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347,000 | 16,805,496 | 3,637 | There is provided a sleeper sofa including a sofa frame, a main support frame, and a bed frame engageable with the sofa frame and main support frame. The sofa frame includes first and second arm portions, and a backrest portion extending therebetween. The main support frame is connected to at least one of the first and second arm portions to fixedly connect the main support frame to the sofa frame. The bed frame includes a first section and a second section pivotally connected to the first section via a hinge. The sleeper sofa further includes a guide plate defining an arcuate guide slot, which communicates with a guide post connected to the second section of the bed frame. The guide post travels in the guide slot to lower and raise the second section of the bed frame as the bed frame moves between the retracted and extended positions. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A convertible sleeper sofa comprising:
a sofa frame having a pair of arm portions in opposed relation to each other and a backrest portion extending between the pair of arm portions and defining a backrest cavity; and a bed frame including a forward section and a rearward section, the bed frame being selectively transitional between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the sofa frame, the rearward section extending into the backrest cavity as the bed frame transitions from the extended position toward the retracted position; and a first wheel and a second wheel, each coupled to the forward section of the bed frame, the first and second wheels being arranged such that the first wheel is positioned closer to the rearward section than the second wheel and both first and second wheels being configured to roll along a common support surface as the bed frame transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 22. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, further comprising a main support frame connected to the sofa frame and configured to be engaged with the bed frame in the extended and retracted positions. 23. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 22, further comprising:
an extended locking member coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the extended position to engage the bed frame to the main support frame; and a retracted locking member coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the retracted position to engage the bed frame to the main support frame. 24. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 23, wherein the main support frame includes a rear support member coupled to the sofa frame and a forward support member spaced from the rear support member, the extended locking member being engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the extended position, the retracted locking member being engaged with the forward support member when the bed from is in the retracted position. 25. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, wherein the forward section and rearward section of the bed frame are in generally co-planar alignment when the bed frame is in the extended position, and the rearward section is disposed in an angled position relative to the forward section when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 26. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 25, wherein the rearward section pivots less than ninety degrees relative to the forward section as the bed frame transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 27. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, further comprising:
a guide plate coupled to the sofa frame and including an arcuate guide slot formed therein; and a guide post connected to the bed frame and disposed within the guide slot and traversing within the guide slot as the bed frame transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 28. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, wherein the sofa frame includes a backrest wall and a rear sofa wall at least partially defining the backrest cavity, the rearward section of the bed frame extending below the backrest wall and into the backrest cavity when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 29. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 28, wherein the backrest cavity is a volume of space between a plane defined by the backrest wall and a plane defined by the rear sofa wall. 30. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, wherein the forward section of the bed frame is configured to remain in a generally horizontal configuration as the sleeper sofa transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 31. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, wherein the rearward section is translatably and pivotally coupled to the sofa frame. 32. A convertible sleeper sofa comprising:
a sofa frame having a pair of arm portions in opposed relation to each other and a rear wall extending between the pair of arm portions; a bed frame having a forward section and rearward section, the forward section at least partially defining a forward edge, the bed frame being transitional relative to the sofa frame between a retracted position and an extended position, the forward edge moving away from the rear wall of the sofa frame as the bed frame transitions from the retracted position toward the extended position; and a first wheel and a second wheel, each coupled to the forward section of the bed frame, the first and second wheels being arranged such that the first wheel is positioned closer to the rearward section of the bed frame than the second wheel and both the first and second wheels being configured to roll along a common support surface as the bed frame transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 33. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 32, wherein at least one of the frame sections is translatably and pivotally coupled to the sofa frame. 34. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 32, wherein the forward and rearward frame sections are pivotally connected to each other and configured to pivot no more than ninety degrees relative to each other as the bed frame transitions between the retracted and extended positions. 35. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 32, further comprising:
a main support frame connected to the sofa frame and configured to be engaged with the bed frame in the extended and retracted positions; an extended locking member coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the extended position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame; and a retracted locking member coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the retracted position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame. 36. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 35, wherein the main support frame includes a rear support member coupled to the sofa frame and a forward support member spaced from the rear support member, the extended locking member being engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the extended position, the retracted locking member being engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 37. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 34, wherein the pivotally connected frame sections of the bed frame are in generally co-planar alignment when the bed frame is in the extended position, and an angled position relative to each other when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 38. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 32, further comprising:
a guide plate coupled to the sofa frame and including an arcuate guide slot formed therein; and a guide post connected to the bed frame and disposed within the guide slot and traversing within the guide slot as the bed frame transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 39. A convertible sleeper sofa comprising:
a sofa frame having a pair of arm portions in opposed relation to each other and a backrest portion extending between the pair of arm portions and defining a backrest cavity; a bed frame including a forward section and a rearward section, the bed frame being selectively transitional between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the sofa frame, the rearward section extending into the backrest cavity as the bed frame transitions from the extended position toward the rearward position; a main support frame connected to the sofa frame and configured to be engaged with the bed frame in the extended and retracted positions; a plurality of extended locking members coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the extended position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame; a plurality of retracted locking members coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the retracted position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame; a first wheel and a second wheel, each being coupled to the forward section of the bed frame, the first and second wheels being arranged such that the first wheel is positioned closer to the rearward section than the second wheel and both the first and second wheels being configured to roll along a common support surface as the bed frame transitions between extended and retracted positions; and wherein the main support frame includes a rear support member coupled to the sofa frame and a forward support member spaced from the rear support member, the extended locking members being directly engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the extended position, the retracted locking members being directly engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 40. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 39, wherein the sofa frame includes a backrest member and a rear sofa member at least partially defining the backrest cavity, the rearward section of the sofa bed frame extending below the backrest member and into the backrest cavity when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 41. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 40, wherein the backrest cavity is a volume of space between a plane defined by the backrest member and a plane defined by the rear sofa member. 42. A convertible sleeper sofa comprising:
a sofa frame having a pair of arm portions in opposed relation to each other and a backrest portion extending between the pair of arm portions; a bed frame including a forward section and a rearward section, the bed frame being selectively transitional between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the sofa frame, the rearward section extending into an opening in the backrest portion of the sofa frame as the bed frame transitions from the extended position toward the rearward position; a main support frame connected to the sofa frame and configured to be engaged with the bed frame in the extended and retracted positions; a plurality of extended locking members coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the extended position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame; a plurality of retracted locking members coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the retracted position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame; a first wheel and a second wheel, each being coupled to the forward section of the bed frame, the first and second wheels being arranged such that the first wheel is positioned closer to the rearward section than the second wheel and both the first and second wheels being configured to roll along a common support surface as the bed frame transitions between extended and retracted positions; and wherein the main support frame includes a rear support member coupled to the sofa frame and a forward support member spaced from the rear support member, the extended locking members being directly engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the extended position, the retracted locking members being directly engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the retracted position. | There is provided a sleeper sofa including a sofa frame, a main support frame, and a bed frame engageable with the sofa frame and main support frame. The sofa frame includes first and second arm portions, and a backrest portion extending therebetween. The main support frame is connected to at least one of the first and second arm portions to fixedly connect the main support frame to the sofa frame. The bed frame includes a first section and a second section pivotally connected to the first section via a hinge. The sleeper sofa further includes a guide plate defining an arcuate guide slot, which communicates with a guide post connected to the second section of the bed frame. The guide post travels in the guide slot to lower and raise the second section of the bed frame as the bed frame moves between the retracted and extended positions.1-20. (canceled) 21. A convertible sleeper sofa comprising:
a sofa frame having a pair of arm portions in opposed relation to each other and a backrest portion extending between the pair of arm portions and defining a backrest cavity; and a bed frame including a forward section and a rearward section, the bed frame being selectively transitional between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the sofa frame, the rearward section extending into the backrest cavity as the bed frame transitions from the extended position toward the retracted position; and a first wheel and a second wheel, each coupled to the forward section of the bed frame, the first and second wheels being arranged such that the first wheel is positioned closer to the rearward section than the second wheel and both first and second wheels being configured to roll along a common support surface as the bed frame transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 22. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, further comprising a main support frame connected to the sofa frame and configured to be engaged with the bed frame in the extended and retracted positions. 23. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 22, further comprising:
an extended locking member coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the extended position to engage the bed frame to the main support frame; and a retracted locking member coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the retracted position to engage the bed frame to the main support frame. 24. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 23, wherein the main support frame includes a rear support member coupled to the sofa frame and a forward support member spaced from the rear support member, the extended locking member being engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the extended position, the retracted locking member being engaged with the forward support member when the bed from is in the retracted position. 25. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, wherein the forward section and rearward section of the bed frame are in generally co-planar alignment when the bed frame is in the extended position, and the rearward section is disposed in an angled position relative to the forward section when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 26. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 25, wherein the rearward section pivots less than ninety degrees relative to the forward section as the bed frame transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 27. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, further comprising:
a guide plate coupled to the sofa frame and including an arcuate guide slot formed therein; and a guide post connected to the bed frame and disposed within the guide slot and traversing within the guide slot as the bed frame transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 28. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, wherein the sofa frame includes a backrest wall and a rear sofa wall at least partially defining the backrest cavity, the rearward section of the bed frame extending below the backrest wall and into the backrest cavity when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 29. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 28, wherein the backrest cavity is a volume of space between a plane defined by the backrest wall and a plane defined by the rear sofa wall. 30. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, wherein the forward section of the bed frame is configured to remain in a generally horizontal configuration as the sleeper sofa transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 31. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 21, wherein the rearward section is translatably and pivotally coupled to the sofa frame. 32. A convertible sleeper sofa comprising:
a sofa frame having a pair of arm portions in opposed relation to each other and a rear wall extending between the pair of arm portions; a bed frame having a forward section and rearward section, the forward section at least partially defining a forward edge, the bed frame being transitional relative to the sofa frame between a retracted position and an extended position, the forward edge moving away from the rear wall of the sofa frame as the bed frame transitions from the retracted position toward the extended position; and a first wheel and a second wheel, each coupled to the forward section of the bed frame, the first and second wheels being arranged such that the first wheel is positioned closer to the rearward section of the bed frame than the second wheel and both the first and second wheels being configured to roll along a common support surface as the bed frame transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 33. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 32, wherein at least one of the frame sections is translatably and pivotally coupled to the sofa frame. 34. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 32, wherein the forward and rearward frame sections are pivotally connected to each other and configured to pivot no more than ninety degrees relative to each other as the bed frame transitions between the retracted and extended positions. 35. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 32, further comprising:
a main support frame connected to the sofa frame and configured to be engaged with the bed frame in the extended and retracted positions; an extended locking member coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the extended position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame; and a retracted locking member coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the retracted position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame. 36. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 35, wherein the main support frame includes a rear support member coupled to the sofa frame and a forward support member spaced from the rear support member, the extended locking member being engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the extended position, the retracted locking member being engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 37. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 34, wherein the pivotally connected frame sections of the bed frame are in generally co-planar alignment when the bed frame is in the extended position, and an angled position relative to each other when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 38. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 32, further comprising:
a guide plate coupled to the sofa frame and including an arcuate guide slot formed therein; and a guide post connected to the bed frame and disposed within the guide slot and traversing within the guide slot as the bed frame transitions between the extended and retracted positions. 39. A convertible sleeper sofa comprising:
a sofa frame having a pair of arm portions in opposed relation to each other and a backrest portion extending between the pair of arm portions and defining a backrest cavity; a bed frame including a forward section and a rearward section, the bed frame being selectively transitional between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the sofa frame, the rearward section extending into the backrest cavity as the bed frame transitions from the extended position toward the rearward position; a main support frame connected to the sofa frame and configured to be engaged with the bed frame in the extended and retracted positions; a plurality of extended locking members coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the extended position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame; a plurality of retracted locking members coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the retracted position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame; a first wheel and a second wheel, each being coupled to the forward section of the bed frame, the first and second wheels being arranged such that the first wheel is positioned closer to the rearward section than the second wheel and both the first and second wheels being configured to roll along a common support surface as the bed frame transitions between extended and retracted positions; and wherein the main support frame includes a rear support member coupled to the sofa frame and a forward support member spaced from the rear support member, the extended locking members being directly engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the extended position, the retracted locking members being directly engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 40. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 39, wherein the sofa frame includes a backrest member and a rear sofa member at least partially defining the backrest cavity, the rearward section of the sofa bed frame extending below the backrest member and into the backrest cavity when the bed frame is in the retracted position. 41. The convertible sleeper sofa recited in claim 40, wherein the backrest cavity is a volume of space between a plane defined by the backrest member and a plane defined by the rear sofa member. 42. A convertible sleeper sofa comprising:
a sofa frame having a pair of arm portions in opposed relation to each other and a backrest portion extending between the pair of arm portions; a bed frame including a forward section and a rearward section, the bed frame being selectively transitional between an extended position and a retracted position relative to the sofa frame, the rearward section extending into an opening in the backrest portion of the sofa frame as the bed frame transitions from the extended position toward the rearward position; a main support frame connected to the sofa frame and configured to be engaged with the bed frame in the extended and retracted positions; a plurality of extended locking members coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the extended position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame; a plurality of retracted locking members coupled to the bed frame and engageable with the main support frame when the bed frame is in the retracted position to connect the bed frame to the main support frame; a first wheel and a second wheel, each being coupled to the forward section of the bed frame, the first and second wheels being arranged such that the first wheel is positioned closer to the rearward section than the second wheel and both the first and second wheels being configured to roll along a common support surface as the bed frame transitions between extended and retracted positions; and wherein the main support frame includes a rear support member coupled to the sofa frame and a forward support member spaced from the rear support member, the extended locking members being directly engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the extended position, the retracted locking members being directly engaged with the forward support member when the bed frame is in the retracted position. | 3,600 |
347,001 | 16,805,430 | 3,637 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a plurality of transmit power control commands identifying a plurality of transmit power values, wherein the plurality of transmit power control commands relate to a set of out-of-order communications. The UE may determine a transmit power for a communication based at least in part on the plurality of transmit power control commands. The UE may transmit the communication based at least in part on the determining the transmit power. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a plurality of transmit power control commands identifying a plurality of transmit power values, wherein the plurality of transmit power control commands relate to a set of out-of-order communications; determining a transmit power for a communication based at least in part on the plurality of transmit power control commands; and transmitting the communication based at least in part on the determining the transmit power. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each transmit power command is associated with a class parameter corresponding to a class of a set of classes; and
wherein each communication, of the set of out-of-order communications, is in-order with respect to a respective class. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the transmit power comprises:
determining the transmit power based at least in part on one or more transmit power control commands, of the plurality of transmit power control commands, relating to the same class as the communication. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the class parameter is a sounding reference signal resource indicator. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the class parameter is based at least in part on at least one of a priority, an index value, or a characteristic of a communication, and
wherein each of the at least one of the priority, the index value, or the characteristic of a communication is associated with a separate power control accumulation. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the class parameter corresponds to at least one of a spatial relationship parameter, a channel identifier, or a closed loop index. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is associated with a plurality of adjustment states and an accumulator, of a set of accumulators, for each adjustment state, and
wherein the UE is configured to update a particular accumulator, of the set of accumulators, corresponding to the communication at a start of the communication. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the transmit power comprises:
determining the transmit power for the communication based at least in part on the particular accumulator corresponding to the communication. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein another communication overlapping with the communication and starting at a different start time than the communication is associated with another transmit power determined based at least in part on a different update to the set of accumulators. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein another communication overlapping with the communication and starting at the same start time as the communication is associated with the same transmit power. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the UE is configured to update the particular accumulator based at least in part on each transmit power control command, of the plurality of transmit power control commands, for the same loop index and received at a threshold time before a start of the update. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the threshold time is determined based at least in part on at least one of a first symbol of the communication, a timing capability, or a preparation timeline capability. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the UE is configured to update the particular accumulator based at least in part on each transmit power control command, of the plurality of transmit power control commands, received within an update window. 14. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a plurality of communications, wherein at least one communication of the plurality of communications is an out-of-order communication; determining a processing action for a communication of the plurality of communications based at least in part on a characteristic of the communication; and performing the processing action based at least in part on determining the processing action for the communication. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the processing action comprises:
determining to stop processing the communication and discard a scheduling downlink control information of the communication based at least in part on a priority of the communication. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining a transmit power without including a transmit power command of the scheduling downlink control information based at least in part on determining to stop processing the communication and discard the scheduling downlink control information. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
ceasing another operation based at least in part on determining to stop processing the communication and discard the scheduling downlink control information, and wherein the other operation is at least one of:
a sounding reference signal transmission on the same cell as the communication,
a sounding reference signal transmission on a different cell than the communication,
an aperiodic channel state information report transmission on the same cell as the communication, or
an aperiodic channel state information report transmission on a different cell than the communication. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the processing action comprises:
determining to stop processing the communication, cease a subset of other operations relating to the communication, and perform another subset of the other operations relating to the communication. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the other operations relating to the communication include at least one of:
an aperiodic channel state information report transmission, a sounding reference signal transmission, or a transmit power determination. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the processing action comprises:
determining to stop processing the communication and perform a set of other operations relating to the communication. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the set of other operations relating to the communication include at least one of:
an aperiodic channel state information report transmission, a sounding reference signal transmission, or a transmit power determination. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein one or more processing rules associated with the processing action is stored by the UE or configured by a base station (BS). 23. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a plurality of transmit power control commands identifying a plurality of transmit power values, wherein the plurality of transmit power control commands relate to a set of out-of-order communications;
determine a transmit power for a communication based at least in part on the plurality of transmit power control commands; and
transmit the communication based at least in part on the determining the transmit power. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein each transmit power command is associated with a class parameter corresponding to a class of a set of classes; and
wherein each communication, of the set of out-of-order communications, is in-order with respect to a respective class. 25. The UE of claim 24, wherein determining the transmit power comprises:
determine the transmit power based at least in part on one or more transmit power control commands, of the plurality of transmit power control commands, relating to the same class as the communication. 26. The UE of claim 24, wherein the class parameter is a sounding reference signal resource indicator. 27. The UE of claim 24, wherein the UE is associated with a plurality of adjustment states and an accumulator, of a set of accumulators, for each adjustment state, and
wherein the UE is configured to update a particular accumulator, of the set of accumulators, corresponding to the communication at a start of the communication. 28. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a plurality of communications, wherein at least one communication of the plurality of communications is an out-of-order communication;
determine a processing action for a communication of the plurality of communications based at least in part on a characteristic of the communication; and
perform the processing action based at least in part on determining the processing action for the communication. 29. The UE of claim 28, wherein the one or more processors, when determining the processing action, are to:
determine to stop processing the communication and discard a scheduling downlink control information of the communication based at least in part on a priority of the communication. 30. The UE of claim 29, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine a transmit power without including a transmit power command of the scheduling downlink control information based at least in part on determining to stop processing the communication and discard the scheduling downlink control information. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a plurality of transmit power control commands identifying a plurality of transmit power values, wherein the plurality of transmit power control commands relate to a set of out-of-order communications. The UE may determine a transmit power for a communication based at least in part on the plurality of transmit power control commands. The UE may transmit the communication based at least in part on the determining the transmit power. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a plurality of transmit power control commands identifying a plurality of transmit power values, wherein the plurality of transmit power control commands relate to a set of out-of-order communications; determining a transmit power for a communication based at least in part on the plurality of transmit power control commands; and transmitting the communication based at least in part on the determining the transmit power. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each transmit power command is associated with a class parameter corresponding to a class of a set of classes; and
wherein each communication, of the set of out-of-order communications, is in-order with respect to a respective class. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the transmit power comprises:
determining the transmit power based at least in part on one or more transmit power control commands, of the plurality of transmit power control commands, relating to the same class as the communication. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the class parameter is a sounding reference signal resource indicator. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the class parameter is based at least in part on at least one of a priority, an index value, or a characteristic of a communication, and
wherein each of the at least one of the priority, the index value, or the characteristic of a communication is associated with a separate power control accumulation. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the class parameter corresponds to at least one of a spatial relationship parameter, a channel identifier, or a closed loop index. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is associated with a plurality of adjustment states and an accumulator, of a set of accumulators, for each adjustment state, and
wherein the UE is configured to update a particular accumulator, of the set of accumulators, corresponding to the communication at a start of the communication. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the transmit power comprises:
determining the transmit power for the communication based at least in part on the particular accumulator corresponding to the communication. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein another communication overlapping with the communication and starting at a different start time than the communication is associated with another transmit power determined based at least in part on a different update to the set of accumulators. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein another communication overlapping with the communication and starting at the same start time as the communication is associated with the same transmit power. 11. The method of claim 7, wherein the UE is configured to update the particular accumulator based at least in part on each transmit power control command, of the plurality of transmit power control commands, for the same loop index and received at a threshold time before a start of the update. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the threshold time is determined based at least in part on at least one of a first symbol of the communication, a timing capability, or a preparation timeline capability. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein the UE is configured to update the particular accumulator based at least in part on each transmit power control command, of the plurality of transmit power control commands, received within an update window. 14. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a plurality of communications, wherein at least one communication of the plurality of communications is an out-of-order communication; determining a processing action for a communication of the plurality of communications based at least in part on a characteristic of the communication; and performing the processing action based at least in part on determining the processing action for the communication. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the processing action comprises:
determining to stop processing the communication and discard a scheduling downlink control information of the communication based at least in part on a priority of the communication. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining a transmit power without including a transmit power command of the scheduling downlink control information based at least in part on determining to stop processing the communication and discard the scheduling downlink control information. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
ceasing another operation based at least in part on determining to stop processing the communication and discard the scheduling downlink control information, and wherein the other operation is at least one of:
a sounding reference signal transmission on the same cell as the communication,
a sounding reference signal transmission on a different cell than the communication,
an aperiodic channel state information report transmission on the same cell as the communication, or
an aperiodic channel state information report transmission on a different cell than the communication. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the processing action comprises:
determining to stop processing the communication, cease a subset of other operations relating to the communication, and perform another subset of the other operations relating to the communication. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the other operations relating to the communication include at least one of:
an aperiodic channel state information report transmission, a sounding reference signal transmission, or a transmit power determination. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the processing action comprises:
determining to stop processing the communication and perform a set of other operations relating to the communication. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the set of other operations relating to the communication include at least one of:
an aperiodic channel state information report transmission, a sounding reference signal transmission, or a transmit power determination. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein one or more processing rules associated with the processing action is stored by the UE or configured by a base station (BS). 23. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a plurality of transmit power control commands identifying a plurality of transmit power values, wherein the plurality of transmit power control commands relate to a set of out-of-order communications;
determine a transmit power for a communication based at least in part on the plurality of transmit power control commands; and
transmit the communication based at least in part on the determining the transmit power. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein each transmit power command is associated with a class parameter corresponding to a class of a set of classes; and
wherein each communication, of the set of out-of-order communications, is in-order with respect to a respective class. 25. The UE of claim 24, wherein determining the transmit power comprises:
determine the transmit power based at least in part on one or more transmit power control commands, of the plurality of transmit power control commands, relating to the same class as the communication. 26. The UE of claim 24, wherein the class parameter is a sounding reference signal resource indicator. 27. The UE of claim 24, wherein the UE is associated with a plurality of adjustment states and an accumulator, of a set of accumulators, for each adjustment state, and
wherein the UE is configured to update a particular accumulator, of the set of accumulators, corresponding to the communication at a start of the communication. 28. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive a plurality of communications, wherein at least one communication of the plurality of communications is an out-of-order communication;
determine a processing action for a communication of the plurality of communications based at least in part on a characteristic of the communication; and
perform the processing action based at least in part on determining the processing action for the communication. 29. The UE of claim 28, wherein the one or more processors, when determining the processing action, are to:
determine to stop processing the communication and discard a scheduling downlink control information of the communication based at least in part on a priority of the communication. 30. The UE of claim 29, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine a transmit power without including a transmit power command of the scheduling downlink control information based at least in part on determining to stop processing the communication and discard the scheduling downlink control information. | 3,600 |
347,002 | 16,805,474 | 3,637 | A coupling portion has one end coupleable to a distal end of a measurement spindle. The measurement spindle is disposed on a gauge inspector and movable in a measurement axis direction. A cylindrical stem is insertable into a gauge holding member to hold the inserted stem. The stem slidably holds a spindle having a distal end on which a contact point of a gauge is disposed. A frame has a first end coupled to a second end of the coupling portion and has a second end to which the gauge holding member is mountable. The gauge holding member is held to the frame such that an axis of the stem runs along the measurement axis direction. As a result, inspection is performed easily and accurately in a reverse posture with a contact point facing upward when a gauge is inspected. | 1. A gauge inspection jig, comprising:
a coupling portion having a first end coupleable to a distal end of a measurement spindle, the measurement spindle being disposed on a gauge inspector and movable in a measurement axis direction; a gauge holding member into which a cylindrical stem is insertable to hold the inserted cylindrical stem, the cylindrical stem slidably holding a spindle having a distal end on which a contact point of a gauge is disposed; and a body member having a first end coupled to a second end of the coupling portion and having a second end to which the gauge holding member is mountable, wherein the gauge holding member is held to the body member such that an axis of the cylindrical stem runs along the measurement axis direction. 2. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 1, wherein
the body member includes: a first beam extending in a second direction orthogonal to a first direction, the second direction being the measurement axis direction; a first column having a first end coupled to a first end of the first beam and extending along the first direction; and a second beam extending from a second end of the first column along the second direction, wherein the gauge holding member is fixed on a surface of the second beam orientated in an extending direction of the first column such that the cylindrical stem does not interfere with the second beam. 3. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 2, wherein
the body member includes: a second column having a first end coupled to the first end of the first beam and extending along the first direction; and a third beam extending from a second end of the second column in a direction opposite to an extending direction of the first beam, wherein the gauge holding member is fixed on a surface of the third beam orientated in an extending direction of the second column such that the cylindrical stem does not interfere with the third beam. 4. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 3, wherein
the gauge holding member is held such that the cylindrical stem is inserted into a clearance between the second beam and the third beam. 5. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 3, wherein
the gauge holding member includes first and second plate-shaped members having surfaces perpendicular to the first direction, the surfaces being principal surfaces, wherein the first plate-shaped member has a first notch along a cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, the second plate-shaped member has a second notch along the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, and the cylindrical stem inserted into a region formed by the first notch and the second notch is sandwiched between the first notch and the second notch to hold the cylindrical stem. 6. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 5, wherein
in the first and the second plate-shaped members, female threads extending in a direction parallel to a surface perpendicular the first direction are disposed, and wherein screwing into the female threads across the first and the second plate-shaped members couples the first plate-shaped member and the second plate-shaped member together. 7. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 4, wherein
the gauge holding member includes first and second plate-shaped members having surfaces perpendicular to the first direction, the surfaces being principal surfaces, wherein the first plate-shaped member has a first notch along a cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, the second plate-shaped member has a second notch along the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, and the cylindrical stem inserted into a region formed by the first notch and the second notch is sandwiched between the first notch and the second notch to hold the cylindrical stem. 8. A gauge inspector, comprising:
a measurement spindle movable in a measurement axis direction; and a fixing portion configured to fix a member contacted by a contact point of a gauge held in a reverse posture by a gauge inspection jig, wherein the gauge inspection jig includes: a coupling portion having a first end coupleable to a distal end of the measurement spindle: a gauge holding member into which a cylindrical stem is insertable to hold the inserted cylindrical stem, the cylindrical stem slidably holding a spindle having a distal end on which the contact point of the gauge is disposed; and a body member having a first end coupled to a second end of the coupling portion and having a second end to which the gauge holding member is mountable, wherein the gauge holding member is held to the body member such that an axis of the cylindrical stem runs along the measurement axis direction. 9. The gauge inspector according to claim 8, wherein
the body member includes: a first beam extending in a second direction orthogonal to a first direction, the second direction being the measurement axis direction; a first column having a first end coupled to a first end of the first beam and extending along the first direction; and a second beam extending from a second end of the first column along the second direction, wherein the gauge holding member is fixed on a surface of the second beam orientated in an extending direction of the first column such that the cylindrical stem does not interfere with the second beam. 10. The gauge inspector according to claim 9, wherein
the body member includes: a second column having a first end coupled to the first end of the first beam and extending along the first direction; and a third beam extending from a second end of the second column in a direction opposite to an extending direction of the first beam, wherein the gauge holding member is fixed on a surface of the third beam orientated in an extending direction of the second column such that the cylindrical stem does not interfere with the third beam. 11. The gauge inspector according to claim 10, wherein
the gauge holding member is held such that the cylindrical stem is inserted into a clearance between the second beam and the third beam. 12. The gauge inspector according to claim 10, wherein
the gauge holding member includes first and second plate-shaped members having surfaces perpendicular to the first direction, the surfaces being principal surfaces, wherein the first plate-shaped member has a first notch along a cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, the second plate-shaped member has a second notch along the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, and the cylindrical stem inserted into a region formed by the first notch and the second notch is sandwiched between the first notch and the second notch to hold the cylindrical stem. 13. The gauge inspector according to claim 12, wherein
in the first and the second plate-shaped members, female threads extending in a direction parallel to a surface perpendicular the first direction are disposed, and wherein screwing into the female threads across the first and the second plate-shaped members couples the first plate-shaped member and the second plate-shaped member together. 14. The gauge inspector according to claim 11, wherein
the gauge holding member includes first and second plate-shaped members having surfaces perpendicular to the first direction, the surfaces being principal surfaces, wherein the first plate-shaped member has a first notch along a cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, the second plate-shaped member has a second notch along the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, and the cylindrical stem inserted into a region formed by the first notch and the second notch is sandwiched between the first notch and the second notch to hold the cylindrical stem. | A coupling portion has one end coupleable to a distal end of a measurement spindle. The measurement spindle is disposed on a gauge inspector and movable in a measurement axis direction. A cylindrical stem is insertable into a gauge holding member to hold the inserted stem. The stem slidably holds a spindle having a distal end on which a contact point of a gauge is disposed. A frame has a first end coupled to a second end of the coupling portion and has a second end to which the gauge holding member is mountable. The gauge holding member is held to the frame such that an axis of the stem runs along the measurement axis direction. As a result, inspection is performed easily and accurately in a reverse posture with a contact point facing upward when a gauge is inspected.1. A gauge inspection jig, comprising:
a coupling portion having a first end coupleable to a distal end of a measurement spindle, the measurement spindle being disposed on a gauge inspector and movable in a measurement axis direction; a gauge holding member into which a cylindrical stem is insertable to hold the inserted cylindrical stem, the cylindrical stem slidably holding a spindle having a distal end on which a contact point of a gauge is disposed; and a body member having a first end coupled to a second end of the coupling portion and having a second end to which the gauge holding member is mountable, wherein the gauge holding member is held to the body member such that an axis of the cylindrical stem runs along the measurement axis direction. 2. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 1, wherein
the body member includes: a first beam extending in a second direction orthogonal to a first direction, the second direction being the measurement axis direction; a first column having a first end coupled to a first end of the first beam and extending along the first direction; and a second beam extending from a second end of the first column along the second direction, wherein the gauge holding member is fixed on a surface of the second beam orientated in an extending direction of the first column such that the cylindrical stem does not interfere with the second beam. 3. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 2, wherein
the body member includes: a second column having a first end coupled to the first end of the first beam and extending along the first direction; and a third beam extending from a second end of the second column in a direction opposite to an extending direction of the first beam, wherein the gauge holding member is fixed on a surface of the third beam orientated in an extending direction of the second column such that the cylindrical stem does not interfere with the third beam. 4. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 3, wherein
the gauge holding member is held such that the cylindrical stem is inserted into a clearance between the second beam and the third beam. 5. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 3, wherein
the gauge holding member includes first and second plate-shaped members having surfaces perpendicular to the first direction, the surfaces being principal surfaces, wherein the first plate-shaped member has a first notch along a cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, the second plate-shaped member has a second notch along the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, and the cylindrical stem inserted into a region formed by the first notch and the second notch is sandwiched between the first notch and the second notch to hold the cylindrical stem. 6. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 5, wherein
in the first and the second plate-shaped members, female threads extending in a direction parallel to a surface perpendicular the first direction are disposed, and wherein screwing into the female threads across the first and the second plate-shaped members couples the first plate-shaped member and the second plate-shaped member together. 7. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 4, wherein
the gauge holding member includes first and second plate-shaped members having surfaces perpendicular to the first direction, the surfaces being principal surfaces, wherein the first plate-shaped member has a first notch along a cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, the second plate-shaped member has a second notch along the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, and the cylindrical stem inserted into a region formed by the first notch and the second notch is sandwiched between the first notch and the second notch to hold the cylindrical stem. 8. A gauge inspector, comprising:
a measurement spindle movable in a measurement axis direction; and a fixing portion configured to fix a member contacted by a contact point of a gauge held in a reverse posture by a gauge inspection jig, wherein the gauge inspection jig includes: a coupling portion having a first end coupleable to a distal end of the measurement spindle: a gauge holding member into which a cylindrical stem is insertable to hold the inserted cylindrical stem, the cylindrical stem slidably holding a spindle having a distal end on which the contact point of the gauge is disposed; and a body member having a first end coupled to a second end of the coupling portion and having a second end to which the gauge holding member is mountable, wherein the gauge holding member is held to the body member such that an axis of the cylindrical stem runs along the measurement axis direction. 9. The gauge inspector according to claim 8, wherein
the body member includes: a first beam extending in a second direction orthogonal to a first direction, the second direction being the measurement axis direction; a first column having a first end coupled to a first end of the first beam and extending along the first direction; and a second beam extending from a second end of the first column along the second direction, wherein the gauge holding member is fixed on a surface of the second beam orientated in an extending direction of the first column such that the cylindrical stem does not interfere with the second beam. 10. The gauge inspector according to claim 9, wherein
the body member includes: a second column having a first end coupled to the first end of the first beam and extending along the first direction; and a third beam extending from a second end of the second column in a direction opposite to an extending direction of the first beam, wherein the gauge holding member is fixed on a surface of the third beam orientated in an extending direction of the second column such that the cylindrical stem does not interfere with the third beam. 11. The gauge inspector according to claim 10, wherein
the gauge holding member is held such that the cylindrical stem is inserted into a clearance between the second beam and the third beam. 12. The gauge inspector according to claim 10, wherein
the gauge holding member includes first and second plate-shaped members having surfaces perpendicular to the first direction, the surfaces being principal surfaces, wherein the first plate-shaped member has a first notch along a cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, the second plate-shaped member has a second notch along the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, and the cylindrical stem inserted into a region formed by the first notch and the second notch is sandwiched between the first notch and the second notch to hold the cylindrical stem. 13. The gauge inspector according to claim 12, wherein
in the first and the second plate-shaped members, female threads extending in a direction parallel to a surface perpendicular the first direction are disposed, and wherein screwing into the female threads across the first and the second plate-shaped members couples the first plate-shaped member and the second plate-shaped member together. 14. The gauge inspector according to claim 11, wherein
the gauge holding member includes first and second plate-shaped members having surfaces perpendicular to the first direction, the surfaces being principal surfaces, wherein the first plate-shaped member has a first notch along a cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, the second plate-shaped member has a second notch along the cylindrical shape of the cylindrical stem, and the cylindrical stem inserted into a region formed by the first notch and the second notch is sandwiched between the first notch and the second notch to hold the cylindrical stem. | 3,600 |
347,003 | 16,805,481 | 3,637 | The disclosure relates to methods for treating or inhibiting the growth of a tumor, wherein the methods include selecting and administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor and a therapeutically effective amount of a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade. | 1. A method of treating or inhibiting the growth of a tumor, comprising:
(a) selecting a subject with a tumor; and (b) administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor and a therapeutically effective amount of a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor comprises colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, anal cancer, uterine cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, endometrial cancer, bone cancer, testicular cancer, skin cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, salivary gland cancer, myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphomas, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, or B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor comprises a Type 2 immunity-dependent cancer. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the Type 2 immunity-dependent cancer comprises pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, brain cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, or bladder cancer. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor comprises pancreatic cancer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor comprises non-small cell lung cancer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor comprises lung squamous cell carcinoma. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor is primary, metastatic, or recurrent. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject has been treated with a prior anti-tumor therapeutic agent or therapy. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject has been treated with a PD-1 inhibitor. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor is resistant or non-responsive to prior treatment with a therapeutic agent or therapy. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject exhibits upregulation of at least one cytokine. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the at least one cytokine comprises at least one of IL-4 and IL-13. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject exhibits increased production of at least one cytokine. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one cytokine comprises IL-4. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject exhibits increased hyaluronic acid (HA) content in the tumor. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti-IL-4 antibody, an anti-IL-13 antibody, an anti-IL-4/IL-13 bispecific antibody, an IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) inhibitor, an IL-4 trap, an IL-13 trap, and an anti-IL-4R antibody. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is an anti-IL-4 antibody. 19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is an anti-IL-13 antibody. 20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is an anti-IL-4/IL-13 bispecific antibody. 21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is an IL-4R inhibitor. 22. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is an anti-IL-4R antibody. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the anti-IL-4R antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region (HCVR) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain variable region (LCVR) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the anti-IL-4R antibody comprises a HCVR comprising three heavy chain complementarity determining regions (CDRs) (HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3) and a LCVR comprising three light chain CDRs (LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3), wherein: HCDR1 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3; HCDR2 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; HCDR3 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5; LCDR1 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6; LCDR2 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7; and LCDR3 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the HCVR comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the LCVR comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 26. The method according to claim 22, wherein the anti-IL-4R antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 27. The method according to claim 22, wherein the anti-IL-4R antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the light chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. 28. The method according to claim 22, wherein the anti-IL-4R antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and the light chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. 29. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is dupilumab or a bioequivalent thereof. 30. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dupilumab, pascolizumab, AMG317, MEDI2045, MEDI9314, tralokinumab, lebrikzimab, anrukinzumab, dectrekumab, GSK679586, MEDI7836, romilkimab, an IL-4 trap, an IL-13 trap, AER-003, and pitrakinra. 31. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is selected from an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, and an anti-PD-L2 antibody. 32. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-1 antibody that comprises a HCVR comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 and a LCVR comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12. 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the HCVR comprises three heavy chain CDRs (HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3) and the LCVR comprises three light chain CDRs (LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3), wherein: HCDR1 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; HCDR2 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; HCDR3 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; LCDR1 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16; LCDR2 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17; and LCDR3 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18. 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a HCVR/LCVR sequence pair of SEQ ID NOs: 11/12. 35. The method according to claim 32, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19. 36. The method according to claim 32, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the light chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20. 37. The method according to claim 32, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 and the light chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20. 38. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is cemiplimab or a bioequivalent thereof. 39. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-1 antibody selected from the group consisting of cemiplimab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, MEDI0608, BI 754091, PF-06801591, sintilimab, AGEN2034, spartalizumab, camrelizumab, JNJ-63723283, and MCLA-134. 40. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1 antibody selected from the group consisting of H1H8314N, avelumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, MDX-1105, LY3300054, FAZ053, STI-1014, CX-072, KN035, and CK-301. 41. The method according to claim 1, wherein one or more doses of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is administered in combination with one or more doses of the anti-PD-1 antibody. 42. The method according to claim 41, wherein at least one dose of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor comprises about 0.1 to about 50 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. 43. The method according to claim 41, wherein at least one dose of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor comprises about 0.05 to about 1000 mg of the inhibitor. 44. The method according to claim 41, wherein each dose of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is administered 0.5 to 12 weeks after the immediately preceding dose. 45. The method according to claim 41, wherein at least one dose of the PD-1 inhibitor comprises about 0.1 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. 46. The method according to claim 41, wherein at least one dose of the PD-1 inhibitor comprises about 0.05 to about 500 mg of the inhibitor. 47. The method according to claim 45, wherein each dose of the PD-1 inhibitor is administered 0.5 to 12 weeks after the immediately preceding dose. 48. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is administered concurrently with the PD-1 inhibitor. 49. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is administered prior to the PD-1 inhibitor. 50. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is administered after the PD-1 inhibitor. 51. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method promotes tumor regression, delays tumor growth, reduces tumor cell load, reduces tumor burden, and/or prevents tumor recurrence in the patient. 52. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method promotes at least about 10% more tumor regression in the treated subject as compared to an untreated subject or a subject treated with either inhibitor as monotherapy. 53. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method leads to at least 30% or more decrease in tumor cells or tumor size as compared to an untreated subject or a subject treated with either inhibitor as monotherapy. 54. The method according to claim 1, further comprising administering at least one additional therapeutic agent or therapy. 55. The method according to claim 54, wherein the additional therapeutic agent or therapy comprises chemotherapy, cyclophosphamide, surgery, radiation, a cancer vaccine, a LAG3 inhibitor, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, a GITR agonist, a TIM3 inhibitor, a BTLA inhibitor, a TIGIT inhibitor, a CD38 inhibitor, a CD47 inhibitor, an IDO inhibitor, a VEGF antagonist, an Ang2 inhibitor, a TGFβ inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor, a VISTA inhibitor, a CD40 agonist, a CSF1R inhibitor, CCR2 inhibitor, CXCR4 inhibitor, CXCR2 inhibitor, CCR4 inhibitor, CXCL12 inhibitor, a CD28 activator, an agonist to a co-stimulatory receptor, an antibody to a tumor-specific antigen, an anti-CD3/anti-CD20 bispecific antibody, GM-CSF, a cytotoxin, a chemotherapeutic agent, an oncolytic virus, an IL-6R inhibitor, an IL-10 inhibitor, a cytokine, an ADC, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, an anti-inflammatory drug, a NSAID, and/or a dietary supplement. 56. A pharmaceutical delivery system comprising:
(a) a pharmaceutical composition comprising an IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and (b) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 57. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the pharmaceutical compositions (a) and (b) are separate from each other. 58. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the pharmaceutical composition (a) comprises one or more doses of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor. 59. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 58, wherein at least one dose comprises about 5-1000 mg of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor. 60. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the pharmaceutical composition (b) comprises one or more doses of the PD-1 inhibitor. 61. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 60, wherein at least one dose comprises about 5-500 mg of the PD-1 inhibitor. 62. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti-IL-4 antibody, an anti-IL-13 antibody, an anti-IL-4/IL-13 bispecific antibody, an IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) inhibitor, an IL-4 trap, an IL-13 trap, and an anti-IL-4R antibody. 63. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 62, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dupilumab, pascolizumab, AMG317, MEDI2045, MEDI9314, tralokinumab, lebrikzimab, anrukinzumab, dectrekumab, GSK679586, MEDI7836, romilkimab, an IL-4 trap, an IL-13 trap, AER-003, and pitrakinra. 64. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, and an anti-PD-L2 antibody. 65. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-1 antibody selected from the group consisting of cemiplimab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, MEDI0608, BI 754091, PF-06801591, sintilimab, AGEN2034, spartalizumab, camrelizumab, JNJ-63723283, and MCLA-134. 66. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1 antibody selected from the group consisting of H1H8314N, avelumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, MDX-1105, LY3300054, FAZ053, STI-1014, CX-072, KN035, and CK-301. 67. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, further comprising at least one additional therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of cyclophosphamide, a cancer vaccine, a LAG3 inhibitor, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, a GITR agonist, a TIM3 inhibitor, a BTLA inhibitor, a TIGIT inhibitor, a CD38 inhibitor, a CD47 inhibitor, an IDO inhibitor, a VEGF antagonist, an Ang2 inhibitor, a TGFβ inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor, a VISTA inhibitor, a CD28 activator, a CD40 agonist, a CSF1R inhibitor, CCR2 inhibitor, CXCR4 inhibitor, CXCR2 inhibitor, CCR4 inhibitor, CXCL12 inhibitor, an agonist to a co-stimulatory receptor, an antibody to a tumor-specific antigen, an anti-CD3/anti-CD20 bispecific antibody, GM-CSF, a cytotoxin, a chemotherapeutic agent, an IL-6R inhibitor, an IL-10 inhibitor, an oncolytic virus, a cytokine, an ADC, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, an anti-inflammatory drug, a NSAID, and a dietary supplement. 68. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56 for use in treating or inhibiting the growth of a tumor. 69. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 68, wherein the tumor comprises a Type 2 immunity-dependent cancer. 70. A kit comprising the pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56 and written instructions for use of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor in combination with the PD-1 inhibitor for treating or inhibiting the growth of a tumor. 71. (canceled) 72. (canceled) | The disclosure relates to methods for treating or inhibiting the growth of a tumor, wherein the methods include selecting and administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor and a therapeutically effective amount of a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade.1. A method of treating or inhibiting the growth of a tumor, comprising:
(a) selecting a subject with a tumor; and (b) administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor and a therapeutically effective amount of a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor comprises colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, anal cancer, uterine cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, endometrial cancer, bone cancer, testicular cancer, skin cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, salivary gland cancer, myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, B-cell lymphomas, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, or B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor comprises a Type 2 immunity-dependent cancer. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the Type 2 immunity-dependent cancer comprises pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, brain cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, or bladder cancer. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor comprises pancreatic cancer. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor comprises non-small cell lung cancer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor comprises lung squamous cell carcinoma. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor is primary, metastatic, or recurrent. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject has been treated with a prior anti-tumor therapeutic agent or therapy. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject has been treated with a PD-1 inhibitor. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the tumor is resistant or non-responsive to prior treatment with a therapeutic agent or therapy. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject exhibits upregulation of at least one cytokine. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the at least one cytokine comprises at least one of IL-4 and IL-13. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject exhibits increased production of at least one cytokine. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the at least one cytokine comprises IL-4. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the subject exhibits increased hyaluronic acid (HA) content in the tumor. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti-IL-4 antibody, an anti-IL-13 antibody, an anti-IL-4/IL-13 bispecific antibody, an IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) inhibitor, an IL-4 trap, an IL-13 trap, and an anti-IL-4R antibody. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is an anti-IL-4 antibody. 19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is an anti-IL-13 antibody. 20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is an anti-IL-4/IL-13 bispecific antibody. 21. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is an IL-4R inhibitor. 22. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is an anti-IL-4R antibody. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the anti-IL-4R antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region (HCVR) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain variable region (LCVR) comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the anti-IL-4R antibody comprises a HCVR comprising three heavy chain complementarity determining regions (CDRs) (HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3) and a LCVR comprising three light chain CDRs (LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3), wherein: HCDR1 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3; HCDR2 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; HCDR3 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5; LCDR1 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6; LCDR2 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7; and LCDR3 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8. 25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the HCVR comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the LCVR comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 26. The method according to claim 22, wherein the anti-IL-4R antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 27. The method according to claim 22, wherein the anti-IL-4R antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the light chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. 28. The method according to claim 22, wherein the anti-IL-4R antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 and the light chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10. 29. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is dupilumab or a bioequivalent thereof. 30. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dupilumab, pascolizumab, AMG317, MEDI2045, MEDI9314, tralokinumab, lebrikzimab, anrukinzumab, dectrekumab, GSK679586, MEDI7836, romilkimab, an IL-4 trap, an IL-13 trap, AER-003, and pitrakinra. 31. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is selected from an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, and an anti-PD-L2 antibody. 32. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-1 antibody that comprises a HCVR comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 and a LCVR comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12. 33. The method according to claim 32, wherein the HCVR comprises three heavy chain CDRs (HCDR1, HCDR2 and HCDR3) and the LCVR comprises three light chain CDRs (LCDR1, LCDR2 and LCDR3), wherein: HCDR1 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13; HCDR2 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; HCDR3 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15; LCDR1 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16; LCDR2 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17; and LCDR3 has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18. 34. The method according to claim 33, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a HCVR/LCVR sequence pair of SEQ ID NOs: 11/12. 35. The method according to claim 32, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19. 36. The method according to claim 32, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the light chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20. 37. The method according to claim 32, wherein the anti-PD-1 antibody comprises a heavy chain and a light chain, wherein the heavy chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 and the light chain has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20. 38. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is cemiplimab or a bioequivalent thereof. 39. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-1 antibody selected from the group consisting of cemiplimab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, MEDI0608, BI 754091, PF-06801591, sintilimab, AGEN2034, spartalizumab, camrelizumab, JNJ-63723283, and MCLA-134. 40. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1 antibody selected from the group consisting of H1H8314N, avelumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, MDX-1105, LY3300054, FAZ053, STI-1014, CX-072, KN035, and CK-301. 41. The method according to claim 1, wherein one or more doses of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is administered in combination with one or more doses of the anti-PD-1 antibody. 42. The method according to claim 41, wherein at least one dose of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor comprises about 0.1 to about 50 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. 43. The method according to claim 41, wherein at least one dose of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor comprises about 0.05 to about 1000 mg of the inhibitor. 44. The method according to claim 41, wherein each dose of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is administered 0.5 to 12 weeks after the immediately preceding dose. 45. The method according to claim 41, wherein at least one dose of the PD-1 inhibitor comprises about 0.1 mg/kg to about 20 mg/kg of the subject's body weight. 46. The method according to claim 41, wherein at least one dose of the PD-1 inhibitor comprises about 0.05 to about 500 mg of the inhibitor. 47. The method according to claim 45, wherein each dose of the PD-1 inhibitor is administered 0.5 to 12 weeks after the immediately preceding dose. 48. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is administered concurrently with the PD-1 inhibitor. 49. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is administered prior to the PD-1 inhibitor. 50. The method according to claim 1, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is administered after the PD-1 inhibitor. 51. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method promotes tumor regression, delays tumor growth, reduces tumor cell load, reduces tumor burden, and/or prevents tumor recurrence in the patient. 52. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method promotes at least about 10% more tumor regression in the treated subject as compared to an untreated subject or a subject treated with either inhibitor as monotherapy. 53. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method leads to at least 30% or more decrease in tumor cells or tumor size as compared to an untreated subject or a subject treated with either inhibitor as monotherapy. 54. The method according to claim 1, further comprising administering at least one additional therapeutic agent or therapy. 55. The method according to claim 54, wherein the additional therapeutic agent or therapy comprises chemotherapy, cyclophosphamide, surgery, radiation, a cancer vaccine, a LAG3 inhibitor, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, a GITR agonist, a TIM3 inhibitor, a BTLA inhibitor, a TIGIT inhibitor, a CD38 inhibitor, a CD47 inhibitor, an IDO inhibitor, a VEGF antagonist, an Ang2 inhibitor, a TGFβ inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor, a VISTA inhibitor, a CD40 agonist, a CSF1R inhibitor, CCR2 inhibitor, CXCR4 inhibitor, CXCR2 inhibitor, CCR4 inhibitor, CXCL12 inhibitor, a CD28 activator, an agonist to a co-stimulatory receptor, an antibody to a tumor-specific antigen, an anti-CD3/anti-CD20 bispecific antibody, GM-CSF, a cytotoxin, a chemotherapeutic agent, an oncolytic virus, an IL-6R inhibitor, an IL-10 inhibitor, a cytokine, an ADC, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, an anti-inflammatory drug, a NSAID, and/or a dietary supplement. 56. A pharmaceutical delivery system comprising:
(a) a pharmaceutical composition comprising an IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and (b) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 57. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the pharmaceutical compositions (a) and (b) are separate from each other. 58. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the pharmaceutical composition (a) comprises one or more doses of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor. 59. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 58, wherein at least one dose comprises about 5-1000 mg of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor. 60. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the pharmaceutical composition (b) comprises one or more doses of the PD-1 inhibitor. 61. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 60, wherein at least one dose comprises about 5-500 mg of the PD-1 inhibitor. 62. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti-IL-4 antibody, an anti-IL-13 antibody, an anti-IL-4/IL-13 bispecific antibody, an IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) inhibitor, an IL-4 trap, an IL-13 trap, and an anti-IL-4R antibody. 63. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 62, wherein the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of dupilumab, pascolizumab, AMG317, MEDI2045, MEDI9314, tralokinumab, lebrikzimab, anrukinzumab, dectrekumab, GSK679586, MEDI7836, romilkimab, an IL-4 trap, an IL-13 trap, AER-003, and pitrakinra. 64. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of an anti-PD-1 antibody, an anti-PD-L1 antibody, and an anti-PD-L2 antibody. 65. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-1 antibody selected from the group consisting of cemiplimab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, MEDI0608, BI 754091, PF-06801591, sintilimab, AGEN2034, spartalizumab, camrelizumab, JNJ-63723283, and MCLA-134. 66. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is an anti-PD-L1 antibody selected from the group consisting of H1H8314N, avelumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, MDX-1105, LY3300054, FAZ053, STI-1014, CX-072, KN035, and CK-301. 67. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56, further comprising at least one additional therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of cyclophosphamide, a cancer vaccine, a LAG3 inhibitor, a CTLA-4 inhibitor, a GITR agonist, a TIM3 inhibitor, a BTLA inhibitor, a TIGIT inhibitor, a CD38 inhibitor, a CD47 inhibitor, an IDO inhibitor, a VEGF antagonist, an Ang2 inhibitor, a TGFβ inhibitor, an EGFR inhibitor, a VISTA inhibitor, a CD28 activator, a CD40 agonist, a CSF1R inhibitor, CCR2 inhibitor, CXCR4 inhibitor, CXCR2 inhibitor, CCR4 inhibitor, CXCL12 inhibitor, an agonist to a co-stimulatory receptor, an antibody to a tumor-specific antigen, an anti-CD3/anti-CD20 bispecific antibody, GM-CSF, a cytotoxin, a chemotherapeutic agent, an IL-6R inhibitor, an IL-10 inhibitor, an oncolytic virus, a cytokine, an ADC, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, an anti-inflammatory drug, a NSAID, and a dietary supplement. 68. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56 for use in treating or inhibiting the growth of a tumor. 69. The pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 68, wherein the tumor comprises a Type 2 immunity-dependent cancer. 70. A kit comprising the pharmaceutical delivery system according to claim 56 and written instructions for use of the IL-4/IL-13 pathway inhibitor in combination with the PD-1 inhibitor for treating or inhibiting the growth of a tumor. 71. (canceled) 72. (canceled) | 3,600 |
347,004 | 16,805,495 | 3,637 | A transmitter device of a bus-based communication system may add one or more padding bits, associated with providing traffic flow confidentiality for communication of a payload on a communication bus, either to the payload on a transport layer, or to one or more first frames on a data link layer. The one or more first frames may include a transport layer payload associated with the payload. The transmitter device may transmit one or more second frames, including a data link layer payload associated with the one or more first frames, on the communication bus. A receiver device of the bus-based communication system may receive the one or more second frames on the communication bus. The receiver device may process the one or more padding bits from either the one or more first frames on the data link layer, or from the payload on the transport layer. | 1. A transmitter device included in a bus-based communication system, the transmitter device comprising:
a transmitter; and one or more processors configured to:
obtain a payload to be transmitted on a communication bus of the bus-based communication system;
generate, on a transport layer, one or more first frames based on the payload, each of the one or more first frames including a first header and a respective portion of a transport layer payload,
wherein a last frame of the one or more first frames includes an authentication tag associated with the one or more first frames;
provide the one or more first frames to a data link layer;
generate, on the data link layer, one or more second frames based on the one or more first frames, each of the one or more second frames including a second header, a respective portion of a data link layer payload, and an end-of-frame indication;
add one or more padding bits, associated with providing traffic flow confidentiality for communication of the payload on the communication bus, to either:
the payload on the transport layer, or
the one or more first frames on the data link layer; and
transmit the one or more second frames on the communication bus. 2. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the bus-based communication system uses one of:
a controller area network (CAN) protocol; a CAN with flexible data-rate protocol; or a CAN extra large protocol. 3. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are added to the payload on the transport layer:
add, on the transport layer, a payload length indicator to the payload; and encrypt, on the transport layer, a result of adding the payload length indicator and adding the one or more padding bits to the payload to generate the transport layer payload. 4. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are added to the payload on the transport layer:
receive, on the transport layer, information indicating a total padded payload length; and add the one or more padding bits to the payload based on the information indicating the total padded payload length. 5. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the first header includes an indication that the transport layer payload starts with a payload length indicator when the one or more padding bits are added to the payload on the transport layer. 6. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are added to the one or more first frames on the data link layer:
encrypt, on the data link layer, a result of adding the one or more padding bits to the one or more first frames to generate the data link layer payload. 7. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are added to the one or more first frames on the data link layer:
receive, on the data link layer, information indicating a total length to be transmitted on the communication bus, the information indicating the total length being received from the transport layer; and add the one or more padding bits to the one or more first frames based on the information indicating the total length to be transmitted on the communication bus. 8. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein information that identifies a length of the transport layer payload is included in the first header when the one or more padding bits are added to the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 9. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein an encrypted payload length indicator is included in the second header when the one or more padding bits are added to the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 10. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein a separator is used to separate the one or more padding bits from the one or more first frames when the one or more padding bits are added to the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 11. A receiver device included in a bus-based communication system, comprising:
a receiver; and one or more processors configured to:
receive one or more second frames on a communication bus of the bus-based communication system, each of the one or more second frames including a second header, a respective portion of a data link layer payload, and an end-of-frame indication;
extract, on a data link layer, the data link layer payload from the one or more second frames, the data link layer payload including one or more first frames;
provide the one or more first frames to a transport layer, each of the one or more first frames including a first header and a respective portion of a transport layer payload;
extract, on the transport layer, the transport layer payload from the one or more first frames;
process one or more padding bits, associated with providing traffic flow confidentiality to communication of a payload on the communication bus, from either:
the one or more first frames on the data link layer, or
the payload on the transport layer; and
determine the payload based on the transport layer payload. 12. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein the bus-based communication system uses one of:
a controller area network (CAN) protocol; a CAN with flexible data-rate (CAN FD) protocol; or 13. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are processed from the payload on the transport layer:
decrypt, on the transport layer, the transport layer payload; determine, on the transport layer, a payload length indicator based on a result of decrypting the transport layer payload; and remove the one or more padding bits based on the payload length indicator. 14. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein the first header includes an indication that the transport layer payload starts with a payload length indicator when the one or more padding bits are processed from the payload on the transport layer. 15. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are processed from the one or more first frames on the data link layer:
decrypt, on the data link layer, the data link layer payload to determine the one or more first frames and the one or more padding bits. 16. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein information that identifies a length of the transport layer payload is included in the first header when the one or more padding bits are processed from the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 17. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein an encrypted payload length indicator is included in the second header when the one or more padding bits are processed from the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 18. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein a separator is used to separate the one or more padding bits from the one or more first frames when the one or more padding bits are processed from the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 19. A method, comprising:
adding, by a transmitter device of a bus-based communication system, one or more padding bits, associated with providing traffic flow confidentiality for communication of a payload on a communication bus of the bus-based communication system, either:
to the payload on a transport layer, or
to one or more first frames on a data link layer,
wherein the one or more first frames include a transport layer payload associated with the payload;
transmitting, by the transmitter device, one or more second frames on the communication bus, the one or more second frames including a data link layer payload associated with the one or more first frames; receiving, by a receiver device of the bus-based communication system, the one or more second frames on the communication bus; and processing, by the receiver device, the one or more padding bits either:
from the one or more first frames on the data link layer, or
from the payload on the transport layer. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the bus-based communication system uses one of:
a controller area network (CAN) protocol; a CAN with flexible data-rate protocol; or a CAN extra large protocol. | A transmitter device of a bus-based communication system may add one or more padding bits, associated with providing traffic flow confidentiality for communication of a payload on a communication bus, either to the payload on a transport layer, or to one or more first frames on a data link layer. The one or more first frames may include a transport layer payload associated with the payload. The transmitter device may transmit one or more second frames, including a data link layer payload associated with the one or more first frames, on the communication bus. A receiver device of the bus-based communication system may receive the one or more second frames on the communication bus. The receiver device may process the one or more padding bits from either the one or more first frames on the data link layer, or from the payload on the transport layer.1. A transmitter device included in a bus-based communication system, the transmitter device comprising:
a transmitter; and one or more processors configured to:
obtain a payload to be transmitted on a communication bus of the bus-based communication system;
generate, on a transport layer, one or more first frames based on the payload, each of the one or more first frames including a first header and a respective portion of a transport layer payload,
wherein a last frame of the one or more first frames includes an authentication tag associated with the one or more first frames;
provide the one or more first frames to a data link layer;
generate, on the data link layer, one or more second frames based on the one or more first frames, each of the one or more second frames including a second header, a respective portion of a data link layer payload, and an end-of-frame indication;
add one or more padding bits, associated with providing traffic flow confidentiality for communication of the payload on the communication bus, to either:
the payload on the transport layer, or
the one or more first frames on the data link layer; and
transmit the one or more second frames on the communication bus. 2. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the bus-based communication system uses one of:
a controller area network (CAN) protocol; a CAN with flexible data-rate protocol; or a CAN extra large protocol. 3. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are added to the payload on the transport layer:
add, on the transport layer, a payload length indicator to the payload; and encrypt, on the transport layer, a result of adding the payload length indicator and adding the one or more padding bits to the payload to generate the transport layer payload. 4. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are added to the payload on the transport layer:
receive, on the transport layer, information indicating a total padded payload length; and add the one or more padding bits to the payload based on the information indicating the total padded payload length. 5. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the first header includes an indication that the transport layer payload starts with a payload length indicator when the one or more padding bits are added to the payload on the transport layer. 6. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are added to the one or more first frames on the data link layer:
encrypt, on the data link layer, a result of adding the one or more padding bits to the one or more first frames to generate the data link layer payload. 7. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are added to the one or more first frames on the data link layer:
receive, on the data link layer, information indicating a total length to be transmitted on the communication bus, the information indicating the total length being received from the transport layer; and add the one or more padding bits to the one or more first frames based on the information indicating the total length to be transmitted on the communication bus. 8. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein information that identifies a length of the transport layer payload is included in the first header when the one or more padding bits are added to the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 9. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein an encrypted payload length indicator is included in the second header when the one or more padding bits are added to the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 10. The transmitter device of claim 1, wherein a separator is used to separate the one or more padding bits from the one or more first frames when the one or more padding bits are added to the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 11. A receiver device included in a bus-based communication system, comprising:
a receiver; and one or more processors configured to:
receive one or more second frames on a communication bus of the bus-based communication system, each of the one or more second frames including a second header, a respective portion of a data link layer payload, and an end-of-frame indication;
extract, on a data link layer, the data link layer payload from the one or more second frames, the data link layer payload including one or more first frames;
provide the one or more first frames to a transport layer, each of the one or more first frames including a first header and a respective portion of a transport layer payload;
extract, on the transport layer, the transport layer payload from the one or more first frames;
process one or more padding bits, associated with providing traffic flow confidentiality to communication of a payload on the communication bus, from either:
the one or more first frames on the data link layer, or
the payload on the transport layer; and
determine the payload based on the transport layer payload. 12. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein the bus-based communication system uses one of:
a controller area network (CAN) protocol; a CAN with flexible data-rate (CAN FD) protocol; or 13. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are processed from the payload on the transport layer:
decrypt, on the transport layer, the transport layer payload; determine, on the transport layer, a payload length indicator based on a result of decrypting the transport layer payload; and remove the one or more padding bits based on the payload length indicator. 14. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein the first header includes an indication that the transport layer payload starts with a payload length indicator when the one or more padding bits are processed from the payload on the transport layer. 15. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to, when the one or more padding bits are processed from the one or more first frames on the data link layer:
decrypt, on the data link layer, the data link layer payload to determine the one or more first frames and the one or more padding bits. 16. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein information that identifies a length of the transport layer payload is included in the first header when the one or more padding bits are processed from the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 17. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein an encrypted payload length indicator is included in the second header when the one or more padding bits are processed from the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 18. The receiver device of claim 11, wherein a separator is used to separate the one or more padding bits from the one or more first frames when the one or more padding bits are processed from the one or more first frames on the data link layer. 19. A method, comprising:
adding, by a transmitter device of a bus-based communication system, one or more padding bits, associated with providing traffic flow confidentiality for communication of a payload on a communication bus of the bus-based communication system, either:
to the payload on a transport layer, or
to one or more first frames on a data link layer,
wherein the one or more first frames include a transport layer payload associated with the payload;
transmitting, by the transmitter device, one or more second frames on the communication bus, the one or more second frames including a data link layer payload associated with the one or more first frames; receiving, by a receiver device of the bus-based communication system, the one or more second frames on the communication bus; and processing, by the receiver device, the one or more padding bits either:
from the one or more first frames on the data link layer, or
from the payload on the transport layer. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the bus-based communication system uses one of:
a controller area network (CAN) protocol; a CAN with flexible data-rate protocol; or a CAN extra large protocol. | 3,600 |
347,005 | 16,805,476 | 3,637 | A security framework and methodology is provided which provides front-end security through authentication and authorization, and back-end security through a virtual private data-store created within an insecure environment using existing object-relational mapping (ORM) layers or database drivers. The front-end security utilizes numerous multi-factor authentication metrics and a distributed denial of service (DDoS) cryptographic boundary to proactively attack malicious users using a cryptographic puzzle, and the back-end security provides data encryption and decryption, data privacy, data integrity, key management, pattern monitoring, audit trails and security alerts while simultaneously hiding the complexity behind an identical or similar ORM or database drive application programming interface (API). | 1. A system for securing application data, the system comprising:
a multifactor authentication (MFA) server performing a plurality of user and client authentications; a distributed denial of service (DDoS) protection server sending cryptographic puzzles to requesting clients; and an application server hosting a virtual private data-store for application data, the application server comprising:
an application configured to generate the application data,
an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) layer configured to convert the application data into values that can be stored in a database,
a data security module (DSM) configured to provide security processing for the application date, wherein security processing comprises at least some of data encryption and decryption, tamper protection, data privacy, key management, key access pattern monitoring, and generation of security alerts and events; and
a DSM-ORM adaptor, communicatively coupled between the ORM later and the DSM, which routes and maps sensitive data flowing from the application to the database, and vice versa, through the ORM, wherein the DSM-ORM adaptor determines whether the data is sensitive data based on at least one of an event, function pointer, hook, or similar mechanism. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a key management server coupled with the DSM, the key management server configured to store keys for use by the DSM in encrypting and decrypting sensitive data as is flows from the application to the database and vice versa. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a database server, and wherein the application server further comprises a database driver communicatively coupled with the database server and the ORM layer. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a file server, and wherein the application server further comprises a database driver communicatively coupled with the file server and a file system module. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the DSM is part of the ORM layer. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the ORM layer is part of the database driver. 7. The system of claim 3, wherein the ORM layer is part of the database server. 8. A system for securing application data, the system comprising:
an application server hosting a virtual private data-store for application data, the application server comprising:
an application configured to generate the application data,
an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) layer configured to convert the application data into values that can be stored in a database,
a data security module (DSM) configured to provide security processing for the application date, wherein security processing comprises at least some of data encryption and decryption, tamper protection, data privacy, key management, key access pattern monitoring, and generation of security alerts and events, and
a DSM-ORM adaptor, communicatively coupled between the ORM later and the DSM, which routes and maps sensitive data flowing from the application to the database, and vice versa, through the ORM, wherein the DSM-ORM adaptor determines whether the data is sensitive data based on at least one of an event, function pointer, hook, or similar mechanism. 9. The system of claim 8, further comprising a key management server coupled with the DSM, the key management server configured to store keys for use by the DSM in encrypting and decrypting sensitive data as is flows from the application to the database and vice versa. 10. The system of claim 8, further comprising a database server, and wherein the application server further comprises a database driver communicatively coupled with the database server and the ORM layer. 11. The system of claim 8, further comprising a file server, and wherein the application server further comprises a database driver communicatively coupled with the file server and a file system module. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the DSM is part of the ORM layer. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the ORM layer is part of the database driver. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the ORM layer is part of the database server. | A security framework and methodology is provided which provides front-end security through authentication and authorization, and back-end security through a virtual private data-store created within an insecure environment using existing object-relational mapping (ORM) layers or database drivers. The front-end security utilizes numerous multi-factor authentication metrics and a distributed denial of service (DDoS) cryptographic boundary to proactively attack malicious users using a cryptographic puzzle, and the back-end security provides data encryption and decryption, data privacy, data integrity, key management, pattern monitoring, audit trails and security alerts while simultaneously hiding the complexity behind an identical or similar ORM or database drive application programming interface (API).1. A system for securing application data, the system comprising:
a multifactor authentication (MFA) server performing a plurality of user and client authentications; a distributed denial of service (DDoS) protection server sending cryptographic puzzles to requesting clients; and an application server hosting a virtual private data-store for application data, the application server comprising:
an application configured to generate the application data,
an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) layer configured to convert the application data into values that can be stored in a database,
a data security module (DSM) configured to provide security processing for the application date, wherein security processing comprises at least some of data encryption and decryption, tamper protection, data privacy, key management, key access pattern monitoring, and generation of security alerts and events; and
a DSM-ORM adaptor, communicatively coupled between the ORM later and the DSM, which routes and maps sensitive data flowing from the application to the database, and vice versa, through the ORM, wherein the DSM-ORM adaptor determines whether the data is sensitive data based on at least one of an event, function pointer, hook, or similar mechanism. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a key management server coupled with the DSM, the key management server configured to store keys for use by the DSM in encrypting and decrypting sensitive data as is flows from the application to the database and vice versa. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a database server, and wherein the application server further comprises a database driver communicatively coupled with the database server and the ORM layer. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a file server, and wherein the application server further comprises a database driver communicatively coupled with the file server and a file system module. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the DSM is part of the ORM layer. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the ORM layer is part of the database driver. 7. The system of claim 3, wherein the ORM layer is part of the database server. 8. A system for securing application data, the system comprising:
an application server hosting a virtual private data-store for application data, the application server comprising:
an application configured to generate the application data,
an Object Relational Mapping (ORM) layer configured to convert the application data into values that can be stored in a database,
a data security module (DSM) configured to provide security processing for the application date, wherein security processing comprises at least some of data encryption and decryption, tamper protection, data privacy, key management, key access pattern monitoring, and generation of security alerts and events, and
a DSM-ORM adaptor, communicatively coupled between the ORM later and the DSM, which routes and maps sensitive data flowing from the application to the database, and vice versa, through the ORM, wherein the DSM-ORM adaptor determines whether the data is sensitive data based on at least one of an event, function pointer, hook, or similar mechanism. 9. The system of claim 8, further comprising a key management server coupled with the DSM, the key management server configured to store keys for use by the DSM in encrypting and decrypting sensitive data as is flows from the application to the database and vice versa. 10. The system of claim 8, further comprising a database server, and wherein the application server further comprises a database driver communicatively coupled with the database server and the ORM layer. 11. The system of claim 8, further comprising a file server, and wherein the application server further comprises a database driver communicatively coupled with the file server and a file system module. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the DSM is part of the ORM layer. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the ORM layer is part of the database driver. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the ORM layer is part of the database server. | 3,600 |
347,006 | 16,805,498 | 3,637 | Implementations of a wearable radio frequency (RF) detector are provided. The wearable RF detector is configured to monitor environmental electromagnetic radiation and comprises a high sensitivity, high linearity RF detection circuit that is paired with a compact, broadband, non-resonant antenna. This combination enables a physically small, yet accurate, detector to be built. An exemplary implementation of the wearable radio frequency detector comprises: an electronic circuit configured to monitor environmental electromagnetic radiation within a frequency band of interest; the electronic circuit comprises a radio frequency detection circuit and a non-resonant antenna that lacks resonant modes in the frequency band of interest; wherein the radio frequency detection circuit, in conjunction with the non-resonant antenna, facilitates the monitoring of environmental electromagnetic radiation within the frequency band of interest. In some implementations, the electronic circuit is contained within a housing that includes a wristband. | 1. A wearable radio frequency detector comprising:
an electronic circuit configured to monitor environmental electromagnetic radiation within a frequency band of interest; the electronic circuit comprises a radio frequency detection circuit and a non-resonant antenna that lacks resonant modes in the frequency band of interest; wherein the radio frequency detection circuit, in conjunction with the non-resonant antenna, facilitates the monitoring of environmental electromagnetic radiation within the frequency band of interest. 2. The radio frequency detector of claim 1, wherein the non-resonant antenna is a rectangular patch antenna. 3. The radio frequency detector of claim 1, wherein the frequency band of interest is the microwave band. 4. A wearable radio frequency detector comprising:
a housing with a wristband, the housing contains an electronic circuit configured to monitor environmental electromagnetic radiation within a frequency band of interest, the electronic circuit comprises a radio frequency detection circuit and a non-resonant antenna that lacks resonant modes in the frequency band of interest; wherein the radio frequency detection circuit, in conjunction with the non-resonant antenna, facilitates the monitoring of environmental electromagnetic radiation within the frequency band of interest. 5. The radio frequency detector of claim 4, wherein the non-resonant antenna is a rectangular patch antenna. 6. The radio frequency detector of claim 4, wherein the frequency band of interest is the microwave band. 7. A wearable radio frequency detector comprising:
a housing with a wristband, the housing contains an electronic circuit configured to monitor environmental electromagnetic radiation within a frequency band of interest, the electronic circuit comprises: a microprocessor; an ON/OFF switch for the electronic circuit; a power source for the electronic circuit; and RF measurement components, the RF measurement components include a radio frequency detection circuit and a non-resonant antenna that lacks resonant modes in the frequency band of interest; wherein the radio frequency detection circuit, in conjunction with the non-resonant antenna, facilitates the monitoring of environmental electromagnetic radiation within the frequency band of interest. 8. The radio frequency detector of claim 7, wherein the radio frequency detection circuit includes a broadband amplifier configured to measure a logarithmic input and to provide a linear output used to calculate power and frequency of electromagnetic radiation within the frequency band of interest. 9. The radio frequency detector of claim 8, wherein the electronic circuit comprises an analog-to-digital convertor connected to the radio frequency detection circuit, the analog-to-digital convertor facilitates analog measurement of electromagnetic radiation detected by the non-resonant antenna. 10. The radio frequency detector of claim 9 wherein the electronic circuit comprises a linear regulator positioned between the power source and the RF measurement components, the linear regulator acts as a low-noise power source for the RF measurement components of the electronic circuit. 11. The radio frequency detector of claim 7, wherein the frequency band of interest is the microwave band. | Implementations of a wearable radio frequency (RF) detector are provided. The wearable RF detector is configured to monitor environmental electromagnetic radiation and comprises a high sensitivity, high linearity RF detection circuit that is paired with a compact, broadband, non-resonant antenna. This combination enables a physically small, yet accurate, detector to be built. An exemplary implementation of the wearable radio frequency detector comprises: an electronic circuit configured to monitor environmental electromagnetic radiation within a frequency band of interest; the electronic circuit comprises a radio frequency detection circuit and a non-resonant antenna that lacks resonant modes in the frequency band of interest; wherein the radio frequency detection circuit, in conjunction with the non-resonant antenna, facilitates the monitoring of environmental electromagnetic radiation within the frequency band of interest. In some implementations, the electronic circuit is contained within a housing that includes a wristband.1. A wearable radio frequency detector comprising:
an electronic circuit configured to monitor environmental electromagnetic radiation within a frequency band of interest; the electronic circuit comprises a radio frequency detection circuit and a non-resonant antenna that lacks resonant modes in the frequency band of interest; wherein the radio frequency detection circuit, in conjunction with the non-resonant antenna, facilitates the monitoring of environmental electromagnetic radiation within the frequency band of interest. 2. The radio frequency detector of claim 1, wherein the non-resonant antenna is a rectangular patch antenna. 3. The radio frequency detector of claim 1, wherein the frequency band of interest is the microwave band. 4. A wearable radio frequency detector comprising:
a housing with a wristband, the housing contains an electronic circuit configured to monitor environmental electromagnetic radiation within a frequency band of interest, the electronic circuit comprises a radio frequency detection circuit and a non-resonant antenna that lacks resonant modes in the frequency band of interest; wherein the radio frequency detection circuit, in conjunction with the non-resonant antenna, facilitates the monitoring of environmental electromagnetic radiation within the frequency band of interest. 5. The radio frequency detector of claim 4, wherein the non-resonant antenna is a rectangular patch antenna. 6. The radio frequency detector of claim 4, wherein the frequency band of interest is the microwave band. 7. A wearable radio frequency detector comprising:
a housing with a wristband, the housing contains an electronic circuit configured to monitor environmental electromagnetic radiation within a frequency band of interest, the electronic circuit comprises: a microprocessor; an ON/OFF switch for the electronic circuit; a power source for the electronic circuit; and RF measurement components, the RF measurement components include a radio frequency detection circuit and a non-resonant antenna that lacks resonant modes in the frequency band of interest; wherein the radio frequency detection circuit, in conjunction with the non-resonant antenna, facilitates the monitoring of environmental electromagnetic radiation within the frequency band of interest. 8. The radio frequency detector of claim 7, wherein the radio frequency detection circuit includes a broadband amplifier configured to measure a logarithmic input and to provide a linear output used to calculate power and frequency of electromagnetic radiation within the frequency band of interest. 9. The radio frequency detector of claim 8, wherein the electronic circuit comprises an analog-to-digital convertor connected to the radio frequency detection circuit, the analog-to-digital convertor facilitates analog measurement of electromagnetic radiation detected by the non-resonant antenna. 10. The radio frequency detector of claim 9 wherein the electronic circuit comprises a linear regulator positioned between the power source and the RF measurement components, the linear regulator acts as a low-noise power source for the RF measurement components of the electronic circuit. 11. The radio frequency detector of claim 7, wherein the frequency band of interest is the microwave band. | 3,600 |
347,007 | 16,805,471 | 3,637 | Acoustic resonator devices and filters are disclosed. An acoustic resonator includes a substrate having a surface and a single-crystal piezoelectric plate having parallel front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to the surface of the substrate. An interdigital transducer (IDT) is formed on the front surface of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate. The IDT is configured to excite a primary acoustic mode in the diaphragm in response to a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT. A pitch between adjacent fingers of the IDT is varied along one or both of an aperture of the IDT and a length of the IDT. | 1. An acoustic resonator device comprising:
a substrate having a surface; a single-crystal piezoelectric plate having front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to the surface of the substrate; and an interdigital transducer (IDT) including interleaved fingers formed on the front surface of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate, the IDT comprising:
a first pitch/mark zone having a pitch between adjacent interleaved fingers equal to a first pitch value P1 and a mark of the interleaved fingers equal to a first mark value M1, and
a second pitch/mark zone having a pitch between adjacent interleaved fingers equal to a second pitch value P2 not equal to P1 and a mark of the interleaved fingers equal to a second mark value M2 not equal to M1,
wherein a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT causes excitation of the same shear primary acoustic mode by both the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone. 2. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, wherein
a portion of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate forms a diaphragm spanning a cavity in the substrate, and the interleaved fingers of the IDT are disposed on the diaphragm. 3. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, further comprising:
an acoustic Bragg reflector sandwiched between the surface of the substrate and the back surface of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate. 4. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency signal applied to the IDT causes excitation of different spurious acoustic modes by the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone. 5. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, wherein
the IDT comprises multiple first pitch/mark zones and multiple second pitch/marks zones, the first and second pitch/mark zones alternating along a length of the IDT. 6. The acoustic resonator device of claim 5, wherein
each first pitch/mark zone and each second pitch/mark zone comprises two or more pairs of interleaved fingers. 7. The acoustic resonator device of claim 5, wherein
the IDT comprises two or more unit cells juxtaposed along the length of the IDT, each unit cell comprising at least one first pitch/mark zone and at least one second pitch/mark zone. 8. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, further comprising:
three or more pitch/mark zones including the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone, each of the three or more pitch/mark zones having a pitch between adjacent interleaved fingers equal to a respective unique pitch value and a mark of the interleaved fingers equal to a respective unique mark value, wherein a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT causes excitation of the same shear primary acoustic mode by all of the three or more pitch/mark zones. 9. The acoustic resonator device of claim 6, wherein
the IDT rotates between the three or more pitch/mark zones along a length of the IDT. 10. The acoustic resonator device of claim 7, wherein
every pitch/mark zone comprises two or more pairs of interleaved fingers. 11. The acoustic resonator device of claim 7, wherein
the IDT comprises two or more unit cells juxtaposed along the length of the IDT, each unit cell comprising all of the three or more pitch/mark zones. 12. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, wherein
the IDT includes a transition between the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone across the aperture of the IDT. 13. The acoustic resonator device of claim 10, wherein
the transition between the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone comprises one or more steps. 14. The acoustic resonator device of claim 10, wherein
the transition between the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone is continuous. 15. The acoustic resonator device of claim 14, wherein
the IDT comprises a first set of first fingers extending from a first busbar interleaved with a second set of fingers extending from a second busbar, a mark of each first finger tapers between M1 and M2 across the aperture of the IDT, a mark of each second finger is (M1+M2)/2 and a portion of each second finger within the aperture is not perpendicular to the second bus bar. 16. The acoustic resonator device of claim 15, wherein
an angle between the portion of each second finger within the aperture and the second busbar is 90°±arctangent((P2−P1)/AP), where AP is a distance across the aperture of the IDT. 17. The acoustic resonator device of claim 12, wherein
the IDT comprises two or more unit cells juxtaposed along the length of the IDT, each unit cell including at least one transition between the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone across the aperture of the IDT. 18. An acoustic resonator device comprising:
a substrate having a surface; a single-crystal piezoelectric plate having front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to the surface of the substrate; and an interdigital transducer (IDT) including interleaved fingers formed on the front surface of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate, wherein the IDT transitions between a first pitch/mark combination and a second pitch/mark combination along a length of the IDT, and a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT causes excitation of the same shear primary acoustic mode by both the first pitch/mark combination and the second pitch/mark combination. 19. An acoustic resonator device comprising:
a substrate having a surface; a single-crystal piezoelectric plate having front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to the surface of the substrate; and an interdigital transducer (IDT) including interleaved fingers formed on the front surface of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate, wherein the IDT transitions between a first pitch/mark combination and a second pitch/mark across an aperture of the IDT, and a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT causes excitation of the same shear primary acoustic mode by both the first pitch/mark combination and the second pitch/mark combination. | Acoustic resonator devices and filters are disclosed. An acoustic resonator includes a substrate having a surface and a single-crystal piezoelectric plate having parallel front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to the surface of the substrate. An interdigital transducer (IDT) is formed on the front surface of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate. The IDT is configured to excite a primary acoustic mode in the diaphragm in response to a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT. A pitch between adjacent fingers of the IDT is varied along one or both of an aperture of the IDT and a length of the IDT.1. An acoustic resonator device comprising:
a substrate having a surface; a single-crystal piezoelectric plate having front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to the surface of the substrate; and an interdigital transducer (IDT) including interleaved fingers formed on the front surface of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate, the IDT comprising:
a first pitch/mark zone having a pitch between adjacent interleaved fingers equal to a first pitch value P1 and a mark of the interleaved fingers equal to a first mark value M1, and
a second pitch/mark zone having a pitch between adjacent interleaved fingers equal to a second pitch value P2 not equal to P1 and a mark of the interleaved fingers equal to a second mark value M2 not equal to M1,
wherein a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT causes excitation of the same shear primary acoustic mode by both the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone. 2. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, wherein
a portion of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate forms a diaphragm spanning a cavity in the substrate, and the interleaved fingers of the IDT are disposed on the diaphragm. 3. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, further comprising:
an acoustic Bragg reflector sandwiched between the surface of the substrate and the back surface of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate. 4. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency signal applied to the IDT causes excitation of different spurious acoustic modes by the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone. 5. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, wherein
the IDT comprises multiple first pitch/mark zones and multiple second pitch/marks zones, the first and second pitch/mark zones alternating along a length of the IDT. 6. The acoustic resonator device of claim 5, wherein
each first pitch/mark zone and each second pitch/mark zone comprises two or more pairs of interleaved fingers. 7. The acoustic resonator device of claim 5, wherein
the IDT comprises two or more unit cells juxtaposed along the length of the IDT, each unit cell comprising at least one first pitch/mark zone and at least one second pitch/mark zone. 8. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, further comprising:
three or more pitch/mark zones including the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone, each of the three or more pitch/mark zones having a pitch between adjacent interleaved fingers equal to a respective unique pitch value and a mark of the interleaved fingers equal to a respective unique mark value, wherein a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT causes excitation of the same shear primary acoustic mode by all of the three or more pitch/mark zones. 9. The acoustic resonator device of claim 6, wherein
the IDT rotates between the three or more pitch/mark zones along a length of the IDT. 10. The acoustic resonator device of claim 7, wherein
every pitch/mark zone comprises two or more pairs of interleaved fingers. 11. The acoustic resonator device of claim 7, wherein
the IDT comprises two or more unit cells juxtaposed along the length of the IDT, each unit cell comprising all of the three or more pitch/mark zones. 12. The acoustic resonator device of claim 1, wherein
the IDT includes a transition between the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone across the aperture of the IDT. 13. The acoustic resonator device of claim 10, wherein
the transition between the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone comprises one or more steps. 14. The acoustic resonator device of claim 10, wherein
the transition between the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone is continuous. 15. The acoustic resonator device of claim 14, wherein
the IDT comprises a first set of first fingers extending from a first busbar interleaved with a second set of fingers extending from a second busbar, a mark of each first finger tapers between M1 and M2 across the aperture of the IDT, a mark of each second finger is (M1+M2)/2 and a portion of each second finger within the aperture is not perpendicular to the second bus bar. 16. The acoustic resonator device of claim 15, wherein
an angle between the portion of each second finger within the aperture and the second busbar is 90°±arctangent((P2−P1)/AP), where AP is a distance across the aperture of the IDT. 17. The acoustic resonator device of claim 12, wherein
the IDT comprises two or more unit cells juxtaposed along the length of the IDT, each unit cell including at least one transition between the first pitch/mark zone and the second pitch/mark zone across the aperture of the IDT. 18. An acoustic resonator device comprising:
a substrate having a surface; a single-crystal piezoelectric plate having front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to the surface of the substrate; and an interdigital transducer (IDT) including interleaved fingers formed on the front surface of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate, wherein the IDT transitions between a first pitch/mark combination and a second pitch/mark combination along a length of the IDT, and a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT causes excitation of the same shear primary acoustic mode by both the first pitch/mark combination and the second pitch/mark combination. 19. An acoustic resonator device comprising:
a substrate having a surface; a single-crystal piezoelectric plate having front and back surfaces, the back surface attached to the surface of the substrate; and an interdigital transducer (IDT) including interleaved fingers formed on the front surface of the single-crystal piezoelectric plate, wherein the IDT transitions between a first pitch/mark combination and a second pitch/mark across an aperture of the IDT, and a radio frequency signal applied to the IDT causes excitation of the same shear primary acoustic mode by both the first pitch/mark combination and the second pitch/mark combination. | 3,600 |
347,008 | 16,805,500 | 2,487 | Provided is an image processing apparatus including a decoding section that decodes a luminance component and a color difference component of a block inside a coding unit in an order of the luminance component and the color difference component in each block. | 1. An image processing device comprising:
circuitry configured to
encode a plurality of coding blocks sequentially according to a processing order assigned to a current coding block, of the plurality of coding blocks, including first block, second block, third block, and fourth block as a first luma block in the first block, a first Cb block in the first block, a first Cr block in the first block, a second luma block in the second block, a second Cb block in the second block, a second Cr block in the second block, a third luma block in the third block, a third Cb block in the third block, a third Cr block in the third block, a fourth luma block in the fourth block, a fourth Cb block in the fourth block, a fourth Cr block in the fourth block. 2. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the processing order for the current coding block is assigned, in order from (1) to (12), of: (1) encoding the first luma block in the first block; then (2) encoding the first Cb block in the first block; then (3) encoding the first Cr block in the first block; then (4) encoding the second luma block in the second block; then (5) encoding the second Cb block in the second block; then (6) encoding the second Cr block in the second block; then (7) encoding the third luma block in the third block; then (8) encoding the third Cb block in the third block; then (9) encoding the third Cr block in the third block; then (10) encoding the fourth luma block in the fourth block; then (11) encoding the fourth Cb block in the fourth block; and then (12) encoding the fourth Cr block in the fourth block. 3. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the current coding block and the plurality of coding blocks are included in a Largest Coding Unit (LCU). 4. The image processing device according to claim 3, wherein the circuitry is further configured to
encode the current coding block in a format in which the number of chroma pixels is vertically and horizontally different from the number of luma pixels. 5. The image processing device according to claim 4, wherein
the format is 4:2:0. 6. An image processing method comprising:
encoding a plurality of coding blocks sequentially according to a processing order assigned to a current coding block, of the plurality of coding blocks, including first block, second block, third block, and fourth block as a first luma block in the first block, a first Cb block in the first block, a first Cr block in the first block, a second luma block in the second block, a second Cb block in the second block, a second Cr block in the second block, a third luma block in the third block, a third Cb block in the third block, a third Cr block in the third block, a fourth luma block in the fourth block, a fourth Cb block in the fourth block, a fourth Cr block in the fourth block. 7. The image processing method according to claim 6, wherein
the processing order for the current coding block is assigned, in order from (1) to (12), of: (1) encoding the first luma block in the first block; then (2) encoding the first Cb block in the first block; then (3) encoding the first Cr block in the first block; then (4) encoding the second luma block in the second block; then (5) encoding the second Cb block in the second block; then (6) encoding the second Cr block in the second block; then (7) encoding the third luma block in the third block; then (8) encoding the third Cb block in the third block; then (9) encoding the third Cr block in the third block; then (10) encoding the fourth luma block in the fourth block; then (11) encoding the fourth Cb block in the fourth block; and then (12) encoding the fourth Cr block in the fourth block. 8. The image processing method according to claim 6, wherein the current coding block and the plurality of coding blocks are included in a Largest Coding Unit (LCU). 9. The image processing method according to claim 8, wherein
the current coding block is encoded in a format in which the number of chroma pixels is vertically and horizontally different from the number of luma pixels. 10. The image processing method according to claim 9, wherein
the format is 4:2:0. | Provided is an image processing apparatus including a decoding section that decodes a luminance component and a color difference component of a block inside a coding unit in an order of the luminance component and the color difference component in each block.1. An image processing device comprising:
circuitry configured to
encode a plurality of coding blocks sequentially according to a processing order assigned to a current coding block, of the plurality of coding blocks, including first block, second block, third block, and fourth block as a first luma block in the first block, a first Cb block in the first block, a first Cr block in the first block, a second luma block in the second block, a second Cb block in the second block, a second Cr block in the second block, a third luma block in the third block, a third Cb block in the third block, a third Cr block in the third block, a fourth luma block in the fourth block, a fourth Cb block in the fourth block, a fourth Cr block in the fourth block. 2. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the processing order for the current coding block is assigned, in order from (1) to (12), of: (1) encoding the first luma block in the first block; then (2) encoding the first Cb block in the first block; then (3) encoding the first Cr block in the first block; then (4) encoding the second luma block in the second block; then (5) encoding the second Cb block in the second block; then (6) encoding the second Cr block in the second block; then (7) encoding the third luma block in the third block; then (8) encoding the third Cb block in the third block; then (9) encoding the third Cr block in the third block; then (10) encoding the fourth luma block in the fourth block; then (11) encoding the fourth Cb block in the fourth block; and then (12) encoding the fourth Cr block in the fourth block. 3. The image processing device according to claim 1, wherein
the current coding block and the plurality of coding blocks are included in a Largest Coding Unit (LCU). 4. The image processing device according to claim 3, wherein the circuitry is further configured to
encode the current coding block in a format in which the number of chroma pixels is vertically and horizontally different from the number of luma pixels. 5. The image processing device according to claim 4, wherein
the format is 4:2:0. 6. An image processing method comprising:
encoding a plurality of coding blocks sequentially according to a processing order assigned to a current coding block, of the plurality of coding blocks, including first block, second block, third block, and fourth block as a first luma block in the first block, a first Cb block in the first block, a first Cr block in the first block, a second luma block in the second block, a second Cb block in the second block, a second Cr block in the second block, a third luma block in the third block, a third Cb block in the third block, a third Cr block in the third block, a fourth luma block in the fourth block, a fourth Cb block in the fourth block, a fourth Cr block in the fourth block. 7. The image processing method according to claim 6, wherein
the processing order for the current coding block is assigned, in order from (1) to (12), of: (1) encoding the first luma block in the first block; then (2) encoding the first Cb block in the first block; then (3) encoding the first Cr block in the first block; then (4) encoding the second luma block in the second block; then (5) encoding the second Cb block in the second block; then (6) encoding the second Cr block in the second block; then (7) encoding the third luma block in the third block; then (8) encoding the third Cb block in the third block; then (9) encoding the third Cr block in the third block; then (10) encoding the fourth luma block in the fourth block; then (11) encoding the fourth Cb block in the fourth block; and then (12) encoding the fourth Cr block in the fourth block. 8. The image processing method according to claim 6, wherein the current coding block and the plurality of coding blocks are included in a Largest Coding Unit (LCU). 9. The image processing method according to claim 8, wherein
the current coding block is encoded in a format in which the number of chroma pixels is vertically and horizontally different from the number of luma pixels. 10. The image processing method according to claim 9, wherein
the format is 4:2:0. | 2,400 |
347,009 | 16,805,480 | 2,487 | Methods and apparatus relating to techniques for avoiding cache lookup for cold cache. In an example, an apparatus comprises logic, at least partially comprising hardware logic, to collect user information for a user of a data processing device, generate a user profile for the user of the data processing device from the user information, and set a power profile a processor in the data processing device using the user profile. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed. | 1-18. (canceled) 19. An apparatus comprising:
one or more processors including a graphical processing unit (GPU), the GPU including a graphics processing pipeline, the graphics processing pipeline including a plurality of stages; and a memory to store data, including graphics data processed by the graphics processing pipeline; wherein the apparatus is to:
collect one or more performance metrics associated with operation of each stage of the plurality of stages of the graphics processing pipeline, and
adjust at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for one or more stages of the plurality of stages based at least in part on the one or more performance metrics for each stage. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein adjusting at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for the one or more stages includes the apparatus to:
determining a level of activity for each stage the plurality of stages utilizing at least the one or more performance metrics; and adjust at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for the one or more stages based at least in part on the determined level of activity for each stage of the plurality of stages. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the apparatus is to perform one or more of:
increase the operating voltage or operating frequency for a first stage that is determined to have a higher level of activity in the plurality of stages; or decrease the operating voltage or operating frequency for a second stage that is determined to have a lower level of activity in the plurality of stages. 22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein, for a compute-bound workload processed by the graphics processing pipeline, the apparatus is to:
increase at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline; and decrease at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline. 23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein, for a workload implementing memory instructions processed by the graphics processing pipeline, the apparatus is to:
increase at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline; and decrease at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline. 24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the plurality of stages of the graphic processing pipeline including one or more of:
a thread dispatcher; one or more processing elements; one or more data ports; one or more cache memories; and one or more memory controllers. 25. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a controller to perform processor power management, the controller to collect the one or more performance metrics associated with operation of each stage of the plurality of stages, and to adjust the at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for the one or more stages. 26. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the apparatus includes a system on chip (SoC) integrated circuit. 27. At least one non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions that when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
processing graphics data utilizing a graphics processing pipeline of a graphical processing unit (GPU), the graphics processing pipeline including a plurality of stages; collecting one or more performance metrics associated with operation of each stage of the plurality of stages; and adjust at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for one or more stages of the plurality of stages based at least in part on the one or more performance metrics for the plurality of stages. 28. The medium of claim 27, wherein adjusting at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for the one or more stages includes:
determining a level of activity for each stage of the plurality of stages utilizing at least the one or more performance metrics; and adjusting at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for the one or more stages based at least in part on the determined level of activity for each stage of the plurality of stages. 29. The medium of claim 28, further comprising instructions that when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising one or more of:
increasing the operating voltage or operating frequency for a first stage that is determined to have a higher level of activity in the plurality of stages; or decreasing the operating voltage or operating frequency for a second stage that is determined to have a lower level of activity in the plurality of stages. 30. The medium of claim 28, wherein a workload for the graphics processing pipeline is a compute-bound workload, and further comprising instructions that when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
increasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline; and decreasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline. 31. The medium of claim 28, wherein a workload for the graphics processing pipeline implements memory instructions processed by the graphics processing pipeline, and further comprising instructions that when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
increasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline; and decreasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline. 32. A method comprising:
processing graphics data at a computing system utilizing a graphics processing pipeline, the computing system including one or more processors including a graphical processing unit (GPU), the graphics processing pipeline including a plurality of stages; collecting one or more performance metrics associated with operation of each stage of the plurality of stages; and performing processor power management for the one or more processors based at least in part on the one or more performance metrics for plurality of stages, including adjusting at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for one or more stages of the plurality of stages. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein adjusting at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for the one or more stages includes:
determining a level of activity for each stage of the plurality of stages utilizing at least the one or more performance metrics; and including adjusting at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for the one or more stages based at least in part on the determined level of activity for each stage of the plurality of stages. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
increasing the operating voltage or operating frequency for a first stage that is determined to have a higher level of activity in the plurality of stages; or decreasing the operating voltage or operating frequency for a second stage that is determined to have a higher level of activity in the plurality of stages. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein a workload for the graphics processing pipeline is a compute-bound workload, and further comprising:
increasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline; and decreasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein a workload for the graphics processing pipeline implements memory instructions processed by the graphics processing pipeline, and further comprising:
increasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline; and decreasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline. 37. The method of claim 32, wherein the plurality of stages of the graphic processing pipeline including one or more of:
a thread dispatcher; one or more processing elements; one or more data ports; one or more cache memories; and one or more memory controllers. 38. The method of claim 32, wherein performing processor control management includes performing processor power management by a controller, the controller to collect the one or more performance metrics associated with operation of each stage of the plurality of stages, and to adjust the at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for the one or more stages. | Methods and apparatus relating to techniques for avoiding cache lookup for cold cache. In an example, an apparatus comprises logic, at least partially comprising hardware logic, to collect user information for a user of a data processing device, generate a user profile for the user of the data processing device from the user information, and set a power profile a processor in the data processing device using the user profile. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed.1-18. (canceled) 19. An apparatus comprising:
one or more processors including a graphical processing unit (GPU), the GPU including a graphics processing pipeline, the graphics processing pipeline including a plurality of stages; and a memory to store data, including graphics data processed by the graphics processing pipeline; wherein the apparatus is to:
collect one or more performance metrics associated with operation of each stage of the plurality of stages of the graphics processing pipeline, and
adjust at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for one or more stages of the plurality of stages based at least in part on the one or more performance metrics for each stage. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein adjusting at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for the one or more stages includes the apparatus to:
determining a level of activity for each stage the plurality of stages utilizing at least the one or more performance metrics; and adjust at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for the one or more stages based at least in part on the determined level of activity for each stage of the plurality of stages. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the apparatus is to perform one or more of:
increase the operating voltage or operating frequency for a first stage that is determined to have a higher level of activity in the plurality of stages; or decrease the operating voltage or operating frequency for a second stage that is determined to have a lower level of activity in the plurality of stages. 22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein, for a compute-bound workload processed by the graphics processing pipeline, the apparatus is to:
increase at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline; and decrease at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline. 23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein, for a workload implementing memory instructions processed by the graphics processing pipeline, the apparatus is to:
increase at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline; and decrease at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline. 24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the plurality of stages of the graphic processing pipeline including one or more of:
a thread dispatcher; one or more processing elements; one or more data ports; one or more cache memories; and one or more memory controllers. 25. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a controller to perform processor power management, the controller to collect the one or more performance metrics associated with operation of each stage of the plurality of stages, and to adjust the at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for the one or more stages. 26. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the apparatus includes a system on chip (SoC) integrated circuit. 27. At least one non-transitory machine-readable medium comprising instructions that when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
processing graphics data utilizing a graphics processing pipeline of a graphical processing unit (GPU), the graphics processing pipeline including a plurality of stages; collecting one or more performance metrics associated with operation of each stage of the plurality of stages; and adjust at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for one or more stages of the plurality of stages based at least in part on the one or more performance metrics for the plurality of stages. 28. The medium of claim 27, wherein adjusting at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for the one or more stages includes:
determining a level of activity for each stage of the plurality of stages utilizing at least the one or more performance metrics; and adjusting at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for the one or more stages based at least in part on the determined level of activity for each stage of the plurality of stages. 29. The medium of claim 28, further comprising instructions that when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising one or more of:
increasing the operating voltage or operating frequency for a first stage that is determined to have a higher level of activity in the plurality of stages; or decreasing the operating voltage or operating frequency for a second stage that is determined to have a lower level of activity in the plurality of stages. 30. The medium of claim 28, wherein a workload for the graphics processing pipeline is a compute-bound workload, and further comprising instructions that when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
increasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline; and decreasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline. 31. The medium of claim 28, wherein a workload for the graphics processing pipeline implements memory instructions processed by the graphics processing pipeline, and further comprising instructions that when executed by a computing device, cause the computing device to perform operations comprising:
increasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline; and decreasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline. 32. A method comprising:
processing graphics data at a computing system utilizing a graphics processing pipeline, the computing system including one or more processors including a graphical processing unit (GPU), the graphics processing pipeline including a plurality of stages; collecting one or more performance metrics associated with operation of each stage of the plurality of stages; and performing processor power management for the one or more processors based at least in part on the one or more performance metrics for plurality of stages, including adjusting at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for one or more stages of the plurality of stages. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein adjusting at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for the one or more stages includes:
determining a level of activity for each stage of the plurality of stages utilizing at least the one or more performance metrics; and including adjusting at least one of an operating voltage or an operating frequency for the one or more stages based at least in part on the determined level of activity for each stage of the plurality of stages. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising:
increasing the operating voltage or operating frequency for a first stage that is determined to have a higher level of activity in the plurality of stages; or decreasing the operating voltage or operating frequency for a second stage that is determined to have a higher level of activity in the plurality of stages. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein a workload for the graphics processing pipeline is a compute-bound workload, and further comprising:
increasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline; and decreasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein a workload for the graphics processing pipeline implements memory instructions processed by the graphics processing pipeline, and further comprising:
increasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more data ports and one or more cache units of the graphics processing pipeline; and decreasing at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for one or more processing elements of the graphics processing pipeline. 37. The method of claim 32, wherein the plurality of stages of the graphic processing pipeline including one or more of:
a thread dispatcher; one or more processing elements; one or more data ports; one or more cache memories; and one or more memory controllers. 38. The method of claim 32, wherein performing processor control management includes performing processor power management by a controller, the controller to collect the one or more performance metrics associated with operation of each stage of the plurality of stages, and to adjust the at least one of the operating voltage or the operating frequency for the one or more stages. | 2,400 |
347,010 | 16,805,503 | 2,487 | Technology for a wire antenna is disclosed. The wire antenna can include a vertical center feed line. The wire antenna can include a horizontal antenna element carried by the vertical center feed line. The horizontal antenna element can have a first conductive surface and a second conductive surface substantially opposite to the first conductive surface. The wire antenna can include a first parasitic element adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a first selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element. The wire antenna can include a second parasitic element substantially orthogonal to the first parasitic element. The second parasitic element can be adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a second selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element. | 1. A wire antenna, comprising:
a vertical center feed line; a horizontal antenna element carried by the vertical center feed line, the horizontal antenna element having a first conductive surface and a second conductive surface substantially opposite to the first conductive surface; a first parasitic element adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a first selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element; and a second parasitic element substantially orthogonal to the first parasitic element, the second parasitic element being adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a second selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element. 2. The wire antenna of claim 1, further comprising a radome configured to enclose the wire antenna, wherein the radome includes an outer surface and an inner surface substantially opposite the outer surface, wherein the first parasitic element and the second parasitic element are attached to the inner surface of the radome. 3. The wire antenna of claim 2, wherein the first parasitic element and the second parasitic element are attached via an offset to the inner surface of the radome. 4. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein:
the first parasitic element includes a first section and a second section, wherein the second section of the first parasitic element is disposed at a first angle relative to the first section of the first parasitic element; and the second parasitic element includes a first section and a second section, wherein the second section of the second parasitic element is disposed at a second angle relative to the first section of the second parasitic element. 5. The wire antenna of claim 4, wherein:
the first angle between the first section of the first parasitic element and the second section of the first parasitic element is determined based on a configuration of a radome that is configured to enclose the wire antenna; and the second angle between the first section of the second parasitic element and the second section of the second parasitic element is determined based on the configuration of the radome. 6. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the vertical center feed line is connected to the second conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element and is capacitively coupled to the first conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element. 7. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the horizontal antenna element has a selected width and a selected length. 8. The wire antenna of claim 7, wherein:
the first parasitic element is oriented substantially parallel or orthogonal with the selected length of the horizontal antenna element; or the first parasitic element is oriented substantially parallel or orthogonal with the selected width of the horizontal antenna element. 9. The wire antenna of claim 7, wherein:
the second parasitic element is oriented substantially parallel or orthogonal with the selected length of the horizontal antenna element; or the second parasitic element is oriented substantially parallel or orthogonal with the selected width of the horizontal antenna element. 10. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the vertical center feed line provides coupled energy to two parallel vertical center feed lines. 11. The wire antenna of claim 1, further comprising a horizontal ground plane substantially parallel with the horizontal antenna element, the horizontal ground plane spaced a selected distance from the horizontal antenna element and electrically coupled to the vertical center feed line. 12. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the vertical center feed line passes through one or more through holes on the second conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element to connect to the first conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element. 13. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the second conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element is used to capacitively couple energy to the first conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element. 14. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the first parasitic element and the second parasitic element are designed to cover different frequency ranges. 15. The wire element of claim 1, wherein the first parasitic element is configured for a first frequency range between approximately 1.7 Gigahertz (GHz) to 2.1 GHz, and the second parasitic element is configured for a second frequency range between approximately 2.1 GHz and 2.7 GHz. 16. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the first selected parasitic distance and the second selected parasitic distance are between λ\4 and λ\2, wherein λ is a wavelength. 17. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first selected parasitic distance and the second selected parasitic distance are:
less than λ\4 to provide an increased effect on a level of impedance matching over a broad operating frequency range of the wire antenna, wherein λ is a wavelength; or between λ\4 and λ\2 to provide an increased effect on a radiation beamwidth and a directivity for the wire antenna. 18. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the wire antenna is one of a dipole antenna, a folded dipole antenna, or a monopole antenna. 19. A dipole antenna, comprising:
a horizontal dipole element; and one or more parasitic elements electrically isolated from the horizontal dipole element, wherein a parasitic element in the one or more parasitic elements has selected dimensions and is positioned at a selected distance from the horizontal dipole element to provide a level of impedance matching over a broad operating frequency range of the dipole antenna and a radiation beamwidth for the dipole antenna. 20. The dipole antenna of claim 19, further comprising:
a vertical center feed line that carries the horizontal dipole element; and a radome configured to enclose the one or more parasitic elements and be physically attached to the one or more parasitic elements. 21. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein the selected dimensions of the parasitic element and the selected distance between the parasitic element and the horizontal dipole element are selected using a computer program simulation. 22. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein:
the one or more parasitic elements includes a first parasitic element and second parasitic element, and the first parasitic element is rotated approximately 90 degrees in relation to the second parasitic element; and the first parasitic element has first selected dimensions and is a first selected parasitic distance from the horizontal dipole element, and the second parasitic element has second selected dimensions and is a second selected parasitic distance from the horizontal dipole element. 23. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein the selected distance between the parasitic element and the horizontal dipole element is one of:
less than λ\4 to provide an increased effect on the level of impedance matching over the broad operating frequency range of the dipole antenna, wherein λ is a wavelength; or between λ\4 and λ\2 to provide an increased effect on the radiation beamwidth and a directivity for the dipole antenna. 24. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein the one or more parasitic elements cause constructive interference and destructive interference of electromagnetic fields to tune the level of impedance matching and the radiation beamwidth for the dipole antenna. 25. The dipole antenna of claim 19, further comprising a horizontal ground plane electrically coupled to a vertical center feed line, wherein the horizontal ground plane is used as a reflector for the dipole antenna and the one or more parasitic elements are used as directors for the dipole antenna. 26. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein the dipole antenna is a dual-polarized antenna. 27. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein the broad operating frequency range of the dipole antenna is from approximately 1.7 Gigahertz (GHz) to 2.7 GHz. 28. A repeater system, comprising:
one or more amplification and filtering signal paths; and a wire antenna configured to be communicatively coupled to the one or more amplification and filtering signal paths, the wire antenna comprising: a vertical center feed line; a horizontal antenna element carried by the vertical center feed line, the horizontal antenna element having a first conductive surface and a second conductive surface substantially opposite to the first conductive surface; a first parasitic element adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a first selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element; and a second parasitic element substantially orthogonal to the first parasitic element, the second parasitic element being adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a second selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element. 29. The repeater system of claim 28, wherein the wire antenna further comprises a radome configured to enclose the wire antenna, wherein the radome includes an outer surface and an inner surface substantially opposite the outer surface, wherein the first parasitic element and the second parasitic element are attached to the inner surface of the radome. 30. The repeater system of claim 28, wherein the wire antenna further comprises a horizontal ground plane adjacent to the second conductive surface and substantially parallel with the horizontal antenna element, the horizontal ground plane spaced a selected distance from the horizontal antenna element and electrically coupled to the vertical center feed line. 31. The repeater system of claim 28, wherein the first parasitic element of the wire antenna and the second parasitic element of the wire antenna are designed to cover different frequency ranges. 32. The repeater system of claim 28, wherein one or more of the first selected parasitic distance and the second selected parasitic distance are:
less than λ\4 to provide an increased effect on a level of impedance matching over a broad operating frequency range of the wire antenna, wherein λ is a wavelength; or between λ\4 and λ\2 to provide an increased effect on a radiation beamwidth and a directivity for the wire antenna. 33. The repeater system of claim 28, wherein the wire antenna is one of a dipole antenna or a monopole antenna. | Technology for a wire antenna is disclosed. The wire antenna can include a vertical center feed line. The wire antenna can include a horizontal antenna element carried by the vertical center feed line. The horizontal antenna element can have a first conductive surface and a second conductive surface substantially opposite to the first conductive surface. The wire antenna can include a first parasitic element adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a first selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element. The wire antenna can include a second parasitic element substantially orthogonal to the first parasitic element. The second parasitic element can be adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a second selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element.1. A wire antenna, comprising:
a vertical center feed line; a horizontal antenna element carried by the vertical center feed line, the horizontal antenna element having a first conductive surface and a second conductive surface substantially opposite to the first conductive surface; a first parasitic element adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a first selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element; and a second parasitic element substantially orthogonal to the first parasitic element, the second parasitic element being adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a second selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element. 2. The wire antenna of claim 1, further comprising a radome configured to enclose the wire antenna, wherein the radome includes an outer surface and an inner surface substantially opposite the outer surface, wherein the first parasitic element and the second parasitic element are attached to the inner surface of the radome. 3. The wire antenna of claim 2, wherein the first parasitic element and the second parasitic element are attached via an offset to the inner surface of the radome. 4. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein:
the first parasitic element includes a first section and a second section, wherein the second section of the first parasitic element is disposed at a first angle relative to the first section of the first parasitic element; and the second parasitic element includes a first section and a second section, wherein the second section of the second parasitic element is disposed at a second angle relative to the first section of the second parasitic element. 5. The wire antenna of claim 4, wherein:
the first angle between the first section of the first parasitic element and the second section of the first parasitic element is determined based on a configuration of a radome that is configured to enclose the wire antenna; and the second angle between the first section of the second parasitic element and the second section of the second parasitic element is determined based on the configuration of the radome. 6. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the vertical center feed line is connected to the second conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element and is capacitively coupled to the first conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element. 7. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the horizontal antenna element has a selected width and a selected length. 8. The wire antenna of claim 7, wherein:
the first parasitic element is oriented substantially parallel or orthogonal with the selected length of the horizontal antenna element; or the first parasitic element is oriented substantially parallel or orthogonal with the selected width of the horizontal antenna element. 9. The wire antenna of claim 7, wherein:
the second parasitic element is oriented substantially parallel or orthogonal with the selected length of the horizontal antenna element; or the second parasitic element is oriented substantially parallel or orthogonal with the selected width of the horizontal antenna element. 10. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the vertical center feed line provides coupled energy to two parallel vertical center feed lines. 11. The wire antenna of claim 1, further comprising a horizontal ground plane substantially parallel with the horizontal antenna element, the horizontal ground plane spaced a selected distance from the horizontal antenna element and electrically coupled to the vertical center feed line. 12. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the vertical center feed line passes through one or more through holes on the second conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element to connect to the first conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element. 13. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the second conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element is used to capacitively couple energy to the first conductive surface of the horizontal antenna element. 14. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the first parasitic element and the second parasitic element are designed to cover different frequency ranges. 15. The wire element of claim 1, wherein the first parasitic element is configured for a first frequency range between approximately 1.7 Gigahertz (GHz) to 2.1 GHz, and the second parasitic element is configured for a second frequency range between approximately 2.1 GHz and 2.7 GHz. 16. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the first selected parasitic distance and the second selected parasitic distance are between λ\4 and λ\2, wherein λ is a wavelength. 17. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first selected parasitic distance and the second selected parasitic distance are:
less than λ\4 to provide an increased effect on a level of impedance matching over a broad operating frequency range of the wire antenna, wherein λ is a wavelength; or between λ\4 and λ\2 to provide an increased effect on a radiation beamwidth and a directivity for the wire antenna. 18. The wire antenna of claim 1, wherein the wire antenna is one of a dipole antenna, a folded dipole antenna, or a monopole antenna. 19. A dipole antenna, comprising:
a horizontal dipole element; and one or more parasitic elements electrically isolated from the horizontal dipole element, wherein a parasitic element in the one or more parasitic elements has selected dimensions and is positioned at a selected distance from the horizontal dipole element to provide a level of impedance matching over a broad operating frequency range of the dipole antenna and a radiation beamwidth for the dipole antenna. 20. The dipole antenna of claim 19, further comprising:
a vertical center feed line that carries the horizontal dipole element; and a radome configured to enclose the one or more parasitic elements and be physically attached to the one or more parasitic elements. 21. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein the selected dimensions of the parasitic element and the selected distance between the parasitic element and the horizontal dipole element are selected using a computer program simulation. 22. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein:
the one or more parasitic elements includes a first parasitic element and second parasitic element, and the first parasitic element is rotated approximately 90 degrees in relation to the second parasitic element; and the first parasitic element has first selected dimensions and is a first selected parasitic distance from the horizontal dipole element, and the second parasitic element has second selected dimensions and is a second selected parasitic distance from the horizontal dipole element. 23. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein the selected distance between the parasitic element and the horizontal dipole element is one of:
less than λ\4 to provide an increased effect on the level of impedance matching over the broad operating frequency range of the dipole antenna, wherein λ is a wavelength; or between λ\4 and λ\2 to provide an increased effect on the radiation beamwidth and a directivity for the dipole antenna. 24. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein the one or more parasitic elements cause constructive interference and destructive interference of electromagnetic fields to tune the level of impedance matching and the radiation beamwidth for the dipole antenna. 25. The dipole antenna of claim 19, further comprising a horizontal ground plane electrically coupled to a vertical center feed line, wherein the horizontal ground plane is used as a reflector for the dipole antenna and the one or more parasitic elements are used as directors for the dipole antenna. 26. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein the dipole antenna is a dual-polarized antenna. 27. The dipole antenna of claim 19, wherein the broad operating frequency range of the dipole antenna is from approximately 1.7 Gigahertz (GHz) to 2.7 GHz. 28. A repeater system, comprising:
one or more amplification and filtering signal paths; and a wire antenna configured to be communicatively coupled to the one or more amplification and filtering signal paths, the wire antenna comprising: a vertical center feed line; a horizontal antenna element carried by the vertical center feed line, the horizontal antenna element having a first conductive surface and a second conductive surface substantially opposite to the first conductive surface; a first parasitic element adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a first selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element; and a second parasitic element substantially orthogonal to the first parasitic element, the second parasitic element being adjacent to the first conductive surface and spaced at a second selected parasitic distance from the horizontal antenna element. 29. The repeater system of claim 28, wherein the wire antenna further comprises a radome configured to enclose the wire antenna, wherein the radome includes an outer surface and an inner surface substantially opposite the outer surface, wherein the first parasitic element and the second parasitic element are attached to the inner surface of the radome. 30. The repeater system of claim 28, wherein the wire antenna further comprises a horizontal ground plane adjacent to the second conductive surface and substantially parallel with the horizontal antenna element, the horizontal ground plane spaced a selected distance from the horizontal antenna element and electrically coupled to the vertical center feed line. 31. The repeater system of claim 28, wherein the first parasitic element of the wire antenna and the second parasitic element of the wire antenna are designed to cover different frequency ranges. 32. The repeater system of claim 28, wherein one or more of the first selected parasitic distance and the second selected parasitic distance are:
less than λ\4 to provide an increased effect on a level of impedance matching over a broad operating frequency range of the wire antenna, wherein λ is a wavelength; or between λ\4 and λ\2 to provide an increased effect on a radiation beamwidth and a directivity for the wire antenna. 33. The repeater system of claim 28, wherein the wire antenna is one of a dipole antenna or a monopole antenna. | 2,400 |
347,011 | 16,805,484 | 2,487 | In one embodiment, a method includes by one or more computing devices, accessing an image including a hand of a user of a head-mounted display. The method includes generating, from at least the image, a virtual object representation of the hand. The virtual object representation is defined in a virtual environment. The method includes rendering, based on the virtual object representation and at least one other virtual object in the virtual environment, an image of the virtual environment from a viewpoint of the user. The image includes a set of pixels that corresponds to a portion of the virtual object representation that is visible from the viewpoint of the user. The method includes providing, to a set of light emitters of the head-mounted display, instructions to display the image. The set of pixels in the image causes the light emitters at one or more positions to be unilluminated. | 1. A method comprising, by one or more computing devices:
accessing an image comprising a hand of a user of a head-mounted display; generating, from at least the image, a planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user, the planar virtual object representation of the hand being defined in a virtual environment that comprises at least one other virtual object; determining that a depth of a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand to a viewpoint of the user is less than a depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; rendering, based on the planar virtual object representation of the hand and the other virtual object in the virtual environment, an image of the virtual environment from the viewpoint of the user, the image comprising a set of pixels that corresponds to the portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand with the depth that is less than the depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; and providing, to a set of light emitters of the head-mounted display, instructions to display the image of the virtual environment, wherein the set of pixels in the image that corresponds to a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand cause light emitters at one or more positions to be unilluminated. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a light emitter at a particular position being unilluminated causes light from an environment of the user to continue on to the user at the particular position. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the image comprising the hand of the user further comprises an environment of the user from the viewpoint of the user. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, from at least the image, a planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user comprises:
determining a position in the virtual environment of the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user based on a pose of the hand of the user determined from the image comprising the hand of the user. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a texture of the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user corresponds with instructions to cause light emitters to be unilluminated. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user is associated with a color also associated with a background of the virtual environment. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein rendering the image of the planar virtual environment from the viewpoint of the user comprises:
determining that the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user and the other virtual object in the virtual environment are visible from the viewpoint of the user. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining one or more positions where the planar virtual object representation of the hand is at least partially in front of the at least one other virtual object in the virtual environment by:
projecting a ray into the virtual environment with an origin and direction based on the viewpoint of the user; and determining a point of intersection of the ray with the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user in the virtual environment, wherein the ray intersects with the planar virtual object representation before intersecting with the other virtual object in the virtual environment. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, from at least the image, a planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user comprises:
determining, from at least the image, a pose of the hand; generating, from at least the image and the pose, a triangle mesh corresponding to the hand; determining, from at least the image, a distance of the hand from the viewpoint of the user; and generating, based on the triangle mesh corresponding to the hand, a height map indicating a variation of one or more positions of the hand from the determined distance of the hand. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining that the depth of the portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand to the viewpoint of the user is less than the depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user by:
comparing the distance of the hand and the height map associated with the planar virtual object representation of the hand to a distance and a height map associated with the other virtual object at a particular position; and determining based on the comparison that the planar virtual object representation of the hand is a closest object to the viewpoint. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the instructions to display the image of the virtual environment further cause light emitters to illuminate at one or more positions where a portion of the other virtual object is in front of the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user from the viewpoint of the user. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the computing devices is embodied in the head-mounted display and one or more of the computing devices is a separate computing device. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
allocating the steps of the method between the computing device of the head-mounted display and the separate computing device based on one or more metrics of available computing resources. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the image is generated by a first camera of the head-mounted display; and
wherein generating the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user comprises:
accessing a second image generated by a second camera of the head-mounted display; and
localizing the hand of the user relative to the viewpoint of the user based on the image and the second image. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user further comprises:
generating an array with positions corresponding to positions of the hand of the user; storing, in the array, values of a distance between the one or more positions of the hand and the viewpoint of the user; and associating the array with the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the second camera of the head-mounted display is a depth-sensing camera. 17. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying software that is operable when executed to perform operations comprising:
accessing an image comprising a hand of a user of a head-mounted display; generating, from at least the image, a planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user, the planar virtual object representation of the hand being defined in a virtual environment that comprises at least one other virtual object; determining that a depth of a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand to a viewpoint of the user is less than a depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; rendering, based on the planar virtual object representation of the hand and the other virtual object in the virtual environment, an image of the virtual environment from the viewpoint of the user, the image comprising a set of pixels that corresponds to the portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand with the depth that is less than the depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; and providing, to a set of light emitters of the head-mounted display, instructions to display the image of the virtual environment, wherein the set of pixels in the image that corresponds to a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand cause the light emitters at one or more positions to be unilluminated. 18. The computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 17, wherein a light emitter at a particular position being unilluminated causes light from an environment of the user to continue on to the user at the particular position. 19. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media coupled to one or more of the processors and comprising instructions operable when executed by one or more of the processors to cause the system to perform operations comprising: accessing an image comprising a hand of a user of a head-mounted display; generating, from at least the image, a planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user, the planar virtual object representation of the hand being defined in a virtual environment that comprises at least one other virtual object; determining that a depth of a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand to a viewpoint of the user is less than a depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; rendering, based on the planar virtual object representation of the hand and the other virtual object in the virtual environment, an image of the virtual environment from the viewpoint of the user, the image comprising a set of pixels that corresponds to the portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand with the depth that is less than the depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; and providing, to a set of light emitters of the head-mounted display, instructions to display the image of the virtual environment, wherein the set of pixels in the image that corresponds to a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand cause light emitters at one or more positions to be unilluminated. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein a light emitter at a particular position being unilluminated causes light from an environment of the user to continue on to the user at the particular position. | In one embodiment, a method includes by one or more computing devices, accessing an image including a hand of a user of a head-mounted display. The method includes generating, from at least the image, a virtual object representation of the hand. The virtual object representation is defined in a virtual environment. The method includes rendering, based on the virtual object representation and at least one other virtual object in the virtual environment, an image of the virtual environment from a viewpoint of the user. The image includes a set of pixels that corresponds to a portion of the virtual object representation that is visible from the viewpoint of the user. The method includes providing, to a set of light emitters of the head-mounted display, instructions to display the image. The set of pixels in the image causes the light emitters at one or more positions to be unilluminated.1. A method comprising, by one or more computing devices:
accessing an image comprising a hand of a user of a head-mounted display; generating, from at least the image, a planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user, the planar virtual object representation of the hand being defined in a virtual environment that comprises at least one other virtual object; determining that a depth of a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand to a viewpoint of the user is less than a depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; rendering, based on the planar virtual object representation of the hand and the other virtual object in the virtual environment, an image of the virtual environment from the viewpoint of the user, the image comprising a set of pixels that corresponds to the portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand with the depth that is less than the depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; and providing, to a set of light emitters of the head-mounted display, instructions to display the image of the virtual environment, wherein the set of pixels in the image that corresponds to a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand cause light emitters at one or more positions to be unilluminated. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a light emitter at a particular position being unilluminated causes light from an environment of the user to continue on to the user at the particular position. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the image comprising the hand of the user further comprises an environment of the user from the viewpoint of the user. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, from at least the image, a planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user comprises:
determining a position in the virtual environment of the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user based on a pose of the hand of the user determined from the image comprising the hand of the user. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a texture of the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user corresponds with instructions to cause light emitters to be unilluminated. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user is associated with a color also associated with a background of the virtual environment. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein rendering the image of the planar virtual environment from the viewpoint of the user comprises:
determining that the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user and the other virtual object in the virtual environment are visible from the viewpoint of the user. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining one or more positions where the planar virtual object representation of the hand is at least partially in front of the at least one other virtual object in the virtual environment by:
projecting a ray into the virtual environment with an origin and direction based on the viewpoint of the user; and determining a point of intersection of the ray with the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user in the virtual environment, wherein the ray intersects with the planar virtual object representation before intersecting with the other virtual object in the virtual environment. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, from at least the image, a planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user comprises:
determining, from at least the image, a pose of the hand; generating, from at least the image and the pose, a triangle mesh corresponding to the hand; determining, from at least the image, a distance of the hand from the viewpoint of the user; and generating, based on the triangle mesh corresponding to the hand, a height map indicating a variation of one or more positions of the hand from the determined distance of the hand. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining that the depth of the portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand to the viewpoint of the user is less than the depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user by:
comparing the distance of the hand and the height map associated with the planar virtual object representation of the hand to a distance and a height map associated with the other virtual object at a particular position; and determining based on the comparison that the planar virtual object representation of the hand is a closest object to the viewpoint. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the instructions to display the image of the virtual environment further cause light emitters to illuminate at one or more positions where a portion of the other virtual object is in front of the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user from the viewpoint of the user. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the computing devices is embodied in the head-mounted display and one or more of the computing devices is a separate computing device. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
allocating the steps of the method between the computing device of the head-mounted display and the separate computing device based on one or more metrics of available computing resources. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the image is generated by a first camera of the head-mounted display; and
wherein generating the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user comprises:
accessing a second image generated by a second camera of the head-mounted display; and
localizing the hand of the user relative to the viewpoint of the user based on the image and the second image. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user further comprises:
generating an array with positions corresponding to positions of the hand of the user; storing, in the array, values of a distance between the one or more positions of the hand and the viewpoint of the user; and associating the array with the planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the second camera of the head-mounted display is a depth-sensing camera. 17. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying software that is operable when executed to perform operations comprising:
accessing an image comprising a hand of a user of a head-mounted display; generating, from at least the image, a planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user, the planar virtual object representation of the hand being defined in a virtual environment that comprises at least one other virtual object; determining that a depth of a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand to a viewpoint of the user is less than a depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; rendering, based on the planar virtual object representation of the hand and the other virtual object in the virtual environment, an image of the virtual environment from the viewpoint of the user, the image comprising a set of pixels that corresponds to the portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand with the depth that is less than the depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; and providing, to a set of light emitters of the head-mounted display, instructions to display the image of the virtual environment, wherein the set of pixels in the image that corresponds to a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand cause the light emitters at one or more positions to be unilluminated. 18. The computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 17, wherein a light emitter at a particular position being unilluminated causes light from an environment of the user to continue on to the user at the particular position. 19. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media coupled to one or more of the processors and comprising instructions operable when executed by one or more of the processors to cause the system to perform operations comprising: accessing an image comprising a hand of a user of a head-mounted display; generating, from at least the image, a planar virtual object representation of the hand of the user, the planar virtual object representation of the hand being defined in a virtual environment that comprises at least one other virtual object; determining that a depth of a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand to a viewpoint of the user is less than a depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; rendering, based on the planar virtual object representation of the hand and the other virtual object in the virtual environment, an image of the virtual environment from the viewpoint of the user, the image comprising a set of pixels that corresponds to the portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand with the depth that is less than the depth of the other virtual object to the viewpoint of the user; and providing, to a set of light emitters of the head-mounted display, instructions to display the image of the virtual environment, wherein the set of pixels in the image that corresponds to a portion of the planar virtual object representation of the hand cause light emitters at one or more positions to be unilluminated. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein a light emitter at a particular position being unilluminated causes light from an environment of the user to continue on to the user at the particular position. | 2,400 |
347,012 | 16,805,472 | 2,487 | A non-terrestrial network is provided that includes a satellite that transmits an orbital parameter message to a user equipment. The user equipment processes the orbital parameter message to determine a current range from the user equipment to the satellite based upon the received orbital parameter message, a timing offset and a frequency offset for an uplink transmission to the satellite. | 1. A method of wireless communication for a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving an orbital parameter message from a satellite; determining a current range from the UE to the satellite based upon the received orbital parameter message; determining an adjusted uplink timing for an uplink transmission responsive to the current range; and transmitting the uplink transmission to the satellite according to the adjusted uplink timing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
receiving the orbital parameter message comprises receiving a system information block. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block identifies a set of orbital parameters for the satellite, and wherein determining the current range comprises integrating over an orbital model defined by the set of orbital parameters. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining a current velocity for the satellite from the set of orbital parameters for the satellite; and adjusting a frequency of the uplink transmission responsive to the current velocity for the satellite. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block identifies a set of correction parameters, the method further comprising:
configuring the UE with a set of long-term orbital parameters for the satellite; and deriving a set of short-term orbital parameters for the satellite from the set of long-term orbital parameters and the set of correction parameters, and determining the current range to the satellite using the set of short-term orbital parameters. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining from a field in the system information block whether the system information block contains long-term orbital parameters or short-term orbital parameters. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
transmitting a system information block request to the satellite, wherein receiving the system information block is responsive to the system information block request. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block is a periodic system information block and includes an ID for the satellite. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block is an aperiodic system information block. 10. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
adjusting a transmission direction for an at least one antenna in the UE responsive to the set of long-term orbital parameters. 11. The method of claim 5, wherein the set of long-term orbital parameters are Kepler parameters. 12. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block comprises a set of short-term orbital parameters for the satellite, the method further comprising:
integrating using the set of short-term orbital parameters to determine the current range to the satellite. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
integrating using the set of short-term orbital parameters to determine a current velocity for the satellite, and adjusting a frequency of the uplink transmission responsive to the current velocity for the satellite. 14. The method of claim 3, wherein the system information block further includes a set of orbital parameters for an additional satellite. 15. The method of claim 3, wherein the system information block further includes a set of orbital parameters for a plurality of additional satellites. 16. The method of claim 3, wherein the set of orbital parameters is a set of long-term orbital parameters. 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block includes compressed ephemeris information for the satellite. 18. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
initiating a timer to time an ephemeris validity period responsive to the receipt of the system information block. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: requesting an additional system information block responsive to an expiration of the ephemeris validity period. 20. A user equipment, comprising:
a processor configured to:
process an orbital parameter message from a satellite to derive a current range to the satellite; and
determine a timing offset responsive to the current range; and
a transceiver configured to receive the orbital parameter message from the satellite and to transmit an uplink message to the satellite according to the timing offset. 21. The user equipment of claim 20, wherein the orbital parameter message is a system information block. 22. The user equipment of claim 21, wherein the transceiver is further configured to transmit a system information block request to the satellite, and wherein the orbital parameter message is responsive to the system information block request. 23. The user equipment of claim 21, wherein the system information block comprises a set of correction parameters, and wherein the processor is further configured to:
derive a set of short-term orbital parameters from a set of long-term orbital parameters and the set of correction parameters; and integrate using the set of short-term orbital parameters to determine the current range. 24. The user equipment of claim 23, wherein the processor is further configured to:
integrate using the set of short-term orbital parameters to determine a current velocity for the satellite; and determine a frequency offset responsive to the current velocity for the satellite; wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit the uplink message according to the frequency offset. 25. The user equipment of claim 21, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a timing for the system information block from a SIB1 message. 26. The user equipment of claim 25, wherein the timing for the system information block is a periodic timing. 27. The user equipment of claim 25, wherein the timing for the system information block is an aperiodic timing. 28. A method for a satellite, comprising:
receiving an orbital parameter request from a user equipment; and transmitting a system information block for a set of orbital parameters to the user equipment responsive to the orbital parameter request. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the system information block includes a field identifying that the system information block includes the short-term orbital parameters. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the system information block includes long-term orbital parameters for the satellite and for at least one additional satellite. | A non-terrestrial network is provided that includes a satellite that transmits an orbital parameter message to a user equipment. The user equipment processes the orbital parameter message to determine a current range from the user equipment to the satellite based upon the received orbital parameter message, a timing offset and a frequency offset for an uplink transmission to the satellite.1. A method of wireless communication for a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving an orbital parameter message from a satellite; determining a current range from the UE to the satellite based upon the received orbital parameter message; determining an adjusted uplink timing for an uplink transmission responsive to the current range; and transmitting the uplink transmission to the satellite according to the adjusted uplink timing. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein
receiving the orbital parameter message comprises receiving a system information block. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block identifies a set of orbital parameters for the satellite, and wherein determining the current range comprises integrating over an orbital model defined by the set of orbital parameters. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining a current velocity for the satellite from the set of orbital parameters for the satellite; and adjusting a frequency of the uplink transmission responsive to the current velocity for the satellite. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block identifies a set of correction parameters, the method further comprising:
configuring the UE with a set of long-term orbital parameters for the satellite; and deriving a set of short-term orbital parameters for the satellite from the set of long-term orbital parameters and the set of correction parameters, and determining the current range to the satellite using the set of short-term orbital parameters. 6. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining from a field in the system information block whether the system information block contains long-term orbital parameters or short-term orbital parameters. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
transmitting a system information block request to the satellite, wherein receiving the system information block is responsive to the system information block request. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block is a periodic system information block and includes an ID for the satellite. 9. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block is an aperiodic system information block. 10. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
adjusting a transmission direction for an at least one antenna in the UE responsive to the set of long-term orbital parameters. 11. The method of claim 5, wherein the set of long-term orbital parameters are Kepler parameters. 12. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block comprises a set of short-term orbital parameters for the satellite, the method further comprising:
integrating using the set of short-term orbital parameters to determine the current range to the satellite. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
integrating using the set of short-term orbital parameters to determine a current velocity for the satellite, and adjusting a frequency of the uplink transmission responsive to the current velocity for the satellite. 14. The method of claim 3, wherein the system information block further includes a set of orbital parameters for an additional satellite. 15. The method of claim 3, wherein the system information block further includes a set of orbital parameters for a plurality of additional satellites. 16. The method of claim 3, wherein the set of orbital parameters is a set of long-term orbital parameters. 17. The method of claim 2, wherein the system information block includes compressed ephemeris information for the satellite. 18. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
initiating a timer to time an ephemeris validity period responsive to the receipt of the system information block. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: requesting an additional system information block responsive to an expiration of the ephemeris validity period. 20. A user equipment, comprising:
a processor configured to:
process an orbital parameter message from a satellite to derive a current range to the satellite; and
determine a timing offset responsive to the current range; and
a transceiver configured to receive the orbital parameter message from the satellite and to transmit an uplink message to the satellite according to the timing offset. 21. The user equipment of claim 20, wherein the orbital parameter message is a system information block. 22. The user equipment of claim 21, wherein the transceiver is further configured to transmit a system information block request to the satellite, and wherein the orbital parameter message is responsive to the system information block request. 23. The user equipment of claim 21, wherein the system information block comprises a set of correction parameters, and wherein the processor is further configured to:
derive a set of short-term orbital parameters from a set of long-term orbital parameters and the set of correction parameters; and integrate using the set of short-term orbital parameters to determine the current range. 24. The user equipment of claim 23, wherein the processor is further configured to:
integrate using the set of short-term orbital parameters to determine a current velocity for the satellite; and determine a frequency offset responsive to the current velocity for the satellite; wherein the transmitter is further configured to transmit the uplink message according to the frequency offset. 25. The user equipment of claim 21, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a timing for the system information block from a SIB1 message. 26. The user equipment of claim 25, wherein the timing for the system information block is a periodic timing. 27. The user equipment of claim 25, wherein the timing for the system information block is an aperiodic timing. 28. A method for a satellite, comprising:
receiving an orbital parameter request from a user equipment; and transmitting a system information block for a set of orbital parameters to the user equipment responsive to the orbital parameter request. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the system information block includes a field identifying that the system information block includes the short-term orbital parameters. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the system information block includes long-term orbital parameters for the satellite and for at least one additional satellite. | 2,400 |
347,013 | 16,805,487 | 2,487 | A device secures open authorization (OAuth) resources according to systems described herein. In some instances, a resource server is configured for receiving a request for authorization from a client device. The request, for authorization to use a requested resource, may include a token having at least one claim. The resource server may interpret data of the token according to a domain specific language. The interpreting may obtain at least one rule associated with the at least one claim from among a range of resource access control rules. The rule may be compared against a resource request and operation. Based on the comparison, the request may be allowed or rejected. In one example, interpretation of the token may decode resources including quantities and combinations of uniform resource identifiers (URIs) claimed by the token using a domain specific language defined by a context-free grammar. | 1. A method, comprising:
under control of one or more processors configured with executable instructions: receiving, from a client device, a request to authorize the client device to obtain a resource from a resource server; configuring a token in according to a domain specific language that defines and expresses authorization claim values at least in part as one or more of hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) methods and a pattern of uniform resource identifiers (URIs), wherein the claim values comprise an authorization scheme for the client device to receive and/or benefit from the resource from the resource server; and sending the token to the client device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the claim values are configured according to resource access control rules in the domain specific language; and the claim values express key-value pairs which indicate the resource at the resource server. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the claim values are represented as resource access control rules using the domain specific language to provide permissions required by a representational state transfer (RESTful) application programming interface (API). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the domain specific language is defined by a context-free grammar and expresses one or more hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) methods that define a set of HTTP requests that a user is authorized to make. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the claim values are expressed using both hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) methods and patterns of URIs; and the one or more hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) methods and a pattern of URIs define the resource on the resource server that define a set of HTTP requests that a user is authorized to make. 6. A method, comprising:
under control of one or more processors of a resource server configured with executable instructions: receiving, from a client device:
a request to authorize the client device to obtain a requested resource from the resource server; and
a token having at least one claim;
interpreting data of the token according to a domain specific language, wherein the interpreting derives at least one rule associated with the at least one claim from among a range of resource access control rules; comparing the at least one rule against the request; and allowing or rejecting the request based at least in part on the comparing. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein interpreting data of the token according to the domain specific language comprises:
obtaining an expression of claims within the token directed to resources provided by the resource server. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein interpreting data of the token according to the domain specific language comprises:
determining the at least one claim, directly from examination of the token, without accessing a database. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein interpreting data of the token according to the domain specific language comprises:
decoding resources comprising quantities and combinations of uniform resource identifiers (URIs) indicated by claims within the token. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the domain specific language is defined by a context-free grammar and expresses one or more hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) methods. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein the domain specific language defines a granularity of control over resources comprising quantities and combinations of uniform resource identifiers (URIs). 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the domain specific language comprises a range of claim values expressed as a method set, followed by a delimiter, and then a resource pattern. 13. The method of claim 6, wherein:
the claims are defined according to resource access control rules in the domain specific language; the domain specific language expresses at least one hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) method; and the domain specific language expresses a pattern of uniform resource identifier (URIs). 14. The method of claim 6, wherein claim values are represented as resource access control rules using the domain specific language to regulate permissions required by a representational state transfer (RESTful) application programming interface (API). 15. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one claim comprises at least one of read, write, get, put and delete methods. | A device secures open authorization (OAuth) resources according to systems described herein. In some instances, a resource server is configured for receiving a request for authorization from a client device. The request, for authorization to use a requested resource, may include a token having at least one claim. The resource server may interpret data of the token according to a domain specific language. The interpreting may obtain at least one rule associated with the at least one claim from among a range of resource access control rules. The rule may be compared against a resource request and operation. Based on the comparison, the request may be allowed or rejected. In one example, interpretation of the token may decode resources including quantities and combinations of uniform resource identifiers (URIs) claimed by the token using a domain specific language defined by a context-free grammar.1. A method, comprising:
under control of one or more processors configured with executable instructions: receiving, from a client device, a request to authorize the client device to obtain a resource from a resource server; configuring a token in according to a domain specific language that defines and expresses authorization claim values at least in part as one or more of hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) methods and a pattern of uniform resource identifiers (URIs), wherein the claim values comprise an authorization scheme for the client device to receive and/or benefit from the resource from the resource server; and sending the token to the client device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the claim values are configured according to resource access control rules in the domain specific language; and the claim values express key-value pairs which indicate the resource at the resource server. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the claim values are represented as resource access control rules using the domain specific language to provide permissions required by a representational state transfer (RESTful) application programming interface (API). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the domain specific language is defined by a context-free grammar and expresses one or more hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) methods that define a set of HTTP requests that a user is authorized to make. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the claim values are expressed using both hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) methods and patterns of URIs; and the one or more hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) methods and a pattern of URIs define the resource on the resource server that define a set of HTTP requests that a user is authorized to make. 6. A method, comprising:
under control of one or more processors of a resource server configured with executable instructions: receiving, from a client device:
a request to authorize the client device to obtain a requested resource from the resource server; and
a token having at least one claim;
interpreting data of the token according to a domain specific language, wherein the interpreting derives at least one rule associated with the at least one claim from among a range of resource access control rules; comparing the at least one rule against the request; and allowing or rejecting the request based at least in part on the comparing. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein interpreting data of the token according to the domain specific language comprises:
obtaining an expression of claims within the token directed to resources provided by the resource server. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein interpreting data of the token according to the domain specific language comprises:
determining the at least one claim, directly from examination of the token, without accessing a database. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein interpreting data of the token according to the domain specific language comprises:
decoding resources comprising quantities and combinations of uniform resource identifiers (URIs) indicated by claims within the token. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the domain specific language is defined by a context-free grammar and expresses one or more hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) methods. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein the domain specific language defines a granularity of control over resources comprising quantities and combinations of uniform resource identifiers (URIs). 12. The method of claim 6, wherein the domain specific language comprises a range of claim values expressed as a method set, followed by a delimiter, and then a resource pattern. 13. The method of claim 6, wherein:
the claims are defined according to resource access control rules in the domain specific language; the domain specific language expresses at least one hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) method; and the domain specific language expresses a pattern of uniform resource identifier (URIs). 14. The method of claim 6, wherein claim values are represented as resource access control rules using the domain specific language to regulate permissions required by a representational state transfer (RESTful) application programming interface (API). 15. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one claim comprises at least one of read, write, get, put and delete methods. | 2,400 |
347,014 | 16,805,504 | 2,487 | In a remanufacturing method for remanufacturing a cartridge from a material cartridge, the material cartridge is attachable to and detachable from an apparatus main body of an image forming apparatus, and the apparatus main body includes a guide member. The material cartridge includes a frame member including an engagement portion configured to be engaged with the guide member, and a first attachment portion provided in the engagement portion, and a first storage member. The first storage member includes a first holding portion configured to hold a first electrode and be attached to the first attachment portion. The remanufacturing method includes detaching the first holding portion, attaching a second electrode to the frame member, and attaching a second storage element to the frame member at a different position from a position of the first attachment portion. | 1. A remanufacturing method for remanufacturing a cartridge from a material cartridge, the material cartridge being attachable to and detachable from an apparatus main body of an image forming apparatus, the apparatus main body including a main body electrode and a guide member configured to guide the material cartridge when the material cartridge is attached or detached,
the material cartridge comprising:
a frame member including an engagement portion configured to be engaged with the guide member, and a first attachment portion provided in the engagement portion; and
a first storage member including a first storage element configured to store information, a first electrode electrically connected to the first storage element, and a first holding portion configured to hold the first storage element and the first electrode, the first holding portion attached to the first attachment portion, the first electrode configured to come into contact with the main body electrode,
the remanufacturing method comprising:
detaching the first holding portion from the first attachment portion;
attaching a second electrode to the frame member; and
attaching a second storage element configured to store information to the frame member by attaching the second storage element to a second attachment portion located at a different position from a position of the first attachment portion,
wherein the second storage element and the second electrode are electrically connected together by a connection member, and wherein the second electrode is configured to come into contact with the main body electrode and placed in the engagement portion. 2. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 1, further comprising electrically connecting the second storage element and the second electrode with the connection member. 3. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the electrically connecting is performed after at least one of the second electrode and the second storage element is attached to the frame member. 4. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 1, wherein in a state where the second storage element and the second electrode are electrically connected together by the connection member, the second electrode and the second storage element are attached to the frame member. 5. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 1,
wherein the guide member includes a first guide surface and a second guide surface opposed to the first guide surface, and the first and second guide surfaces are configured to restrict a movement of the material cartridge in a first intersection direction intersecting an attachment direction of the material cartridge, wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the first attachment portion and the first electrode are located between the first and second guide surfaces, and wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the second electrode is located between the first and second guide surfaces. 6. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 5,
wherein the guide member includes a third guide surface configured to restrict a movement of the material cartridge in a second intersection direction intersecting the attachment direction and the first intersection direction, and wherein in a case where the engagement portion is guided by the guide member, the second electrode is placed opposed to the third guide. 7. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 6, wherein in the second intersection direction, the second attachment portion is located at a position away from the first guide surface. 8. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 6, wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the second attachment portion is opposed to the first guide surface. 9. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 5,
wherein the frame member includes a protruding portion, and the protruding portion is placed so that an end of the protruding portion is opposed to the first guide surface in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, and wherein the end is located at a position closer to the first guide surface than the second storage element. 10. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 1,
wherein the second electrode is attached to the first attachment portion through a second holding portion, and wherein the second storage element is attached to the second attachment portion through a third holding portion. 11. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the material cartridge further comprises an image bearing member configured to bear an electrostatic latent image and rotatably supported by the frame member. 12. A cartridge attachable to and detachable from an apparatus main body of an image forming apparatus, the apparatus main body including a main body electrode and a guide member configured to guide the cartridge when the cartridge is attached or detached, the cartridge comprising:
a frame member including an engagement portion configured to be engaged with the guide member; a cartridge electrode configured to come into contact with the main body electrode; an electrode holding portion configured to hold the cartridge electrode and be attached to the frame member; a storage element configured to store information; an element holding portion configured to hold the storage element and be attached to the frame member; and a connection member configured to electrically connect the cartridge electrode and the storage element, wherein the cartridge electrode and the electrode holding portion are placed in the engagement portion, and the element holding portion is attached to the frame member at a position away from the electrode holding portion. 13. The cartridge according to claim 12,
wherein the guide member includes a first guide surface and a second guide surface opposed to the first guide surface, and the first and second guide surfaces are configured to restrict a movement of the cartridge in a first intersection direction intersecting an attachment direction of the cartridge, and wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the cartridge electrode is located between the first and second guide surfaces. 14. The cartridge according to claim 13,
wherein the guide member includes a third guide surface configured to restrict a movement of the cartridge in a second intersection direction intersecting the attachment direction and the first intersection direction, and wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the cartridge electrode is placed opposed to the third guide. 15. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein in the second intersection direction, the element holding portion is located at a position away from the first guide surface. 16. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the element holding portion is placed at a position opposed to the first guide surface. 17. The cartridge according to claim 13,
wherein the frame member includes a protruding portion, and the protruding portion is placed so that in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, an end of the protruding portion is opposed to the first guide surface, and wherein the end is located at a position closer to the first guide surface than the storage element. 18. The cartridge according to claim 12,
wherein the frame member includes a slit into which the electrode holding portion is inserted, and wherein the element holding portion is larger than the slit. 19. The cartridge according to claim 12, wherein the connection member has flexibility. 20. The cartridge according to claim 12, further comprising an image bearing member configured to bear an electrostatic latent image and rotatably supported by the frame member. | In a remanufacturing method for remanufacturing a cartridge from a material cartridge, the material cartridge is attachable to and detachable from an apparatus main body of an image forming apparatus, and the apparatus main body includes a guide member. The material cartridge includes a frame member including an engagement portion configured to be engaged with the guide member, and a first attachment portion provided in the engagement portion, and a first storage member. The first storage member includes a first holding portion configured to hold a first electrode and be attached to the first attachment portion. The remanufacturing method includes detaching the first holding portion, attaching a second electrode to the frame member, and attaching a second storage element to the frame member at a different position from a position of the first attachment portion.1. A remanufacturing method for remanufacturing a cartridge from a material cartridge, the material cartridge being attachable to and detachable from an apparatus main body of an image forming apparatus, the apparatus main body including a main body electrode and a guide member configured to guide the material cartridge when the material cartridge is attached or detached,
the material cartridge comprising:
a frame member including an engagement portion configured to be engaged with the guide member, and a first attachment portion provided in the engagement portion; and
a first storage member including a first storage element configured to store information, a first electrode electrically connected to the first storage element, and a first holding portion configured to hold the first storage element and the first electrode, the first holding portion attached to the first attachment portion, the first electrode configured to come into contact with the main body electrode,
the remanufacturing method comprising:
detaching the first holding portion from the first attachment portion;
attaching a second electrode to the frame member; and
attaching a second storage element configured to store information to the frame member by attaching the second storage element to a second attachment portion located at a different position from a position of the first attachment portion,
wherein the second storage element and the second electrode are electrically connected together by a connection member, and wherein the second electrode is configured to come into contact with the main body electrode and placed in the engagement portion. 2. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 1, further comprising electrically connecting the second storage element and the second electrode with the connection member. 3. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 2, wherein the electrically connecting is performed after at least one of the second electrode and the second storage element is attached to the frame member. 4. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 1, wherein in a state where the second storage element and the second electrode are electrically connected together by the connection member, the second electrode and the second storage element are attached to the frame member. 5. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 1,
wherein the guide member includes a first guide surface and a second guide surface opposed to the first guide surface, and the first and second guide surfaces are configured to restrict a movement of the material cartridge in a first intersection direction intersecting an attachment direction of the material cartridge, wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the first attachment portion and the first electrode are located between the first and second guide surfaces, and wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the second electrode is located between the first and second guide surfaces. 6. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 5,
wherein the guide member includes a third guide surface configured to restrict a movement of the material cartridge in a second intersection direction intersecting the attachment direction and the first intersection direction, and wherein in a case where the engagement portion is guided by the guide member, the second electrode is placed opposed to the third guide. 7. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 6, wherein in the second intersection direction, the second attachment portion is located at a position away from the first guide surface. 8. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 6, wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the second attachment portion is opposed to the first guide surface. 9. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 5,
wherein the frame member includes a protruding portion, and the protruding portion is placed so that an end of the protruding portion is opposed to the first guide surface in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, and wherein the end is located at a position closer to the first guide surface than the second storage element. 10. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 1,
wherein the second electrode is attached to the first attachment portion through a second holding portion, and wherein the second storage element is attached to the second attachment portion through a third holding portion. 11. The remanufacturing method for remanufacturing the cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the material cartridge further comprises an image bearing member configured to bear an electrostatic latent image and rotatably supported by the frame member. 12. A cartridge attachable to and detachable from an apparatus main body of an image forming apparatus, the apparatus main body including a main body electrode and a guide member configured to guide the cartridge when the cartridge is attached or detached, the cartridge comprising:
a frame member including an engagement portion configured to be engaged with the guide member; a cartridge electrode configured to come into contact with the main body electrode; an electrode holding portion configured to hold the cartridge electrode and be attached to the frame member; a storage element configured to store information; an element holding portion configured to hold the storage element and be attached to the frame member; and a connection member configured to electrically connect the cartridge electrode and the storage element, wherein the cartridge electrode and the electrode holding portion are placed in the engagement portion, and the element holding portion is attached to the frame member at a position away from the electrode holding portion. 13. The cartridge according to claim 12,
wherein the guide member includes a first guide surface and a second guide surface opposed to the first guide surface, and the first and second guide surfaces are configured to restrict a movement of the cartridge in a first intersection direction intersecting an attachment direction of the cartridge, and wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the cartridge electrode is located between the first and second guide surfaces. 14. The cartridge according to claim 13,
wherein the guide member includes a third guide surface configured to restrict a movement of the cartridge in a second intersection direction intersecting the attachment direction and the first intersection direction, and wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the cartridge electrode is placed opposed to the third guide. 15. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein in the second intersection direction, the element holding portion is located at a position away from the first guide surface. 16. The cartridge according to claim 14, wherein in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, the element holding portion is placed at a position opposed to the first guide surface. 17. The cartridge according to claim 13,
wherein the frame member includes a protruding portion, and the protruding portion is placed so that in a case where the engagement portion is engaged with the guide member, an end of the protruding portion is opposed to the first guide surface, and wherein the end is located at a position closer to the first guide surface than the storage element. 18. The cartridge according to claim 12,
wherein the frame member includes a slit into which the electrode holding portion is inserted, and wherein the element holding portion is larger than the slit. 19. The cartridge according to claim 12, wherein the connection member has flexibility. 20. The cartridge according to claim 12, further comprising an image bearing member configured to bear an electrostatic latent image and rotatably supported by the frame member. | 2,400 |
347,015 | 16,805,494 | 2,487 | The silicone-based ink for additive manufacturing includes a siloxane macromer, and a porogen mixture comprising a water-soluble porogen and a surfactant. The product of additive manufacturing with a silicone-based ink includes a three-dimensional printed structure including a plurality of continuous filaments arranged in a predefined pattern and a plurality of inter-filament pores defined by the predefined pattern of the continuous filaments. In addition, each continuous filament of the three-dimensional printed structure includes a silicone matrix having an open cell structure with a plurality of intra-filament pores, and the intra-filament pores form continuous channels through the silicone matrix. | 1. A silicone-based ink for additive manufacturing, the ink comprising:
a siloxane macromer; and a porogen mixture comprising a water-soluble porogen and a surfactant. 2. The ink as recited in claim 1, wherein the siloxane macromer includes a vinyl-terminated siloxane macromer. 3. The ink as recited in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble porogen includes glycerol. 4. The ink as recited in claim 3, wherein a concentration of the glycerol is in a range of about 35 weight % to about 50 weight % of a total weight of the ink. 5. The ink as recited in claim 1, wherein the surfactant includes polyvinyl pyrrolidone. 6. The ink as recited in claim 5, where in a concentration of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone is in a range of greater than 0 wt % to about 25 weight % of a total weight of the ink. 7. The ink as recited in claim 1, further comprising a curing agent. 8. The ink as recited in claim 1, comprising an untreated silica. 9. The ink as recited in claim 1, comprising a rheology modifying additive. 10. The ink as recited in claim 1, wherein the porogen mixture further comprises a plurality of porogen particles. 11. The ink as recited in claim 10, wherein the porogen particles are selected from the group consisting of: urea particles, sugar particles, polyethylene glycol, and a combination thereof. 12. The ink as recited in claim 1, wherein a concentration of the siloxane macromer is in a range of about 25 weight % to about 70 weight % of a total weight of ink. 13. A product of additive manufacturing with a silicone-based ink, the product comprising:
a three-dimensional printed structure comprising:
a plurality of continuous filaments arranged in a predefined pattern, the continuous filaments each comprising a silicone matrix having an open cell structure with a plurality of intra-filament pores, wherein the intra-filament pores form continuous channels through the silicone matrix; and
a plurality of inter-filament pores, wherein the inter-filament pores are defined by the predefined pattern of the continuous filaments. 14. The product as recited in claim 13, wherein the silicone matrix includes vinyl terminated siloxane polymers. 15. The product as recited in claim 13, wherein the continuous filaments have an average diameter greater than about 100 microns. 16. The product as recited in claim 13, wherein the inter-filament pores are interconnected from a surface of the three-dimensional printed structure to a surface on an opposite side of the three-dimensional printed structure. 17. A method of forming a three-dimensional structure comprising a porous silicone matrix, the method comprising:
forming the three-dimensional structure using a siloxane mixture, the siloxane mixture comprising a siloxane macromer and a porogen mixture comprising glycerol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; curing the formed three-dimensional structure to at least a predefined extent to form a silicone matrix; and leaching the porogen mixture from the silicone matrix to result in a plurality of pores forming interconnected channels through the silicone matrix of the three-dimensional structure. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein forming the three-dimensional structure includes extruding a continuous filament of the siloxane mixture through a nozzle to form a printed three-dimensional structure having a plurality of continuous filaments arranged in a predefined pattern. 19. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the forming the three-dimensional structure includes forming a structure selected from the group consisting of: a mold, a cast, and a template. 20. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the siloxane mixture includes a curing agent and a crosslinking agent. 21. The method as recited in claim 20, wherein the siloxane mixture includes an effective amount of an inhibitor for controlling a rate of curing by the curing agent. 22. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein a concentration of the siloxane macromer is in a range of about 25 weight % to about 70 weight % of a total weight of the siloxane mixture. 23. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein a concentration of the glycerol is in a range of about 35 weight % to about 50 weight % of a total weight of the siloxane mixture. 24. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein a concentration of the glycerol is in a range of greater than 0 weight % to about 25 weight % of a total weight of the siloxane mixture. 25. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein leaching the porogen mixture comprises soaking the three-dimensional structure having the silicone matrix in an aqueous solution to dissolve the porogen mixture. 26. The method as recited in claim 17, further comprising, heating the three-dimensional structure having the silicone matrix for setting the silicone matrix. 27. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the porogen mixture further comprises particles selected from the group consisting of: urea particles, sugar particles, polyethylene glycol, and a combination thereof. 28. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the porous silicone matrix has an open cell structure. | The silicone-based ink for additive manufacturing includes a siloxane macromer, and a porogen mixture comprising a water-soluble porogen and a surfactant. The product of additive manufacturing with a silicone-based ink includes a three-dimensional printed structure including a plurality of continuous filaments arranged in a predefined pattern and a plurality of inter-filament pores defined by the predefined pattern of the continuous filaments. In addition, each continuous filament of the three-dimensional printed structure includes a silicone matrix having an open cell structure with a plurality of intra-filament pores, and the intra-filament pores form continuous channels through the silicone matrix.1. A silicone-based ink for additive manufacturing, the ink comprising:
a siloxane macromer; and a porogen mixture comprising a water-soluble porogen and a surfactant. 2. The ink as recited in claim 1, wherein the siloxane macromer includes a vinyl-terminated siloxane macromer. 3. The ink as recited in claim 1, wherein the water-soluble porogen includes glycerol. 4. The ink as recited in claim 3, wherein a concentration of the glycerol is in a range of about 35 weight % to about 50 weight % of a total weight of the ink. 5. The ink as recited in claim 1, wherein the surfactant includes polyvinyl pyrrolidone. 6. The ink as recited in claim 5, where in a concentration of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone is in a range of greater than 0 wt % to about 25 weight % of a total weight of the ink. 7. The ink as recited in claim 1, further comprising a curing agent. 8. The ink as recited in claim 1, comprising an untreated silica. 9. The ink as recited in claim 1, comprising a rheology modifying additive. 10. The ink as recited in claim 1, wherein the porogen mixture further comprises a plurality of porogen particles. 11. The ink as recited in claim 10, wherein the porogen particles are selected from the group consisting of: urea particles, sugar particles, polyethylene glycol, and a combination thereof. 12. The ink as recited in claim 1, wherein a concentration of the siloxane macromer is in a range of about 25 weight % to about 70 weight % of a total weight of ink. 13. A product of additive manufacturing with a silicone-based ink, the product comprising:
a three-dimensional printed structure comprising:
a plurality of continuous filaments arranged in a predefined pattern, the continuous filaments each comprising a silicone matrix having an open cell structure with a plurality of intra-filament pores, wherein the intra-filament pores form continuous channels through the silicone matrix; and
a plurality of inter-filament pores, wherein the inter-filament pores are defined by the predefined pattern of the continuous filaments. 14. The product as recited in claim 13, wherein the silicone matrix includes vinyl terminated siloxane polymers. 15. The product as recited in claim 13, wherein the continuous filaments have an average diameter greater than about 100 microns. 16. The product as recited in claim 13, wherein the inter-filament pores are interconnected from a surface of the three-dimensional printed structure to a surface on an opposite side of the three-dimensional printed structure. 17. A method of forming a three-dimensional structure comprising a porous silicone matrix, the method comprising:
forming the three-dimensional structure using a siloxane mixture, the siloxane mixture comprising a siloxane macromer and a porogen mixture comprising glycerol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone; curing the formed three-dimensional structure to at least a predefined extent to form a silicone matrix; and leaching the porogen mixture from the silicone matrix to result in a plurality of pores forming interconnected channels through the silicone matrix of the three-dimensional structure. 18. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein forming the three-dimensional structure includes extruding a continuous filament of the siloxane mixture through a nozzle to form a printed three-dimensional structure having a plurality of continuous filaments arranged in a predefined pattern. 19. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the forming the three-dimensional structure includes forming a structure selected from the group consisting of: a mold, a cast, and a template. 20. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the siloxane mixture includes a curing agent and a crosslinking agent. 21. The method as recited in claim 20, wherein the siloxane mixture includes an effective amount of an inhibitor for controlling a rate of curing by the curing agent. 22. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein a concentration of the siloxane macromer is in a range of about 25 weight % to about 70 weight % of a total weight of the siloxane mixture. 23. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein a concentration of the glycerol is in a range of about 35 weight % to about 50 weight % of a total weight of the siloxane mixture. 24. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein a concentration of the glycerol is in a range of greater than 0 weight % to about 25 weight % of a total weight of the siloxane mixture. 25. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein leaching the porogen mixture comprises soaking the three-dimensional structure having the silicone matrix in an aqueous solution to dissolve the porogen mixture. 26. The method as recited in claim 17, further comprising, heating the three-dimensional structure having the silicone matrix for setting the silicone matrix. 27. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the porogen mixture further comprises particles selected from the group consisting of: urea particles, sugar particles, polyethylene glycol, and a combination thereof. 28. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the porous silicone matrix has an open cell structure. | 2,400 |
347,016 | 16,805,435 | 2,487 | Aspects relate to wireless communications utilizing cross carrier scheduling Methods and apparatus include generating at least one slot in a control channel from a scheduling cell, the at least one slot including a plurality of control channel segments such as PDCCH segments, which are arranged at respective times within the at least one slot. Each of the control channel segments includes control information such as DCIs corresponding to respective slots for a scheduled cell. Distributing the control channel information in segments or spans over time affords improved decoding timing in a UE in the scheduled cell. | 1. A method of wireless communication comprising:
generating a control channel in at least one slot of a first cell, wherein the control channel includes a plurality of control channel segments arranged at a plurality of time instances within the at least one slot, and each of the plurality of control channel segments includes control information for one or more slots of one or more second cells; and transmitting the control channel to one or more user equipment (UE). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first cell comprises a scheduling cell and the one or more second cells comprise scheduled cells that are scheduled by the first cell. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the control channel is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmitted by the first cell to the one or more UEs in the one or more second cells. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information comprises one or more of a grant for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), a grant for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), downlink control indicators (DCIs) within a PDCCH, or a slot format indication. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the control channel is used for cross carrier scheduling of the one or more second cells. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the control channel is configured with a subcarrier spacing (SCS) that is lower than an SCS of a traffic channel used by the one or more second cells. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
associating each of the plurality of control channel segments with one or more particular slots in the one or more second cells. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein associating each of the plurality of control channel segments with the one or more particular slots in the one or more second cells further comprises aligning each of the plurality of control channel segments to a timing of the one or more particular slots in the one or more second cells. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of control channel segments contain respective control channel information corresponding to the slots in the one or more second cells. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of control channel segments contain the same control channel information corresponding to all of the slots in the one or more second cells. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein a predetermined maximum number of DCIs may be contained within each of the plurality of control channel segments for each of the one or more second cells. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a predetermined maximum number of DCIs may be contained within each of the plurality of control channel segments for all of the one or more second cells. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the predetermined maximum number of DCIs is determined based on a combination of a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the control channel of the first cell and the SCS of at least one of the one or more second cells. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the predetermined maximum number of DCIs is determined based on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the control channel of the first cell and is configured to cover all possible SCSs of the one or more second cells. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
each of the plurality of control channel segments comprising a downlink control indicator (DCI); and setting a predetermined maximum number N of DCIs that a UE of the one or more UEs is to decode for each control channel segment. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the DCIs are unicast DCIs. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
providing at least one unicast DCI for each slot of the second cell. 18. The method of claim 1, the control segment comprising a downlink control indicator (DCI), wherein the DCI is configured to include one of a plurality of format types of DCIs that are supported by a UE of the one or more UEs, wherein the plurality of format types includes one or more of a DCI for unicast transmission, a DCI for semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) activation/deactivation, a DCI for broadcast transmission, a DCI for random access and paging, a DCI for system information transmission, or a group common DCI. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the DCI for unicast transmission includes one or more of a DCI for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) unicast transmission, a DCI for DL unicast transmission; or a DCI for UL unicast transmission. 20. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
at least one processor; a transceiver communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
generate a transmission including a control channel in at least one slot of a first cell, wherein the control channel includes a plurality of control channel segments arranged a plurality of time instances within the at least one slot, and each of the plurality of control channel segments includes control information for one or more slots of one or more second cells; and
transmit the control channel to one or more user equipment (UE). 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first cell comprises a scheduling cell and the one or more second cells comprise scheduled cells that are scheduled by the first cell. 22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the control channel is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmitted by the first cell to one or more UEs in the one or more second cells. 23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the control channel is configured with a subcarrier spacing (SCS) that is lower than an SCS of the traffic channel. 24. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
receiving, by a user equipment (UE) from a first cell, a control channel in at least one slot, wherein the control channel includes a plurality of control channel segments arranged at a plurality of time instances within the at least one slot, and each of the plurality of control channel segments includes control information for one or more slots of a second cell; and decoding the control channel. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the control channel is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmitted by the scheduling cell to the UE. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the control information comprises one or more of a grant for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), a grant for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), downlink control indicators (DCIs) within a PDCCH, or a slot format indication. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the control channel is configured with a subcarrier spacing (SCS) that is lower than an SCS of the traffic channel for the one or more second cells. 28. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
each of the plurality of the control channel segments comprising a downlink control indicator (DCI); and determining a predetermined maximum number of DCIs that the UE is to decode for each control channel segment. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
at least one processor; a transceiver communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
receive a transmission in a user equipment, the transmission including a control channel from a scheduling cell, the at least one slot further including a plurality of control channel segments arranged at respective times within the at least one slot, wherein each of the plurality of control channel segments includes control information corresponding to respective slots in a traffic channel for one or more scheduled cells; and
decode the at least one slot to determine the control information. receive a transmission by a user equipment from a first cell, a control channel in at least one slot, wherein the control channel includes a plurality of control channel segments arranged at a plurality of time instances within the at least one slot, and each of the plurality of control channel segments includes control information for one or more slots of a second cell; and
decoding the control channel. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising:
each of the plurality of control channel segments comprising a downlink control indicator (DCI); and the at least one processor configured to set a predetermined maximum number N of DCIs that the apparatus is to decode for each of the plurality of control channel segments. | Aspects relate to wireless communications utilizing cross carrier scheduling Methods and apparatus include generating at least one slot in a control channel from a scheduling cell, the at least one slot including a plurality of control channel segments such as PDCCH segments, which are arranged at respective times within the at least one slot. Each of the control channel segments includes control information such as DCIs corresponding to respective slots for a scheduled cell. Distributing the control channel information in segments or spans over time affords improved decoding timing in a UE in the scheduled cell.1. A method of wireless communication comprising:
generating a control channel in at least one slot of a first cell, wherein the control channel includes a plurality of control channel segments arranged at a plurality of time instances within the at least one slot, and each of the plurality of control channel segments includes control information for one or more slots of one or more second cells; and transmitting the control channel to one or more user equipment (UE). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first cell comprises a scheduling cell and the one or more second cells comprise scheduled cells that are scheduled by the first cell. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the control channel is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmitted by the first cell to the one or more UEs in the one or more second cells. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the control information comprises one or more of a grant for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), a grant for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), downlink control indicators (DCIs) within a PDCCH, or a slot format indication. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the control channel is used for cross carrier scheduling of the one or more second cells. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the control channel is configured with a subcarrier spacing (SCS) that is lower than an SCS of a traffic channel used by the one or more second cells. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
associating each of the plurality of control channel segments with one or more particular slots in the one or more second cells. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein associating each of the plurality of control channel segments with the one or more particular slots in the one or more second cells further comprises aligning each of the plurality of control channel segments to a timing of the one or more particular slots in the one or more second cells. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of control channel segments contain respective control channel information corresponding to the slots in the one or more second cells. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of control channel segments contain the same control channel information corresponding to all of the slots in the one or more second cells. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein a predetermined maximum number of DCIs may be contained within each of the plurality of control channel segments for each of the one or more second cells. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a predetermined maximum number of DCIs may be contained within each of the plurality of control channel segments for all of the one or more second cells. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the predetermined maximum number of DCIs is determined based on a combination of a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the control channel of the first cell and the SCS of at least one of the one or more second cells. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the predetermined maximum number of DCIs is determined based on a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the control channel of the first cell and is configured to cover all possible SCSs of the one or more second cells. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
each of the plurality of control channel segments comprising a downlink control indicator (DCI); and setting a predetermined maximum number N of DCIs that a UE of the one or more UEs is to decode for each control channel segment. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the DCIs are unicast DCIs. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
providing at least one unicast DCI for each slot of the second cell. 18. The method of claim 1, the control segment comprising a downlink control indicator (DCI), wherein the DCI is configured to include one of a plurality of format types of DCIs that are supported by a UE of the one or more UEs, wherein the plurality of format types includes one or more of a DCI for unicast transmission, a DCI for semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) activation/deactivation, a DCI for broadcast transmission, a DCI for random access and paging, a DCI for system information transmission, or a group common DCI. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the DCI for unicast transmission includes one or more of a DCI for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) unicast transmission, a DCI for DL unicast transmission; or a DCI for UL unicast transmission. 20. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
at least one processor; a transceiver communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
generate a transmission including a control channel in at least one slot of a first cell, wherein the control channel includes a plurality of control channel segments arranged a plurality of time instances within the at least one slot, and each of the plurality of control channel segments includes control information for one or more slots of one or more second cells; and
transmit the control channel to one or more user equipment (UE). 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first cell comprises a scheduling cell and the one or more second cells comprise scheduled cells that are scheduled by the first cell. 22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the control channel is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmitted by the first cell to one or more UEs in the one or more second cells. 23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the control channel is configured with a subcarrier spacing (SCS) that is lower than an SCS of the traffic channel. 24. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
receiving, by a user equipment (UE) from a first cell, a control channel in at least one slot, wherein the control channel includes a plurality of control channel segments arranged at a plurality of time instances within the at least one slot, and each of the plurality of control channel segments includes control information for one or more slots of a second cell; and decoding the control channel. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the control channel is a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmitted by the scheduling cell to the UE. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the control information comprises one or more of a grant for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), a grant for physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), downlink control indicators (DCIs) within a PDCCH, or a slot format indication. 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the control channel is configured with a subcarrier spacing (SCS) that is lower than an SCS of the traffic channel for the one or more second cells. 28. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
each of the plurality of the control channel segments comprising a downlink control indicator (DCI); and determining a predetermined maximum number of DCIs that the UE is to decode for each control channel segment. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
at least one processor; a transceiver communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
receive a transmission in a user equipment, the transmission including a control channel from a scheduling cell, the at least one slot further including a plurality of control channel segments arranged at respective times within the at least one slot, wherein each of the plurality of control channel segments includes control information corresponding to respective slots in a traffic channel for one or more scheduled cells; and
decode the at least one slot to determine the control information. receive a transmission by a user equipment from a first cell, a control channel in at least one slot, wherein the control channel includes a plurality of control channel segments arranged at a plurality of time instances within the at least one slot, and each of the plurality of control channel segments includes control information for one or more slots of a second cell; and
decoding the control channel. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising:
each of the plurality of control channel segments comprising a downlink control indicator (DCI); and the at least one processor configured to set a predetermined maximum number N of DCIs that the apparatus is to decode for each of the plurality of control channel segments. | 2,400 |
347,017 | 16,805,387 | 2,487 | One or more implementations of the present specification provide risk control of transactions based on a graphical structure model. A graphical structure model trained by using labeled samples is obtained. The graphical structure model is defined based on a transaction data network that includes nodes representing entities in a transaction and edges representing relationships between the entities. Each labeled sample includes a label indicating whether a node corresponding to the labeled sample is a risky transaction node. The graphical structure model is configured to iteratively calculate an embedding vector of the node in a latent feature space based on an original feature of the node or a feature of an edge associated with the node. An embedding vector of an input sample is calculated by using the graphical structure model. Transaction risk control is performed on the input sample based on the embedding vector. | 1. A computer-implemented method for risk control of transactions, comprising:
obtaining a graphical structure model trained by using labeled samples, wherein the graphical structure model is defined based on a transaction data network, wherein the transaction data network comprises nodes representing entities in a transaction and edges representing relationships between the entities, wherein each labeled sample is labeled with information indicating whether a node corresponding to the labeled sample is a risky transaction node, and wherein the graphical structure model is configured to calculate, in a plurality of iterations, an embedding vector of the node in a latent feature space based on an original feature of the node or a feature of an edge associated with the node; calculating an embedding vector of an input sample by using the graphical structure model; and performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the graphical structure model is further configured to calculate a predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector, wherein the predicted probability represents a probability that the node is a risky transaction node; and performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating a predicted probability corresponding to the input sample by using the graphical structure model based on the embedding vector of the input sample; and
performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the predicted probability of the input sample. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples with a training objective that a consistency between the predicted probability and a corresponding sample labeling result is maximized. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the original feature of the node and the feature of the edge associated with the node comprises:
calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the following equation: 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the following equation: predi=softmax(W4*Hi T), 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
optimizing argminW 1 ,W 2 ,W 3 ,W 4 Σicorss_entrep(predi,yi) by using a back-propagation algorithm and the labeled samples to obtain optimal W1, W2, W3, and W4, wherein corss_entrep represents a function that is used to calculate cross entropy. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein an embedding vector of the node obtained after the tth iteration in the latent feature space is calculated based on the original feature of the node, a feature of an associated edge between the node and another node, and an embedding vector of the node obtained after the (t−1)th iteration in the latent feature space. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the transaction data network is built based on user transaction-related data. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
each entity of the entities comprise one of the following: a buyer user, a seller user, a buyer user account, an e-commerce platform account, a third-party payment platform account, a bank card, or a product; and the transaction data network comprises one or more of the following networks: a transaction network formed by the buyer user and the seller user, a relationship network of the buyer user and a debit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a relationship network of the buyer user and a credit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a same-person relationship network between user accounts, a family relationship network between user accounts, and a network formed by the buyer user and the product, wherein the user account comprises the e-commerce platform account or the third-party payment platform account. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the original feature comprises at least one of the following types of transaction data: a transaction amount, a quantity of transactions, a transaction time, a transaction location, a transaction target, and a transaction payment method; and the feature of the edge comprises transaction data or interpersonal relationship data jointly involved by nodes connected to the edge. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for risk control of transactions, comprising:
obtaining a graphical structure model trained by using labeled samples, wherein the graphical structure model is defined based on a transaction data network, wherein the transaction data network comprises nodes representing entities in a transaction and edges representing relationships between the entities, wherein each labeled sample is labeled with information indicating whether a node corresponding to the labeled sample is a risky transaction node, and wherein the graphical structure model is configured to calculate, in a plurality of iterations, an embedding vector of the node in a latent feature space based on an original feature of the node or a feature of an edge associated with the node; calculating an embedding vector of an input sample by using the graphical structure model; and performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein:
the graphical structure model is further configured to calculate a predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector, wherein the predicted probability represents a probability that the node is a risky transaction node; and performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating a predicted probability corresponding to the input sample by using the graphical structure model based on the embedding vector of the input sample; and
performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the predicted probability of the input sample. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples with a training objective that a consistency between the predicted probability and a corresponding sample labeling result is maximized. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the original feature of the node and the feature of the edge associated with the node comprises:
calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the following equation: 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the following equation:
predi=softmax(W 4 *H i T) 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
optimizing arg minW 1 ,W 2 ,W 3 ,W 4 Σicorss_entrep (predi,yi) by using a back-propagation algorithm and the labeled samples to obtain optimal W1, W2, W3, and W4, wherein corss_entrep represents a function that is used to calculate cross entropy. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein an embedding vector of the node obtained after the tth iteration in the latent feature space is calculated based on the original feature of the node, a feature of an associated edge between the node and another node, and an embedding vector of the node obtained after the (t−1)th iteration in the latent feature space. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the transaction data network is built based on user transaction-related data. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein:
each entity of the entities comprise one of the following: a buyer user, a seller user, a buyer user account, an e-commerce platform account, a third-party payment platform account, a bank card, or a product; and the transaction data network comprises one or more of the following networks: a transaction network formed by the buyer user and the seller user, a relationship network of the buyer user and a debit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a relationship network of the buyer user and a credit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a same-person relationship network between user accounts, a family relationship network between user accounts, and a network formed by the buyer user and the product, wherein the user account comprises the e-commerce platform account or the third-party payment platform account. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein:
the original feature comprises at least one of the following types of transaction data: a transaction amount, a quantity of transactions, a transaction time, a transaction location, a transaction target, and a transaction payment method; and the feature of the edge comprises transaction data or interpersonal relationship data jointly involved by nodes connected to the edge. 21. A computer-implemented system for risk control of transactions, comprising:
one or more computers; andone or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining a graphical structure model trained by using labeled samples, wherein the graphical structure model is defined based on a transaction data network, wherein the transaction data network comprises nodes representing entities in a transaction and edges representing relationships between the entities, wherein each labeled sample is labeled with information indicating whether a node corresponding to the labeled sample is a risky transaction node, and wherein the graphical structure model is configured to calculate, in a plurality of iterations, an embedding vector of the node in a latent feature space based on an original feature of the node or a feature of an edge associated with the node;
calculating an embedding vector of an input sample by using the graphical structure model; and
performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector. 22. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein:
the graphical structure model is further configured to calculate a predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector, wherein the predicted probability represents a probability that the node is a risky transaction node; and performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating a predicted probability corresponding to the input sample by using the graphical structure model based on the embedding vector of the input sample; and
performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the predicted probability of the input sample. 23. The computer-implemented system of claim 22, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples with a training objective that a consistency between the predicted probability and a corresponding sample labeling result is maximized. 24. The computer-implemented system of claim 22, wherein the calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the original feature of the node and the feature of the edge associated with the node comprises:
calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the following equation: 25. The computer-implemented system of claim 24, wherein the calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the following equation:
predi=softmax(W 4 *H i T) 26. The computer-implemented system of claim 25, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
optimizing arg minW 1 ,W 2 ,W 3 ,W 4 Σicorss_entrep (predi,yi) by using a back-propagation algorithm and the labeled samples to obtain optimal W1, W2, W3, and W4, wherein corss_entrep represents a function that is used to calculate cross entropy. 27. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein an embedding vector of the node obtained after the tth iteration in the latent feature space is calculated based on the original feature of the node, a feature of an associated edge between the node and another node, and an embedding vector of the node obtained after the (t−1)th iteration in the latent feature space. 28. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein the transaction data network is built based on user transaction-related data. 29. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein:
each entity of the entities comprise one of the following: a buyer user, a seller user, a buyer user account, an e-commerce platform account, a third-party payment platform account, a bank card, or a product; and the transaction data network comprises one or more of the following networks: a transaction network formed by the buyer user and the seller user, a relationship network of the buyer user and a debit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a relationship network of the buyer user and a credit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a same-person relationship network between user accounts, a family relationship network between user accounts, and a network formed by the buyer user and the product, wherein the user account comprises the e-commerce platform account or the third-party payment platform account. 30. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein:
the original feature comprises at least one of the following types of transaction data: a transaction amount, a quantity of transactions, a transaction time, a transaction location, a transaction target, and a transaction payment method; and the feature of the edge comprises transaction data or interpersonal relationship data jointly involved by nodes connected to the edge. | One or more implementations of the present specification provide risk control of transactions based on a graphical structure model. A graphical structure model trained by using labeled samples is obtained. The graphical structure model is defined based on a transaction data network that includes nodes representing entities in a transaction and edges representing relationships between the entities. Each labeled sample includes a label indicating whether a node corresponding to the labeled sample is a risky transaction node. The graphical structure model is configured to iteratively calculate an embedding vector of the node in a latent feature space based on an original feature of the node or a feature of an edge associated with the node. An embedding vector of an input sample is calculated by using the graphical structure model. Transaction risk control is performed on the input sample based on the embedding vector.1. A computer-implemented method for risk control of transactions, comprising:
obtaining a graphical structure model trained by using labeled samples, wherein the graphical structure model is defined based on a transaction data network, wherein the transaction data network comprises nodes representing entities in a transaction and edges representing relationships between the entities, wherein each labeled sample is labeled with information indicating whether a node corresponding to the labeled sample is a risky transaction node, and wherein the graphical structure model is configured to calculate, in a plurality of iterations, an embedding vector of the node in a latent feature space based on an original feature of the node or a feature of an edge associated with the node; calculating an embedding vector of an input sample by using the graphical structure model; and performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the graphical structure model is further configured to calculate a predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector, wherein the predicted probability represents a probability that the node is a risky transaction node; and performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating a predicted probability corresponding to the input sample by using the graphical structure model based on the embedding vector of the input sample; and
performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the predicted probability of the input sample. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples with a training objective that a consistency between the predicted probability and a corresponding sample labeling result is maximized. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the original feature of the node and the feature of the edge associated with the node comprises:
calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the following equation: 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein the calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the following equation: predi=softmax(W4*Hi T), 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
optimizing argminW 1 ,W 2 ,W 3 ,W 4 Σicorss_entrep(predi,yi) by using a back-propagation algorithm and the labeled samples to obtain optimal W1, W2, W3, and W4, wherein corss_entrep represents a function that is used to calculate cross entropy. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein an embedding vector of the node obtained after the tth iteration in the latent feature space is calculated based on the original feature of the node, a feature of an associated edge between the node and another node, and an embedding vector of the node obtained after the (t−1)th iteration in the latent feature space. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the transaction data network is built based on user transaction-related data. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
each entity of the entities comprise one of the following: a buyer user, a seller user, a buyer user account, an e-commerce platform account, a third-party payment platform account, a bank card, or a product; and the transaction data network comprises one or more of the following networks: a transaction network formed by the buyer user and the seller user, a relationship network of the buyer user and a debit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a relationship network of the buyer user and a credit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a same-person relationship network between user accounts, a family relationship network between user accounts, and a network formed by the buyer user and the product, wherein the user account comprises the e-commerce platform account or the third-party payment platform account. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the original feature comprises at least one of the following types of transaction data: a transaction amount, a quantity of transactions, a transaction time, a transaction location, a transaction target, and a transaction payment method; and the feature of the edge comprises transaction data or interpersonal relationship data jointly involved by nodes connected to the edge. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations for risk control of transactions, comprising:
obtaining a graphical structure model trained by using labeled samples, wherein the graphical structure model is defined based on a transaction data network, wherein the transaction data network comprises nodes representing entities in a transaction and edges representing relationships between the entities, wherein each labeled sample is labeled with information indicating whether a node corresponding to the labeled sample is a risky transaction node, and wherein the graphical structure model is configured to calculate, in a plurality of iterations, an embedding vector of the node in a latent feature space based on an original feature of the node or a feature of an edge associated with the node; calculating an embedding vector of an input sample by using the graphical structure model; and performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein:
the graphical structure model is further configured to calculate a predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector, wherein the predicted probability represents a probability that the node is a risky transaction node; and performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating a predicted probability corresponding to the input sample by using the graphical structure model based on the embedding vector of the input sample; and
performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the predicted probability of the input sample. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples with a training objective that a consistency between the predicted probability and a corresponding sample labeling result is maximized. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the original feature of the node and the feature of the edge associated with the node comprises:
calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the following equation: 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the following equation:
predi=softmax(W 4 *H i T) 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
optimizing arg minW 1 ,W 2 ,W 3 ,W 4 Σicorss_entrep (predi,yi) by using a back-propagation algorithm and the labeled samples to obtain optimal W1, W2, W3, and W4, wherein corss_entrep represents a function that is used to calculate cross entropy. 17. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein an embedding vector of the node obtained after the tth iteration in the latent feature space is calculated based on the original feature of the node, a feature of an associated edge between the node and another node, and an embedding vector of the node obtained after the (t−1)th iteration in the latent feature space. 18. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the transaction data network is built based on user transaction-related data. 19. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein:
each entity of the entities comprise one of the following: a buyer user, a seller user, a buyer user account, an e-commerce platform account, a third-party payment platform account, a bank card, or a product; and the transaction data network comprises one or more of the following networks: a transaction network formed by the buyer user and the seller user, a relationship network of the buyer user and a debit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a relationship network of the buyer user and a credit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a same-person relationship network between user accounts, a family relationship network between user accounts, and a network formed by the buyer user and the product, wherein the user account comprises the e-commerce platform account or the third-party payment platform account. 20. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 11, wherein:
the original feature comprises at least one of the following types of transaction data: a transaction amount, a quantity of transactions, a transaction time, a transaction location, a transaction target, and a transaction payment method; and the feature of the edge comprises transaction data or interpersonal relationship data jointly involved by nodes connected to the edge. 21. A computer-implemented system for risk control of transactions, comprising:
one or more computers; andone or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining a graphical structure model trained by using labeled samples, wherein the graphical structure model is defined based on a transaction data network, wherein the transaction data network comprises nodes representing entities in a transaction and edges representing relationships between the entities, wherein each labeled sample is labeled with information indicating whether a node corresponding to the labeled sample is a risky transaction node, and wherein the graphical structure model is configured to calculate, in a plurality of iterations, an embedding vector of the node in a latent feature space based on an original feature of the node or a feature of an edge associated with the node;
calculating an embedding vector of an input sample by using the graphical structure model; and
performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector. 22. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein:
the graphical structure model is further configured to calculate a predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector, wherein the predicted probability represents a probability that the node is a risky transaction node; and performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating a predicted probability corresponding to the input sample by using the graphical structure model based on the embedding vector of the input sample; and
performing transaction risk control on the input sample based on the predicted probability of the input sample. 23. The computer-implemented system of claim 22, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples with a training objective that a consistency between the predicted probability and a corresponding sample labeling result is maximized. 24. The computer-implemented system of claim 22, wherein the calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the original feature of the node and the feature of the edge associated with the node comprises:
calculating, in the plurality of iterations, the embedding vector of the node in the latent feature space based on the following equation: 25. The computer-implemented system of claim 24, wherein the calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the embedding vector comprises:
calculating the predicted probability of the node based on the following equation:
predi=softmax(W 4 *H i T) 26. The computer-implemented system of claim 25, wherein training the graphical structure model by using the labeled samples comprises:
optimizing arg minW 1 ,W 2 ,W 3 ,W 4 Σicorss_entrep (predi,yi) by using a back-propagation algorithm and the labeled samples to obtain optimal W1, W2, W3, and W4, wherein corss_entrep represents a function that is used to calculate cross entropy. 27. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein an embedding vector of the node obtained after the tth iteration in the latent feature space is calculated based on the original feature of the node, a feature of an associated edge between the node and another node, and an embedding vector of the node obtained after the (t−1)th iteration in the latent feature space. 28. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein the transaction data network is built based on user transaction-related data. 29. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein:
each entity of the entities comprise one of the following: a buyer user, a seller user, a buyer user account, an e-commerce platform account, a third-party payment platform account, a bank card, or a product; and the transaction data network comprises one or more of the following networks: a transaction network formed by the buyer user and the seller user, a relationship network of the buyer user and a debit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a relationship network of the buyer user and a credit card corresponding to the buyer user account, a same-person relationship network between user accounts, a family relationship network between user accounts, and a network formed by the buyer user and the product, wherein the user account comprises the e-commerce platform account or the third-party payment platform account. 30. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein:
the original feature comprises at least one of the following types of transaction data: a transaction amount, a quantity of transactions, a transaction time, a transaction location, a transaction target, and a transaction payment method; and the feature of the edge comprises transaction data or interpersonal relationship data jointly involved by nodes connected to the edge. | 2,400 |
347,018 | 16,805,475 | 2,487 | A display device includes a display panel, and a first flexible printed circuit board bonded to a side surface of the display panel. The display panel includes: a first substrate; a first extension wire on a top surface of the first substrate, the top surface being parallel to a first direction and a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; a first recess portion at a side surface of the first substrate; and a first pad that extends from the first extension wire in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions, the first pad being disposed in the recess portion, and the first extension wire and the first pad comprise the same material. | 1. A display device comprising:
a display panel; and a first flexible printed circuit board bonded to a side surface of the display panel, wherein the display panel comprises: a first substrate; a first extension wire on a top surface of the first substrate, the top surface being parallel to a first direction and a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; a first recess portion at a side surface of the first substrate; and a first pad that extends from the first extension wire in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions, the first pad being disposed in the first recess portion, and the first extension wire and the first pad comprise the same material. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel further comprises a data line that transmits a data voltage, and
the first extension wire is disposed in the same layer as the data line. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel further comprises a gate line that transmits a gate signal, and
the first extension wire is disposed in the same layer as the gate line. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first flexible printed circuit board is bonded to the first recess portion and is connected with the first pad. 5. The display device of claim 4, further comprising a second flexible printed circuit board that is bonded to a side surface of the display panel,
wherein the display panel further comprises: a second recess portion at the side surface of the first substrate; a second extension wire on the top surface of the first substrate; and a second pad that extends in the third direction from the second extension wire, the second pad being disposed in the second recess portion, and the second flexible printed circuit board is bonded to the second recess portion and is connected with the second pad. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein the display panel further comprises a first protrusion that is disposed between the first recess portion and the second recess portion. 7. The display device of claim 5, further comprising an anisotropic conductive film between the first flexible printed circuit board and the first pad. 8. The display device of claim 4, further comprising a second flexible printed circuit board bonded to the side surface of the display panel,
wherein the second flexible printed circuit board is bonded to the first recess portion. 9. The display device of claim 4, wherein the first flexible printed circuit board comprises a driver integrated circuit (IC). 10. A manufacturing method of a display device, comprising:
forming penetration holes along a cutting line of a mother board; forming a conductive layer and a photoresist layer on the mother board; forming a photoresist pattern by developing and exposing the photoresist layer; forming a conductive pattern by etching the conductive layer; and cutting the mother board along the cutting line so as to pass through the penetration holes. 11. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 10, wherein the conductive layer is disposed on a top surface of the mother board and is disposed on inner walls of the penetration holes, the forming the conductive pattern comprising the etching the conductive layer. 12. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 11, wherein, in the forming the conductive pattern, an extension wire is formed on the mother board, and pads are formed on the inner walls of the penetration holes. 13. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein, in the forming of the conductive layer, data lines and the pads are simultaneously formed on the mother board. 14. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein, in the forming of the conductive pattern, gate lines and the pads are simultaneously formed on the mother board. 15. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein, in the cutting of the mother board, the mother board is cut into unit boards, and each unit board comprises a first recess portion formed by cutting a first penetration hole among the penetration holes. 16. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 15, wherein, in the cutting of the mother board, the unit board comprises a second recess portion formed by cutting a second penetration hole among the penetration holes. 17. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 16, further comprising bonding a flexible printed circuit board after the cutting of the mother board,
wherein the bonding the flexible printed circuit board is carried out by bonding a first flexible printed circuit board to the first recess portion and bonding a second flexible printed circuit board to the second recess portion. 18. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 16, wherein, in the cutting of the mother board, a protrusion is formed between the first recess portion and the second recess portion. 19. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 15, further comprising bonding flexible printed circuit boards to the first recess portion after the cutting of the mother board. 20. The manufacturing method of claim 17, wherein the bonding the flexible printed circuit board is carried out by positioning an anisotropic conductive film between the flexible printed circuit board and the pads and performing compression at a high pressure or a high temperature. | A display device includes a display panel, and a first flexible printed circuit board bonded to a side surface of the display panel. The display panel includes: a first substrate; a first extension wire on a top surface of the first substrate, the top surface being parallel to a first direction and a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; a first recess portion at a side surface of the first substrate; and a first pad that extends from the first extension wire in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions, the first pad being disposed in the recess portion, and the first extension wire and the first pad comprise the same material.1. A display device comprising:
a display panel; and a first flexible printed circuit board bonded to a side surface of the display panel, wherein the display panel comprises: a first substrate; a first extension wire on a top surface of the first substrate, the top surface being parallel to a first direction and a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; a first recess portion at a side surface of the first substrate; and a first pad that extends from the first extension wire in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions, the first pad being disposed in the first recess portion, and the first extension wire and the first pad comprise the same material. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel further comprises a data line that transmits a data voltage, and
the first extension wire is disposed in the same layer as the data line. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display panel further comprises a gate line that transmits a gate signal, and
the first extension wire is disposed in the same layer as the gate line. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first flexible printed circuit board is bonded to the first recess portion and is connected with the first pad. 5. The display device of claim 4, further comprising a second flexible printed circuit board that is bonded to a side surface of the display panel,
wherein the display panel further comprises: a second recess portion at the side surface of the first substrate; a second extension wire on the top surface of the first substrate; and a second pad that extends in the third direction from the second extension wire, the second pad being disposed in the second recess portion, and the second flexible printed circuit board is bonded to the second recess portion and is connected with the second pad. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein the display panel further comprises a first protrusion that is disposed between the first recess portion and the second recess portion. 7. The display device of claim 5, further comprising an anisotropic conductive film between the first flexible printed circuit board and the first pad. 8. The display device of claim 4, further comprising a second flexible printed circuit board bonded to the side surface of the display panel,
wherein the second flexible printed circuit board is bonded to the first recess portion. 9. The display device of claim 4, wherein the first flexible printed circuit board comprises a driver integrated circuit (IC). 10. A manufacturing method of a display device, comprising:
forming penetration holes along a cutting line of a mother board; forming a conductive layer and a photoresist layer on the mother board; forming a photoresist pattern by developing and exposing the photoresist layer; forming a conductive pattern by etching the conductive layer; and cutting the mother board along the cutting line so as to pass through the penetration holes. 11. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 10, wherein the conductive layer is disposed on a top surface of the mother board and is disposed on inner walls of the penetration holes, the forming the conductive pattern comprising the etching the conductive layer. 12. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 11, wherein, in the forming the conductive pattern, an extension wire is formed on the mother board, and pads are formed on the inner walls of the penetration holes. 13. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein, in the forming of the conductive layer, data lines and the pads are simultaneously formed on the mother board. 14. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein, in the forming of the conductive pattern, gate lines and the pads are simultaneously formed on the mother board. 15. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein, in the cutting of the mother board, the mother board is cut into unit boards, and each unit board comprises a first recess portion formed by cutting a first penetration hole among the penetration holes. 16. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 15, wherein, in the cutting of the mother board, the unit board comprises a second recess portion formed by cutting a second penetration hole among the penetration holes. 17. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 16, further comprising bonding a flexible printed circuit board after the cutting of the mother board,
wherein the bonding the flexible printed circuit board is carried out by bonding a first flexible printed circuit board to the first recess portion and bonding a second flexible printed circuit board to the second recess portion. 18. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 16, wherein, in the cutting of the mother board, a protrusion is formed between the first recess portion and the second recess portion. 19. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 15, further comprising bonding flexible printed circuit boards to the first recess portion after the cutting of the mother board. 20. The manufacturing method of claim 17, wherein the bonding the flexible printed circuit board is carried out by positioning an anisotropic conductive film between the flexible printed circuit board and the pads and performing compression at a high pressure or a high temperature. | 2,400 |
347,019 | 16,805,393 | 2,487 | This disclosure features chemical entities (e.g., a compound exhibiting activity as a mitochondrial uncoupling agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrate and/or cocrystal thereof, e.g., a compound, such as niclosamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrate and/or cocrystal thereof, e.g., a compound, such as a niclosamide analog, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrate and/or cocrystal thereof) that are useful, e.g., for treating one or more symptoms of a pathology characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases) in a subject (e.g., a human). This disclosure also features compositions as well as other methods of using and making the same. | 1. A method for treating iatrogenic autoimmune colitis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject, wherein the iatrogenic autoimmune colitis is induced by an immune checkpoint inhibitor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor targets an immune checkpoint receptor selected from the group consisting of CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-1-PD-L1, PD-1-PD-L2, interleukin-2 (IL-2), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin 3 (TIM3 or HAVCR2), Galectin 9-TIM3, Phosphatidylserine-TIM3, lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3), MHC class II-LAG3, 4-IBB-4-BB ligand, OX40-OX40 ligand, GITR, GITR ligand-GITR, CD27, CD70-CD27, TNFRSF25, TNFRSF25-TL1A, CD40L, CD40-CD40 ligand, HVEM-LIGHT-LTA, HVEM, HVEM-BTLA, HVEM-CD160, HVEM-LIGHT, HVEM-BTLA-CD160, CD80, CD80-PDL-, PDL2-CD80, CD244, CD48-CD244, CD244, ICOS, ICOS-ICOS ligand, B7-H3, B7-H4, VISTA, TMIGD2, HHLA2-TMIGD2, Butyrophilins, including BTNL2, Siglec family, TIGIT and PVR family members, KIRs, ILTs and LIRs, NKG2D and NKG2A, MICA and MICB, CD244, CD28, CD86-CD28, CD86-CTLA, CD80-CD28, CD39, CD73 Adenosine-CD39-CD73, CXCR4-CXCL12, Phosphatidylserine, TIM3, Phosphatidylserine-TIM3, SIRPA-CD47, VEGF, Neuropilin, CD160, CD30, and CD155. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Urelumab, PF-05082566, MEDI6469, TRX518, Varlilumab, CP-870893, Pembrolizumab (PD1), Nivolumab (PD1), Atezolizumab (formerly MPDL3280A) (PDL1), MEDI4736 (PD-L1), Avelumab (PD-L1), PDR001 (PD1), BMS-986016, MGA271, Lirilumab, IPH2201, Emactuzumab, INCB024360, Galunisertib, Ulocuplumab, BKT140, Bavituximab, CC-90002, Bevacizumab, and MNRP1685A, and MGA271. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor targets CTLA-4. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antibody. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the antibody is ipilimumab or tremelimumab. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the antibody is ipilimumab. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor targets PD1 or PD-L1. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected from nivolumab, lambroizumab, and BMS-936559. 10. The method of claim 1, the method comprising administering an effective amount of niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the GI tract of the subject. 11. The method of claim 1, the method comprising, wherein the method comprises locally administering an effective amount of niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject to the GI tract of the subject. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises topically administering an effective amount of niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject to the GI tract of the subject. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered by rectal administration. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered by enema, rectal gel, rectal foam, rectal aerosol, or suppository. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered by enema. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered by oral administration. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered by tablet or pill. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the GI tract is higher than the concentration of the mitochondrial uncoupling agent in the plasma compartment. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the niclosamide in the plasma compartment is subject to first pass metabolism. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the GI tract is about 5 times higher than the concentration of the niclosamide in the plasma compartment. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the colon is higher than the concentration of the niclosamide in the plasma compartment. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the colon is about 5 times higher than the concentration of the niclosamide in the plasma compartment. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the rectal mucosa is higher than the concentration of the niclosamide in the plasma compartment. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the rectal mucosa is about 5 times higher than the concentration of the niclosamide in the plasma compartment. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises administering niclosamide. 26. A method for treating iatrogenic autoimmune colitis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering an effective amount of niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject, wherein the iatrogenic autoimmune colitis is induced by an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor targets CTLA-4. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antibody. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the antibody is ipilimumab. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the method comprises administering niclosamide. 30. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. | This disclosure features chemical entities (e.g., a compound exhibiting activity as a mitochondrial uncoupling agent or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrate and/or cocrystal thereof, e.g., a compound, such as niclosamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrate and/or cocrystal thereof, e.g., a compound, such as a niclosamide analog, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrate and/or cocrystal thereof) that are useful, e.g., for treating one or more symptoms of a pathology characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases) in a subject (e.g., a human). This disclosure also features compositions as well as other methods of using and making the same.1. A method for treating iatrogenic autoimmune colitis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject, wherein the iatrogenic autoimmune colitis is induced by an immune checkpoint inhibitor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor targets an immune checkpoint receptor selected from the group consisting of CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-1-PD-L1, PD-1-PD-L2, interleukin-2 (IL-2), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin 3 (TIM3 or HAVCR2), Galectin 9-TIM3, Phosphatidylserine-TIM3, lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3), MHC class II-LAG3, 4-IBB-4-BB ligand, OX40-OX40 ligand, GITR, GITR ligand-GITR, CD27, CD70-CD27, TNFRSF25, TNFRSF25-TL1A, CD40L, CD40-CD40 ligand, HVEM-LIGHT-LTA, HVEM, HVEM-BTLA, HVEM-CD160, HVEM-LIGHT, HVEM-BTLA-CD160, CD80, CD80-PDL-, PDL2-CD80, CD244, CD48-CD244, CD244, ICOS, ICOS-ICOS ligand, B7-H3, B7-H4, VISTA, TMIGD2, HHLA2-TMIGD2, Butyrophilins, including BTNL2, Siglec family, TIGIT and PVR family members, KIRs, ILTs and LIRs, NKG2D and NKG2A, MICA and MICB, CD244, CD28, CD86-CD28, CD86-CTLA, CD80-CD28, CD39, CD73 Adenosine-CD39-CD73, CXCR4-CXCL12, Phosphatidylserine, TIM3, Phosphatidylserine-TIM3, SIRPA-CD47, VEGF, Neuropilin, CD160, CD30, and CD155. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: Urelumab, PF-05082566, MEDI6469, TRX518, Varlilumab, CP-870893, Pembrolizumab (PD1), Nivolumab (PD1), Atezolizumab (formerly MPDL3280A) (PDL1), MEDI4736 (PD-L1), Avelumab (PD-L1), PDR001 (PD1), BMS-986016, MGA271, Lirilumab, IPH2201, Emactuzumab, INCB024360, Galunisertib, Ulocuplumab, BKT140, Bavituximab, CC-90002, Bevacizumab, and MNRP1685A, and MGA271. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor targets CTLA-4. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antibody. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the antibody is ipilimumab or tremelimumab. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the antibody is ipilimumab. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor targets PD1 or PD-L1. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is selected from nivolumab, lambroizumab, and BMS-936559. 10. The method of claim 1, the method comprising administering an effective amount of niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the GI tract of the subject. 11. The method of claim 1, the method comprising, wherein the method comprises locally administering an effective amount of niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject to the GI tract of the subject. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises topically administering an effective amount of niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject to the GI tract of the subject. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered by rectal administration. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered by enema, rectal gel, rectal foam, rectal aerosol, or suppository. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered by enema. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered by oral administration. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered by tablet or pill. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the GI tract is higher than the concentration of the mitochondrial uncoupling agent in the plasma compartment. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the niclosamide in the plasma compartment is subject to first pass metabolism. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the GI tract is about 5 times higher than the concentration of the niclosamide in the plasma compartment. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the colon is higher than the concentration of the niclosamide in the plasma compartment. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the colon is about 5 times higher than the concentration of the niclosamide in the plasma compartment. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the rectal mucosa is higher than the concentration of the niclosamide in the plasma compartment. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein upon administration, the concentration of the niclosamide in the rectal mucosa is about 5 times higher than the concentration of the niclosamide in the plasma compartment. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises administering niclosamide. 26. A method for treating iatrogenic autoimmune colitis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering an effective amount of niclosamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to the subject, wherein the iatrogenic autoimmune colitis is induced by an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor targets CTLA-4. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitor is an antibody. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the antibody is ipilimumab. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the method comprises administering niclosamide. 30. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. | 2,400 |
347,020 | 16,805,478 | 2,487 | Techniques for detecting malware via scanning for dynamically generated function pointers in memory are disclosed. In some embodiments, a system/process/computer program product for detecting malware via scanning for dynamically generated function pointers in memory includes monitoring changes in memory during execution of a malware sample in a computing environment; detecting a dynamically generated function pointer in memory based on an analysis of the monitored changes in memory during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment; and generating a signature based on detection of the dynamically generated function pointer in memory, wherein the malware sample was determined to be malicious. | 1. A system, comprising:
a processor configured to:
perform dynamic analysis of a malware sample for detecting malware via scanning for dynamically generated function pointers in memory;
monitor changes in memory during execution of a malware sample in a computing environment;
detect a dynamically generated function pointer in memory based on an analysis of the monitored changes in memory during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment; and
generate an interface that includes a graphical visualization of a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched during execution of the malware sample in a computing environment, wherein the graphical visualization of the plurality of pages in memory indicates detection of the dynamically generated function pointer associated with one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample; and
a memory coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions. 2. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the computing environment comprises a virtual machine instance. 3. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify, in the interface, one or more of the following:
a system call event detected during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment;
a time associated with a snapshot of the memory generated during the execution of the malware sample; and
a type of memory associated with the one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample. 4. The system recited in claim 1, wherein an output of the monitored changes in memory after a system call event during execution of the malware sample for a predetermined period of time in the computing environment is reassembled and analyzed to identify a potential malware binary, and wherein the potential malware binary is submitted for dynamic analysis and/or static analysis. 5. The system recited in claim 1, wherein a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample are identified and monitored for changes after one or more system call events during execution of the malware sample for a predetermined period of time in the computing environment. 6. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a plurality of malware samples; and deduplicate the plurality of malware samples. 7. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a plurality of malware samples; deduplicate the plurality of malware samples to output a first malware sample; and execute the first malware sample in the computing environment. 8. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample in the computing environment; and perform an initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory associated with the process at initial time t0 and cache the initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory to provide a baseline for contents in memory while executing the malware sample in the computing environment. 9. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample in the computing environment; perform an initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory associated with the process at initial time t0 and cache the initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory to provide a baseline for contents in memory while executing the malware sample in the computing environment; and perform a final snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory associated with the process at subsequent time tn after a predetermined period of time or after completion of execution of the malware sample in the computing environment. 10. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample in the computing environment; perform an initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory associated with the process at initial time t0 and cache the initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory to provide a baseline for contents in memory while executing the malware sample in the computing environment; and perform another snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory associated with the process at subsequent time tn after a predetermined period of time or after a system call event if any return address in a call stack points to a memory address that has changed since the initial snapshot. 11. The system recited in claim 1, wherein a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample are identified and monitored for changes during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment, and wherein the processor is further configured to:
maintain a list of memory locations of accessible system functions; search the memory for the list of memory locations; periodically search the memory after predetermined execution events to detect any memory pointers in the memory; filter the memory locations where pointers to the system functions were detected in the memory to generate a set of system API function pointers; and automatically analyze the set of system API function pointers to determine whether the malware sample attempted to obfuscate suspicious or malicious behavior. 12. A method, comprising:
performing dynamic analysis of a malware sample for detecting malware via scanning for dynamically generated function pointers in memory; monitoring changes in memory during execution of a malware sample in a computing environment; detecting a dynamically generated function pointer in memory based on an analysis of the monitored changes in memory during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment; and generating an interface that includes a graphical visualization of a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched during execution of the malware sample in a computing environment, wherein the graphical visualization of the plurality of pages in memory indicates detection of the dynamically generated function pointer associated with one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the computing environment comprises a virtual machine instance. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
identifying, in the interface, one or more of the following:
a system call event detected during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment;
a time associated with a snapshot of the memory generated during the execution of the malware sample; and
a type of memory associated with the one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein an output of the monitored changes in memory after a system call event during execution of the malware sample for a predetermined period of time in the computing environment is reassembled and analyzed to identify a potential malware binary. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein an output of the monitored changes in memory after a system call event during execution of the malware sample for a predetermined period of time in the computing environment is reassembled and analyzed to identify a potential malware binary, and wherein the potential malware binary is submitted for dynamic analysis and/or static analysis. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample are identified and monitored for changes after one or more system call events during execution of the malware sample for a predetermined period of time in the computing environment. 18. A computer program product, the computer program product being embodied in a tangible computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
performing dynamic analysis of a malware sample for detecting malware via scanning for dynamically generated function pointers in memory; monitoring changes in memory during execution of a malware sample in a computing environment; detecting a dynamically generated function pointer in memory based on an analysis of the monitored changes in memory during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment; and generating an interface that includes a graphical visualization of a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched during execution of the malware sample in a computing environment, wherein the graphical visualization of the plurality of pages in memory indicates detection of the dynamically generated function pointer associated with one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample. 19. The computer program product recited in claim 18, wherein the computing environment comprises a virtual machine instance. 20. The computer program product recited in claim 18, further comprising computer instructions for:
identifying, in the interface, one or more of the following:
a system call event detected during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment;
a time associated with a snapshot of the memory generated during the execution of the malware sample; and
a type of memory associated with the one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample. | Techniques for detecting malware via scanning for dynamically generated function pointers in memory are disclosed. In some embodiments, a system/process/computer program product for detecting malware via scanning for dynamically generated function pointers in memory includes monitoring changes in memory during execution of a malware sample in a computing environment; detecting a dynamically generated function pointer in memory based on an analysis of the monitored changes in memory during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment; and generating a signature based on detection of the dynamically generated function pointer in memory, wherein the malware sample was determined to be malicious.1. A system, comprising:
a processor configured to:
perform dynamic analysis of a malware sample for detecting malware via scanning for dynamically generated function pointers in memory;
monitor changes in memory during execution of a malware sample in a computing environment;
detect a dynamically generated function pointer in memory based on an analysis of the monitored changes in memory during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment; and
generate an interface that includes a graphical visualization of a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched during execution of the malware sample in a computing environment, wherein the graphical visualization of the plurality of pages in memory indicates detection of the dynamically generated function pointer associated with one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample; and
a memory coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions. 2. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the computing environment comprises a virtual machine instance. 3. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify, in the interface, one or more of the following:
a system call event detected during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment;
a time associated with a snapshot of the memory generated during the execution of the malware sample; and
a type of memory associated with the one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample. 4. The system recited in claim 1, wherein an output of the monitored changes in memory after a system call event during execution of the malware sample for a predetermined period of time in the computing environment is reassembled and analyzed to identify a potential malware binary, and wherein the potential malware binary is submitted for dynamic analysis and/or static analysis. 5. The system recited in claim 1, wherein a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample are identified and monitored for changes after one or more system call events during execution of the malware sample for a predetermined period of time in the computing environment. 6. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a plurality of malware samples; and deduplicate the plurality of malware samples. 7. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a plurality of malware samples; deduplicate the plurality of malware samples to output a first malware sample; and execute the first malware sample in the computing environment. 8. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample in the computing environment; and perform an initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory associated with the process at initial time t0 and cache the initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory to provide a baseline for contents in memory while executing the malware sample in the computing environment. 9. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample in the computing environment; perform an initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory associated with the process at initial time t0 and cache the initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory to provide a baseline for contents in memory while executing the malware sample in the computing environment; and perform a final snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory associated with the process at subsequent time tn after a predetermined period of time or after completion of execution of the malware sample in the computing environment. 10. The system recited in claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample in the computing environment; perform an initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory associated with the process at initial time t0 and cache the initial snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory to provide a baseline for contents in memory while executing the malware sample in the computing environment; and perform another snapshot of all of the plurality of pages in memory associated with the process at subsequent time tn after a predetermined period of time or after a system call event if any return address in a call stack points to a memory address that has changed since the initial snapshot. 11. The system recited in claim 1, wherein a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample are identified and monitored for changes during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment, and wherein the processor is further configured to:
maintain a list of memory locations of accessible system functions; search the memory for the list of memory locations; periodically search the memory after predetermined execution events to detect any memory pointers in the memory; filter the memory locations where pointers to the system functions were detected in the memory to generate a set of system API function pointers; and automatically analyze the set of system API function pointers to determine whether the malware sample attempted to obfuscate suspicious or malicious behavior. 12. A method, comprising:
performing dynamic analysis of a malware sample for detecting malware via scanning for dynamically generated function pointers in memory; monitoring changes in memory during execution of a malware sample in a computing environment; detecting a dynamically generated function pointer in memory based on an analysis of the monitored changes in memory during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment; and generating an interface that includes a graphical visualization of a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched during execution of the malware sample in a computing environment, wherein the graphical visualization of the plurality of pages in memory indicates detection of the dynamically generated function pointer associated with one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the computing environment comprises a virtual machine instance. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
identifying, in the interface, one or more of the following:
a system call event detected during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment;
a time associated with a snapshot of the memory generated during the execution of the malware sample; and
a type of memory associated with the one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein an output of the monitored changes in memory after a system call event during execution of the malware sample for a predetermined period of time in the computing environment is reassembled and analyzed to identify a potential malware binary. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein an output of the monitored changes in memory after a system call event during execution of the malware sample for a predetermined period of time in the computing environment is reassembled and analyzed to identify a potential malware binary, and wherein the potential malware binary is submitted for dynamic analysis and/or static analysis. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched by executing the malware sample are identified and monitored for changes after one or more system call events during execution of the malware sample for a predetermined period of time in the computing environment. 18. A computer program product, the computer program product being embodied in a tangible computer readable storage medium and comprising computer instructions for:
performing dynamic analysis of a malware sample for detecting malware via scanning for dynamically generated function pointers in memory; monitoring changes in memory during execution of a malware sample in a computing environment; detecting a dynamically generated function pointer in memory based on an analysis of the monitored changes in memory during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment; and generating an interface that includes a graphical visualization of a plurality of pages in memory associated with a process launched during execution of the malware sample in a computing environment, wherein the graphical visualization of the plurality of pages in memory indicates detection of the dynamically generated function pointer associated with one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample. 19. The computer program product recited in claim 18, wherein the computing environment comprises a virtual machine instance. 20. The computer program product recited in claim 18, further comprising computer instructions for:
identifying, in the interface, one or more of the following:
a system call event detected during execution of the malware sample in the computing environment;
a time associated with a snapshot of the memory generated during the execution of the malware sample; and
a type of memory associated with the one or more of the plurality of pages in memory that were modified during execution of the malware sample. | 2,400 |
347,021 | 16,805,526 | 2,487 | A thin-film device for a wavelength-tunable semiconductor laser. The device includes a cavity between a high-reflectivity facet and an anti-reflection facet designed to emit a laser light of a wavelength in a tunable range determined by two Vernier-ring resonators with a joint-free-spectral-range between a first wavelength and a second wavelength. The device further includes a film including multiple pairs of a first layer and a second layer sequentially stacking to an outer side of the high-reflectivity facet. Each layer in each pair has one unit of respective optical thickness except one first or second layer in one pair having a larger optical thickness. The film is configured to produce inner reflectivity of the laser light from the high-reflectivity facet at least >90% for wavelengths in the tunable range starting from the first wavelength but at least <50% for wavelengths in a 25 nm range around the second wavelength. | 1. A thin-film device for a wavelength-tunable semiconductor laser comprising:
a cavity between a high-reflectivity facet and an anti-reflection facet designed to emit a laser light of a wavelength in a tunable range determined by at least two Vernier-ring resonators with a joint-free-spectral-range between a first wavelength and a second wavelength; a film including multiple pairs of layers each containing a first layer and a second layer sequentially stacking to an outer side of the high-reflectivity facet, each of the first layer and the second layer in each pair having one unit of respective optical thickness except one first or second layer in one pair having a larger optical thickness; wherein the film is configured to produce inner reflectivity of the laser light from the high-reflectivity facet at least greater than 90% for wavelengths in the tunable range starting from the first wavelength but at least smaller than 50% for wavelengths in a 25 nm range around the second wavelength. 2. The thin-film device of claim 1 wherein the cavity is part of a gain chip comprising an indium phosphide PN junction in a linear waveguide configuration. 3. The thin-film device of claim 1 wherein the first layer of each of the multiple pairs of layers comprises a high-index material and the second layer comprises a low-index material. 4. The thin-film device of claim 3 wherein the high-index material is one selected from a Si layer, and the low-index material is one selected from a SiO2 layer, a Al2O3 layer. 5. The thin-film device of claim 3 wherein each first layer except one in the one pair and each second layer among the multiple pairs of layers have respective optical thickness substantially equal to a quarter of a reference wavelength. 6. The thin-film device of claim 5 wherein the reference wavelength is selected from one that is substantially smaller than the second wavelength. 7. The thin-film device of claim 1 wherein the multiple pairs of layers comprise at least 5 pairs of layers including the one pair with the larger optical thickness in either the first layer or the second layer to yield at least 3 dB loss of reflectivity for wavelengths around the second wavelength comparing to reflectivity of greater than 90% for wavelengths in the tunable range. 8. The thin-film device of claim 7 wherein the one pair is disposed to a middle position of the at least 5 pairs of layers and the larger optical thickness in either the first layer or the second layer provides additional phase shift to achieve maximized reflectivity loss for wavelengths around the second wavelength. 9. The thin-film device of claim 7 wherein the tunable range is given from a lower end of the joint-free-spectral-range at the first wavelength of 1526 nm to up to a mid-point of the joint-free-spectral-range at 1568 nm, an extended C-band, and the film at the high-reflectivity facet yields at least 50% reflectivity loss at a higher end of the joint-free-spectral-range at the second wavelength of 1610 nm. 10. A gain chip of a wavelength tunable semiconductor laser comprising:
a lasing cavity comprising an active region between a high-reflectivity facet and an anti-reflection facet, the lasing cavity being designed to emit a laser light of a wavelength in a tunable range determined by at least two Vernier-ring resonators with a joint-free-spectral-range between a first wavelength and a second wavelength; a film including multiple pairs of layers each containing a first layer and a second layer sequentially stacking to an outer side of the high-reflectivity facet, each of the first layer and the second layer in each pair having one unit of respective optical thickness except one first or second layer in one pair having a larger optical thickness; wherein the film is configured to produce inner reflectivity of the laser light from the high-reflectivity facet at least greater than 90% for wavelengths in the tunable range starting from the first wavelength but at least smaller than 50% for wavelengths in a 25 nm range around the second wavelength. 11. The gain chip of claim 10 wherein the active region comprises an indium phosphide PN junction in a linear waveguide configuration to emit the laser excitation between the high-reflectivity facet and an anti-reflection facet. 12. The gain chip of claim 10 wherein the first layer of each of the multiple pairs of layers comprises a high-index material and the second layer comprises a low-index material. 13. The gain chip of claim 12 wherein the high-index material is one selected from a Si layer, and the low-index material is one selected from a SiO2 layer, a Al2O3 layer. 14. The gain chip of claim 12 wherein each first layer except one in the one pair and each second layer among the multiple pairs of layers have respective optical thickness substantially equal to a quarter of a reference wavelength which is substantially smaller than the second wavelength. 15. The gain chip of claim 10 wherein the multiple pairs of layers comprise at least 5 pairs of layers including the one pair with the larger optical thickness in either the first layer or the second layer to yield at least 3 dB loss of reflectivity for wavelengths around the second wavelength comparing to reflectivity of greater than 90% for wavelengths in the tunable range. 16. The gain chip of claim 15 wherein the one pair is disposed to a middle position of the at least 5 pairs of layers and the larger optical thickness in either the first layer or the second layer is tuned to yield additional phase shift for maximizing reflectivity loss around the second wavelength to filter out laser light associated with higher order of the joint-free-spectral-range. 17. The gain chip of claim 15 wherein the tunable range is given from a lower end of the joint-free-spectral-range at the first wavelength of 1526 nm to up to a mid-point of the joint-free-spectral-range at 1568 nm and the film at the high-reflectivity facet yields at least 50% reflectivity loss at a higher end of the joint-free-spectral-range at the second wavelength of 1610 nm. 18. The gain chip of claim 10 is configured in a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier of the wavelength tunable semiconductor laser. 19. A wavelength tunable semiconductor laser comprising:
a Vernier tuner comprising at least two ring resonators formed in a silicon photonics substrate, the at least two ring resonators being configured to yield a joint free-spectral-range between a first wavelength and a second wavelength; a phase matcher comprising a waveguide formed in the silicon photonics substrate and coupled to the at least two ring resonators; a gain chip comprising a lasing cavity having an active region between a high-reflectivity facet and an anti-reflection facet with an exit port, the gain chip being flip-bonded to the silicon photonics substrate to have the exit port coupled to the waveguide of the phase matcher, the lasing cavity being designed to emit a laser light out of the exit port with a wavelength in a tunable range starting from the first wavelength to a mid-point of the joint-free-spectral-range; a film including multiple pairs of layers each containing a first layer and a second layer sequentially stacking to an outer side of the high-reflectivity facet, each of the first layer and the second layer in each pair having one unit of respective optical thickness corresponding to a quarter of a reference wavelength except one first or second layer in one pair having a larger optical thickness; wherein the film is configured to produce inner reflectivity of the laser light from the high-reflectivity facet at least greater than 90% for wavelengths in the tunable range but at least smaller than 50% for wavelengths in a 25 nm range around the second wavelength. 20. The wavelength tunable semiconductor laser of claim 19 wherein the gain chip is configured in a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier to amplify the laser light while reflect the laser light from the high-reflectivity facet via the phase matcher to the Vernier tuner, the wavelength tunable semiconductor laser further comprises a wavelength locker coupled to the Vernier tuner and semiconductor optical amplifier having a second gain chip configured to amplify the laser light with a single wavelength in the tunable range tuned by the Vernier tuner and locked by the wavelength locker before outputting the laser light with the single wavelength substantially free from the second wavelength. | A thin-film device for a wavelength-tunable semiconductor laser. The device includes a cavity between a high-reflectivity facet and an anti-reflection facet designed to emit a laser light of a wavelength in a tunable range determined by two Vernier-ring resonators with a joint-free-spectral-range between a first wavelength and a second wavelength. The device further includes a film including multiple pairs of a first layer and a second layer sequentially stacking to an outer side of the high-reflectivity facet. Each layer in each pair has one unit of respective optical thickness except one first or second layer in one pair having a larger optical thickness. The film is configured to produce inner reflectivity of the laser light from the high-reflectivity facet at least >90% for wavelengths in the tunable range starting from the first wavelength but at least <50% for wavelengths in a 25 nm range around the second wavelength.1. A thin-film device for a wavelength-tunable semiconductor laser comprising:
a cavity between a high-reflectivity facet and an anti-reflection facet designed to emit a laser light of a wavelength in a tunable range determined by at least two Vernier-ring resonators with a joint-free-spectral-range between a first wavelength and a second wavelength; a film including multiple pairs of layers each containing a first layer and a second layer sequentially stacking to an outer side of the high-reflectivity facet, each of the first layer and the second layer in each pair having one unit of respective optical thickness except one first or second layer in one pair having a larger optical thickness; wherein the film is configured to produce inner reflectivity of the laser light from the high-reflectivity facet at least greater than 90% for wavelengths in the tunable range starting from the first wavelength but at least smaller than 50% for wavelengths in a 25 nm range around the second wavelength. 2. The thin-film device of claim 1 wherein the cavity is part of a gain chip comprising an indium phosphide PN junction in a linear waveguide configuration. 3. The thin-film device of claim 1 wherein the first layer of each of the multiple pairs of layers comprises a high-index material and the second layer comprises a low-index material. 4. The thin-film device of claim 3 wherein the high-index material is one selected from a Si layer, and the low-index material is one selected from a SiO2 layer, a Al2O3 layer. 5. The thin-film device of claim 3 wherein each first layer except one in the one pair and each second layer among the multiple pairs of layers have respective optical thickness substantially equal to a quarter of a reference wavelength. 6. The thin-film device of claim 5 wherein the reference wavelength is selected from one that is substantially smaller than the second wavelength. 7. The thin-film device of claim 1 wherein the multiple pairs of layers comprise at least 5 pairs of layers including the one pair with the larger optical thickness in either the first layer or the second layer to yield at least 3 dB loss of reflectivity for wavelengths around the second wavelength comparing to reflectivity of greater than 90% for wavelengths in the tunable range. 8. The thin-film device of claim 7 wherein the one pair is disposed to a middle position of the at least 5 pairs of layers and the larger optical thickness in either the first layer or the second layer provides additional phase shift to achieve maximized reflectivity loss for wavelengths around the second wavelength. 9. The thin-film device of claim 7 wherein the tunable range is given from a lower end of the joint-free-spectral-range at the first wavelength of 1526 nm to up to a mid-point of the joint-free-spectral-range at 1568 nm, an extended C-band, and the film at the high-reflectivity facet yields at least 50% reflectivity loss at a higher end of the joint-free-spectral-range at the second wavelength of 1610 nm. 10. A gain chip of a wavelength tunable semiconductor laser comprising:
a lasing cavity comprising an active region between a high-reflectivity facet and an anti-reflection facet, the lasing cavity being designed to emit a laser light of a wavelength in a tunable range determined by at least two Vernier-ring resonators with a joint-free-spectral-range between a first wavelength and a second wavelength; a film including multiple pairs of layers each containing a first layer and a second layer sequentially stacking to an outer side of the high-reflectivity facet, each of the first layer and the second layer in each pair having one unit of respective optical thickness except one first or second layer in one pair having a larger optical thickness; wherein the film is configured to produce inner reflectivity of the laser light from the high-reflectivity facet at least greater than 90% for wavelengths in the tunable range starting from the first wavelength but at least smaller than 50% for wavelengths in a 25 nm range around the second wavelength. 11. The gain chip of claim 10 wherein the active region comprises an indium phosphide PN junction in a linear waveguide configuration to emit the laser excitation between the high-reflectivity facet and an anti-reflection facet. 12. The gain chip of claim 10 wherein the first layer of each of the multiple pairs of layers comprises a high-index material and the second layer comprises a low-index material. 13. The gain chip of claim 12 wherein the high-index material is one selected from a Si layer, and the low-index material is one selected from a SiO2 layer, a Al2O3 layer. 14. The gain chip of claim 12 wherein each first layer except one in the one pair and each second layer among the multiple pairs of layers have respective optical thickness substantially equal to a quarter of a reference wavelength which is substantially smaller than the second wavelength. 15. The gain chip of claim 10 wherein the multiple pairs of layers comprise at least 5 pairs of layers including the one pair with the larger optical thickness in either the first layer or the second layer to yield at least 3 dB loss of reflectivity for wavelengths around the second wavelength comparing to reflectivity of greater than 90% for wavelengths in the tunable range. 16. The gain chip of claim 15 wherein the one pair is disposed to a middle position of the at least 5 pairs of layers and the larger optical thickness in either the first layer or the second layer is tuned to yield additional phase shift for maximizing reflectivity loss around the second wavelength to filter out laser light associated with higher order of the joint-free-spectral-range. 17. The gain chip of claim 15 wherein the tunable range is given from a lower end of the joint-free-spectral-range at the first wavelength of 1526 nm to up to a mid-point of the joint-free-spectral-range at 1568 nm and the film at the high-reflectivity facet yields at least 50% reflectivity loss at a higher end of the joint-free-spectral-range at the second wavelength of 1610 nm. 18. The gain chip of claim 10 is configured in a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier of the wavelength tunable semiconductor laser. 19. A wavelength tunable semiconductor laser comprising:
a Vernier tuner comprising at least two ring resonators formed in a silicon photonics substrate, the at least two ring resonators being configured to yield a joint free-spectral-range between a first wavelength and a second wavelength; a phase matcher comprising a waveguide formed in the silicon photonics substrate and coupled to the at least two ring resonators; a gain chip comprising a lasing cavity having an active region between a high-reflectivity facet and an anti-reflection facet with an exit port, the gain chip being flip-bonded to the silicon photonics substrate to have the exit port coupled to the waveguide of the phase matcher, the lasing cavity being designed to emit a laser light out of the exit port with a wavelength in a tunable range starting from the first wavelength to a mid-point of the joint-free-spectral-range; a film including multiple pairs of layers each containing a first layer and a second layer sequentially stacking to an outer side of the high-reflectivity facet, each of the first layer and the second layer in each pair having one unit of respective optical thickness corresponding to a quarter of a reference wavelength except one first or second layer in one pair having a larger optical thickness; wherein the film is configured to produce inner reflectivity of the laser light from the high-reflectivity facet at least greater than 90% for wavelengths in the tunable range but at least smaller than 50% for wavelengths in a 25 nm range around the second wavelength. 20. The wavelength tunable semiconductor laser of claim 19 wherein the gain chip is configured in a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier to amplify the laser light while reflect the laser light from the high-reflectivity facet via the phase matcher to the Vernier tuner, the wavelength tunable semiconductor laser further comprises a wavelength locker coupled to the Vernier tuner and semiconductor optical amplifier having a second gain chip configured to amplify the laser light with a single wavelength in the tunable range tuned by the Vernier tuner and locked by the wavelength locker before outputting the laser light with the single wavelength substantially free from the second wavelength. | 2,400 |
347,022 | 16,805,518 | 2,487 | The present disclosure provides a transmission method for a common message and a device, which relates to a field of communication technologies and is invented for effectively ensuring that both a low cost MTC terminal and a normal LTE terminal may reliably receive the common message. The method for the common message includes: determining, by a network device, common message transmission time instances X corresponding to a terminal device, wherein the common message transmission time instances X are a part of cell common message transmission time instances; and transmitting, by the network device, a common message at the common message transmission time instances X corresponding to the terminal device. The present disclosure may be used in an M2M application based on an LTE network. | 1. A method for a common message, comprising:
determining, by a network device, common message transmission time instances X corresponding to a terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X comprising a part of cell common message transmission time instances; and transmitting, by the network device, a common message at the common message transmission time instances X corresponding to the terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X satisfying:
(radio frame index of X)mod T=N; and
(subframe index in radio frame of X)=S;
T is a common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device, N is a start radio frame time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, S is a start subframe time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, and mod representing a modulus operation. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, by the network device through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, by the network device through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of N or information of S. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, by the network device through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period and information of N or information of S. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the common message is a system information block 1 (SIB1) message. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device is larger than a cell common message transmission period. 7. A network device, comprising:
a non-transitory memory storing instructions; and a processor coupled to the non-transitory memory, the processor executes the instructions to: determine common message transmission time instances X corresponding to a terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X comprising a part of cell common message transmission time instances; and transmit a common message at the common message transmission time instances X corresponding to the terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X satisfying:
(radio frame index of X)mod T=N; and
(subframe index in radio frame of X)=S;
T is a common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device, N is a start radio frame time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, S is a start subframe time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, and mod representing a modulus operation. 8. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the network device to:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period. 9. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the network device to:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of N or information of S. 10. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the network device to:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period and information of N or information of S. 11. The network device according to claim 7, wherein:
the common message is a system information block 1 (SIB1) message. 12. The network device according to claim 7, wherein:
the common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device is larger than a cell common message transmission period. 13. A non-transitory computer readable storage media storing computer instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of:
determining common message transmission time instances X corresponding to a terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X comprising a part of cell common message transmission time instances; and transmitting a common message at the common message transmission time instances X corresponding to the terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X satisfying:
(radio frame index of X)mod T=N; and
(subframe index in radio frame of X)=S;
T is a common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device, N is a start radio frame time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, S is a start subframe time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, and mod representing a modulus operation. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage media according to claim 13, further comprising instructions for:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage media according to claim 13, further comprising instructions for:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of N or information of S. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage media according to claim 13, further comprising instructions for:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period and information of N or information of S. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage media according to claim 13, therein the common message is a system information block 1 (SIB1) message. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage media according to claim 13, wherein the common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device is larger than a cell common message transmission period. | The present disclosure provides a transmission method for a common message and a device, which relates to a field of communication technologies and is invented for effectively ensuring that both a low cost MTC terminal and a normal LTE terminal may reliably receive the common message. The method for the common message includes: determining, by a network device, common message transmission time instances X corresponding to a terminal device, wherein the common message transmission time instances X are a part of cell common message transmission time instances; and transmitting, by the network device, a common message at the common message transmission time instances X corresponding to the terminal device. The present disclosure may be used in an M2M application based on an LTE network.1. A method for a common message, comprising:
determining, by a network device, common message transmission time instances X corresponding to a terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X comprising a part of cell common message transmission time instances; and transmitting, by the network device, a common message at the common message transmission time instances X corresponding to the terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X satisfying:
(radio frame index of X)mod T=N; and
(subframe index in radio frame of X)=S;
T is a common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device, N is a start radio frame time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, S is a start subframe time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, and mod representing a modulus operation. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, by the network device through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, by the network device through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of N or information of S. 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, by the network device through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period and information of N or information of S. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the common message is a system information block 1 (SIB1) message. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device is larger than a cell common message transmission period. 7. A network device, comprising:
a non-transitory memory storing instructions; and a processor coupled to the non-transitory memory, the processor executes the instructions to: determine common message transmission time instances X corresponding to a terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X comprising a part of cell common message transmission time instances; and transmit a common message at the common message transmission time instances X corresponding to the terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X satisfying:
(radio frame index of X)mod T=N; and
(subframe index in radio frame of X)=S;
T is a common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device, N is a start radio frame time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, S is a start subframe time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, and mod representing a modulus operation. 8. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the network device to:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period. 9. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the network device to:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of N or information of S. 10. The network device according to claim 7, wherein the instructions further cause the network device to:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period and information of N or information of S. 11. The network device according to claim 7, wherein:
the common message is a system information block 1 (SIB1) message. 12. The network device according to claim 7, wherein:
the common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device is larger than a cell common message transmission period. 13. A non-transitory computer readable storage media storing computer instructions, that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the steps of:
determining common message transmission time instances X corresponding to a terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X comprising a part of cell common message transmission time instances; and transmitting a common message at the common message transmission time instances X corresponding to the terminal device, the common message transmission time instances X satisfying:
(radio frame index of X)mod T=N; and
(subframe index in radio frame of X)=S;
T is a common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device, N is a start radio frame time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, S is a start subframe time instance of the common message transmission time instances X, and mod representing a modulus operation. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage media according to claim 13, further comprising instructions for:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage media according to claim 13, further comprising instructions for:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of N or information of S. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage media according to claim 13, further comprising instructions for:
transmit, through radio resource control (RRC) signaling, information of the common message transmission period and information of N or information of S. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage media according to claim 13, therein the common message is a system information block 1 (SIB1) message. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage media according to claim 13, wherein the common message transmission period corresponding to the terminal device is larger than a cell common message transmission period. | 2,400 |
347,023 | 16,805,477 | 2,487 | Generally, the described techniques provide for a core network signaling to a base station a delay budget configuration that indicates a determined latency for communications between a core network, base station, and a user equipment (UE). In some cases, the core network may determine a first variable delay budget between the core network and a base station based on capability information associated with the wireless communications system. The core network may transmit the delay budget configuration to the base station, where the delay budget configuration may include the first delay budget. The base station may be able to determine a delay between the UE and the base station based on the delay budget configuration. Using the delay budget configuration, the base station may then schedule communications with the UE. | 1. A method for wireless communications, comprising:
identifying a communication link for traffic associated with a first latency type between a user equipment (UE) and a core network node via a radio access node; determining a first variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the radio access node and the core network node via the communication link; and transmitting, to the radio access node, a delay budget configuration indicating the first variable delay budget. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the delay budget configuration indicates a second variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the UE and the core network node via the communication link, wherein the second variable delay budget is for communications of the first latency type via the communication link between the UE and the radio access node. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second variable delay budget is based at least in part on subtracting the first variable delay budget from a total delay budget. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first latency type is configured based at least in part on a user plane function (UPF). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first variable delay budget comprises:
determining, at a session management function (SMF), the first variable delay budget between the radio access node and the core network node for communications of the first latency type via the communication link. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
transmitting the delay budget configuration to a user plane function (UPF). 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving a request to establish or modify a quality of service (QoS) flow corresponding to the communication link, wherein the first variable delay budget is determined in response to the request. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining the first variable delay budget based at least in part on the QoS flow. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first variable delay budget is for the QoS flow than a second QoS flow different from the QoS flow. 10. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving a request for handover of the UE, a packet data unit (PDU) session establishment of the UE, a PDU session modification of the UE, or any combination thereof, wherein the first variable delay budget is determined based at least in part on the request. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a set of radio access network (RAN) capabilities for the radio access node, wherein the first variable delay budget is determined based at least in part on the set of RAN capabilities. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first variable delay budget comprises:
determining an uplink variable delay budget for uplink communications of the first latency type via the communication link; and determining a downlink variable delay budget for downlink communications of the first latency type via the communication link. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the uplink and downlink variable delay budgets are the same. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a total delay budget between the UE and the core network node for communications of the first latency type via the communication link based at least in part on the delay budget configuration. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a set of system capabilities for communications between the UE and the core network node, wherein the first variable delay budget is determined based at least in part on the set of system capabilities. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the set of system capabilities comprises a delay bound for traffic associated with the first latency type, a QoS class for traffic associated with the first latency type, or any combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining configuration information of the UE, the radio access node, or the core network node, wherein the first variable delay budget is determined based at least in part on the configuration information. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the configuration information is based at least in part on a time sensitive networking (TSN) procedure for determining a capability of a wireless communications system. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the configuration information comprises dynamic information from a time sensitive networking (TSN) system associated with the UE or a TSN traffic class associated with a quality of service (QoS) flow corresponding to the communication link. 20. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting the delay budget configuration based at least in part on a quality of service (QoS) associated with the UE, one or more QoS rules associated with the communication link, one or more uplink packet detection rules, one or more downlink packet detection rules, or any combination thereof. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication link corresponds to a quality of service (QoS) flow associated with the first latency type. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the traffic associated with the first latency type comprises time sensitive networking (TSN) traffic. 23. A method for wireless communications, comprising:
identifying a communication link for traffic associated with a first latency type between a user equipment (UE) and a core network node via a radio access node; receiving, from the core network node, a delay budget configuration indicating a first variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the radio access node and the core network node via the communication link; and scheduling a communication between the UE and the radio access node based at least in part on the first variable delay budget. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the delay budget configuration indicates a second variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the UE and the core network node via the communication link, wherein the second variable delay budget is for communications of the first latency type via the communication link between the UE and the radio access node, wherein the communication between the UE and the radio access node is scheduled based at least in part on the second variable delay budget. 25. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
identifying an uplink variable delay budget for uplink communications of the first latency type via the communication link based at least in part on the delay budget configuration; and identifying a downlink variable delay budget for downlink communications of the first latency type via the communication link based at least in part on the delay budget configuration, wherein the communication between the UE and the radio access node is scheduled based at least in part on the uplink variable delay budget or the downlink variable delay budget. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the uplink and downlink variable delay budgets are the same. 27. The method of claim 23, wherein the communication link corresponds to a quality of service (QoS) flow associated with the first latency type. 28. The method of claim 23, wherein the traffic associated with the first latency type comprises time sensitive networking (TSN) traffic. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify a communication link for traffic associated with a first latency type between a user equipment (UE) and a core network node via a radio access node;
determine a first variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the radio access node and the core network node via the communication link; and
transmit, to the radio access node, a delay budget configuration indicating the first variable delay budget. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify a communication link for traffic associated with a first latency type between a user equipment (UE) and a core network node via a radio access node;
receive, from the core network node, a delay budget configuration indicating a first variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the radio access node and the core network node via the communication link; and
schedule a communication between the UE and the radio access node based at least in part on the first variable delay budget. | Generally, the described techniques provide for a core network signaling to a base station a delay budget configuration that indicates a determined latency for communications between a core network, base station, and a user equipment (UE). In some cases, the core network may determine a first variable delay budget between the core network and a base station based on capability information associated with the wireless communications system. The core network may transmit the delay budget configuration to the base station, where the delay budget configuration may include the first delay budget. The base station may be able to determine a delay between the UE and the base station based on the delay budget configuration. Using the delay budget configuration, the base station may then schedule communications with the UE.1. A method for wireless communications, comprising:
identifying a communication link for traffic associated with a first latency type between a user equipment (UE) and a core network node via a radio access node; determining a first variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the radio access node and the core network node via the communication link; and transmitting, to the radio access node, a delay budget configuration indicating the first variable delay budget. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the delay budget configuration indicates a second variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the UE and the core network node via the communication link, wherein the second variable delay budget is for communications of the first latency type via the communication link between the UE and the radio access node. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second variable delay budget is based at least in part on subtracting the first variable delay budget from a total delay budget. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first latency type is configured based at least in part on a user plane function (UPF). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first variable delay budget comprises:
determining, at a session management function (SMF), the first variable delay budget between the radio access node and the core network node for communications of the first latency type via the communication link. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
transmitting the delay budget configuration to a user plane function (UPF). 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving a request to establish or modify a quality of service (QoS) flow corresponding to the communication link, wherein the first variable delay budget is determined in response to the request. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining the first variable delay budget based at least in part on the QoS flow. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first variable delay budget is for the QoS flow than a second QoS flow different from the QoS flow. 10. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving a request for handover of the UE, a packet data unit (PDU) session establishment of the UE, a PDU session modification of the UE, or any combination thereof, wherein the first variable delay budget is determined based at least in part on the request. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a set of radio access network (RAN) capabilities for the radio access node, wherein the first variable delay budget is determined based at least in part on the set of RAN capabilities. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first variable delay budget comprises:
determining an uplink variable delay budget for uplink communications of the first latency type via the communication link; and determining a downlink variable delay budget for downlink communications of the first latency type via the communication link. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the uplink and downlink variable delay budgets are the same. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a total delay budget between the UE and the core network node for communications of the first latency type via the communication link based at least in part on the delay budget configuration. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a set of system capabilities for communications between the UE and the core network node, wherein the first variable delay budget is determined based at least in part on the set of system capabilities. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the set of system capabilities comprises a delay bound for traffic associated with the first latency type, a QoS class for traffic associated with the first latency type, or any combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining configuration information of the UE, the radio access node, or the core network node, wherein the first variable delay budget is determined based at least in part on the configuration information. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the configuration information is based at least in part on a time sensitive networking (TSN) procedure for determining a capability of a wireless communications system. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the configuration information comprises dynamic information from a time sensitive networking (TSN) system associated with the UE or a TSN traffic class associated with a quality of service (QoS) flow corresponding to the communication link. 20. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting the delay budget configuration based at least in part on a quality of service (QoS) associated with the UE, one or more QoS rules associated with the communication link, one or more uplink packet detection rules, one or more downlink packet detection rules, or any combination thereof. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication link corresponds to a quality of service (QoS) flow associated with the first latency type. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the traffic associated with the first latency type comprises time sensitive networking (TSN) traffic. 23. A method for wireless communications, comprising:
identifying a communication link for traffic associated with a first latency type between a user equipment (UE) and a core network node via a radio access node; receiving, from the core network node, a delay budget configuration indicating a first variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the radio access node and the core network node via the communication link; and scheduling a communication between the UE and the radio access node based at least in part on the first variable delay budget. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the delay budget configuration indicates a second variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the UE and the core network node via the communication link, wherein the second variable delay budget is for communications of the first latency type via the communication link between the UE and the radio access node, wherein the communication between the UE and the radio access node is scheduled based at least in part on the second variable delay budget. 25. The method of claim 23, further comprising:
identifying an uplink variable delay budget for uplink communications of the first latency type via the communication link based at least in part on the delay budget configuration; and identifying a downlink variable delay budget for downlink communications of the first latency type via the communication link based at least in part on the delay budget configuration, wherein the communication between the UE and the radio access node is scheduled based at least in part on the uplink variable delay budget or the downlink variable delay budget. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the uplink and downlink variable delay budgets are the same. 27. The method of claim 23, wherein the communication link corresponds to a quality of service (QoS) flow associated with the first latency type. 28. The method of claim 23, wherein the traffic associated with the first latency type comprises time sensitive networking (TSN) traffic. 29. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify a communication link for traffic associated with a first latency type between a user equipment (UE) and a core network node via a radio access node;
determine a first variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the radio access node and the core network node via the communication link; and
transmit, to the radio access node, a delay budget configuration indicating the first variable delay budget. 30. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify a communication link for traffic associated with a first latency type between a user equipment (UE) and a core network node via a radio access node;
receive, from the core network node, a delay budget configuration indicating a first variable delay budget for communications of the first latency type between the radio access node and the core network node via the communication link; and
schedule a communication between the UE and the radio access node based at least in part on the first variable delay budget. | 2,400 |
347,024 | 16,805,515 | 2,487 | Systems, apparatus, methods and non-transitory computer readable media facilitating telemetry data communication security between an implantable device and an external clinician device are provided. An implantable device can include a security component configured to generate security information based on reception of a clinician telemetry session request from the clinician device via a first telemetry communication protocol. The security information can include a session identifier and a first session key, and the clinician telemetry session request can include a clinician device identifier associated with the clinician device. The implantable device can further include a communication component configured to establish a clinician telemetry session with the clinician device using a second telemetry communication protocol based on determining that a connection request, received via the second telemetry communication protocol, was transmitted by the clinician device based on inclusion of the clinician device in the connection request. | 1. An implantable device, comprising:
a housing configured to be implanted at least partially within a patient; a memory, coupled to the housing, that stores executable components; circuitry, coupled to the housing, and configured to at least one of obtain sensed physiological data associated with the patient or deliver a therapy to the patient; and a processor, coupled to the housing, that executes the executable components stored in the memory, wherein the executable components comprise:
a security component configured to generate security information based on reception of a clinician telemetry session request from a clinician device via a first telemetry communication protocol, the security information comprising a session identifier and a first session key, and the clinician telemetry session request comprising a clinician device identifier associated with the clinician device; and
a communication component configured to:
activate telemetry communication by the implantable device via a second telemetry communication protocol based on sending the security information to the clinician device using the first telemetry communication protocol; and
establish a clinician telemetry session with the clinician device using the second telemetry communication protocol based on determining that a connection request, received via the second telemetry communication protocol, was transmitted by the clinician device based on inclusion of the clinician device identifier in the connection request. 2. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the first telemetry communication protocol comprises a proprietary telemetry communication protocol and the second telemetry communication protocol comprises a non-proprietary telemetry communication protocol. 3. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the first telemetry communication protocol is associated with first wireless data communication over a first distance and the second telemetry communication protocol is associated with second wireless data communication over a second distance longer than the first distance. 4. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the first telemetry communication protocol comprises an induction-based telemetry communication protocol and the second telemetry communication protocol comprises a Bluetooth low energy based telemetry communication protocol. 5. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the communication component is further configured to:
transmit one or more advertisement data packets comprising the session identifier using the second telemetry communication protocol in association with activation of the telemetry communication by the implantable device via the second telemetry communication protocol. 6. The implantable device of claim 5, wherein the communication component is further configured to:
receive the connection request based on reception of at least one advertisement data packet of the one or more advertisement data packets by the clinician device and recognition, by the clinician device, of the session identifier in the at least one advertisement data packet. 7. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the communication component is further configured to:
encrypt first transmitted data transmitted by the implantable device and decrypt first received data received by the implantable device using the first session key in association with performance of the clinician telemetry session with the clinician device. 8. The implantable device of claim 7, wherein the security information further comprises a second session key and wherein the communication component is further configured to:
encrypt second transmitted data transmitted by the implantable device and decrypt second received data received by the implantable device using the second session key in association with the performance of the clinician telemetry session with the clinician device. 9. The implantable device of claim 7, wherein the security information further comprises a second session key and wherein the communication component is further configured to:
encrypt the first transmitted data and decrypt the first received data using the first session key and the second session key in association with the performance of the clinician telemetry session with the clinician device. 10. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein after establishment of the clinician telemetry session, the communication component is further configured to:
communicate data with the clinician device using the security information in association with performance of the clinician telemetry session with the clinician device, and wherein the security component is further configured to: render the security information unusable to establish or perform another telemetry session between the implantable device and the clinician device or another device at a later time to communicate the data or other data based on closing of the clinician telemetry session. 11. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the security component is further configured to:
render the security information unusable to establish or conduct the clinician telemetry session or another telemetry session between the implantable device and the clinician device or another device at a later time based on failure of the implantable device to re-establish the clinician telemetry session with the clinician device using the security information within a defined period of time after loss of the clinician telemetry session. 12. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the security component is further configured to:
inhibit the telemetry communication and other telemetry communication by the implantable device using the second telemetry communication protocol with another device during establishment of the clinician telemetry session between the implantable device and the clinician device. 13. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the security information comprises first security information and wherein the security component is further configured to:
receive second security information from a remote server device for establishing a monitoring telemetry session with a monitoring device; and employ the second security information to establish a trusted relationship with the monitoring device and store information associating a monitoring device identifier for the monitoring device in the memory, wherein the communication component is further configured to:
establish the monitoring telemetry session with the monitoring device using the second telemetry communication protocol based on determining that the monitoring session request, received via the second telemetry communication protocol, was transmitted by the monitoring device based on inclusion of the monitoring device identifier in the monitoring session request. 14. The implantable device of claim 13, wherein the implantable device is further configured to communicate a first type of information with the clinician device during the clinician telemetry session and a second type of information with the monitoring device during the monitoring telemetry session, wherein the first type of information is classified as having a first level of sensitivity and the second type of information is classified as having a second level of sensitivity and wherein the first level of sensitivity is greater than the second level of sensitivity. 15. The implantable device of claim 13, wherein the implantable device is configured to perform one-way and two-way communications with the clinician device during the clinician telemetry session, and wherein the implantable device is configured to perform one-way and forgo two-way communications with the monitoring device during the monitoring telemetry session. 16. The implantable device of claim 13, wherein the implantable device is configured to receive programming information from the clinician device during the clinician telemetry session and forgo receipt of the programming information from the monitoring device during the monitoring telemetry session. 17. A method, comprising:
generating, by an implantable device comprising a processor, based on receiving a clinician telemetry session request from a clinician device via a first telemetry communication protocol, security information comprising a session identifier and a first session key, wherein the clinician telemetry session request comprises a clinician device identifier associated with the clinician device; sending, by the implantable device, the security information to the clinician device using the first telemetry communication protocol; and establishing, by the implantable device, a clinician telemetry session with the clinician device using a second telemetry communication protocol based on determining that a connection request, received via the second telemetry communication protocol, was transmitted by the clinician device based on inclusion of the clinician device identifier in the connection request. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first telemetry communication protocol comprises an induction-based telemetry communication protocol and the second telemetry communication protocol comprises a Bluetooth Low Energy-based telemetry communication protocol. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
initiating, by the implantable device, data communication using the second telemetry communication protocol based on the sending the security information to the clinician device, wherein the initiating comprises transmitting, by the implantable device, one or more advertisement data packets comprising the session identifier using the second telemetry communication protocol. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
receiving, by the implantable device, the connection request based on reception of at least one advertisement data packet of the one or more advertisement data packets by the clinician device and recognition, by the clinician device, of the session identifier in the at least one advertisement data packet. | Systems, apparatus, methods and non-transitory computer readable media facilitating telemetry data communication security between an implantable device and an external clinician device are provided. An implantable device can include a security component configured to generate security information based on reception of a clinician telemetry session request from the clinician device via a first telemetry communication protocol. The security information can include a session identifier and a first session key, and the clinician telemetry session request can include a clinician device identifier associated with the clinician device. The implantable device can further include a communication component configured to establish a clinician telemetry session with the clinician device using a second telemetry communication protocol based on determining that a connection request, received via the second telemetry communication protocol, was transmitted by the clinician device based on inclusion of the clinician device in the connection request.1. An implantable device, comprising:
a housing configured to be implanted at least partially within a patient; a memory, coupled to the housing, that stores executable components; circuitry, coupled to the housing, and configured to at least one of obtain sensed physiological data associated with the patient or deliver a therapy to the patient; and a processor, coupled to the housing, that executes the executable components stored in the memory, wherein the executable components comprise:
a security component configured to generate security information based on reception of a clinician telemetry session request from a clinician device via a first telemetry communication protocol, the security information comprising a session identifier and a first session key, and the clinician telemetry session request comprising a clinician device identifier associated with the clinician device; and
a communication component configured to:
activate telemetry communication by the implantable device via a second telemetry communication protocol based on sending the security information to the clinician device using the first telemetry communication protocol; and
establish a clinician telemetry session with the clinician device using the second telemetry communication protocol based on determining that a connection request, received via the second telemetry communication protocol, was transmitted by the clinician device based on inclusion of the clinician device identifier in the connection request. 2. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the first telemetry communication protocol comprises a proprietary telemetry communication protocol and the second telemetry communication protocol comprises a non-proprietary telemetry communication protocol. 3. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the first telemetry communication protocol is associated with first wireless data communication over a first distance and the second telemetry communication protocol is associated with second wireless data communication over a second distance longer than the first distance. 4. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the first telemetry communication protocol comprises an induction-based telemetry communication protocol and the second telemetry communication protocol comprises a Bluetooth low energy based telemetry communication protocol. 5. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the communication component is further configured to:
transmit one or more advertisement data packets comprising the session identifier using the second telemetry communication protocol in association with activation of the telemetry communication by the implantable device via the second telemetry communication protocol. 6. The implantable device of claim 5, wherein the communication component is further configured to:
receive the connection request based on reception of at least one advertisement data packet of the one or more advertisement data packets by the clinician device and recognition, by the clinician device, of the session identifier in the at least one advertisement data packet. 7. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the communication component is further configured to:
encrypt first transmitted data transmitted by the implantable device and decrypt first received data received by the implantable device using the first session key in association with performance of the clinician telemetry session with the clinician device. 8. The implantable device of claim 7, wherein the security information further comprises a second session key and wherein the communication component is further configured to:
encrypt second transmitted data transmitted by the implantable device and decrypt second received data received by the implantable device using the second session key in association with the performance of the clinician telemetry session with the clinician device. 9. The implantable device of claim 7, wherein the security information further comprises a second session key and wherein the communication component is further configured to:
encrypt the first transmitted data and decrypt the first received data using the first session key and the second session key in association with the performance of the clinician telemetry session with the clinician device. 10. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein after establishment of the clinician telemetry session, the communication component is further configured to:
communicate data with the clinician device using the security information in association with performance of the clinician telemetry session with the clinician device, and wherein the security component is further configured to: render the security information unusable to establish or perform another telemetry session between the implantable device and the clinician device or another device at a later time to communicate the data or other data based on closing of the clinician telemetry session. 11. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the security component is further configured to:
render the security information unusable to establish or conduct the clinician telemetry session or another telemetry session between the implantable device and the clinician device or another device at a later time based on failure of the implantable device to re-establish the clinician telemetry session with the clinician device using the security information within a defined period of time after loss of the clinician telemetry session. 12. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the security component is further configured to:
inhibit the telemetry communication and other telemetry communication by the implantable device using the second telemetry communication protocol with another device during establishment of the clinician telemetry session between the implantable device and the clinician device. 13. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the security information comprises first security information and wherein the security component is further configured to:
receive second security information from a remote server device for establishing a monitoring telemetry session with a monitoring device; and employ the second security information to establish a trusted relationship with the monitoring device and store information associating a monitoring device identifier for the monitoring device in the memory, wherein the communication component is further configured to:
establish the monitoring telemetry session with the monitoring device using the second telemetry communication protocol based on determining that the monitoring session request, received via the second telemetry communication protocol, was transmitted by the monitoring device based on inclusion of the monitoring device identifier in the monitoring session request. 14. The implantable device of claim 13, wherein the implantable device is further configured to communicate a first type of information with the clinician device during the clinician telemetry session and a second type of information with the monitoring device during the monitoring telemetry session, wherein the first type of information is classified as having a first level of sensitivity and the second type of information is classified as having a second level of sensitivity and wherein the first level of sensitivity is greater than the second level of sensitivity. 15. The implantable device of claim 13, wherein the implantable device is configured to perform one-way and two-way communications with the clinician device during the clinician telemetry session, and wherein the implantable device is configured to perform one-way and forgo two-way communications with the monitoring device during the monitoring telemetry session. 16. The implantable device of claim 13, wherein the implantable device is configured to receive programming information from the clinician device during the clinician telemetry session and forgo receipt of the programming information from the monitoring device during the monitoring telemetry session. 17. A method, comprising:
generating, by an implantable device comprising a processor, based on receiving a clinician telemetry session request from a clinician device via a first telemetry communication protocol, security information comprising a session identifier and a first session key, wherein the clinician telemetry session request comprises a clinician device identifier associated with the clinician device; sending, by the implantable device, the security information to the clinician device using the first telemetry communication protocol; and establishing, by the implantable device, a clinician telemetry session with the clinician device using a second telemetry communication protocol based on determining that a connection request, received via the second telemetry communication protocol, was transmitted by the clinician device based on inclusion of the clinician device identifier in the connection request. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first telemetry communication protocol comprises an induction-based telemetry communication protocol and the second telemetry communication protocol comprises a Bluetooth Low Energy-based telemetry communication protocol. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
initiating, by the implantable device, data communication using the second telemetry communication protocol based on the sending the security information to the clinician device, wherein the initiating comprises transmitting, by the implantable device, one or more advertisement data packets comprising the session identifier using the second telemetry communication protocol. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
receiving, by the implantable device, the connection request based on reception of at least one advertisement data packet of the one or more advertisement data packets by the clinician device and recognition, by the clinician device, of the session identifier in the at least one advertisement data packet. | 2,400 |
347,025 | 16,805,527 | 2,487 | Implementations illustrated herein discloses a method of controlling drug titration to a patient, the method including receiving, using a processor, a sequence of depth images, each depth image including depth information for at least a portion of the patient, determining, using the processor, a sequence of physiological signals for the patient based on the sequence of depth images, analyzing, using the processor, the sequence of physiological signals for the patient to determine a change in a condition of the patient, and generating a signal to a drug infusion pump in response to determining the change in the condition of the patient. | 1. A method of controlling drug titration to a patient, comprising:
receiving, using a processor, a sequence of depth images, each depth image comprising depth information for at least a portion of the patient; determining, using the processor, a sequence of physiological signals for the patient based on the sequence of depth images; analyzing, using the processor, the sequence of physiological signals for the patient to determine a change in a condition of the patient; and generating a signal to a drug infusion pump in response to determining the change in the condition of the patient. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence of physiological signals comprises a sequence of volume signals associated with breathing by the patient. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the change in condition of the patient comprises cessation of breathing by the patient. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein generating a signal to a drug-infusion pump comprises generating a signal to titrate an anti-apnea drug to the patient. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein generating a signal to a drug infusion pump comprises generating a wait period before the drug-infusion pump initiated titration of an anti-apnea drug to the patient. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising monitoring the volume signals associated with breathing by the patient during the wait period and in response to determining resumption of breathing by the patient, generating a request to the drug-infusion pump to not initiate the drug infusion. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein generating a signal to a drug infusion pump comprises generating a set time period for the drug-infusion pump to infuse an anti-apnea drug to the patient. 8. The method of claim 2, further comprising generating a vibration signal in response to determining the change in the condition of the patient and communicating the vibration signal to a bed used by the patient. 9. The method of claim 3, further comprising generating information about a number of episodes of cessation of breathing by the patient and the average length of the episodes of cessation of breathing by the patient and displaying the information to a clinician. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence of depth images comprising depth images before the patient is on a mattress and depth images after the patient is placed on the mattress. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining a baseline depth level based on the depth images before the patient is on the mattress; determining a modified depth level based on the depth images after the patient is on the mattress; and calculating a patient envelope volume based on the baseline depth level and the modified depth level. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
comparing the patient envelope volume to a threshold envelope volume to determine that the patient has been removed from the mattress; and communicating, in response to determining that the patient has been removed from the mattress, a signal to the drug infusion pump to stop drug-infusion. 13. In a computing environment, a method performed at least in part on at least one processor, the method comprising:
receiving a sequence of depth images, each depth image comprising depth information for at least a portion of a patient, depth images before the patient is on a mattress, and depth images after the patient is placed on the mattress; determining a baseline depth level based on the depth images before the patient is on the mattress; determining a modified depth level based on the depth images after the patient is on the mattress; and calculating a patient envelope volume based on the baseline depth level and the modified depth level. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising calculating a difference between the baseline depth level and the modified depth level as a series of coordinates in three-dimensional (3D) space. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
comparing the patient envelope volume to a threshold envelope volume to determine that the patient has been removed from the mattress; and communicating, in response to determining that the patient has been removed from the mattress, a signal to the drug infusion pump to stop drug-infusion. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining a sequence of volume signals associated with breathing for the patient based on the sequence of depth images; analyzing the sequence of volume signals for the patient to determine a change in a condition of the patient; and generating a signal to a drug infusion pump in response to determining the change in the condition of the patient. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the change in condition of the patient comprises cessation of breathing by the patient. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein generating a signal to a drug-infusion pump further comprising:
generating a signal to a drug-infusion pump comprises generating a signal to titrate an anti-apnea drug to the patient; and generating a wait period before the drug-infusion pump initiated titration of an anti-apnea drug to the patient. 19. A physical article of manufacture including one or more tangible computer-readable storage media, encoding computer-executable instructions for executing on a computer system a computer process to provide an automated connection to a collaboration event for a computing device, the computer process comprising:
receiving a sequence of depth images, each depth image comprising depth information for at least a portion of the patient; determining a sequence of volume signals associated with breathing of the patient based on the sequence of depth images; analyzing the sequence of volume signals associated with breathing of the patient to determine a an onset of apnea episode for the patient; and generating a signal to a drug infusion pump in response to determining the change in the condition of the patient. 20. The physical article of manufacture of claim 19, wherein the computer process further comprises generating a wait period before the drug-infusion pump initiated titration of an anti-apnea drug to the patient and monitoring the volume signals associated with breathing by the patient during the wait period and in response to determining resumption of breathing by the patient, generating a request to the drug-infusion pump to not initiate the drug infusion. | Implementations illustrated herein discloses a method of controlling drug titration to a patient, the method including receiving, using a processor, a sequence of depth images, each depth image including depth information for at least a portion of the patient, determining, using the processor, a sequence of physiological signals for the patient based on the sequence of depth images, analyzing, using the processor, the sequence of physiological signals for the patient to determine a change in a condition of the patient, and generating a signal to a drug infusion pump in response to determining the change in the condition of the patient.1. A method of controlling drug titration to a patient, comprising:
receiving, using a processor, a sequence of depth images, each depth image comprising depth information for at least a portion of the patient; determining, using the processor, a sequence of physiological signals for the patient based on the sequence of depth images; analyzing, using the processor, the sequence of physiological signals for the patient to determine a change in a condition of the patient; and generating a signal to a drug infusion pump in response to determining the change in the condition of the patient. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence of physiological signals comprises a sequence of volume signals associated with breathing by the patient. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the change in condition of the patient comprises cessation of breathing by the patient. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein generating a signal to a drug-infusion pump comprises generating a signal to titrate an anti-apnea drug to the patient. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein generating a signal to a drug infusion pump comprises generating a wait period before the drug-infusion pump initiated titration of an anti-apnea drug to the patient. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising monitoring the volume signals associated with breathing by the patient during the wait period and in response to determining resumption of breathing by the patient, generating a request to the drug-infusion pump to not initiate the drug infusion. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein generating a signal to a drug infusion pump comprises generating a set time period for the drug-infusion pump to infuse an anti-apnea drug to the patient. 8. The method of claim 2, further comprising generating a vibration signal in response to determining the change in the condition of the patient and communicating the vibration signal to a bed used by the patient. 9. The method of claim 3, further comprising generating information about a number of episodes of cessation of breathing by the patient and the average length of the episodes of cessation of breathing by the patient and displaying the information to a clinician. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequence of depth images comprising depth images before the patient is on a mattress and depth images after the patient is placed on the mattress. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining a baseline depth level based on the depth images before the patient is on the mattress; determining a modified depth level based on the depth images after the patient is on the mattress; and calculating a patient envelope volume based on the baseline depth level and the modified depth level. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
comparing the patient envelope volume to a threshold envelope volume to determine that the patient has been removed from the mattress; and communicating, in response to determining that the patient has been removed from the mattress, a signal to the drug infusion pump to stop drug-infusion. 13. In a computing environment, a method performed at least in part on at least one processor, the method comprising:
receiving a sequence of depth images, each depth image comprising depth information for at least a portion of a patient, depth images before the patient is on a mattress, and depth images after the patient is placed on the mattress; determining a baseline depth level based on the depth images before the patient is on the mattress; determining a modified depth level based on the depth images after the patient is on the mattress; and calculating a patient envelope volume based on the baseline depth level and the modified depth level. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising calculating a difference between the baseline depth level and the modified depth level as a series of coordinates in three-dimensional (3D) space. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
comparing the patient envelope volume to a threshold envelope volume to determine that the patient has been removed from the mattress; and communicating, in response to determining that the patient has been removed from the mattress, a signal to the drug infusion pump to stop drug-infusion. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
determining a sequence of volume signals associated with breathing for the patient based on the sequence of depth images; analyzing the sequence of volume signals for the patient to determine a change in a condition of the patient; and generating a signal to a drug infusion pump in response to determining the change in the condition of the patient. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the change in condition of the patient comprises cessation of breathing by the patient. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein generating a signal to a drug-infusion pump further comprising:
generating a signal to a drug-infusion pump comprises generating a signal to titrate an anti-apnea drug to the patient; and generating a wait period before the drug-infusion pump initiated titration of an anti-apnea drug to the patient. 19. A physical article of manufacture including one or more tangible computer-readable storage media, encoding computer-executable instructions for executing on a computer system a computer process to provide an automated connection to a collaboration event for a computing device, the computer process comprising:
receiving a sequence of depth images, each depth image comprising depth information for at least a portion of the patient; determining a sequence of volume signals associated with breathing of the patient based on the sequence of depth images; analyzing the sequence of volume signals associated with breathing of the patient to determine a an onset of apnea episode for the patient; and generating a signal to a drug infusion pump in response to determining the change in the condition of the patient. 20. The physical article of manufacture of claim 19, wherein the computer process further comprises generating a wait period before the drug-infusion pump initiated titration of an anti-apnea drug to the patient and monitoring the volume signals associated with breathing by the patient during the wait period and in response to determining resumption of breathing by the patient, generating a request to the drug-infusion pump to not initiate the drug infusion. | 2,400 |
347,026 | 16,805,512 | 1,655 | The present invention is a cannabidiol oral dosage form including predominantly or exclusively hemp pomace that has been co-fermented with a complex fungi, compounded as a tablet or formulated within a capsule. The dosage forms contain dietary fiber, important to activity as the desired delivery system, having a ratio of at least one part soluble dietary fiber to 30 parts insoluble dietary fiber, and delivers desirable/non hallucinogenic cannabinoids (CBD, CBG) in a ratio of 60:1 up to 120:1 to hallucinogenic cannabinoids (THC). | 1. A cannabinoid oral dosage form in unit dosage form, consisting essentially of hemp pomace co-fermented with a fungus selected from the group consisting of Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma japonicum, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma Tsugae, Lentinula edodes, Grifola frondosus, Tremella fuciformia, Tremella mesenterica, Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps militaris, Hericium erinaceus, Polyporous umbellatus, Scizophylum commune, Fomes fomentaris, Inonotuus obliquus, Lepiota procera, Auricularia auricula, Tuber melanosporum, Tricholoma matsutake, Hericium coralloides, Trametes versicolor, Phellinus linteus, Poria cocos, Antrodia camphorata, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus energyii, and Agaricus blazeii, compounded as a tablet or within a capsule, powder or other unit dosage form as the predominant or exclusive ingredient containing a quantity of one or more indigenous cannabinoid active agents, and having a maximum cannabinoid dose per unit dosage form of 25 mg. 2. A cannabinoid oral dosage form in unit dosage form according to claim 1, wherein said hemp pomace contains indigenous cannabinoids including cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and further having a ratio of CBD or CBG to THC of between 60:1-120:1. 3. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein each oral dosage form contains less than 10% water as moisture and wherein said cannabinoid is one or more of cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabidivarin, cannabichromene, or cannabinol. 4. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said hemp pomace co-fermented with said fungus is compounded as one or more tablets or capsules without separation of the hemp pomace or the co-fermentation products. 5. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said dosage form contains no more than 10 mg cannabinoid per unit dosage form. | The present invention is a cannabidiol oral dosage form including predominantly or exclusively hemp pomace that has been co-fermented with a complex fungi, compounded as a tablet or formulated within a capsule. The dosage forms contain dietary fiber, important to activity as the desired delivery system, having a ratio of at least one part soluble dietary fiber to 30 parts insoluble dietary fiber, and delivers desirable/non hallucinogenic cannabinoids (CBD, CBG) in a ratio of 60:1 up to 120:1 to hallucinogenic cannabinoids (THC).1. A cannabinoid oral dosage form in unit dosage form, consisting essentially of hemp pomace co-fermented with a fungus selected from the group consisting of Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma japonicum, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma Tsugae, Lentinula edodes, Grifola frondosus, Tremella fuciformia, Tremella mesenterica, Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps militaris, Hericium erinaceus, Polyporous umbellatus, Scizophylum commune, Fomes fomentaris, Inonotuus obliquus, Lepiota procera, Auricularia auricula, Tuber melanosporum, Tricholoma matsutake, Hericium coralloides, Trametes versicolor, Phellinus linteus, Poria cocos, Antrodia camphorata, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus energyii, and Agaricus blazeii, compounded as a tablet or within a capsule, powder or other unit dosage form as the predominant or exclusive ingredient containing a quantity of one or more indigenous cannabinoid active agents, and having a maximum cannabinoid dose per unit dosage form of 25 mg. 2. A cannabinoid oral dosage form in unit dosage form according to claim 1, wherein said hemp pomace contains indigenous cannabinoids including cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and further having a ratio of CBD or CBG to THC of between 60:1-120:1. 3. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein each oral dosage form contains less than 10% water as moisture and wherein said cannabinoid is one or more of cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabidivarin, cannabichromene, or cannabinol. 4. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said hemp pomace co-fermented with said fungus is compounded as one or more tablets or capsules without separation of the hemp pomace or the co-fermentation products. 5. The oral dosage form of claim 1, wherein said dosage form contains no more than 10 mg cannabinoid per unit dosage form. | 1,600 |
347,027 | 16,805,522 | 1,655 | These are blankets, pillowcases and bedsheets, (both fitted and flat) in all sizes, twin, full, queen, king and California king. These linens, sheets and/or blankets are sewn either vertically or horizontally together combining different fabrics. The pillowcases are sewn using two different fabrics (topside/backside). This allows for individuals or couples to access two different bedding fabrics within the same bedding. For example: the vertical sheets may be comprised of half cotton/half flannel, or half microfiber/half fleece, which allows for individuals to have their preferred fabric for sleeping comfort. The horizontal linen sets would comprise of 2 different fabrics one on top, different one on bottom, which would allow individuals to have a warm fabric such as fleece on the bottom half of the sheet with a cooler fabric such as cotton on the top half of the sheet. These linens and sheets differ from others, in that they allow individual preference of fabric to sleep on. | 1. A fitted sheet that is divided vertically by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create 1 completed fitted sheet. 2. A fitted sheet that is divided horizontally by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create 1 complete fitted sheet. 3. A flat sheet that is divided vertically by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create I complete flat sheet. 4. A flat sheet that is divided horizontally by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create 1 complete flat sheet. 5. A pillow case that combines (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together on front and back to create 1 complete pillow case. 6. A blanket that is divided vertically by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create 1 complete blanket. 7. A blanket that is divided horizontally by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create 1 complete blanket. | These are blankets, pillowcases and bedsheets, (both fitted and flat) in all sizes, twin, full, queen, king and California king. These linens, sheets and/or blankets are sewn either vertically or horizontally together combining different fabrics. The pillowcases are sewn using two different fabrics (topside/backside). This allows for individuals or couples to access two different bedding fabrics within the same bedding. For example: the vertical sheets may be comprised of half cotton/half flannel, or half microfiber/half fleece, which allows for individuals to have their preferred fabric for sleeping comfort. The horizontal linen sets would comprise of 2 different fabrics one on top, different one on bottom, which would allow individuals to have a warm fabric such as fleece on the bottom half of the sheet with a cooler fabric such as cotton on the top half of the sheet. These linens and sheets differ from others, in that they allow individual preference of fabric to sleep on.1. A fitted sheet that is divided vertically by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create 1 completed fitted sheet. 2. A fitted sheet that is divided horizontally by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create 1 complete fitted sheet. 3. A flat sheet that is divided vertically by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create I complete flat sheet. 4. A flat sheet that is divided horizontally by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create 1 complete flat sheet. 5. A pillow case that combines (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together on front and back to create 1 complete pillow case. 6. A blanket that is divided vertically by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create 1 complete blanket. 7. A blanket that is divided horizontally by combining (sewing or other means) 2 different fabrics together to create 1 complete blanket. | 1,600 |
347,028 | 16,805,507 | 1,655 | A blockchain-based transaction processing method may comprise: in response to a designated account being logged in through an application client, generating, according to input to-be-operated account information and configured operation content, an operation instruction comprising the to-be-operated account information and the operation content; and sending the operation instruction to a node in a blockchain network, causing the node in the blockchain network to invoke a smart contract corresponding to the designated account upon receiving the operation instruction, and to execute an operation according to the operation content on another account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information. | 1. A blockchain-based transaction processing method implementable by a node in a blockchain network, the method comprising:
acquiring an operation instruction from an account, the operation instruction comprising to-be-operated account information of another account in need of administrative supervision and operation content; determining whether the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to an account issuing the operation instruction; in response to determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction, determining, according to at least a first mapping relationship between issuing accounts and smart contracts, a smart contract corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction, wherein the account issuing the operation instruction is a designated account having one or more administrative supervision capabilities over the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information through one or more smart contracts corresponding to the designated account; and based on the smart contract, executing an operation according to the operation content on the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction comprises:
generating a summary of the operation instruction; using a public key in a public-private key pair corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction to encrypt the summary to obtain an encrypted summary; and determining whether the encrypted summary corresponds to an encrypted summary comprised in the operation instruction. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein executing the operation according to the operation content on the other account comprises: in response to the operation content satisfying an execution condition of the smart contract, executing the operation on the other account according to a transaction processing logic corresponding to the operation content comprised in the smart contract. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to freeze an account, executing a freezing operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the freezing operation executed on the other account being used to instruct to stop execution of transactions related to the to-be-operated account information. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to unfreeze an account, executing an unfreezing operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the unfreezing operation executed on the other account being used to instruct to resume execution of transactions related to the to-be-operated account information. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: before executing the unfreezing operation on the other account, determining that the other account is in a frozen state; and wherein executing the unfreezing operation on the other account comprises: in response to determining that the other account is in the frozen state, executing the unfreezing operation on the other account. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to suspend an account, executing a suspending operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the suspending operation executed on the other account being used to instruct the other account to stop execution of transactions. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to resume an account, executing a resuming operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the resuming operation executed on the other account being used to instruct the other account to resume execution of transactions. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: before executing the resuming operation on the other account, determining whether the other account is in a suspended state; and wherein executing the resuming operation on the other account comprises: in response to determining that the other account is in the suspended state, executing the resuming operation on the other account. 10. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to close an account, executing a closing operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the closing operation executed on the other account being used to instruct to stop execution of transactions. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein executing the closing operation on the other account, comprises:
determining an account information queue corresponding to the to-be-operated account information; and sequentially executing a suspending operation on each account corresponding to each piece of the account information in the account information queue. 12. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to open an account, executing an opening operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic. 13. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being a mandatory transfer, executing a mandatory transfer operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the mandatory transfer operation being used for mandatory transfer of a quantity of resources from the other account according to the operation content. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the smart contract corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction, comprises: selecting the smart contract based on a second mapping relationship between different operation contents and different smart contracts corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction, comprises: decrypting the operation instruction and verifying whether it is signed by the account issuing the operation instruction. 16. A blockchain-based transaction processing apparatus, comprising a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to perform a method, the method comprising:
acquiring an operation instruction from an account, the operation instruction comprising to-be-operated account information of another account in need of administrative supervision and operation content; determining whether the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to an account issuing the operation instruction; in response to determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction, determining, according to at least a first mapping relationship between issuing accounts and smart contracts, a smart contract corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction, wherein the account issuing the operation instruction is a designated account having one or more administrative supervision capabilities over the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information through one or more smart contracts corresponding to the designated account; and based on the smart contract, executing an operation according to the operation content on the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction comprises:
generating a summary of the operation instruction; using a public key in a public-private key pair corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction to encrypt the summary to obtain an encrypted summary; and determining whether the encrypted summary corresponds to an encrypted summary comprised in the operation instruction. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein executing the operation according to the operation content on the other account comprises: in response to the operation content satisfying an execution condition of the smart contract, executing the operation on the other account according to a transaction processing logic corresponding to the operation content comprised in the smart contract. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method, the method comprising:
acquiring an operation instruction from an account, the operation instruction comprising to-be-operated account information of another account in need of administrative supervision and operation content; determining whether the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to an account issuing the operation instruction; in response to determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction, determining, according to at least a first mapping relationship between issuing accounts and smart contracts, a smart contract corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction, wherein the account issuing the operation instruction is a designated account having one or more administrative supervision capabilities over the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information through one or more smart contracts corresponding to the designated account; and based on the smart contract, executing an operation according to the operation content on the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction comprises:
generating a summary of the operation instruction; using a public key in a public-private key pair corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction to encrypt the summary to obtain an encrypted summary; and determining whether the encrypted summary corresponds to an encrypted summary comprised in the operation instruction. | A blockchain-based transaction processing method may comprise: in response to a designated account being logged in through an application client, generating, according to input to-be-operated account information and configured operation content, an operation instruction comprising the to-be-operated account information and the operation content; and sending the operation instruction to a node in a blockchain network, causing the node in the blockchain network to invoke a smart contract corresponding to the designated account upon receiving the operation instruction, and to execute an operation according to the operation content on another account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information.1. A blockchain-based transaction processing method implementable by a node in a blockchain network, the method comprising:
acquiring an operation instruction from an account, the operation instruction comprising to-be-operated account information of another account in need of administrative supervision and operation content; determining whether the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to an account issuing the operation instruction; in response to determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction, determining, according to at least a first mapping relationship between issuing accounts and smart contracts, a smart contract corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction, wherein the account issuing the operation instruction is a designated account having one or more administrative supervision capabilities over the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information through one or more smart contracts corresponding to the designated account; and based on the smart contract, executing an operation according to the operation content on the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction comprises:
generating a summary of the operation instruction; using a public key in a public-private key pair corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction to encrypt the summary to obtain an encrypted summary; and determining whether the encrypted summary corresponds to an encrypted summary comprised in the operation instruction. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein executing the operation according to the operation content on the other account comprises: in response to the operation content satisfying an execution condition of the smart contract, executing the operation on the other account according to a transaction processing logic corresponding to the operation content comprised in the smart contract. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to freeze an account, executing a freezing operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the freezing operation executed on the other account being used to instruct to stop execution of transactions related to the to-be-operated account information. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to unfreeze an account, executing an unfreezing operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the unfreezing operation executed on the other account being used to instruct to resume execution of transactions related to the to-be-operated account information. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising: before executing the unfreezing operation on the other account, determining that the other account is in a frozen state; and wherein executing the unfreezing operation on the other account comprises: in response to determining that the other account is in the frozen state, executing the unfreezing operation on the other account. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to suspend an account, executing a suspending operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the suspending operation executed on the other account being used to instruct the other account to stop execution of transactions. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to resume an account, executing a resuming operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the resuming operation executed on the other account being used to instruct the other account to resume execution of transactions. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: before executing the resuming operation on the other account, determining whether the other account is in a suspended state; and wherein executing the resuming operation on the other account comprises: in response to determining that the other account is in the suspended state, executing the resuming operation on the other account. 10. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to close an account, executing a closing operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the closing operation executed on the other account being used to instruct to stop execution of transactions. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein executing the closing operation on the other account, comprises:
determining an account information queue corresponding to the to-be-operated account information; and sequentially executing a suspending operation on each account corresponding to each piece of the account information in the account information queue. 12. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being to open an account, executing an opening operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic. 13. The method of claim 3, wherein executing the operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic comprises: in response to the operation content being a mandatory transfer, executing a mandatory transfer operation on the other account according to the transaction processing logic, the mandatory transfer operation being used for mandatory transfer of a quantity of resources from the other account according to the operation content. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the smart contract corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction, comprises: selecting the smart contract based on a second mapping relationship between different operation contents and different smart contracts corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction, comprises: decrypting the operation instruction and verifying whether it is signed by the account issuing the operation instruction. 16. A blockchain-based transaction processing apparatus, comprising a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to perform a method, the method comprising:
acquiring an operation instruction from an account, the operation instruction comprising to-be-operated account information of another account in need of administrative supervision and operation content; determining whether the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to an account issuing the operation instruction; in response to determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction, determining, according to at least a first mapping relationship between issuing accounts and smart contracts, a smart contract corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction, wherein the account issuing the operation instruction is a designated account having one or more administrative supervision capabilities over the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information through one or more smart contracts corresponding to the designated account; and based on the smart contract, executing an operation according to the operation content on the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction comprises:
generating a summary of the operation instruction; using a public key in a public-private key pair corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction to encrypt the summary to obtain an encrypted summary; and determining whether the encrypted summary corresponds to an encrypted summary comprised in the operation instruction. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein executing the operation according to the operation content on the other account comprises: in response to the operation content satisfying an execution condition of the smart contract, executing the operation on the other account according to a transaction processing logic corresponding to the operation content comprised in the smart contract. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method, the method comprising:
acquiring an operation instruction from an account, the operation instruction comprising to-be-operated account information of another account in need of administrative supervision and operation content; determining whether the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to an account issuing the operation instruction; in response to determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction, determining, according to at least a first mapping relationship between issuing accounts and smart contracts, a smart contract corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction, wherein the account issuing the operation instruction is a designated account having one or more administrative supervision capabilities over the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information through one or more smart contracts corresponding to the designated account; and based on the smart contract, executing an operation according to the operation content on the other account corresponding to the to-be-operated account information. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein determining that the account sending the operation instruction corresponds to the account issuing the operation instruction comprises:
generating a summary of the operation instruction; using a public key in a public-private key pair corresponding to the account issuing the operation instruction to encrypt the summary to obtain an encrypted summary; and determining whether the encrypted summary corresponds to an encrypted summary comprised in the operation instruction. | 1,600 |
347,029 | 16,805,521 | 1,655 | The present invention provides methods, processes, and systems for the manufacture of three-dimensional articles made of polymers using 3D printing. A layer of powder is deposited on a build plate to form a powder bed. Then, a sintering agent is printed on the powder bed in a predetermined pattern. The printed sintering agent is exposed to stimulus which results in the selective sintering of the power printed with the sintering agent. Sequential layers are printed to provide the three-dimensional article. The sintering agent may include a croconaine dye. The sintering agent may further include a surfactant. The three-dimensional object can be cured to produce the three-dimensional article composed of the final polymers. | 1. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional article, the method comprising:
(a) depositing a powder on a build plate to form a powder bed; (b) printing, at selected locations on the powder bed, a sintering agent; (c) exposing the sintering agent to a stimulus so as to selectively sinter the powder printed with the sintering agent; and repeating steps (a)-(c) to manufacture the remainder of the three-dimensional article wherein the sintering agent comprises a croconaine dye. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the croconaine dye is a water soluble croconaine dye. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sintering agent further comprises a surfactant. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), IGEPAL CO-890, pluronic, polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of surfactant:croconaine dye by mass of is 1:1, 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1, 100:1, 200:1, 300:1, 400:1, 500:1, 600:1, 800:1, 900:1, 1000:1, 1100:1, 1200:1, 1300:1, 1400:1, 1500:1, 1600:1, 1700:1, 1800:1, 1900:1, 2000:1, 3000:1, 4000:1, or 5000:1. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein stimulus comprises near-infrared radiation, infrared radiation, or combination thereof. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is selected from the group consisting of prepolymers, polymers, ceramics, metals, and plastics. 8. A system for printing a three-dimensional article, the system comprising:
a depositing mechanism to depose a powder layer on a build plate; one or more printing mechanisms to a sintering agent at selected locations; a stimulus mechanism to provide a stimulus to the sintering agent; and a printing controller to repeat the printing mechanism to print the sintering agent on a powder layer exposed to a stimulus at a predetermined condition; wherein the sintering agent comprises a croconaine dye. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the croconaine dye is a water soluble croconaine dye. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the sintering agent further comprises a surfactant. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), IGEPAL CO-890, pluronic, polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the ratio of surfactant:croconaine dye by mass of is 1:1, 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1, 100:1, 200:1, 300:1, 400:1, 500:1, 600:1, 800:1, 900:1, 1000:1, 1100:1, 1200:1, 1300:1, 1400:1, 1500:1, 1600:1, 1700:1, 1800:1, 1900:1, 2000:1, 3000:1, 4000:1, or 5000:1. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein stimulus mechanism provides a stimulus of near-infrared radiation, infrared radiation, or combination thereof. | The present invention provides methods, processes, and systems for the manufacture of three-dimensional articles made of polymers using 3D printing. A layer of powder is deposited on a build plate to form a powder bed. Then, a sintering agent is printed on the powder bed in a predetermined pattern. The printed sintering agent is exposed to stimulus which results in the selective sintering of the power printed with the sintering agent. Sequential layers are printed to provide the three-dimensional article. The sintering agent may include a croconaine dye. The sintering agent may further include a surfactant. The three-dimensional object can be cured to produce the three-dimensional article composed of the final polymers.1. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional article, the method comprising:
(a) depositing a powder on a build plate to form a powder bed; (b) printing, at selected locations on the powder bed, a sintering agent; (c) exposing the sintering agent to a stimulus so as to selectively sinter the powder printed with the sintering agent; and repeating steps (a)-(c) to manufacture the remainder of the three-dimensional article wherein the sintering agent comprises a croconaine dye. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the croconaine dye is a water soluble croconaine dye. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sintering agent further comprises a surfactant. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), IGEPAL CO-890, pluronic, polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the ratio of surfactant:croconaine dye by mass of is 1:1, 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1, 100:1, 200:1, 300:1, 400:1, 500:1, 600:1, 800:1, 900:1, 1000:1, 1100:1, 1200:1, 1300:1, 1400:1, 1500:1, 1600:1, 1700:1, 1800:1, 1900:1, 2000:1, 3000:1, 4000:1, or 5000:1. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein stimulus comprises near-infrared radiation, infrared radiation, or combination thereof. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is selected from the group consisting of prepolymers, polymers, ceramics, metals, and plastics. 8. A system for printing a three-dimensional article, the system comprising:
a depositing mechanism to depose a powder layer on a build plate; one or more printing mechanisms to a sintering agent at selected locations; a stimulus mechanism to provide a stimulus to the sintering agent; and a printing controller to repeat the printing mechanism to print the sintering agent on a powder layer exposed to a stimulus at a predetermined condition; wherein the sintering agent comprises a croconaine dye. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the croconaine dye is a water soluble croconaine dye. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the sintering agent further comprises a surfactant. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), IGEPAL CO-890, pluronic, polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the ratio of surfactant:croconaine dye by mass of is 1:1, 10:1, 20:1, 30:1, 40:1, 50:1, 60:1, 70:1, 80:1, 90:1, 100:1, 200:1, 300:1, 400:1, 500:1, 600:1, 800:1, 900:1, 1000:1, 1100:1, 1200:1, 1300:1, 1400:1, 1500:1, 1600:1, 1700:1, 1800:1, 1900:1, 2000:1, 3000:1, 4000:1, or 5000:1. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein stimulus mechanism provides a stimulus of near-infrared radiation, infrared radiation, or combination thereof. | 1,600 |
347,030 | 16,805,497 | 1,655 | Embodiments of the disclosure relate generally to flicker reduction in a multi-imager environment. Embodiments include methods, computer program products, and apparatuses configured for producing a near-field illumination using a near-field illuminator, the near-field illumination produced at a defined pulse train. A near-field image sensor may be exposed near the start of a near-field illumination pulse, and a far-field image sensor may be exposed between pulses of the near-field illumination. Some embodiments, additionally or alternatively, are configured for detecting an illuminator switch event, deactivating the near-field illuminator source, and producing, using a far-field illuminator source, a far-field illumination. Upon switching the illuminator source, some such embodiments are configured for exposing a far-field illuminator near the start of the far-field illumination pulse, and exposing a near-field image sensor near the start of the next available far-field illumination pulse. Such image capture may repeat until an image processing task such as barcode reading is successful. | 1. A method for flicker reduction in a multi-imager environment, the method comprising:
producing, using a near-field illuminator source, a near-field illumination associated with at least one near-field illumination pulse; exposing a near-field image sensor during a first near-field illumination pulse of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generating a near-field image based on the exposure of the near-field image sensor; exposing a far-field image sensor such that the exposure of the far-field image sensor is not during any of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generating a far-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor; detecting an illuminator switch event; and in response to the detection of the illuminator switch event:
deactivating the near-field illuminator source; and
producing, using a far-field illuminator source, a far-field illumination associated with at least one far-field illumination pulse. 2. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
exposing the near-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the nearfield image sensor is near-aligned with a first far-field pulse start time of a first far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse; generating a second near-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor near-aligned with the first far-field pulse start time; exposing the far-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the farfield image sensor is near-aligned with a second far-field pulse start time of a second far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse; and generating a second far-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor near-aligned with the second far-field pulse start time. 3. The method of claim 2, the method further comprising:
in response to generating the second near-field image, determining a timing offset until a next far-field pulse start time associated with a next far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse, wherein the exposing the near-field image sensor near-aligned with the second far-field pulse start time occurs after the timing offset has elapsed. 4-8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the illuminator switch event comprises:
determining each captured image of a captured image set is associated with an image property that does not satisfy an image property threshold, wherein the captured image set comprises at least the near-field image and the far-field image, wherein the captured image set comprises a number of captured images, and wherein the number of captured images satisfies a near-illuminator capture threshold. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the image property comprises an image white level value, and wherein the image property threshold comprises a minimum white level threshold. 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
processing the far-field image to determine an image property associated with the far-field image does not satisfy an image property threshold associated with the image property; and altering at least one of an exposure time value for the far-field image sensor or a gain value for the far-field image sensor. 13. (canceled) 14. An apparatus for flicker reduction in a multi-imager environment, the apparatus comprising:
a multi-sensor imaging engine comprising at least a near-field illuminator source, a far-field illuminator source, a near-field image sensor, and a far-field image sensor; a processor that configures the apparatus to: produce, using the near-field illuminator source, a near-field illumination associated with at least one near-field illumination pulse, each near-field illumination pulse associated with a near-field pulse start time and a near-field pulse end time; expose the near-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the near-field image sensor is near-aligned with a first near-field pulse start time of a first near-field illumination pulse of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generate a near-field image based on the exposure of the near-field image sensor; expose the far-field image sensor such that the exposure of the far-field image sensor is not during any of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generate a far-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor; detect an illuminator switch event; and in response to the detection of the illuminator switch event:
deactivate the near-field illuminator source; and
produce, using the far-field illuminator source, associated with at least one far-field illumination pulse, each far-field illumination pulse associated with a far-field illumination pulse start time and a far-field pulse end time. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
expose the near-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the nearfield image sensor is near-aligned with a first far-field pulse start time of a first far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse; generate a second near-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor near-aligned with the first far-field pulse start time; expose the far-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the far-field image sensor is near-aligned with a second far-field pulse start time of a second far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse; and generate a second far-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor near-aligned with the second far-field pulse start time. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, the apparatus further configured to:
in response to generating the second near-field image, determine a timing offset until a next far-field pulse start time associated with a next far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse, wherein the exposing the near-field image sensor near-aligned with the second far-field pulse start time occurs after the timing offset has elapsed. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, the apparatus further configured to:
in response to generating the second far-field image, determine a timing offset until a next far-field pulse start time associated with a next far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse, wherein the exposing the near-field image sensor near-aligned with the first far-field pulse start time occurs after the timing offset has elapsed. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
in response to generating the near-field image, determine a timing offset until a next nearfield pulse start time associated with a next near-field illumination pulse of the at least one nearfield illumination pulse; and determine the timing offset is longer than an exposure time associated with the far-field image sensor, wherein the exposing the far-field image sensor occurs in response to determining the timing offset is longer than the exposure time associated with the far-field image sensor. 19. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
in response to generating the near-field image, determine a timing offset until a next nearfield pulse start time associated with a next near-field illumination pulse of the at least one nearfield illumination pulse, wherein the exposing the far-field image sensor occurs after delaying for a length of time represented by the timing offset combined with a difference between the next near-field pulse start time associated with the next near-field illumination pulse and a next near-field pulse end time associated with the next near-field illumination pulse. 20. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
in response to generate the far-field image, determining a timing offset until a next nearfield pulse start time associated with a next near-field illumination pulse of the at least one nearfield illumination pulse, wherein the exposing the near-field image sensor occurs after the timing offset has elapsed. 21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the near-field illuminator source produces the at least one near-field illumination pulse based on a defined pulse frequency and a defined pulse phase, and wherein the far-field illuminator source produces the at least one far-field illumination pulse based on the defined pulse frequency and the defined pulse phase. 22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein to detect the illuminator switch event, the apparatus is configured to:
determine each captured image of a captured image set is associated with an image property that does not satisfy an image property threshold, wherein the captured image set comprises at least the near-field image and the far-field image, wherein the captured image set comprises a number of captured images, and wherein the number of captured images satisfies a near-illuminator capture threshold. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the image property comprises an image white level value, and wherein the image property threshold comprises a minimum white level threshold. 24. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the beginning of the exposure of the far-field image sensor is near-aligned with a first near-field pulse end time of the first near-field illumination pulse. 25. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
process the far-field image to determine an image property associated with the far-field image does not satisfy an image property threshold associated with the image property; and alter at least one of an exposure time value for the far-field image sensor or a gain value for the far-field image sensor. 26. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
detect a near-field illuminator reactivation event; deactivate the far-field illuminator source; and produce the near-field illumination using the near-field illuminator source. 27. A computer program product for flicker reduction in a multi: imager environment, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer program code stored thereon, the computer program code, in execution with at least one processor, configured for:
producing, using a near-field illuminator source, a near-field illumination associated with at least one near-field illumination pulse, each near-field illumination pulse associated with a near-field pulse start time and a near-field pulse end time; exposing a near-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the nearfield image sensor is near-aligned with a first near-field pulse start time of a first near-field illumination pulse of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generating a near-field image based on the exposure of the near-field image sensor; exposing a far-field image sensor such that the exposure of the far-field image sensor is not during any of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generating a far-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor; detecting an illuminator switch event; in response to the detection of the illuminator switch event:
deactivating the near-field illuminator source; and
producing, using a far-field illuminator source, associated with at least one far-field illumination pulse, each far-field illumination pulse associated with a far-field illumination pulse start time and a far-field pulse end time. 28-39. (canceled) | Embodiments of the disclosure relate generally to flicker reduction in a multi-imager environment. Embodiments include methods, computer program products, and apparatuses configured for producing a near-field illumination using a near-field illuminator, the near-field illumination produced at a defined pulse train. A near-field image sensor may be exposed near the start of a near-field illumination pulse, and a far-field image sensor may be exposed between pulses of the near-field illumination. Some embodiments, additionally or alternatively, are configured for detecting an illuminator switch event, deactivating the near-field illuminator source, and producing, using a far-field illuminator source, a far-field illumination. Upon switching the illuminator source, some such embodiments are configured for exposing a far-field illuminator near the start of the far-field illumination pulse, and exposing a near-field image sensor near the start of the next available far-field illumination pulse. Such image capture may repeat until an image processing task such as barcode reading is successful.1. A method for flicker reduction in a multi-imager environment, the method comprising:
producing, using a near-field illuminator source, a near-field illumination associated with at least one near-field illumination pulse; exposing a near-field image sensor during a first near-field illumination pulse of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generating a near-field image based on the exposure of the near-field image sensor; exposing a far-field image sensor such that the exposure of the far-field image sensor is not during any of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generating a far-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor; detecting an illuminator switch event; and in response to the detection of the illuminator switch event:
deactivating the near-field illuminator source; and
producing, using a far-field illuminator source, a far-field illumination associated with at least one far-field illumination pulse. 2. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
exposing the near-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the nearfield image sensor is near-aligned with a first far-field pulse start time of a first far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse; generating a second near-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor near-aligned with the first far-field pulse start time; exposing the far-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the farfield image sensor is near-aligned with a second far-field pulse start time of a second far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse; and generating a second far-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor near-aligned with the second far-field pulse start time. 3. The method of claim 2, the method further comprising:
in response to generating the second near-field image, determining a timing offset until a next far-field pulse start time associated with a next far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse, wherein the exposing the near-field image sensor near-aligned with the second far-field pulse start time occurs after the timing offset has elapsed. 4-8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the illuminator switch event comprises:
determining each captured image of a captured image set is associated with an image property that does not satisfy an image property threshold, wherein the captured image set comprises at least the near-field image and the far-field image, wherein the captured image set comprises a number of captured images, and wherein the number of captured images satisfies a near-illuminator capture threshold. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the image property comprises an image white level value, and wherein the image property threshold comprises a minimum white level threshold. 11. (canceled) 12. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
processing the far-field image to determine an image property associated with the far-field image does not satisfy an image property threshold associated with the image property; and altering at least one of an exposure time value for the far-field image sensor or a gain value for the far-field image sensor. 13. (canceled) 14. An apparatus for flicker reduction in a multi-imager environment, the apparatus comprising:
a multi-sensor imaging engine comprising at least a near-field illuminator source, a far-field illuminator source, a near-field image sensor, and a far-field image sensor; a processor that configures the apparatus to: produce, using the near-field illuminator source, a near-field illumination associated with at least one near-field illumination pulse, each near-field illumination pulse associated with a near-field pulse start time and a near-field pulse end time; expose the near-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the near-field image sensor is near-aligned with a first near-field pulse start time of a first near-field illumination pulse of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generate a near-field image based on the exposure of the near-field image sensor; expose the far-field image sensor such that the exposure of the far-field image sensor is not during any of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generate a far-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor; detect an illuminator switch event; and in response to the detection of the illuminator switch event:
deactivate the near-field illuminator source; and
produce, using the far-field illuminator source, associated with at least one far-field illumination pulse, each far-field illumination pulse associated with a far-field illumination pulse start time and a far-field pulse end time. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
expose the near-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the nearfield image sensor is near-aligned with a first far-field pulse start time of a first far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse; generate a second near-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor near-aligned with the first far-field pulse start time; expose the far-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the far-field image sensor is near-aligned with a second far-field pulse start time of a second far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse; and generate a second far-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor near-aligned with the second far-field pulse start time. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, the apparatus further configured to:
in response to generating the second near-field image, determine a timing offset until a next far-field pulse start time associated with a next far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse, wherein the exposing the near-field image sensor near-aligned with the second far-field pulse start time occurs after the timing offset has elapsed. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, the apparatus further configured to:
in response to generating the second far-field image, determine a timing offset until a next far-field pulse start time associated with a next far-field illumination pulse of the at least one far-field illumination pulse, wherein the exposing the near-field image sensor near-aligned with the first far-field pulse start time occurs after the timing offset has elapsed. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
in response to generating the near-field image, determine a timing offset until a next nearfield pulse start time associated with a next near-field illumination pulse of the at least one nearfield illumination pulse; and determine the timing offset is longer than an exposure time associated with the far-field image sensor, wherein the exposing the far-field image sensor occurs in response to determining the timing offset is longer than the exposure time associated with the far-field image sensor. 19. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
in response to generating the near-field image, determine a timing offset until a next nearfield pulse start time associated with a next near-field illumination pulse of the at least one nearfield illumination pulse, wherein the exposing the far-field image sensor occurs after delaying for a length of time represented by the timing offset combined with a difference between the next near-field pulse start time associated with the next near-field illumination pulse and a next near-field pulse end time associated with the next near-field illumination pulse. 20. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
in response to generate the far-field image, determining a timing offset until a next nearfield pulse start time associated with a next near-field illumination pulse of the at least one nearfield illumination pulse, wherein the exposing the near-field image sensor occurs after the timing offset has elapsed. 21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the near-field illuminator source produces the at least one near-field illumination pulse based on a defined pulse frequency and a defined pulse phase, and wherein the far-field illuminator source produces the at least one far-field illumination pulse based on the defined pulse frequency and the defined pulse phase. 22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein to detect the illuminator switch event, the apparatus is configured to:
determine each captured image of a captured image set is associated with an image property that does not satisfy an image property threshold, wherein the captured image set comprises at least the near-field image and the far-field image, wherein the captured image set comprises a number of captured images, and wherein the number of captured images satisfies a near-illuminator capture threshold. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the image property comprises an image white level value, and wherein the image property threshold comprises a minimum white level threshold. 24. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the beginning of the exposure of the far-field image sensor is near-aligned with a first near-field pulse end time of the first near-field illumination pulse. 25. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
process the far-field image to determine an image property associated with the far-field image does not satisfy an image property threshold associated with the image property; and alter at least one of an exposure time value for the far-field image sensor or a gain value for the far-field image sensor. 26. The apparatus of claim 14, the apparatus further configured to:
detect a near-field illuminator reactivation event; deactivate the far-field illuminator source; and produce the near-field illumination using the near-field illuminator source. 27. A computer program product for flicker reduction in a multi: imager environment, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer program code stored thereon, the computer program code, in execution with at least one processor, configured for:
producing, using a near-field illuminator source, a near-field illumination associated with at least one near-field illumination pulse, each near-field illumination pulse associated with a near-field pulse start time and a near-field pulse end time; exposing a near-field image sensor such that the beginning of the exposure of the nearfield image sensor is near-aligned with a first near-field pulse start time of a first near-field illumination pulse of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generating a near-field image based on the exposure of the near-field image sensor; exposing a far-field image sensor such that the exposure of the far-field image sensor is not during any of the at least one near-field illumination pulse; generating a far-field image based on the exposure of the far-field image sensor; detecting an illuminator switch event; in response to the detection of the illuminator switch event:
deactivating the near-field illuminator source; and
producing, using a far-field illuminator source, associated with at least one far-field illumination pulse, each far-field illumination pulse associated with a far-field illumination pulse start time and a far-field pulse end time. 28-39. (canceled) | 1,600 |
347,031 | 16,805,511 | 1,655 | A method for producing a radiation-emitting device is disclosed. In an embodiment a method includes providing a substrate, applying a first electrode over the substrate, applying a fluorescent compound over the first electrode, wherein the fluorescent compound forms at least a part of a light-emitting layer of a radiation-emitting organic electronic device, and applying a second electrode over the light-emitting layer. | 1. A method for producing a radiation-emitting organic electronic device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate; applying a first electrode over the substrate; applying a fluorescent compound over the first electrode, wherein the fluorescent compound forms at least a part of a light-emitting layer of the radiation-emitting organic electronic device; and applying a second electrode over the light-emitting layer. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescent compound is a fluorescent compound of the following formula: 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein applying the fluorescent compound over the first electrode comprises evaporating the fluorescent compound under reduced pressure and depositing the fluorescent compound over the first electrode. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein evaporating the fluorescent compound comprises co-evaporating the fluorescent compound and a matrix material. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein applying the fluorescent compound over the first electrode comprises applying the fluorescent compound in a solution over the first electrode. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising applying a further light-emitting layer over the light-emitting layer before applying the second electrode. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium, samarium, germanium, zinc, copper, indium, tin and lithium. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the second electrode comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium, germanium, samarium, zinc, copper, indium, tin and lithium. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises magnesium and silver, and wherein the first electrode is transparent for light. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the second electrode comprises silver, and wherein the second electrode is reflective for light. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium, germanium, samarium, zinc, copper, indium, tin and lithium. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises silver, and wherein the second electrode is reflective for light. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a distance of the light-emitting layer from the first electrode is between 1 nm and 90 nm. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein a distance of the light-emitting layer from the second electrode is between 1 nm and 90 nm. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein a distance of the light-emitting layer from the second electrode is between 1 nm and 90 nm. | A method for producing a radiation-emitting device is disclosed. In an embodiment a method includes providing a substrate, applying a first electrode over the substrate, applying a fluorescent compound over the first electrode, wherein the fluorescent compound forms at least a part of a light-emitting layer of a radiation-emitting organic electronic device, and applying a second electrode over the light-emitting layer.1. A method for producing a radiation-emitting organic electronic device, the method comprising:
providing a substrate; applying a first electrode over the substrate; applying a fluorescent compound over the first electrode, wherein the fluorescent compound forms at least a part of a light-emitting layer of the radiation-emitting organic electronic device; and applying a second electrode over the light-emitting layer. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fluorescent compound is a fluorescent compound of the following formula: 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein applying the fluorescent compound over the first electrode comprises evaporating the fluorescent compound under reduced pressure and depositing the fluorescent compound over the first electrode. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein evaporating the fluorescent compound comprises co-evaporating the fluorescent compound and a matrix material. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein applying the fluorescent compound over the first electrode comprises applying the fluorescent compound in a solution over the first electrode. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising applying a further light-emitting layer over the light-emitting layer before applying the second electrode. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium, samarium, germanium, zinc, copper, indium, tin and lithium. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the second electrode comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium, germanium, samarium, zinc, copper, indium, tin and lithium. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises magnesium and silver, and wherein the first electrode is transparent for light. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the second electrode comprises silver, and wherein the second electrode is reflective for light. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium, germanium, samarium, zinc, copper, indium, tin and lithium. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises silver, and wherein the second electrode is reflective for light. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a distance of the light-emitting layer from the first electrode is between 1 nm and 90 nm. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein a distance of the light-emitting layer from the second electrode is between 1 nm and 90 nm. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein a distance of the light-emitting layer from the second electrode is between 1 nm and 90 nm. | 1,600 |
347,032 | 16,805,513 | 1,655 | An enterprise management system includes a first subsystem located at a first geographic location and including a first building device, a second subsystem located at a second geographic location and including a second building device, and one or more memory devices having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including receiving first alarm data from the first subsystem, the first alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the first building device, receiving second alarm data from the second subsystem, the second alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the second building device, and providing aggregate alarm data on a user interface based on the first alarm data and the second alarm data, the aggregate alarm data indicating a total number of alarms for the system. | 1. An enterprise management system comprising:
a first subsystem located at a first geographic location, the first subsystem comprising a first building device; a second subsystem located at a second geographic location, the first geographic location different than the second geographic location and the second subsystem comprising a second building device; and one or more memory devices having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving first alarm data from the first subsystem, the first alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the first building device;
receiving second alarm data from the second subsystem, the second alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the second building device; and
providing aggregate alarm data on a user interface based on the first alarm data and the second alarm data. 2. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
receiving a user input indicating a parameter for filtering the aggregate alarm data; providing new aggregate alarm data based on the parameter; providing a new user interface configured to present the new aggregate alarm data; and displaying the new user interface via a user device. 3. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
determining an access level of a user of the user device; and filtering the aggregate alarm data based on the access level of the user. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first subsystem and the second subsystem are different types of building subsystems. 5. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
mapping at least one of the first alarm data or the second alarm data to an associated one of the first building device or the second building device. 6. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
decoding the first alarm data to determine an alarm message, a severity, and a time of occurrence for the alarm condition associated with the first building device; and decoding the second alarm data to determine an alarm message, a severity, and a time of occurrence for the alarm condition associated with the second building device. 7. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
determining an automated control action based on at least one of the first alarm data or the second alarm data; and initiating the automated control action. 8. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising determining a severity for each of the first alarm data and the second alarm data, wherein the aggregate alarm data further indicates a total number of alarms for the system by severity. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the aggregate alarm data is displayed as a graphical element, the graphical element presenting the total number of alarms for the system by severity. 10. A method comprising:
receiving first alarm data for a first subsystem located at a first geographic location, the first alarm data indicating an alarm condition for a first device of the first subsystem; receiving second alarm data for a second subsystem located at a second geographic location, the second geographic location different than the first geographic location and the second alarm data indicating an alarm condition for a second device of the second subsystem; generating aggregate alarm data based on the first alarm data and the second alarm data; generating a user interface configured to present the aggregate alarm data; displaying the user interface via a user device; receiving, via the user interface, a user input indicating a parameter for filtering the aggregate alarm data; and reconfiguring the user interface based on the user input. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining an access level of a user of the user device; and filtering the aggregate alarm data based on the access level of the user. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the first subsystem and the second subsystem are different types of building subsystems. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising mapping at least one of the first alarm data or the second alarm data to an associated one of the first device or the second device. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
decoding the first alarm data to determine an alarm message, a severity, and a time of occurrence for the alarm condition associated with the first device; and decoding the second alarm data to determine an alarm message, a severity, and a time of occurrence for the alarm condition associated with the second device. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining an automated control action based on at least one of the first alarm data or the second alarm data; and initiating the automated control action. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the aggregate alarm data is displayed as a graphical element, the graphical element presenting the total number of alarms for the system based on severity. 17. An enterprise management system comprising:
a first subsystem located at a first geographic location; a second subsystem located at a second geographic location, the first geographic location different than the second geographic location; and a server configured to:
receive first alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the first subsystem;
receive second alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the second subsystem;
generate aggregate alarm data based on the first alarm data and the second alarm data;
display a user interface configured to present the aggregate alarm data via a user device;
receive, via the user interface, a user input indicating a parameter for filtering the aggregate alarm data; and
reconfigure the user interface based on the user input. 18. The system of claim 17, the server configured to:
determine an automated control action based on at least one of the first alarm data or the second alarm data; and initiate the automated control action. 19. The system of claim 17, the server configured to:
determine an access level of a user of the user device; and filter the aggregate alarm data based on the access level of the user. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the first subsystem and the second subsystem are different types of building subsystems. | An enterprise management system includes a first subsystem located at a first geographic location and including a first building device, a second subsystem located at a second geographic location and including a second building device, and one or more memory devices having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including receiving first alarm data from the first subsystem, the first alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the first building device, receiving second alarm data from the second subsystem, the second alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the second building device, and providing aggregate alarm data on a user interface based on the first alarm data and the second alarm data, the aggregate alarm data indicating a total number of alarms for the system.1. An enterprise management system comprising:
a first subsystem located at a first geographic location, the first subsystem comprising a first building device; a second subsystem located at a second geographic location, the first geographic location different than the second geographic location and the second subsystem comprising a second building device; and one or more memory devices having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving first alarm data from the first subsystem, the first alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the first building device;
receiving second alarm data from the second subsystem, the second alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the second building device; and
providing aggregate alarm data on a user interface based on the first alarm data and the second alarm data. 2. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
receiving a user input indicating a parameter for filtering the aggregate alarm data; providing new aggregate alarm data based on the parameter; providing a new user interface configured to present the new aggregate alarm data; and displaying the new user interface via a user device. 3. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
determining an access level of a user of the user device; and filtering the aggregate alarm data based on the access level of the user. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first subsystem and the second subsystem are different types of building subsystems. 5. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
mapping at least one of the first alarm data or the second alarm data to an associated one of the first building device or the second building device. 6. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
decoding the first alarm data to determine an alarm message, a severity, and a time of occurrence for the alarm condition associated with the first building device; and decoding the second alarm data to determine an alarm message, a severity, and a time of occurrence for the alarm condition associated with the second building device. 7. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
determining an automated control action based on at least one of the first alarm data or the second alarm data; and initiating the automated control action. 8. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising determining a severity for each of the first alarm data and the second alarm data, wherein the aggregate alarm data further indicates a total number of alarms for the system by severity. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the aggregate alarm data is displayed as a graphical element, the graphical element presenting the total number of alarms for the system by severity. 10. A method comprising:
receiving first alarm data for a first subsystem located at a first geographic location, the first alarm data indicating an alarm condition for a first device of the first subsystem; receiving second alarm data for a second subsystem located at a second geographic location, the second geographic location different than the first geographic location and the second alarm data indicating an alarm condition for a second device of the second subsystem; generating aggregate alarm data based on the first alarm data and the second alarm data; generating a user interface configured to present the aggregate alarm data; displaying the user interface via a user device; receiving, via the user interface, a user input indicating a parameter for filtering the aggregate alarm data; and reconfiguring the user interface based on the user input. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining an access level of a user of the user device; and filtering the aggregate alarm data based on the access level of the user. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the first subsystem and the second subsystem are different types of building subsystems. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising mapping at least one of the first alarm data or the second alarm data to an associated one of the first device or the second device. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
decoding the first alarm data to determine an alarm message, a severity, and a time of occurrence for the alarm condition associated with the first device; and decoding the second alarm data to determine an alarm message, a severity, and a time of occurrence for the alarm condition associated with the second device. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
determining an automated control action based on at least one of the first alarm data or the second alarm data; and initiating the automated control action. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the aggregate alarm data is displayed as a graphical element, the graphical element presenting the total number of alarms for the system based on severity. 17. An enterprise management system comprising:
a first subsystem located at a first geographic location; a second subsystem located at a second geographic location, the first geographic location different than the second geographic location; and a server configured to:
receive first alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the first subsystem;
receive second alarm data indicating an alarm condition for the second subsystem;
generate aggregate alarm data based on the first alarm data and the second alarm data;
display a user interface configured to present the aggregate alarm data via a user device;
receive, via the user interface, a user input indicating a parameter for filtering the aggregate alarm data; and
reconfigure the user interface based on the user input. 18. The system of claim 17, the server configured to:
determine an automated control action based on at least one of the first alarm data or the second alarm data; and initiate the automated control action. 19. The system of claim 17, the server configured to:
determine an access level of a user of the user device; and filter the aggregate alarm data based on the access level of the user. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the first subsystem and the second subsystem are different types of building subsystems. | 1,600 |
347,033 | 16,805,505 | 1,655 | A filter assembly for filtering water in spas, swimming pools, hot tubs and whirlpools, having a first or outer filter element, a second or inner filter element removably installed within the outer filter element, a first coupling member associated with the outer filter element, a second coupling member associated with the inner filter element, the first and second coupling members engaging one another to connect the inner filter element with the outer filter element, and a releasable detent arrangement resisting disengagement of the first and second coupling members from one another. The outer filter element includes a filter medium for mechanically removing particulates from a fluid to be treated and the inner filter element includes a filter medium containing fluid purifying particles. | 1. A filter element for a filter assembly, the filter element comprising:
a coupling member for engaging a corresponding coupling member of a second filter element of the filter assembly, to connect the filter element with the second filter element when the second filter element is removably installed within the filter element, the coupling member including one of:
a continuous thread or a thread segment;
a continuous groove or a groove segment; and
a lug; 2. The filter element of claim 1, wherein the detent member includes one of an indentation and a bump provided on a pedestal disposed on an end cap of the first filter element, the detent member releasably engaging a corresponding detent member provided on the second filter element, when the second filter element is removably installed within the filter element. 3. The filter element of claim 1, further comprising a filter medium for mechanically removing particulates from a fluid to be treated. 4. The filter element of claim 3, further comprising an upper end cap and a lower end cap, the filter medium disposed between the upper and lower end caps, the upper end cap including an opening for removably inserting the second filter element within the filter element. 5. The filter element of claim 1, further comprising an end cap having an opening for removably inserting the second filter element within the filter element, the opening having a surface which includes the coupling member, the coupling member including one of:
a continuous thread or a thread segment; a continuous groove or a groove segment; and a lug. 6. The filter element of claim 1, further comprising an end cap having an opening for removably inserting the second filter element within the filter element, the coupling member disposed within the opening of the end cap. 7. The filter element of claim 6, wherein the coupling member comprises a filter lock insert having an annular circumferential surface, the filter lock insert including one of:
a continuous thread or a thread segment provided on the circumferential surface of the filter lock insert; a continuous groove or a groove segment provided in the circumferential surface of the filter lock insert; and a lug provide on the circumferential surface of the filter lock insert. 8. The filter element of claim 1, further comprising an end cap having an opening for removably attaching the filter element to a filter system. 9. The filter element of claim 1, further comprising an end cap having an opening and a connector disposed within the opening for removably attaching the filter element to a filter system. 10. A filter element for a filter assembly, the filter element comprising:
a coupling member for engaging a corresponding coupling member of a second filter element of the filter assembly, to connect the filter element with the second filter element when the filter element is removably installed within the second filter element, the coupling member including one of:
a continuous thread or a thread segment;
a continuous groove or a groove segment; and
a lug; 11. The filter element of claim 10, wherein the detent member includes one of an indentation and a bump provided on an abutment surface of a handle of the filter element, the detent member releasably engaging a corresponding detent member provided on the second filter element, when the filter element is removably installed within the second filter element. 12. The filter element of claim 10, further comprising a filter medium including a fluid purifying particles. 13. The filter element of claim 12, wherein the fluid purifying medium particles are formed of an alloy of copper and zinc. 14. The filter element of claim 10, further comprising a handle structure and a filter medium depending from the handle structure. 15. The filter element of claim 14, wherein the handle structure includes a closure member and a handle member extending from the closure member, the closure member including the coupling member. 16. The filter element of claim 15, wherein the closure member includes a skirt having an annular circumferential surface, the circumferential surface including the coupling member. | A filter assembly for filtering water in spas, swimming pools, hot tubs and whirlpools, having a first or outer filter element, a second or inner filter element removably installed within the outer filter element, a first coupling member associated with the outer filter element, a second coupling member associated with the inner filter element, the first and second coupling members engaging one another to connect the inner filter element with the outer filter element, and a releasable detent arrangement resisting disengagement of the first and second coupling members from one another. The outer filter element includes a filter medium for mechanically removing particulates from a fluid to be treated and the inner filter element includes a filter medium containing fluid purifying particles.1. A filter element for a filter assembly, the filter element comprising:
a coupling member for engaging a corresponding coupling member of a second filter element of the filter assembly, to connect the filter element with the second filter element when the second filter element is removably installed within the filter element, the coupling member including one of:
a continuous thread or a thread segment;
a continuous groove or a groove segment; and
a lug; 2. The filter element of claim 1, wherein the detent member includes one of an indentation and a bump provided on a pedestal disposed on an end cap of the first filter element, the detent member releasably engaging a corresponding detent member provided on the second filter element, when the second filter element is removably installed within the filter element. 3. The filter element of claim 1, further comprising a filter medium for mechanically removing particulates from a fluid to be treated. 4. The filter element of claim 3, further comprising an upper end cap and a lower end cap, the filter medium disposed between the upper and lower end caps, the upper end cap including an opening for removably inserting the second filter element within the filter element. 5. The filter element of claim 1, further comprising an end cap having an opening for removably inserting the second filter element within the filter element, the opening having a surface which includes the coupling member, the coupling member including one of:
a continuous thread or a thread segment; a continuous groove or a groove segment; and a lug. 6. The filter element of claim 1, further comprising an end cap having an opening for removably inserting the second filter element within the filter element, the coupling member disposed within the opening of the end cap. 7. The filter element of claim 6, wherein the coupling member comprises a filter lock insert having an annular circumferential surface, the filter lock insert including one of:
a continuous thread or a thread segment provided on the circumferential surface of the filter lock insert; a continuous groove or a groove segment provided in the circumferential surface of the filter lock insert; and a lug provide on the circumferential surface of the filter lock insert. 8. The filter element of claim 1, further comprising an end cap having an opening for removably attaching the filter element to a filter system. 9. The filter element of claim 1, further comprising an end cap having an opening and a connector disposed within the opening for removably attaching the filter element to a filter system. 10. A filter element for a filter assembly, the filter element comprising:
a coupling member for engaging a corresponding coupling member of a second filter element of the filter assembly, to connect the filter element with the second filter element when the filter element is removably installed within the second filter element, the coupling member including one of:
a continuous thread or a thread segment;
a continuous groove or a groove segment; and
a lug; 11. The filter element of claim 10, wherein the detent member includes one of an indentation and a bump provided on an abutment surface of a handle of the filter element, the detent member releasably engaging a corresponding detent member provided on the second filter element, when the filter element is removably installed within the second filter element. 12. The filter element of claim 10, further comprising a filter medium including a fluid purifying particles. 13. The filter element of claim 12, wherein the fluid purifying medium particles are formed of an alloy of copper and zinc. 14. The filter element of claim 10, further comprising a handle structure and a filter medium depending from the handle structure. 15. The filter element of claim 14, wherein the handle structure includes a closure member and a handle member extending from the closure member, the closure member including the coupling member. 16. The filter element of claim 15, wherein the closure member includes a skirt having an annular circumferential surface, the circumferential surface including the coupling member. | 1,600 |
347,034 | 16,805,490 | 1,655 | In an image heating device having a plurality of heating blocks which are controllable independently in a longitudinal direction of a heater, an increase of the size of the heater can be suppressed, and temperatures of a plurality of heating block can be detected. | 1. A heater for use in an image heating device, the heater comprising:
a substrate; a first heating block provided on the substrate and configured to generate heat from electric power supplied thereto; a second heating block provided at a position different from the position of the first heating block in a longitudinal direction of the substrate and configured to separately control the first heating block; a first temperature sensor provided at a position corresponding to the first heating block; a second temperature sensor provided at a position corresponding to the second heating block; a first conductive pattern electrically coupled to the first temperature sensor; a second conductive pattern electrically coupled to the second temperature sensor; and a common conductive pattern electrically coupled to the first and second temperature sensors. | In an image heating device having a plurality of heating blocks which are controllable independently in a longitudinal direction of a heater, an increase of the size of the heater can be suppressed, and temperatures of a plurality of heating block can be detected.1. A heater for use in an image heating device, the heater comprising:
a substrate; a first heating block provided on the substrate and configured to generate heat from electric power supplied thereto; a second heating block provided at a position different from the position of the first heating block in a longitudinal direction of the substrate and configured to separately control the first heating block; a first temperature sensor provided at a position corresponding to the first heating block; a second temperature sensor provided at a position corresponding to the second heating block; a first conductive pattern electrically coupled to the first temperature sensor; a second conductive pattern electrically coupled to the second temperature sensor; and a common conductive pattern electrically coupled to the first and second temperature sensors. | 1,600 |
347,035 | 16,805,467 | 1,655 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to neural network based channel state information (CSI) feedback. In some aspects, a device may obtain a CSI instance for a channel, determine a neural network model including a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder, and train the neural network model based at least in part on encoding the CSI instance into encoded CSI, decoding the encoded CSI into decoded CSI, and computing and minimizing a loss function by comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI. The device may obtain one or more encoder weights and one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a device, comprising:
obtaining a channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel; determining a neural network model including a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; training the neural network model based at least in part on encoding the CSI instance into encoded CSI, decoding the encoded CSI into decoded CSI, and comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI; and obtaining one or more encoder weights and one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a user equipment (UE), the channel is a downlink channel, and the method includes transmitting one or more decoder structures of the neural network model and the one or more decoder weights to a base station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a base station, the channel is an uplink channel, and the method includes transmitting one or more encoder structures of the neural network model and the one or more encoder weights to a user equipment (UE). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI includes computing a distance measure between the CSI instance and the decoded CSI. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein training the neural network model includes training the neural network model based at least in part on a target distance measure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein training the neural network model includes training the neural network model based at least in part on a target size of the encoded CSI. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the CSI instance includes one or more of a rank indicator (RI), one or more beam indices, a pre-coding matrix indicator (PMI), or one or more coefficients indicating an amplitude or phase. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the CSI instance into an intermediate encoded CSI, and encoding the intermediate encoded CSI into the encoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate encoded CSI and at least a portion of previously encoded CSI, and
wherein decoding the encoded CSI into the decoded CSI includes decoding the encoded CSI into an intermediate decoded CSI based at least in part on the encoded CSI and at least a portion of a previous intermediate decoded CSI, and decoding the intermediate decoded CSI into the decoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate decoded CSI. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the CSI instance includes the channel estimate and interference information, and wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the channel estimate into an encoded channel estimate, encoding the interference information into encoded interference information, and jointly encoding the encoded channel estimate and the encoded interference information into the encoded CSI, and
wherein decoding the encoded CSI includes decoding the encoded CSI into an encoded channel estimate and encoded interference information, decoding the encoded channel estimate into a decoded channel estimate, decoding the encoded interference information into decoded interference information, and determining the decoded CSI based at least in part on the decoded channel estimate and the decoded interference information. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the CSI instance into a binary sequence. 11. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) that transmits communications on a channel to a base station, comprising:
encoding a first channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel into first encoded CSI, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and transmitting the first encoded CSI to the base station. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the first CSI instance into an intermediate encoded CSI, and encoding the intermediate encoded CSI into the first encoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate encoded CSI and at least a portion of previously encoded CSI. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising transmitting information to the base station indicating whether the first CSI instance is encoded independently of a previously encoded CSI instance or encoded based at least in part on a previously encoded CSI instance. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the first CSI instance includes the channel estimate and interference information, and wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the channel estimate into an encoded channel estimate, encoding the interference information into encoded interference information, and jointly encoding the encoded channel estimate and the encoded interference information into the first encoded CSI. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the first CSI instance into a binary sequence. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes selecting an encoder based at least in part on one or more of an antenna configuration of the UE, a beam configuration of the UE, or channel conditions. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first CSI instance includes one or more of a rank indicator (RI), one or more beam indices, a pre-coding matrix indicator (PMI), or one or more coefficients indicating an amplitude or phase. 18. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station that receives communications on a channel from a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving first encoded channel state information (CSI) from the UE, the first encoded CSI being a first CSI instance for the channel that is encoded by the UE, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and decoding the first encoded CSI into first decoded CSI based at least in part on one or more decoder weights that correspond to the neural network model. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI into the first decoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI into an intermediate decoded CSI based at least in part on the first encoded CSI and at least a portion of a previous intermediate decoded CSI, and decoding the intermediate decoded CSI into the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate decoded CSI. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising receiving information from the UE, indicating that the first CSI instance is encoded independently of a previously encoded CSI instance, and wherein decoding the first encoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI independently of previous intermediate decoded CSI. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI into an encoded channel estimate and encoded interference information, decoding the encoded channel estimate into a decoded channel estimate, decoding the encoded interference information into decoded interference information, and determining the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the decoded channel estimate and the decoded interference information. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI instance includes decoding the first encoded CSI from a binary sequence. 23. A user equipment (UE) that transmits communications on a channel to a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
encode a first channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel estimate of the channel into first encoded CSI, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and
transmit the first encoded CSI to the base station. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to encode the first CSI instance based at least in part on the first CSI instance and a previously encoded CSI instance that was previously transmitted to the base station. 25. The UE of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
obtain a second CSI instance for the channel; train a neural network model based at least in part on encoding the second CSI instance into second encoded CSI, decoding the second encoded CSI into second decoded CSI, and comparing the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI; and update the one or more encoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 26. The UE of claim 25, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to train the neural network model based at least in part on one or more of a target size of the second encoded CSI or a target distance measure between the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI. 27. A base station that receives communications on a channel from a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive first encoded channel state information (CSI) from the UE, the first encoded CSI being a first CSI instance for the channel that is encoded by the UE, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and
decode the first encoded CSI into first decoded CSI based at least in part on one or more decoder weights that correspond to the neural network model. 28. The base station of claim 27, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to decode the first encoded CSI into the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the first encoded CSI and previously decoded CSI stored at the base station that corresponds to a previously encoded CSI instance. 29. The base station of claim 27, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to:
obtain a second CSI instance for the channel; train a neural network model based at least in part on encoding the second CSI instance into second encoded CSI, decoding the second encoded CSI into second decoded CSI, and comparing the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI; and update the one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 30. The base station of claim 29, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to train the neural network model based at least in part on one or more of a target size of the second encoded CSI or a target distance measure between the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to neural network based channel state information (CSI) feedback. In some aspects, a device may obtain a CSI instance for a channel, determine a neural network model including a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder, and train the neural network model based at least in part on encoding the CSI instance into encoded CSI, decoding the encoded CSI into decoded CSI, and computing and minimizing a loss function by comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI. The device may obtain one or more encoder weights and one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a device, comprising:
obtaining a channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel; determining a neural network model including a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; training the neural network model based at least in part on encoding the CSI instance into encoded CSI, decoding the encoded CSI into decoded CSI, and comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI; and obtaining one or more encoder weights and one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a user equipment (UE), the channel is a downlink channel, and the method includes transmitting one or more decoder structures of the neural network model and the one or more decoder weights to a base station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a base station, the channel is an uplink channel, and the method includes transmitting one or more encoder structures of the neural network model and the one or more encoder weights to a user equipment (UE). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI includes computing a distance measure between the CSI instance and the decoded CSI. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein training the neural network model includes training the neural network model based at least in part on a target distance measure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein training the neural network model includes training the neural network model based at least in part on a target size of the encoded CSI. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the CSI instance includes one or more of a rank indicator (RI), one or more beam indices, a pre-coding matrix indicator (PMI), or one or more coefficients indicating an amplitude or phase. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the CSI instance into an intermediate encoded CSI, and encoding the intermediate encoded CSI into the encoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate encoded CSI and at least a portion of previously encoded CSI, and
wherein decoding the encoded CSI into the decoded CSI includes decoding the encoded CSI into an intermediate decoded CSI based at least in part on the encoded CSI and at least a portion of a previous intermediate decoded CSI, and decoding the intermediate decoded CSI into the decoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate decoded CSI. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the CSI instance includes the channel estimate and interference information, and wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the channel estimate into an encoded channel estimate, encoding the interference information into encoded interference information, and jointly encoding the encoded channel estimate and the encoded interference information into the encoded CSI, and
wherein decoding the encoded CSI includes decoding the encoded CSI into an encoded channel estimate and encoded interference information, decoding the encoded channel estimate into a decoded channel estimate, decoding the encoded interference information into decoded interference information, and determining the decoded CSI based at least in part on the decoded channel estimate and the decoded interference information. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the CSI instance into a binary sequence. 11. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) that transmits communications on a channel to a base station, comprising:
encoding a first channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel into first encoded CSI, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and transmitting the first encoded CSI to the base station. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the first CSI instance into an intermediate encoded CSI, and encoding the intermediate encoded CSI into the first encoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate encoded CSI and at least a portion of previously encoded CSI. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising transmitting information to the base station indicating whether the first CSI instance is encoded independently of a previously encoded CSI instance or encoded based at least in part on a previously encoded CSI instance. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the first CSI instance includes the channel estimate and interference information, and wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the channel estimate into an encoded channel estimate, encoding the interference information into encoded interference information, and jointly encoding the encoded channel estimate and the encoded interference information into the first encoded CSI. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the first CSI instance into a binary sequence. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes selecting an encoder based at least in part on one or more of an antenna configuration of the UE, a beam configuration of the UE, or channel conditions. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first CSI instance includes one or more of a rank indicator (RI), one or more beam indices, a pre-coding matrix indicator (PMI), or one or more coefficients indicating an amplitude or phase. 18. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station that receives communications on a channel from a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving first encoded channel state information (CSI) from the UE, the first encoded CSI being a first CSI instance for the channel that is encoded by the UE, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and decoding the first encoded CSI into first decoded CSI based at least in part on one or more decoder weights that correspond to the neural network model. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI into the first decoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI into an intermediate decoded CSI based at least in part on the first encoded CSI and at least a portion of a previous intermediate decoded CSI, and decoding the intermediate decoded CSI into the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate decoded CSI. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising receiving information from the UE, indicating that the first CSI instance is encoded independently of a previously encoded CSI instance, and wherein decoding the first encoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI independently of previous intermediate decoded CSI. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI into an encoded channel estimate and encoded interference information, decoding the encoded channel estimate into a decoded channel estimate, decoding the encoded interference information into decoded interference information, and determining the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the decoded channel estimate and the decoded interference information. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI instance includes decoding the first encoded CSI from a binary sequence. 23. A user equipment (UE) that transmits communications on a channel to a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
encode a first channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel estimate of the channel into first encoded CSI, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and
transmit the first encoded CSI to the base station. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to encode the first CSI instance based at least in part on the first CSI instance and a previously encoded CSI instance that was previously transmitted to the base station. 25. The UE of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
obtain a second CSI instance for the channel; train a neural network model based at least in part on encoding the second CSI instance into second encoded CSI, decoding the second encoded CSI into second decoded CSI, and comparing the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI; and update the one or more encoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 26. The UE of claim 25, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to train the neural network model based at least in part on one or more of a target size of the second encoded CSI or a target distance measure between the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI. 27. A base station that receives communications on a channel from a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive first encoded channel state information (CSI) from the UE, the first encoded CSI being a first CSI instance for the channel that is encoded by the UE, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and
decode the first encoded CSI into first decoded CSI based at least in part on one or more decoder weights that correspond to the neural network model. 28. The base station of claim 27, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to decode the first encoded CSI into the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the first encoded CSI and previously decoded CSI stored at the base station that corresponds to a previously encoded CSI instance. 29. The base station of claim 27, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to:
obtain a second CSI instance for the channel; train a neural network model based at least in part on encoding the second CSI instance into second encoded CSI, decoding the second encoded CSI into second decoded CSI, and comparing the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI; and update the one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 30. The base station of claim 29, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to train the neural network model based at least in part on one or more of a target size of the second encoded CSI or a target distance measure between the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI. | 1,600 |
347,036 | 16,805,465 | 1,655 | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to neural network based channel state information (CSI) feedback. In some aspects, a device may obtain a CSI instance for a channel, determine a neural network model including a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder, and train the neural network model based at least in part on encoding the CSI instance into encoded CSI, decoding the encoded CSI into decoded CSI, and computing and minimizing a loss function by comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI. The device may obtain one or more encoder weights and one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. Numerous other aspects are provided. | 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a device, comprising:
obtaining a channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel; determining a neural network model including a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; training the neural network model based at least in part on encoding the CSI instance into encoded CSI, decoding the encoded CSI into decoded CSI, and comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI; and obtaining one or more encoder weights and one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a user equipment (UE), the channel is a downlink channel, and the method includes transmitting one or more decoder structures of the neural network model and the one or more decoder weights to a base station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a base station, the channel is an uplink channel, and the method includes transmitting one or more encoder structures of the neural network model and the one or more encoder weights to a user equipment (UE). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI includes computing a distance measure between the CSI instance and the decoded CSI. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein training the neural network model includes training the neural network model based at least in part on a target distance measure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein training the neural network model includes training the neural network model based at least in part on a target size of the encoded CSI. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the CSI instance includes one or more of a rank indicator (RI), one or more beam indices, a pre-coding matrix indicator (PMI), or one or more coefficients indicating an amplitude or phase. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the CSI instance into an intermediate encoded CSI, and encoding the intermediate encoded CSI into the encoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate encoded CSI and at least a portion of previously encoded CSI, and
wherein decoding the encoded CSI into the decoded CSI includes decoding the encoded CSI into an intermediate decoded CSI based at least in part on the encoded CSI and at least a portion of a previous intermediate decoded CSI, and decoding the intermediate decoded CSI into the decoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate decoded CSI. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the CSI instance includes the channel estimate and interference information, and wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the channel estimate into an encoded channel estimate, encoding the interference information into encoded interference information, and jointly encoding the encoded channel estimate and the encoded interference information into the encoded CSI, and
wherein decoding the encoded CSI includes decoding the encoded CSI into an encoded channel estimate and encoded interference information, decoding the encoded channel estimate into a decoded channel estimate, decoding the encoded interference information into decoded interference information, and determining the decoded CSI based at least in part on the decoded channel estimate and the decoded interference information. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the CSI instance into a binary sequence. 11. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) that transmits communications on a channel to a base station, comprising:
encoding a first channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel into first encoded CSI, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and transmitting the first encoded CSI to the base station. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the first CSI instance into an intermediate encoded CSI, and encoding the intermediate encoded CSI into the first encoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate encoded CSI and at least a portion of previously encoded CSI. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising transmitting information to the base station indicating whether the first CSI instance is encoded independently of a previously encoded CSI instance or encoded based at least in part on a previously encoded CSI instance. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the first CSI instance includes the channel estimate and interference information, and wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the channel estimate into an encoded channel estimate, encoding the interference information into encoded interference information, and jointly encoding the encoded channel estimate and the encoded interference information into the first encoded CSI. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the first CSI instance into a binary sequence. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes selecting an encoder based at least in part on one or more of an antenna configuration of the UE, a beam configuration of the UE, or channel conditions. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first CSI instance includes one or more of a rank indicator (RI), one or more beam indices, a pre-coding matrix indicator (PMI), or one or more coefficients indicating an amplitude or phase. 18. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station that receives communications on a channel from a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving first encoded channel state information (CSI) from the UE, the first encoded CSI being a first CSI instance for the channel that is encoded by the UE, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and decoding the first encoded CSI into first decoded CSI based at least in part on one or more decoder weights that correspond to the neural network model. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI into the first decoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI into an intermediate decoded CSI based at least in part on the first encoded CSI and at least a portion of a previous intermediate decoded CSI, and decoding the intermediate decoded CSI into the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate decoded CSI. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising receiving information from the UE, indicating that the first CSI instance is encoded independently of a previously encoded CSI instance, and wherein decoding the first encoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI independently of previous intermediate decoded CSI. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI into an encoded channel estimate and encoded interference information, decoding the encoded channel estimate into a decoded channel estimate, decoding the encoded interference information into decoded interference information, and determining the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the decoded channel estimate and the decoded interference information. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI instance includes decoding the first encoded CSI from a binary sequence. 23. A user equipment (UE) that transmits communications on a channel to a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
encode a first channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel estimate of the channel into first encoded CSI, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and
transmit the first encoded CSI to the base station. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to encode the first CSI instance based at least in part on the first CSI instance and a previously encoded CSI instance that was previously transmitted to the base station. 25. The UE of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
obtain a second CSI instance for the channel; train a neural network model based at least in part on encoding the second CSI instance into second encoded CSI, decoding the second encoded CSI into second decoded CSI, and comparing the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI; and update the one or more encoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 26. The UE of claim 25, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to train the neural network model based at least in part on one or more of a target size of the second encoded CSI or a target distance measure between the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI. 27. A base station that receives communications on a channel from a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive first encoded channel state information (CSI) from the UE, the first encoded CSI being a first CSI instance for the channel that is encoded by the UE, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and
decode the first encoded CSI into first decoded CSI based at least in part on one or more decoder weights that correspond to the neural network model. 28. The base station of claim 27, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to decode the first encoded CSI into the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the first encoded CSI and previously decoded CSI stored at the base station that corresponds to a previously encoded CSI instance. 29. The base station of claim 27, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to:
obtain a second CSI instance for the channel; train a neural network model based at least in part on encoding the second CSI instance into second encoded CSI, decoding the second encoded CSI into second decoded CSI, and comparing the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI; and update the one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 30. The base station of claim 29, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to train the neural network model based at least in part on one or more of a target size of the second encoded CSI or a target distance measure between the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI. | Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to neural network based channel state information (CSI) feedback. In some aspects, a device may obtain a CSI instance for a channel, determine a neural network model including a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder, and train the neural network model based at least in part on encoding the CSI instance into encoded CSI, decoding the encoded CSI into decoded CSI, and computing and minimizing a loss function by comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI. The device may obtain one or more encoder weights and one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. Numerous other aspects are provided.1. A method of wireless communication performed by a device, comprising:
obtaining a channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel; determining a neural network model including a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; training the neural network model based at least in part on encoding the CSI instance into encoded CSI, decoding the encoded CSI into decoded CSI, and comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI; and obtaining one or more encoder weights and one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a user equipment (UE), the channel is a downlink channel, and the method includes transmitting one or more decoder structures of the neural network model and the one or more decoder weights to a base station. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a base station, the channel is an uplink channel, and the method includes transmitting one or more encoder structures of the neural network model and the one or more encoder weights to a user equipment (UE). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the CSI instance and the decoded CSI includes computing a distance measure between the CSI instance and the decoded CSI. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein training the neural network model includes training the neural network model based at least in part on a target distance measure. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein training the neural network model includes training the neural network model based at least in part on a target size of the encoded CSI. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the CSI instance includes one or more of a rank indicator (RI), one or more beam indices, a pre-coding matrix indicator (PMI), or one or more coefficients indicating an amplitude or phase. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the CSI instance into an intermediate encoded CSI, and encoding the intermediate encoded CSI into the encoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate encoded CSI and at least a portion of previously encoded CSI, and
wherein decoding the encoded CSI into the decoded CSI includes decoding the encoded CSI into an intermediate decoded CSI based at least in part on the encoded CSI and at least a portion of a previous intermediate decoded CSI, and decoding the intermediate decoded CSI into the decoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate decoded CSI. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the CSI instance includes the channel estimate and interference information, and wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the channel estimate into an encoded channel estimate, encoding the interference information into encoded interference information, and jointly encoding the encoded channel estimate and the encoded interference information into the encoded CSI, and
wherein decoding the encoded CSI includes decoding the encoded CSI into an encoded channel estimate and encoded interference information, decoding the encoded channel estimate into a decoded channel estimate, decoding the encoded interference information into decoded interference information, and determining the decoded CSI based at least in part on the decoded channel estimate and the decoded interference information. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the CSI instance includes encoding the CSI instance into a binary sequence. 11. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) that transmits communications on a channel to a base station, comprising:
encoding a first channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel into first encoded CSI, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and transmitting the first encoded CSI to the base station. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the first CSI instance into an intermediate encoded CSI, and encoding the intermediate encoded CSI into the first encoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate encoded CSI and at least a portion of previously encoded CSI. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising transmitting information to the base station indicating whether the first CSI instance is encoded independently of a previously encoded CSI instance or encoded based at least in part on a previously encoded CSI instance. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the first CSI instance includes the channel estimate and interference information, and wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the channel estimate into an encoded channel estimate, encoding the interference information into encoded interference information, and jointly encoding the encoded channel estimate and the encoded interference information into the first encoded CSI. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes encoding the first CSI instance into a binary sequence. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein encoding the first CSI instance includes selecting an encoder based at least in part on one or more of an antenna configuration of the UE, a beam configuration of the UE, or channel conditions. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first CSI instance includes one or more of a rank indicator (RI), one or more beam indices, a pre-coding matrix indicator (PMI), or one or more coefficients indicating an amplitude or phase. 18. A method of wireless communication performed by a base station that receives communications on a channel from a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving first encoded channel state information (CSI) from the UE, the first encoded CSI being a first CSI instance for the channel that is encoded by the UE, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and decoding the first encoded CSI into first decoded CSI based at least in part on one or more decoder weights that correspond to the neural network model. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI into the first decoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI into an intermediate decoded CSI based at least in part on the first encoded CSI and at least a portion of a previous intermediate decoded CSI, and decoding the intermediate decoded CSI into the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the intermediate decoded CSI. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising receiving information from the UE, indicating that the first CSI instance is encoded independently of a previously encoded CSI instance, and wherein decoding the first encoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI independently of previous intermediate decoded CSI. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI includes decoding the first encoded CSI into an encoded channel estimate and encoded interference information, decoding the encoded channel estimate into a decoded channel estimate, decoding the encoded interference information into decoded interference information, and determining the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the decoded channel estimate and the decoded interference information. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein decoding the first encoded CSI instance includes decoding the first encoded CSI from a binary sequence. 23. A user equipment (UE) that transmits communications on a channel to a base station for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
encode a first channel state information (CSI) instance for a channel estimate of the channel into first encoded CSI, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and
transmit the first encoded CSI to the base station. 24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to encode the first CSI instance based at least in part on the first CSI instance and a previously encoded CSI instance that was previously transmitted to the base station. 25. The UE of claim 23, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
obtain a second CSI instance for the channel; train a neural network model based at least in part on encoding the second CSI instance into second encoded CSI, decoding the second encoded CSI into second decoded CSI, and comparing the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI; and update the one or more encoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 26. The UE of claim 25, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to train the neural network model based at least in part on one or more of a target size of the second encoded CSI or a target distance measure between the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI. 27. A base station that receives communications on a channel from a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory, the memory and the one or more processors configured to:
receive first encoded channel state information (CSI) from the UE, the first encoded CSI being a first CSI instance for the channel that is encoded by the UE, based at least in part on one or more encoder weights that correspond to a neural network model associated with a CSI encoder and a CSI decoder; and
decode the first encoded CSI into first decoded CSI based at least in part on one or more decoder weights that correspond to the neural network model. 28. The base station of claim 27, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to decode the first encoded CSI into the first decoded CSI based at least in part on the first encoded CSI and previously decoded CSI stored at the base station that corresponds to a previously encoded CSI instance. 29. The base station of claim 27, wherein the memory and the one or more processors are configured to:
obtain a second CSI instance for the channel; train a neural network model based at least in part on encoding the second CSI instance into second encoded CSI, decoding the second encoded CSI into second decoded CSI, and comparing the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI; and update the one or more decoder weights based at least in part on training the neural network model. 30. The base station of claim 29, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to train the neural network model based at least in part on one or more of a target size of the second encoded CSI or a target distance measure between the second CSI instance and the second decoded CSI. | 1,600 |
347,037 | 16,805,470 | 1,655 | A computer-implemented method according to one embodiment includes receiving a plurality of linguistic expressions (LEs); changing one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing a visual exploration framework (VEF) that visually presents to a user each of the plurality of linguistic expressions; and including the updated plurality of linguistic expressions in a model used to classify input sentences. According to another embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes receiving (i) a set of linguistic expressions (LEs) and (ii) a set of labeled data as input, where the LEs are logical combinations of predicates learned from the labeled data, and each data point in the labeled data comprises a piece of text and ground-truth labels; presenting the LEs in a visual exploration framework; and allowing a user to sort, filter, subset, and select LEs based on different criteria, utilizing the framework. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving a plurality of linguistic expressions (LEs); changing one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing a visual exploration framework (VEF) that visually presents to a user each of the plurality of linguistic expressions; and including the updated plurality of linguistic expressions in a model used to classify input sentences. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
training a deep neural network (DNN), utilizing a plurality of sentences and associated labels; and creating the plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing the trained DNN. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein for each of the plurality of linguistic expressions, (i) conditions of the linguistic expression and (ii) a label assigned by the linguistic expression when the conditions of the linguistic expression are met are visually presented to the user via the visual exploration framework. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein upon selection by the user of one of the linguistic expressions presented within the visual exploration framework, one or more exemplary sentences are visually presented to the user via the visual exploration framework. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein changing one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions includes altering, via the visual exploration framework, a wording of a condition of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated condition. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising removing one or more of the plurality of linguistic expressions via the visual exploration framework. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising calculating and displaying a change in performance statistics of the updated plurality of linguistic expressions via the visual exploration framework. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each linguistic expression within the updated plurality of linguistic expressions is codified into a format executable by a predetermined process. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising:
receiving, by the model, an input sentence; determining, by the model, that the input sentence meets all conditions of a predetermined linguistic expression; and assigning, by the model to the input sentence, a label associated with the predetermined linguistic expression. 10. A computer program product for adjusting explainable rules using a visual exploration framework (VEF), the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
receiving, utilizing the processor, a plurality of linguistic expressions (LEs); changing, utilizing the processor, one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing a visual exploration framework (VEF) that visually presents to a user each of the plurality of linguistic expressions; and including, utilizing the processor, the updated plurality of linguistic expressions in a model used to classify input sentences. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, comprising:
training, by the processor, a deep neural network (DNN), utilizing a plurality of sentences and associated labels; and creating, by the processor, the plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing the trained DNN. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein for each of the plurality of linguistic expressions, (i) conditions of the linguistic expression and (ii) a label assigned by the linguistic expression when the conditions of the linguistic expression are met are visually presented to the user via the visual exploration framework. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein upon selection by the user of one of the linguistic expressions presented within the visual exploration framework, one or more exemplary sentences are visually presented to the user via the visual exploration framework. 14. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein changing one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions includes altering, via the visual exploration framework, a wording of a condition of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated condition. 15. The computer program product of claim 10, comprising removing, utilizing the processor, one or more of the plurality of linguistic expressions via the visual exploration framework. 16. The computer program product of claim 10, comprising calculating and displaying a change in performance statistics of the updated plurality of linguistic expressions via the visual exploration framework, utilizing the processor. 17. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein each linguistic expression within the updated plurality of linguistic expressions is codified into a format executable by a predetermined process. 18. The computer program product of claim 10, comprising:
receiving, by the model utilizing the processor, an input sentence; determining, by the model utilizing the processor, that the input sentence meets all conditions of a predetermined linguistic expression; and assigning, by the model to the input sentence utilizing the processor, a label associated with the predetermined linguistic expression. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and logic integrated with the processor, executable by the processor, or integrated with and executable by the processor, the logic being configured to: receive a plurality of linguistic expressions (LEs); change one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing a visual exploration framework (VEF) that visually presents to a user each of the plurality of linguistic expressions; and include the updated plurality of linguistic expressions in a model used to classify input sentences. 20. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving (i) a set of linguistic expressions (LEs) and (ii) a set of labeled data as input, where:
the LEs are logical combinations of predicates learned from the labeled data, and
each data point in the labeled data comprises a piece of text and ground-truth labels;
presenting the LEs in a visual exploration framework; and allowing a user to sort, filter, subset, and select LEs based on different criteria, utilizing the visual exploration framework. 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 20, wherein the visual exploration framework allows the user to examine individual LEs, wherein for each individual LE, the visual exploration framework enables the user to:
inspect how the LE performs on an individual data point, and manipulate the LE to create a new LE, and evaluate the performance of the new LE. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 20, wherein the visual exploration framework allows the user to select a subset of LEs to form a model to perform a classification task. | A computer-implemented method according to one embodiment includes receiving a plurality of linguistic expressions (LEs); changing one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing a visual exploration framework (VEF) that visually presents to a user each of the plurality of linguistic expressions; and including the updated plurality of linguistic expressions in a model used to classify input sentences. According to another embodiment, a computer-implemented method includes receiving (i) a set of linguistic expressions (LEs) and (ii) a set of labeled data as input, where the LEs are logical combinations of predicates learned from the labeled data, and each data point in the labeled data comprises a piece of text and ground-truth labels; presenting the LEs in a visual exploration framework; and allowing a user to sort, filter, subset, and select LEs based on different criteria, utilizing the framework.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving a plurality of linguistic expressions (LEs); changing one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing a visual exploration framework (VEF) that visually presents to a user each of the plurality of linguistic expressions; and including the updated plurality of linguistic expressions in a model used to classify input sentences. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
training a deep neural network (DNN), utilizing a plurality of sentences and associated labels; and creating the plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing the trained DNN. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein for each of the plurality of linguistic expressions, (i) conditions of the linguistic expression and (ii) a label assigned by the linguistic expression when the conditions of the linguistic expression are met are visually presented to the user via the visual exploration framework. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein upon selection by the user of one of the linguistic expressions presented within the visual exploration framework, one or more exemplary sentences are visually presented to the user via the visual exploration framework. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein changing one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions includes altering, via the visual exploration framework, a wording of a condition of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated condition. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising removing one or more of the plurality of linguistic expressions via the visual exploration framework. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising calculating and displaying a change in performance statistics of the updated plurality of linguistic expressions via the visual exploration framework. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each linguistic expression within the updated plurality of linguistic expressions is codified into a format executable by a predetermined process. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, comprising:
receiving, by the model, an input sentence; determining, by the model, that the input sentence meets all conditions of a predetermined linguistic expression; and assigning, by the model to the input sentence, a label associated with the predetermined linguistic expression. 10. A computer program product for adjusting explainable rules using a visual exploration framework (VEF), the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
receiving, utilizing the processor, a plurality of linguistic expressions (LEs); changing, utilizing the processor, one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing a visual exploration framework (VEF) that visually presents to a user each of the plurality of linguistic expressions; and including, utilizing the processor, the updated plurality of linguistic expressions in a model used to classify input sentences. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, comprising:
training, by the processor, a deep neural network (DNN), utilizing a plurality of sentences and associated labels; and creating, by the processor, the plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing the trained DNN. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein for each of the plurality of linguistic expressions, (i) conditions of the linguistic expression and (ii) a label assigned by the linguistic expression when the conditions of the linguistic expression are met are visually presented to the user via the visual exploration framework. 13. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein upon selection by the user of one of the linguistic expressions presented within the visual exploration framework, one or more exemplary sentences are visually presented to the user via the visual exploration framework. 14. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein changing one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions includes altering, via the visual exploration framework, a wording of a condition of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated condition. 15. The computer program product of claim 10, comprising removing, utilizing the processor, one or more of the plurality of linguistic expressions via the visual exploration framework. 16. The computer program product of claim 10, comprising calculating and displaying a change in performance statistics of the updated plurality of linguistic expressions via the visual exploration framework, utilizing the processor. 17. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein each linguistic expression within the updated plurality of linguistic expressions is codified into a format executable by a predetermined process. 18. The computer program product of claim 10, comprising:
receiving, by the model utilizing the processor, an input sentence; determining, by the model utilizing the processor, that the input sentence meets all conditions of a predetermined linguistic expression; and assigning, by the model to the input sentence utilizing the processor, a label associated with the predetermined linguistic expression. 19. A system, comprising:
a processor; and logic integrated with the processor, executable by the processor, or integrated with and executable by the processor, the logic being configured to: receive a plurality of linguistic expressions (LEs); change one or more conditions of the plurality of linguistic expressions to create an updated plurality of linguistic expressions, utilizing a visual exploration framework (VEF) that visually presents to a user each of the plurality of linguistic expressions; and include the updated plurality of linguistic expressions in a model used to classify input sentences. 20. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving (i) a set of linguistic expressions (LEs) and (ii) a set of labeled data as input, where:
the LEs are logical combinations of predicates learned from the labeled data, and
each data point in the labeled data comprises a piece of text and ground-truth labels;
presenting the LEs in a visual exploration framework; and allowing a user to sort, filter, subset, and select LEs based on different criteria, utilizing the visual exploration framework. 21. The computer-implemented method of claim 20, wherein the visual exploration framework allows the user to examine individual LEs, wherein for each individual LE, the visual exploration framework enables the user to:
inspect how the LE performs on an individual data point, and manipulate the LE to create a new LE, and evaluate the performance of the new LE. 22. The computer-implemented method of claim 20, wherein the visual exploration framework allows the user to select a subset of LEs to form a model to perform a classification task. | 1,600 |
347,038 | 16,805,479 | 1,655 | A system obtains multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung by determining, based on a volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient and gating an x-ray imaging apparatus to produce an x-ray projection of the patient's lung when the breathing phase matched any of a plurality of different breathing phases. The system extracts multiple displacement fields of lung tissue from the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing. Each displacement field represents movement of the lung tissue from a first breathing phase to a second breathing phase and each breathing phase has a corresponding set of biometric parameters. The system calculates one or more biophysical parameters of a biophysical model of the lung using the multiple displacement fields of the lung tissue between different breathing phases of the lung and the corresponding sets of biometric parameters. | 1. A method, comprising:
positioning the patient at a first orientation relative to an x-ray imaging apparatus; obtaining a volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing; obtaining multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung; and extracting multiple displacement fields of lung tissue from the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung, wherein each displacement field represents movement of the lung tissue from a first breathing phase to a second breathing phase and each breathing phase has a corresponding set of biometric parameters. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to the different breathing phases of the lung includes, while the patient is positioned at the first orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus, and while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing:
determining, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient; and in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches a respective breathing phase of a plurality of predefined breathing phases, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce an x-ray projection of the patient's lung. 3. The method of claim 1, including calculating one or more biophysical parameters of a biophysical model of the lung using the multiple displacement fields of the lung tissue between different breathing phases of the lung and the corresponding sets of biometric parameters. 4. The method of claim 1, including:
while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, and while the patient is positioned at the first orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus, in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches any of the plurality of predefined breathing phases, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce a respective x-ray projection of the patient's lung. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein x-ray projections of the patient's lung are not obtained except when the breathing phase of the patient, as determined by the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, matches one of the plurality of predefined breathing phases. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of predefined breathing phases includes an early exhalation phase and a late exhalation phase. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein
the multiple x-ray measurements are first multiple x-rays measurements, and the method further includes:
repositioning the patient to a second orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus;
obtaining second multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to the different breathing phases of the lung, including, while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing while the patient is positioned at the second orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus:
continuing to determine, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient; and
in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches the respective breathing phase, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce a second x-ray projection of the patient's lung; and
generating a static image cube, corresponding to the respective breathing phase, using the first multiple x-ray measurements and the second multiple x-ray measurements. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the static image cube, corresponding to the respective breathing phase, is generated using less than ten x-ray projections obtained from various angles at the respective breathing phase. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing includes a measurement of the patient's chest rise. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing is obtained using one or more volumetric breathing phase sensors of the group consisting of: a three-dimensional (3D) scanner, a spirometer, and an abdominal belt. 11. The method of claim 1, further including creating a point cloud of a surface of the patient's chest, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing is determined from the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest is obtained using a 3D imaging technique to measure one or more positions of the patient's chest. 13. The method of claim 12, further including:
identifying one or more anatomical landmarks on the surface of the patient's chest using the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest; and inferring a location of one or more internal anatomical landmarks within the patient's chest from the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the breathing phase of the patient is a future breathing phase; and determining, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient includes forecasting the future breathing phase from one or more current and/or past breathing phases. 15. A system, comprising:
an x-ray apparatus; one or more processors; and memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a set of operations, including:
positioning the patient at a first orientation relative to an x-ray imaging apparatus;
obtaining a volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing;
obtaining multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung; and
extracting multiple displacement fields of lung tissue from the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung, wherein each displacement field represents movement of the lung tissue from a first breathing phase to a second breathing phase and each breathing phase has a corresponding set of biometric parameters. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein obtaining the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to the different breathing phases of the lung includes, while the patient is positioned at the first orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus, and while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing:
determining, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient; and in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches a respective breathing phase of a plurality of predefined breathing phases, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce an x-ray projection of the patient's lung. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the set of operations further includes calculating one or more biophysical parameters of a biophysical model of the lung using the multiple displacement fields of the lung tissue between different breathing phases of the lung and the corresponding sets of biometric parameters. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the set of operations further includes:
while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, and while the patient is positioned at the first orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus, in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches any of the plurality of predefined breathing phases, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce a respective x-ray projection of the patient's lung. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein x-ray projections of the patient's lung are not obtained except when the breathing phase of the patient, as determined by the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, matches one of the plurality of predefined breathing phases. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of predefined breathing phases includes an early exhalation phase and a late exhalation phase. 21. The system of claim 15, wherein:
the multiple x-ray measurements are first multiple x-rays measurements, and the set of operations further includes further includes:
repositioning the patient to a second orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus;
obtaining second multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to the different breathing phases of the lung, including, while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing while the patient is positioned at the second orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus:
continuing to determine, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient; and
in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches the respective breathing phase, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce a second x-ray projection of the patient's lung; and
generating a static image cube, corresponding to the respective breathing phase, using the first multiple x-ray measurements and the second multiple x-ray measurements. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the static image cube, corresponding to the respective breathing phase, is generated using less than ten x-ray projections obtained from various angles at the respective breathing phase. 23. The system of claim 15, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing includes a measurement of the patient's chest rise. 24. The system of claim 15, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing is obtained using one or more volumetric breathing phase sensors of the group consisting of: a three-dimensional (3D) scanner, a spirometer, and an abdominal belt. 25. The system of claim 15, wherein the set of operation further includes creating a point cloud of a surface of the patient's chest, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing is determined from the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest is obtained using a 3D imaging technique to measure one or more positions of the patient's chest. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the set of operation further includes:
identifying one or more anatomical landmarks on the surface of the patient's chest using the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest; and inferring a location of one or more internal anatomical landmarks within the patient's chest from the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest. 28. The system of claim 15, wherein:
the breathing phase of the patient is a future breathing phase; and determining, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient includes forecasting the future breathing phase from one or more current and/or past breathing phases. 29. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which, when executed by a system that includes an x-ray apparatus and one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a set of operations, including:
positioning the patient at a first orientation relative to an x-ray imaging apparatus; obtaining a volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing; obtaining multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung; and extracting multiple displacement fields of lung tissue from the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung, wherein each displacement field represents movement of the lung tissue from a first breathing phase to a second breathing phase and each breathing phase has a corresponding set of biometric parameters. | A system obtains multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung by determining, based on a volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient and gating an x-ray imaging apparatus to produce an x-ray projection of the patient's lung when the breathing phase matched any of a plurality of different breathing phases. The system extracts multiple displacement fields of lung tissue from the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing. Each displacement field represents movement of the lung tissue from a first breathing phase to a second breathing phase and each breathing phase has a corresponding set of biometric parameters. The system calculates one or more biophysical parameters of a biophysical model of the lung using the multiple displacement fields of the lung tissue between different breathing phases of the lung and the corresponding sets of biometric parameters.1. A method, comprising:
positioning the patient at a first orientation relative to an x-ray imaging apparatus; obtaining a volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing; obtaining multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung; and extracting multiple displacement fields of lung tissue from the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung, wherein each displacement field represents movement of the lung tissue from a first breathing phase to a second breathing phase and each breathing phase has a corresponding set of biometric parameters. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to the different breathing phases of the lung includes, while the patient is positioned at the first orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus, and while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing:
determining, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient; and in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches a respective breathing phase of a plurality of predefined breathing phases, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce an x-ray projection of the patient's lung. 3. The method of claim 1, including calculating one or more biophysical parameters of a biophysical model of the lung using the multiple displacement fields of the lung tissue between different breathing phases of the lung and the corresponding sets of biometric parameters. 4. The method of claim 1, including:
while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, and while the patient is positioned at the first orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus, in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches any of the plurality of predefined breathing phases, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce a respective x-ray projection of the patient's lung. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein x-ray projections of the patient's lung are not obtained except when the breathing phase of the patient, as determined by the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, matches one of the plurality of predefined breathing phases. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of predefined breathing phases includes an early exhalation phase and a late exhalation phase. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein
the multiple x-ray measurements are first multiple x-rays measurements, and the method further includes:
repositioning the patient to a second orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus;
obtaining second multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to the different breathing phases of the lung, including, while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing while the patient is positioned at the second orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus:
continuing to determine, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient; and
in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches the respective breathing phase, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce a second x-ray projection of the patient's lung; and
generating a static image cube, corresponding to the respective breathing phase, using the first multiple x-ray measurements and the second multiple x-ray measurements. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the static image cube, corresponding to the respective breathing phase, is generated using less than ten x-ray projections obtained from various angles at the respective breathing phase. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing includes a measurement of the patient's chest rise. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing is obtained using one or more volumetric breathing phase sensors of the group consisting of: a three-dimensional (3D) scanner, a spirometer, and an abdominal belt. 11. The method of claim 1, further including creating a point cloud of a surface of the patient's chest, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing is determined from the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest is obtained using a 3D imaging technique to measure one or more positions of the patient's chest. 13. The method of claim 12, further including:
identifying one or more anatomical landmarks on the surface of the patient's chest using the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest; and inferring a location of one or more internal anatomical landmarks within the patient's chest from the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the breathing phase of the patient is a future breathing phase; and determining, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient includes forecasting the future breathing phase from one or more current and/or past breathing phases. 15. A system, comprising:
an x-ray apparatus; one or more processors; and memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a set of operations, including:
positioning the patient at a first orientation relative to an x-ray imaging apparatus;
obtaining a volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing;
obtaining multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung; and
extracting multiple displacement fields of lung tissue from the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung, wherein each displacement field represents movement of the lung tissue from a first breathing phase to a second breathing phase and each breathing phase has a corresponding set of biometric parameters. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein obtaining the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to the different breathing phases of the lung includes, while the patient is positioned at the first orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus, and while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing:
determining, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient; and in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches a respective breathing phase of a plurality of predefined breathing phases, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce an x-ray projection of the patient's lung. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the set of operations further includes calculating one or more biophysical parameters of a biophysical model of the lung using the multiple displacement fields of the lung tissue between different breathing phases of the lung and the corresponding sets of biometric parameters. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the set of operations further includes:
while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, and while the patient is positioned at the first orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus, in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches any of the plurality of predefined breathing phases, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce a respective x-ray projection of the patient's lung. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein x-ray projections of the patient's lung are not obtained except when the breathing phase of the patient, as determined by the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, matches one of the plurality of predefined breathing phases. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the plurality of predefined breathing phases includes an early exhalation phase and a late exhalation phase. 21. The system of claim 15, wherein:
the multiple x-ray measurements are first multiple x-rays measurements, and the set of operations further includes further includes:
repositioning the patient to a second orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus;
obtaining second multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to the different breathing phases of the lung, including, while obtaining the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing while the patient is positioned at the second orientation relative to the x-ray imaging apparatus:
continuing to determine, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient; and
in accordance with a determination that the breathing phase of the patient matches the respective breathing phase, gating the x-ray imaging apparatus to produce a second x-ray projection of the patient's lung; and
generating a static image cube, corresponding to the respective breathing phase, using the first multiple x-ray measurements and the second multiple x-ray measurements. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the static image cube, corresponding to the respective breathing phase, is generated using less than ten x-ray projections obtained from various angles at the respective breathing phase. 23. The system of claim 15, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing includes a measurement of the patient's chest rise. 24. The system of claim 15, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing is obtained using one or more volumetric breathing phase sensors of the group consisting of: a three-dimensional (3D) scanner, a spirometer, and an abdominal belt. 25. The system of claim 15, wherein the set of operation further includes creating a point cloud of a surface of the patient's chest, wherein the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing is determined from the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest is obtained using a 3D imaging technique to measure one or more positions of the patient's chest. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the set of operation further includes:
identifying one or more anatomical landmarks on the surface of the patient's chest using the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest; and inferring a location of one or more internal anatomical landmarks within the patient's chest from the point cloud of the surface of the patient's chest. 28. The system of claim 15, wherein:
the breathing phase of the patient is a future breathing phase; and determining, based on the volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing, a breathing phase of the patient includes forecasting the future breathing phase from one or more current and/or past breathing phases. 29. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which, when executed by a system that includes an x-ray apparatus and one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a set of operations, including:
positioning the patient at a first orientation relative to an x-ray imaging apparatus; obtaining a volumetric measurement of the patient's breathing; obtaining multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung; and extracting multiple displacement fields of lung tissue from the multiple x-ray measurements corresponding to different breathing phases of the lung, wherein each displacement field represents movement of the lung tissue from a first breathing phase to a second breathing phase and each breathing phase has a corresponding set of biometric parameters. | 1,600 |
347,039 | 16,805,533 | 2,137 | The present disclosure relates to a method, device and computer program product for managing an address mapping of a storage system. A group of data objects in the storage system are mapped to a group of buckets in the address mapping, the group of buckets being divided into a first group of active shards which are associated with a group of storage devices in the storage system, respectively. In the method, a first write request for writing a first data object to the storage system is received. The address mapping is updated so as to map the first data object to a first bucket in the group of buckets. The storage system is instructed to store the first data object to a first storage device in the group of storage devices, and the first storage device is associated with a first active shard to which the first bucket belongs. The storage system is managed based on the updated address mapping. With the above example implementation, the address mapping in the storage system may be managed with higher efficiency, and further the overall response speed of the storage system may be improved. There is also provided a corresponding device and computer program product. | 1. A method for managing an address mapping of a storage system, a group of data objects in the storage system being mapped to a group of buckets in the address mapping, the group of buckets being divided into a first group of active shards that are associated with a group of storage devices in the storage system, respectively, the method comprising:
receiving a first write request for writing a first data object to the storage system; updating the address mapping so as to map the first data object to a first bucket in the group of buckets, resulting in an updated address mapping; instructing the storage system to store the first data object to a first storage device in the group of storage devices, the first storage device being associated with a first active shard to which the first bucket belongs; and managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises: in response to determining a state of the storage system meeting a predetermined regeneration condition,
identifying the first group of active shards as a first group of inactive shards; and dividing the group of buckets into a second group of active shards. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined regeneration condition comprises a threshold count of data objects associated with a shard, and the method further comprises:
regarding a given active shard in the first group of active shards, determining an object count of data objects associated with the given active shard; and dividing the group of buckets into the second group of active shards in response to determining the object count is higher than the threshold count. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
adjusting a shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards based on an access load of the storage system and a load threshold condition of the storage system. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the load threshold condition comprises a lower threshold, and the adjusting the shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards comprises:
decreasing the shard count in response to determining the access load of the storage system is lower than the lower threshold. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the load threshold condition comprises an upper threshold, and the adjusting the shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards comprises:
increasing the shard count in response to determining the access load of the storage system is higher than the lower threshold. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
determining data distribution of a plurality of data objects in the first group of active shards; and merging successive active shards in the first group of active shards based on the data distribution. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
receiving a second write request for writing a second data object to the storage system; updating the address mapping so as to map the second data object to a second bucket in the group of buckets; and instructing the storage system to store the second data object to a second storage device in the group of storage devices, the second storage device being associated with a second active shard to which the second bucket belongs. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
determining a first generation identifier and a first shard identifier of the first active shard associated with the first data object based on the group of active shards; and adding to the address mapping a first association between the first data object and the first active shard, the first active shard being represented using the first generation identifier and the first shard identifier. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
receiving a read request for reading a target data object from the storage system; determining a target shard associated with the target data object based on associations included in the address mapping; and reading the target data object from the storage system based on the target shard. 11. A device for managing an address mapping of a storage system, a group of data objects in the storage system being mapped to a group of buckets in the address mapping, the group of buckets being divided into a first group of active shards which are associated with a group of storage devices in the storage system, respectively, the device comprising:
at least one processor; a volatile memory; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor and having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform acts comprising:
receiving a first write request for writing a first data object to the storage system;
updating the address mapping so as to map the first data object to a first bucket in the group of buckets, resulting in an updated address mapping;
instructing the storage system to store the first data object to a first storage device in the group of storage devices, the first storage device being associated with a first active shard to which the first bucket belongs; and
managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises: in response to determining a state of the storage system meeting a predetermined regeneration condition,
identifying the first group of active shards as a first group of inactive shards; and dividing the group of buckets into a second group of active shards. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the predetermined regeneration condition comprises a threshold count of data objects associated with a shard, and the acts further comprise:
regarding a given active shard in the first group of active shards, determining an object count of data objects associated with the given active shard; and dividing the group of buckets into a second group of active shards in response to determining the object count is higher than the threshold count. 14. The device of claim 11, the acts further comprising:
adjusting a shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards based on an access load of the storage system and a load threshold condition of the storage system. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the load threshold condition comprises a lower threshold, and the adjusting the shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards comprises:
decreasing the shard count in response to determining the access load of the storage system is lower than the lower threshold. 16. The device of claim 14, wherein the load threshold condition comprises an upper threshold, and the adjusting the shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards comprises:
increasing the shard count in response to determining the access load of the storage system is higher than the lower threshold. 17. The device of claim 11, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
determining a data distribution of a plurality of data objects in the first group of active shards; and merging successive active shards in the first group of active shards based on the data distribution. 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
receiving a second write request for writing a second data object to the storage system; updating the address mapping so as to map the second data object to a second bucket in the group of buckets; and instructing the storage system to store the second data object to a second storage device in the group of storage devices, the second storage device being associated with a second active shard to which the second bucket belongs. 19. The device of claim 11, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
determining a first generation identifier and a first shard identifier of the first active shard associated with the first data object based on the group of active shards; and adding to the address mapping a first association between the first data object and the first active shard, the first active shard being represented using the first generation identifier and the first shard identifier. 20. A computer program product, tangibly stored on a non-transient computer readable medium and comprising machine executable instructions, which are used to perform operations to manage an address mapping of a storage system, wherein a group of data objects in the storage system are mapped to a group of buckets in the address mapping, and wherein the group of buckets are divided into a first group of active shards that are associated with a group of storage devices in the storage system, respectively, the operations comprising:
receiving a first write request for writing a data object to the storage system; updating the address mapping so as to map the data object to a bucket in the group of buckets, resulting in an updated address mapping; instructing the storage system to store the data object to a storage device in the group of storage devices, the storage device being associated with an active shard to which the bucket belongs; and managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping. | The present disclosure relates to a method, device and computer program product for managing an address mapping of a storage system. A group of data objects in the storage system are mapped to a group of buckets in the address mapping, the group of buckets being divided into a first group of active shards which are associated with a group of storage devices in the storage system, respectively. In the method, a first write request for writing a first data object to the storage system is received. The address mapping is updated so as to map the first data object to a first bucket in the group of buckets. The storage system is instructed to store the first data object to a first storage device in the group of storage devices, and the first storage device is associated with a first active shard to which the first bucket belongs. The storage system is managed based on the updated address mapping. With the above example implementation, the address mapping in the storage system may be managed with higher efficiency, and further the overall response speed of the storage system may be improved. There is also provided a corresponding device and computer program product.1. A method for managing an address mapping of a storage system, a group of data objects in the storage system being mapped to a group of buckets in the address mapping, the group of buckets being divided into a first group of active shards that are associated with a group of storage devices in the storage system, respectively, the method comprising:
receiving a first write request for writing a first data object to the storage system; updating the address mapping so as to map the first data object to a first bucket in the group of buckets, resulting in an updated address mapping; instructing the storage system to store the first data object to a first storage device in the group of storage devices, the first storage device being associated with a first active shard to which the first bucket belongs; and managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises: in response to determining a state of the storage system meeting a predetermined regeneration condition,
identifying the first group of active shards as a first group of inactive shards; and dividing the group of buckets into a second group of active shards. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the predetermined regeneration condition comprises a threshold count of data objects associated with a shard, and the method further comprises:
regarding a given active shard in the first group of active shards, determining an object count of data objects associated with the given active shard; and dividing the group of buckets into the second group of active shards in response to determining the object count is higher than the threshold count. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
adjusting a shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards based on an access load of the storage system and a load threshold condition of the storage system. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the load threshold condition comprises a lower threshold, and the adjusting the shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards comprises:
decreasing the shard count in response to determining the access load of the storage system is lower than the lower threshold. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the load threshold condition comprises an upper threshold, and the adjusting the shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards comprises:
increasing the shard count in response to determining the access load of the storage system is higher than the lower threshold. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
determining data distribution of a plurality of data objects in the first group of active shards; and merging successive active shards in the first group of active shards based on the data distribution. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
receiving a second write request for writing a second data object to the storage system; updating the address mapping so as to map the second data object to a second bucket in the group of buckets; and instructing the storage system to store the second data object to a second storage device in the group of storage devices, the second storage device being associated with a second active shard to which the second bucket belongs. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
determining a first generation identifier and a first shard identifier of the first active shard associated with the first data object based on the group of active shards; and adding to the address mapping a first association between the first data object and the first active shard, the first active shard being represented using the first generation identifier and the first shard identifier. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
receiving a read request for reading a target data object from the storage system; determining a target shard associated with the target data object based on associations included in the address mapping; and reading the target data object from the storage system based on the target shard. 11. A device for managing an address mapping of a storage system, a group of data objects in the storage system being mapped to a group of buckets in the address mapping, the group of buckets being divided into a first group of active shards which are associated with a group of storage devices in the storage system, respectively, the device comprising:
at least one processor; a volatile memory; and a memory coupled to the at least one processor and having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform acts comprising:
receiving a first write request for writing a first data object to the storage system;
updating the address mapping so as to map the first data object to a first bucket in the group of buckets, resulting in an updated address mapping;
instructing the storage system to store the first data object to a first storage device in the group of storage devices, the first storage device being associated with a first active shard to which the first bucket belongs; and
managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises: in response to determining a state of the storage system meeting a predetermined regeneration condition,
identifying the first group of active shards as a first group of inactive shards; and dividing the group of buckets into a second group of active shards. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the predetermined regeneration condition comprises a threshold count of data objects associated with a shard, and the acts further comprise:
regarding a given active shard in the first group of active shards, determining an object count of data objects associated with the given active shard; and dividing the group of buckets into a second group of active shards in response to determining the object count is higher than the threshold count. 14. The device of claim 11, the acts further comprising:
adjusting a shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards based on an access load of the storage system and a load threshold condition of the storage system. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the load threshold condition comprises a lower threshold, and the adjusting the shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards comprises:
decreasing the shard count in response to determining the access load of the storage system is lower than the lower threshold. 16. The device of claim 14, wherein the load threshold condition comprises an upper threshold, and the adjusting the shard count of active shards in the first group of active shards comprises:
increasing the shard count in response to determining the access load of the storage system is higher than the lower threshold. 17. The device of claim 11, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
determining a data distribution of a plurality of data objects in the first group of active shards; and merging successive active shards in the first group of active shards based on the data distribution. 18. The device of claim 12, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
receiving a second write request for writing a second data object to the storage system; updating the address mapping so as to map the second data object to a second bucket in the group of buckets; and instructing the storage system to store the second data object to a second storage device in the group of storage devices, the second storage device being associated with a second active shard to which the second bucket belongs. 19. The device of claim 11, wherein the managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping comprises:
determining a first generation identifier and a first shard identifier of the first active shard associated with the first data object based on the group of active shards; and adding to the address mapping a first association between the first data object and the first active shard, the first active shard being represented using the first generation identifier and the first shard identifier. 20. A computer program product, tangibly stored on a non-transient computer readable medium and comprising machine executable instructions, which are used to perform operations to manage an address mapping of a storage system, wherein a group of data objects in the storage system are mapped to a group of buckets in the address mapping, and wherein the group of buckets are divided into a first group of active shards that are associated with a group of storage devices in the storage system, respectively, the operations comprising:
receiving a first write request for writing a data object to the storage system; updating the address mapping so as to map the data object to a bucket in the group of buckets, resulting in an updated address mapping; instructing the storage system to store the data object to a storage device in the group of storage devices, the storage device being associated with an active shard to which the bucket belongs; and managing the storage system based on the updated address mapping. | 2,100 |
347,040 | 16,805,502 | 2,137 | Wireless communications systems and methods related to handling link failures in a first cell and a second cell are provided. A wireless communication device can detect a first link failure associated with a first cell and can detect a second link failure associated with a second cell. Additionally, the wireless communication device can perform a link failure recovery procedure. This may include prioritizing a first link failure recovery for the first cell over a second link failure recovery for the second cell. Other aspects and features are also claimed and described. | 1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
detecting, by a wireless communication device, a first link failure associated with a first cell; detecting, by the wireless communication device, a second link failure associated with a second cell; and performing, by the wireless communication device, a link failure recovery procedure by prioritizing a first link failure recovery for the first cell over a second link failure recovery for the second cell. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first cell is one of a primary cell (PCell) or a secondary cell (SCell), and the second cell is the other one of the PCell or the SCell. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting a second link failure includes detecting the second link failure after detecting the first link failure or wherein the detecting a first link failure includes detecting the first link failure after detecting the second link failure. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising:
performing the first link failure recovery in response to detecting the first link failure. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein performing the first link failure recovery includes starting a first link failure recovery timer for the first cell and sending a first link failure recovery request in a contention-free RACH procedure or a contention-based RACH procedure to a base station (BS) via the first cell. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising:
performing the second link failure recovery in response to detecting the second link failure, wherein performing the second link failure recovery includes starting a second link failure recovery timer for the second cell and sending a second link failure recovery request to the BS via the first cell or the second cell. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein prioritizing the first link failure recovery for the first cell over the second link failure recovery for the second cell includes completing the first link failure recovery before initiating or completing the second link failure recovery. 8. The method of claim 1, comprising:
performing the second link failure recovery by sending a second link failure recovery request associated with the second cell to a BS via the second cell; starting a link failure recovery timer for the second cell in response to detecting the second link failure, wherein the detecting a first link failure includes detecting the first link failure after the starting a link failure recovery timer; and adjusting the link failure recovery timer for the second cell to prioritize the first link failure for the first cell over the second link failure recovery for the second cell. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein adjusting the link failure recovery timer for the second cell includes pausing the link failure recovery timer for the second cell in response to detecting the first link failure associated with the first cell. 10. The method of claim 9, comprising:
performing the first link failure recovery after pausing the link failure recovery timer; and resuming the second link failure recovery after completing the first link failure recovery. 11. The method of claim 10, comprising:
selecting a new candidate beam associated with the second cell, the new candidate beam being selected based on measuring a reference signal; sending an indication of the new candidate beam and the second link failure recovery request for the second cell; and resending the indication of the new candidate beam based on a most recent measurement of the reference signal after the second link failure recovery resumes. 12. The method of claim 1, comprising:
sending a random access channel (RACH) preamble sequence via the first cell, the RACH preamble sequence indicating the first link failure in the first cell and the second link failure in the second cell. 13. The method of claim 1, comprising:
sending, via a third cell, a message in at least one of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling, the message indicating the first link failure in the first cell and the second link failure in the second cell, and the third cell being different from the first and second cells. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the first link failure includes a first beam failure, and the second link failure includes a second beam failure. 15. An apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to:
detect a first link failure associated with a first cell;
detect a second link failure associated with a second cell; and
perform a link failure recovery procedure by prioritizing a first link failure recovery for the first cell over a second link failure recovery for the second cell. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first cell is a primary cell (PCell), and the second cell is a secondary cell (SCell). 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first cell is a SCell, and the second cell is a PCell. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor detects the second link failure after the processor detects the first link failure. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor detects the first link failure after the processor detects the second link failure. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a transceiver configured to send a random access channel (RACH) preamble sequence via the first cell, wherein the RACH preamble sequence indicates the first link failure in the first cell and the second link failure in the second cell. 21. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
receiving, by a wireless communication device, a first link failure recovery request associated with a first link failure recovery for a first cell; receiving, by the wireless communication device, a second link failure recovery request associated with a second link failure recovery for a second cell; and performing, by the wireless communication device, a link failure recovery procedure by prioritizing the first link failure recovery for the first cell over the second link failure recovery for the second cell. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first cell is a primary cell (PCell), and the second cell is a secondary cell (SCell). 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the first cell is a SCell, and the second cell is a PCell. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the receiving a first link failure recovery request includes receiving the first link failure recovery request after receiving the second link failure recovery request. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the receiving a first link failure recovery request includes receiving the first link failure recovery request before receiving the second link failure recovery request. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein receiving the first and second link failure recovery requests includes receiving via the first cell a RACH preamble sequence indicating that the first cell and the second cell have failed or receiving via a third cell a message in at least one of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling, the message indicating that the first cell and the second cell have failed, and the third cell being different from the first and second cells. 27. An apparatus comprising:
a receiver configured to:
receive a first link failure recovery request associated with a first link failure recovery for a first cell and
receive a second link failure recovery request associated with a second link failure recovery for a second cell; and
a processor configured to perform a link failure recovery procedure by prioritizing the first link failure recovery for the first cell over the second link failure recovery for the second cell. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the first cell is one of a primary cell (PCell) or the secondary cell (SCell), and the second cell is the other of the PCell of the secondary cell (SCell). 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the receiver receives the first link failure recovery request after receiving the second link failure recovery request. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the receiver receives the first link failure recovery request before receiving the second link failure recovery request. | Wireless communications systems and methods related to handling link failures in a first cell and a second cell are provided. A wireless communication device can detect a first link failure associated with a first cell and can detect a second link failure associated with a second cell. Additionally, the wireless communication device can perform a link failure recovery procedure. This may include prioritizing a first link failure recovery for the first cell over a second link failure recovery for the second cell. Other aspects and features are also claimed and described.1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
detecting, by a wireless communication device, a first link failure associated with a first cell; detecting, by the wireless communication device, a second link failure associated with a second cell; and performing, by the wireless communication device, a link failure recovery procedure by prioritizing a first link failure recovery for the first cell over a second link failure recovery for the second cell. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first cell is one of a primary cell (PCell) or a secondary cell (SCell), and the second cell is the other one of the PCell or the SCell. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting a second link failure includes detecting the second link failure after detecting the first link failure or wherein the detecting a first link failure includes detecting the first link failure after detecting the second link failure. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising:
performing the first link failure recovery in response to detecting the first link failure. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein performing the first link failure recovery includes starting a first link failure recovery timer for the first cell and sending a first link failure recovery request in a contention-free RACH procedure or a contention-based RACH procedure to a base station (BS) via the first cell. 6. The method of claim 1, comprising:
performing the second link failure recovery in response to detecting the second link failure, wherein performing the second link failure recovery includes starting a second link failure recovery timer for the second cell and sending a second link failure recovery request to the BS via the first cell or the second cell. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein prioritizing the first link failure recovery for the first cell over the second link failure recovery for the second cell includes completing the first link failure recovery before initiating or completing the second link failure recovery. 8. The method of claim 1, comprising:
performing the second link failure recovery by sending a second link failure recovery request associated with the second cell to a BS via the second cell; starting a link failure recovery timer for the second cell in response to detecting the second link failure, wherein the detecting a first link failure includes detecting the first link failure after the starting a link failure recovery timer; and adjusting the link failure recovery timer for the second cell to prioritize the first link failure for the first cell over the second link failure recovery for the second cell. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein adjusting the link failure recovery timer for the second cell includes pausing the link failure recovery timer for the second cell in response to detecting the first link failure associated with the first cell. 10. The method of claim 9, comprising:
performing the first link failure recovery after pausing the link failure recovery timer; and resuming the second link failure recovery after completing the first link failure recovery. 11. The method of claim 10, comprising:
selecting a new candidate beam associated with the second cell, the new candidate beam being selected based on measuring a reference signal; sending an indication of the new candidate beam and the second link failure recovery request for the second cell; and resending the indication of the new candidate beam based on a most recent measurement of the reference signal after the second link failure recovery resumes. 12. The method of claim 1, comprising:
sending a random access channel (RACH) preamble sequence via the first cell, the RACH preamble sequence indicating the first link failure in the first cell and the second link failure in the second cell. 13. The method of claim 1, comprising:
sending, via a third cell, a message in at least one of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling, the message indicating the first link failure in the first cell and the second link failure in the second cell, and the third cell being different from the first and second cells. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the first link failure includes a first beam failure, and the second link failure includes a second beam failure. 15. An apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to:
detect a first link failure associated with a first cell;
detect a second link failure associated with a second cell; and
perform a link failure recovery procedure by prioritizing a first link failure recovery for the first cell over a second link failure recovery for the second cell. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first cell is a primary cell (PCell), and the second cell is a secondary cell (SCell). 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first cell is a SCell, and the second cell is a PCell. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor detects the second link failure after the processor detects the first link failure. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor detects the first link failure after the processor detects the second link failure. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising:
a transceiver configured to send a random access channel (RACH) preamble sequence via the first cell, wherein the RACH preamble sequence indicates the first link failure in the first cell and the second link failure in the second cell. 21. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
receiving, by a wireless communication device, a first link failure recovery request associated with a first link failure recovery for a first cell; receiving, by the wireless communication device, a second link failure recovery request associated with a second link failure recovery for a second cell; and performing, by the wireless communication device, a link failure recovery procedure by prioritizing the first link failure recovery for the first cell over the second link failure recovery for the second cell. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the first cell is a primary cell (PCell), and the second cell is a secondary cell (SCell). 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the first cell is a SCell, and the second cell is a PCell. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the receiving a first link failure recovery request includes receiving the first link failure recovery request after receiving the second link failure recovery request. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the receiving a first link failure recovery request includes receiving the first link failure recovery request before receiving the second link failure recovery request. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein receiving the first and second link failure recovery requests includes receiving via the first cell a RACH preamble sequence indicating that the first cell and the second cell have failed or receiving via a third cell a message in at least one of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a media access control-control element (MAC-CE) signaling, the message indicating that the first cell and the second cell have failed, and the third cell being different from the first and second cells. 27. An apparatus comprising:
a receiver configured to:
receive a first link failure recovery request associated with a first link failure recovery for a first cell and
receive a second link failure recovery request associated with a second link failure recovery for a second cell; and
a processor configured to perform a link failure recovery procedure by prioritizing the first link failure recovery for the first cell over the second link failure recovery for the second cell. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the first cell is one of a primary cell (PCell) or the secondary cell (SCell), and the second cell is the other of the PCell of the secondary cell (SCell). 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the receiver receives the first link failure recovery request after receiving the second link failure recovery request. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the receiver receives the first link failure recovery request before receiving the second link failure recovery request. | 2,100 |
347,041 | 16,805,541 | 2,137 | Apparatus and method for drilling out frac plugs. An example apparatus may include a data system configured to be communicatively connected with wellsite equipment for performing drill-out operations of frac plugs installed within a well. The data system may be operable to receive current drill-out data and historical drill-out data, determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and historical drill-out data, and display the determined optimal operational parameters for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to cause the wellsite equipment to perform the drill-out operations at the optimal operational parameters. The current drill-out data may include current specifications of the frac plugs. The historical drill-out data may include historical specifications of other frac plugs installed within other wells, and historical operational performance of other wellsite equipment during previously performed drill-out operations of the other frac plugs. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a data system configured to be communicatively connected with wellsite equipment for performing drill-out operations of frac plugs installed within a well, wherein the data system comprises a processor and a memory storing computer program code, and wherein the data system is operable to:
receive current drill-out data comprising current specifications of the frac plugs installed within the well;
receive historical drill-out data comprising:
historical specifications of other frac plugs installed within other wells; and
historical operational performance of other wellsite equipment during previously performed drill-out operations of the other frac plugs within the other wells;
determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data; and
display the determined optimal operational parameters on an output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to cause the wellsite equipment to perform the drill-out operations at the optimal operational parameters. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the historical operational performance comprises historical measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the optimal operational parameters comprise operational parameters of the wellsite equipment that minimize:
time for completing the drill-out operations; and/or
cost of the drill-out operations. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations; and
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations comprises at least one of a drill bit, a downhole motor, a power swivel, a drawworks, and a fluid pump; and
the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations comprises at least one of another drill bit, another downhole motor, another power swivel, another drawworks, and another fluid pump. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of the well within which the frac plugs are installed; and
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of the other wells within which the other frac plugs were installed. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein, to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the data system is further operable to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of a drill bit for performing the drill-out operations;
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of other drill bits that performed the previously performed drill-out operations; and
to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the data system is further operable to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs and the drill bit to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs and the drill bit; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations;
the current operational performance comprises current measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit;
the historical operational performance comprises historical measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit; and
to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the data system is further operable to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs;
compare the current operational performance to the historical operational performance; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and most closely match the current operational performance to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
the data system is further operable to record the current drill-out data to a database containing the historical drill-out data, whereby the current drill-out data becomes part of the historical drill-out data usable as a basis by the data system to determine future optimal operational parameters of still other wellsite equipment for performing future drill-out operations. 11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
the data system is further operable to display the current operational performance on the output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to:
visually monitor the current operational performance; and
when the current operational performance is different from the optimal operational parameters, adjust the current operational performance to match the optimal operational parameters. 12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the data system is further operable to:
receive initial operational parameters of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations; and
before the optimal operational parameters are determined and displayed, display the initial operational parameters on the output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to cause the wellsite equipment to perform the drill-out operations at the initial operating parameters. 13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the processor is an onsite processor located at a wellsite comprising the well;
the memory is an onsite memory located at the wellsite;
the onsite processor and the onsite memory collectively form a portion of an onsite computer;
the data system further comprises an offsite computer not located at the wellsite; and
the onsite computer is operable to receive the historical drill-out data from the offsite computer. 14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the data system is further operable to:
display on the output device a plurality of software controls, each displayed in association with an activity code representing a corresponding activity performed by the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations, wherein each software control is selectable by the human operator;
record current operational performance data indicative of current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
upon operation of one of the software controls, record the current operational performance data in association with a time stamp and the activity code displayed in associated with the operated one of the software controls. 15. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the wellsite equipment comprises:
a pump operable to pump a fluid into the wellbore to flush out frac plug cuttings during the drill-out operations; and
a rig operable to connect a plurality of jointed tubulars and a drill bit to assemble a jointed tubular string for drilling out the frac plugs installed within the well during the drill-out operations, wherein the rig is configured to be transported to the wellsite via roadways and assembled at the wellsite, and wherein, when assembled at the wellsite, the rig comprises:
a mast;
a power swivel carried by the mast; and
a drawworks. 16. A computer program product comprising:
a non-transitory, computer-readable medium comprising computer instructions executable by a processor of a data system communicatively connected with wellsite equipment for performing drill-out operations of frac plugs installed within a well, wherein the computer instructions, when executed by the processor of the data system, cause the data system to:
receive current drill-out data comprising current specifications of the frac plugs installed within the well;
receive historical drill-out data comprising:
historical specifications of other frac plugs installed within other wells; and
historical operational performance of other wellsite equipment during previously performed drill-out operations of the other frac plugs within the other wells;
determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data; and
display the determined optimal operational parameters on an output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to cause the wellsite equipment to perform the drill-out operations at the optimal operational parameters. 17. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations; and
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations. 18. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein:
the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations comprises at least one of a drill bit, a downhole motor, a power swivel, a drawworks, and a fluid pump; and
the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations comprises at least one of another drill bit, another downhole motor, another power swivel, another drawworks, and another fluid pump. 19. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein, to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the computer instructions further cause the data system to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 20. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of a drill bit for performing the drill-out operations;
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of other drill bits that performed the previously performed drill-out operations; and
to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the computer instructions further cause the data system to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs and the drill bit to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs and the drill bit; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 21. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations;
the current operational performance comprises current measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit;
the historical operational performance comprises historical measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit; and
to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the computer instructions further cause the data system to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs;
compare the current operational performance to the historical operational performance; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and most closely match one or more of the current operational performance to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 22. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
the computer instructions further cause the data system to display the current operational performance on the output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to:
visually monitor the current operational performance; and
adjust the current operational performance to match the optimal operational parameters. 23. A method comprising:
commencing operation of a data system communicatively connected with wellsite equipment for performing drill-out operations of frac plugs installed within a well, wherein commencing operation of the data system causes the data system to:
receive current drill-out data comprising current specifications of the frac plugs installed within the well;
receive historical drill-out data comprising:
historical specifications of other frac plugs installed within other wells; and
historical operational performance of other wellsite equipment during previously performed drill-out operations of the other frac plugs within the other wells;
determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data; and
display the determined optimal operational parameters on an output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to cause the wellsite equipment to perform the drill-out operations at the optimal operational parameters. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the historical operational performance comprises historical measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit. 25. The method of claim 23 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations; and
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations. 26. The method of claim 23 wherein:
the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations comprises at least one of a drill bit, a downhole motor, a power swivel, a drawworks, and a fluid pump; and
the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations comprises at least one of another drill bit, another downhole motor, another power swivel, another drawworks, and another fluid pump. 27. The method of claim 23 wherein, to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, commencing operation of the data system further causes the data system to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 28. The method of claim 23 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
commencing operation of the data system further causes the data system to record the current drill-out data to a database containing the historical drill-out data, whereby the current drill-out data becomes part of the historical drill-out data usable as a basis by the data system to determine future optimal operational parameters of still other wellsite equipment for performing future drill-out operations. 29. The method of claim 23 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
commencing operation of the data system further causes the data system to display the current operational performance on the output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to:
visually monitor the current operational performance; and
adjust the current operational performance to match the optimal operational parameters. 30. The method of claim 23 wherein commencing operation of the data system further causes the data system to:
display on the output device a plurality of software controls, each displayed in association with an activity code representing a corresponding activity performed by the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations, wherein each software control is selectable by the human operator;
record current operational performance data indicative of current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
upon operation of one of the software controls, record the current operational performance data in association with a time stamp and the activity code displayed in associated with the operated one of the software controls. | Apparatus and method for drilling out frac plugs. An example apparatus may include a data system configured to be communicatively connected with wellsite equipment for performing drill-out operations of frac plugs installed within a well. The data system may be operable to receive current drill-out data and historical drill-out data, determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and historical drill-out data, and display the determined optimal operational parameters for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to cause the wellsite equipment to perform the drill-out operations at the optimal operational parameters. The current drill-out data may include current specifications of the frac plugs. The historical drill-out data may include historical specifications of other frac plugs installed within other wells, and historical operational performance of other wellsite equipment during previously performed drill-out operations of the other frac plugs.1. An apparatus comprising:
a data system configured to be communicatively connected with wellsite equipment for performing drill-out operations of frac plugs installed within a well, wherein the data system comprises a processor and a memory storing computer program code, and wherein the data system is operable to:
receive current drill-out data comprising current specifications of the frac plugs installed within the well;
receive historical drill-out data comprising:
historical specifications of other frac plugs installed within other wells; and
historical operational performance of other wellsite equipment during previously performed drill-out operations of the other frac plugs within the other wells;
determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data; and
display the determined optimal operational parameters on an output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to cause the wellsite equipment to perform the drill-out operations at the optimal operational parameters. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the historical operational performance comprises historical measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the optimal operational parameters comprise operational parameters of the wellsite equipment that minimize:
time for completing the drill-out operations; and/or
cost of the drill-out operations. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations; and
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations. 5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations comprises at least one of a drill bit, a downhole motor, a power swivel, a drawworks, and a fluid pump; and
the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations comprises at least one of another drill bit, another downhole motor, another power swivel, another drawworks, and another fluid pump. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of the well within which the frac plugs are installed; and
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of the other wells within which the other frac plugs were installed. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein, to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the data system is further operable to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of a drill bit for performing the drill-out operations;
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of other drill bits that performed the previously performed drill-out operations; and
to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the data system is further operable to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs and the drill bit to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs and the drill bit; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations;
the current operational performance comprises current measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit;
the historical operational performance comprises historical measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit; and
to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the data system is further operable to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs;
compare the current operational performance to the historical operational performance; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and most closely match the current operational performance to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
the data system is further operable to record the current drill-out data to a database containing the historical drill-out data, whereby the current drill-out data becomes part of the historical drill-out data usable as a basis by the data system to determine future optimal operational parameters of still other wellsite equipment for performing future drill-out operations. 11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
the data system is further operable to display the current operational performance on the output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to:
visually monitor the current operational performance; and
when the current operational performance is different from the optimal operational parameters, adjust the current operational performance to match the optimal operational parameters. 12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the data system is further operable to:
receive initial operational parameters of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations; and
before the optimal operational parameters are determined and displayed, display the initial operational parameters on the output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to cause the wellsite equipment to perform the drill-out operations at the initial operating parameters. 13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
the processor is an onsite processor located at a wellsite comprising the well;
the memory is an onsite memory located at the wellsite;
the onsite processor and the onsite memory collectively form a portion of an onsite computer;
the data system further comprises an offsite computer not located at the wellsite; and
the onsite computer is operable to receive the historical drill-out data from the offsite computer. 14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the data system is further operable to:
display on the output device a plurality of software controls, each displayed in association with an activity code representing a corresponding activity performed by the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations, wherein each software control is selectable by the human operator;
record current operational performance data indicative of current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
upon operation of one of the software controls, record the current operational performance data in association with a time stamp and the activity code displayed in associated with the operated one of the software controls. 15. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the wellsite equipment comprises:
a pump operable to pump a fluid into the wellbore to flush out frac plug cuttings during the drill-out operations; and
a rig operable to connect a plurality of jointed tubulars and a drill bit to assemble a jointed tubular string for drilling out the frac plugs installed within the well during the drill-out operations, wherein the rig is configured to be transported to the wellsite via roadways and assembled at the wellsite, and wherein, when assembled at the wellsite, the rig comprises:
a mast;
a power swivel carried by the mast; and
a drawworks. 16. A computer program product comprising:
a non-transitory, computer-readable medium comprising computer instructions executable by a processor of a data system communicatively connected with wellsite equipment for performing drill-out operations of frac plugs installed within a well, wherein the computer instructions, when executed by the processor of the data system, cause the data system to:
receive current drill-out data comprising current specifications of the frac plugs installed within the well;
receive historical drill-out data comprising:
historical specifications of other frac plugs installed within other wells; and
historical operational performance of other wellsite equipment during previously performed drill-out operations of the other frac plugs within the other wells;
determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data; and
display the determined optimal operational parameters on an output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to cause the wellsite equipment to perform the drill-out operations at the optimal operational parameters. 17. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations; and
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations. 18. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein:
the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations comprises at least one of a drill bit, a downhole motor, a power swivel, a drawworks, and a fluid pump; and
the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations comprises at least one of another drill bit, another downhole motor, another power swivel, another drawworks, and another fluid pump. 19. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein, to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the computer instructions further cause the data system to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 20. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of a drill bit for performing the drill-out operations;
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of other drill bits that performed the previously performed drill-out operations; and
to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the computer instructions further cause the data system to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs and the drill bit to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs and the drill bit; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and the other drill bits to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 21. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations;
the current operational performance comprises current measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit;
the historical operational performance comprises historical measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit; and
to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, the computer instructions further cause the data system to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs;
compare the current operational performance to the historical operational performance; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs and most closely match one or more of the current operational performance to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 22. The computer program product of claim 16 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
the computer instructions further cause the data system to display the current operational performance on the output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to:
visually monitor the current operational performance; and
adjust the current operational performance to match the optimal operational parameters. 23. A method comprising:
commencing operation of a data system communicatively connected with wellsite equipment for performing drill-out operations of frac plugs installed within a well, wherein commencing operation of the data system causes the data system to:
receive current drill-out data comprising current specifications of the frac plugs installed within the well;
receive historical drill-out data comprising:
historical specifications of other frac plugs installed within other wells; and
historical operational performance of other wellsite equipment during previously performed drill-out operations of the other frac plugs within the other wells;
determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data; and
display the determined optimal operational parameters on an output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to cause the wellsite equipment to perform the drill-out operations at the optimal operational parameters. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the historical operational performance comprises historical measurements of at least one of surface torque, downhole torque, power swivel rotational speed, downhole motor rotational speed, drill bit rotational speed, and weight on bit. 25. The method of claim 23 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current specifications of the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations; and
the historical drill-out data further comprises historical specifications of the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations. 26. The method of claim 23 wherein:
the wellsite equipment for performing the drill-out operations comprises at least one of a drill bit, a downhole motor, a power swivel, a drawworks, and a fluid pump; and
the other wellsite equipment that performed the previously performed drill-out operations comprises at least one of another drill bit, another downhole motor, another power swivel, another drawworks, and another fluid pump. 27. The method of claim 23 wherein, to determine optimal operational parameters of the wellsite equipment based on the current drill-out data and the historical drill-out data, commencing operation of the data system further causes the data system to:
compare the current specifications of the frac plugs to the historical specifications of the other frac plugs;
select one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs that most closely match one or more of the current specifications of the frac plugs; and
select the historical operational performance that is associated with the selected one or more of the historical specifications of the other frac plugs to be, form, or comprise one or more of the optimal operational parameters. 28. The method of claim 23 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
commencing operation of the data system further causes the data system to record the current drill-out data to a database containing the historical drill-out data, whereby the current drill-out data becomes part of the historical drill-out data usable as a basis by the data system to determine future optimal operational parameters of still other wellsite equipment for performing future drill-out operations. 29. The method of claim 23 wherein:
the current drill-out data further comprises current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
commencing operation of the data system further causes the data system to display the current operational performance on the output device for viewing by the human operator, thereby permitting the human operator to:
visually monitor the current operational performance; and
adjust the current operational performance to match the optimal operational parameters. 30. The method of claim 23 wherein commencing operation of the data system further causes the data system to:
display on the output device a plurality of software controls, each displayed in association with an activity code representing a corresponding activity performed by the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations, wherein each software control is selectable by the human operator;
record current operational performance data indicative of current operational performance of the wellsite equipment during the drill-out operations; and
upon operation of one of the software controls, record the current operational performance data in association with a time stamp and the activity code displayed in associated with the operated one of the software controls. | 2,100 |
347,042 | 16,805,543 | 3,734 | Article transport components, particularly wheeled article transport components such as bicycle transport components, bicycle carriers, and bicycle carrier systems for transporting bicycles inside vehicles are disclosed. The bicycle transport components may be in the form of at least one transport component that comes into contact with at least some of the portions of a bicycle that would otherwise contact a surface when a bicycle is placed on its side. The transport component has a contact surface with a lower coefficient of friction that permits the transport component with a bicycle thereon to be slid along the inside surface of a vehicle. In other cases, the bicycle carriers may include a combination, or assembly of components that provide a system for transporting two or more bicycles in the interior of a vehicle. Methods of transporting bicycles in a vehicle are also disclosed. | 1. A bicycle transport component for use in placing a bicycle in a vehicle, said bicycle transporting component comprising:
a member that is sized and configured to underlie one or more of surface-contacting parts of a bicycle when a bicycle is laid on its side, said member having a thickness of less than or equal to 0.4 inches, wherein said member is free from attachment to a vehicle, at least a portion of which member is substantially rigid, said member having a first side, wherein at least part of the first side is configured to at least indirectly contact a part of a bicycle that would otherwise contact the inside surface of a vehicle when a bicycle is laid on its side, and a second side for placing onto the inside surface of a vehicle, wherein said second side comprises a contact surface with a lower coefficient of friction for sliding than the bicycle would have without said transport component; and at least one fastener having at least one proximal portion joined to the member and at least one distal portion for temporarily joining said bicycle transport component to a part of a bicycle. 2. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 wherein said member is sized and configured to underlie two or fewer of the following surface-contacting parts of a bicycle when a bicycle is laid on its side:
a. portions of the side walls and bottoms of the tires along the lower portions of the tires;
b. the rear axle;
c. a pedal;
d. the front axle; and
e. a handle bar. 3. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the contact surface of said second side of said member is convexly curved. 4. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of said contact surface comprises polytetrafluorethylene. 5. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 which comprises a hub transport component comprising a first portion that is configured to be temporarily joined to the end of an axle of the wheel of a bicycle, wherein said first portion of said hub transport component has an axis that is configured to align with the axle of a bicycle wheel, and said member is joined perpendicular to the axis of said first portion, wherein said member has a circular plan view shape and has side edges that are rounded in a direction parallel to the axis to aid in sliding of the hub transport component across a surface. 6. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 which comprises a pedal transport component that is configured to be temporarily joined to a pedal of a bicycle, wherein said member is sized and configured to be placed adjacent the end of a pedal in order to cover the end of the pedal and the at least one distal portion of said at least one fastener is configured to fasten around a portion of at least one of the pedal or crank arm of a bicycle. 7. The bicycle transport component of claim 6 wherein the first side of the member of the pedal transport component has an element joined thereto extending outward from said first side, said element having a recess therein that is configured for receiving at least a portion of the end of a pedal of a bicycle. 8. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 which comprises a wheel transport component that is configured to be temporarily joined to a wheel of bicycle, wherein at least a portion of said member has a length and an arcuate shape along its length that approximates the arcuate shape of a portion of a bicycle wheel. 9. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 which comprises a handlebar transport component wherein said member has a circular plan view shape that is sized to underlie the surface-contacting parts of a bicycle handle bar, and the at least one fastener is configured to be temporarily joined to a handle bar of a bicycle. 10. The bicycle transport of claim 1 wherein said member has a length, a width, and a pair of longitudinal sides, wherein said member is sized and configured to span at least from the lowermost pedal of a bicycle laid on its side to both of the hubs of a bicycle, but not to the handlebars of a bicycle, and said bicycle transport component further comprises:
an arm having a proximal end, a distal end, and a length, wherein said arm is joined to said member so that said arm extends outward from one of the longitudinal sides of said member to a distal end; and
a second member joined to the distal end of said arm, wherein the length of said arm is sufficient to place said second member under a portion of the handlebars of a bicycle and said second member is sized and configured to underlie the portion of the handlebars of a bicycle that would otherwise contact the surface of the vehicle. 11. The bicycle transport component of claim 10 which comprises a bicycle carrier wherein said member is sized and configured to support and lift a bicycle when a bicycle is placed on the first side of the member. 12. The bicycle carrier of claim 1 wherein said at least one fastener comprises a first wheel fastener for fastening the front wheel to the member and a second wheel fastener for fastening the rear wheel to the member. 13. A bicycle carrier system for transporting two bicycles inside a vehicle, said carrier system comprising:
a first bicycle transport component according to claim 1, wherein said first bicycle transport component is configured to underlie at least parts of a first bicycle to reduce the friction when sliding a first bicycle into place on a surface inside a vehicle; a supporting component comprising a platform that is configured to be placed inside a vehicle and overlie the first bicycle and first bicycle transport component; and a second bicycle transport component, wherein said second bicycle transport component is configured to underlie at least parts of a second bicycle and reduce the friction in sliding a second bicycle inside a vehicle on the supporting component platform. 14. A set of components for transporting a bicycle in a vehicle, said components comprising:
a) at least one bicycle transport component comprising one or more of the following: a hub transport component, a pedal transport component, one or more wheel transport components, and a handlebar transport component; and b) at least one immobilizing component for keeping a part of a bicycle from moving when a bicycle is placed on its side and slid across a surface, wherein said at least one immobilizing component comprises one or more of the following: a front wheel immobilizing component, a rear wheel immobilizing component, and a pedal immobilizing component. 15. A method of transporting a bicycle in a vehicle, said method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a transport component comprising:
a member, at least a portion of which member is substantially rigid, said member having a first side and a second side, wherein at least part of the first side is configured to contact a portion of a bicycle that would otherwise contact the inside surface of a vehicle when a bicycle a laid on its side, and a second side that may be placed onto the inside surface of a vehicle, wherein said second side forms a contact surface that permits said transport component with a bicycle thereon to be slid on the inside surface of a vehicle; and
at least one fastener having at least one proximal portion joined to the member and at least one distal portion for temporarily joining said bicycle transport component to a part of a bicycle;
b) bringing said transport component and a bicycle adjacent to one another by either placing said transport component on at least part of the bicycle, or by placing the bicycle on said transport component; c) joining said bicycle transport component to a part of a bicycle using said at least one fastener; d) lifting one end of the bicycle transport component and placing the end on the rear of a vehicle adjacent an opening into the vehicle while the other end of the bicycle transport component is on the ground; e) lifting the other end of the transport component so that the transport component with the bicycle thereon is at least partially inside the trunk or storage space of a vehicle; and f) sliding the bicycle transport component with the bicycle thereon so that it is positioned entirely within the trunk or storage space of a vehicle. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the steps of:
g) providing a supporting component comprising a platform configured to support a second bicycle in the trunk or storage space of the vehicle;
h) positioning said supporting component in the trunk or storage space of the vehicle so that said platform is above at least a portion of a first bicycle;
i) providing a second transport component comprising a member, at least a portion of which member is substantially rigid, said member having a first side and a second side, wherein at least part of the first side is configured to contact a portion of a bicycle that would otherwise contact the inside surface of a vehicle when a bicycle a laid on its side, and a second side that may be placed onto the inside surface of a vehicle, wherein said second side forms a contact surface that permits said second transport component with a bicycle thereon to be slid inside a vehicle;
j) bringing said transport component and a second bicycle adjacent to one another by either placing said transport component on at least part of the second bicycle, or by placing the second bicycle on said transport component;
k) lifting the second transport component so that the second transport component with the second bicycle thereon is at least partially in the trunk or storage space of a vehicle and at least partially resting on the platform of the supporting component; and
l) sliding the second transport component onto said platform so that the second transport component with the second bicycle thereon is positioned entirely within the trunk or storage space of a vehicle. | Article transport components, particularly wheeled article transport components such as bicycle transport components, bicycle carriers, and bicycle carrier systems for transporting bicycles inside vehicles are disclosed. The bicycle transport components may be in the form of at least one transport component that comes into contact with at least some of the portions of a bicycle that would otherwise contact a surface when a bicycle is placed on its side. The transport component has a contact surface with a lower coefficient of friction that permits the transport component with a bicycle thereon to be slid along the inside surface of a vehicle. In other cases, the bicycle carriers may include a combination, or assembly of components that provide a system for transporting two or more bicycles in the interior of a vehicle. Methods of transporting bicycles in a vehicle are also disclosed.1. A bicycle transport component for use in placing a bicycle in a vehicle, said bicycle transporting component comprising:
a member that is sized and configured to underlie one or more of surface-contacting parts of a bicycle when a bicycle is laid on its side, said member having a thickness of less than or equal to 0.4 inches, wherein said member is free from attachment to a vehicle, at least a portion of which member is substantially rigid, said member having a first side, wherein at least part of the first side is configured to at least indirectly contact a part of a bicycle that would otherwise contact the inside surface of a vehicle when a bicycle is laid on its side, and a second side for placing onto the inside surface of a vehicle, wherein said second side comprises a contact surface with a lower coefficient of friction for sliding than the bicycle would have without said transport component; and at least one fastener having at least one proximal portion joined to the member and at least one distal portion for temporarily joining said bicycle transport component to a part of a bicycle. 2. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 wherein said member is sized and configured to underlie two or fewer of the following surface-contacting parts of a bicycle when a bicycle is laid on its side:
a. portions of the side walls and bottoms of the tires along the lower portions of the tires;
b. the rear axle;
c. a pedal;
d. the front axle; and
e. a handle bar. 3. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the contact surface of said second side of said member is convexly curved. 4. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of said contact surface comprises polytetrafluorethylene. 5. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 which comprises a hub transport component comprising a first portion that is configured to be temporarily joined to the end of an axle of the wheel of a bicycle, wherein said first portion of said hub transport component has an axis that is configured to align with the axle of a bicycle wheel, and said member is joined perpendicular to the axis of said first portion, wherein said member has a circular plan view shape and has side edges that are rounded in a direction parallel to the axis to aid in sliding of the hub transport component across a surface. 6. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 which comprises a pedal transport component that is configured to be temporarily joined to a pedal of a bicycle, wherein said member is sized and configured to be placed adjacent the end of a pedal in order to cover the end of the pedal and the at least one distal portion of said at least one fastener is configured to fasten around a portion of at least one of the pedal or crank arm of a bicycle. 7. The bicycle transport component of claim 6 wherein the first side of the member of the pedal transport component has an element joined thereto extending outward from said first side, said element having a recess therein that is configured for receiving at least a portion of the end of a pedal of a bicycle. 8. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 which comprises a wheel transport component that is configured to be temporarily joined to a wheel of bicycle, wherein at least a portion of said member has a length and an arcuate shape along its length that approximates the arcuate shape of a portion of a bicycle wheel. 9. The bicycle transport component of claim 1 which comprises a handlebar transport component wherein said member has a circular plan view shape that is sized to underlie the surface-contacting parts of a bicycle handle bar, and the at least one fastener is configured to be temporarily joined to a handle bar of a bicycle. 10. The bicycle transport of claim 1 wherein said member has a length, a width, and a pair of longitudinal sides, wherein said member is sized and configured to span at least from the lowermost pedal of a bicycle laid on its side to both of the hubs of a bicycle, but not to the handlebars of a bicycle, and said bicycle transport component further comprises:
an arm having a proximal end, a distal end, and a length, wherein said arm is joined to said member so that said arm extends outward from one of the longitudinal sides of said member to a distal end; and
a second member joined to the distal end of said arm, wherein the length of said arm is sufficient to place said second member under a portion of the handlebars of a bicycle and said second member is sized and configured to underlie the portion of the handlebars of a bicycle that would otherwise contact the surface of the vehicle. 11. The bicycle transport component of claim 10 which comprises a bicycle carrier wherein said member is sized and configured to support and lift a bicycle when a bicycle is placed on the first side of the member. 12. The bicycle carrier of claim 1 wherein said at least one fastener comprises a first wheel fastener for fastening the front wheel to the member and a second wheel fastener for fastening the rear wheel to the member. 13. A bicycle carrier system for transporting two bicycles inside a vehicle, said carrier system comprising:
a first bicycle transport component according to claim 1, wherein said first bicycle transport component is configured to underlie at least parts of a first bicycle to reduce the friction when sliding a first bicycle into place on a surface inside a vehicle; a supporting component comprising a platform that is configured to be placed inside a vehicle and overlie the first bicycle and first bicycle transport component; and a second bicycle transport component, wherein said second bicycle transport component is configured to underlie at least parts of a second bicycle and reduce the friction in sliding a second bicycle inside a vehicle on the supporting component platform. 14. A set of components for transporting a bicycle in a vehicle, said components comprising:
a) at least one bicycle transport component comprising one or more of the following: a hub transport component, a pedal transport component, one or more wheel transport components, and a handlebar transport component; and b) at least one immobilizing component for keeping a part of a bicycle from moving when a bicycle is placed on its side and slid across a surface, wherein said at least one immobilizing component comprises one or more of the following: a front wheel immobilizing component, a rear wheel immobilizing component, and a pedal immobilizing component. 15. A method of transporting a bicycle in a vehicle, said method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a transport component comprising:
a member, at least a portion of which member is substantially rigid, said member having a first side and a second side, wherein at least part of the first side is configured to contact a portion of a bicycle that would otherwise contact the inside surface of a vehicle when a bicycle a laid on its side, and a second side that may be placed onto the inside surface of a vehicle, wherein said second side forms a contact surface that permits said transport component with a bicycle thereon to be slid on the inside surface of a vehicle; and
at least one fastener having at least one proximal portion joined to the member and at least one distal portion for temporarily joining said bicycle transport component to a part of a bicycle;
b) bringing said transport component and a bicycle adjacent to one another by either placing said transport component on at least part of the bicycle, or by placing the bicycle on said transport component; c) joining said bicycle transport component to a part of a bicycle using said at least one fastener; d) lifting one end of the bicycle transport component and placing the end on the rear of a vehicle adjacent an opening into the vehicle while the other end of the bicycle transport component is on the ground; e) lifting the other end of the transport component so that the transport component with the bicycle thereon is at least partially inside the trunk or storage space of a vehicle; and f) sliding the bicycle transport component with the bicycle thereon so that it is positioned entirely within the trunk or storage space of a vehicle. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the steps of:
g) providing a supporting component comprising a platform configured to support a second bicycle in the trunk or storage space of the vehicle;
h) positioning said supporting component in the trunk or storage space of the vehicle so that said platform is above at least a portion of a first bicycle;
i) providing a second transport component comprising a member, at least a portion of which member is substantially rigid, said member having a first side and a second side, wherein at least part of the first side is configured to contact a portion of a bicycle that would otherwise contact the inside surface of a vehicle when a bicycle a laid on its side, and a second side that may be placed onto the inside surface of a vehicle, wherein said second side forms a contact surface that permits said second transport component with a bicycle thereon to be slid inside a vehicle;
j) bringing said transport component and a second bicycle adjacent to one another by either placing said transport component on at least part of the second bicycle, or by placing the second bicycle on said transport component;
k) lifting the second transport component so that the second transport component with the second bicycle thereon is at least partially in the trunk or storage space of a vehicle and at least partially resting on the platform of the supporting component; and
l) sliding the second transport component onto said platform so that the second transport component with the second bicycle thereon is positioned entirely within the trunk or storage space of a vehicle. | 3,700 |
347,043 | 16,805,539 | 3,734 | An inductor includes a main body having a bottom surface, a top surface positioned opposite to the bottom surface, four side surfaces connected to the bottom surface and the top surface, a metal body that includes a first metal portion buried in the main body and second metal portions extending outward from respective opposite longitudinal ends of the first metal portion. The second metal portions are exposed from respective opposite side surfaces of the main body. In the inductor, each second metal portion is formed into a tabular shape having a first surface with a plating layer and a second surface positioned opposite to the first surface. Each second metal portion is formed into an external terminal and includes a first bend and a second bend that are formed by bending the second metal portion. | 1. An inductor comprising:
a main body having a bottom surface, a top surface positioned opposite to the bottom surface, four side surfaces connected to the bottom surface and the top surface; a metal body that includes a first metal portion buried in the main body and second metal portions extending outward from respective opposite longitudinal ends of the first metal portion, the second metal portions being exposed from respective opposite side surfaces of the main body, wherein each of the second metal portion being a plate-like shape has a first surface with a plating layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface, each of the second metal portion defines an external terminal, includes a first bend that is formed by bending the second metal portion such that the second surface opposes a corresponding one of the opposite side surfaces of the main body, and includes a second bend that is formed by bending the second metal portion such that the second surface opposes the bottom surface of the main body, when R1 denotes a curvature radius of an inner peripheral surface of the second bend, t denotes a thickness of each second metal portion at the second bend, and λ denotes a value determined based on the ratio R1 to t, such that λ is 0.3 in a case of R1/t being less than 0.5, or λ is 0.35 in a case of R1/t being in the range of 0.5 to less than 1.5, or λ is 0.43 in a case of R1/t being in the range of 1.5 to less than 3.0, or λ is 0.5 in a case of R1/t being 5.0 or more,
a curvature radius R2 of a neutral surface of bending of the second bend is obtained from an equation R2=R1+λ×t, and
a curvature radius R3 of an outer peripheral surface of the second bend is obtained from an equation R3=R1+t,
when a first distance A is defined as a distance between an end of the first bend that is closer to a tip of each second metal portion and an end of the second bend that is closer to the first metal portion, and when a second distance B is defined as a distance between the tip of each second metal portion and an end of the second bend that is closer to the tip of each second metal portion,
a length of the neutral surface is obtained by A+B+R2×2×π×90°/360°, and
a total length of the first distance A, the second distance B, and the outer peripheral surface of the second bend is obtained by A+B+R3×2×π×90°/360°, and
when an elongation percentage E of the outer peripheral surface is defined as {(the length of the outer peripheral surface−the length of the neutral surface)/the length of the outer peripheral surface}×100, the first distance A is set to be shorter than a height of the corresponding one of the side surfaces of the main body, and the second distance B is set to be shorter than a half of a distance between the opposite side surfaces of the main body,
the elongation percentage E of the outer peripheral surface is 13% or less. 2. The inductor according to claim 1, wherein
the plating layer includes a first layer of nickel plating formed on a surface of a base metal made of copper and a second layer of tin plating formed on the first layer. 3. The inductor according to claim 1, wherein
the first metal portion having a plate-like shape has a first surface with a plating layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first metal portion is buried in the main body such that the second surface is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the main body, and the plating layer is disposed at an opposite side to the bottom surface of the main body. 4. The inductor according to claim 1, wherein
the first metal portion is shaped like a coil having one or more turns. 5. The inductor according to claim 3, wherein
a lateral length of each second metal portion at the first bend is substantially the same as a lateral length of the first metal portion, a lateral length of each second metal portion at a position other than the first bend is longer than the lateral length of the first metal portion, and the lateral length of each second metal portion at a position other than the first bend is substantially the same as or smaller than a lateral length of the main body. 6. The inductor according to claim 5, wherein
the main body has an approximate size of 2.5 mm by 2.0 mm by 1.0 mm. 7. The inductor according to claim 2, wherein
the first metal portion having a plate-like shape has a first surface with a plating layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first metal portion is buried in the main body such that the second surface is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the main body, and the plating layer is disposed at an opposite side to the bottom surface of the main body. 8. The inductor according to claim 7, wherein
a lateral length of each second metal portion at the first bend is substantially the same as a lateral length of the first metal portion, a lateral length of each second metal portion at a position other than the first bend is longer than the lateral length of the first metal portion, and the lateral length of each second metal portion at a position other than the first bend is substantially the same as or smaller than a lateral length of the main body. 9. The inductor according to claim 8, wherein
the main body has an approximate size of 2.5 mm by 2.0 mm by 1.0 mm. 10. The inductor according to claim 2, wherein
the first metal portion is shaped like a coil having one or more turns. | An inductor includes a main body having a bottom surface, a top surface positioned opposite to the bottom surface, four side surfaces connected to the bottom surface and the top surface, a metal body that includes a first metal portion buried in the main body and second metal portions extending outward from respective opposite longitudinal ends of the first metal portion. The second metal portions are exposed from respective opposite side surfaces of the main body. In the inductor, each second metal portion is formed into a tabular shape having a first surface with a plating layer and a second surface positioned opposite to the first surface. Each second metal portion is formed into an external terminal and includes a first bend and a second bend that are formed by bending the second metal portion.1. An inductor comprising:
a main body having a bottom surface, a top surface positioned opposite to the bottom surface, four side surfaces connected to the bottom surface and the top surface; a metal body that includes a first metal portion buried in the main body and second metal portions extending outward from respective opposite longitudinal ends of the first metal portion, the second metal portions being exposed from respective opposite side surfaces of the main body, wherein each of the second metal portion being a plate-like shape has a first surface with a plating layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface, each of the second metal portion defines an external terminal, includes a first bend that is formed by bending the second metal portion such that the second surface opposes a corresponding one of the opposite side surfaces of the main body, and includes a second bend that is formed by bending the second metal portion such that the second surface opposes the bottom surface of the main body, when R1 denotes a curvature radius of an inner peripheral surface of the second bend, t denotes a thickness of each second metal portion at the second bend, and λ denotes a value determined based on the ratio R1 to t, such that λ is 0.3 in a case of R1/t being less than 0.5, or λ is 0.35 in a case of R1/t being in the range of 0.5 to less than 1.5, or λ is 0.43 in a case of R1/t being in the range of 1.5 to less than 3.0, or λ is 0.5 in a case of R1/t being 5.0 or more,
a curvature radius R2 of a neutral surface of bending of the second bend is obtained from an equation R2=R1+λ×t, and
a curvature radius R3 of an outer peripheral surface of the second bend is obtained from an equation R3=R1+t,
when a first distance A is defined as a distance between an end of the first bend that is closer to a tip of each second metal portion and an end of the second bend that is closer to the first metal portion, and when a second distance B is defined as a distance between the tip of each second metal portion and an end of the second bend that is closer to the tip of each second metal portion,
a length of the neutral surface is obtained by A+B+R2×2×π×90°/360°, and
a total length of the first distance A, the second distance B, and the outer peripheral surface of the second bend is obtained by A+B+R3×2×π×90°/360°, and
when an elongation percentage E of the outer peripheral surface is defined as {(the length of the outer peripheral surface−the length of the neutral surface)/the length of the outer peripheral surface}×100, the first distance A is set to be shorter than a height of the corresponding one of the side surfaces of the main body, and the second distance B is set to be shorter than a half of a distance between the opposite side surfaces of the main body,
the elongation percentage E of the outer peripheral surface is 13% or less. 2. The inductor according to claim 1, wherein
the plating layer includes a first layer of nickel plating formed on a surface of a base metal made of copper and a second layer of tin plating formed on the first layer. 3. The inductor according to claim 1, wherein
the first metal portion having a plate-like shape has a first surface with a plating layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first metal portion is buried in the main body such that the second surface is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the main body, and the plating layer is disposed at an opposite side to the bottom surface of the main body. 4. The inductor according to claim 1, wherein
the first metal portion is shaped like a coil having one or more turns. 5. The inductor according to claim 3, wherein
a lateral length of each second metal portion at the first bend is substantially the same as a lateral length of the first metal portion, a lateral length of each second metal portion at a position other than the first bend is longer than the lateral length of the first metal portion, and the lateral length of each second metal portion at a position other than the first bend is substantially the same as or smaller than a lateral length of the main body. 6. The inductor according to claim 5, wherein
the main body has an approximate size of 2.5 mm by 2.0 mm by 1.0 mm. 7. The inductor according to claim 2, wherein
the first metal portion having a plate-like shape has a first surface with a plating layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first metal portion is buried in the main body such that the second surface is substantially parallel to the bottom surface of the main body, and the plating layer is disposed at an opposite side to the bottom surface of the main body. 8. The inductor according to claim 7, wherein
a lateral length of each second metal portion at the first bend is substantially the same as a lateral length of the first metal portion, a lateral length of each second metal portion at a position other than the first bend is longer than the lateral length of the first metal portion, and the lateral length of each second metal portion at a position other than the first bend is substantially the same as or smaller than a lateral length of the main body. 9. The inductor according to claim 8, wherein
the main body has an approximate size of 2.5 mm by 2.0 mm by 1.0 mm. 10. The inductor according to claim 2, wherein
the first metal portion is shaped like a coil having one or more turns. | 3,700 |
347,044 | 16,805,556 | 3,629 | A disclosed system includes a processor circuit that is configured to evaluate a candidate for employment. The processor circuit performs operations including receiving a first dataset representing preferences for characteristics of an employee, receiving a second dataset representing characteristics of the candidate for employment, and generating a difference metric that represents deviations between the first dataset and the second dataset. The processor circuit may be further configured to compare the difference metric to a predetermined suitability threshold, and to designate the candidate as a suitable candidate when the difference metric is less than the threshold. The system may further include a display device and a user input device. The processor circuit may control the display device to display questions to a user on a graphical user interface, and to control the user input device to receive user data from the user in response to the presented questions. | 1. A processor-implemented method of evaluating a candidate for employment, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor circuit, a first dataset representing preferences for characteristics of an employee; receiving a second dataset representing characteristics of the candidate for employment; generating a difference metric that represents deviations between the first dataset and the second dataset; comparing the difference metric to a predetermined suitability threshold; and designating the candidate as a suitable candidate when the difference metric is less than the threshold. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second datasets each include respective numerical values that represent preferences regarding one or more measures including: cultural fit, management style, personality traits, skills, and experience. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the difference metric further comprises:
generating a score for each of the one or more measures; and generating the difference metric as a weighted sum of scores for each of the one or more measures. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the difference metric further comprises:
generating a score that measures personality traits based on a personality model in which traits represented in the model are traits that are relevant to a particular business or industry. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating the difference metric as a vector difference between a first multi-dimensional vector and a second multi-dimensional vector, wherein numerical values in the first dataset are used as components of the first multi-dimensional vector, and wherein numerical values in the second dataset are used as components of the second multi-dimensional vector. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the first dataset and receiving the second dataset further comprises:
controlling, by the processor, a display device and a user input device to perform operations including:
displaying, on the display device, questions to a user on a graphical user interface (GUI); and
receiving, by the user input device, user data from the user in response to the questions presented to the user on the GUI. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving feedback regarding candidates identified as suitable; and refining and customizing the generation of the difference metric based on the received feedback. 8. A system configured to evaluate a candidate for employment, the system comprising:
a processor circuit configured to perform operations including:
receiving a first dataset representing preferences for characteristics of an employee;
receiving a second dataset representing characteristics of the candidate for employment;
generating a difference metric that represents deviations between the first dataset and the second dataset;
comparing the difference metric to a predetermined suitability threshold; and
designating the candidate as a suitable candidate when the difference metric is less than the threshold. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to generate the difference metric based on the first and second datasets, the first and second datasets each including respective numerical values that represent preferences regarding one or more measures including: cultural fit, management style, personality traits, skills, and experience. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to generate the difference metric by performing operations comprising:
generating a score for each of the one or more measures; and generating the difference metric as a weighted sum of scores for each of the one or more measures. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to generate the difference metric by performing operations comprising:
generating a score that measures personality traits based on a personality model in which traits represented in the model are traits that are relevant to a particular business or industry. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to perform operations comprising:
generating the difference metric as a vector difference between a first multi-dimensional vector and a second multi-dimensional vector, wherein numerical values in the first dataset are used as components of the first multi-dimensional vector, and wherein numerical values in the second dataset are used as components of the second multi-dimensional vector. 13. The system of claim 8, further comprising:
a display device; and a user input device, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to receive the first dataset and to receive the second dataset by performing operations comprising: controlling the display device and the user input device to perform operations including:
displaying, on the display device, questions to a user on a GUI; and
receiving, by the user input device, user data from the user in response to the questions presented to the user on the GUI. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving feedback regarding candidates identified as suitable; and refining and customizing the generation of the difference metric based on the received feedback. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first dataset representing preferences for characteristics of an employee; receiving a second dataset representing characteristics of the candidate for employment; generating a difference metric that represents deviations between the first dataset and the second dataset; comparing the difference metric to a predetermined suitability threshold; and designating the candidate as a suitable candidate when the difference metric is less than the threshold. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first and second datasets each include respective numerical values that represent preferences regarding one or more measures including: cultural fit, management style, personality traits, skills, and experience. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 16, further comprising computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to perform operations comprising:
generating a score for each of the one or more measures; and generating the difference metric as a weighted sum of scores for each of the one or more measures. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 16, further comprising computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to generate the difference metric by performing operations comprising:
generating a score that measures personality traits based on a personality model in which traits represented in the model are traits that are relevant to a particular business or industry. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to perform operations comprising:
generating the difference metric as a vector difference between a first multi-dimensional vector and a second multi-dimensional vector, wherein numerical values in the first dataset are used as components of the first multi-dimensional vector, and wherein numerical values in the second dataset are used as components of the second multi-dimensional vector. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to receive the first dataset and receive the second dataset by performing operations comprising:
controlling a display device and a user input device to perform operations including:
displaying, on the display device, questions to a user on a GUI; and
receiving, by the user input device, user data from the user in response to the questions presented to the user on the GUI. | A disclosed system includes a processor circuit that is configured to evaluate a candidate for employment. The processor circuit performs operations including receiving a first dataset representing preferences for characteristics of an employee, receiving a second dataset representing characteristics of the candidate for employment, and generating a difference metric that represents deviations between the first dataset and the second dataset. The processor circuit may be further configured to compare the difference metric to a predetermined suitability threshold, and to designate the candidate as a suitable candidate when the difference metric is less than the threshold. The system may further include a display device and a user input device. The processor circuit may control the display device to display questions to a user on a graphical user interface, and to control the user input device to receive user data from the user in response to the presented questions.1. A processor-implemented method of evaluating a candidate for employment, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor circuit, a first dataset representing preferences for characteristics of an employee; receiving a second dataset representing characteristics of the candidate for employment; generating a difference metric that represents deviations between the first dataset and the second dataset; comparing the difference metric to a predetermined suitability threshold; and designating the candidate as a suitable candidate when the difference metric is less than the threshold. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second datasets each include respective numerical values that represent preferences regarding one or more measures including: cultural fit, management style, personality traits, skills, and experience. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the difference metric further comprises:
generating a score for each of the one or more measures; and generating the difference metric as a weighted sum of scores for each of the one or more measures. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the difference metric further comprises:
generating a score that measures personality traits based on a personality model in which traits represented in the model are traits that are relevant to a particular business or industry. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating the difference metric as a vector difference between a first multi-dimensional vector and a second multi-dimensional vector, wherein numerical values in the first dataset are used as components of the first multi-dimensional vector, and wherein numerical values in the second dataset are used as components of the second multi-dimensional vector. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the first dataset and receiving the second dataset further comprises:
controlling, by the processor, a display device and a user input device to perform operations including:
displaying, on the display device, questions to a user on a graphical user interface (GUI); and
receiving, by the user input device, user data from the user in response to the questions presented to the user on the GUI. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
receiving feedback regarding candidates identified as suitable; and refining and customizing the generation of the difference metric based on the received feedback. 8. A system configured to evaluate a candidate for employment, the system comprising:
a processor circuit configured to perform operations including:
receiving a first dataset representing preferences for characteristics of an employee;
receiving a second dataset representing characteristics of the candidate for employment;
generating a difference metric that represents deviations between the first dataset and the second dataset;
comparing the difference metric to a predetermined suitability threshold; and
designating the candidate as a suitable candidate when the difference metric is less than the threshold. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to generate the difference metric based on the first and second datasets, the first and second datasets each including respective numerical values that represent preferences regarding one or more measures including: cultural fit, management style, personality traits, skills, and experience. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to generate the difference metric by performing operations comprising:
generating a score for each of the one or more measures; and generating the difference metric as a weighted sum of scores for each of the one or more measures. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to generate the difference metric by performing operations comprising:
generating a score that measures personality traits based on a personality model in which traits represented in the model are traits that are relevant to a particular business or industry. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to perform operations comprising:
generating the difference metric as a vector difference between a first multi-dimensional vector and a second multi-dimensional vector, wherein numerical values in the first dataset are used as components of the first multi-dimensional vector, and wherein numerical values in the second dataset are used as components of the second multi-dimensional vector. 13. The system of claim 8, further comprising:
a display device; and a user input device, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to receive the first dataset and to receive the second dataset by performing operations comprising: controlling the display device and the user input device to perform operations including:
displaying, on the display device, questions to a user on a GUI; and
receiving, by the user input device, user data from the user in response to the questions presented to the user on the GUI. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the processor circuit is further configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving feedback regarding candidates identified as suitable; and refining and customizing the generation of the difference metric based on the received feedback. 15. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first dataset representing preferences for characteristics of an employee; receiving a second dataset representing characteristics of the candidate for employment; generating a difference metric that represents deviations between the first dataset and the second dataset; comparing the difference metric to a predetermined suitability threshold; and designating the candidate as a suitable candidate when the difference metric is less than the threshold. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first and second datasets each include respective numerical values that represent preferences regarding one or more measures including: cultural fit, management style, personality traits, skills, and experience. 17. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 16, further comprising computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to perform operations comprising:
generating a score for each of the one or more measures; and generating the difference metric as a weighted sum of scores for each of the one or more measures. 18. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 16, further comprising computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to generate the difference metric by performing operations comprising:
generating a score that measures personality traits based on a personality model in which traits represented in the model are traits that are relevant to a particular business or industry. 19. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to perform operations comprising:
generating the difference metric as a vector difference between a first multi-dimensional vector and a second multi-dimensional vector, wherein numerical values in the first dataset are used as components of the first multi-dimensional vector, and wherein numerical values in the second dataset are used as components of the second multi-dimensional vector. 20. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, further comprising computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor circuit, cause the processor circuit to receive the first dataset and receive the second dataset by performing operations comprising:
controlling a display device and a user input device to perform operations including:
displaying, on the display device, questions to a user on a GUI; and
receiving, by the user input device, user data from the user in response to the questions presented to the user on the GUI. | 3,600 |
347,045 | 16,805,519 | 3,629 | A directional coupler may include a first coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines, the first coupled transmission line having a first end coupled to an input port. The directional coupler may also include a second coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines. The directional coupler may also include a third coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines. The first coupled transmission line of the third coupled section has a first end coupled to a second end of the second coupled transmission line of the second coupled section and a second end coupled to an output port. The directional coupler may further include a delay section. A total electrical length of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, the third coupled section, and the delay section is about 90 degrees. | 1. A directional coupler comprises:
a first coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines, the first coupled transmission line having a first end coupled to an input port; a second coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines, the first coupled transmission line of the second coupled section having a first end coupled to a second end of the first coupled transmission line of the first coupled section; a third coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines, the first coupled transmission line of the third coupled section having a first end coupled to a second end of the second coupled transmission line of the second coupled section and a second end coupled to an output port; and a delay section having a first end coupled to a second end of the second coupled transmission line of the first coupled section and a second end coupled to a first end of the second coupled transmission lines of the third coupled section, wherein a total electrical length of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, the third coupled section, and the delay section is about 90 degrees. 2. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein a second end of the second coupled transmission line of the third coupled section is coupled to an isolated port. 3. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein a first end of the second coupled transmission line of the first coupled section is coupled to a coupled port. 4. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the second coupled transmission line of the second coupled section has a first open end. 5. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the first coupled transmission line of the second coupled section has a second open end. 6. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the total electrical length ranges from 80 degrees to 100 degrees. 7. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the first coupled section and the third coupled section are identical. 8. The directional coupler of claim 7, wherein the third coupled section has the same even and odd impedances and the same electrical length as the first coupled section. 9. The directional coupler of claim 7, wherein the directional coupler is bi-directional. 10. The directional coupler of claim 7, wherein the directional coupler has a flat coupling at a frequency band center. 11. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the first coupled section, the second coupled section, and the third coupled section are identical. 12. The directional coupler of claim 11, wherein the delay section has an electrical length of zero degrees. 13. The directional coupler of claim 11, wherein the second and third coupled sections have the same even and odd impedances and the same electrical length as the first coupled section. 14. The directional coupler of claim 11, wherein the directional coupler has a return loss of at least 15 dB and a directivity of at least 15 dB. 15. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the first coupled transmission line of one or more of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, or the third coupled section comprises a first pair of inter-digitally connected coupled lines. 16. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the second coupled transmission line of one or more of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, or the third coupled section comprises a second pair of inter-digitally connected coupled lines. 17. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the first coupled transmission line of one or more of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, or the third coupled section comprises equivalent lump elements. 18. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the second coupled transmission line of one or more of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, or the third coupled section comprises equivalent lump elements. 19. A multi-section coupler comprises a first coupling structure between the directional coupler of claim 1 and the input port. 20. The multi-section coupler of claim 19, further comprising a second coupling structure between the directional coupler and the output port. 21. A method of forming a directional coupler, the method comprising forming a stack comprising:
a top ground layer comprising a first plurality of vias over the fourth layer; a first layer comprising a first portion of a second coupled section, a delay section, and a first plurality of conductive pads under the top ground layer; a second layer comprising a second portion of the second coupled section and a second plurality of conductive pads under the first layer; a middle ground layer comprising a second plurality of vias under the second layer; a third layer comprising a first portion of first and third coupled sections and a third plurality of conductive pads under the middle ground layer; a fourth layer comprising a second portion of the first and third coupled sections, and a fourth plurality of conductive pads under the third layer, wherein one or more of the first and second pluralities of conductive pads of the second coupled section are coupled to one or more of the third and fourth pluralities of conductive pads through the second plurality of vias of the middle ground layer; a bottom ground layer comprising metal patches and a fifth plurality of conductive pads under the fourth layer, wherein the metal patches and the fifth plurality of conductive pads of the bottom ground layer are coupled to one or more of the first plurality of vias of the top ground layer through one or more of the second plurality of vias of the middle ground layer; and a bottom layer comprising a plurality of mounting pads under the bottom ground layer, wherein the plurality of mounting pads are connected to one or more of the metal patches of the bottom ground layer, wherein a total electrical length of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, the third coupled section, and the delay section is about 90 degrees. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the plurality of mounting pads are coupled to one or more of the metal patches of the bottom ground layer by one or more of a plurality of blind vias coupled between the bottom ground layer and the bottom layer. | A directional coupler may include a first coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines, the first coupled transmission line having a first end coupled to an input port. The directional coupler may also include a second coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines. The directional coupler may also include a third coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines. The first coupled transmission line of the third coupled section has a first end coupled to a second end of the second coupled transmission line of the second coupled section and a second end coupled to an output port. The directional coupler may further include a delay section. A total electrical length of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, the third coupled section, and the delay section is about 90 degrees.1. A directional coupler comprises:
a first coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines, the first coupled transmission line having a first end coupled to an input port; a second coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines, the first coupled transmission line of the second coupled section having a first end coupled to a second end of the first coupled transmission line of the first coupled section; a third coupled section comprising a first and a second coupled transmission lines, the first coupled transmission line of the third coupled section having a first end coupled to a second end of the second coupled transmission line of the second coupled section and a second end coupled to an output port; and a delay section having a first end coupled to a second end of the second coupled transmission line of the first coupled section and a second end coupled to a first end of the second coupled transmission lines of the third coupled section, wherein a total electrical length of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, the third coupled section, and the delay section is about 90 degrees. 2. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein a second end of the second coupled transmission line of the third coupled section is coupled to an isolated port. 3. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein a first end of the second coupled transmission line of the first coupled section is coupled to a coupled port. 4. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the second coupled transmission line of the second coupled section has a first open end. 5. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the first coupled transmission line of the second coupled section has a second open end. 6. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the total electrical length ranges from 80 degrees to 100 degrees. 7. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the first coupled section and the third coupled section are identical. 8. The directional coupler of claim 7, wherein the third coupled section has the same even and odd impedances and the same electrical length as the first coupled section. 9. The directional coupler of claim 7, wherein the directional coupler is bi-directional. 10. The directional coupler of claim 7, wherein the directional coupler has a flat coupling at a frequency band center. 11. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the first coupled section, the second coupled section, and the third coupled section are identical. 12. The directional coupler of claim 11, wherein the delay section has an electrical length of zero degrees. 13. The directional coupler of claim 11, wherein the second and third coupled sections have the same even and odd impedances and the same electrical length as the first coupled section. 14. The directional coupler of claim 11, wherein the directional coupler has a return loss of at least 15 dB and a directivity of at least 15 dB. 15. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the first coupled transmission line of one or more of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, or the third coupled section comprises a first pair of inter-digitally connected coupled lines. 16. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the second coupled transmission line of one or more of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, or the third coupled section comprises a second pair of inter-digitally connected coupled lines. 17. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the first coupled transmission line of one or more of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, or the third coupled section comprises equivalent lump elements. 18. The directional coupler of claim 1, wherein the second coupled transmission line of one or more of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, or the third coupled section comprises equivalent lump elements. 19. A multi-section coupler comprises a first coupling structure between the directional coupler of claim 1 and the input port. 20. The multi-section coupler of claim 19, further comprising a second coupling structure between the directional coupler and the output port. 21. A method of forming a directional coupler, the method comprising forming a stack comprising:
a top ground layer comprising a first plurality of vias over the fourth layer; a first layer comprising a first portion of a second coupled section, a delay section, and a first plurality of conductive pads under the top ground layer; a second layer comprising a second portion of the second coupled section and a second plurality of conductive pads under the first layer; a middle ground layer comprising a second plurality of vias under the second layer; a third layer comprising a first portion of first and third coupled sections and a third plurality of conductive pads under the middle ground layer; a fourth layer comprising a second portion of the first and third coupled sections, and a fourth plurality of conductive pads under the third layer, wherein one or more of the first and second pluralities of conductive pads of the second coupled section are coupled to one or more of the third and fourth pluralities of conductive pads through the second plurality of vias of the middle ground layer; a bottom ground layer comprising metal patches and a fifth plurality of conductive pads under the fourth layer, wherein the metal patches and the fifth plurality of conductive pads of the bottom ground layer are coupled to one or more of the first plurality of vias of the top ground layer through one or more of the second plurality of vias of the middle ground layer; and a bottom layer comprising a plurality of mounting pads under the bottom ground layer, wherein the plurality of mounting pads are connected to one or more of the metal patches of the bottom ground layer, wherein a total electrical length of the first coupled section, the second coupled section, the third coupled section, and the delay section is about 90 degrees. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the plurality of mounting pads are coupled to one or more of the metal patches of the bottom ground layer by one or more of a plurality of blind vias coupled between the bottom ground layer and the bottom layer. | 3,600 |
347,046 | 16,805,528 | 3,629 | An intra prediction method and a device using the intra prediction method are provided. The intra prediction method includes the steps of: deriving a current prediction mode as a prediction mode of a current block; constructing neighboring samples of the current block with available reference samples; filtering the available reference samples; and generating predicted samples of the current block on the basis of the filtered available reference samples. The filtering step includes performing the filtering using the available reference sample located in the prediction direction of the current prediction mode and a predetermined number of available reference samples neighboring to the prediction direction of the current prediction mode. | 1-16. (canceled) 17. An image encoding method using intra prediction, by an encoding apparatus, the method comprising:
determining an intra prediction mode of a current block, wherein the intra prediction mode is determined as a directional prediction mode from intra prediction modes including 33 directional prediction modes and at least one non-directional prediction mode; deriving neighboring reference samples of the current block; performing filtering on at least one of the reference samples; generating a prediction sample of the current block based on a filtered reference sample; and encoding image information including prediction mode information indicating the intra prediction mode of the current block, wherein the filtered reference sample is filtered by using a first reference sample located in a prediction direction of the intra prediction mode with regard to a location of the prediction sample and reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample, and wherein the reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample including a second reference sample located on a right side of the first reference sample and a third reference sample located on a left side of the first reference sample is derived based on a location of the first reference sample. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a filtering coefficient for the first reference sample is greater than filtering coefficients for the reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the filtered reference sample is filtered by applying a 3-tap filter with a filtering coefficient of [1 2 1] to the first reference sample. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the intra prediction mode is a prediction mode having an up-left diagonal prediction direction. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the intra prediction mode is a prediction mode having a down-left diagonal prediction direction. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein it is determined whether the filtering is performed depending on a size and the intra prediction mode of the current block. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein when it is determined that the filtering is not performed, the prediction sample is generated based on the first reference sample, and
wherein a smoothing process using 2-tap coefficients is performed on the first reference sample. 24. An encoding apparatus, comprising:
a prediction module configured to determine an intra prediction mode of a current block, wherein the intra prediction mode is determined as a directional prediction mode from intra prediction modes including 33 directional prediction modes and at least one non-directional prediction mode, derive neighboring reference samples of the current block, perform filtering on at least one of the reference samples, generate a prediction sample of the current block based on a filtered reference sample; and an encoding module configured to encode image information including prediction mode information indicating the intra prediction mode of the current block, wherein the filtered reference sample is filtered by using a first reference sample located in a prediction direction of the intra prediction mode with regard to a location of the prediction sample and reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample, and wherein the reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample including a second reference sample located on a right side of the first reference sample and a third reference sample located on a left side of the first reference sample is derived based on a location of the first reference sample. 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing image information, the image information, when executed, causing a decoding apparatus to perform the following steps:
determining an intra prediction mode of a current block based on the image information, wherein the intra prediction mode is determined as a directional prediction mode from intra prediction modes including 33 directional prediction modes and at least one non-directional prediction mode; deriving neighboring reference samples of the current block; performing filtering on at least one of the reference samples; generating a prediction sample of the current block based on a filtered reference sample; deriving a residual sample of the current block based on the image information; and generating a reconstructed picture based on the prediction sample and the residual sample, wherein the filtered reference sample is filtered by using a first reference sample located in a prediction direction of the intra prediction mode with regard to a location of the prediction sample and reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample, and wherein the reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample including a second reference sample located on a right side of the first reference sample and a third reference sample located on a left side of the first reference sample is derived based on a location of the first reference sample. | An intra prediction method and a device using the intra prediction method are provided. The intra prediction method includes the steps of: deriving a current prediction mode as a prediction mode of a current block; constructing neighboring samples of the current block with available reference samples; filtering the available reference samples; and generating predicted samples of the current block on the basis of the filtered available reference samples. The filtering step includes performing the filtering using the available reference sample located in the prediction direction of the current prediction mode and a predetermined number of available reference samples neighboring to the prediction direction of the current prediction mode.1-16. (canceled) 17. An image encoding method using intra prediction, by an encoding apparatus, the method comprising:
determining an intra prediction mode of a current block, wherein the intra prediction mode is determined as a directional prediction mode from intra prediction modes including 33 directional prediction modes and at least one non-directional prediction mode; deriving neighboring reference samples of the current block; performing filtering on at least one of the reference samples; generating a prediction sample of the current block based on a filtered reference sample; and encoding image information including prediction mode information indicating the intra prediction mode of the current block, wherein the filtered reference sample is filtered by using a first reference sample located in a prediction direction of the intra prediction mode with regard to a location of the prediction sample and reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample, and wherein the reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample including a second reference sample located on a right side of the first reference sample and a third reference sample located on a left side of the first reference sample is derived based on a location of the first reference sample. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a filtering coefficient for the first reference sample is greater than filtering coefficients for the reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the filtered reference sample is filtered by applying a 3-tap filter with a filtering coefficient of [1 2 1] to the first reference sample. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the intra prediction mode is a prediction mode having an up-left diagonal prediction direction. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the intra prediction mode is a prediction mode having a down-left diagonal prediction direction. 22. The method of claim 17, wherein it is determined whether the filtering is performed depending on a size and the intra prediction mode of the current block. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein when it is determined that the filtering is not performed, the prediction sample is generated based on the first reference sample, and
wherein a smoothing process using 2-tap coefficients is performed on the first reference sample. 24. An encoding apparatus, comprising:
a prediction module configured to determine an intra prediction mode of a current block, wherein the intra prediction mode is determined as a directional prediction mode from intra prediction modes including 33 directional prediction modes and at least one non-directional prediction mode, derive neighboring reference samples of the current block, perform filtering on at least one of the reference samples, generate a prediction sample of the current block based on a filtered reference sample; and an encoding module configured to encode image information including prediction mode information indicating the intra prediction mode of the current block, wherein the filtered reference sample is filtered by using a first reference sample located in a prediction direction of the intra prediction mode with regard to a location of the prediction sample and reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample, and wherein the reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample including a second reference sample located on a right side of the first reference sample and a third reference sample located on a left side of the first reference sample is derived based on a location of the first reference sample. 25. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing image information, the image information, when executed, causing a decoding apparatus to perform the following steps:
determining an intra prediction mode of a current block based on the image information, wherein the intra prediction mode is determined as a directional prediction mode from intra prediction modes including 33 directional prediction modes and at least one non-directional prediction mode; deriving neighboring reference samples of the current block; performing filtering on at least one of the reference samples; generating a prediction sample of the current block based on a filtered reference sample; deriving a residual sample of the current block based on the image information; and generating a reconstructed picture based on the prediction sample and the residual sample, wherein the filtered reference sample is filtered by using a first reference sample located in a prediction direction of the intra prediction mode with regard to a location of the prediction sample and reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample, and wherein the reference samples adjacent to the first reference sample including a second reference sample located on a right side of the first reference sample and a third reference sample located on a left side of the first reference sample is derived based on a location of the first reference sample. | 3,600 |
347,047 | 16,805,553 | 2,167 | A device may receive, from a source device, original time series data to be stored in a data structure associated with the device, and may sort the original time series data to generate sorted time series data. The device may identify an index for the original time series data based on the sorted time series data. The device may process the sorted time series data, with a regression model, to generate compressed time series data and parameters associated with the compressed time series data. The device may encode the index to generate an encoded index, and may store the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters in the data structure. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a device and from a source device, original time series data to be stored in a data structure associated with the device; sorting, by the device, the original time series data to generate sorted time series data; identifying, by the device, an index for the original time series data based on the sorted time series data; processing, by the device, the sorted time series data, with a regression model, to generate compressed time series data and parameters associated with the compressed time series data; encoding, by the device, the index to generate an encoded index; and storing, by the device, the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters in the data structure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein sorting the original time series data to generate the sorted time series data comprises:
sorting the original time series data such that at least a portion of the sorted time series data is no longer in time series order. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the regression model includes one of:
a polynomial regression model, a linear regression model, or an exponential regression model. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters associated with the compressed time series data include one or more of:
one or more betas associated with the compressed time series data, or one or more degrees associated with the compressed time series data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the sorted time series data with a regression model includes applying a machine learning model to select at least one of an appropriate regression model and associated parameters. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request for the original time series data; retrieving the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters from the data structure based on the request; generating an approximation of the sorted time series data based on the compressed time series data and the parameters; decoding the encoded index to recreate the index; and applying the index to the approximation of the sorted time series data to generate an approximation of the original time series data. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining differences data between the original time series data and the compressed time series data; and storing the differences data in the data structure associated with the compressed time series data. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving a request for the original time series data; retrieving the encoded index, the compressed time series data, the parameters and the differences data from the data structure based on the request; generating an approximation of the sorted time series data based on the compressed time series data and the parameters; applying the differences data to the approximation of the sorted time series data to generate the sorted time series data; decoding the encoded index to recreate the index; and applying the index to the sorted time series data to generate the original time series data. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
subsequent to storing the differences data, discarding the differences data while retaining the compressed time series data. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the index includes applying a binary encoding process to the index, and wherein the binary encoding process includes:
a. reading an index value from the front of index; b. encoding the index value as a binary value with a bit size as large as would be needed to represent the largest index value in the index; c. appending the encoded index value to the end of the encoded index; d. removing the index value from the index, and subtracting one from any index value remaining in the index that is larger than the index value; and e. repeating steps a-d until all index values in the index have been processed. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive, from a source device, original time series data to be stored in a data structure associated with the device;
sort the original time series data to generate sorted time series data;
identify an index for the original time series data based on the sorted time series data;
process the sorted time series data, with a regression model, to generate compressed time series data and parameters associated with the compressed time series data;
encode the index to generate an encoded index; and
store the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters in the data structure. 12. A device, comprising:
one or more memories; and one or more processors, communicatively coupled to the one or more memories, configured to:
receive, from a source device, original time series data to be stored in a data structure;
sort the original time series data to generate sorted time series data;
identify an index for the original time series data based on the sorted time series data;
process the sorted time series data, with a regression model, to generate compressed time series data and parameters associated with the compressed time series data;
encode the index to generate an encoded index;
store the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters in the data structure. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the sorted time series data includes at least a portion of the sorted time series data that is no longer in time series order. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the regression model includes one of:
a polynomial regression model, a linear regression model, or an exponential regression model. 15. The device of claim 11, wherein the parameters associated with the compressed time series data include one or more of:
one or more betas associated with the compressed time series data, or one or more degrees associated with the compressed time series data. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
process the time series data using a machine learning model to select at least one of an appropriate regression model and associated parameters. 17. The device of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive, from a requesting device, a request for the original time series data; retrieve the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters from the data structure based on the request; generate an approximation of the sorted time series data based on the compressed time series data and the parameters; decode the encoded index to generate the index; and apply the index to the approximation of the sorted time series data to generate an approximation of the original time series data. 18. The device of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine differences data between the original time series data and the compressed time series data; and store the differences data in the data structure associated with the compressed time series data. 19. The device of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a request for the original time series data; retrieve the encoded index, the compressed time series data, the parameters and the differences data from the data structure based on the request; generate an approximation of the sorted time series data based on the compressed time series data and the parameters; apply the differences data to the approximation of the sorted time series data to recreate the original time series data; decode the encoded index to recreate the index; and apply the index to the sorted time series data to generate the original time series data. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
subsequent to storing the differences data, discarding the differences data while retaining the compressed time series data. | A device may receive, from a source device, original time series data to be stored in a data structure associated with the device, and may sort the original time series data to generate sorted time series data. The device may identify an index for the original time series data based on the sorted time series data. The device may process the sorted time series data, with a regression model, to generate compressed time series data and parameters associated with the compressed time series data. The device may encode the index to generate an encoded index, and may store the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters in the data structure.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a device and from a source device, original time series data to be stored in a data structure associated with the device; sorting, by the device, the original time series data to generate sorted time series data; identifying, by the device, an index for the original time series data based on the sorted time series data; processing, by the device, the sorted time series data, with a regression model, to generate compressed time series data and parameters associated with the compressed time series data; encoding, by the device, the index to generate an encoded index; and storing, by the device, the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters in the data structure. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein sorting the original time series data to generate the sorted time series data comprises:
sorting the original time series data such that at least a portion of the sorted time series data is no longer in time series order. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the regression model includes one of:
a polynomial regression model, a linear regression model, or an exponential regression model. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters associated with the compressed time series data include one or more of:
one or more betas associated with the compressed time series data, or one or more degrees associated with the compressed time series data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the sorted time series data with a regression model includes applying a machine learning model to select at least one of an appropriate regression model and associated parameters. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request for the original time series data; retrieving the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters from the data structure based on the request; generating an approximation of the sorted time series data based on the compressed time series data and the parameters; decoding the encoded index to recreate the index; and applying the index to the approximation of the sorted time series data to generate an approximation of the original time series data. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining differences data between the original time series data and the compressed time series data; and storing the differences data in the data structure associated with the compressed time series data. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
receiving a request for the original time series data; retrieving the encoded index, the compressed time series data, the parameters and the differences data from the data structure based on the request; generating an approximation of the sorted time series data based on the compressed time series data and the parameters; applying the differences data to the approximation of the sorted time series data to generate the sorted time series data; decoding the encoded index to recreate the index; and applying the index to the sorted time series data to generate the original time series data. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
subsequent to storing the differences data, discarding the differences data while retaining the compressed time series data. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein encoding the index includes applying a binary encoding process to the index, and wherein the binary encoding process includes:
a. reading an index value from the front of index; b. encoding the index value as a binary value with a bit size as large as would be needed to represent the largest index value in the index; c. appending the encoded index value to the end of the encoded index; d. removing the index value from the index, and subtracting one from any index value remaining in the index that is larger than the index value; and e. repeating steps a-d until all index values in the index have been processed. 11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions, the instructions comprising:
one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to:
receive, from a source device, original time series data to be stored in a data structure associated with the device;
sort the original time series data to generate sorted time series data;
identify an index for the original time series data based on the sorted time series data;
process the sorted time series data, with a regression model, to generate compressed time series data and parameters associated with the compressed time series data;
encode the index to generate an encoded index; and
store the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters in the data structure. 12. A device, comprising:
one or more memories; and one or more processors, communicatively coupled to the one or more memories, configured to:
receive, from a source device, original time series data to be stored in a data structure;
sort the original time series data to generate sorted time series data;
identify an index for the original time series data based on the sorted time series data;
process the sorted time series data, with a regression model, to generate compressed time series data and parameters associated with the compressed time series data;
encode the index to generate an encoded index;
store the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters in the data structure. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the sorted time series data includes at least a portion of the sorted time series data that is no longer in time series order. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the regression model includes one of:
a polynomial regression model, a linear regression model, or an exponential regression model. 15. The device of claim 11, wherein the parameters associated with the compressed time series data include one or more of:
one or more betas associated with the compressed time series data, or one or more degrees associated with the compressed time series data. 16. The device of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
process the time series data using a machine learning model to select at least one of an appropriate regression model and associated parameters. 17. The device of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive, from a requesting device, a request for the original time series data; retrieve the encoded index, the compressed time series data, and the parameters from the data structure based on the request; generate an approximation of the sorted time series data based on the compressed time series data and the parameters; decode the encoded index to generate the index; and apply the index to the approximation of the sorted time series data to generate an approximation of the original time series data. 18. The device of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
determine differences data between the original time series data and the compressed time series data; and store the differences data in the data structure associated with the compressed time series data. 19. The device of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a request for the original time series data; retrieve the encoded index, the compressed time series data, the parameters and the differences data from the data structure based on the request; generate an approximation of the sorted time series data based on the compressed time series data and the parameters; apply the differences data to the approximation of the sorted time series data to recreate the original time series data; decode the encoded index to recreate the index; and apply the index to the sorted time series data to generate the original time series data. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
subsequent to storing the differences data, discarding the differences data while retaining the compressed time series data. | 2,100 |
347,048 | 16,805,560 | 2,167 | The present invention provides methods, processes, and systems for the manufacture of three-dimensional articles made of polymers using 3D printing. A layer of prepolymer is deposited on a build plate to form a powder bed. Then, solutions of first and/or second binding agents are printed on the powder bed in a predetermined pattern. After a predetermined period of time, sequential layers are printed to provide the three-dimensional article. The removable binding agent is then removed. The removable binding agent may be solubilized polyetheretherketone. Examples of solubilized polyetheretherketone include, but are not limited to, sulfonated polyetheretherketone and/or nitrated polyetheretherketone. The three-dimensional object can be cured to produce the three-dimensional article composed of the final polymers. | 1. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional article, the method comprising:
(a) depositing a powder on a build plate to form a powder bed; (b) printing, at selected locations on the powder bed, a solution of: a first binding agent; and/or a second binding agent; (c) exposing the first binding agent to a stimulus to form a polymer layer; repeating steps (a)-(c) to manufacture the remainder of the three-dimensional article; and removing the second binding agent; wherein the first and second binding agents are each printed at least once; wherein the first and second binding agents are printed at different selected locations on the power bed; and wherein the second binding agent comprises a solubilized polyetheretherketone. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solubilized polyetheretherketone is sulfonated polyetheretherketone and or nitrated polyetheretherketone. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein particles bound by the second binding agent provide physical support to selected locations bound by the first binding agent. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second binding agents are applied to the powder bed simultaneously. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein stimulus comprises heat, light, oxidation, acid catalysis, base catalysis, transition metal catalysis, or combination thereof. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing the second binding agent releases powder previously bound by the second binding agent. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the removing the second binding agent comprises exposing the second binding agent to a removal stimulus. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the removal stimulus is a solvent. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the solvent is an aqueous and/or alcohol solvent. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is selected from the group consisting of prepolymers, polymers, ceramics, metals, and plastics. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first binding agent is selected from the group consisting of prepolymers, polymers, copolymers, block copolymers, and plastics. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second binding agents are the same. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first binding agent is heated to a temperature of between 200° C. and 400° C. 14. A system for printing a three-dimensional article, the system comprising:
a depositing mechanism to depose a powder layer on a build plate; one or more printing mechanisms to print first and second binding agents at selected locations; and a stimulus mechanism to provide a stimulus to a printed binding agent; and a printing controller to repeat the printing mechanism to print the first and second binding agents on a powder layer exposed to a stimulus at a predetermined condition; wherein the second binding agent comprises solubilized polyetheretherketone. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the solubilized polyetheretherketone is sulfonated polyetheretherketone and/or nitrated polyetheretherketone. | The present invention provides methods, processes, and systems for the manufacture of three-dimensional articles made of polymers using 3D printing. A layer of prepolymer is deposited on a build plate to form a powder bed. Then, solutions of first and/or second binding agents are printed on the powder bed in a predetermined pattern. After a predetermined period of time, sequential layers are printed to provide the three-dimensional article. The removable binding agent is then removed. The removable binding agent may be solubilized polyetheretherketone. Examples of solubilized polyetheretherketone include, but are not limited to, sulfonated polyetheretherketone and/or nitrated polyetheretherketone. The three-dimensional object can be cured to produce the three-dimensional article composed of the final polymers.1. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional article, the method comprising:
(a) depositing a powder on a build plate to form a powder bed; (b) printing, at selected locations on the powder bed, a solution of: a first binding agent; and/or a second binding agent; (c) exposing the first binding agent to a stimulus to form a polymer layer; repeating steps (a)-(c) to manufacture the remainder of the three-dimensional article; and removing the second binding agent; wherein the first and second binding agents are each printed at least once; wherein the first and second binding agents are printed at different selected locations on the power bed; and wherein the second binding agent comprises a solubilized polyetheretherketone. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the solubilized polyetheretherketone is sulfonated polyetheretherketone and or nitrated polyetheretherketone. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein particles bound by the second binding agent provide physical support to selected locations bound by the first binding agent. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second binding agents are applied to the powder bed simultaneously. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein stimulus comprises heat, light, oxidation, acid catalysis, base catalysis, transition metal catalysis, or combination thereof. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein removing the second binding agent releases powder previously bound by the second binding agent. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the removing the second binding agent comprises exposing the second binding agent to a removal stimulus. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the removal stimulus is a solvent. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the solvent is an aqueous and/or alcohol solvent. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the powder is selected from the group consisting of prepolymers, polymers, ceramics, metals, and plastics. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first binding agent is selected from the group consisting of prepolymers, polymers, copolymers, block copolymers, and plastics. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second binding agents are the same. 13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the first binding agent is heated to a temperature of between 200° C. and 400° C. 14. A system for printing a three-dimensional article, the system comprising:
a depositing mechanism to depose a powder layer on a build plate; one or more printing mechanisms to print first and second binding agents at selected locations; and a stimulus mechanism to provide a stimulus to a printed binding agent; and a printing controller to repeat the printing mechanism to print the first and second binding agents on a powder layer exposed to a stimulus at a predetermined condition; wherein the second binding agent comprises solubilized polyetheretherketone. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the solubilized polyetheretherketone is sulfonated polyetheretherketone and/or nitrated polyetheretherketone. | 2,100 |
347,049 | 16,805,554 | 3,711 | Embodiments of golf club heads comprising a nanocomposite to attenuate sound of the club head are described herein. The nanocomposite comprises graphene and a polymer. The graphene can be in the form of a powder, where the graphene is suspended within the polymer. The nanocomposite can be disposed within an interior surface of the club head. The nanocomposite can be applied to selected portions of the club head such as behind the strike face. The nanocomposite comprising graphene and the polymer can provide an alternative filler material over homogenous materials to attenuate the sound to provide a pleasing sound and feel to a golfer. | 1. A golf club head comprising:
a strike face; a top rail; a sole; a toe end; a heel end; and a rear opposite the strike face; wherein the strike face, the top rail, the sole, the toe end, the heel end, and the rear together form a cavity; wherein the cavity is at least partially filled with a nanocomposite; wherein the nanocomposite comprises a graphene powder and a polymer; and wherein the nanocomposite fills less than 50% of a volume of the cavity. 2. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the nanocomposite fills less than 40% of the volume of the cavity. 3. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the nanocomposite is disposed on a region of the strike face selected from the group consisting of a top region, a bottom region, a heel region, a toe region, and a center region. 4. The golf club head of claim 3, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a thickness; wherein the thickness of the nanocomposite is less than 50% of a thickness of the strike face. 5. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a mass ranging from 5 to 12 grams. 6. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a hardness of less than or equal to Shore A 50. 7. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the polymer is a polyurethane. 8. A golf club head comprising:
a strike face; a top rail; a sole; a toe end; a heel end; and a rear opposite the strike face; wherein the strike face, the top rail, the sole, the toe end, the heel end, and the rear together form a cavity; wherein the cavity is at least partially filled with a nanocomposite; wherein the nanocomposite is disposed on an interior surface of the strike face; wherein the nanocomposite is disposed on a region of the strike face selected from the group consisting of a top region, a bottom region, a heel region, a toe region, and a center region; wherein the nanocomposite comprises a graphene powder and a polymer. 9. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a density ranging from 0.8 g/cc to 2.0 g·cc. 10. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a mass ranging from 5 to 12 grams. 11. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a hardness of less than or equal to Shore A 50. 12. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the polymer is a polyurethane. 13. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the graphene powder comprises a plurality of flakes; wherein the plurality of flakes comprise an average size of approximately 40 micrometers. 14. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a thickness; wherein the thickness of the nanocomposite is less than 50% of a thickness of the strike face. 15. A golf club head comprising:
a volume greater than 400 cc; a strike face; a crown; a sole; a toe; a heel; and a rear opposite the strike face; wherein the strike face, the crown, the sole, the toe, the heel, and the rear together form a cavity; wherein the cavity is at least partially filled with a nanocomposite; wherein the nanocomposite is disposed on an interior surface of the club head; wherein the nanocomposite is disposed on the interior surface of the club head selected from the group consisting of the strike face, the crown, the sole, the toe, the heel, and the rear; and wherein the nanocomposite comprises a graphene powder and a polymer. 16. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the nanocomposite fills less than 50% of a volume of the cavity. 17. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a density ranging from 0.8 g/cc to 2.0 g·cc. 18. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a hardness of less than or equal to Shore A 50. 19. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the polymer is a polyurethane. 20. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the graphene powder comprises a plurality of flakes; wherein the plurality of flakes comprise an average size of approximately 40 micrometers. | Embodiments of golf club heads comprising a nanocomposite to attenuate sound of the club head are described herein. The nanocomposite comprises graphene and a polymer. The graphene can be in the form of a powder, where the graphene is suspended within the polymer. The nanocomposite can be disposed within an interior surface of the club head. The nanocomposite can be applied to selected portions of the club head such as behind the strike face. The nanocomposite comprising graphene and the polymer can provide an alternative filler material over homogenous materials to attenuate the sound to provide a pleasing sound and feel to a golfer.1. A golf club head comprising:
a strike face; a top rail; a sole; a toe end; a heel end; and a rear opposite the strike face; wherein the strike face, the top rail, the sole, the toe end, the heel end, and the rear together form a cavity; wherein the cavity is at least partially filled with a nanocomposite; wherein the nanocomposite comprises a graphene powder and a polymer; and wherein the nanocomposite fills less than 50% of a volume of the cavity. 2. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the nanocomposite fills less than 40% of the volume of the cavity. 3. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the nanocomposite is disposed on a region of the strike face selected from the group consisting of a top region, a bottom region, a heel region, a toe region, and a center region. 4. The golf club head of claim 3, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a thickness; wherein the thickness of the nanocomposite is less than 50% of a thickness of the strike face. 5. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a mass ranging from 5 to 12 grams. 6. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a hardness of less than or equal to Shore A 50. 7. The golf club head of claim 1, wherein the polymer is a polyurethane. 8. A golf club head comprising:
a strike face; a top rail; a sole; a toe end; a heel end; and a rear opposite the strike face; wherein the strike face, the top rail, the sole, the toe end, the heel end, and the rear together form a cavity; wherein the cavity is at least partially filled with a nanocomposite; wherein the nanocomposite is disposed on an interior surface of the strike face; wherein the nanocomposite is disposed on a region of the strike face selected from the group consisting of a top region, a bottom region, a heel region, a toe region, and a center region; wherein the nanocomposite comprises a graphene powder and a polymer. 9. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a density ranging from 0.8 g/cc to 2.0 g·cc. 10. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a mass ranging from 5 to 12 grams. 11. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a hardness of less than or equal to Shore A 50. 12. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the polymer is a polyurethane. 13. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the graphene powder comprises a plurality of flakes; wherein the plurality of flakes comprise an average size of approximately 40 micrometers. 14. The golf club head of claim 8, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a thickness; wherein the thickness of the nanocomposite is less than 50% of a thickness of the strike face. 15. A golf club head comprising:
a volume greater than 400 cc; a strike face; a crown; a sole; a toe; a heel; and a rear opposite the strike face; wherein the strike face, the crown, the sole, the toe, the heel, and the rear together form a cavity; wherein the cavity is at least partially filled with a nanocomposite; wherein the nanocomposite is disposed on an interior surface of the club head; wherein the nanocomposite is disposed on the interior surface of the club head selected from the group consisting of the strike face, the crown, the sole, the toe, the heel, and the rear; and wherein the nanocomposite comprises a graphene powder and a polymer. 16. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the nanocomposite fills less than 50% of a volume of the cavity. 17. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a density ranging from 0.8 g/cc to 2.0 g·cc. 18. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the nanocomposite comprises a hardness of less than or equal to Shore A 50. 19. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the polymer is a polyurethane. 20. The golf club head of claim 15, wherein the graphene powder comprises a plurality of flakes; wherein the plurality of flakes comprise an average size of approximately 40 micrometers. | 3,700 |
347,050 | 16,805,548 | 3,632 | The present disclosure is a post mount that has a fence post with a protrusion that expands a length of the fence post. Further, the post mount has a support stud that has one or more openings for receiving one or more fasteners and slot originating at a bottom of the support stud and terminating before the top of the support stud. The slot goes through the support stud from a front of the support stud and opening in a back of the support stud. The slot receives the protrusion. | 1. A post mount, comprising:
a fence post having a protrusion that extends a length of the fence post; and a support stud comprising one or more openings for receiving one or more fasteners and comprising an implement attached to a top face portion of the support stud, the support stud further comprising a slot for slidably receiving the protrusion of the fence post, the slot opening at a bottom of the support stud and extending longitudinally vertically and terminating roughly midway along the support stud, the slot going through the support stud from a front of the support stud and opening in a back of the support stud and configured to allow a top of the protrusion to be seated against the termination of the slot when the support stud is installed on the top of the fence post. 2. The post mount of claim 1, wherein the fence post is a t-post. 3. The post mount of claim 2, wherein the protrusion is a spine that extends the length of the fence post. 4. The post mount of claim 3, wherein the fence post comprises wings extending at a ninety-degree angle from the protrusion. 5. The post mount of claim 4, wherein the slot receives the spine. 6. The post mount of claim 1, wherein one or more fasteners coupled the support stud to the protrusion. 7. The post mount of claim 1, wherein the support stud comprises a flat surface above the slot. 8. The post mount of claim 7, wherein an implement is coupled to the flat surface of the support stud. 9. The post mount of claim 8, wherein the implement is a birdhouse. 10. The post mount of claim 1, further comprising fasteners that fit into the one or more openings of the support stud. 11. The post mount of claim 10, wherein the fasteners are wire ties. 12. The post mount of claim 1, wherein the support stud is coupled to a birdhouse via the one or more fasteners. 13. The post mount of claim 12, wherein the birdhouse comprises an opening on the underside of the birdhouse defined by a floor in the birdhouse. 14. The post mount of claim 13, wherein the opening is square. 15. The post mount of claim 13, wherein the opening is rectangular. 16. The post mount of claim 13, wherein a hollow tubing is inserted in the opening on the underside of the birdhouse. 17. The post mount of claim 16, wherein the hollow tube extends downwardly to or past the support stud. | The present disclosure is a post mount that has a fence post with a protrusion that expands a length of the fence post. Further, the post mount has a support stud that has one or more openings for receiving one or more fasteners and slot originating at a bottom of the support stud and terminating before the top of the support stud. The slot goes through the support stud from a front of the support stud and opening in a back of the support stud. The slot receives the protrusion.1. A post mount, comprising:
a fence post having a protrusion that extends a length of the fence post; and a support stud comprising one or more openings for receiving one or more fasteners and comprising an implement attached to a top face portion of the support stud, the support stud further comprising a slot for slidably receiving the protrusion of the fence post, the slot opening at a bottom of the support stud and extending longitudinally vertically and terminating roughly midway along the support stud, the slot going through the support stud from a front of the support stud and opening in a back of the support stud and configured to allow a top of the protrusion to be seated against the termination of the slot when the support stud is installed on the top of the fence post. 2. The post mount of claim 1, wherein the fence post is a t-post. 3. The post mount of claim 2, wherein the protrusion is a spine that extends the length of the fence post. 4. The post mount of claim 3, wherein the fence post comprises wings extending at a ninety-degree angle from the protrusion. 5. The post mount of claim 4, wherein the slot receives the spine. 6. The post mount of claim 1, wherein one or more fasteners coupled the support stud to the protrusion. 7. The post mount of claim 1, wherein the support stud comprises a flat surface above the slot. 8. The post mount of claim 7, wherein an implement is coupled to the flat surface of the support stud. 9. The post mount of claim 8, wherein the implement is a birdhouse. 10. The post mount of claim 1, further comprising fasteners that fit into the one or more openings of the support stud. 11. The post mount of claim 10, wherein the fasteners are wire ties. 12. The post mount of claim 1, wherein the support stud is coupled to a birdhouse via the one or more fasteners. 13. The post mount of claim 12, wherein the birdhouse comprises an opening on the underside of the birdhouse defined by a floor in the birdhouse. 14. The post mount of claim 13, wherein the opening is square. 15. The post mount of claim 13, wherein the opening is rectangular. 16. The post mount of claim 13, wherein a hollow tubing is inserted in the opening on the underside of the birdhouse. 17. The post mount of claim 16, wherein the hollow tube extends downwardly to or past the support stud. | 3,600 |
347,051 | 16,805,524 | 3,632 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive a transmission comprising an indication of at least one failed code block group in a plurality of code block groups, wherein a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks, re-assign code blocks to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the at least one failed code block group (CBG) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB), and configure a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). | 1. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
receiving a transmission comprising an indication of a failed decoding for at least one code block group (CBG) of a plurality of code block groups (CBGs), wherien a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks (CBs); re-assigning code blocks (CBs) to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the failed code block groups (CBGs) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and configuring a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating HARQ feedback for the plurality of CBGs. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the re-assigning is enabled or disabled based on received RRC signaling. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising scheduling DCI to dynamically enable or disable regrouping code blocks to code block groups. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the size of the DCI is predetermined. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising assigning additional HARQ feedback to CBGs comprising at least one failed CB. 7. The method of claim 6, wherien the additional HARQ feedback comprises a NACK, the NACK indicating a CBG comprises at least one CB for which decoding failed. 8. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment, comprising:
receiving a transmission comprising an indication of at least one failed code block group in a plurality of code block groups, wherein a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks; re-assigning code blocks to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the at least one failed code block group (CBG) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and configuring a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the received indication comprises a downlink control indicator. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein subsequent retransmissions comprise fewer code blocks than previous transmissions. 11. A base station, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: receive a transmission comprising an indication of a failed decoding for at least one code block group (CBG) of a plurality of code block groups (CBGs), wherien a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks (CBs); re-assign code blocks (CBs) to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the failed code block groups (CBGs) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and configure a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 12. The base station of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to generate HARQ feedback for the plurality of CBGs. 13. The base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to enable or disable re-assignment of codeblocks based on received RRC signaling. 14. The base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to schedule DCI to dynamically enable or disable regrouping code blocks to code block groups. 15. The base station of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to assign additional HARQ feedback to CBGs comprising at least one failed CB. 16. A user equipment, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: receive a transmission comprising an indication of at least one failed code block group in a plurality of code block groups, wherein a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks; re-assign code blocks to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the at least one failed code block group (CBG) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and configure a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 17. The user equipment of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to receive an indication comprising a downlink control indicator. 18. The user equipment of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to receive subsequent retransmissions comprising fewer code blocks than previous transmissions. 19. A base station, comprising:
means for receiving a transmission comprising an indication of a failed decoding for at least one code block group (CBG) of a plurality of code block groups (CBGs), wherein a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks (CBs); means for re-assigning code blocks (CBs) to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the failed code block groups (CBGs) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and means for configuring a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 20. A user equipment, comprising:
means for receiving a transmission comprising an indication of at least one failed code block group in a plurality of code block groups, wherein a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks; means for re-assigning code blocks to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the at least one failed code block group (CBG) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and means for configuring a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 21. The method of claim 6, wherein the assigning is based on UE capability and is further controlled by RRC signaling. 22. The method of claim 7, further comprising an ACK for CBG without a failed CB | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive a transmission comprising an indication of at least one failed code block group in a plurality of code block groups, wherein a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks, re-assign code blocks to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the at least one failed code block group (CBG) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB), and configure a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs).1. A method for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
receiving a transmission comprising an indication of a failed decoding for at least one code block group (CBG) of a plurality of code block groups (CBGs), wherien a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks (CBs); re-assigning code blocks (CBs) to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the failed code block groups (CBGs) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and configuring a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating HARQ feedback for the plurality of CBGs. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the re-assigning is enabled or disabled based on received RRC signaling. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising scheduling DCI to dynamically enable or disable regrouping code blocks to code block groups. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the size of the DCI is predetermined. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising assigning additional HARQ feedback to CBGs comprising at least one failed CB. 7. The method of claim 6, wherien the additional HARQ feedback comprises a NACK, the NACK indicating a CBG comprises at least one CB for which decoding failed. 8. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment, comprising:
receiving a transmission comprising an indication of at least one failed code block group in a plurality of code block groups, wherein a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks; re-assigning code blocks to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the at least one failed code block group (CBG) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and configuring a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the received indication comprises a downlink control indicator. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein subsequent retransmissions comprise fewer code blocks than previous transmissions. 11. A base station, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: receive a transmission comprising an indication of a failed decoding for at least one code block group (CBG) of a plurality of code block groups (CBGs), wherien a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks (CBs); re-assign code blocks (CBs) to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the failed code block groups (CBGs) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and configure a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 12. The base station of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to generate HARQ feedback for the plurality of CBGs. 13. The base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to enable or disable re-assignment of codeblocks based on received RRC signaling. 14. The base station of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to schedule DCI to dynamically enable or disable regrouping code blocks to code block groups. 15. The base station of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to assign additional HARQ feedback to CBGs comprising at least one failed CB. 16. A user equipment, comprising:
a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor being configured to: receive a transmission comprising an indication of at least one failed code block group in a plurality of code block groups, wherein a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks; re-assign code blocks to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the at least one failed code block group (CBG) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and configure a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 17. The user equipment of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to receive an indication comprising a downlink control indicator. 18. The user equipment of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to receive subsequent retransmissions comprising fewer code blocks than previous transmissions. 19. A base station, comprising:
means for receiving a transmission comprising an indication of a failed decoding for at least one code block group (CBG) of a plurality of code block groups (CBGs), wherein a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks (CBs); means for re-assigning code blocks (CBs) to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the failed code block groups (CBGs) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and means for configuring a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 20. A user equipment, comprising:
means for receiving a transmission comprising an indication of at least one failed code block group in a plurality of code block groups, wherein a code block group comprises a plurality of code blocks; means for re-assigning code blocks to different code block groups (CBGs) according to a total number of code blocks (CBs) across the at least one failed code block group (CBG) and a maximum number of code block groups (CBGs) per a transport block (TB); and means for configuring a retransmission based on the re-assigned code blocks (CBs). 21. The method of claim 6, wherein the assigning is based on UE capability and is further controlled by RRC signaling. 22. The method of claim 7, further comprising an ACK for CBG without a failed CB | 3,600 |
347,052 | 16,805,557 | 3,632 | Methods and formulations for diagnosing metabolic disorders in humans using epimetabolic shifters, multidimensional intracellular molecules or environmental influencers are described. | 1. A method of identifying a subject afflicted with a metabolic disorder in a Coenzyme Q10 responsive state, the method comprising:
(1) detecting the level of expression of at least one marker present in a biological sample obtained from a subject having a metabolic disorder, wherein the at least one marker comprises one or more marker proteins listed in Tables 2-4, 6-29 and 64-69 wherein the subject has been administered Coenzyme Q10; and (2) comparing the level of expression of the at least one marker in the biological sample to the level of expression of the at least one marker present in a control sample, wherein the control sample is a biological sample obtained from the subject prior to administration of Coenzyme Q10, wherein the subject is determined to be afflicted with a metabolic disorder in a Coenzyme Q10 responsive state when the level of expression of the at least one marker in the biological sample is modulated relative to the level of expression of the at least one marker in the control sample. 2-10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is a disorder selected from the group consisting of diabetes, obesity, pre-diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and any key elements of a metabolic disorder. 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample comprises a fluid obtained from the subject. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of blood fluids, vomit, saliva, lymph, and urine. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the sample is a blood sample or a component thereof. 16-17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of expression of the at least one marker in the biological sample is determined by assaying a transcribed polynucleotide or a portion thereof in the sample. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein assaying the transcribed polynucleotide comprises amplifying the transcribed polynucleotide. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of expression of the at least one marker in the subject sample is determined by assaying a protein or a portion thereof in the sample. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one marker is assayed using a detection reagent which specifically binds the marker. 23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the detection reagent is selected from the group consisting of an antibody and an antigen-binding antibody fragment. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of expression of the at least one marker in the sample is determined using a technique selected from the group consisting of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification reaction, reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP), mismatch cleavage detection, heteroduplex analysis, Southern blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, array analysis, deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and combinations or sub-combinations thereof, of said sample. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of expression of the at least one marker in the sample is determined using a technique selected from the group consisting of immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, ELISA and mass spectrometry. 27-34. (canceled) 35. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one marker comprises two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty or fifty of the marker proteins listed in Tables 2-4, 6-29 and 64-69. 36-55. (canceled) 56. The method of claim 1, further comprising continuing administration of Coenzyme Q10 to a subject determined to be afflicted with a metabolic disorder in a Coenzyme Q10 responsive state. | Methods and formulations for diagnosing metabolic disorders in humans using epimetabolic shifters, multidimensional intracellular molecules or environmental influencers are described.1. A method of identifying a subject afflicted with a metabolic disorder in a Coenzyme Q10 responsive state, the method comprising:
(1) detecting the level of expression of at least one marker present in a biological sample obtained from a subject having a metabolic disorder, wherein the at least one marker comprises one or more marker proteins listed in Tables 2-4, 6-29 and 64-69 wherein the subject has been administered Coenzyme Q10; and (2) comparing the level of expression of the at least one marker in the biological sample to the level of expression of the at least one marker present in a control sample, wherein the control sample is a biological sample obtained from the subject prior to administration of Coenzyme Q10, wherein the subject is determined to be afflicted with a metabolic disorder in a Coenzyme Q10 responsive state when the level of expression of the at least one marker in the biological sample is modulated relative to the level of expression of the at least one marker in the control sample. 2-10. (canceled) 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the metabolic disorder is a disorder selected from the group consisting of diabetes, obesity, pre-diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and any key elements of a metabolic disorder. 12. (canceled) 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample comprises a fluid obtained from the subject. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of blood fluids, vomit, saliva, lymph, and urine. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the sample is a blood sample or a component thereof. 16-17. (canceled) 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of expression of the at least one marker in the biological sample is determined by assaying a transcribed polynucleotide or a portion thereof in the sample. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein assaying the transcribed polynucleotide comprises amplifying the transcribed polynucleotide. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of expression of the at least one marker in the subject sample is determined by assaying a protein or a portion thereof in the sample. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one marker is assayed using a detection reagent which specifically binds the marker. 23. (canceled) 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the detection reagent is selected from the group consisting of an antibody and an antigen-binding antibody fragment. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of expression of the at least one marker in the sample is determined using a technique selected from the group consisting of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification reaction, reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP), mismatch cleavage detection, heteroduplex analysis, Southern blot analysis, Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, array analysis, deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and combinations or sub-combinations thereof, of said sample. 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the level of expression of the at least one marker in the sample is determined using a technique selected from the group consisting of immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, ELISA and mass spectrometry. 27-34. (canceled) 35. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one marker comprises two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty or fifty of the marker proteins listed in Tables 2-4, 6-29 and 64-69. 36-55. (canceled) 56. The method of claim 1, further comprising continuing administration of Coenzyme Q10 to a subject determined to be afflicted with a metabolic disorder in a Coenzyme Q10 responsive state. | 3,600 |
347,053 | 16,805,446 | 3,632 | A data encryption device obtains at least one piece of data to be encrypted. The data encryption device calculates, for each particular piece of data of the at least one piece of data, a data-specific key corresponding to the particular piece of data, the data-specific key being calculated based on a prestored root key and a data identifier of the particular piece of data using a one-way function, where the one-way function is such that the root key is not uniquely derivable from the data-specific key using the one-way function. The data encryption device generates encrypted data corresponding to the particular piece of data by encrypting the particular piece of data using the data-specific key corresponding to the piece of data. | 1. A computer-implemented data encryption method, comprising:
obtaining, by a data encryption device, at least one piece of data to be encrypted; calculating, by the data encryption device, for each particular piece of data of the at least one piece of data, a data-specific key corresponding to the particular piece of data, the data-specific key being calculated based on a prestored root key and a data identifier of the particular piece of data using a one-way function, wherein the one-way function is such that the root key is not uniquely derivable from the data-specific key using the one-way function; and generating, by the data encryption device, encrypted data corresponding to the particular piece of data by encrypting the particular piece of data using the data-specific key corresponding to the piece of data. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the particular piece of data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure; for each particular piece of data, the corresponding data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure; and wherein calculating the data-specific key comprises:
calculating, based on the prestored root key and the path, a key corresponding to the leaf node by using the one-way function; and
setting the key corresponding to the leaf node as the data-specific key. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
the path corresponds to a sequence of all nodes from the root node to the leaf node; the prestored root key corresponds to the root node; and calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
setting the root node as an input node;
calculating, by inputting a key corresponding to the input node and path information of a path between a next node and the input node to the one-way function, a key corresponding to the next node, the next node being adjacent to the input node in the sequence of all nodes;
determining whether the next node is the leaf node; and
in response to determining that the next node is the leaf node, setting the key corresponding to the next node as the key corresponding to the leaf node. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
in response to determining that the next node is not the leaf node:
setting the next node as a new input node; and
continuing to calculate a key corresponding to a new next node until the key corresponding to the leaf node is obtained, the new next node being adjacent to the new input node in the sequence of all nodes. 5. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving a data decryption request from a data decryption device, wherein the data decryption request comprises the data identifier; calculating the data-specific key based on the prestored root key and the data identifier by using the one-way function; and sending the data-specific key to the data decryption device, wherein the data decryption device decrypts the encrypted data corresponding to the data identifier based on the data-specific key. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the encrypted data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure, and wherein the data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein:
the path corresponds to a sequence of all nodes from the root node to the leaf node; the prestored root key corresponds to the root node; and calculating the data-specific key comprises:
determining the sequence of all nodes based on the path;
setting the root node as an input node;
calculating, by inputting a key corresponding to the input node and path information of a path between a next node and the input node to the one-way function, a key corresponding to the next node, the next node being adjacent to the input node in the sequence of all nodes;
determining that the next node is the last node in the sequence of all nodes; and
in response to determining that the next node is the last node in the sequence of all nodes, setting the data-specific key as the key corresponding to the next node. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a data encryption device, at least one piece of data to be encrypted; calculating, by the data encryption device, for each particular piece of data of the at least one piece of data, a data-specific key corresponding to the particular piece of data, the data-specific key being calculated based on a prestored root key and a data identifier of the particular piece of data using a one-way function, wherein the one-way function is such that the root key is not uniquely derivable from the data-specific key using the one-way function; and generating, by the data encryption device, encrypted data corresponding to the particular piece of data by encrypting the particular piece of data using the data-specific key corresponding to the piece of data. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein:
the particular piece of data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure; for each particular piece of data, the corresponding data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure; and wherein calculating the data-specific key comprises:
calculating, based on the prestored root key and the path, a key corresponding to the leaf node by using the one-way function; and
setting the key corresponding to the leaf node as the data-specific key. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein:
the path corresponds to a sequence of all nodes from the root node to the leaf node; the prestored root key corresponds to the root node; and calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
setting the root node as an input node;
calculating, by inputting a key corresponding to the input node and path information of a path between a next node and the input node to the one-way function, a key corresponding to the next node, the next node being adjacent to the input node in the sequence of all nodes;
determining whether the next node is the leaf node; and
in response to determining that the next node is the leaf node, setting the key corresponding to the next node as the key corresponding to the leaf node. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
in response to determining that the next node is not the leaf node:
setting the next node as a new input node; and
continuing to calculate a key corresponding to a new next node until the key corresponding to the leaf node is obtained, the new next node being adjacent to the new input node in the sequence of all nodes. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, comprising:
receiving a data decryption request from a data decryption device, wherein the data decryption request comprises the data identifier; calculating the data-specific key based on the prestored root key and the data identifier by using the one-way function; and sending the data-specific key to the data decryption device, wherein the data decryption device decrypts the encrypted data corresponding to the data identifier based on the data-specific key. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 12, wherein the encrypted data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure, and wherein the data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein:
the path corresponds to a sequence of all nodes from the root node to the leaf node; the prestored root key corresponds to the root node; and calculating the data-specific key comprises:
determining the sequence of all nodes based on the path;
setting the root node as an input node;
calculating, by inputting a key corresponding to the input node and path information of a path between a next node and the input node to the one-way function, a key corresponding to the next node, the next node being adjacent to the input node in the sequence of all nodes;
determining that the next node is the last node in the sequence of all nodes; and
in response to determining that the next node is the last node in the sequence of all nodes, setting the data-specific key as the key corresponding to the next node. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining, by a data encryption device, at least one piece of data to be encrypted;
calculating, by the data encryption device, for each particular piece of data of the at least one piece of data, a data-specific key corresponding to the particular piece of data, the data-specific key being calculated based on a prestored root key and a data identifier of the particular piece of data using a one-way function, wherein the one-way function is such that the root key is not uniquely derivable from the data-specific key using the one-way function; and
generating, by the data encryption device, encrypted data corresponding to the particular piece of data by encrypting the particular piece of data using the data-specific key corresponding to the piece of data. 16. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein:
the particular piece of data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure; for each particular piece of data, the corresponding data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure; and wherein calculating the data-specific key comprises:
calculating, based on the prestored root key and the path, a key corresponding to the leaf node by using the one-way function; and
setting the key corresponding to the leaf node as the data-specific key. 17. The computer-implemented system according to claim 16, wherein:
the path corresponds to a sequence of all nodes from the root node to the leaf node; the prestored root key corresponds to the root node; and calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
setting the root node as an input node;
calculating, by inputting a key corresponding to the input node and path information of a path between a next node and the input node to the one-way function, a key corresponding to the next node, the next node being adjacent to the input node in the sequence of all nodes;
determining whether the next node is the leaf node; and
in response to determining that the next node is the leaf node, setting the key corresponding to the next node as the key corresponding to the leaf node. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
in response to determining that the next node is not the leaf node:
setting the next node as a new input node; and
continuing to calculate a key corresponding to a new next node until the key corresponding to the leaf node is obtained, the new next node being adjacent to the new input node in the sequence of all nodes. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, comprising:
receiving a data decryption request from a data decryption device, wherein the data decryption request comprises the data identifier; calculating the data-specific key based on the prestored root key and the data identifier by using the one-way function; and sending the data-specific key to the data decryption device, wherein the data decryption device decrypts the encrypted data corresponding to the data identifier based on the data-specific key. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 19, wherein the encrypted data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure, and wherein the data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure. | A data encryption device obtains at least one piece of data to be encrypted. The data encryption device calculates, for each particular piece of data of the at least one piece of data, a data-specific key corresponding to the particular piece of data, the data-specific key being calculated based on a prestored root key and a data identifier of the particular piece of data using a one-way function, where the one-way function is such that the root key is not uniquely derivable from the data-specific key using the one-way function. The data encryption device generates encrypted data corresponding to the particular piece of data by encrypting the particular piece of data using the data-specific key corresponding to the piece of data.1. A computer-implemented data encryption method, comprising:
obtaining, by a data encryption device, at least one piece of data to be encrypted; calculating, by the data encryption device, for each particular piece of data of the at least one piece of data, a data-specific key corresponding to the particular piece of data, the data-specific key being calculated based on a prestored root key and a data identifier of the particular piece of data using a one-way function, wherein the one-way function is such that the root key is not uniquely derivable from the data-specific key using the one-way function; and generating, by the data encryption device, encrypted data corresponding to the particular piece of data by encrypting the particular piece of data using the data-specific key corresponding to the piece of data. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the particular piece of data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure; for each particular piece of data, the corresponding data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure; and wherein calculating the data-specific key comprises:
calculating, based on the prestored root key and the path, a key corresponding to the leaf node by using the one-way function; and
setting the key corresponding to the leaf node as the data-specific key. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
the path corresponds to a sequence of all nodes from the root node to the leaf node; the prestored root key corresponds to the root node; and calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
setting the root node as an input node;
calculating, by inputting a key corresponding to the input node and path information of a path between a next node and the input node to the one-way function, a key corresponding to the next node, the next node being adjacent to the input node in the sequence of all nodes;
determining whether the next node is the leaf node; and
in response to determining that the next node is the leaf node, setting the key corresponding to the next node as the key corresponding to the leaf node. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
in response to determining that the next node is not the leaf node:
setting the next node as a new input node; and
continuing to calculate a key corresponding to a new next node until the key corresponding to the leaf node is obtained, the new next node being adjacent to the new input node in the sequence of all nodes. 5. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
receiving a data decryption request from a data decryption device, wherein the data decryption request comprises the data identifier; calculating the data-specific key based on the prestored root key and the data identifier by using the one-way function; and sending the data-specific key to the data decryption device, wherein the data decryption device decrypts the encrypted data corresponding to the data identifier based on the data-specific key. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the encrypted data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure, and wherein the data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein:
the path corresponds to a sequence of all nodes from the root node to the leaf node; the prestored root key corresponds to the root node; and calculating the data-specific key comprises:
determining the sequence of all nodes based on the path;
setting the root node as an input node;
calculating, by inputting a key corresponding to the input node and path information of a path between a next node and the input node to the one-way function, a key corresponding to the next node, the next node being adjacent to the input node in the sequence of all nodes;
determining that the next node is the last node in the sequence of all nodes; and
in response to determining that the next node is the last node in the sequence of all nodes, setting the data-specific key as the key corresponding to the next node. 8. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
obtaining, by a data encryption device, at least one piece of data to be encrypted; calculating, by the data encryption device, for each particular piece of data of the at least one piece of data, a data-specific key corresponding to the particular piece of data, the data-specific key being calculated based on a prestored root key and a data identifier of the particular piece of data using a one-way function, wherein the one-way function is such that the root key is not uniquely derivable from the data-specific key using the one-way function; and generating, by the data encryption device, encrypted data corresponding to the particular piece of data by encrypting the particular piece of data using the data-specific key corresponding to the piece of data. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein:
the particular piece of data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure; for each particular piece of data, the corresponding data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure; and wherein calculating the data-specific key comprises:
calculating, based on the prestored root key and the path, a key corresponding to the leaf node by using the one-way function; and
setting the key corresponding to the leaf node as the data-specific key. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein:
the path corresponds to a sequence of all nodes from the root node to the leaf node; the prestored root key corresponds to the root node; and calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
setting the root node as an input node;
calculating, by inputting a key corresponding to the input node and path information of a path between a next node and the input node to the one-way function, a key corresponding to the next node, the next node being adjacent to the input node in the sequence of all nodes;
determining whether the next node is the leaf node; and
in response to determining that the next node is the leaf node, setting the key corresponding to the next node as the key corresponding to the leaf node. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 10, wherein calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
in response to determining that the next node is not the leaf node:
setting the next node as a new input node; and
continuing to calculate a key corresponding to a new next node until the key corresponding to the leaf node is obtained, the new next node being adjacent to the new input node in the sequence of all nodes. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 8, comprising:
receiving a data decryption request from a data decryption device, wherein the data decryption request comprises the data identifier; calculating the data-specific key based on the prestored root key and the data identifier by using the one-way function; and sending the data-specific key to the data decryption device, wherein the data decryption device decrypts the encrypted data corresponding to the data identifier based on the data-specific key. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 12, wherein the encrypted data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure, and wherein the data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein:
the path corresponds to a sequence of all nodes from the root node to the leaf node; the prestored root key corresponds to the root node; and calculating the data-specific key comprises:
determining the sequence of all nodes based on the path;
setting the root node as an input node;
calculating, by inputting a key corresponding to the input node and path information of a path between a next node and the input node to the one-way function, a key corresponding to the next node, the next node being adjacent to the input node in the sequence of all nodes;
determining that the next node is the last node in the sequence of all nodes; and
in response to determining that the next node is the last node in the sequence of all nodes, setting the data-specific key as the key corresponding to the next node. 15. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
obtaining, by a data encryption device, at least one piece of data to be encrypted;
calculating, by the data encryption device, for each particular piece of data of the at least one piece of data, a data-specific key corresponding to the particular piece of data, the data-specific key being calculated based on a prestored root key and a data identifier of the particular piece of data using a one-way function, wherein the one-way function is such that the root key is not uniquely derivable from the data-specific key using the one-way function; and
generating, by the data encryption device, encrypted data corresponding to the particular piece of data by encrypting the particular piece of data using the data-specific key corresponding to the piece of data. 16. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, wherein:
the particular piece of data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure; for each particular piece of data, the corresponding data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure; and wherein calculating the data-specific key comprises:
calculating, based on the prestored root key and the path, a key corresponding to the leaf node by using the one-way function; and
setting the key corresponding to the leaf node as the data-specific key. 17. The computer-implemented system according to claim 16, wherein:
the path corresponds to a sequence of all nodes from the root node to the leaf node; the prestored root key corresponds to the root node; and calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
setting the root node as an input node;
calculating, by inputting a key corresponding to the input node and path information of a path between a next node and the input node to the one-way function, a key corresponding to the next node, the next node being adjacent to the input node in the sequence of all nodes;
determining whether the next node is the leaf node; and
in response to determining that the next node is the leaf node, setting the key corresponding to the next node as the key corresponding to the leaf node. 18. The computer-implemented system according to claim 17, wherein calculating the key corresponding to the leaf node further comprises:
in response to determining that the next node is not the leaf node:
setting the next node as a new input node; and
continuing to calculate a key corresponding to a new next node until the key corresponding to the leaf node is obtained, the new next node being adjacent to the new input node in the sequence of all nodes. 19. The computer-implemented system according to claim 15, comprising:
receiving a data decryption request from a data decryption device, wherein the data decryption request comprises the data identifier; calculating the data-specific key based on the prestored root key and the data identifier by using the one-way function; and sending the data-specific key to the data decryption device, wherein the data decryption device decrypts the encrypted data corresponding to the data identifier based on the data-specific key. 20. The computer-implemented system according to claim 19, wherein the encrypted data corresponds to a leaf node of a predetermined tree structure, and wherein the data identifier represents a path between the corresponding leaf node and a root node of the predetermined tree structure. | 3,600 |
347,054 | 16,805,501 | 3,632 | A computing device for providing risk-based decisioning to a merchant during payment card transactions is provided herein. The computing device is programmed to receive, from the merchant, transaction data associated with a payment card transaction. The computing device is further programmed to compute a risk score for the payment card transaction based at least in part on the transaction data and infrastructure data associated with the payment card transaction. The computing device is also programmed transmit an indication of acceptable risk to the merchant if the risk score satisfies a first pre-defined threshold. The computing device is still further programmed to initiate an authentication challenge of the suspect consumer if the risk score satisfies a second pre-defined threshold. | 1. A computing device for providing risk-based decisioning to a merchant during payment card transactions, said computing device comprising a processor communicatively coupled to a memory, said computing device programmed to:
(a) receive, from the merchant, transaction data associated with a payment card transaction, wherein the payment card transaction includes a suspect consumer presenting a payment card from a digital wallet of a privileged cardholder; (b) compute a risk score for the payment card transaction based at least in part on the transaction data and infrastructure data associated with the payment card transaction; (c) transmit an indication of acceptable risk to the merchant if the risk score satisfies a first pre-defined threshold; and (d) initiate an authentication challenge of the suspect consumer if the risk score satisfies a second pre-defined threshold. 2. The computing device of claim 1 further programmed to initiate the authentication challenge by transmitting the payment card transaction to a payment card transaction authentication system for additional authentication of the suspect consumer. 3. The computing device of claim 1 further programmed to receive, from the merchant, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters, wherein said computing device is further programmed to compute the risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 4. The computing device of claim 3, wherein the one or more risk scoring configuration parameters include a first risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-defined threshold and a second risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-defined threshold. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the infrastructure data includes at least one of device data, payment card data, digital wallet data, and cart data. 6. The computing device of claim 1 further programmed to provide to the merchant a plurality of checkout options including a first checkout option and a second checkout option, wherein the first checkout option includes performing steps (b)-(d) and storing an indication of merchant liability for the payment card transaction, and wherein the second checkout option includes authenticating the payment card transaction using a payment card transaction authentication system that stores an indication of issuer liability for the payment card transaction. 7. The computing device of claim 6 further programmed to receive, from an issuer of the payment card, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters when the merchant selects the second checkout option, wherein said computing device is further programmed to compute the risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 8. The computing device of claim 1 further programmed to store, in the memory, a first default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-determined threshold and a second default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-determined threshold. 9. A computer-based method for providing risk-based decisioning to a merchant during payment card transactions, the method implemented using a computer device including a processor and a memory, said method comprising:
(a) receiving, transaction data associated with a payment card transaction, wherein the payment card transaction includes a suspect consumer presenting a payment card from a digital wallet of a privileged cardholder; (b) computing a risk score for the payment card transaction based at least in part on the transaction data and infrastructure data associated with the payment card transaction; (c) transmitting an indication of acceptable risk to the merchant if the risk score satisfies a first pre-defined threshold; and (d) initiating an authentication challenge of the suspect consumer if the risk score satisfies a second pre-defined threshold. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein initiating an authentication challenge of the suspect consumer includes transmitting the payment card transaction to a payment card transaction authentication system for additional authentication of the suspect consumer. 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising receiving, from the merchant, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters, wherein computing a risk score for the payment card transaction further includes computing a risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more risk scoring configuration parameters include a first risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-defined threshold and a second risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-defined threshold. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the infrastructure data includes at least one of device data, payment card data, digital wallet data, and cart data. 14. The method of claim 9 further comprising providing to the merchant a plurality of checkout options including a first checkout option and a second checkout option, wherein the first checkout option includes performing steps (b)-(d), wherein the second checkout option includes authenticating the payment card transaction using a payment card transaction authentication system that that stores an indication of issuer liability for the payment card transaction. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising receiving, from an issuer of the payment card, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters when the merchant selects the second checkout option, wherein computing a risk score for the payment card transaction further includes computing a risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 16. The method of claim 9 further comprising storing, in the memory, at least one default scoring rule, a first default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-determined threshold and a second default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-determined threshold. 17. At least one non-transitory computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon, wherein when executed by at least one processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to:
(a) receive, from the merchant, transaction data associated with a payment card transaction, wherein the payment card transaction includes a suspect consumer presenting a payment card from a digital wallet of a privileged cardholder; (b) compute a risk score for the payment card transaction based at least in part on the transaction data and infrastructure data associated with the payment card transaction; (c) transmit an indication of acceptable risk to the merchant if the risk score satisfies a first pre-defined threshold; and (d) initiate an authentication challenge of the suspect consumer if the risk score satisfies a second pre-defined threshold. 18. The computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to initiate the authentication challenge by transmitting the payment card transaction to a payment card transaction authentication system for additional authentication of the suspect consumer. 19. The computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to receive, from the merchant, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters, wherein said computing device is further programmed to compute the risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 20. The computer-readable storage media of claim 19, wherein the one or more risk scoring configuration parameters include a first risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-defined threshold and a second risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-defined threshold. 21. The computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the infrastructure data includes at least one of device data, payment card data, digital wallet data, and cart data. 22. The computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to provide to the merchant a plurality of checkout options including a first checkout option and a second checkout option, wherein the first checkout option includes performing steps (b)-(d) and storing an indication of merchant liability for the payment card transaction, and wherein the second checkout option includes authenticating the payment card transaction using a payment card transaction authentication system that stores an indication of issuer liability for the payment card transaction. 23. The computer-readable storage media of claim 22, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to receive, from an issuer of the payment card, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters when the merchant selects the second checkout option, wherein said computing device is further programmed to compute the risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 24. The computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to store, in the memory, a first default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-determined threshold and a second default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-determined threshold. | A computing device for providing risk-based decisioning to a merchant during payment card transactions is provided herein. The computing device is programmed to receive, from the merchant, transaction data associated with a payment card transaction. The computing device is further programmed to compute a risk score for the payment card transaction based at least in part on the transaction data and infrastructure data associated with the payment card transaction. The computing device is also programmed transmit an indication of acceptable risk to the merchant if the risk score satisfies a first pre-defined threshold. The computing device is still further programmed to initiate an authentication challenge of the suspect consumer if the risk score satisfies a second pre-defined threshold.1. A computing device for providing risk-based decisioning to a merchant during payment card transactions, said computing device comprising a processor communicatively coupled to a memory, said computing device programmed to:
(a) receive, from the merchant, transaction data associated with a payment card transaction, wherein the payment card transaction includes a suspect consumer presenting a payment card from a digital wallet of a privileged cardholder; (b) compute a risk score for the payment card transaction based at least in part on the transaction data and infrastructure data associated with the payment card transaction; (c) transmit an indication of acceptable risk to the merchant if the risk score satisfies a first pre-defined threshold; and (d) initiate an authentication challenge of the suspect consumer if the risk score satisfies a second pre-defined threshold. 2. The computing device of claim 1 further programmed to initiate the authentication challenge by transmitting the payment card transaction to a payment card transaction authentication system for additional authentication of the suspect consumer. 3. The computing device of claim 1 further programmed to receive, from the merchant, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters, wherein said computing device is further programmed to compute the risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 4. The computing device of claim 3, wherein the one or more risk scoring configuration parameters include a first risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-defined threshold and a second risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-defined threshold. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the infrastructure data includes at least one of device data, payment card data, digital wallet data, and cart data. 6. The computing device of claim 1 further programmed to provide to the merchant a plurality of checkout options including a first checkout option and a second checkout option, wherein the first checkout option includes performing steps (b)-(d) and storing an indication of merchant liability for the payment card transaction, and wherein the second checkout option includes authenticating the payment card transaction using a payment card transaction authentication system that stores an indication of issuer liability for the payment card transaction. 7. The computing device of claim 6 further programmed to receive, from an issuer of the payment card, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters when the merchant selects the second checkout option, wherein said computing device is further programmed to compute the risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 8. The computing device of claim 1 further programmed to store, in the memory, a first default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-determined threshold and a second default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-determined threshold. 9. A computer-based method for providing risk-based decisioning to a merchant during payment card transactions, the method implemented using a computer device including a processor and a memory, said method comprising:
(a) receiving, transaction data associated with a payment card transaction, wherein the payment card transaction includes a suspect consumer presenting a payment card from a digital wallet of a privileged cardholder; (b) computing a risk score for the payment card transaction based at least in part on the transaction data and infrastructure data associated with the payment card transaction; (c) transmitting an indication of acceptable risk to the merchant if the risk score satisfies a first pre-defined threshold; and (d) initiating an authentication challenge of the suspect consumer if the risk score satisfies a second pre-defined threshold. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein initiating an authentication challenge of the suspect consumer includes transmitting the payment card transaction to a payment card transaction authentication system for additional authentication of the suspect consumer. 11. The method of claim 9 further comprising receiving, from the merchant, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters, wherein computing a risk score for the payment card transaction further includes computing a risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more risk scoring configuration parameters include a first risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-defined threshold and a second risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-defined threshold. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the infrastructure data includes at least one of device data, payment card data, digital wallet data, and cart data. 14. The method of claim 9 further comprising providing to the merchant a plurality of checkout options including a first checkout option and a second checkout option, wherein the first checkout option includes performing steps (b)-(d), wherein the second checkout option includes authenticating the payment card transaction using a payment card transaction authentication system that that stores an indication of issuer liability for the payment card transaction. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprising receiving, from an issuer of the payment card, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters when the merchant selects the second checkout option, wherein computing a risk score for the payment card transaction further includes computing a risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 16. The method of claim 9 further comprising storing, in the memory, at least one default scoring rule, a first default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-determined threshold and a second default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-determined threshold. 17. At least one non-transitory computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon, wherein when executed by at least one processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to:
(a) receive, from the merchant, transaction data associated with a payment card transaction, wherein the payment card transaction includes a suspect consumer presenting a payment card from a digital wallet of a privileged cardholder; (b) compute a risk score for the payment card transaction based at least in part on the transaction data and infrastructure data associated with the payment card transaction; (c) transmit an indication of acceptable risk to the merchant if the risk score satisfies a first pre-defined threshold; and (d) initiate an authentication challenge of the suspect consumer if the risk score satisfies a second pre-defined threshold. 18. The computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to initiate the authentication challenge by transmitting the payment card transaction to a payment card transaction authentication system for additional authentication of the suspect consumer. 19. The computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to receive, from the merchant, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters, wherein said computing device is further programmed to compute the risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 20. The computer-readable storage media of claim 19, wherein the one or more risk scoring configuration parameters include a first risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-defined threshold and a second risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-defined threshold. 21. The computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the infrastructure data includes at least one of device data, payment card data, digital wallet data, and cart data. 22. The computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to provide to the merchant a plurality of checkout options including a first checkout option and a second checkout option, wherein the first checkout option includes performing steps (b)-(d) and storing an indication of merchant liability for the payment card transaction, and wherein the second checkout option includes authenticating the payment card transaction using a payment card transaction authentication system that stores an indication of issuer liability for the payment card transaction. 23. The computer-readable storage media of claim 22, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to receive, from an issuer of the payment card, one or more risk scoring configuration parameters when the merchant selects the second checkout option, wherein said computing device is further programmed to compute the risk score based at least in part on the risk scoring configuration parameters. 24. The computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein the computer-executable instructions further cause the processor to store, in the memory, a first default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the first pre-determined threshold and a second default risk scoring configuration parameter defining the second pre-determined threshold. | 3,600 |
347,055 | 16,805,517 | 3,632 | One embodiment can provide a method and system for compensating for timing skew in a differential pair transmission line on a printed circuit board (PCB). During operation, the system obtains a PCB comprising one or more layers and at least a differential pair transmission line. The differential pair transmission line comprises first and second transmission lines, with a respective transmission line coupled to at least one via extending through the one or more layers of the PCB. The system determines a difference in length between first and second transmission lines and determines a stub length of the at least one via based on the determined difference in length between the first and second transmission lines, thereby compensating for the time skew in the differential pair transmission line. | 1. A method for compensating for timing skew in a differential pair transmission line on a printed circuit board (PCB), the method comprising:
obtaining a PCB comprising one or more layers and at least a differential pair transmission line, wherein the differential pair transmission line comprises first and second transmission lines, wherein a respective transmission line is coupled to at least one via extending through the one or more layers of the PCB; determining a difference in length between first and second transmission lines; and determining a stub length of the at least one via based on the determined difference in length between the first and second transmission lines, thereby facilitating compensation for the timing skew in the differential pair transmission line. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein an inner surface of the at least one via is plated with metal, and wherein determining the stub length comprises determining a distance between a plane of the respective transmission line and a bottom edge of the plated metal. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising removing a portion of the plated metal on the inner surface of the at least one via based on the determined stub length. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein removing the portion of the plated metal comprises applying a back-drilling technique to the at least one via. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the PCB comprises a plurality of layers, and wherein the PCB is fabricated using a sequential-lamination process to ensure that the stub length of the at least one via in the fabricated PCB substantially equals the determined stub length. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a desired difference in stub length between a first via coupled to the first transmission line and a second via coupled to the second transmission line based at least on the determined difference in length between the first and second transmission lines; and adjusting a first stub length of the first via and a second stub length of the second via in such a way that the difference in stub length between the first and second vias substantially equals the desired difference. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one via is located at an end of the respective transmission line to facilitate the respective transmission line to couple to a PCB trace or device located at a different PCB layer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one via is located on a path of the respective transmission line, and wherein the at least one via does not couple to any other PCB trace or device. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one transmission line comprises a top-hat structure configured to compensate for a portion of the timing skew in the differential pair. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the stub length of the at least one via is determined based on both the determined difference in length between the first and second transmission lines and an additional factor contributing to the timing skew. 11. A printed circuit board (PCB), comprising:
one or more layers; at least a differential pair transmission line, wherein the differential pair transmission line comprises first and second transmission lines; and one or more vias extending through the one or more layers of the PCB, wherein first and second transmission lines of the differential pair are coupled to a first via and a second via, respectively; wherein a difference in stub length between the first via and the second via provides a compensation for a timing skew caused by a difference in length between the first and second transmission lines of the differential pair transmission line. 12. The PCB of claim 11, wherein an inner surface of a respective via is plated with metal, and wherein the stub length of the respective via is controlled by adjusting a distance between a plane of the respective transmission line and a bottom edge of the plated metal. 13. The PCB of claim 12, wherein the respective via further comprises a back-drilled hole that removes a portion of the plated metal. 14. The PCB of claim 12, wherein the PCB comprises a plurality of layers, and wherein the PCB is fabricated using a sequential-lamination process to control the stub length of the respective via in the fabricated PCB. 15. The PCB of claim 11, wherein the first or second via is located at an end of a corresponding transmission line to facilitate the corresponding transmission line to couple to a PCB trace or device located at a different PCB layer. 16. The PCB of claim 11, wherein the first or second via is located on a path of a corresponding transmission line, and wherein the first or second via does not couple to any other PCB trace or device. 17. The PCB of claim 11, wherein at least one transmission line comprises a top-hat structure configured to compensate for a portion of the timing skew in the differential pair. 18. The PCB of claim 11, wherein the difference in stub length further provides a compensation for a timing skew caused by an additional factor. | One embodiment can provide a method and system for compensating for timing skew in a differential pair transmission line on a printed circuit board (PCB). During operation, the system obtains a PCB comprising one or more layers and at least a differential pair transmission line. The differential pair transmission line comprises first and second transmission lines, with a respective transmission line coupled to at least one via extending through the one or more layers of the PCB. The system determines a difference in length between first and second transmission lines and determines a stub length of the at least one via based on the determined difference in length between the first and second transmission lines, thereby compensating for the time skew in the differential pair transmission line.1. A method for compensating for timing skew in a differential pair transmission line on a printed circuit board (PCB), the method comprising:
obtaining a PCB comprising one or more layers and at least a differential pair transmission line, wherein the differential pair transmission line comprises first and second transmission lines, wherein a respective transmission line is coupled to at least one via extending through the one or more layers of the PCB; determining a difference in length between first and second transmission lines; and determining a stub length of the at least one via based on the determined difference in length between the first and second transmission lines, thereby facilitating compensation for the timing skew in the differential pair transmission line. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein an inner surface of the at least one via is plated with metal, and wherein determining the stub length comprises determining a distance between a plane of the respective transmission line and a bottom edge of the plated metal. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising removing a portion of the plated metal on the inner surface of the at least one via based on the determined stub length. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein removing the portion of the plated metal comprises applying a back-drilling technique to the at least one via. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the PCB comprises a plurality of layers, and wherein the PCB is fabricated using a sequential-lamination process to ensure that the stub length of the at least one via in the fabricated PCB substantially equals the determined stub length. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a desired difference in stub length between a first via coupled to the first transmission line and a second via coupled to the second transmission line based at least on the determined difference in length between the first and second transmission lines; and adjusting a first stub length of the first via and a second stub length of the second via in such a way that the difference in stub length between the first and second vias substantially equals the desired difference. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one via is located at an end of the respective transmission line to facilitate the respective transmission line to couple to a PCB trace or device located at a different PCB layer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one via is located on a path of the respective transmission line, and wherein the at least one via does not couple to any other PCB trace or device. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one transmission line comprises a top-hat structure configured to compensate for a portion of the timing skew in the differential pair. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the stub length of the at least one via is determined based on both the determined difference in length between the first and second transmission lines and an additional factor contributing to the timing skew. 11. A printed circuit board (PCB), comprising:
one or more layers; at least a differential pair transmission line, wherein the differential pair transmission line comprises first and second transmission lines; and one or more vias extending through the one or more layers of the PCB, wherein first and second transmission lines of the differential pair are coupled to a first via and a second via, respectively; wherein a difference in stub length between the first via and the second via provides a compensation for a timing skew caused by a difference in length between the first and second transmission lines of the differential pair transmission line. 12. The PCB of claim 11, wherein an inner surface of a respective via is plated with metal, and wherein the stub length of the respective via is controlled by adjusting a distance between a plane of the respective transmission line and a bottom edge of the plated metal. 13. The PCB of claim 12, wherein the respective via further comprises a back-drilled hole that removes a portion of the plated metal. 14. The PCB of claim 12, wherein the PCB comprises a plurality of layers, and wherein the PCB is fabricated using a sequential-lamination process to control the stub length of the respective via in the fabricated PCB. 15. The PCB of claim 11, wherein the first or second via is located at an end of a corresponding transmission line to facilitate the corresponding transmission line to couple to a PCB trace or device located at a different PCB layer. 16. The PCB of claim 11, wherein the first or second via is located on a path of a corresponding transmission line, and wherein the first or second via does not couple to any other PCB trace or device. 17. The PCB of claim 11, wherein at least one transmission line comprises a top-hat structure configured to compensate for a portion of the timing skew in the differential pair. 18. The PCB of claim 11, wherein the difference in stub length further provides a compensation for a timing skew caused by an additional factor. | 3,600 |
347,056 | 16,805,483 | 3,632 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE), may receive, via a first control resource set (CORESET) of a plurality of CORESETs monitored by the UE, a first downlink grant that schedules a downlink data transmission to the UE. The UE may receive the downlink data transmission from a first transmission reception point (TRP) of a plurality of TRPs and transmit feedback information for the downlink data transmission to the first TRP based at least in part on the first TRP being associated with the first CORESET or the first downlink grant being received via the first CORESET. | 1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, via a first control resource set of a plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a first downlink grant that schedules a first downlink data transmission to the UE; receiving, via a second control resource set of the plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a second downlink grant that schedules a second downlink data transmission to the UE; receiving the first downlink data transmission from a first transmission reception point of a plurality of transmission reception points; receiving the second downlink data transmission from a second transmission reception point of the plurality of transmission reception points; transmitting first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point based at least in part on the first transmission reception point being associated with the first control resource set or the first downlink grant being received via the first control resource set; and transmitting second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point based at least in part on the second transmission reception point being associated with the second control resource set or the second downlink grant being received via the first control resource set. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, via the first downlink grant, an indication of a number of feedback messages to multiplex in the first feedback information, wherein the indication is conveyed via a downlink assignment index (DAI) field in downlink control information (DCI). 3. The method of claim 2, wherein transmitting the first feedback information comprises:
transmitting a multiplexed set of feedback messages associated with multiple communications between the first transmission reception point and the UE, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages comprises the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages corresponds to a plurality of downlink grants received in the first control resource set. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission is transmitted via a first physical uplink control channel to the first transmission reception point according to a downlink assignment index (DAI) associated with the first downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated with the first downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the first downlink grant received in the first control resource set; and the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission is transmitted via a second physical uplink control channel to the second transmission reception point according to a DAI associated with the second downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated the second downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the second downlink grant received in the second control resource set. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving, from the first transmission reception point, an indication of a feedback timing and feedback resource indicator for the first physical uplink control channel, wherein transmitting the first feedback information is based at least in part on the receiving the indication. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving, from the second transmission reception point, an indication of a feedback timing and feedback resource indicator for the second physical uplink control channel, wherein transmitting the second feedback information is based at least in part on the receiving the indication. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission is transmitted according to a power control loop different from the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point via an uplink shared channel communication associated with the first transmission reception point, wherein the uplink shared channel is associated with the first transmission reception point based at least in part on an uplink grant for the uplink shared channel being received in the first control resource set. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point via an uplink shared channel communication associated with the second transmission reception point, wherein the uplink shared channel is associated with the second transmission reception point based at least in part on an uplink grant for the uplink shared channel being received in the second control resource set. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to drop at least a portion of the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission or the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission based at least in part on a set of priority rules, wherein the set of priority rules is based at least in part on a uplink control information type, a transmission reception point priority, or a starting symbol associated with transmission of the first feedback information or the second feedback information for the first downlink data transmission or the second downlink data transmission. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, via an uplink control channel, a multiplexed set of uplink control messages associated with multiple communications between the first transmission reception point and the UE, wherein the multiplexed set of uplink control messages comprises the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission, channel state information (CSI) feedback, a scheduling request (SR), or a combination thereof. 13. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, via a first control resource set of a plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a first downlink grant that schedules a first downlink data transmission to the UE;
receive, via a second control resource set of the plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a second downlink grant that schedules a second downlink data transmission to the UE;
receive the first downlink data transmission from a first transmission reception point of a plurality of transmission reception points;
receive the second downlink data transmission from a second transmission reception point of the plurality of transmission reception points;
transmit first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point based at least in part on the first transmission reception point being associated with the first control resource set or the first downlink grant being received via the first control resource set; and
transmit second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point based at least in part on the second transmission reception point being associated with the second control resource set or the second downlink grant being received via the first control resource set. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, via the first downlink grant, an indication of a number of feedback messages to multiplex in the first feedback information, wherein the indication is conveyed via a downlink assignment index (DAI) field in downlink control information (DCI). 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the instructions to transmit the first feedback information are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit a multiplexed set of feedback messages associated with multiple communications between the first transmission reception point and the UE, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages comprises the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages corresponds to a plurality of downlink grants received in the first control resource set. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein:
the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission is transmitted via a first physical uplink control channel to the first transmission reception point according to a downlink assignment index (DAI) associated with the first downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated with the first downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the first downlink grant received in the first control resource set; and the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission is transmitted via a second physical uplink control channel to the second transmission reception point according to a DAI associated with the second downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated the second downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the second downlink grant received in the second control resource set. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from the first transmission reception point, an indication of a feedback timing and feedback resource indicator for the first physical uplink control channel, wherein transmitting the first feedback information is based at least in part on the receiving the indication. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from the second transmission reception point, an indication of a feedback timing and feedback resource indicator for the second physical uplink control channel, wherein transmitting the second feedback information is based at least in part on the receiving the indication. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission is transmitted according to a power control loop different from the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission. 21. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point via an uplink shared channel communication associated with the first transmission reception point, wherein the uplink shared channel is associated with the first transmission reception point based at least in part on an uplink grant for the uplink shared channel being received in the first control resource set. 22. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point via an uplink shared channel communication associated with the second transmission reception point, wherein the uplink shared channel is associated with the second transmission reception point based at least in part on an uplink grant for the uplink shared channel being received in the second control resource set. 23. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine whether to drop at least a portion of the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission or the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission based at least in part on a set of priority rules, wherein the set of priority rules is based at least in part on a uplink control information type, a transmission reception point priority, or a starting symbol associated with transmission of the first feedback information or the second feedback information for the first downlink data transmission or the second downlink data transmission. 24. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit, via an uplink control channel, a multiplexed set of uplink control messages associated with multiple communications between the first transmission reception point and the UE, wherein the multiplexed set of uplink control messages comprises the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission, channel state information (CSI) feedback, a scheduling request (SR), or a combination thereof. 25. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
means for receiving, via a first control resource set of a plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a first downlink grant that schedules a first downlink data transmission to the UE; means for receiving, via a second control resource set of the plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a second downlink grant that schedules a second downlink data transmission to the UE; means for receiving the first downlink data transmission from a first transmission reception point of a plurality of transmission reception points; means for receiving the second downlink data transmission from a second transmission reception point of the plurality of transmission reception points; means for transmitting first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point based at least in part on the first transmission reception point being associated with the first control resource set or the first downlink grant being received via the first control resource set; and means for transmitting second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point based at least in part on the second transmission reception point being associated with the second control resource set or the second downlink grant being received via the first control resource set. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:
means for receiving, via the first downlink grant, an indication of a number of feedback messages to multiplex in the first feedback information, wherein the indication is conveyed via a downlink assignment index (DAI) field in downlink control information (DCI). 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the means for transmitting the first feedback information comprises:
means for transmitting a multiplexed set of feedback messages associated with multiple communications between the first transmission reception point and the UE, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages comprises the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages corresponds to a plurality of downlink grants received in the first control resource set. 29. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein:
the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission is transmitted via a first physical uplink control channel to the first transmission reception point according to a downlink assignment index (DAI) associated with the first downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated with the first downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the first downlink grant received in the first control resource set; and the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission is transmitted via a second physical uplink control channel to the second transmission reception point according to a DAI associated with the second downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated the second downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the second downlink grant received in the second control resource set. 30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
receive, via a first control resource set of a plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a first downlink grant that schedules a first downlink data transmission to the UE; receive, via a second control resource set of the plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a second downlink grant that schedules a second downlink data transmission to the UE; receive the first downlink data transmission from a first transmission reception point of a plurality of transmission reception points; receive the second downlink data transmission from a second transmission reception point of the plurality of transmission reception points; transmit first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point based at least in part on the first transmission reception point being associated with the first control resource set or the first downlink grant being received via the first control resource set; and transmit second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point based at least in part on the second transmission reception point being associated with the second control resource set or the second downlink grant being received via the first control resource set. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE), may receive, via a first control resource set (CORESET) of a plurality of CORESETs monitored by the UE, a first downlink grant that schedules a downlink data transmission to the UE. The UE may receive the downlink data transmission from a first transmission reception point (TRP) of a plurality of TRPs and transmit feedback information for the downlink data transmission to the first TRP based at least in part on the first TRP being associated with the first CORESET or the first downlink grant being received via the first CORESET.1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving, via a first control resource set of a plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a first downlink grant that schedules a first downlink data transmission to the UE; receiving, via a second control resource set of the plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a second downlink grant that schedules a second downlink data transmission to the UE; receiving the first downlink data transmission from a first transmission reception point of a plurality of transmission reception points; receiving the second downlink data transmission from a second transmission reception point of the plurality of transmission reception points; transmitting first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point based at least in part on the first transmission reception point being associated with the first control resource set or the first downlink grant being received via the first control resource set; and transmitting second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point based at least in part on the second transmission reception point being associated with the second control resource set or the second downlink grant being received via the first control resource set. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, via the first downlink grant, an indication of a number of feedback messages to multiplex in the first feedback information, wherein the indication is conveyed via a downlink assignment index (DAI) field in downlink control information (DCI). 3. The method of claim 2, wherein transmitting the first feedback information comprises:
transmitting a multiplexed set of feedback messages associated with multiple communications between the first transmission reception point and the UE, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages comprises the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages corresponds to a plurality of downlink grants received in the first control resource set. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission is transmitted via a first physical uplink control channel to the first transmission reception point according to a downlink assignment index (DAI) associated with the first downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated with the first downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the first downlink grant received in the first control resource set; and the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission is transmitted via a second physical uplink control channel to the second transmission reception point according to a DAI associated with the second downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated the second downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the second downlink grant received in the second control resource set. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving, from the first transmission reception point, an indication of a feedback timing and feedback resource indicator for the first physical uplink control channel, wherein transmitting the first feedback information is based at least in part on the receiving the indication. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
receiving, from the second transmission reception point, an indication of a feedback timing and feedback resource indicator for the second physical uplink control channel, wherein transmitting the second feedback information is based at least in part on the receiving the indication. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission is transmitted according to a power control loop different from the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point via an uplink shared channel communication associated with the first transmission reception point, wherein the uplink shared channel is associated with the first transmission reception point based at least in part on an uplink grant for the uplink shared channel being received in the first control resource set. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point via an uplink shared channel communication associated with the second transmission reception point, wherein the uplink shared channel is associated with the second transmission reception point based at least in part on an uplink grant for the uplink shared channel being received in the second control resource set. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether to drop at least a portion of the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission or the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission based at least in part on a set of priority rules, wherein the set of priority rules is based at least in part on a uplink control information type, a transmission reception point priority, or a starting symbol associated with transmission of the first feedback information or the second feedback information for the first downlink data transmission or the second downlink data transmission. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
transmitting, via an uplink control channel, a multiplexed set of uplink control messages associated with multiple communications between the first transmission reception point and the UE, wherein the multiplexed set of uplink control messages comprises the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission, channel state information (CSI) feedback, a scheduling request (SR), or a combination thereof. 13. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, via a first control resource set of a plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a first downlink grant that schedules a first downlink data transmission to the UE;
receive, via a second control resource set of the plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a second downlink grant that schedules a second downlink data transmission to the UE;
receive the first downlink data transmission from a first transmission reception point of a plurality of transmission reception points;
receive the second downlink data transmission from a second transmission reception point of the plurality of transmission reception points;
transmit first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point based at least in part on the first transmission reception point being associated with the first control resource set or the first downlink grant being received via the first control resource set; and
transmit second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point based at least in part on the second transmission reception point being associated with the second control resource set or the second downlink grant being received via the first control resource set. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, via the first downlink grant, an indication of a number of feedback messages to multiplex in the first feedback information, wherein the indication is conveyed via a downlink assignment index (DAI) field in downlink control information (DCI). 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the instructions to transmit the first feedback information are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit a multiplexed set of feedback messages associated with multiple communications between the first transmission reception point and the UE, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages comprises the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages corresponds to a plurality of downlink grants received in the first control resource set. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein:
the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission is transmitted via a first physical uplink control channel to the first transmission reception point according to a downlink assignment index (DAI) associated with the first downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated with the first downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the first downlink grant received in the first control resource set; and the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission is transmitted via a second physical uplink control channel to the second transmission reception point according to a DAI associated with the second downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated the second downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the second downlink grant received in the second control resource set. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from the first transmission reception point, an indication of a feedback timing and feedback resource indicator for the first physical uplink control channel, wherein transmitting the first feedback information is based at least in part on the receiving the indication. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive, from the second transmission reception point, an indication of a feedback timing and feedback resource indicator for the second physical uplink control channel, wherein transmitting the second feedback information is based at least in part on the receiving the indication. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission is transmitted according to a power control loop different from the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission. 21. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point via an uplink shared channel communication associated with the first transmission reception point, wherein the uplink shared channel is associated with the first transmission reception point based at least in part on an uplink grant for the uplink shared channel being received in the first control resource set. 22. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point via an uplink shared channel communication associated with the second transmission reception point, wherein the uplink shared channel is associated with the second transmission reception point based at least in part on an uplink grant for the uplink shared channel being received in the second control resource set. 23. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine whether to drop at least a portion of the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission or the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission based at least in part on a set of priority rules, wherein the set of priority rules is based at least in part on a uplink control information type, a transmission reception point priority, or a starting symbol associated with transmission of the first feedback information or the second feedback information for the first downlink data transmission or the second downlink data transmission. 24. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit, via an uplink control channel, a multiplexed set of uplink control messages associated with multiple communications between the first transmission reception point and the UE, wherein the multiplexed set of uplink control messages comprises the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission, channel state information (CSI) feedback, a scheduling request (SR), or a combination thereof. 25. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
means for receiving, via a first control resource set of a plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a first downlink grant that schedules a first downlink data transmission to the UE; means for receiving, via a second control resource set of the plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a second downlink grant that schedules a second downlink data transmission to the UE; means for receiving the first downlink data transmission from a first transmission reception point of a plurality of transmission reception points; means for receiving the second downlink data transmission from a second transmission reception point of the plurality of transmission reception points; means for transmitting first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point based at least in part on the first transmission reception point being associated with the first control resource set or the first downlink grant being received via the first control resource set; and means for transmitting second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point based at least in part on the second transmission reception point being associated with the second control resource set or the second downlink grant being received via the first control resource set. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:
means for receiving, via the first downlink grant, an indication of a number of feedback messages to multiplex in the first feedback information, wherein the indication is conveyed via a downlink assignment index (DAI) field in downlink control information (DCI). 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the means for transmitting the first feedback information comprises:
means for transmitting a multiplexed set of feedback messages associated with multiple communications between the first transmission reception point and the UE, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages comprises the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the multiplexed set of feedback messages corresponds to a plurality of downlink grants received in the first control resource set. 29. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein:
the first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission is transmitted via a first physical uplink control channel to the first transmission reception point according to a downlink assignment index (DAI) associated with the first downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated with the first downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the first downlink grant received in the first control resource set; and the second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission is transmitted via a second physical uplink control channel to the second transmission reception point according to a DAI associated with the second downlink grant, wherein the DAI associated the second downlink grant indicates a number of feedback messages corresponding to the second downlink grant received in the second control resource set. 30. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to:
receive, via a first control resource set of a plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a first downlink grant that schedules a first downlink data transmission to the UE; receive, via a second control resource set of the plurality of control resource sets monitored by the UE, a second downlink grant that schedules a second downlink data transmission to the UE; receive the first downlink data transmission from a first transmission reception point of a plurality of transmission reception points; receive the second downlink data transmission from a second transmission reception point of the plurality of transmission reception points; transmit first feedback information for the first downlink data transmission to the first transmission reception point based at least in part on the first transmission reception point being associated with the first control resource set or the first downlink grant being received via the first control resource set; and transmit second feedback information for the second downlink data transmission to the second transmission reception point based at least in part on the second transmission reception point being associated with the second control resource set or the second downlink grant being received via the first control resource set. | 3,600 |
347,057 | 16,805,529 | 2,824 | A memory controller having a time-staggered request signal output. A first timing signal is generated while a second timing signal is generated having a first phase difference relative to the first timing signal. An address value is transmitted in response to the first timing signal and a control value is transmitted in response to the second timing signal, the address value and control value constituting portions of a first memory access request. | 1. (canceled) 2. A memory controller, comprising:
a first transmit circuit to drive a first component signal of a memory access request to a memory device along a first signal path, the first component signal driven in response to a first internal timing signal; a second transmit circuit to drive a second component signal of the memory access request to the memory device along a second signal path, the second component signal driven in response to a second internal timing signal, wherein the second signal component is driven after a predetermined delay relative to the first signal component; and wherein the first and second timing signals are offset based on relative loading between the first signal path and the second signal path. 3. The memory controller according to claim 2, wherein the first component signal is a chip select signal and the second component signal is a plurality of command/address (C/A) signals. 4. The memory controller according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined delay is programmable. 5. The memory controller according to claim 4, further comprising circuitry to store a value corresponding to the predetermined delay. 6. The memory controller according to claim 2, further comprising a third transmit circuit to drive a third timing signal to the memory device, the third timing signal to accompany the first component signal and the second component signal, and to arrive at the memory device in a predefined phase alignment with respect to each of the first component signal and the second component signal. 7. The memory controller according to claim 2, embodied as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory controller. 8. An integrated circuit (IC) device to provide signals to a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device, the IC device comprising:
a first transmit circuit to drive a chip select signal to the memory device; a second transmit circuit to drive, after a predetermined delay relative to the chip select signal, command and address (CA) signals to the memory device. 9. The IC device according to claim 8, wherein:
the first transmit circuit is to drive the chip select signal to the memory device via a first external signal path; and the second transmit circuit is to drive the command and address signals to the memory device via a second external signal path, wherein the predetermined delay compensates for a skew difference between the chip select signal propagating on the first external signal path and the chip select signal propagating on the second external signal path. 10. The IC device according to claim 9, wherein:
the first transmit circuit is responsive to a first timing signal to drive the chip select signal; the second transmit circuit is responsive to a second timing signal to drive the command and address signals; and wherein the second timing signal is delay offset relative to the first timing signal to delay transmission of the command and address signals relative to the chip select signal. 11. The IC device according to claim 10, wherein the delay offset of the second timing signal relative to the first timing signal is to be based on relative loading between the first external signal path and the second external signal path. 12. The IC device according to claim 10, further comprising:
a third transmitter to launch a timing signal to the memory device, the timing signal to accompany the control signal and the CA signals, and to arrive at the memory device in a predefined phase alignment with respect to the control signal and the CA signals. 13. The IC device according to claim 8, further comprising circuitry to store a value corresponding to the predetermined delay. 14. The IC device according to claim 13, wherein:
the circuitry to store the value includes circuitry to select one from a plurality of predetermined delay offset values, each of the plurality of predetermined delay offset values corresponding to a memory system topology and data rate. 15. The IC device according to claim 8, embodied as an IC dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory controller. 16. An integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising:
interface circuitry to receive information from an off-chip serial presence detect (SPD) device during an initialization mode of operation; a first transmit circuit to drive a chip select signal to a memory device; a second transmit circuit to drive a command/address (CA) signal to the memory device; and circuitry to delay transmission of the CA signal relative to the chip select signal based on the information. 17. The IC chip according to claim 16, wherein the information comprises at least one from the group comprising:
memory system topology information and operational parameter information. 18. The IC chip according to claim 16, wherein the information indicates relative electrical loading between a CA signal path that routes the transmitted CA signal, and a control signal path that routes the chip select signal. 19. The IC chip according to claim 16, further comprising circuitry to store a value corresponding to the delay offset. 20. The IC chip according to claim 19, wherein the circuitry to delay offset transmission includes circuitry to select one from a plurality of transmit delays based on the information, each of the plurality of transmit delays corresponding to a memory system topology and data rate. 21. The IC chip according to claim 16, embodied as a DRAM memory controller IC chip. | A memory controller having a time-staggered request signal output. A first timing signal is generated while a second timing signal is generated having a first phase difference relative to the first timing signal. An address value is transmitted in response to the first timing signal and a control value is transmitted in response to the second timing signal, the address value and control value constituting portions of a first memory access request.1. (canceled) 2. A memory controller, comprising:
a first transmit circuit to drive a first component signal of a memory access request to a memory device along a first signal path, the first component signal driven in response to a first internal timing signal; a second transmit circuit to drive a second component signal of the memory access request to the memory device along a second signal path, the second component signal driven in response to a second internal timing signal, wherein the second signal component is driven after a predetermined delay relative to the first signal component; and wherein the first and second timing signals are offset based on relative loading between the first signal path and the second signal path. 3. The memory controller according to claim 2, wherein the first component signal is a chip select signal and the second component signal is a plurality of command/address (C/A) signals. 4. The memory controller according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined delay is programmable. 5. The memory controller according to claim 4, further comprising circuitry to store a value corresponding to the predetermined delay. 6. The memory controller according to claim 2, further comprising a third transmit circuit to drive a third timing signal to the memory device, the third timing signal to accompany the first component signal and the second component signal, and to arrive at the memory device in a predefined phase alignment with respect to each of the first component signal and the second component signal. 7. The memory controller according to claim 2, embodied as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory controller. 8. An integrated circuit (IC) device to provide signals to a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) device, the IC device comprising:
a first transmit circuit to drive a chip select signal to the memory device; a second transmit circuit to drive, after a predetermined delay relative to the chip select signal, command and address (CA) signals to the memory device. 9. The IC device according to claim 8, wherein:
the first transmit circuit is to drive the chip select signal to the memory device via a first external signal path; and the second transmit circuit is to drive the command and address signals to the memory device via a second external signal path, wherein the predetermined delay compensates for a skew difference between the chip select signal propagating on the first external signal path and the chip select signal propagating on the second external signal path. 10. The IC device according to claim 9, wherein:
the first transmit circuit is responsive to a first timing signal to drive the chip select signal; the second transmit circuit is responsive to a second timing signal to drive the command and address signals; and wherein the second timing signal is delay offset relative to the first timing signal to delay transmission of the command and address signals relative to the chip select signal. 11. The IC device according to claim 10, wherein the delay offset of the second timing signal relative to the first timing signal is to be based on relative loading between the first external signal path and the second external signal path. 12. The IC device according to claim 10, further comprising:
a third transmitter to launch a timing signal to the memory device, the timing signal to accompany the control signal and the CA signals, and to arrive at the memory device in a predefined phase alignment with respect to the control signal and the CA signals. 13. The IC device according to claim 8, further comprising circuitry to store a value corresponding to the predetermined delay. 14. The IC device according to claim 13, wherein:
the circuitry to store the value includes circuitry to select one from a plurality of predetermined delay offset values, each of the plurality of predetermined delay offset values corresponding to a memory system topology and data rate. 15. The IC device according to claim 8, embodied as an IC dynamic random access memory (DRAM) memory controller. 16. An integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising:
interface circuitry to receive information from an off-chip serial presence detect (SPD) device during an initialization mode of operation; a first transmit circuit to drive a chip select signal to a memory device; a second transmit circuit to drive a command/address (CA) signal to the memory device; and circuitry to delay transmission of the CA signal relative to the chip select signal based on the information. 17. The IC chip according to claim 16, wherein the information comprises at least one from the group comprising:
memory system topology information and operational parameter information. 18. The IC chip according to claim 16, wherein the information indicates relative electrical loading between a CA signal path that routes the transmitted CA signal, and a control signal path that routes the chip select signal. 19. The IC chip according to claim 16, further comprising circuitry to store a value corresponding to the delay offset. 20. The IC chip according to claim 19, wherein the circuitry to delay offset transmission includes circuitry to select one from a plurality of transmit delays based on the information, each of the plurality of transmit delays corresponding to a memory system topology and data rate. 21. The IC chip according to claim 16, embodied as a DRAM memory controller IC chip. | 2,800 |
347,058 | 16,805,509 | 2,824 | A method for making a semiconductor memory device comprising a plurality of memory cells for storing one or more data values, the method comprising: exposing a pattern on a wafer for creating structures for a plurality of memory cells for the semiconductor memory device, wherein the pattern is exposed by means of one or more charged particle beams; and varying an exposure dose of the one or more charged particle beams during exposure of the pattern to generate a set of one or more non-common features in one or more structures of at least one of the memory cells, so that the structures of the at least one memory cell differ from the corresponding structures of other memory cells of the semiconductor memory device. | 1. A method for making a semiconductor memory device comprising a plurality of memory cells for storing one or more data values, the method comprising:
exposing a pattern on a wafer for creating structures for a plurality of memory cells for the semiconductor memory device, the structures comprising one or more common features of a plurality of the memory cells, wherein the pattern is exposed by means of one or more charged particle beams in a maskless pattern writer; and varying an exposure dose of the one or more charged particle beams during exposure of the pattern to generate a set of one or more non-common features in one or more structures of at least one of the memory cells, so that the structures of the at least one memory cell differ from the corresponding structures of other memory cells of the semiconductor memory device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor memory device stores an initial data value, the initial data value being determined at least in part by the set of non-common features of the semiconductor memory device. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor memory device generates an initial data value in one or more of the memory cells upon power-up of the semiconductor memory device, the initial data value being determined at least in part by the set of non-common features of the semiconductor memory device. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pattern exposed on the wafer is essentially the same for each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells, except for the exposure dose variation. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set of non-common features include a gate of a transistor forming part of one of the memory cells of the semiconductor memory device, and wherein the varying of the exposure dose of the one or more charged particle beams during exposure of the pattern creates a variation in a width and/or a length of the gate without removing the gate. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set of non-common features include an active region of a transistor or diode forming part of one of the memory cells of the semiconductor memory device, and wherein the varying of the exposure dose of the one or more charged particle beams during exposure of the pattern creates one or more openings in a resist layer covering the active area, wherein the openings result in a variation in an N+ or P+ doping of the active region of the transistor in a subsequent doping process. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the transistor or diode of the semiconductor memory device is non-functional as a result of the variation of the N+ or P+ doping of the active region of the transistor. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dose variation is derived from application of a dose modulation map to design layout related data used to prepare pattern data for controlling the charged particle beams. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the dose modulation map defines a relative change in a dose to be applied at a predefined portion of the pattern. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the dose modulation map defines an absolute dose to be applied at a predefined portion of the pattern. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the exposure dose variation results in variation of the set of non-common features within manufacturing tolerances of the feature. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor memory device is an SRAM or ROM. 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising incorporating the semiconductor memory device into a package to form a semiconductor chip. 14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising making a plurality of additional semiconductor memory devices, each semiconductor memory device made according to claim 1,
wherein the semiconductor memory device and the additional semiconductor memory devices form a set, wherein each semiconductor memory device of the set has a same number of memory cells as the other semiconductor memory devices of the set, and the memory cells of each semiconductor memory device of the set has a same structure as the memory cells of all of the other semiconductor memory devices of the set except for the non-common features, wherein the set of semiconductor memory devices comprises a plurality of subsets of semiconductor memory devices, each semiconductor memory device of the set being a member of only one of the subsets, and wherein the set of non-common feature of the semiconductor memory devices in a subset is the same, and is different from the set of non-common features of the semiconductor memory devices in every other subset. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein each semiconductor memory device of the set generates an initial data value upon power-up, the initial data value being determined at least in part by the set of non-common features of the semiconductor memory device. 16. A semiconductor memory device comprising a plurality of memory cells for storing one or more data values,
wherein the semiconductor memory device is a member of a set of semiconductor memory devices, wherein each semiconductor memory device of the set has a same number of memory cells as all of the other semiconductor memory devices of the set, and the memory cells of each semiconductor memory device of the set has a same structure as the memory cells of all of the other semiconductor memory devices of the set except for a set of one or more non-common features, wherein the set of semiconductor memory devices comprises a plurality of subsets of semiconductor memory devices, each semiconductor memory device of the set being a member of only one of the subsets, wherein the semiconductor memory device stores an initial data value upon power-up of the semiconductor memory device, wherein the initial data value is determined at least in part by the set of non-common features of the semiconductor memory device, and wherein the initial data value of the semiconductor memory device is the same as the initial data value of the semiconductor memory devices in each subset and is different from the initial data value of the semiconductor memory devices in every other subset. 17. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 16, wherein the set of non-common features includes a gate of a transistor forming part of one of the memory cells of the semiconductor memory device, and wherein a width and/or a length of the gate is the same as a corresponding width and/or length of the gate of a corresponding transistor of the semiconductor memory devices in each subset, and is different from a corresponding width and/or length of the gate of a corresponding transistor of the semiconductor memory devices in every other subset. 18. The semiconductor memory device according claim 16, wherein the set of non-common features includes an active region of a transistor forming part of one of the memory cells of the semiconductor memory device, wherein an N+ or P+ doping of the active region is the same as a corresponding active region of a corresponding transistor of the semiconductor memory devices in each subset, and is different from a corresponding active region of a corresponding transistor of the semiconductor memory devices in every other subset. 19. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 18, wherein the transistor of the semiconductor memory device is non-functional as a result of the N+ or P+ doping of the active region of the circuit element. 20. A maskless pattern writer such as a charged particle multi-beamlet lithography machine (1), configured to expose a pattern on a surface of a target such as a wafer for making a semiconductor memory device using the method according claim 1. | A method for making a semiconductor memory device comprising a plurality of memory cells for storing one or more data values, the method comprising: exposing a pattern on a wafer for creating structures for a plurality of memory cells for the semiconductor memory device, wherein the pattern is exposed by means of one or more charged particle beams; and varying an exposure dose of the one or more charged particle beams during exposure of the pattern to generate a set of one or more non-common features in one or more structures of at least one of the memory cells, so that the structures of the at least one memory cell differ from the corresponding structures of other memory cells of the semiconductor memory device.1. A method for making a semiconductor memory device comprising a plurality of memory cells for storing one or more data values, the method comprising:
exposing a pattern on a wafer for creating structures for a plurality of memory cells for the semiconductor memory device, the structures comprising one or more common features of a plurality of the memory cells, wherein the pattern is exposed by means of one or more charged particle beams in a maskless pattern writer; and varying an exposure dose of the one or more charged particle beams during exposure of the pattern to generate a set of one or more non-common features in one or more structures of at least one of the memory cells, so that the structures of the at least one memory cell differ from the corresponding structures of other memory cells of the semiconductor memory device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor memory device stores an initial data value, the initial data value being determined at least in part by the set of non-common features of the semiconductor memory device. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor memory device generates an initial data value in one or more of the memory cells upon power-up of the semiconductor memory device, the initial data value being determined at least in part by the set of non-common features of the semiconductor memory device. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pattern exposed on the wafer is essentially the same for each memory cell of the plurality of memory cells, except for the exposure dose variation. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set of non-common features include a gate of a transistor forming part of one of the memory cells of the semiconductor memory device, and wherein the varying of the exposure dose of the one or more charged particle beams during exposure of the pattern creates a variation in a width and/or a length of the gate without removing the gate. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set of non-common features include an active region of a transistor or diode forming part of one of the memory cells of the semiconductor memory device, and wherein the varying of the exposure dose of the one or more charged particle beams during exposure of the pattern creates one or more openings in a resist layer covering the active area, wherein the openings result in a variation in an N+ or P+ doping of the active region of the transistor in a subsequent doping process. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the transistor or diode of the semiconductor memory device is non-functional as a result of the variation of the N+ or P+ doping of the active region of the transistor. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dose variation is derived from application of a dose modulation map to design layout related data used to prepare pattern data for controlling the charged particle beams. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the dose modulation map defines a relative change in a dose to be applied at a predefined portion of the pattern. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the dose modulation map defines an absolute dose to be applied at a predefined portion of the pattern. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the exposure dose variation results in variation of the set of non-common features within manufacturing tolerances of the feature. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor memory device is an SRAM or ROM. 13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising incorporating the semiconductor memory device into a package to form a semiconductor chip. 14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising making a plurality of additional semiconductor memory devices, each semiconductor memory device made according to claim 1,
wherein the semiconductor memory device and the additional semiconductor memory devices form a set, wherein each semiconductor memory device of the set has a same number of memory cells as the other semiconductor memory devices of the set, and the memory cells of each semiconductor memory device of the set has a same structure as the memory cells of all of the other semiconductor memory devices of the set except for the non-common features, wherein the set of semiconductor memory devices comprises a plurality of subsets of semiconductor memory devices, each semiconductor memory device of the set being a member of only one of the subsets, and wherein the set of non-common feature of the semiconductor memory devices in a subset is the same, and is different from the set of non-common features of the semiconductor memory devices in every other subset. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein each semiconductor memory device of the set generates an initial data value upon power-up, the initial data value being determined at least in part by the set of non-common features of the semiconductor memory device. 16. A semiconductor memory device comprising a plurality of memory cells for storing one or more data values,
wherein the semiconductor memory device is a member of a set of semiconductor memory devices, wherein each semiconductor memory device of the set has a same number of memory cells as all of the other semiconductor memory devices of the set, and the memory cells of each semiconductor memory device of the set has a same structure as the memory cells of all of the other semiconductor memory devices of the set except for a set of one or more non-common features, wherein the set of semiconductor memory devices comprises a plurality of subsets of semiconductor memory devices, each semiconductor memory device of the set being a member of only one of the subsets, wherein the semiconductor memory device stores an initial data value upon power-up of the semiconductor memory device, wherein the initial data value is determined at least in part by the set of non-common features of the semiconductor memory device, and wherein the initial data value of the semiconductor memory device is the same as the initial data value of the semiconductor memory devices in each subset and is different from the initial data value of the semiconductor memory devices in every other subset. 17. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 16, wherein the set of non-common features includes a gate of a transistor forming part of one of the memory cells of the semiconductor memory device, and wherein a width and/or a length of the gate is the same as a corresponding width and/or length of the gate of a corresponding transistor of the semiconductor memory devices in each subset, and is different from a corresponding width and/or length of the gate of a corresponding transistor of the semiconductor memory devices in every other subset. 18. The semiconductor memory device according claim 16, wherein the set of non-common features includes an active region of a transistor forming part of one of the memory cells of the semiconductor memory device, wherein an N+ or P+ doping of the active region is the same as a corresponding active region of a corresponding transistor of the semiconductor memory devices in each subset, and is different from a corresponding active region of a corresponding transistor of the semiconductor memory devices in every other subset. 19. The semiconductor memory device according to claim 18, wherein the transistor of the semiconductor memory device is non-functional as a result of the N+ or P+ doping of the active region of the circuit element. 20. A maskless pattern writer such as a charged particle multi-beamlet lithography machine (1), configured to expose a pattern on a surface of a target such as a wafer for making a semiconductor memory device using the method according claim 1. | 2,800 |
347,059 | 16,805,534 | 2,154 | A system for organizing a collection of documents from multiple sources, identifying which are different versions of the same content, and using metadata from those documents to provide an ordered collection to display the iterations as a lineage. For text-based documents the system determines which documents are different versions of the same using content analysis techniques. For non-text-based documents, a different mechanism based on file names is performed that detects common conventions for iterating on file names. | 1. A document lineage system configured to:
a processor configured to:
receive electronic data representing a collection of documents;
identify multiple documents in the collection that have a group document property, the group document property including content of the document;
group the identified documents based each having the group document property that includes content of the document;
generate a signature for each of the documents in the group, each signature representative of content in each respective document;
compare the signature for each of the documents in the group to determine a percentage of overlap of content between each of the documents in the group;
generate a score for each comparison that correlates with a relative value for the percentage of overlap of content between each of the documents;
identify comparisons for which the score is above a predetermined threshold value;
cluster the documents associated with the scores that are above the predetermined threshold value into a first cluster;
generate a first document lineage for the first cluster, the first document lineage representing a relationship between each of the documents in the first cluster based on relative scores;
for the documents in the collection of documents that do not have the group document property, compare a difference in filenames between the documents to determine a percentage of overlap score between each of the documents;
cluster the documents in the collection that do not have the group document property into a second cluster;
determine a document lineage for the collection of documents based on the score for the two or more of the documents that is above the predetermined threshold value;
generate a second document lineage for the second cluster, the second document lineage representing a relationship between each of the documents in the second cluster based on the comparison of the filenames; and
an output configured to output the first document lineage and the second document lineage. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the group document property is a document type associated with each document. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the group document property is a document family associated with each document. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to generate the signature using a MinHashing technique. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to compare the signature for each of the multiples of documents to determine a percentage of overlap of content between all of the multiples of documents using a Jaccard Similarity technique. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to cluster the documents based on the signature before the score is generated for each document. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to group the documents using a Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH) technique. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to identify sub-groups within the groups of documents, each sub-group identified based on a sub-group property of the document that is different from the group property of the document used to group the collection of documents. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the output is a user interface. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the user interface includes one or multiples of a display, an audio output, or a tactile output. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the documents include attachments to electronic mail messages. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the documents include data files stored on one or more of a server, computer network, or computer system. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more of the server, computer network, or computer system are configured to be accessible by multiple users. 14. A document lineage system, comprising:
a processor configured to:
group multiple text-based document files based on a group document property of each of the documents;
using a MinHashing technique, generate a file signature unique to each of the text-based document files, the file signature representing a user-readable content of the document;
using a Jaccard similarity technique, compare the file signatures for each of the document files to identify a percentage of overlap of content between multiples of the document files;
generate a score for each comparison based on the percentage of overlap of content between multiples of the text-based document files;
determine the score for two or more of the text-based documents is above a predetermined threshold;
determine that the score for two or more of the text-based documents is above a predetermined threshold;
generate a document lineage for the multiple text-based document files based on the score for the multiple text-based documents that are above the predetermined threshold;
group non-text-based documents;
generate a score for each of the non-text-based documents based on the Levenshtein distance between filenames of each of the non-text-based documents;
determine that the score for the non-text-based documents is above a threshold for non-text-based documents; and
generate a document lineage for the multiple non-text-based document files based on the score for the multiple non-text-based documents that are above the predetermined threshold; and
an output configured to output the document lineage for the text-based documents and the document lineage for the non-text-based documents. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the group document property is a document type associated with each of the document files. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the group document property is a document family associated with each of the document files. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to identify a sub-group within the group of multiple document files, each sub-group identified based on a sub-group property of the document that is different from the group document property of the document used to group the document files. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the output is a user interface. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the user interface includes one or multiples of a display, an audio output, or a tactile output. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the document files include data files stored on one or more of a server, computer network, or computer system configured to be accessible by multiple users. | A system for organizing a collection of documents from multiple sources, identifying which are different versions of the same content, and using metadata from those documents to provide an ordered collection to display the iterations as a lineage. For text-based documents the system determines which documents are different versions of the same using content analysis techniques. For non-text-based documents, a different mechanism based on file names is performed that detects common conventions for iterating on file names.1. A document lineage system configured to:
a processor configured to:
receive electronic data representing a collection of documents;
identify multiple documents in the collection that have a group document property, the group document property including content of the document;
group the identified documents based each having the group document property that includes content of the document;
generate a signature for each of the documents in the group, each signature representative of content in each respective document;
compare the signature for each of the documents in the group to determine a percentage of overlap of content between each of the documents in the group;
generate a score for each comparison that correlates with a relative value for the percentage of overlap of content between each of the documents;
identify comparisons for which the score is above a predetermined threshold value;
cluster the documents associated with the scores that are above the predetermined threshold value into a first cluster;
generate a first document lineage for the first cluster, the first document lineage representing a relationship between each of the documents in the first cluster based on relative scores;
for the documents in the collection of documents that do not have the group document property, compare a difference in filenames between the documents to determine a percentage of overlap score between each of the documents;
cluster the documents in the collection that do not have the group document property into a second cluster;
determine a document lineage for the collection of documents based on the score for the two or more of the documents that is above the predetermined threshold value;
generate a second document lineage for the second cluster, the second document lineage representing a relationship between each of the documents in the second cluster based on the comparison of the filenames; and
an output configured to output the first document lineage and the second document lineage. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the group document property is a document type associated with each document. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the group document property is a document family associated with each document. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to generate the signature using a MinHashing technique. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to compare the signature for each of the multiples of documents to determine a percentage of overlap of content between all of the multiples of documents using a Jaccard Similarity technique. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to cluster the documents based on the signature before the score is generated for each document. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor is further configured to group the documents using a Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH) technique. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to identify sub-groups within the groups of documents, each sub-group identified based on a sub-group property of the document that is different from the group property of the document used to group the collection of documents. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the output is a user interface. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the user interface includes one or multiples of a display, an audio output, or a tactile output. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the documents include attachments to electronic mail messages. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the documents include data files stored on one or more of a server, computer network, or computer system. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more of the server, computer network, or computer system are configured to be accessible by multiple users. 14. A document lineage system, comprising:
a processor configured to:
group multiple text-based document files based on a group document property of each of the documents;
using a MinHashing technique, generate a file signature unique to each of the text-based document files, the file signature representing a user-readable content of the document;
using a Jaccard similarity technique, compare the file signatures for each of the document files to identify a percentage of overlap of content between multiples of the document files;
generate a score for each comparison based on the percentage of overlap of content between multiples of the text-based document files;
determine the score for two or more of the text-based documents is above a predetermined threshold;
determine that the score for two or more of the text-based documents is above a predetermined threshold;
generate a document lineage for the multiple text-based document files based on the score for the multiple text-based documents that are above the predetermined threshold;
group non-text-based documents;
generate a score for each of the non-text-based documents based on the Levenshtein distance between filenames of each of the non-text-based documents;
determine that the score for the non-text-based documents is above a threshold for non-text-based documents; and
generate a document lineage for the multiple non-text-based document files based on the score for the multiple non-text-based documents that are above the predetermined threshold; and
an output configured to output the document lineage for the text-based documents and the document lineage for the non-text-based documents. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the group document property is a document type associated with each of the document files. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the group document property is a document family associated with each of the document files. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to identify a sub-group within the group of multiple document files, each sub-group identified based on a sub-group property of the document that is different from the group document property of the document used to group the document files. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the output is a user interface. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the user interface includes one or multiples of a display, an audio output, or a tactile output. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the document files include data files stored on one or more of a server, computer network, or computer system configured to be accessible by multiple users. | 2,100 |
347,060 | 16,805,563 | 2,872 | Provided are an apparatus and a computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a program that can determine keratoconus with a simple configuration so as to allow the apparatus and the program to be distributed widely and contribute to early diagnosis of keratoconus. | 1. A keratoconus determination apparatus comprising:
an obtaining portion configured to obtain at least two values among a refractive power or a curvature radius at a steep meridian of a cornea of an eye to be tested, a refractive power or a curvature radius at a flat meridian of the cornea, and an angle of the steep meridian or the flat meridian; and a determination portion configured to determine whether or not the eye to be tested has keratoconus, based on the values obtained by the obtaining portion. 2. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the obtaining portion obtains all of the refractive power or the curvature radius at the steep meridian of the cornea of the eye to be tested, the refractive power or the curvature radius at the flat meridian of the cornea, and the angle of the steep meridian or the flat meridian, and the determination portion determines whether or not the eye to be tested has keratoconus, based on all of the refractive power or the curvature radius at the steep meridian, the refractive power or the curvature radius at the flat meridian, and the angle of the steep meridian or the flat meridian, the all thereof being obtained by the obtaining portion. 3. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a storage portion configured to store a relational expression in which the values obtained by the obtaining portion are independent variables, and a value indicating likelihood of keratoconus is a dependent variable, wherein
the determination portion determines keratoconus based on the relational expression. 4. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the relational expression is a logistic regression equation. 5. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, in the logistic regression equation, a refractive power at a steep meridian of a cornea, a refractive power at a flat meridian of the cornea, and a dummy variable indicating whether an angle of the steep meridian is an angle classified as a with-the-rule astigmatism or another angle are independent variables, a first coefficient that is a regression coefficient of the refractive power at the steep meridian is a positive value, a second coefficient that is a regression coefficient of the refractive power at the flat meridian is a negative value, and a third coefficient that is a regression coefficient of the dummy variable is a negative value. 6. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the first coefficient is +1.707, the second coefficient is −0.997, and the third coefficient is −3.481. 7. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the determination portion determines whether or not an eye has keratoconus, according to comparison between a predetermined cutoff value and an output value obtained by substituting, into the relational expression, the values obtained by the obtaining portion. 8. A computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a program for causing a computer to perform:
obtaining at least two values among a refractive power or a curvature radius at a steep meridian of a cornea of an eye to be tested, a refractive power or a curvature radius at a flat meridian of the cornea, and an angle of the steep meridian or the flat meridian; and determining whether or not the eye to be tested has keratoconus, based on the values obtained in the obtaining. | Provided are an apparatus and a computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a program that can determine keratoconus with a simple configuration so as to allow the apparatus and the program to be distributed widely and contribute to early diagnosis of keratoconus.1. A keratoconus determination apparatus comprising:
an obtaining portion configured to obtain at least two values among a refractive power or a curvature radius at a steep meridian of a cornea of an eye to be tested, a refractive power or a curvature radius at a flat meridian of the cornea, and an angle of the steep meridian or the flat meridian; and a determination portion configured to determine whether or not the eye to be tested has keratoconus, based on the values obtained by the obtaining portion. 2. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the obtaining portion obtains all of the refractive power or the curvature radius at the steep meridian of the cornea of the eye to be tested, the refractive power or the curvature radius at the flat meridian of the cornea, and the angle of the steep meridian or the flat meridian, and the determination portion determines whether or not the eye to be tested has keratoconus, based on all of the refractive power or the curvature radius at the steep meridian, the refractive power or the curvature radius at the flat meridian, and the angle of the steep meridian or the flat meridian, the all thereof being obtained by the obtaining portion. 3. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a storage portion configured to store a relational expression in which the values obtained by the obtaining portion are independent variables, and a value indicating likelihood of keratoconus is a dependent variable, wherein
the determination portion determines keratoconus based on the relational expression. 4. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the relational expression is a logistic regression equation. 5. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, in the logistic regression equation, a refractive power at a steep meridian of a cornea, a refractive power at a flat meridian of the cornea, and a dummy variable indicating whether an angle of the steep meridian is an angle classified as a with-the-rule astigmatism or another angle are independent variables, a first coefficient that is a regression coefficient of the refractive power at the steep meridian is a positive value, a second coefficient that is a regression coefficient of the refractive power at the flat meridian is a negative value, and a third coefficient that is a regression coefficient of the dummy variable is a negative value. 6. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the first coefficient is +1.707, the second coefficient is −0.997, and the third coefficient is −3.481. 7. The keratoconus determination apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the determination portion determines whether or not an eye has keratoconus, according to comparison between a predetermined cutoff value and an output value obtained by substituting, into the relational expression, the values obtained by the obtaining portion. 8. A computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a program for causing a computer to perform:
obtaining at least two values among a refractive power or a curvature radius at a steep meridian of a cornea of an eye to be tested, a refractive power or a curvature radius at a flat meridian of the cornea, and an angle of the steep meridian or the flat meridian; and determining whether or not the eye to be tested has keratoconus, based on the values obtained in the obtaining. | 2,800 |
347,061 | 16,805,566 | 2,872 | A coaxial connector includes internal and external terminals, and an insulation member disposed between the terminals. The external terminal includes a holding portion that holds coaxial cables, and crimping portions. A crimping portion outermost in an arrangement direction of the cables is formed from a plate member bent to follow an outer circumference of the cable, and includes a connection portion connectable with the holding portion between both end portions in the arrangement direction. An inner hook extends inward in the arrangement direction from a point of intersection between the connection portion connectable with the holding portion and a virtual straight line orthogonal to the arrangement direction and passing a center of the cable, in a cross-sectional view orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the cable. An outer hook extends outward in the arrangement direction from the point of intersection. The inner hook is shorter than the outer hook. | 1. A coaxial connector configured to enable a plurality of coaxial cables to connect to the coaxial connector in parallel, the coaxial cables each including a central conductor and an outer conductor surrounding the central conductor, the coaxial connector comprising:
an internal terminal connected to the central conductor of each of the plurality of coaxial cables; an external terminal connected to the outer conductor of each of the plurality of coaxial cables, the external terminal including
a holding portion that holds the plurality of coaxial cables, and
a plurality of crimping portions disposed to correspond to the plurality of coaxial cables, such that
one of the crimping portions corresponding to one of the coaxial cables disposed outermost in an arrangement direction of the plurality of coaxial cables is formed from a plate member bent to follow an outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables,
the one of the crimping portions includes a connection portion connectable with the holding portion at a portion between both end portions of the one of the crimping portions in the arrangement direction of the plurality of coaxial cables, and
the one of the crimping portions includes an inner hook and an outer hook, the inner hook is shorter than the outer hook and extends inward in the arrangement direction from a point of intersection between the connection portion connectable with the holding portion and a virtual straight line orthogonal to the arrangement direction and passing a center of the one of the coaxial cables, in a cross-sectional view orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the one of the coaxial cables, and the outer hook extends outward in the arrangement direction from the point of intersection; and
an insulation member disposed between the internal terminal and the external terminal. 2. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein
the inner hook is shorter than a half of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables, and the outer hook is longer than the half of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 3. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein
the inner hook is longer than or equal to a quarter of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 4. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein
a total length of the inner hook and the outer hook is equal to a length of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 5. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein
the coaxial connector is configured to allow two of the coaxial cables to be connected thereto in parallel, and the inner hook of the one of the crimping portions corresponding to the one of the coaxial cables is adjacent to the inner hook of an other of the crimping portions corresponding to an other of the coaxial cables. 6. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein
the one of the crimping portions is disposed outermost in the arrangement direction of the plurality of crimping portions and includes, at at least one of free end portions of the inner hook and the outer hook thereof, an inclined portion where an inner surface of the one of the crimping portions facing the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables is inclined toward an outer surface opposite to the inner surface as the inner surface extends toward the free end portion. 7. A coaxial connector assembly comprising:
the coaxial connector according to claim 1; and the plurality of coaxial cables connected in parallel to the coaxial connector. 8. The coaxial connector incorporating coaxial cables according to claim 7, wherein
the one of the crimping portions crimps the outer conductor of the one of the coaxial cables. 9. The coaxial connector incorporating coaxial cables according to claim 7, wherein
the one of the coaxial cables includes an insulating coating surrounding the outer conductor of the one of the coaxial cables, and the one of the crimping portions crimps the outer conductor and the insulating coating of the one of the coaxial cables. 10. The coaxial connector according to claim 2, wherein
the inner hook is longer than or equal to a quarter of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 11. The coaxial connector according to claim 2, wherein
a total length of the inner hook and the outer hook is equal to a length of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 12. The coaxial connector according to claim 3, wherein
a total length of the inner hook and the outer hook is equal to a length of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 13. The coaxial connector according to claim 2, wherein
the coaxial connector is configured to allow two of the coaxial cables to be connected thereto in parallel, and the inner hook of the one of the crimping portions corresponding to the one of the coaxial cables is adjacent to the inner hook of an other of the crimping portions corresponding to an other of the coaxial cables. 14. The coaxial connector according to claim 3, wherein
the coaxial connector is configured to allow two of the coaxial cables to be connected thereto in parallel, and the inner hook of the one of the crimping portions corresponding to the one of the coaxial cables is adjacent to the inner hook of an other of the crimping portions corresponding to an other of the coaxial cables. 15. The coaxial connector according to claim 4, wherein
the coaxial connector is configured to allow two of the coaxial cables to be connected thereto in parallel, and the inner hook of the one of the crimping portions corresponding to the one of the coaxial cables is adjacent to the inner hook of an other of the crimping portions corresponding to an other of the coaxial cables. 16. The coaxial connector according to claim 2, wherein
the one of the crimping portions is disposed outermost in the arrangement direction of the plurality of crimping portions and includes, at at least one of free end portions of the inner hook and the outer hook thereof, an inclined portion where an inner surface of the one of the crimping portions facing the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables is inclined toward an outer surface opposite to the inner surface as the inner surface extends toward the free end portion. 17. The coaxial connector according to claim 3, wherein
the one of the crimping portions is disposed outermost in the arrangement direction of the plurality of crimping portions and includes, at at least one of free end portions of the inner hook and the outer hook thereof, an inclined portion where an inner surface of the one of the crimping portions facing the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables is inclined toward an outer surface opposite to the inner surface as the inner surface extends toward the free end portion. 18. The coaxial connector according to claim 4, wherein
the one of the crimping portions is disposed outermost in the arrangement direction of the plurality of crimping portions and includes, at at least one of free end portions of the inner hook and the outer hook thereof, an inclined portion where an inner surface of the one of the crimping portions facing the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables is inclined toward an outer surface opposite to the inner surface as the inner surface extends toward the free end portion. 19. A coaxial connector assembly comprising:
the coaxial connector according to claim 2; and the plurality of coaxial cables connected in parallel to the coaxial connector. 20. A coaxial connector assembly comprising:
the coaxial connector according to claim 3; and the plurality of coaxial cables connected in parallel to the coaxial connector. | A coaxial connector includes internal and external terminals, and an insulation member disposed between the terminals. The external terminal includes a holding portion that holds coaxial cables, and crimping portions. A crimping portion outermost in an arrangement direction of the cables is formed from a plate member bent to follow an outer circumference of the cable, and includes a connection portion connectable with the holding portion between both end portions in the arrangement direction. An inner hook extends inward in the arrangement direction from a point of intersection between the connection portion connectable with the holding portion and a virtual straight line orthogonal to the arrangement direction and passing a center of the cable, in a cross-sectional view orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the cable. An outer hook extends outward in the arrangement direction from the point of intersection. The inner hook is shorter than the outer hook.1. A coaxial connector configured to enable a plurality of coaxial cables to connect to the coaxial connector in parallel, the coaxial cables each including a central conductor and an outer conductor surrounding the central conductor, the coaxial connector comprising:
an internal terminal connected to the central conductor of each of the plurality of coaxial cables; an external terminal connected to the outer conductor of each of the plurality of coaxial cables, the external terminal including
a holding portion that holds the plurality of coaxial cables, and
a plurality of crimping portions disposed to correspond to the plurality of coaxial cables, such that
one of the crimping portions corresponding to one of the coaxial cables disposed outermost in an arrangement direction of the plurality of coaxial cables is formed from a plate member bent to follow an outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables,
the one of the crimping portions includes a connection portion connectable with the holding portion at a portion between both end portions of the one of the crimping portions in the arrangement direction of the plurality of coaxial cables, and
the one of the crimping portions includes an inner hook and an outer hook, the inner hook is shorter than the outer hook and extends inward in the arrangement direction from a point of intersection between the connection portion connectable with the holding portion and a virtual straight line orthogonal to the arrangement direction and passing a center of the one of the coaxial cables, in a cross-sectional view orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the one of the coaxial cables, and the outer hook extends outward in the arrangement direction from the point of intersection; and
an insulation member disposed between the internal terminal and the external terminal. 2. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein
the inner hook is shorter than a half of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables, and the outer hook is longer than the half of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 3. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein
the inner hook is longer than or equal to a quarter of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 4. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein
a total length of the inner hook and the outer hook is equal to a length of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 5. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein
the coaxial connector is configured to allow two of the coaxial cables to be connected thereto in parallel, and the inner hook of the one of the crimping portions corresponding to the one of the coaxial cables is adjacent to the inner hook of an other of the crimping portions corresponding to an other of the coaxial cables. 6. The coaxial connector according to claim 1, wherein
the one of the crimping portions is disposed outermost in the arrangement direction of the plurality of crimping portions and includes, at at least one of free end portions of the inner hook and the outer hook thereof, an inclined portion where an inner surface of the one of the crimping portions facing the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables is inclined toward an outer surface opposite to the inner surface as the inner surface extends toward the free end portion. 7. A coaxial connector assembly comprising:
the coaxial connector according to claim 1; and the plurality of coaxial cables connected in parallel to the coaxial connector. 8. The coaxial connector incorporating coaxial cables according to claim 7, wherein
the one of the crimping portions crimps the outer conductor of the one of the coaxial cables. 9. The coaxial connector incorporating coaxial cables according to claim 7, wherein
the one of the coaxial cables includes an insulating coating surrounding the outer conductor of the one of the coaxial cables, and the one of the crimping portions crimps the outer conductor and the insulating coating of the one of the coaxial cables. 10. The coaxial connector according to claim 2, wherein
the inner hook is longer than or equal to a quarter of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 11. The coaxial connector according to claim 2, wherein
a total length of the inner hook and the outer hook is equal to a length of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 12. The coaxial connector according to claim 3, wherein
a total length of the inner hook and the outer hook is equal to a length of the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables. 13. The coaxial connector according to claim 2, wherein
the coaxial connector is configured to allow two of the coaxial cables to be connected thereto in parallel, and the inner hook of the one of the crimping portions corresponding to the one of the coaxial cables is adjacent to the inner hook of an other of the crimping portions corresponding to an other of the coaxial cables. 14. The coaxial connector according to claim 3, wherein
the coaxial connector is configured to allow two of the coaxial cables to be connected thereto in parallel, and the inner hook of the one of the crimping portions corresponding to the one of the coaxial cables is adjacent to the inner hook of an other of the crimping portions corresponding to an other of the coaxial cables. 15. The coaxial connector according to claim 4, wherein
the coaxial connector is configured to allow two of the coaxial cables to be connected thereto in parallel, and the inner hook of the one of the crimping portions corresponding to the one of the coaxial cables is adjacent to the inner hook of an other of the crimping portions corresponding to an other of the coaxial cables. 16. The coaxial connector according to claim 2, wherein
the one of the crimping portions is disposed outermost in the arrangement direction of the plurality of crimping portions and includes, at at least one of free end portions of the inner hook and the outer hook thereof, an inclined portion where an inner surface of the one of the crimping portions facing the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables is inclined toward an outer surface opposite to the inner surface as the inner surface extends toward the free end portion. 17. The coaxial connector according to claim 3, wherein
the one of the crimping portions is disposed outermost in the arrangement direction of the plurality of crimping portions and includes, at at least one of free end portions of the inner hook and the outer hook thereof, an inclined portion where an inner surface of the one of the crimping portions facing the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables is inclined toward an outer surface opposite to the inner surface as the inner surface extends toward the free end portion. 18. The coaxial connector according to claim 4, wherein
the one of the crimping portions is disposed outermost in the arrangement direction of the plurality of crimping portions and includes, at at least one of free end portions of the inner hook and the outer hook thereof, an inclined portion where an inner surface of the one of the crimping portions facing the outer circumference of the one of the coaxial cables is inclined toward an outer surface opposite to the inner surface as the inner surface extends toward the free end portion. 19. A coaxial connector assembly comprising:
the coaxial connector according to claim 2; and the plurality of coaxial cables connected in parallel to the coaxial connector. 20. A coaxial connector assembly comprising:
the coaxial connector according to claim 3; and the plurality of coaxial cables connected in parallel to the coaxial connector. | 2,800 |
347,062 | 16,805,453 | 2,872 | The present invention is directed to antibodies, including novel antigen binding domains and heterodimeric antibodies, that bind Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (ENPP3). | 1.-100. (canceled) 101. A composition comprising an Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (ENPP3) binding domain comprising:
a) a variable heavy domain comprising a vhCDR1 having SEQ ID NO: 253, a vhCDR2 having SEQ ID NO: 254, and a vhCDR3 having SEQ ID NO: 255; and b) a variable light domain comprising a vlCDR1 having SEQ ID NO: 257, a vlCDR2 having SEQ ID NO: 258, and a vlCDR3 having SEQ ID NO: 259. 102. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the variable heavy domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 252 and the variable light domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 256. 103. A polynucleotide composition comprising:
a) a first polynucleotide encoding the variable heavy domain of claim 102; and b) a second polynucleotide encoding the variable light domain of claim 102. 104. An expression vector composition comprising:
a) a first expression vector comprising the first polynucleotide according to claim 103; and b) a second expression vector comprising a second polynucleotide according to claim 103. 105. A host cell comprising the expression vector composition according to claim 104. 106. A method of making an Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (ENPP3) binding domain comprising culturing the host cell according to claim 105 under conditions wherein the ENPP3 binding domain is expressed, and recovering the ENPP3 binding domain. 107. A heterodimeric antibody comprising:
a) a first monomer comprising from N-terminus to C-terminus, a VH1-CH1-linker 1-scFv-linker 2-CH2-CH3, wherein VH1 is a first variable heavy domain, scFv is an anti-CD3 scFV, linker 1 and linker 2 are a first domain linker and second domain linker, respectively, and CH2-CH3 is a first Fc domain; b) a second monomer comprising from N-terminus to C-terminus a VH2-CH1-hinge-CH2-CH3, wherein VH2 is a second variable heavy domain and CH2-CH3 is a second Fc domain; and c) a common light chain comprising a variable light domain; wherein the first variable heavy domain and the variable light domain form a first ENPP3 binding domain, and the second variable heavy domain and the variable light domain form a second ENPP3 binding domain, wherein each of the first variable heavy domain and second variable heavy domain comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:252 and wherein the variable light domain comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:256. 108. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 107, wherein the anti-CD3 scFv comprises:
a) an scFv variable heavy domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:167; and b) an scFv variable light domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:163. 109. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 108, wherein the anti-CD3 scFv is oriented from N-terminus to C-terminus: scFv variable light domain-scFv linker-scFv variable heavy domain. 110. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 107, wherein the first and second monomers comprise a set of heterodimerization variants, wherein the set of heterodimerization variants selected is from the group consisting of S364K/E357Q: L368D/K370S; S364K: L368D/K370S; S364K: L368E/K370S; D401K: T411E/K360E/Q362E; and T366W: T366S/L368A/Y407V, wherein numbering is according to EU numbering. 111. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 110, wherein the first and second monomers further comprise amino acid substitutions E233P/L234V/L235A/G236del/S267K, wherein numbering is according to EU numbering. 112. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 110, wherein CH1-hinge-CH2-C3 of the second monomer further comprises amino acid substitutions N208D/Q295E/N384D/Q418E/N421D. 113. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 107, wherein the monomer comprises amino acid variants S364K/E357Q/E233P/L234V/L235A/G236del/S267K,
wherein the second monomer comprises amino acid variants L368D/K370S/N208D/Q295E/N384D/Q418E/N421D/E233P/L234V/L235A/G236del/S267K, and wherein numbering is according to EU numbering. 114. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 113, wherein the anti-CD3 scFv comprises an scFv linker having the amino acid sequence (GKPGS)4. 115. A heterodimeric antibody according to 113, wherein the first and second variant Fc domains each further comprise amino acid variants 428L/434S, wherein numbering is according to EU numbering. 116. A polynucleotide composition comprising:
a) a first polynucleotide encoding the first monomer of claim 107; b) a second polynucleotide encoding the second monomer of claim 107; and c) a third polynucleotide encoding the common light chain of claim 107. 117. An expression vector composition comprising:
a) a first expression vector comprising the first polynucleotide of claim 116; b) a second expression vector comprising the second polynucleotide of claim 116; and c) a third expression vector comprising the third polynucleotide of claim 116. 118. A host cell comprising the expression vector composition of claim 117. 119. A heterodimeric antibody comprising:
a) a first monomer comprising:
i) a first IgG Fc domain; and
ii) a single chain variable fragment (scFv) comprising a first variable heavy domain, a first variable light domain, and a linker that attaches said first variable heavy domain with said first variable light domain;
b) a second monomer comprising:
i) a VH-CH1-hinge-CH2-CH3 monomer, wherein VH is a second variable heavy domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 252, and CH2-CH3 is a second IgG Fc domain; and
c) a light chain comprising a second variable light domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 256, wherein said second variable heavy domain and said second variable light domain form an ENPP3 binding domain. 120. A heterodimeric antibody comprising:
a) a first monomer comprising SEQ ID NO: 531 b) a second monomer comprising SEQ ID NO: 532; and c) a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 533. 121. A polynucleotide composition comprising:
a) a first polynucleotide encoding the first monomer of claim 120; b) a second polynucleotide encoding the second monomer of claim 120; and c) a third polynucleotide encoding the common light chain of claim 120. 122. An expression vector composition comprising:
a) a first expression vector comprising the first polynucleotide of claim 121; b) a second expression vector comprising the second polynucleotide of claim 121; and c) a third expression vector comprising the third polynucleotide of claim 121. 123. A host cell comprising the expression vector composition of claim 122. | The present invention is directed to antibodies, including novel antigen binding domains and heterodimeric antibodies, that bind Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (ENPP3).1.-100. (canceled) 101. A composition comprising an Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (ENPP3) binding domain comprising:
a) a variable heavy domain comprising a vhCDR1 having SEQ ID NO: 253, a vhCDR2 having SEQ ID NO: 254, and a vhCDR3 having SEQ ID NO: 255; and b) a variable light domain comprising a vlCDR1 having SEQ ID NO: 257, a vlCDR2 having SEQ ID NO: 258, and a vlCDR3 having SEQ ID NO: 259. 102. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the variable heavy domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 252 and the variable light domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 256. 103. A polynucleotide composition comprising:
a) a first polynucleotide encoding the variable heavy domain of claim 102; and b) a second polynucleotide encoding the variable light domain of claim 102. 104. An expression vector composition comprising:
a) a first expression vector comprising the first polynucleotide according to claim 103; and b) a second expression vector comprising a second polynucleotide according to claim 103. 105. A host cell comprising the expression vector composition according to claim 104. 106. A method of making an Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (ENPP3) binding domain comprising culturing the host cell according to claim 105 under conditions wherein the ENPP3 binding domain is expressed, and recovering the ENPP3 binding domain. 107. A heterodimeric antibody comprising:
a) a first monomer comprising from N-terminus to C-terminus, a VH1-CH1-linker 1-scFv-linker 2-CH2-CH3, wherein VH1 is a first variable heavy domain, scFv is an anti-CD3 scFV, linker 1 and linker 2 are a first domain linker and second domain linker, respectively, and CH2-CH3 is a first Fc domain; b) a second monomer comprising from N-terminus to C-terminus a VH2-CH1-hinge-CH2-CH3, wherein VH2 is a second variable heavy domain and CH2-CH3 is a second Fc domain; and c) a common light chain comprising a variable light domain; wherein the first variable heavy domain and the variable light domain form a first ENPP3 binding domain, and the second variable heavy domain and the variable light domain form a second ENPP3 binding domain, wherein each of the first variable heavy domain and second variable heavy domain comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:252 and wherein the variable light domain comprise the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:256. 108. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 107, wherein the anti-CD3 scFv comprises:
a) an scFv variable heavy domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:167; and b) an scFv variable light domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:163. 109. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 108, wherein the anti-CD3 scFv is oriented from N-terminus to C-terminus: scFv variable light domain-scFv linker-scFv variable heavy domain. 110. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 107, wherein the first and second monomers comprise a set of heterodimerization variants, wherein the set of heterodimerization variants selected is from the group consisting of S364K/E357Q: L368D/K370S; S364K: L368D/K370S; S364K: L368E/K370S; D401K: T411E/K360E/Q362E; and T366W: T366S/L368A/Y407V, wherein numbering is according to EU numbering. 111. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 110, wherein the first and second monomers further comprise amino acid substitutions E233P/L234V/L235A/G236del/S267K, wherein numbering is according to EU numbering. 112. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 110, wherein CH1-hinge-CH2-C3 of the second monomer further comprises amino acid substitutions N208D/Q295E/N384D/Q418E/N421D. 113. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 107, wherein the monomer comprises amino acid variants S364K/E357Q/E233P/L234V/L235A/G236del/S267K,
wherein the second monomer comprises amino acid variants L368D/K370S/N208D/Q295E/N384D/Q418E/N421D/E233P/L234V/L235A/G236del/S267K, and wherein numbering is according to EU numbering. 114. A heterodimeric antibody according to claim 113, wherein the anti-CD3 scFv comprises an scFv linker having the amino acid sequence (GKPGS)4. 115. A heterodimeric antibody according to 113, wherein the first and second variant Fc domains each further comprise amino acid variants 428L/434S, wherein numbering is according to EU numbering. 116. A polynucleotide composition comprising:
a) a first polynucleotide encoding the first monomer of claim 107; b) a second polynucleotide encoding the second monomer of claim 107; and c) a third polynucleotide encoding the common light chain of claim 107. 117. An expression vector composition comprising:
a) a first expression vector comprising the first polynucleotide of claim 116; b) a second expression vector comprising the second polynucleotide of claim 116; and c) a third expression vector comprising the third polynucleotide of claim 116. 118. A host cell comprising the expression vector composition of claim 117. 119. A heterodimeric antibody comprising:
a) a first monomer comprising:
i) a first IgG Fc domain; and
ii) a single chain variable fragment (scFv) comprising a first variable heavy domain, a first variable light domain, and a linker that attaches said first variable heavy domain with said first variable light domain;
b) a second monomer comprising:
i) a VH-CH1-hinge-CH2-CH3 monomer, wherein VH is a second variable heavy domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 252, and CH2-CH3 is a second IgG Fc domain; and
c) a light chain comprising a second variable light domain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 256, wherein said second variable heavy domain and said second variable light domain form an ENPP3 binding domain. 120. A heterodimeric antibody comprising:
a) a first monomer comprising SEQ ID NO: 531 b) a second monomer comprising SEQ ID NO: 532; and c) a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 533. 121. A polynucleotide composition comprising:
a) a first polynucleotide encoding the first monomer of claim 120; b) a second polynucleotide encoding the second monomer of claim 120; and c) a third polynucleotide encoding the common light chain of claim 120. 122. An expression vector composition comprising:
a) a first expression vector comprising the first polynucleotide of claim 121; b) a second expression vector comprising the second polynucleotide of claim 121; and c) a third expression vector comprising the third polynucleotide of claim 121. 123. A host cell comprising the expression vector composition of claim 122. | 2,800 |
347,063 | 16,805,578 | 2,872 | A method for searching a video and equipment with a video search function are provided. The method for searching a video includes constructing a video DB by analyzing continuity of a tag given to an appearing object and extracting section information about the tag, and detecting video information. An object may be recognized, a video database may be constructed, and a video may be searched on the basis of analysis based on an artificial intelligence (AI) model through a 5G network. | 1. A method for searching a video, comprising:
constructing a video database (DB) based on video information extracted from the video; and detecting video information that is matched with a search condition using the video DB, wherein constructing the video DB comprises: recognizing an object appearing in the video based on analysis of video frames of the video; determining a continuity of a tag associated with the recognized object; and extracting section information about the tag included in the video information based on the determination. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the object is recognized in a video frame of the video using an artificial intelligence model trained through supervised learning; and the artificial intelligence model is initially trained using an initial training data set and is further trained using on-device learning using the video corresponding to personal data of a user. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the continuity of the tag comprises extracting a confidence index of the tag, and the tag continuity is determined for one or more video frames for which the confidence index is greater than or equal to a threshold value. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted section information comprises at least:
section information about tags having a continuity greater than or equal to a threshold time; or section information about a tag having a high confidence index among the tags having the continuity greater than or equal to the threshold time. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting of the video information comprises:
receiving a video search condition; searching the video DB for the video information based on the received video condition; searching for a tag associated with the object recognized in the video; and determining the section information of the tag. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying a playlist for playing a section in which the recognized object appears based on detection of the video information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the displayed playlist comprises a thumbnail displayed as a start frame of a section having a relatively high confidence index of a tag among continuous tags, and a timestamp of the start frame. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
automatically playing a highlight comprising one or more appearance sections of at least one video in which objects related to at least one tag appear; and displaying identification information of a corresponding video when each of the one or more appearance sections is played. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein receiving the video search condition comprises:
receiving, via a voice input, at least recording time information, a tag related to a recording position, or a tag related to an appearing object; and recognizing a logical relationship between a plurality of search conditions through speech recognition. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected video information comprises at least video identification information, a tag given to the object, or a confidence index. 11. An apparatus with a video search capability, the apparatus comprising:
a storage memory configured to store a video database (DB) constructed based on a video file and video information extracted from the video file; a user input interface configured to receive a video search condition for searching the video information; and one or more processors configured to: search for the video information based on the received video search condition construct the video DB based on the video information;
recognize an object appearing in the video based on analysis of video frames of the video;
determine a continuity of a tag associated with the recognized object; and extract section information of a tag included in the video information. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the object is recognized in a video frame of the video using an artificial intelligence model trained through supervised learning; and the artificial intelligence model is initially trained using an initial training data set and is further trained using on-device learning using the video corresponding to personal data of a user. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein determining the continuity of the tag comprises extracting a confidence index of the tag, and the tag continuity is determined for one or more video frames for which the confidence index is greater than or equal to a threshold value. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the extracted section information comprises at least:
section information about tags having a continuity greater than or equal to a threshold time; or section information about a tag having a high confidence index among the tags having the continuity greater than or equal to the threshold time. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to detect the video information by:
searching the video DB for the video information based on the received video search condition; searching for a tag associated with the object recognized in the video, and detecting the section information of the tag, based on the video search condition. 16. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a display, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to control the display to display a playlist for playing a section in which the recognized object appears based on detection of the video information. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a display, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to control the display to display a thumbnail displayed as a start frame of a section having a relatively high confidence index of a tag among continuous tags, and a timestamp of the start frame. 18. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a display, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to control the display to play a highlight comprising one or more appearance sections of at least one video in which objects related to at least one tag appear, and to display identification information of a corresponding video when each of the one or more appearance sections is played. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a microphone configured to receive voice input, wherein receiving the video search condition comprises receiving a voice input comprising at least recording time information, a tag about a recording position, or a tag related to an appearing object,
wherein the one or more processors is further configured to recognize a logical relationship between a plurality of search conditions through speech recognition. 20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the detected video information comprises at least video identification information, a tag given to the object, or a confidence index. | A method for searching a video and equipment with a video search function are provided. The method for searching a video includes constructing a video DB by analyzing continuity of a tag given to an appearing object and extracting section information about the tag, and detecting video information. An object may be recognized, a video database may be constructed, and a video may be searched on the basis of analysis based on an artificial intelligence (AI) model through a 5G network.1. A method for searching a video, comprising:
constructing a video database (DB) based on video information extracted from the video; and detecting video information that is matched with a search condition using the video DB, wherein constructing the video DB comprises: recognizing an object appearing in the video based on analysis of video frames of the video; determining a continuity of a tag associated with the recognized object; and extracting section information about the tag included in the video information based on the determination. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the object is recognized in a video frame of the video using an artificial intelligence model trained through supervised learning; and the artificial intelligence model is initially trained using an initial training data set and is further trained using on-device learning using the video corresponding to personal data of a user. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the continuity of the tag comprises extracting a confidence index of the tag, and the tag continuity is determined for one or more video frames for which the confidence index is greater than or equal to a threshold value. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted section information comprises at least:
section information about tags having a continuity greater than or equal to a threshold time; or section information about a tag having a high confidence index among the tags having the continuity greater than or equal to the threshold time. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting of the video information comprises:
receiving a video search condition; searching the video DB for the video information based on the received video condition; searching for a tag associated with the object recognized in the video; and determining the section information of the tag. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying a playlist for playing a section in which the recognized object appears based on detection of the video information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the displayed playlist comprises a thumbnail displayed as a start frame of a section having a relatively high confidence index of a tag among continuous tags, and a timestamp of the start frame. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
automatically playing a highlight comprising one or more appearance sections of at least one video in which objects related to at least one tag appear; and displaying identification information of a corresponding video when each of the one or more appearance sections is played. 9. The method of claim 5, wherein receiving the video search condition comprises:
receiving, via a voice input, at least recording time information, a tag related to a recording position, or a tag related to an appearing object; and recognizing a logical relationship between a plurality of search conditions through speech recognition. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected video information comprises at least video identification information, a tag given to the object, or a confidence index. 11. An apparatus with a video search capability, the apparatus comprising:
a storage memory configured to store a video database (DB) constructed based on a video file and video information extracted from the video file; a user input interface configured to receive a video search condition for searching the video information; and one or more processors configured to: search for the video information based on the received video search condition construct the video DB based on the video information;
recognize an object appearing in the video based on analysis of video frames of the video;
determine a continuity of a tag associated with the recognized object; and extract section information of a tag included in the video information. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein:
the object is recognized in a video frame of the video using an artificial intelligence model trained through supervised learning; and the artificial intelligence model is initially trained using an initial training data set and is further trained using on-device learning using the video corresponding to personal data of a user. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein determining the continuity of the tag comprises extracting a confidence index of the tag, and the tag continuity is determined for one or more video frames for which the confidence index is greater than or equal to a threshold value. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the extracted section information comprises at least:
section information about tags having a continuity greater than or equal to a threshold time; or section information about a tag having a high confidence index among the tags having the continuity greater than or equal to the threshold time. 15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to detect the video information by:
searching the video DB for the video information based on the received video search condition; searching for a tag associated with the object recognized in the video, and detecting the section information of the tag, based on the video search condition. 16. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a display, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to control the display to display a playlist for playing a section in which the recognized object appears based on detection of the video information. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a display, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to control the display to display a thumbnail displayed as a start frame of a section having a relatively high confidence index of a tag among continuous tags, and a timestamp of the start frame. 18. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a display, wherein the one or more processors is further configured to control the display to play a highlight comprising one or more appearance sections of at least one video in which objects related to at least one tag appear, and to display identification information of a corresponding video when each of the one or more appearance sections is played. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a microphone configured to receive voice input, wherein receiving the video search condition comprises receiving a voice input comprising at least recording time information, a tag about a recording position, or a tag related to an appearing object,
wherein the one or more processors is further configured to recognize a logical relationship between a plurality of search conditions through speech recognition. 20. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the detected video information comprises at least video identification information, a tag given to the object, or a confidence index. | 2,800 |
347,064 | 16,805,555 | 2,872 | Microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices and associated methods are disclosed. Piezoelectric MEMS transducers (PMUTs) suitable for integration with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit (IC), as well as PMUT arrays having high fill factor for fingerprint sensing, are described. | 1. A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device, comprising:
a MEMS ultrasound transducer (MUT) structure and a piezoelectric material comprising scandium disposed within the MEMS device comprising a piezoelectric MUT (PMUT) array of a fingerprint sensor adapted to sense a characteristic of a fingerprint placed adjacent to the MUT structure; a first metal conductive layer disposed on the piezoelectric material; and a plurality of metal electrodes configured to form electrical connections between the first metal conductive layer, the piezoelectric material, and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) structure, wherein the pMUT structure and the CMOS structure are vertically stacked. 2. The MEMS device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second metal conductive layer disposed on the piezoelectric material and opposite the first metal conductive layer. 3. The MEMS device of claim 1, further comprising:
a stand-off formed on the piezoelectric material. 4. The MEMS device of claim 3, wherein the stand-off comprises a silicon dioxide layer deposited over the piezoelectric material. 5. The MEMS device of claim 3, wherein the MUT structure is bonded to the CMOS structure at the standoff via at least one of a eutectic bonding layer, a compression bond, or a conductive epoxy. 6. The MEMS device of claim 5, wherein the eutectic bonding layer comprises an aluminum-germanium eutectic bonding layer. 7. The MEMS device of claim 5, wherein the MUT structure is electrically coupled to the CMOS structure at the standoff. 8. The MEMS device of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric material comprises scandium doped aluminum nitride. 9. The MEMS device of claim 1, further comprising:
a piezoelectric layer comprising an aluminum nitride (AlN) seed layer, a bottom metal layer, and an aluminum nitride (AlN) layer. 10. The MEMS device of claim 1, wherein the PMUT array comprises the MUT structure in an array of MUT structures, wherein the MUT structure in the array of MUT structures are configured in at least one of a rhombus configuration or a hexagonal configuration. 11. The MEMS device of claim 10, wherein the MUT structure and the array of MUT structures comprise a first two of the array of MUT structures in the rhombus configuration and a second two of the array of MUT structures in the hexagonal configuration arranged as a unit cell. | Microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices and associated methods are disclosed. Piezoelectric MEMS transducers (PMUTs) suitable for integration with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit (IC), as well as PMUT arrays having high fill factor for fingerprint sensing, are described.1. A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device, comprising:
a MEMS ultrasound transducer (MUT) structure and a piezoelectric material comprising scandium disposed within the MEMS device comprising a piezoelectric MUT (PMUT) array of a fingerprint sensor adapted to sense a characteristic of a fingerprint placed adjacent to the MUT structure; a first metal conductive layer disposed on the piezoelectric material; and a plurality of metal electrodes configured to form electrical connections between the first metal conductive layer, the piezoelectric material, and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) structure, wherein the pMUT structure and the CMOS structure are vertically stacked. 2. The MEMS device of claim 1, further comprising:
a second metal conductive layer disposed on the piezoelectric material and opposite the first metal conductive layer. 3. The MEMS device of claim 1, further comprising:
a stand-off formed on the piezoelectric material. 4. The MEMS device of claim 3, wherein the stand-off comprises a silicon dioxide layer deposited over the piezoelectric material. 5. The MEMS device of claim 3, wherein the MUT structure is bonded to the CMOS structure at the standoff via at least one of a eutectic bonding layer, a compression bond, or a conductive epoxy. 6. The MEMS device of claim 5, wherein the eutectic bonding layer comprises an aluminum-germanium eutectic bonding layer. 7. The MEMS device of claim 5, wherein the MUT structure is electrically coupled to the CMOS structure at the standoff. 8. The MEMS device of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric material comprises scandium doped aluminum nitride. 9. The MEMS device of claim 1, further comprising:
a piezoelectric layer comprising an aluminum nitride (AlN) seed layer, a bottom metal layer, and an aluminum nitride (AlN) layer. 10. The MEMS device of claim 1, wherein the PMUT array comprises the MUT structure in an array of MUT structures, wherein the MUT structure in the array of MUT structures are configured in at least one of a rhombus configuration or a hexagonal configuration. 11. The MEMS device of claim 10, wherein the MUT structure and the array of MUT structures comprise a first two of the array of MUT structures in the rhombus configuration and a second two of the array of MUT structures in the hexagonal configuration arranged as a unit cell. | 2,800 |
347,065 | 16,805,569 | 2,872 | A vehicular alert system includes an autonomous aerial vehicle and a central computer. The autonomous aerial vehicle includes a processor, a display, and a detector. The processor controls a data transceiver. The detector detects one or more vehicular condition. The central computer communicates with the autonomous aerial vehicle via the data transceiver. The central computer includes a memory device. The memory device stores vehicular condition data and road condition data. The central computer communicates one of a vehicular condition or a road condition to the autonomous aerial vehicle. The processor of the autonomous aerial vehicle displays the received condition on the display. | 1. A vehicular alert system, comprising:
an autonomous aerial vehicle that includes a processor that controls a data transceiver, a display, and a detector that detects a vehicular condition or a road condition, wherein the data transceiver of the autonomous aerial vehicle transmits the vehicular condition or the road condition directly to at least one vehicle; and a central computer that communicates with the autonomous aerial vehicle via the data transceiver, the central computer having a memory device that stores the vehicular condition or the road condition, wherein the central computer communicates one of a vehicular condition or a road condition to the autonomous aerial vehicle, and the processor of the autonomous aerial vehicle displays the received condition on the display, wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle displays a reduced speed to an approaching vehicle that is reduced with respect to a legal speed limit, wherein the reduced speed is reduced by a predetermined amount based upon a type of vehicle being driven, a history of accidents nearby, current weather, a future weather forecast and a type of a real-time hazard detected ahead of the approaching vehicle by the autonomous aerial vehicle and compared to preset hazardous parameters stored in a look up table, and wherein the preset hazardous parameters stored in the lookup table include black ice, slippery roads, a traffic accident, road debris, animal debris, and potholes. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle includes a speed detector that detects vehicular speed. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein road condition data includes one of current traffic, weather, weather forecast, road conditions, history of accidents, history of a driver, and nearness to hazards. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein upon the autonomous aerial vehicle detecting a hazardous condition, the autonomous aerial vehicle is configured to report the condition to the central computer, display a warning message on the display, and hover at the site of the hazardous condition. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the central computer performs data analytics on aggregate crowd-sourced road condition data received from a plurality of vehicles in order to determine locations of real-time hazards contained within the aggregate of crowd-sourced road condition data, and
wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle is deployed by the central computer to a located real-time hazard prioritized according to recency and severity. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle determines an optimal speed at which a vehicle should move to arrive at the closest traffic light based on at least one of vehicular or road condition data, and the autonomous aerial vehicle outputs the optimal speed via the display. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle identifies and marks a speeding vehicle, and
wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle marks the speeding vehicle by attaching itself with a suction cup or by using a washable ink. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle posts a hazardous condition on the display and travels ahead of and positions the display to be viewable by a driver of a vehicle traveling at speed. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein multiple autonomous aerial vehicles are deployed to an estimated region of need to scour for undetected hazards and alert nearby vehicles when a previously undetected hazard is detected based on a rank-ordered estimate of the benefit of the presence of one or more autonomous aerial vehicles, and
wherein the rank-ordered estimate of benefit is based upon at least one of current weather, weather forecast, history of accidents, history of a driver, proximity to schools, work zones, parks, daycares and religious institutions. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein autonomous aerial vehicles survey an area, identify hazards, and make decisions about alerting drivers using local autonomous aerial vehicle-based logic, and
wherein the identified hazards include an estimated likelihood of vehicle skidding given an image-analyzed road curvature. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the detector includes a black ice detecting unit to detect black ice. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the location of at least one of road hazards including traffic jam, animal debris, potholes, and black ice is sent to authorities. 13. A vehicular alert method, comprising:
detecting at least one of a plurality of autonomous aerial vehicles, at least one of location, vehicular condition, one or more vehicular condition including vehicle speed, and one or more predefined road hazard condition; loading a central computer with road location and speed limit data via a wired or wireless network; and receiving at the central computer detected data including vehicular condition data and road condition data transmitted by the plurality of autonomous aerial vehicles, wherein multiple autonomous aerial vehicles are dynamically deployed based on road condition data and a rank-ordered estimate of the benefit of the presence of one or more autonomous aerial vehicles. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the hazardous condition is a traffic accident. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the hazardous condition is one or more of black ice, animal debris, potholes, and slippery roads. 16. The vehicular alert system of claim 1, wherein the detector further includes a microwave generator configured to provide a microwave carrier signal to a road surface, wherein the microwave carrier signal is emitted by a microwave horn-type sensor that includes a microwave diode configured to receive a reflected microwave signal from the road surface. | A vehicular alert system includes an autonomous aerial vehicle and a central computer. The autonomous aerial vehicle includes a processor, a display, and a detector. The processor controls a data transceiver. The detector detects one or more vehicular condition. The central computer communicates with the autonomous aerial vehicle via the data transceiver. The central computer includes a memory device. The memory device stores vehicular condition data and road condition data. The central computer communicates one of a vehicular condition or a road condition to the autonomous aerial vehicle. The processor of the autonomous aerial vehicle displays the received condition on the display.1. A vehicular alert system, comprising:
an autonomous aerial vehicle that includes a processor that controls a data transceiver, a display, and a detector that detects a vehicular condition or a road condition, wherein the data transceiver of the autonomous aerial vehicle transmits the vehicular condition or the road condition directly to at least one vehicle; and a central computer that communicates with the autonomous aerial vehicle via the data transceiver, the central computer having a memory device that stores the vehicular condition or the road condition, wherein the central computer communicates one of a vehicular condition or a road condition to the autonomous aerial vehicle, and the processor of the autonomous aerial vehicle displays the received condition on the display, wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle displays a reduced speed to an approaching vehicle that is reduced with respect to a legal speed limit, wherein the reduced speed is reduced by a predetermined amount based upon a type of vehicle being driven, a history of accidents nearby, current weather, a future weather forecast and a type of a real-time hazard detected ahead of the approaching vehicle by the autonomous aerial vehicle and compared to preset hazardous parameters stored in a look up table, and wherein the preset hazardous parameters stored in the lookup table include black ice, slippery roads, a traffic accident, road debris, animal debris, and potholes. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle includes a speed detector that detects vehicular speed. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein road condition data includes one of current traffic, weather, weather forecast, road conditions, history of accidents, history of a driver, and nearness to hazards. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein upon the autonomous aerial vehicle detecting a hazardous condition, the autonomous aerial vehicle is configured to report the condition to the central computer, display a warning message on the display, and hover at the site of the hazardous condition. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the central computer performs data analytics on aggregate crowd-sourced road condition data received from a plurality of vehicles in order to determine locations of real-time hazards contained within the aggregate of crowd-sourced road condition data, and
wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle is deployed by the central computer to a located real-time hazard prioritized according to recency and severity. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle determines an optimal speed at which a vehicle should move to arrive at the closest traffic light based on at least one of vehicular or road condition data, and the autonomous aerial vehicle outputs the optimal speed via the display. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle identifies and marks a speeding vehicle, and
wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle marks the speeding vehicle by attaching itself with a suction cup or by using a washable ink. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the autonomous aerial vehicle posts a hazardous condition on the display and travels ahead of and positions the display to be viewable by a driver of a vehicle traveling at speed. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein multiple autonomous aerial vehicles are deployed to an estimated region of need to scour for undetected hazards and alert nearby vehicles when a previously undetected hazard is detected based on a rank-ordered estimate of the benefit of the presence of one or more autonomous aerial vehicles, and
wherein the rank-ordered estimate of benefit is based upon at least one of current weather, weather forecast, history of accidents, history of a driver, proximity to schools, work zones, parks, daycares and religious institutions. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein autonomous aerial vehicles survey an area, identify hazards, and make decisions about alerting drivers using local autonomous aerial vehicle-based logic, and
wherein the identified hazards include an estimated likelihood of vehicle skidding given an image-analyzed road curvature. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the detector includes a black ice detecting unit to detect black ice. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the location of at least one of road hazards including traffic jam, animal debris, potholes, and black ice is sent to authorities. 13. A vehicular alert method, comprising:
detecting at least one of a plurality of autonomous aerial vehicles, at least one of location, vehicular condition, one or more vehicular condition including vehicle speed, and one or more predefined road hazard condition; loading a central computer with road location and speed limit data via a wired or wireless network; and receiving at the central computer detected data including vehicular condition data and road condition data transmitted by the plurality of autonomous aerial vehicles, wherein multiple autonomous aerial vehicles are dynamically deployed based on road condition data and a rank-ordered estimate of the benefit of the presence of one or more autonomous aerial vehicles. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the hazardous condition is a traffic accident. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the hazardous condition is one or more of black ice, animal debris, potholes, and slippery roads. 16. The vehicular alert system of claim 1, wherein the detector further includes a microwave generator configured to provide a microwave carrier signal to a road surface, wherein the microwave carrier signal is emitted by a microwave horn-type sensor that includes a microwave diode configured to receive a reflected microwave signal from the road surface. | 2,800 |
347,066 | 16,805,584 | 2,872 | A method for validating performance of a neural network trained using labeled training and validation data is provided. The method includes: determining proposed model parameters as potential updates to the neural network using the labeled validation data, performing a short-term validation on the proposed model parameters applied to the neural network based on the labeled validation data by comparing a first performance output based on the proposed model parameters and a second performance output based on currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network, updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters when the second performance output outperforms the first performance output with respect to the labeled validation data, performing a long-term validation on the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network, and performing an operation when a difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies within a threshold. | 1. A method for validating performance of a neural network trained using labeled training and validation data generated based on data collected by a device, the method comprising:
determining proposed model parameters as potential updates to the neural network using the labeled validation data, wherein the labeled validation data is derived from a same dataset collected by the device as the labeled training data; performing a short-term validation on the proposed model parameters applied to the neural network based on the labeled validation data by comparing a first performance output and a second performance output, wherein the first performance output is based on the proposed model parameters and the second performance output is based on currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network; updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters when the second performance output outperforms the first performance output with respect to the labeled validation data, performing a long-term validation on the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network by determining a difference between original model parameters applied to the neural network and the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network, wherein the updated currently-existing model parameters corresponds to up-to-date model parameters; and performing an operation when the difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies within a threshold. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising discarding the labeled training data and the labeled validation data when the first performance output outperforms the second performance output with respect to the labeled validation data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the operation comprises adjusting the updated currently-existing model parameters when the difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies outside the threshold,
wherein adjusting the updated currently-existing model parameters further comprises: setting the updated currently-existing model parameters to previously existing model parameters, performing a factory reset on the updated currently-existing model parameters to the original model parameters, or updating the updated currently-existing model parameters to a new set of model parameters over a network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the labeled validation data is labeled in accordance with a confidence level based on a first confidence condition, a second confidence condition, and a third confidence condition,
wherein the first confidence condition is determined by performing a data consistency check based on generating augmented data from each candidate data from among a subset of candidate data; wherein the generated augmented data are being used as inputs into the first neural network to determine a first confidence condition for each of the subset of candidate data, wherein the second confidence condition is determined by inputting the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment, wherein the second neural network is a version of the first neural network overfitted to the environment, wherein the third confidence condition is determined by performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, and wherein results from the clustering on the subset of candidate data are used as inputs into a third machine learning approach to determine a third confidence condition. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the first performance output and the second performance output is based on performing a stratification of k-folds. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the difference between original model parameters applied to the neural network and the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network is determined by comparing a first median average precision related to a first performance of the neural network with the original parameters and a second median average precision related to a second performance of the neural network with the updated currently-existing model parameters. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold or the original model parameters is set via updates over a network. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising saving an instance of the currently-existing model parameters as a previously existing model parameter before updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters further comprises transferring the proposed model parameters to a memory to replace the updated currently-existing model parameters, wherein the memory is accessible by a neuromorphic processor. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the labeled training data and validation data is sampled and augmented before performing the short-term validation and long-term validation. 11. An edge device for validating a performance of a neural network trained using labeled training and validation data generated based on data collected by the edge device, the edge device comprising:
one or more processors; a non-transitory memory; and one or more programs stored in the non-transitory memory, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the edge device to perform:
determining proposed model parameters as potential updates to the neural network using the labeled validation data, wherein the labeled validation data is derived from a same dataset collected by the edge device as the labeled training data;
performing a short-term validation on the proposed model parameters applied to the neural network based on the labeled validation data by comparing a first performance output and a second performance output, wherein the first performance output is based on the proposed model parameters and the second performance output is based on currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network;
updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters when the second performance output outperforms the first performance output with respect to the labeled validation data;
performing a long-term validation on the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network by determining a difference between original model parameters applied to the neural network and the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network, wherein the updated currently-existing model parameters corresponds to up-to-date model parameters; and
performing an operation when the difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies within a threshold. 12. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the edge device to perform discarding the labeled training data and the labeled validation data when the first performance output outperforms the second performance output with respect to the labeled validation data. 13. The edge device of claim 11, wherein performing the operation comprises adjusting the updated currently-existing model parameters when the difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies outside the threshold,
wherein adjusting the updated currently-existing model parameters further comprises: setting the updated currently-existing model parameters to a previously existing model parameters, performing a factory reset on the updated currently-existing model parameters to the original model parameters, or updating the updated currently-existing model parameters to a new set of model parameters over a network. 14. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the labeled validation data is labeled in accordance with a confidence level based on a first confidence condition, a second confidence condition, and a third confidence condition,
wherein the first confidence condition is determined by performing a data consistency check based on generating augmented data from each candidate data from among a subset of candidate data; wherein the generated augmented data are being used as inputs into the first neural network to determine a first confidence condition for each of the subset of candidate data, wherein the second confidence condition is determined by inputting the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment, wherein the second neural network is a version of the first neural network overfitted to the environment, wherein the third confidence condition is determined by performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, and wherein results from the clustering on the subset of candidate data are used as inputs into a third machine learning approach to determine a third confidence condition. 15. The edge device of claim 11, wherein comparing the first performance output and the second performance output is based on performing a stratification of k-folds. 16. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the difference between original model parameters applied to the neural network and the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network is determined by comparing a first median average precision related to a first performance of the neural network with the original parameters and a second median average precision related to a second performance of the neural network with the updated currently-existing model parameters. 17. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the threshold or the original model parameters is set via updates over a network. 18. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the edge device to save an instance of the currently-existing model parameters as a previously existing model parameter before updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters. 19. The edge device of claim 11, wherein updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters further comprises transferring the proposed model parameters to the memory to replace the updated currently-existing model parameters, wherein the memory is accessible by a neuromorphic processor. 20. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the labeled training data and validation data is sampled and augmented before performing the short-term validation and long-term validation. 21. A machine-readable non-transitory medium having stored thereon machine-executable instructions for validating performance of a neural network trained using labeled training and validation data generated based on data collected by a device, the instructions comprising:
determining proposed model parameters as potential updates to the neural network using the labeled validation data, wherein the labeled validation data is derived from a same dataset collected by the device as the labeled training data; performing a short-term validation on the proposed model parameters applied to the neural network based on the labeled validation data by comparing a first performance output and a second performance output, wherein the first performance output is based on the proposed model parameters and the second performance output is based on currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network; updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters when the second performance output outperforms the first performance output with respect to the labeled validation data, performing a long-term validation on the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network by determining a difference between original model parameters applied to the neural network and the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network, wherein the updated currently-existing model parameters corresponds to up-to-date model parameters; and performing an operation when the difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies within a threshold. | A method for validating performance of a neural network trained using labeled training and validation data is provided. The method includes: determining proposed model parameters as potential updates to the neural network using the labeled validation data, performing a short-term validation on the proposed model parameters applied to the neural network based on the labeled validation data by comparing a first performance output based on the proposed model parameters and a second performance output based on currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network, updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters when the second performance output outperforms the first performance output with respect to the labeled validation data, performing a long-term validation on the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network, and performing an operation when a difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies within a threshold.1. A method for validating performance of a neural network trained using labeled training and validation data generated based on data collected by a device, the method comprising:
determining proposed model parameters as potential updates to the neural network using the labeled validation data, wherein the labeled validation data is derived from a same dataset collected by the device as the labeled training data; performing a short-term validation on the proposed model parameters applied to the neural network based on the labeled validation data by comparing a first performance output and a second performance output, wherein the first performance output is based on the proposed model parameters and the second performance output is based on currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network; updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters when the second performance output outperforms the first performance output with respect to the labeled validation data, performing a long-term validation on the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network by determining a difference between original model parameters applied to the neural network and the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network, wherein the updated currently-existing model parameters corresponds to up-to-date model parameters; and performing an operation when the difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies within a threshold. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising discarding the labeled training data and the labeled validation data when the first performance output outperforms the second performance output with respect to the labeled validation data. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the operation comprises adjusting the updated currently-existing model parameters when the difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies outside the threshold,
wherein adjusting the updated currently-existing model parameters further comprises: setting the updated currently-existing model parameters to previously existing model parameters, performing a factory reset on the updated currently-existing model parameters to the original model parameters, or updating the updated currently-existing model parameters to a new set of model parameters over a network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the labeled validation data is labeled in accordance with a confidence level based on a first confidence condition, a second confidence condition, and a third confidence condition,
wherein the first confidence condition is determined by performing a data consistency check based on generating augmented data from each candidate data from among a subset of candidate data; wherein the generated augmented data are being used as inputs into the first neural network to determine a first confidence condition for each of the subset of candidate data, wherein the second confidence condition is determined by inputting the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment, wherein the second neural network is a version of the first neural network overfitted to the environment, wherein the third confidence condition is determined by performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, and wherein results from the clustering on the subset of candidate data are used as inputs into a third machine learning approach to determine a third confidence condition. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the first performance output and the second performance output is based on performing a stratification of k-folds. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the difference between original model parameters applied to the neural network and the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network is determined by comparing a first median average precision related to a first performance of the neural network with the original parameters and a second median average precision related to a second performance of the neural network with the updated currently-existing model parameters. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the threshold or the original model parameters is set via updates over a network. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising saving an instance of the currently-existing model parameters as a previously existing model parameter before updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters further comprises transferring the proposed model parameters to a memory to replace the updated currently-existing model parameters, wherein the memory is accessible by a neuromorphic processor. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the labeled training data and validation data is sampled and augmented before performing the short-term validation and long-term validation. 11. An edge device for validating a performance of a neural network trained using labeled training and validation data generated based on data collected by the edge device, the edge device comprising:
one or more processors; a non-transitory memory; and one or more programs stored in the non-transitory memory, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the edge device to perform:
determining proposed model parameters as potential updates to the neural network using the labeled validation data, wherein the labeled validation data is derived from a same dataset collected by the edge device as the labeled training data;
performing a short-term validation on the proposed model parameters applied to the neural network based on the labeled validation data by comparing a first performance output and a second performance output, wherein the first performance output is based on the proposed model parameters and the second performance output is based on currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network;
updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters when the second performance output outperforms the first performance output with respect to the labeled validation data;
performing a long-term validation on the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network by determining a difference between original model parameters applied to the neural network and the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network, wherein the updated currently-existing model parameters corresponds to up-to-date model parameters; and
performing an operation when the difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies within a threshold. 12. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the edge device to perform discarding the labeled training data and the labeled validation data when the first performance output outperforms the second performance output with respect to the labeled validation data. 13. The edge device of claim 11, wherein performing the operation comprises adjusting the updated currently-existing model parameters when the difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies outside the threshold,
wherein adjusting the updated currently-existing model parameters further comprises: setting the updated currently-existing model parameters to a previously existing model parameters, performing a factory reset on the updated currently-existing model parameters to the original model parameters, or updating the updated currently-existing model parameters to a new set of model parameters over a network. 14. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the labeled validation data is labeled in accordance with a confidence level based on a first confidence condition, a second confidence condition, and a third confidence condition,
wherein the first confidence condition is determined by performing a data consistency check based on generating augmented data from each candidate data from among a subset of candidate data; wherein the generated augmented data are being used as inputs into the first neural network to determine a first confidence condition for each of the subset of candidate data, wherein the second confidence condition is determined by inputting the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment, wherein the second neural network is a version of the first neural network overfitted to the environment, wherein the third confidence condition is determined by performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, and wherein results from the clustering on the subset of candidate data are used as inputs into a third machine learning approach to determine a third confidence condition. 15. The edge device of claim 11, wherein comparing the first performance output and the second performance output is based on performing a stratification of k-folds. 16. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the difference between original model parameters applied to the neural network and the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network is determined by comparing a first median average precision related to a first performance of the neural network with the original parameters and a second median average precision related to a second performance of the neural network with the updated currently-existing model parameters. 17. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the threshold or the original model parameters is set via updates over a network. 18. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the one or more programs, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the edge device to save an instance of the currently-existing model parameters as a previously existing model parameter before updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters. 19. The edge device of claim 11, wherein updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters further comprises transferring the proposed model parameters to the memory to replace the updated currently-existing model parameters, wherein the memory is accessible by a neuromorphic processor. 20. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the labeled training data and validation data is sampled and augmented before performing the short-term validation and long-term validation. 21. A machine-readable non-transitory medium having stored thereon machine-executable instructions for validating performance of a neural network trained using labeled training and validation data generated based on data collected by a device, the instructions comprising:
determining proposed model parameters as potential updates to the neural network using the labeled validation data, wherein the labeled validation data is derived from a same dataset collected by the device as the labeled training data; performing a short-term validation on the proposed model parameters applied to the neural network based on the labeled validation data by comparing a first performance output and a second performance output, wherein the first performance output is based on the proposed model parameters and the second performance output is based on currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network; updating the currently-existing model parameters with the proposed model parameters when the second performance output outperforms the first performance output with respect to the labeled validation data, performing a long-term validation on the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network by determining a difference between original model parameters applied to the neural network and the updated currently-existing model parameters applied to the neural network, wherein the updated currently-existing model parameters corresponds to up-to-date model parameters; and performing an operation when the difference between the original model parameters and the updated currently-existing model parameters lies within a threshold. | 2,800 |
347,067 | 16,805,547 | 2,872 | Embodiments described herein are directed to a tracking objects using a cognitive heterogeneous ad hoc mesh network. Participant objects transmit notification signals to inform other participant objects in line-of-sight of their position and movement. The participants also utilize echoes of the notification signals to detect and estimate the position and movement of non-participant objects. Participant objects can then share this positional information with one another to refine the estimated position and movement of non-participant objects. The position of each other participant and non-participant object is updated based on an individualized update rate that dynamically changes based on the distance and velocity of closure between the participant and the other participant or non-participant object. | 1. A computing device of a mobile participant, comprising:
a memory that stores computer instructions; and a processor that executes the computer instructions to perform actions, comprising:
determining a first position and first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device;
determining a second position and second kinematic information of an object in proximity to the mobile participant computing device;
determining a distance from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first position of the mobile participant computing device and the second position of the object;
determining a velocity of closure from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device and the second kinematic information of the object;
increasing a rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold;
decreasing the rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and
updating the second position and the second kinematic information of the object based on the rate. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
determining an accuracy of the second position of the object; increasing the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is below a third threshold; and decreasing the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is above a fourth threshold. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
requesting additional positional information of the object from a second mobile participant computing device that is in proximity to the object when an accuracy of the second position of the object is below a third threshold value; receiving the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant computing device; and determining an updated second position of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the second position of the object. 4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein determining the second position and the second kinematic information of the object, includes:
transmitting a notification signal that includes an identity of the mobile participant computing device and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; receiving, from the notification signal bouncing off the object, an echo signal that includes the identity and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; and determining the second position of the object relative to the mobile participant computing device based on the echo signal received by the mobile participant computing device. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein determining the second position and the second kinematic information of the object, includes:
receiving a notification signal from the object that includes the second position and the second kinematic information of the object. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
performing an action based on the updated position and the updated second kinematic information of the object with respect to the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device. 7. A method, comprising:
determining, by a computing device, a first position and first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; determining, by the computing device, a second position and second kinematic information of an object in proximity to the mobile participant computing device; determining, by the computing device, a distance from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first position of the mobile participant computing device and the second position of the object; determining, by the computing device, a velocity of closure from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device and the second kinematic information of the object; increasing, by the computing device, a rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold; decreasing, by the computing device, the rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and updating, by the computing device, the second position and the second kinematic information of the object based on the rate. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, an accuracy of the second position of the object; increasing, by the computing device, the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is below a third threshold; and decreasing, by the computing device, the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is above a fourth threshold. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
requesting, by the computing device, additional positional information of the object from a second mobile participant computing device that is in proximity to the object when an accuracy of the second position of the object is below a third threshold value; receiving, by the computing device, the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant computing device; and determining, by the computing device, an updated second position of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the second position of the object. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the second position and the second kinematic information of the object, includes:
transmitting, by the computing device, a notification signal that includes an identity of the mobile participant computing device and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; receiving, by the computing device, from the notification signal bouncing off the object, an echo signal that includes the identity and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; and determining, by the computing device, the second position of the object relative to the mobile participant computing device based on the echo signal received by the mobile participant computing device. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the second position and the second kinematic information of the object, includes:
receiving, by the computing device, a notification signal from the object that includes the second position and the second kinematic information of the object. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
performing, by the computing device, an action based on the updated position and the updated second kinematic information of the object with respect to the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
modifying, by the computing device, the rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object based on a combination of at least one of the following:
a probability of crossing trajectories between the object and the mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the object,
a maneuverability of the mobile participant, and
one or more environmental conditions associated with the object and the mobile participant. 14. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored computing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
determine a first position and first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; determine a second position and second kinematic information of an object in proximity to the mobile participant computing device; determine a distance from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first position of the mobile participant computing device and the second position of the object; determine a velocity of closure from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device and the second kinematic information of the object; increasing a rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold; decrease the rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object based on the rate. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
determine an accuracy of the second position of the object; increase the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is below a third threshold; and decrease the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is above a fourth threshold. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
request additional positional information of the object from a second mobile participant computing device that is in proximity to the object when an accuracy of the second position of the object is below a third threshold value; receive the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant computing device; and determine an updated second position of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the second position of the object. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions to cause the at least one processor to determine the second position and the second kinematic information of the object further cause the at least one processor to:
transmit a notification signal that includes an identity of the mobile participant computing device and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; receive from the notification signal bouncing off the object, an echo signal that includes the identity and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; and determine the second position of the object relative to the mobile participant computing device based on the echo signal received by the mobile participant computing device. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions to cause the at least one processor to determine the second position and the second kinematic information of the object further causes the at least one processor to:
receive a notification signal from the object that includes the second position and the second kinematic information of the object. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
perform an action based on the updated position and the updated second kinematic information of the object with respect to the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
modify the rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object based on a combination of at least one of the following:
a probability of crossing trajectories between the object and the mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the object,
a maneuverability of the mobile participant, and
one or more environmental conditions associated with the object and the mobile participant. | Embodiments described herein are directed to a tracking objects using a cognitive heterogeneous ad hoc mesh network. Participant objects transmit notification signals to inform other participant objects in line-of-sight of their position and movement. The participants also utilize echoes of the notification signals to detect and estimate the position and movement of non-participant objects. Participant objects can then share this positional information with one another to refine the estimated position and movement of non-participant objects. The position of each other participant and non-participant object is updated based on an individualized update rate that dynamically changes based on the distance and velocity of closure between the participant and the other participant or non-participant object.1. A computing device of a mobile participant, comprising:
a memory that stores computer instructions; and a processor that executes the computer instructions to perform actions, comprising:
determining a first position and first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device;
determining a second position and second kinematic information of an object in proximity to the mobile participant computing device;
determining a distance from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first position of the mobile participant computing device and the second position of the object;
determining a velocity of closure from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device and the second kinematic information of the object;
increasing a rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold;
decreasing the rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and
updating the second position and the second kinematic information of the object based on the rate. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
determining an accuracy of the second position of the object; increasing the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is below a third threshold; and decreasing the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is above a fourth threshold. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
requesting additional positional information of the object from a second mobile participant computing device that is in proximity to the object when an accuracy of the second position of the object is below a third threshold value; receiving the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant computing device; and determining an updated second position of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the second position of the object. 4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein determining the second position and the second kinematic information of the object, includes:
transmitting a notification signal that includes an identity of the mobile participant computing device and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; receiving, from the notification signal bouncing off the object, an echo signal that includes the identity and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; and determining the second position of the object relative to the mobile participant computing device based on the echo signal received by the mobile participant computing device. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein determining the second position and the second kinematic information of the object, includes:
receiving a notification signal from the object that includes the second position and the second kinematic information of the object. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
performing an action based on the updated position and the updated second kinematic information of the object with respect to the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device. 7. A method, comprising:
determining, by a computing device, a first position and first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; determining, by the computing device, a second position and second kinematic information of an object in proximity to the mobile participant computing device; determining, by the computing device, a distance from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first position of the mobile participant computing device and the second position of the object; determining, by the computing device, a velocity of closure from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device and the second kinematic information of the object; increasing, by the computing device, a rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold; decreasing, by the computing device, the rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and updating, by the computing device, the second position and the second kinematic information of the object based on the rate. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, an accuracy of the second position of the object; increasing, by the computing device, the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is below a third threshold; and decreasing, by the computing device, the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is above a fourth threshold. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
requesting, by the computing device, additional positional information of the object from a second mobile participant computing device that is in proximity to the object when an accuracy of the second position of the object is below a third threshold value; receiving, by the computing device, the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant computing device; and determining, by the computing device, an updated second position of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the second position of the object. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the second position and the second kinematic information of the object, includes:
transmitting, by the computing device, a notification signal that includes an identity of the mobile participant computing device and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; receiving, by the computing device, from the notification signal bouncing off the object, an echo signal that includes the identity and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; and determining, by the computing device, the second position of the object relative to the mobile participant computing device based on the echo signal received by the mobile participant computing device. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein determining the second position and the second kinematic information of the object, includes:
receiving, by the computing device, a notification signal from the object that includes the second position and the second kinematic information of the object. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
performing, by the computing device, an action based on the updated position and the updated second kinematic information of the object with respect to the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
modifying, by the computing device, the rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object based on a combination of at least one of the following:
a probability of crossing trajectories between the object and the mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the object,
a maneuverability of the mobile participant, and
one or more environmental conditions associated with the object and the mobile participant. 14. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored computing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
determine a first position and first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; determine a second position and second kinematic information of an object in proximity to the mobile participant computing device; determine a distance from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first position of the mobile participant computing device and the second position of the object; determine a velocity of closure from the object to the mobile participant computing device based on the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device and the second kinematic information of the object; increasing a rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold; decrease the rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object based on the rate. 15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
determine an accuracy of the second position of the object; increase the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is below a third threshold; and decrease the rate at which to update the second position of the object when the accuracy is above a fourth threshold. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
request additional positional information of the object from a second mobile participant computing device that is in proximity to the object when an accuracy of the second position of the object is below a third threshold value; receive the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant computing device; and determine an updated second position of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the second position of the object. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions to cause the at least one processor to determine the second position and the second kinematic information of the object further cause the at least one processor to:
transmit a notification signal that includes an identity of the mobile participant computing device and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; receive from the notification signal bouncing off the object, an echo signal that includes the identity and the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device; and determine the second position of the object relative to the mobile participant computing device based on the echo signal received by the mobile participant computing device. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions to cause the at least one processor to determine the second position and the second kinematic information of the object further causes the at least one processor to:
receive a notification signal from the object that includes the second position and the second kinematic information of the object. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
perform an action based on the updated position and the updated second kinematic information of the object with respect to the first position and the first kinematic information of the mobile participant computing device. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
modify the rate at which to update the second position and the second kinematic information of the object based on a combination of at least one of the following:
a probability of crossing trajectories between the object and the mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the object,
a maneuverability of the mobile participant, and
one or more environmental conditions associated with the object and the mobile participant. | 2,800 |
347,068 | 16,805,546 | 2,872 | Some implementations may involve providing a slot game in which the game outcome presentation may involve displaying a persistent moving symbol. In some examples, an initial persistent moving symbol position may be based, at least in part, on a first bet level. Determining a game outcome may involve determining whether a persistent moving symbol position is a prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position. If an initial persistent moving symbol position is not a prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position, a persistent moving symbol may be presented in a secondary persistent moving symbol position of a next game outcome. The secondary persistent moving symbol position may be closer to the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position than the initial persistent moving symbol position. | 1. A gaming device, comprising:
a display system including one or more displays; an interface system including at least one network interface and at least one user interface; and a control system including one or more processors, the control system being configured for:
receiving, via the interface system, user input corresponding to a first bet level;
receiving, via the interface system, user input for initiation of a first instance of a slot game;
determining a first game outcome and corresponding first display symbols for the first instance of the slot game, wherein:
determining the first game outcome involves determining that one of the first display symbols is a persistent moving symbol;
determining the first game outcome involves determining an initial persistent moving symbol position that is based, at least in part, on the first bet level; and
determining the first game outcome involves determining whether the initial persistent moving symbol position is a prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position;
controlling the display system to display the first game outcome, wherein displaying the first game outcome involves displaying the first display symbols at a plurality of display symbol positions on a display device of the display system, wherein the plurality of display symbol positions are arranged in a plurality of display symbol rows and display symbol columns;
receiving, via the interface system, user input for initiation of a second instance of the slot game;
determining a second game outcome and corresponding second display symbols for the second instance of the slot game, wherein, if determining the first game outcome involved determining that the initial persistent moving symbol position was not a prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position, determining the second game outcome involves:
determining that one of the second display symbols is the persistent moving symbol;
determining that a secondary persistent moving symbol position will be a display symbol position that is at least one of a display symbol row or a display symbol column towards the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position, relative to the initial persistent moving symbol position; and
controlling the display system to display the second game outcome. 2. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the initial persistent moving symbol position is an initial display symbol row and an initial display symbol column and wherein the initial display symbol column corresponds to the first bet level. 3. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein displaying the second game outcome involves presenting the persistent moving symbol in a secondary persistent moving symbol position, the secondary persistent moving symbol position being the initial display symbol row and a secondary display symbol column, the secondary display symbol column being adjacent to the initial display symbol column. 4. The gaming device of claim 3, wherein a prize triggered by the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position is a progressive jackpot. 5. The gaming device of claim 4, wherein the progressive jackpot corresponds to the initial display symbol row. 6. The gaming device of claim 4, wherein the progressive jackpot is one of a plurality of progressive jackpots and wherein a prize symbol for each of the plurality of progressive jackpots is displayed adjacent the plurality of display symbol positions. 7. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position is one of a plurality of prize-triggering persistent moving symbol positions. 8. The gaming device of claim 7, wherein the plurality of prize-triggering persistent moving symbol positions is arranged in a display symbol row or a display symbol column. 9. The gaming device of claim 8, wherein the plurality of prize-triggering persistent moving symbol positions are arranged in a prize-triggering display symbol column and wherein prize symbols corresponding to prizes triggered by each of the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol positions are displayed in a prize symbol column that is displayed adjacent to the prize-triggering display symbol column. 10. The gaming device of claim 9, wherein at least one of the prize symbols remains in a single row of the prize symbol column during multiple instances of the slot game. 11. The gaming device of claim 9, wherein at least one of the prize symbols is a moving prize symbol that is displayed in different rows of the prize symbol column during different instances of the slot game. 12. The gaming device of claim 11, wherein the moving prize symbol corresponds to the persistent moving symbol. 13. The gaming device of claim 12, wherein the moving prize symbol corresponds to a maximum prize that may be obtained when the persistent moving symbol is in the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position. 14. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein determining the first game outcome involves making a random number generator (RNG) call to a game processing backend system to determine whether one or more wild symbols will be presented adjacent to the initial persistent moving symbol position. 15. The gaming device of claim 14, wherein the wild symbols include exploding wild symbols. 16. The gaming device of claim 14, wherein an RNG outcome based on the RNG call indicates that one or more wild symbols will be presented adjacent to the initial persistent moving symbol position and wherein an RNG conversion engine refers to a weighted lookup table in order to determine a display symbol position for each of the one or more wild symbols. 17. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the control system is further configured for determining whether one of the first display symbols is a persistent moving symbol and wherein determining whether one of the first display symbols is a persistent moving symbol involves:
making a random number generator (RNG) call to a game processing backend system; determining an RNG outcome based on the RNG call; and providing the RNG outcome to an RNG conversion engine, wherein the RNG conversion engine refers to a weighted lookup table in order to determine whether one of the first display symbols is a persistent moving symbol. 18. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the initial persistent moving symbol position is not the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position and wherein the control system is further configured to award a multiplier at a display symbol position between the initial persistent moving symbol position and the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position. 19. The gaming device of claim 18, wherein the multiplier persists for more than one game instance. 20. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the control system is further configured for controlling the display system for presenting a feature game when it is determined that a persistent moving symbol position is a prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position and wherein presenting the feature game involves presenting an additional reel and spinning the additional reel to reveal an award of the feature game. | Some implementations may involve providing a slot game in which the game outcome presentation may involve displaying a persistent moving symbol. In some examples, an initial persistent moving symbol position may be based, at least in part, on a first bet level. Determining a game outcome may involve determining whether a persistent moving symbol position is a prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position. If an initial persistent moving symbol position is not a prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position, a persistent moving symbol may be presented in a secondary persistent moving symbol position of a next game outcome. The secondary persistent moving symbol position may be closer to the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position than the initial persistent moving symbol position.1. A gaming device, comprising:
a display system including one or more displays; an interface system including at least one network interface and at least one user interface; and a control system including one or more processors, the control system being configured for:
receiving, via the interface system, user input corresponding to a first bet level;
receiving, via the interface system, user input for initiation of a first instance of a slot game;
determining a first game outcome and corresponding first display symbols for the first instance of the slot game, wherein:
determining the first game outcome involves determining that one of the first display symbols is a persistent moving symbol;
determining the first game outcome involves determining an initial persistent moving symbol position that is based, at least in part, on the first bet level; and
determining the first game outcome involves determining whether the initial persistent moving symbol position is a prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position;
controlling the display system to display the first game outcome, wherein displaying the first game outcome involves displaying the first display symbols at a plurality of display symbol positions on a display device of the display system, wherein the plurality of display symbol positions are arranged in a plurality of display symbol rows and display symbol columns;
receiving, via the interface system, user input for initiation of a second instance of the slot game;
determining a second game outcome and corresponding second display symbols for the second instance of the slot game, wherein, if determining the first game outcome involved determining that the initial persistent moving symbol position was not a prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position, determining the second game outcome involves:
determining that one of the second display symbols is the persistent moving symbol;
determining that a secondary persistent moving symbol position will be a display symbol position that is at least one of a display symbol row or a display symbol column towards the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position, relative to the initial persistent moving symbol position; and
controlling the display system to display the second game outcome. 2. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the initial persistent moving symbol position is an initial display symbol row and an initial display symbol column and wherein the initial display symbol column corresponds to the first bet level. 3. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein displaying the second game outcome involves presenting the persistent moving symbol in a secondary persistent moving symbol position, the secondary persistent moving symbol position being the initial display symbol row and a secondary display symbol column, the secondary display symbol column being adjacent to the initial display symbol column. 4. The gaming device of claim 3, wherein a prize triggered by the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position is a progressive jackpot. 5. The gaming device of claim 4, wherein the progressive jackpot corresponds to the initial display symbol row. 6. The gaming device of claim 4, wherein the progressive jackpot is one of a plurality of progressive jackpots and wherein a prize symbol for each of the plurality of progressive jackpots is displayed adjacent the plurality of display symbol positions. 7. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position is one of a plurality of prize-triggering persistent moving symbol positions. 8. The gaming device of claim 7, wherein the plurality of prize-triggering persistent moving symbol positions is arranged in a display symbol row or a display symbol column. 9. The gaming device of claim 8, wherein the plurality of prize-triggering persistent moving symbol positions are arranged in a prize-triggering display symbol column and wherein prize symbols corresponding to prizes triggered by each of the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol positions are displayed in a prize symbol column that is displayed adjacent to the prize-triggering display symbol column. 10. The gaming device of claim 9, wherein at least one of the prize symbols remains in a single row of the prize symbol column during multiple instances of the slot game. 11. The gaming device of claim 9, wherein at least one of the prize symbols is a moving prize symbol that is displayed in different rows of the prize symbol column during different instances of the slot game. 12. The gaming device of claim 11, wherein the moving prize symbol corresponds to the persistent moving symbol. 13. The gaming device of claim 12, wherein the moving prize symbol corresponds to a maximum prize that may be obtained when the persistent moving symbol is in the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position. 14. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein determining the first game outcome involves making a random number generator (RNG) call to a game processing backend system to determine whether one or more wild symbols will be presented adjacent to the initial persistent moving symbol position. 15. The gaming device of claim 14, wherein the wild symbols include exploding wild symbols. 16. The gaming device of claim 14, wherein an RNG outcome based on the RNG call indicates that one or more wild symbols will be presented adjacent to the initial persistent moving symbol position and wherein an RNG conversion engine refers to a weighted lookup table in order to determine a display symbol position for each of the one or more wild symbols. 17. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the control system is further configured for determining whether one of the first display symbols is a persistent moving symbol and wherein determining whether one of the first display symbols is a persistent moving symbol involves:
making a random number generator (RNG) call to a game processing backend system; determining an RNG outcome based on the RNG call; and providing the RNG outcome to an RNG conversion engine, wherein the RNG conversion engine refers to a weighted lookup table in order to determine whether one of the first display symbols is a persistent moving symbol. 18. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the initial persistent moving symbol position is not the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position and wherein the control system is further configured to award a multiplier at a display symbol position between the initial persistent moving symbol position and the prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position. 19. The gaming device of claim 18, wherein the multiplier persists for more than one game instance. 20. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the control system is further configured for controlling the display system for presenting a feature game when it is determined that a persistent moving symbol position is a prize-triggering persistent moving symbol position and wherein presenting the feature game involves presenting an additional reel and spinning the additional reel to reveal an award of the feature game. | 2,800 |
347,069 | 16,805,542 | 2,872 | Exemplary systems and methods for allocating capital to trading strategies may include a means for generating a virtual machine for a trading strategy in a historical server, a means for obtaining historical performance data for the trading strategy from the historical server, a means for transforming the historical performance data into metrical data, a means for transforming the historical performance data and metrical data into a neural network usable data set, a means for creating a neural network base, and a means for forming a neural network. | 1. A method for allocating capital to trading strategies comprising:
generating a virtual machine for a trading strategy; obtaining historical performance data for the trading strategy; transforming by the virtual machine the historical performance data into metrical data; transforming by the virtual machine the historical performance data and metrical data into a neural network usable data set; creating by the virtual machine a neural network base; forming by the virtual machine a neural network; training by the virtual machine the neural network for one or more data points; and calculating by the virtual machine an error rate for the one or more data points until the error rate stops converging or cannot converge. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising saving by the virtual machine the neural network. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising testing by the virtual machine the saved neural network against updated metrical and historical data. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising training by the virtual machine the saved neural network. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising saving by the virtual machine the neural network as a binary object. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising transmitting by the virtual machine the binary object to the historical server. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising activating by a fusion server the neural network. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising obtaining by the fusion server historical metrical and historical performance data. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising calculating by the fusion server a confidence value. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining by the fusion server whether to execute a trade. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising performing by the fusion server a survey. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining by the fusion server an order to send to an exchange. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising sending by the fusion server the order to the exchange. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising updating by the fusion server to reflect an executed order. 15. A system for allocating capital to trading strategies comprising:
a means for generating a virtual machine for a trading strategy; a means for obtaining historical performance data for the trading strategy; a means for transforming the historical performance data into metrical data; a means for transforming the historical performance data and metrical data into a neural network usable data set; a means for creating a neural network base; a means for forming a neural network; a means for training neural network for one or more data points; and a means for testing the saved neural network against updated metrical and historical data. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising a means for training the saved neural network. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a means for saving the neural network as a binary object. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a means for transmitting the binary object to the historical server. 19. The system of claim 15, further comprising a means for activating the neural network. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising a means for obtaining historical metrical and historical performance data. | Exemplary systems and methods for allocating capital to trading strategies may include a means for generating a virtual machine for a trading strategy in a historical server, a means for obtaining historical performance data for the trading strategy from the historical server, a means for transforming the historical performance data into metrical data, a means for transforming the historical performance data and metrical data into a neural network usable data set, a means for creating a neural network base, and a means for forming a neural network.1. A method for allocating capital to trading strategies comprising:
generating a virtual machine for a trading strategy; obtaining historical performance data for the trading strategy; transforming by the virtual machine the historical performance data into metrical data; transforming by the virtual machine the historical performance data and metrical data into a neural network usable data set; creating by the virtual machine a neural network base; forming by the virtual machine a neural network; training by the virtual machine the neural network for one or more data points; and calculating by the virtual machine an error rate for the one or more data points until the error rate stops converging or cannot converge. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising saving by the virtual machine the neural network. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising testing by the virtual machine the saved neural network against updated metrical and historical data. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising training by the virtual machine the saved neural network. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising saving by the virtual machine the neural network as a binary object. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising transmitting by the virtual machine the binary object to the historical server. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising activating by a fusion server the neural network. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising obtaining by the fusion server historical metrical and historical performance data. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising calculating by the fusion server a confidence value. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising determining by the fusion server whether to execute a trade. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising performing by the fusion server a survey. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining by the fusion server an order to send to an exchange. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising sending by the fusion server the order to the exchange. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising updating by the fusion server to reflect an executed order. 15. A system for allocating capital to trading strategies comprising:
a means for generating a virtual machine for a trading strategy; a means for obtaining historical performance data for the trading strategy; a means for transforming the historical performance data into metrical data; a means for transforming the historical performance data and metrical data into a neural network usable data set; a means for creating a neural network base; a means for forming a neural network; a means for training neural network for one or more data points; and a means for testing the saved neural network against updated metrical and historical data. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising a means for training the saved neural network. 17. The system of claim 15, further comprising a means for saving the neural network as a binary object. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a means for transmitting the binary object to the historical server. 19. The system of claim 15, further comprising a means for activating the neural network. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising a means for obtaining historical metrical and historical performance data. | 2,800 |
347,070 | 16,805,508 | 2,872 | The present application provides compositions, methods, and kits for treating cancer, including bladder cancer such as luminal bladder cancer, using an FGFR3 inhibitor in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor. In some embodiments, the cancer expresses wild-type FGFR3. The FGFR3 inhibitor may be an antagonistic FGFR3 inhibitor, such as an antagonistic FGFR3 antibody. The checkpoint inhibitor may be a PD1 inhibitor, including a PD1 or PD1 ligand (PD-L1) antibody such as an antagonistic PD1 or PD-L1 antibody. | 1. A method of treating luminal bladder cancer expressing wild-type FGFR3 in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an FGFR3 inhibitor in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a checkpoint inhibitor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the FGFR3 inhibitor is an antagonistic FGFR3 inhibitor. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 inhibitor is an antagonistic FGFR3 antibody. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, and CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, and CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the FGFR3 inhibitor is vofatamab. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the checkpoint inhibitor is a PD1 inhibitor. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is an antagonistic PD-L1 antibody. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the antagonistic PD-L1 antibody is selected from the group consisting of MEDI-4736, RG7446, BMS-936559, MSB0010718C, and MPDL3280A. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is pembrolizumab. 13. A method of treating luminal bladder cancer expressing wild-type FGFR3 in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antagonistic FGFR3 inhibitor in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a PD1 inhibitor. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 inhibitor is an antagonistic FGFR3 antibody. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3, and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the FGFR3 inhibitor is vofatamab. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is an antagonistic PD-L1 antibody. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the antagonistic PD-L1 antibody is selected from the group consisting of MEDI-4736, RG7446, BMS-936559, MSB0010718C, and MPDL3280A. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is pembrolizumab. 21. A method of treating a subject having cancer expressing wild-type FGFR3 in need thereof, the method comprising:
(a) screening the subject for a gene signature that correlates with one or more cancer-associated fibroblasts or for p53 expression; (b) determining if the subject has the gene signature that correlates with the one or more cancer-associated fibroblasts or has p53 expression; (c) based on the determining of step (b)—
(i) if the subject does not have the gene signature or p53 expression, administering a therapeutically effective amount of an FGFR3 inhibitor in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a checkpoint inhibitor, and
(ii) if the subject does have the gene signature or p53 expression, administering a therapeutically effective amount of an FGFR3 inhibitor in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a checkpoint inhibitor and an additional anti-cancer agent. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the FGFR3 inhibitor is an antagonistic FGFR3 antibody. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3, and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the FGFR3 inhibitor is vofatamab. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the checkpoint inhibitor is a PD1 inhibitor. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is an antagonistic PD-L1 antibody selected from the group consisting of MEDI-4736, RG7446, BMS-936559, MSB0010718C, and MPDL3280A. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is pembrolizumab. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the cancer is luminal bladder cancer. | The present application provides compositions, methods, and kits for treating cancer, including bladder cancer such as luminal bladder cancer, using an FGFR3 inhibitor in combination with a checkpoint inhibitor. In some embodiments, the cancer expresses wild-type FGFR3. The FGFR3 inhibitor may be an antagonistic FGFR3 inhibitor, such as an antagonistic FGFR3 antibody. The checkpoint inhibitor may be a PD1 inhibitor, including a PD1 or PD1 ligand (PD-L1) antibody such as an antagonistic PD1 or PD-L1 antibody.1. A method of treating luminal bladder cancer expressing wild-type FGFR3 in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an FGFR3 inhibitor in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a checkpoint inhibitor. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the FGFR3 inhibitor is an antagonistic FGFR3 inhibitor. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 inhibitor is an antagonistic FGFR3 antibody. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, and CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, and CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the FGFR3 inhibitor is vofatamab. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the checkpoint inhibitor is a PD1 inhibitor. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is an antagonistic PD-L1 antibody. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the antagonistic PD-L1 antibody is selected from the group consisting of MEDI-4736, RG7446, BMS-936559, MSB0010718C, and MPDL3280A. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is pembrolizumab. 13. A method of treating luminal bladder cancer expressing wild-type FGFR3 in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antagonistic FGFR3 inhibitor in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a PD1 inhibitor. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 inhibitor is an antagonistic FGFR3 antibody. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3, and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the FGFR3 inhibitor is vofatamab. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is an antagonistic PD-L1 antibody. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the antagonistic PD-L1 antibody is selected from the group consisting of MEDI-4736, RG7446, BMS-936559, MSB0010718C, and MPDL3280A. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is pembrolizumab. 21. A method of treating a subject having cancer expressing wild-type FGFR3 in need thereof, the method comprising:
(a) screening the subject for a gene signature that correlates with one or more cancer-associated fibroblasts or for p53 expression; (b) determining if the subject has the gene signature that correlates with the one or more cancer-associated fibroblasts or has p53 expression; (c) based on the determining of step (b)—
(i) if the subject does not have the gene signature or p53 expression, administering a therapeutically effective amount of an FGFR3 inhibitor in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a checkpoint inhibitor, and
(ii) if the subject does have the gene signature or p53 expression, administering a therapeutically effective amount of an FGFR3 inhibitor in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a checkpoint inhibitor and an additional anti-cancer agent. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the FGFR3 inhibitor is an antagonistic FGFR3 antibody. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-H1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, CDR-H2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, CDR-H3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:3, and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:7. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the antagonistic FGFR3 antibody comprises CDR-L1 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, CDR-L2 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, CDR-L3 comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:6, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the FGFR3 inhibitor is vofatamab. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the checkpoint inhibitor is a PD1 inhibitor. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is an antagonistic PD-L1 antibody selected from the group consisting of MEDI-4736, RG7446, BMS-936559, MSB0010718C, and MPDL3280A. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the PD1 inhibitor is pembrolizumab. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein the cancer is luminal bladder cancer. | 2,800 |
347,071 | 16,805,499 | 2,872 | A method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided that enable use of a full transmission power for a UE having a first set of coherent antenna ports that is non-coherent to a second set of coherent antenna ports. The apparatus determines a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port. Then, the apparatus transmits the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power. | 1. A method of wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:
determining a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port; and transmitting the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE determines the transmission power based at least in part on power control signaling from a base station. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the transmission power is determined to be a minimum of a maximum power that the UE can transmit and a second transmission power scheduled by the base station via the power control signaling. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiple antenna ports includes a first set of antenna ports comprising a first set of coherent antenna ports and a second set of antenna ports comprising a second set of coherent antenna ports, and wherein the first set of antenna ports is non-coherent with the second set of coherent antenna ports. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
precoding the PUSCH transmission based on a codebook for simultaneous transmission from multiple non-coherent antenna ports. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying a diversity scheme among the first antenna port and the second antenna port. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the diversity scheme comprises an open-loop diversity scheme. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the diversity scheme comprises a transparent diversity scheme. 9. An apparatus for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:
means for determining a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port; and means for transmitting the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the UE determines the transmission power based at least in part on power control signaling from a base station. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the transmission power is determined to be a minimum of a maximum power that the UE can transmit and a second transmission power scheduled by the base station via the power control signaling. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the multiple antenna ports includes a first set of antenna ports comprising a first set of coherent antenna ports and a second set of antenna ports comprising a second set of coherent antenna ports, and wherein the first set of antenna ports is non-coherent with the second set of coherent antenna ports. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
means for precoding the PUSCH transmission based on a codebook for simultaneous transmission from multiple non-coherent antenna ports. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
means for applying a diversity scheme among the first antenna port and the second antenna port. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the diversity scheme comprises an open-loop diversity scheme. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the diversity scheme comprises a transparent diversity scheme. 17. An apparatus for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
determine a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port; and
transmit the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the UE determines the transmission power based at least in part on power control signaling from a base station. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the transmission power is determined to be a minimum of a maximum power that the UE can transmit and a second transmission power scheduled by the base station via the power control signaling. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the multiple antenna ports includes a first set of antenna ports comprising a first set of coherent antenna ports and a second set of antenna ports comprising a second set of coherent antenna ports, and wherein the first set of antenna ports is non-coherent with the second set of coherent antenna ports. 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
precode the PUSCH transmission based on a codebook for simultaneous transmission from multiple non-coherent antenna ports. 22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
apply a diversity scheme among the first antenna port and the second antenna port. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the diversity scheme comprises an open-loop diversity scheme. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the diversity scheme comprises a transparent diversity scheme. 25. A computer-readable medium storing computer executable code for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising code to:
determine a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port; and transmit the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power. | A method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided that enable use of a full transmission power for a UE having a first set of coherent antenna ports that is non-coherent to a second set of coherent antenna ports. The apparatus determines a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port. Then, the apparatus transmits the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power.1. A method of wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:
determining a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port; and transmitting the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE determines the transmission power based at least in part on power control signaling from a base station. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the transmission power is determined to be a minimum of a maximum power that the UE can transmit and a second transmission power scheduled by the base station via the power control signaling. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiple antenna ports includes a first set of antenna ports comprising a first set of coherent antenna ports and a second set of antenna ports comprising a second set of coherent antenna ports, and wherein the first set of antenna ports is non-coherent with the second set of coherent antenna ports. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
precoding the PUSCH transmission based on a codebook for simultaneous transmission from multiple non-coherent antenna ports. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying a diversity scheme among the first antenna port and the second antenna port. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the diversity scheme comprises an open-loop diversity scheme. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the diversity scheme comprises a transparent diversity scheme. 9. An apparatus for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:
means for determining a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port; and means for transmitting the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the UE determines the transmission power based at least in part on power control signaling from a base station. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the transmission power is determined to be a minimum of a maximum power that the UE can transmit and a second transmission power scheduled by the base station via the power control signaling. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the multiple antenna ports includes a first set of antenna ports comprising a first set of coherent antenna ports and a second set of antenna ports comprising a second set of coherent antenna ports, and wherein the first set of antenna ports is non-coherent with the second set of coherent antenna ports. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
means for precoding the PUSCH transmission based on a codebook for simultaneous transmission from multiple non-coherent antenna ports. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
means for applying a diversity scheme among the first antenna port and the second antenna port. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the diversity scheme comprises an open-loop diversity scheme. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the diversity scheme comprises a transparent diversity scheme. 17. An apparatus for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
determine a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port; and
transmit the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the UE determines the transmission power based at least in part on power control signaling from a base station. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the transmission power is determined to be a minimum of a maximum power that the UE can transmit and a second transmission power scheduled by the base station via the power control signaling. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the multiple antenna ports includes a first set of antenna ports comprising a first set of coherent antenna ports and a second set of antenna ports comprising a second set of coherent antenna ports, and wherein the first set of antenna ports is non-coherent with the second set of coherent antenna ports. 21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
precode the PUSCH transmission based on a codebook for simultaneous transmission from multiple non-coherent antenna ports. 22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
apply a diversity scheme among the first antenna port and the second antenna port. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the diversity scheme comprises an open-loop diversity scheme. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the diversity scheme comprises a transparent diversity scheme. 25. A computer-readable medium storing computer executable code for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising code to:
determine a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port; and transmit the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power. | 2,800 |
347,072 | 16,805,550 | 2,872 | A semiconductor device includes a first fin structure disposed on a substrate. The first fin structure extends in a first direction. A first sacrificial layer pattern is disposed on the first fin structure. The first sacrificial layer pattern includes a left portion and a right portion arranged in the first direction. A dielectric layer pattern is disposed on the first fin structure and interposed between the left and right portions of the first sacrificial layer pattern. A first active layer pattern extending in the first direction is disposed on the first sacrificial layer pattern and the dielectric layer pattern. A first gate electrode structure is disposed on a portion of the first active layer pattern. The portion of the first active layer is disposed on the dielectric layer pattern. The first gate electrode structure extends in a second direction crossing the first direction. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a first region and a second region, the substrate being arranged within a plane defined by a second direction and a third direction; first and second fins protruding from the substrate in the first and second regions, respectively, and extending in the third direction; a first stack layer disposed on an upper surface of the first fin and extending in the third direction; a second stack layer disposed on an upper surface of the second fin and extending in the third direction, the second stack layer having the same thickness as the first stack layer; first and second active layers formed on upper surfaces of the first and second stack layers, respectively; and first and second gate structures on the first and second active layers, respectively, extending in a second direction intersecting the third direction, wherein, a first direction is perpendicular to each of the second and third directions, in a cross-sectional view in which the third direction is horizontal and the first direction is vertical, the first stack layer comprises a first dielectric layer pattern being vertically overlapped with the first gate structure, and first and second sacrificial layer patterns are horizontally separated from each other by the first dielectric layer pattern, and wherein an upper surface of the first dielectric layer pattern is formed on a same plane as upper surfaces of the first and second sacrificial layer patterns. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second stack layer is formed as a single layer. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the second stack layer comprised a second dielectric layer pattern. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first and second sacrificial layer patterns comprise SiGe. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the first region is p-type transistor region, and the second region is n-type transistor region. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second gate structure surrounds an upper surface, a lower surface and side surfaces in the second direction of the second active layer. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein the second stack layer comprises third and fourth sacrificial layer patterns separated from each other in the third direction by the second gate structure. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second stack layer comprises a third dielectric layer pattern formed under the second gate structure, and
fifth and sixth sacrificial layer patterns separated from each other in the third direction on both sides of the third dielectric layer pattern. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the first and second sacrificial layer patterns comprise a first concentration of semiconductor material, and
the fifth and sixth sacrificial layer patterns comprise a second concentration of the semiconductor material. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the semiconductor material comprises SiGe. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the second concentration is different from the first concentration. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the second concentration is smaller than the first concentration. 13. (canceled) 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the magnitude of the compressive stress experienced by the first active layer is different from the magnitude of the compressive stress experienced by the second active layer. 15. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a first region and a second region, the substrate being arranged within a plane defined by a second direction and a third direction; first and second fins protruding from the substrate in the first and second regions, respectively, and extending in the third direction; a first stack layer extending in the third direction on the first fin; a second stack layer extending in the third direction on the second fin and having the same thickness as the first stack layer; first and second active layers formed on the first and second stack layers, respectively; and first and second gate structures on the first and second active layers, respectively, extending in a second direction intersecting the third direction, wherein, a first direction is perpendicular to each of the second and third directions, in a cross-sectional view in which the third direction is horizontal and the first direction is vertical, the first stack layer comprises a first portion being vertically overlapped with the first gate structure and a second portion horizontally spaced apart from each other with respect to the first portion, wherein the second stack layer comprises a third portion being vertically overlapped with the second gate structure and a fourth portion horizontally spaced apart from each other with respect to the third portion, wherein the first portion and the third portion are identical to each other, wherein the second portion and the fourth portion are different, wherein the first and second active layers are formed on upper surfaces of the first and second stack layers, respectively, and wherein an upper surface of the first portion is formed on a same plane as upper surfaces of the first and second sacrificial layer patterns. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first portion and the third portion comprise a dielectric layer pattern. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the second portion comprises a sacrificial layer pattern, and the fourth portion comprises a dielectric layer pattern. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the second and fourth portions comprise a sacrificial layer pattern,
wherein the second and fourth portions each comprise different concentrations of semiconductor material. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 18, wherein the semiconductor material comprises SiGe. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 18, wherein the concentration of the semiconductor material in the second portion is greater than the concentration of the semiconductor material in the fourth portion. 21. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a logic region and a SRAM region, the substrate being arranged within a plane defined by a second direction and a third direction; first and second fins protruding from the substrate in the logic region and the SRAM region, respectively, and extending in the third direction; a first stack layer disposed on an upper surface of the first fin and extending in the third direction; a second stack layer disposed on an upper surface of the second fin and extending in the third direction, the second stack layer having the same thickness as the first stack layer; first and second active layers formed on upper surfaces of the first and second stack layers, respectively; and first and second gate structures on the first and second active layers, respectively, extending in a second direction intersecting the third direction, wherein a first direction is perpendicular to each of the second and third directions, in a cross-sectional view in which the third direction is horizontal and the first direction is vertical, the first stack layer comprises a first dielectric layer pattern being vertically overlapped with the first gate structure, and first and second sacrificial layer patterns are horizontally separated from each other by the first dielectric layer pattern, wherein the second stack layer comprises a second dielectric layer pattern being vertically overlapped with the second gate structure, and third and fourth sacrificial layer patterns are horizontally separated from each other by the second dielectric layer pattern, wherein the first and second sacrificial layer patterns comprise a first concentration of semiconductor material, the third and fourth sacrificial layer patterns comprise a second concentration of the semiconductor material smaller than the first concentration, and wherein an upper surface of the first dielectric layer pattern is formed on a same plane as upper surfaces of the first and second sacrificial layer patterns. | A semiconductor device includes a first fin structure disposed on a substrate. The first fin structure extends in a first direction. A first sacrificial layer pattern is disposed on the first fin structure. The first sacrificial layer pattern includes a left portion and a right portion arranged in the first direction. A dielectric layer pattern is disposed on the first fin structure and interposed between the left and right portions of the first sacrificial layer pattern. A first active layer pattern extending in the first direction is disposed on the first sacrificial layer pattern and the dielectric layer pattern. A first gate electrode structure is disposed on a portion of the first active layer pattern. The portion of the first active layer is disposed on the dielectric layer pattern. The first gate electrode structure extends in a second direction crossing the first direction.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a first region and a second region, the substrate being arranged within a plane defined by a second direction and a third direction; first and second fins protruding from the substrate in the first and second regions, respectively, and extending in the third direction; a first stack layer disposed on an upper surface of the first fin and extending in the third direction; a second stack layer disposed on an upper surface of the second fin and extending in the third direction, the second stack layer having the same thickness as the first stack layer; first and second active layers formed on upper surfaces of the first and second stack layers, respectively; and first and second gate structures on the first and second active layers, respectively, extending in a second direction intersecting the third direction, wherein, a first direction is perpendicular to each of the second and third directions, in a cross-sectional view in which the third direction is horizontal and the first direction is vertical, the first stack layer comprises a first dielectric layer pattern being vertically overlapped with the first gate structure, and first and second sacrificial layer patterns are horizontally separated from each other by the first dielectric layer pattern, and wherein an upper surface of the first dielectric layer pattern is formed on a same plane as upper surfaces of the first and second sacrificial layer patterns. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second stack layer is formed as a single layer. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein the second stack layer comprised a second dielectric layer pattern. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the first and second sacrificial layer patterns comprise SiGe. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the first region is p-type transistor region, and the second region is n-type transistor region. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second gate structure surrounds an upper surface, a lower surface and side surfaces in the second direction of the second active layer. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein the second stack layer comprises third and fourth sacrificial layer patterns separated from each other in the third direction by the second gate structure. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the second stack layer comprises a third dielectric layer pattern formed under the second gate structure, and
fifth and sixth sacrificial layer patterns separated from each other in the third direction on both sides of the third dielectric layer pattern. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 8, wherein the first and second sacrificial layer patterns comprise a first concentration of semiconductor material, and
the fifth and sixth sacrificial layer patterns comprise a second concentration of the semiconductor material. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the semiconductor material comprises SiGe. 11. The semiconductor device of claim 9, wherein the second concentration is different from the first concentration. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the second concentration is smaller than the first concentration. 13. (canceled) 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the magnitude of the compressive stress experienced by the first active layer is different from the magnitude of the compressive stress experienced by the second active layer. 15. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a first region and a second region, the substrate being arranged within a plane defined by a second direction and a third direction; first and second fins protruding from the substrate in the first and second regions, respectively, and extending in the third direction; a first stack layer extending in the third direction on the first fin; a second stack layer extending in the third direction on the second fin and having the same thickness as the first stack layer; first and second active layers formed on the first and second stack layers, respectively; and first and second gate structures on the first and second active layers, respectively, extending in a second direction intersecting the third direction, wherein, a first direction is perpendicular to each of the second and third directions, in a cross-sectional view in which the third direction is horizontal and the first direction is vertical, the first stack layer comprises a first portion being vertically overlapped with the first gate structure and a second portion horizontally spaced apart from each other with respect to the first portion, wherein the second stack layer comprises a third portion being vertically overlapped with the second gate structure and a fourth portion horizontally spaced apart from each other with respect to the third portion, wherein the first portion and the third portion are identical to each other, wherein the second portion and the fourth portion are different, wherein the first and second active layers are formed on upper surfaces of the first and second stack layers, respectively, and wherein an upper surface of the first portion is formed on a same plane as upper surfaces of the first and second sacrificial layer patterns. 16. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the first portion and the third portion comprise a dielectric layer pattern. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the second portion comprises a sacrificial layer pattern, and the fourth portion comprises a dielectric layer pattern. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 15, wherein the second and fourth portions comprise a sacrificial layer pattern,
wherein the second and fourth portions each comprise different concentrations of semiconductor material. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 18, wherein the semiconductor material comprises SiGe. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 18, wherein the concentration of the semiconductor material in the second portion is greater than the concentration of the semiconductor material in the fourth portion. 21. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a logic region and a SRAM region, the substrate being arranged within a plane defined by a second direction and a third direction; first and second fins protruding from the substrate in the logic region and the SRAM region, respectively, and extending in the third direction; a first stack layer disposed on an upper surface of the first fin and extending in the third direction; a second stack layer disposed on an upper surface of the second fin and extending in the third direction, the second stack layer having the same thickness as the first stack layer; first and second active layers formed on upper surfaces of the first and second stack layers, respectively; and first and second gate structures on the first and second active layers, respectively, extending in a second direction intersecting the third direction, wherein a first direction is perpendicular to each of the second and third directions, in a cross-sectional view in which the third direction is horizontal and the first direction is vertical, the first stack layer comprises a first dielectric layer pattern being vertically overlapped with the first gate structure, and first and second sacrificial layer patterns are horizontally separated from each other by the first dielectric layer pattern, wherein the second stack layer comprises a second dielectric layer pattern being vertically overlapped with the second gate structure, and third and fourth sacrificial layer patterns are horizontally separated from each other by the second dielectric layer pattern, wherein the first and second sacrificial layer patterns comprise a first concentration of semiconductor material, the third and fourth sacrificial layer patterns comprise a second concentration of the semiconductor material smaller than the first concentration, and wherein an upper surface of the first dielectric layer pattern is formed on a same plane as upper surfaces of the first and second sacrificial layer patterns. | 2,800 |
347,073 | 16,805,535 | 2,872 | Memory modules, systems, memory controllers and associated methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a memory module includes a module substrate having first and second memory devices. Buffer circuitry disposed on the substrate couples to the first and second memory devices via respective first and second secondary interfaces. The buffer circuitry includes a primary signaling interface for coupling to a group of signaling links associated with a memory controller. The primary signaling interface operates at a primary signaling rate and the first and second secondary data interfaces operate at a secondary signaling rate. During a first mode of operation, the primary interface signaling rate is at least twice the secondary signaling rate. A first time interval associated with a transfer of first column data via the first secondary interface temporally overlaps a second time interval involving second column data transferred via the second secondary interface. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method of operating a memory module, the memory module having a module substrate and first and second memory devices disposed on the module substrate, the method comprising:
buffering the first and second memory devices from a memory controller with buffer circuitry disposed on the substrate and coupled to the first and second memory devices via respective first and second secondary interfaces, the buffering including
interfacing with the memory controller via a primary signaling interface,
operating the first and second secondary interfaces at a secondary data signaling rate, and
operating the primary signaling interface at a primary data signaling rate that is at least twice the secondary data signaling rate;
transferring first column data via the first secondary interface during a first time interval; transferring second column data via the second secondary interface during a second time interval that temporally overlaps the first time interval; and error coding the transferred first and second column data in accordance with an error code. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the transferring of the first and second column data includes:
independently accessing the first and second memory devices for concurrent data transfers of the first and second column data via the first and second secondary interfaces. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the transferring of the first and second column data includes:
transferring the first and second column data in an interleaved manner at the primary signaling interface. 5. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
configuring the primary signaling interface to transfer data via a subset of a group of data links point-to-point between the primary signaling interface and the memory controller. 6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
configuring the primary signaling interface to transfer data via all of a group of data links associated with the memory controller. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
the transferring of the first and second column data is carried out in accordance with a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) protocol. 8. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
during a second mode of operation, configuring the primary data signaling rate the same as the secondary data signaling rate. 9. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
transferring command and address signals at a first command signal rate from the memory controller to the buffer circuitry via a primary command/address (C/A/) interface; transferring command and address signals at a second command signal rate from the buffer circuitry to the first and second memory devices via a secondary C/A interface; and wherein the first command signal rate is at least twice the second command signal rate. 10. A method of operation in a memory system having a system substrate, and first and second memory modules coupled to the system substrate, each of the first and second memory modules including a module substrate and first and second memory devices disposed on the module substrate, the method comprising:
for each of the first and second memory modules
buffering the first and second memory devices from a memory controller with buffer circuitry disposed on the substrate and coupled to the first and second memory devices via respective first and second secondary interfaces, the buffering including
interfacing with the memory controller via a primary signaling interface,
operating the first and second secondary interfaces at a secondary data signaling rate, and
operating the primary signaling interface at a primary data signaling rate that is at least twice the secondary data signaling rate;
transferring first column data via the first secondary interface during a first time interval;
transferring second column data via the second secondary interface during a second time interval that temporally overlaps the first time interval; and
error coding the transferred first and second column data in accordance with an error code. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
interfacing a memory controller to the first and second memory modules via a group of data links. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the interfacing includes coupling the memory controller to each of the first and second memory modules via all of the group of data links in a multi-drop configuration. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the interfacing includes coupling the memory controller to each of the first and second modules via respective first and second subsets of a group of data links in a point-to-point configuration. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
transferring third column data between the memory controller and the first buffered module; and transferring fourth column data between the memory controller and the second buffered module concurrently with transferring of the third column data. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
transferring third column data between the memory controller and the first buffered module during a time interval that does not include transferring of fourth data between the memory controller and the second buffered module. 16. A method of operation in a memory controller, the method comprising:
transferring data signals with a primary signaling interface for coupling to at least one buffered memory module via a group of data links; dispatching command signals to the least one buffered memory module; performing error detection/correction on the data signals transferred via the primary signaling interface; and wherein a primary data rate of the primary signaling interface is twice a secondary data rate associated with first and second secondary interfaces of the at least one buffered memory module. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the transferring data signals with the primary signaling interface comprises coupling to each of the at least one buffered memory modules in a point-to-point configuration. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the transferring data signals with the primary signaling interface comprises coupling to each of the at least one buffered memory modules in a multi-drop configuration. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
during a second mode of operation, the primary data rate of the primary signaling interface is the same as the secondary data rate of the first and second secondary interfaces of the at least one buffered memory module. 20. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the dispatching command signals includes transferring the command signals to access first and second memory devices on the at least one buffered memory module independently for concurrent data transfers of first and second data via the first and second secondary interfaces. 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the transferring of the data signals is carried out in accordance with a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) protocol. | Memory modules, systems, memory controllers and associated methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a memory module includes a module substrate having first and second memory devices. Buffer circuitry disposed on the substrate couples to the first and second memory devices via respective first and second secondary interfaces. The buffer circuitry includes a primary signaling interface for coupling to a group of signaling links associated with a memory controller. The primary signaling interface operates at a primary signaling rate and the first and second secondary data interfaces operate at a secondary signaling rate. During a first mode of operation, the primary interface signaling rate is at least twice the secondary signaling rate. A first time interval associated with a transfer of first column data via the first secondary interface temporally overlaps a second time interval involving second column data transferred via the second secondary interface.1. (canceled) 2. A method of operating a memory module, the memory module having a module substrate and first and second memory devices disposed on the module substrate, the method comprising:
buffering the first and second memory devices from a memory controller with buffer circuitry disposed on the substrate and coupled to the first and second memory devices via respective first and second secondary interfaces, the buffering including
interfacing with the memory controller via a primary signaling interface,
operating the first and second secondary interfaces at a secondary data signaling rate, and
operating the primary signaling interface at a primary data signaling rate that is at least twice the secondary data signaling rate;
transferring first column data via the first secondary interface during a first time interval; transferring second column data via the second secondary interface during a second time interval that temporally overlaps the first time interval; and error coding the transferred first and second column data in accordance with an error code. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the transferring of the first and second column data includes:
independently accessing the first and second memory devices for concurrent data transfers of the first and second column data via the first and second secondary interfaces. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the transferring of the first and second column data includes:
transferring the first and second column data in an interleaved manner at the primary signaling interface. 5. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
configuring the primary signaling interface to transfer data via a subset of a group of data links point-to-point between the primary signaling interface and the memory controller. 6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
configuring the primary signaling interface to transfer data via all of a group of data links associated with the memory controller. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
the transferring of the first and second column data is carried out in accordance with a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) protocol. 8. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
during a second mode of operation, configuring the primary data signaling rate the same as the secondary data signaling rate. 9. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
transferring command and address signals at a first command signal rate from the memory controller to the buffer circuitry via a primary command/address (C/A/) interface; transferring command and address signals at a second command signal rate from the buffer circuitry to the first and second memory devices via a secondary C/A interface; and wherein the first command signal rate is at least twice the second command signal rate. 10. A method of operation in a memory system having a system substrate, and first and second memory modules coupled to the system substrate, each of the first and second memory modules including a module substrate and first and second memory devices disposed on the module substrate, the method comprising:
for each of the first and second memory modules
buffering the first and second memory devices from a memory controller with buffer circuitry disposed on the substrate and coupled to the first and second memory devices via respective first and second secondary interfaces, the buffering including
interfacing with the memory controller via a primary signaling interface,
operating the first and second secondary interfaces at a secondary data signaling rate, and
operating the primary signaling interface at a primary data signaling rate that is at least twice the secondary data signaling rate;
transferring first column data via the first secondary interface during a first time interval;
transferring second column data via the second secondary interface during a second time interval that temporally overlaps the first time interval; and
error coding the transferred first and second column data in accordance with an error code. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
interfacing a memory controller to the first and second memory modules via a group of data links. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the interfacing includes coupling the memory controller to each of the first and second memory modules via all of the group of data links in a multi-drop configuration. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the interfacing includes coupling the memory controller to each of the first and second modules via respective first and second subsets of a group of data links in a point-to-point configuration. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
transferring third column data between the memory controller and the first buffered module; and transferring fourth column data between the memory controller and the second buffered module concurrently with transferring of the third column data. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
transferring third column data between the memory controller and the first buffered module during a time interval that does not include transferring of fourth data between the memory controller and the second buffered module. 16. A method of operation in a memory controller, the method comprising:
transferring data signals with a primary signaling interface for coupling to at least one buffered memory module via a group of data links; dispatching command signals to the least one buffered memory module; performing error detection/correction on the data signals transferred via the primary signaling interface; and wherein a primary data rate of the primary signaling interface is twice a secondary data rate associated with first and second secondary interfaces of the at least one buffered memory module. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the transferring data signals with the primary signaling interface comprises coupling to each of the at least one buffered memory modules in a point-to-point configuration. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the transferring data signals with the primary signaling interface comprises coupling to each of the at least one buffered memory modules in a multi-drop configuration. 19. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
during a second mode of operation, the primary data rate of the primary signaling interface is the same as the secondary data rate of the first and second secondary interfaces of the at least one buffered memory module. 20. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the dispatching command signals includes transferring the command signals to access first and second memory devices on the at least one buffered memory module independently for concurrent data transfers of first and second data via the first and second secondary interfaces. 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein:
the transferring of the data signals is carried out in accordance with a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) protocol. | 2,800 |
347,074 | 16,805,516 | 2,872 | A gauge inspection jig for performing an inspection easily and accurately in a reverse posture with a contact point facing upward when a gauge is inspected. The gauge inspection jig includes a body portion and a coupling portion. The body portion holds a member mounted to a body portion of the gauge. This holds the gauge in the reverse posture. The coupling portion is coupled to the body portion. The coupling portion is couplable to a distal end of a measurement spindle disposed on a gauge inspector to be movable in a measurement axis direction. | 1. A gauge inspection jig, comprising:
a first body portion that holds a member mounted to a second body portion of a gauge to hold the gauge in a reverse posture; and a coupling portion coupled to the first body portion, the coupling portion being couplable to a distal end of a measurement spindle, the measurement spindle being disposed on a gauge inspector movable in a measurement axis direction. 2. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 1, wherein
a display is disposed on a first surface of the second body portion of the gauge, the display being configured to indicate a measurement result of the gauge, and the member mounted to the gauge is disposed on a second surface on a side opposite to the surface on which the display is disposed. 3. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 2, wherein
the member mounted to the gauge is a first protruding member protruding in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the second surface and orthogonal to a first direction as the measurement axis direction of the gauge, and the first protruding member has a hole penetrating the first protruding member in a third direction, the third direction being orthogonal to the first and second directions. 4. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 3, wherein
the first body portion includes: a first holding member having a surface perpendicular to the third direction to which the gauge is fixed, and a second holding member that sandwiches the first protruding member with the first holding member in the third direction to hold the first protruding member. 5. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 4, comprising:
a first counterbore on a surface opposed to the first protruding member of the first holding member, a part of the first protruding member being fitted into the first counterbore; a first protrusion insertable into the hole, the first protrusion extending from the first counterbore along the third direction; a second counterbore on a surface opposed to the first protruding member of the second holding member, a part other than the part of the first protruding member fitted into the first counterbore being fitted into the second counterbore; and a second protrusion insertable into the hole, the second protrusion extending from the second counterbore along the third direction. 6. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 3, comprising
one or more fourth protrusions, on a surface opposed to the gauge, of the first body portion, the fourth protrusions protruding from the opposed surface along the second direction and abutting on the second surface of the gauge. 7. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 6, wherein
the one or more fourth protrusions are configured such that a movement direction of a spindle of the gauge becomes the measurement axis direction of the gauge inspector. 8. A gauge inspector comprising:
a measurement spindle movable in a measurement axis direction; and a fixing portion configured to fix a member contacted by a contact point of a gauge held in a reverse posture by a gauge inspection jig, wherein the gauge inspection jig includes: a body portion that holds a member mounted to a body portion of the gauge to hold the gauge in a reverse posture; and a coupling portion coupled to the body portion, the coupling portion being couplable to a distal end of the measurement spindle. 9. A method for holding a gauge comprising:
holding a member mounted to a body portion of a gauge by a body portion of a gauge inspection jig to hold the gauge in a reverse posture; and coupling a coupling portion, coupled to the body portion and couplable to a distal end of a measurement spindle of a gauge inspector, to the measurement spindle. | A gauge inspection jig for performing an inspection easily and accurately in a reverse posture with a contact point facing upward when a gauge is inspected. The gauge inspection jig includes a body portion and a coupling portion. The body portion holds a member mounted to a body portion of the gauge. This holds the gauge in the reverse posture. The coupling portion is coupled to the body portion. The coupling portion is couplable to a distal end of a measurement spindle disposed on a gauge inspector to be movable in a measurement axis direction.1. A gauge inspection jig, comprising:
a first body portion that holds a member mounted to a second body portion of a gauge to hold the gauge in a reverse posture; and a coupling portion coupled to the first body portion, the coupling portion being couplable to a distal end of a measurement spindle, the measurement spindle being disposed on a gauge inspector movable in a measurement axis direction. 2. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 1, wherein
a display is disposed on a first surface of the second body portion of the gauge, the display being configured to indicate a measurement result of the gauge, and the member mounted to the gauge is disposed on a second surface on a side opposite to the surface on which the display is disposed. 3. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 2, wherein
the member mounted to the gauge is a first protruding member protruding in a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the second surface and orthogonal to a first direction as the measurement axis direction of the gauge, and the first protruding member has a hole penetrating the first protruding member in a third direction, the third direction being orthogonal to the first and second directions. 4. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 3, wherein
the first body portion includes: a first holding member having a surface perpendicular to the third direction to which the gauge is fixed, and a second holding member that sandwiches the first protruding member with the first holding member in the third direction to hold the first protruding member. 5. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 4, comprising:
a first counterbore on a surface opposed to the first protruding member of the first holding member, a part of the first protruding member being fitted into the first counterbore; a first protrusion insertable into the hole, the first protrusion extending from the first counterbore along the third direction; a second counterbore on a surface opposed to the first protruding member of the second holding member, a part other than the part of the first protruding member fitted into the first counterbore being fitted into the second counterbore; and a second protrusion insertable into the hole, the second protrusion extending from the second counterbore along the third direction. 6. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 3, comprising
one or more fourth protrusions, on a surface opposed to the gauge, of the first body portion, the fourth protrusions protruding from the opposed surface along the second direction and abutting on the second surface of the gauge. 7. The gauge inspection jig according to claim 6, wherein
the one or more fourth protrusions are configured such that a movement direction of a spindle of the gauge becomes the measurement axis direction of the gauge inspector. 8. A gauge inspector comprising:
a measurement spindle movable in a measurement axis direction; and a fixing portion configured to fix a member contacted by a contact point of a gauge held in a reverse posture by a gauge inspection jig, wherein the gauge inspection jig includes: a body portion that holds a member mounted to a body portion of the gauge to hold the gauge in a reverse posture; and a coupling portion coupled to the body portion, the coupling portion being couplable to a distal end of the measurement spindle. 9. A method for holding a gauge comprising:
holding a member mounted to a body portion of a gauge by a body portion of a gauge inspection jig to hold the gauge in a reverse posture; and coupling a coupling portion, coupled to the body portion and couplable to a distal end of a measurement spindle of a gauge inspector, to the measurement spindle. | 2,800 |
347,075 | 16,805,536 | 2,872 | A foldable case and method of making same are disclosed. The foldable case is collapsible between a closed position and an open position without needing to re-fold the sheet of material. The foldable case is made of a sheet of material. The sheet of material has a central portion, opposing first and second portions, and opposing third and fourth portions. First and second portions adjoin a length of respective top and bottom edges of the central portion. Third and fourth portions adjoin a length of respective left and right edges of central portion. A number of folding lines are provided on the sheet of material. The foldable case can be made by folding along the folding lines and adhering first and second portions to the third and fourth portions so as to form a case in the folded configuration. | 1. A foldable case comprising a sheet of material, the sheet of material having:
a central portion having a top edge and an opposing bottom edge, and a left edge and an opposing right edge, the left and right edges each extending from the top edge to the bottom edge; a first portion and an opposing second portion adjoining a length of the respective top and bottom edges of the central portion separated by respective first and second folding lines; a third portion and an opposing fourth portion adjoining a length of the respective left and right edges of the central portion separated by respective third and fourth folding lines; a fifth folding line extending lengthwise from a terminal end of the third portion to a terminal end of the fourth portion; a sixth folding line extending diagonally from a first point at the top edge or the left edge to a second point at the bottom edge or the right edge of the central portion; and a seventh folding line extending diagonally from a third point at the top edge or the right edge to a fourth point at the bottom edge or the left edge of the central portion,
wherein the folding case is collapsible between a closed position and an open position by respectively folding and unfolding along the fifth, sixth and seventh folding lines. 2. The foldable case of claim 1, the sheet of material further having:
a first connecting flap and an opposing second connecting flap adjoining a length of respective left and right edges of the first portion separated by respective eighth and ninth folding lines; and a third connecting flap and an opposing fourth connecting flap adjoining a length of respective left and right edges of the second portion separated by respective tenth and eleventh folding lines. 3. The foldable case of claim 1, wherein the fifth, sixth and seventh folding lines intersects at a midpoint of the central portion. 4. The foldable case of claim 3, wherein the midpoint is positioned approximately midway of the length and height of the central portion. 5. The foldable case of claim 4, wherein the sixth folding line extends diagonally from a top left point to an opposing bottom right point of the central portion, the top left point connecting the top edge to the left edge and the bottom right point connecting the bottom edge to the right edge. 6. The foldable case of claim 5, wherein the seventh folding line extends diagonally from a top right point to an opposing bottom left point of the central portion, the top right point connecting the top edge to the right edge and the bottom left point connecting the bottom edge to the left edge. 7. The foldable case of claim 6, wherein the first and third connecting flaps are adhesable to a surface of the third portion, and the second and fourth connecting flaps are adhesable to a surface of the fourth portion. 8. The foldable case of claim 7, wherein the central portion has a square shape. 9. The foldable case of claim 8, wherein the first, second, third and fourth portions each has a quadrilateral shape. 10. The foldable case of claim 9, wherein the sheet of material is heat-resistant paper. 11. A method of making a foldable case, the method comprising:
cutting a sheet of material, the sheet of material having:
a central portion having a top edge and an opposing bottom edge, and a left edge and an opposing right edge each extending from the top edge to the bottom edge,
a first portion and an opposing second portion adjoining a length of the respective top and bottom edges of the central portion, and
a third portion and an opposing fourth portion adjoining a length of the respective left and right edges of the central portion; and
folding the sheet of material to form creases along:
the top edge of the central portion to form a first folding line,
the bottom edge of the central portion to form a second folding line,
the left edge of the central portion to form a third folding line,
the right edge of the central portion to form a fourth folding line,
a fifth folding line extending lengthwise from a terminal end of the third portion to a terminal end of the fourth portion,
a sixth folding line extending diagonally from a first point at the top edge or the left edge to a second point at the bottom edge or the right edge of the central portion; and
a seventh folding line extending diagonally from a third point at the top edge or the right edge to a fourth point at the bottom edge or the left edge of the central portion. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the sheet of material further having:
a first connecting flap and an opposing second connecting flap adjoining a length of respective left and right edges of the first portion; and a third connecting flap and an opposing fourth connecting flap adjoining a length of respective left and right edges of the second portion. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprises folding the sheet of material along:
a left edge of the first portion to form an eighth folding line separating the first connecting flap and the first portion; a right edge of the first portion to form a ninth folding line separating the second connecting flap and the first portion; a left edge of the second portion to form a tenth folding line separating the third connecting flap and the second portion; and a right edge of the second portion to form an eleventh folding line separating the fourth connecting flap and the second portion. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprises:
folding along the first, second, third, fourth, eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh folding lines; adhering the first and third connecting flaps to a surface of the third portion; and adhering the second and fourth connecting flaps to a surface of the fourth portion. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprises:
folding along the fifth folding line to form first and second segments at each of the third and fourth portions; folding along the sixth and seventh folding lines to form first and second opposing sections and third and fourth opposing sections at the central portion; overlapping the first and second segments; and folding the first and second segments into the respective third and fourth portions, wherein the third and fourth portions fold along the fifth folding line to form respective fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth sections. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the central, first, second, third and fourth portions are cut to a quadrilateral shape. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the central portion is cut to a square shape. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first and second segments are quadrilaterals. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth sections are triangles. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first, second, third and fourth triangles are substantially the same, and the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth triangles are substantially the same. | A foldable case and method of making same are disclosed. The foldable case is collapsible between a closed position and an open position without needing to re-fold the sheet of material. The foldable case is made of a sheet of material. The sheet of material has a central portion, opposing first and second portions, and opposing third and fourth portions. First and second portions adjoin a length of respective top and bottom edges of the central portion. Third and fourth portions adjoin a length of respective left and right edges of central portion. A number of folding lines are provided on the sheet of material. The foldable case can be made by folding along the folding lines and adhering first and second portions to the third and fourth portions so as to form a case in the folded configuration.1. A foldable case comprising a sheet of material, the sheet of material having:
a central portion having a top edge and an opposing bottom edge, and a left edge and an opposing right edge, the left and right edges each extending from the top edge to the bottom edge; a first portion and an opposing second portion adjoining a length of the respective top and bottom edges of the central portion separated by respective first and second folding lines; a third portion and an opposing fourth portion adjoining a length of the respective left and right edges of the central portion separated by respective third and fourth folding lines; a fifth folding line extending lengthwise from a terminal end of the third portion to a terminal end of the fourth portion; a sixth folding line extending diagonally from a first point at the top edge or the left edge to a second point at the bottom edge or the right edge of the central portion; and a seventh folding line extending diagonally from a third point at the top edge or the right edge to a fourth point at the bottom edge or the left edge of the central portion,
wherein the folding case is collapsible between a closed position and an open position by respectively folding and unfolding along the fifth, sixth and seventh folding lines. 2. The foldable case of claim 1, the sheet of material further having:
a first connecting flap and an opposing second connecting flap adjoining a length of respective left and right edges of the first portion separated by respective eighth and ninth folding lines; and a third connecting flap and an opposing fourth connecting flap adjoining a length of respective left and right edges of the second portion separated by respective tenth and eleventh folding lines. 3. The foldable case of claim 1, wherein the fifth, sixth and seventh folding lines intersects at a midpoint of the central portion. 4. The foldable case of claim 3, wherein the midpoint is positioned approximately midway of the length and height of the central portion. 5. The foldable case of claim 4, wherein the sixth folding line extends diagonally from a top left point to an opposing bottom right point of the central portion, the top left point connecting the top edge to the left edge and the bottom right point connecting the bottom edge to the right edge. 6. The foldable case of claim 5, wherein the seventh folding line extends diagonally from a top right point to an opposing bottom left point of the central portion, the top right point connecting the top edge to the right edge and the bottom left point connecting the bottom edge to the left edge. 7. The foldable case of claim 6, wherein the first and third connecting flaps are adhesable to a surface of the third portion, and the second and fourth connecting flaps are adhesable to a surface of the fourth portion. 8. The foldable case of claim 7, wherein the central portion has a square shape. 9. The foldable case of claim 8, wherein the first, second, third and fourth portions each has a quadrilateral shape. 10. The foldable case of claim 9, wherein the sheet of material is heat-resistant paper. 11. A method of making a foldable case, the method comprising:
cutting a sheet of material, the sheet of material having:
a central portion having a top edge and an opposing bottom edge, and a left edge and an opposing right edge each extending from the top edge to the bottom edge,
a first portion and an opposing second portion adjoining a length of the respective top and bottom edges of the central portion, and
a third portion and an opposing fourth portion adjoining a length of the respective left and right edges of the central portion; and
folding the sheet of material to form creases along:
the top edge of the central portion to form a first folding line,
the bottom edge of the central portion to form a second folding line,
the left edge of the central portion to form a third folding line,
the right edge of the central portion to form a fourth folding line,
a fifth folding line extending lengthwise from a terminal end of the third portion to a terminal end of the fourth portion,
a sixth folding line extending diagonally from a first point at the top edge or the left edge to a second point at the bottom edge or the right edge of the central portion; and
a seventh folding line extending diagonally from a third point at the top edge or the right edge to a fourth point at the bottom edge or the left edge of the central portion. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the sheet of material further having:
a first connecting flap and an opposing second connecting flap adjoining a length of respective left and right edges of the first portion; and a third connecting flap and an opposing fourth connecting flap adjoining a length of respective left and right edges of the second portion. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprises folding the sheet of material along:
a left edge of the first portion to form an eighth folding line separating the first connecting flap and the first portion; a right edge of the first portion to form a ninth folding line separating the second connecting flap and the first portion; a left edge of the second portion to form a tenth folding line separating the third connecting flap and the second portion; and a right edge of the second portion to form an eleventh folding line separating the fourth connecting flap and the second portion. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprises:
folding along the first, second, third, fourth, eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh folding lines; adhering the first and third connecting flaps to a surface of the third portion; and adhering the second and fourth connecting flaps to a surface of the fourth portion. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprises:
folding along the fifth folding line to form first and second segments at each of the third and fourth portions; folding along the sixth and seventh folding lines to form first and second opposing sections and third and fourth opposing sections at the central portion; overlapping the first and second segments; and folding the first and second segments into the respective third and fourth portions, wherein the third and fourth portions fold along the fifth folding line to form respective fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth sections. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the central, first, second, third and fourth portions are cut to a quadrilateral shape. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the central portion is cut to a square shape. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first and second segments are quadrilaterals. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth sections are triangles. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first, second, third and fourth triangles are substantially the same, and the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth triangles are substantially the same. | 2,800 |
347,076 | 16,805,544 | 2,872 | The present invention relates to a plant sRNA extract for use as an immunosuppressive agent and to plant miRNA for use as an immunosuppressive agent. | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A method for treating and/or preventing an inflammatory disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of miR168, wherein the inflammatory disease is characterized by an increase in expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10 or is characterized by an increase in CD4+ T cell proliferation, and wherein the miR168 attenuates the CD4+ T cell proliferation or attenuates expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10. 21. A method for preventing an inflammatory disease, comprising administering to a human miR168, wherein said human is a healthy human, or a human not suffering from said inflammatory disease, wherein the inflammatory disease is characterized by an increase in expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10 or is characterized by an increase in CD4+ T cell proliferation, and wherein the miR168 attenuates the CD4+ T cell proliferation or attenuates expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein said miR168 is comprised in a pharmaceutical composition comprising miR168 and at least one carrier. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said at least one carrier is selected from saline, sugars, polypeptides, polymers, lipids, creams, gels, water, a glucose solution, a polycationic binding agent, a cationic polypeptide, a hydrophilic polymer grafted polymer, a non-natural cationic polymer, a cationic polyacetal, a hydrophilic polymer grafted polyacetal, a ligand functionalized cationic polymer, a ligand functionalized-hydrophilic polymer grafted polymer, and a ligand functionalized liposome, a biodegradable histidine-lysine polymer, a biodegradable polyester, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, a PEGylated PEL, a micelle material, a metal nanoparticle, a nanoparticle, a cationic lipid, a cationic micelle, a liposome and an exosome. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein said pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one additive, adjuvant, excipient or diluent selected from water, gelatin, vegetable gum, ligninsulfonate, talc, sugar, starch, gum arabic, a vegetable oil, a polyalkylene glycol, a flavoring agent, a preservative, a stabilizer, a emulsifying agent, a buffer, a lubricant, a colorant, a wetting agent, and a filler. 25. The method of claim 20, wherein said miR168
(a) is methylated at the 2′OH group at the 3′ terminus, (b) is synthetic miRNA, (c) is purified from plant, (d) is comprised in a plant sRNA extract, or (e) is F. vesca miR168 or osamiR168. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein said miR168
(a) is methylated at the 2′OH group at the 3′ terminus, (b) is synthetic miRNA, (c) is purified from plant, (d) is comprised in a plant sRNA extract, or (e) is F. vesca miR168 or osamiR168. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein said miR168 is comprised in a dietary supplement, food or food additive. 28. The method of claim 20, wherein said inflammatory disease is selected from the group consisting of chronic prostatitis, Glomerulonephritis, Hypersensitivities, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Reperfusion injury, Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, Interstitial cystitis, normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis, pericarditis, myositis, anti-synthetase syndrome, scleritis, macrophage activation syndrome, Bechet's Syndrome, PAPA Syndrome, Blau's Syndrome, gout, adult and juvenile Still's inflammatory disease, cryropyrinopathy, Muckle-Wells syndrome, familial cold-induced auto-inflammatory syndrome, neonatal onset multisystemic inflammatory disease, familial Mediterranean fever, chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous and articular syndrome, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Hyper IgD syndrome, Schnitzler's syndrome, TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPSP), gingivitis, periodontitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, myocarditis, vasculitis, gastritis, gout, gouty arthritis, and inflammatory skin disorders, selected from the group consisting of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, rosacea, urticaria, and acne. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein said inflammatory disease is an autoimmune disease or an allergic disease. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein
(a) said inflammatory disease is an autoimmune disease selected from the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis; psoriatic arthritis, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease; benign lymphocytic angiitis, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, sarcoidosis, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, pure red cell aplasia, Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatic disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, mixed connective tissue disease, inflammatory rheumatism, degenerative rheumatism, extra-articular rheumatism, juvenile arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, arthritis uratica, muscular rheumatism, chronic polyarthritis, reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, rheumatic fever, relapsing polychondritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, vasculitis, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, temporal arteritis, giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, Behcet's disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic immune polyneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, autoimmune thyroiditis, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, type I diabetes, Addison's disease, membranous glomerulonephropathy, polyglandular autoimmune syndromes, Goodpasture's disease, autoimmune gastritis, autoimmune atrophic gastritis, pemphigus, pemphigus vulgaris, cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, myositis, dermatomyositis, juvenile dermatomyositis, polymyositis, fibromyositis, myogelosis, celiac disease, celiac sprue dermatitis, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Evans syndrome, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, psoriasis vulgaris, psoriasis arthropathica, Graves' disease, Graves' ophthalmopathy, scleroderma, systemic scleroderma, progressive systemic scleroderma, diffuse scleroderma, localized scleroderma, Crest syndrome, asthma, allergic asthma, allergy, primary biliary cirrhosis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS), primary myxedema, sympathetic ophthalmia, autoimmune inner ear disease, autoimmune uveitis, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, collagen diseases, ankylosing spondylitis, periarthritis humeroscapularis, panarteritis nodosa, polyarteritis nodosa, chondrocalcinosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, bullous skin disorders, pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid, vitiligo, atopic eczema, eczema, chronic urticaria, autoimmune urticaria, normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis, hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis, alopecia areata, alopecia universalis, alopecia totalis, Devic's disease, pernicious anemia, childhood autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia, refractory or chronic Autoimmune Cytopenias, Prevention of development of Autoimmune Anti-Factor VIII Antibodies in Acquired Hemophilia A, Cold agglutinin disease, Neuromyelitis Optica, Stiff Person Syndrome, gingivitis, periodontitis, pancreatitis, myocarditis, gastritis, gout, gouty arthritis, idiopathic pericarditis, anti- synthetase syndrome, scleritis, macrophage activation syndrome, PAPA Syndrome, Blau's Syndrome, adult and juvenile Still's disease, cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome, Muckle -Wells syndrome, familial cold auto- inflammatory syndrome, neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease, chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome, familial Mediterranean fever, Hyper IgD syndrome, Schnitzler's syndrome, autoimmune retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), or (b) said inflammatory disease is an allergic disease selected from the group consisting of allergic respiratory disease, such as bronchial asthma, pediatric asthma, allergic asthma, atopic asthma, aspirin asthma, or allergic bronchitis, allergic nasal disease, such as allergic rhinitis, vernal catarrh, hay fever, or chronic allergic rhinitis, an allergic skin disease, such as atopic dermatitis, an allergic ocular disease, such as hay fever, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, or chronic allergic conjunctivitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, contact dermatitis, and food allergy. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein said inflammatory disease is psoriasis. 32. The method of claim 21, wherein said inflammatory disease further comprises an increase in expression or production of at least one of inflammatory biomarker or wherein the inflammatory disease is characterized by a dysregulation of the cytokines or co-receptors in at least one cell or tissue of a patient. 33. The method of claim 27, wherein said dietary supplement is formulated for oral delivery and/or wherein the dietary supplement comprises at least one excipients or at least one carrier for oral consumption. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the carrier is a liquid, gel, gelcap, capsule, powder, solid tablet or tea. 35. The method of claim 27, wherein the dietary supplement is provided as a powder or liquid. 36. The method of claim 27, wherein said food is selected from a beverage, a soup, a dairy product, a nutritional bar, a spread, a prepared food, a packaged food, or an animal feed. 37. A method for treating and/or preventing an inflammatory disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of an RNA which has a sequence selected from the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 3 and 5, wherein the inflammatory disease is characterized by an increase in expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10 or is characterized by an increase in CD4+ T cell proliferation, and wherein the RNA attenuates the CD4+ T cell proliferation or attenuates expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10. 38. A method for preventing an inflammatory disease, comprising administering to a human an RNA which has a sequence selected from the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 3 and 5, wherein said human is a healthy human, or a human not suffering from said inflammatory disease, wherein the inflammatory disease is characterized by an increase in expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10 or is characterized by an increase in CD4+ T cell proliferation, and wherein the RNA attenuates the CD4+ T cell proliferation or attenuates expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10. | The present invention relates to a plant sRNA extract for use as an immunosuppressive agent and to plant miRNA for use as an immunosuppressive agent.1-19. (canceled) 20. A method for treating and/or preventing an inflammatory disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of miR168, wherein the inflammatory disease is characterized by an increase in expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10 or is characterized by an increase in CD4+ T cell proliferation, and wherein the miR168 attenuates the CD4+ T cell proliferation or attenuates expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10. 21. A method for preventing an inflammatory disease, comprising administering to a human miR168, wherein said human is a healthy human, or a human not suffering from said inflammatory disease, wherein the inflammatory disease is characterized by an increase in expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10 or is characterized by an increase in CD4+ T cell proliferation, and wherein the miR168 attenuates the CD4+ T cell proliferation or attenuates expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein said miR168 is comprised in a pharmaceutical composition comprising miR168 and at least one carrier. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said at least one carrier is selected from saline, sugars, polypeptides, polymers, lipids, creams, gels, water, a glucose solution, a polycationic binding agent, a cationic polypeptide, a hydrophilic polymer grafted polymer, a non-natural cationic polymer, a cationic polyacetal, a hydrophilic polymer grafted polyacetal, a ligand functionalized cationic polymer, a ligand functionalized-hydrophilic polymer grafted polymer, and a ligand functionalized liposome, a biodegradable histidine-lysine polymer, a biodegradable polyester, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, a PEGylated PEL, a micelle material, a metal nanoparticle, a nanoparticle, a cationic lipid, a cationic micelle, a liposome and an exosome. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein said pharmaceutical composition further comprises at least one additive, adjuvant, excipient or diluent selected from water, gelatin, vegetable gum, ligninsulfonate, talc, sugar, starch, gum arabic, a vegetable oil, a polyalkylene glycol, a flavoring agent, a preservative, a stabilizer, a emulsifying agent, a buffer, a lubricant, a colorant, a wetting agent, and a filler. 25. The method of claim 20, wherein said miR168
(a) is methylated at the 2′OH group at the 3′ terminus, (b) is synthetic miRNA, (c) is purified from plant, (d) is comprised in a plant sRNA extract, or (e) is F. vesca miR168 or osamiR168. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein said miR168
(a) is methylated at the 2′OH group at the 3′ terminus, (b) is synthetic miRNA, (c) is purified from plant, (d) is comprised in a plant sRNA extract, or (e) is F. vesca miR168 or osamiR168. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein said miR168 is comprised in a dietary supplement, food or food additive. 28. The method of claim 20, wherein said inflammatory disease is selected from the group consisting of chronic prostatitis, Glomerulonephritis, Hypersensitivities, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Reperfusion injury, Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, Interstitial cystitis, normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis, pericarditis, myositis, anti-synthetase syndrome, scleritis, macrophage activation syndrome, Bechet's Syndrome, PAPA Syndrome, Blau's Syndrome, gout, adult and juvenile Still's inflammatory disease, cryropyrinopathy, Muckle-Wells syndrome, familial cold-induced auto-inflammatory syndrome, neonatal onset multisystemic inflammatory disease, familial Mediterranean fever, chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous and articular syndrome, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Hyper IgD syndrome, Schnitzler's syndrome, TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPSP), gingivitis, periodontitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, myocarditis, vasculitis, gastritis, gout, gouty arthritis, and inflammatory skin disorders, selected from the group consisting of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, rosacea, urticaria, and acne. 29. The method of claim 21, wherein said inflammatory disease is an autoimmune disease or an allergic disease. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein
(a) said inflammatory disease is an autoimmune disease selected from the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis; psoriatic arthritis, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease; benign lymphocytic angiitis, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, sarcoidosis, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, pure red cell aplasia, Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatic disease, polymyalgia rheumatica, mixed connective tissue disease, inflammatory rheumatism, degenerative rheumatism, extra-articular rheumatism, juvenile arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, arthritis uratica, muscular rheumatism, chronic polyarthritis, reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, rheumatic fever, relapsing polychondritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, vasculitis, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, temporal arteritis, giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, Behcet's disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic immune polyneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, autoimmune thyroiditis, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, type I diabetes, Addison's disease, membranous glomerulonephropathy, polyglandular autoimmune syndromes, Goodpasture's disease, autoimmune gastritis, autoimmune atrophic gastritis, pemphigus, pemphigus vulgaris, cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, myositis, dermatomyositis, juvenile dermatomyositis, polymyositis, fibromyositis, myogelosis, celiac disease, celiac sprue dermatitis, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Evans syndrome, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, psoriasis vulgaris, psoriasis arthropathica, Graves' disease, Graves' ophthalmopathy, scleroderma, systemic scleroderma, progressive systemic scleroderma, diffuse scleroderma, localized scleroderma, Crest syndrome, asthma, allergic asthma, allergy, primary biliary cirrhosis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS), primary myxedema, sympathetic ophthalmia, autoimmune inner ear disease, autoimmune uveitis, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, collagen diseases, ankylosing spondylitis, periarthritis humeroscapularis, panarteritis nodosa, polyarteritis nodosa, chondrocalcinosis, Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, bullous skin disorders, pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid, vitiligo, atopic eczema, eczema, chronic urticaria, autoimmune urticaria, normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis, hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis, alopecia areata, alopecia universalis, alopecia totalis, Devic's disease, pernicious anemia, childhood autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia, refractory or chronic Autoimmune Cytopenias, Prevention of development of Autoimmune Anti-Factor VIII Antibodies in Acquired Hemophilia A, Cold agglutinin disease, Neuromyelitis Optica, Stiff Person Syndrome, gingivitis, periodontitis, pancreatitis, myocarditis, gastritis, gout, gouty arthritis, idiopathic pericarditis, anti- synthetase syndrome, scleritis, macrophage activation syndrome, PAPA Syndrome, Blau's Syndrome, adult and juvenile Still's disease, cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome, Muckle -Wells syndrome, familial cold auto- inflammatory syndrome, neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease, chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome, familial Mediterranean fever, Hyper IgD syndrome, Schnitzler's syndrome, autoimmune retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), or (b) said inflammatory disease is an allergic disease selected from the group consisting of allergic respiratory disease, such as bronchial asthma, pediatric asthma, allergic asthma, atopic asthma, aspirin asthma, or allergic bronchitis, allergic nasal disease, such as allergic rhinitis, vernal catarrh, hay fever, or chronic allergic rhinitis, an allergic skin disease, such as atopic dermatitis, an allergic ocular disease, such as hay fever, seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, or chronic allergic conjunctivitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, contact dermatitis, and food allergy. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein said inflammatory disease is psoriasis. 32. The method of claim 21, wherein said inflammatory disease further comprises an increase in expression or production of at least one of inflammatory biomarker or wherein the inflammatory disease is characterized by a dysregulation of the cytokines or co-receptors in at least one cell or tissue of a patient. 33. The method of claim 27, wherein said dietary supplement is formulated for oral delivery and/or wherein the dietary supplement comprises at least one excipients or at least one carrier for oral consumption. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the carrier is a liquid, gel, gelcap, capsule, powder, solid tablet or tea. 35. The method of claim 27, wherein the dietary supplement is provided as a powder or liquid. 36. The method of claim 27, wherein said food is selected from a beverage, a soup, a dairy product, a nutritional bar, a spread, a prepared food, a packaged food, or an animal feed. 37. A method for treating and/or preventing an inflammatory disease, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutically effective amount of an RNA which has a sequence selected from the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 3 and 5, wherein the inflammatory disease is characterized by an increase in expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10 or is characterized by an increase in CD4+ T cell proliferation, and wherein the RNA attenuates the CD4+ T cell proliferation or attenuates expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10. 38. A method for preventing an inflammatory disease, comprising administering to a human an RNA which has a sequence selected from the sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 3 and 5, wherein said human is a healthy human, or a human not suffering from said inflammatory disease, wherein the inflammatory disease is characterized by an increase in expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10 or is characterized by an increase in CD4+ T cell proliferation, and wherein the RNA attenuates the CD4+ T cell proliferation or attenuates expression or production of IL-1β, TNFα, or IL-10. | 2,800 |
347,077 | 16,805,577 | 2,872 | Embodiments relate to a switching regulator having a dual mode control. The switching regulator includes an error amplifier configured to receive an output voltage of a power source, and to generate an error voltage based on a difference between the output voltage of the power source and a reference voltage. The switching regulator additionally includes a PFM controller configured to receive the error voltage from the error amplifier, and to generate a clock signal having a switching frequency based on a difference between the error voltage and a modulation voltage. Moreover, the switching regulator includes a PWM controller configured to receive the clock signal and an error signal determined based on a load current sensed at an output of the power source, and to generate a control signal to control the power source. | 1. A switching regulator comprising:
an error amplifier configured to receive an output voltage of a power source, and configured to generate an error voltage based on a difference between the output voltage of the power source and a reference voltage; a pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) controller configured to receive the error voltage from the error amplifier, and configured to generate a clock signal having a switching frequency based on a difference between the error voltage and a modulation voltage; and a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) controller configured to receive the clock signal and an error signal based on a load current sensed at an output of the power source, and generate a control signal to control the power source. 2. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein the PFM controller comprises:
a PFM circuit configured to generate a PFM current based on the difference between the error voltage and the modulation voltage, the PFM circuit comprising:
a transconductance amplifier for generating an error current based on the difference between the error voltage and the modulation voltage,
a rectifier for rectifying the error current, and
current subtractor for subtracting the rectified error current from a reference current to generate a PFM current to configure an oscillator to generate a clock signal having a switching frequency controlled by a value of the PFM current. 3. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the circuitry for subtracting the rectified error current from a reference current comprises:
a first current mirror coupled to the rectified, the first current mirror configured to receive the rectified current and to generate a mirrored rectified current; a second current mirror, an input of the second current mirror coupled to an output of the first current mirror; and a current source coupled to the input of the second current mirror, the current source configured to generate the reference current. 4. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the PFM circuit further comprises:
circuitry for adding an audio band avoidance current to the PFM current, the audio band avoidance current to prevent the oscillator from generating the clock signal having a switching frequency in an audible frequency spectrum. 5. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the PFM circuit further comprises:
a clamp circuit coupled to an output of the error amplifier, the clamp circuit for preventing the output of the error amplifier from dropping below a clamp voltage level. 6. The switching regulator of claim 5, wherein the clamp circuit comprises:
an amplifier configured to receive as inputs the clamp voltage and the error voltage, and generate an output based on a difference between the clamp voltage and the error voltage; and a switch having an output coupled to an output of the error amplifier, the switch configured provide a current based on the output of the amplifier of the clamp circuit, the switch configured to raise the error voltage when the error voltage drops below the clamp voltage. 7. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the PFM controller further comprises:
a frequency avoidance module configured to receive the PFM current and generate an oscillator current, the frequency avoidance module comprising:
a plurality of compare branches, each compare branch for comparing the PFM current to a stop band current, the stop band current corresponding to a boundary of a stop band, each compare branch comprising:
a current mirror for mirroring the PFM current, and
a comparator for determining whether the mirrored PFM current is lower than a corresponding stop band current;
a frequency avoidance controller configured to receive an output of each of the compare branches, and configured to generate a control signal for configuring a frequency avoidance current source to generate a frequency avoidance current; and
an output current mirror configured to generate the oscillator current based on the PFM current and the current of the frequency avoidance current. 8. The switching regulator of claim 7, wherein the frequency avoidance controller is configured to activate the frequency avoidance current source when the output of the compare branches indicate that the PFM current is between a first current corresponding to a lower boundary of a stop band and a second current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band. 9. The switching regulator of claim 8, wherein the frequency avoidance controller is configured to activate the frequency avoidance current source when the output of the compare branches indicate that the PFM current is between the first current corresponding to a lower boundary of the stop band and the second current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band for at least a predetermined amount of time. 10. A frequency avoidance circuit comprising:
a plurality of compare branches, each compare branch for comparing an input current to a stop band current, the stop band current corresponding to a boundary of a stop band, each compare branch comprising:
a current mirror for mirroring the input current, and
a comparator for determining whether the mirrored input current is lower than a corresponding stop band current;
a frequency avoidance controller configured to receive an output of each of the compare branches, and configured to generate a control signal for configuring a frequency avoidance current source to generate a frequency avoidance current; and an output current mirror configured to generate an oscillator current based on the input current and the current of the frequency avoidance current. 11. The frequency avoidance circuit of claim 10, wherein the frequency avoidance controller is configured to activate the frequency avoidance current source when the output of the compare branches indicate that the input current is between a first current corresponding to a lower boundary of a stop band and a second current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band. 12. The frequency avoidance circuit of claim 10, wherein the frequency avoidance controller is configured to activate the frequency avoidance current source when the output of the compare branches indicate that the input current is between a first current corresponding to a lower boundary of a stop band and a second current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band for at least a predetermined amount of time. 13. A method for controlling a switching regulator, comprising:
determining an error voltage by comparing an output of a power source and a reference voltage; generating a clock signal having a predetermined frequency if the error voltage is larger than a modulation voltage, and a frequency based on a difference between the error voltage and a modulation voltage if the error voltage is lower than the modulation voltage; generating an error signal based on a load current sensed at an output of the power source; and generating a control signal based on the generated clock signal and the error signal. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein generating the clock signal comprises:
generating a rectified current by rectifying an output of a transconductance amplifier, the transconductance amplifier receiving as inputs the error voltage and the modulation voltage. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the clock signal further comprises:
generating an intermediate current by adding an audio band avoidance current to the rectified current, the audio band avoidance current for preventing an oscillator from generating a clock signal having a switching frequency in an audible frequency spectrum. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the clock signal further comprises:
generating an intermediate current by subtracting the rectified current from a reference current, the intermediate current for configuring an oscillator to generate a clock signal having a switching frequency controlled by a value of the intermediate current. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein generating the clock signal further comprises:
comparing the intermediate current to a plurality of stop band currents, each stop band current corresponding to a boundary of a stop band; configuring a current source to generate a current having an amplitude based on the comparison between the intermediate current and the plurality of stop band currents; and generating the clock signal based on the current generated by the current source and the intermediate current. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein comparing the intermediate current to a stop band current comprises:
determining whether the intermediate current is higher than the stop band current; and generating a digital signal having a first value when the intermediate current is higher than the stop band current, and having a second value when the intermediate current is lower than the stop band current. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein configuring a current source comprises:
activating the current source when the comparison between the intermediate current and the plurality of stop band currents indicate that the intermediate current is between a first stop band current corresponding to a lower boundary of a stop band and a second stop band current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein configuring a current source comprises:
activating the current source when the comparison between the intermediate current and the plurality of stop band currents indicate that the intermediate current is between a first stop band current corresponding to a lower boundary of a stop band and a second stop band current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band for at least a predetermined amount of time. | Embodiments relate to a switching regulator having a dual mode control. The switching regulator includes an error amplifier configured to receive an output voltage of a power source, and to generate an error voltage based on a difference between the output voltage of the power source and a reference voltage. The switching regulator additionally includes a PFM controller configured to receive the error voltage from the error amplifier, and to generate a clock signal having a switching frequency based on a difference between the error voltage and a modulation voltage. Moreover, the switching regulator includes a PWM controller configured to receive the clock signal and an error signal determined based on a load current sensed at an output of the power source, and to generate a control signal to control the power source.1. A switching regulator comprising:
an error amplifier configured to receive an output voltage of a power source, and configured to generate an error voltage based on a difference between the output voltage of the power source and a reference voltage; a pulse-frequency-modulation (PFM) controller configured to receive the error voltage from the error amplifier, and configured to generate a clock signal having a switching frequency based on a difference between the error voltage and a modulation voltage; and a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) controller configured to receive the clock signal and an error signal based on a load current sensed at an output of the power source, and generate a control signal to control the power source. 2. The switching regulator of claim 1, wherein the PFM controller comprises:
a PFM circuit configured to generate a PFM current based on the difference between the error voltage and the modulation voltage, the PFM circuit comprising:
a transconductance amplifier for generating an error current based on the difference between the error voltage and the modulation voltage,
a rectifier for rectifying the error current, and
current subtractor for subtracting the rectified error current from a reference current to generate a PFM current to configure an oscillator to generate a clock signal having a switching frequency controlled by a value of the PFM current. 3. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the circuitry for subtracting the rectified error current from a reference current comprises:
a first current mirror coupled to the rectified, the first current mirror configured to receive the rectified current and to generate a mirrored rectified current; a second current mirror, an input of the second current mirror coupled to an output of the first current mirror; and a current source coupled to the input of the second current mirror, the current source configured to generate the reference current. 4. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the PFM circuit further comprises:
circuitry for adding an audio band avoidance current to the PFM current, the audio band avoidance current to prevent the oscillator from generating the clock signal having a switching frequency in an audible frequency spectrum. 5. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the PFM circuit further comprises:
a clamp circuit coupled to an output of the error amplifier, the clamp circuit for preventing the output of the error amplifier from dropping below a clamp voltage level. 6. The switching regulator of claim 5, wherein the clamp circuit comprises:
an amplifier configured to receive as inputs the clamp voltage and the error voltage, and generate an output based on a difference between the clamp voltage and the error voltage; and a switch having an output coupled to an output of the error amplifier, the switch configured provide a current based on the output of the amplifier of the clamp circuit, the switch configured to raise the error voltage when the error voltage drops below the clamp voltage. 7. The switching regulator of claim 2, wherein the PFM controller further comprises:
a frequency avoidance module configured to receive the PFM current and generate an oscillator current, the frequency avoidance module comprising:
a plurality of compare branches, each compare branch for comparing the PFM current to a stop band current, the stop band current corresponding to a boundary of a stop band, each compare branch comprising:
a current mirror for mirroring the PFM current, and
a comparator for determining whether the mirrored PFM current is lower than a corresponding stop band current;
a frequency avoidance controller configured to receive an output of each of the compare branches, and configured to generate a control signal for configuring a frequency avoidance current source to generate a frequency avoidance current; and
an output current mirror configured to generate the oscillator current based on the PFM current and the current of the frequency avoidance current. 8. The switching regulator of claim 7, wherein the frequency avoidance controller is configured to activate the frequency avoidance current source when the output of the compare branches indicate that the PFM current is between a first current corresponding to a lower boundary of a stop band and a second current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band. 9. The switching regulator of claim 8, wherein the frequency avoidance controller is configured to activate the frequency avoidance current source when the output of the compare branches indicate that the PFM current is between the first current corresponding to a lower boundary of the stop band and the second current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band for at least a predetermined amount of time. 10. A frequency avoidance circuit comprising:
a plurality of compare branches, each compare branch for comparing an input current to a stop band current, the stop band current corresponding to a boundary of a stop band, each compare branch comprising:
a current mirror for mirroring the input current, and
a comparator for determining whether the mirrored input current is lower than a corresponding stop band current;
a frequency avoidance controller configured to receive an output of each of the compare branches, and configured to generate a control signal for configuring a frequency avoidance current source to generate a frequency avoidance current; and an output current mirror configured to generate an oscillator current based on the input current and the current of the frequency avoidance current. 11. The frequency avoidance circuit of claim 10, wherein the frequency avoidance controller is configured to activate the frequency avoidance current source when the output of the compare branches indicate that the input current is between a first current corresponding to a lower boundary of a stop band and a second current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band. 12. The frequency avoidance circuit of claim 10, wherein the frequency avoidance controller is configured to activate the frequency avoidance current source when the output of the compare branches indicate that the input current is between a first current corresponding to a lower boundary of a stop band and a second current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band for at least a predetermined amount of time. 13. A method for controlling a switching regulator, comprising:
determining an error voltage by comparing an output of a power source and a reference voltage; generating a clock signal having a predetermined frequency if the error voltage is larger than a modulation voltage, and a frequency based on a difference between the error voltage and a modulation voltage if the error voltage is lower than the modulation voltage; generating an error signal based on a load current sensed at an output of the power source; and generating a control signal based on the generated clock signal and the error signal. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein generating the clock signal comprises:
generating a rectified current by rectifying an output of a transconductance amplifier, the transconductance amplifier receiving as inputs the error voltage and the modulation voltage. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the clock signal further comprises:
generating an intermediate current by adding an audio band avoidance current to the rectified current, the audio band avoidance current for preventing an oscillator from generating a clock signal having a switching frequency in an audible frequency spectrum. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the clock signal further comprises:
generating an intermediate current by subtracting the rectified current from a reference current, the intermediate current for configuring an oscillator to generate a clock signal having a switching frequency controlled by a value of the intermediate current. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein generating the clock signal further comprises:
comparing the intermediate current to a plurality of stop band currents, each stop band current corresponding to a boundary of a stop band; configuring a current source to generate a current having an amplitude based on the comparison between the intermediate current and the plurality of stop band currents; and generating the clock signal based on the current generated by the current source and the intermediate current. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein comparing the intermediate current to a stop band current comprises:
determining whether the intermediate current is higher than the stop band current; and generating a digital signal having a first value when the intermediate current is higher than the stop band current, and having a second value when the intermediate current is lower than the stop band current. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein configuring a current source comprises:
activating the current source when the comparison between the intermediate current and the plurality of stop band currents indicate that the intermediate current is between a first stop band current corresponding to a lower boundary of a stop band and a second stop band current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein configuring a current source comprises:
activating the current source when the comparison between the intermediate current and the plurality of stop band currents indicate that the intermediate current is between a first stop band current corresponding to a lower boundary of a stop band and a second stop band current corresponding to an upper boundary of the stop band for at least a predetermined amount of time. | 2,800 |
347,078 | 16,805,582 | 3,772 | A device for application of hair formulation includes a body structure having one or more tines at a front end, wherein a tip of each tine includes a first and second opening, a nebulizer with an outlet connected to the first opening, a vacuum system with an inlet connected to the second opening, and a handle extending from the body structure at an obtuse angle with respect to the front end of the body structure. | 1. A device for application of a hair formulation, comprising:
a body structure having one or more tines at a front end, wherein a tip of a tine includes a first and second opening; a nebulizer with an outlet connected to the first opening; a vacuum system with an inlet connected to the second opening; and a handle extending from the body structure at an obtuse angle with respect to the front end of the body structure. 2. The device of claim 1, comprising a cartridge containing a hair formulation, wherein the cartridge fits at a back end of the body structure, wherein the cartridge is connected to the nebulizer. 3. The device of claim 1, comprising a momentary switch that operates the nebulizer, wherein the momentary switch is located on an upper front side of the handle. 4. The device of claim 1, comprising a selector switch that operates the vacuum system, wherein the selector switch is located on a back side of the handle. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the tip of a tine includes a chamfer on the bottom side, wherein the first and second openings are placed on the chamfer. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein all tines are arranged to lie in one plane. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the plane is a horizontal plane with respect to top and bottom sides of the device. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the tine has a conical shape that decreases in diameter with forward length. 9. The device of claim 1, comprising more than one tine, wherein adjacent tines are separated by a lengthwise space between the tines that is approximately the same as the average width of a tine or greater. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the tip of the tine is a truncated round shape with a flat chamfer at the bottom side. 11. A method of making a device for cleansing hair, comprising:
assembling a device to have a body structure having one or more tines at a front end, wherein a tip of a tine includes a first and second opening; a nebulizer with an outlet connected to the first opening; a vacuum system with an inlet connected to the second opening; and a handle extending from the body structure at an obtuse angle with respect to the front end of the body structure. 12. The method of claim 11, comprising placing a cartridge containing a hair formulation at a back end of the body structure. 13. The method of claim 11, comprising placing the first and second openings on a chamfer on the bottom side of the tip of a tine. 14. The method of claim 11, comprising placing more than one tine in a horizontal plane at the front end of the body structure. 15. A method for cleansing hair, comprising:
with a device, applying a hair formulation to hair or scalp or both; with the device, agitating the hair formulation; and with the device, vacuuming used hair formulation to remove any debris or oils from the hair or scalp. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising before applying the hair formulation, starting a vacuum system on the device. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein no external water is mixed with the hair formulation after applying. 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the applying step further comprises generating a mist from the hair formulation. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the agitating step further comprises contacting the hair or scalp with more than one tine provided on the device. 20. The method of claim 15, comprising, before the applying step, placing a cartridge at a back end of the device, wherein the cartridge contains the hair formulation. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the device includes:
a body structure having one or more tines at a front end, wherein a tip of a tine includes a first and second opening; a nebulizer with an outlet connected to the first opening; a vacuum system with an inlet connected to the second opening; and a handle extending from the body structure at an obtuse angle with respect to the front end of the body structure. | A device for application of hair formulation includes a body structure having one or more tines at a front end, wherein a tip of each tine includes a first and second opening, a nebulizer with an outlet connected to the first opening, a vacuum system with an inlet connected to the second opening, and a handle extending from the body structure at an obtuse angle with respect to the front end of the body structure.1. A device for application of a hair formulation, comprising:
a body structure having one or more tines at a front end, wherein a tip of a tine includes a first and second opening; a nebulizer with an outlet connected to the first opening; a vacuum system with an inlet connected to the second opening; and a handle extending from the body structure at an obtuse angle with respect to the front end of the body structure. 2. The device of claim 1, comprising a cartridge containing a hair formulation, wherein the cartridge fits at a back end of the body structure, wherein the cartridge is connected to the nebulizer. 3. The device of claim 1, comprising a momentary switch that operates the nebulizer, wherein the momentary switch is located on an upper front side of the handle. 4. The device of claim 1, comprising a selector switch that operates the vacuum system, wherein the selector switch is located on a back side of the handle. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the tip of a tine includes a chamfer on the bottom side, wherein the first and second openings are placed on the chamfer. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein all tines are arranged to lie in one plane. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the plane is a horizontal plane with respect to top and bottom sides of the device. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the tine has a conical shape that decreases in diameter with forward length. 9. The device of claim 1, comprising more than one tine, wherein adjacent tines are separated by a lengthwise space between the tines that is approximately the same as the average width of a tine or greater. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the tip of the tine is a truncated round shape with a flat chamfer at the bottom side. 11. A method of making a device for cleansing hair, comprising:
assembling a device to have a body structure having one or more tines at a front end, wherein a tip of a tine includes a first and second opening; a nebulizer with an outlet connected to the first opening; a vacuum system with an inlet connected to the second opening; and a handle extending from the body structure at an obtuse angle with respect to the front end of the body structure. 12. The method of claim 11, comprising placing a cartridge containing a hair formulation at a back end of the body structure. 13. The method of claim 11, comprising placing the first and second openings on a chamfer on the bottom side of the tip of a tine. 14. The method of claim 11, comprising placing more than one tine in a horizontal plane at the front end of the body structure. 15. A method for cleansing hair, comprising:
with a device, applying a hair formulation to hair or scalp or both; with the device, agitating the hair formulation; and with the device, vacuuming used hair formulation to remove any debris or oils from the hair or scalp. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising before applying the hair formulation, starting a vacuum system on the device. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein no external water is mixed with the hair formulation after applying. 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the applying step further comprises generating a mist from the hair formulation. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the agitating step further comprises contacting the hair or scalp with more than one tine provided on the device. 20. The method of claim 15, comprising, before the applying step, placing a cartridge at a back end of the device, wherein the cartridge contains the hair formulation. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the device includes:
a body structure having one or more tines at a front end, wherein a tip of a tine includes a first and second opening; a nebulizer with an outlet connected to the first opening; a vacuum system with an inlet connected to the second opening; and a handle extending from the body structure at an obtuse angle with respect to the front end of the body structure. | 3,700 |
347,079 | 16,805,559 | 3,772 | One or more medical devices are configured to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network of a healthcare organization, the temporary provisioning network being different than a healthcare network of the healthcare organization. After the devices are received by the healthcare organization, and powered up for the first time, device identifiers corresponding to the medical devices are received at a server remote from the healthcare organization, from the temporary provisioning network, together with an indication that the medical devices are requesting access to a management server within a healthcare network of the healthcare organization. On determining that the medical devices are predetermined to receive access to the management server, a provisioning service configures, through the temporary provisioning network, the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server, and informs the management server that the medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. | 1. A method, comprising:
configuring one or more medical devices to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network of a healthcare organization responsive to the one or more medical devices being powered on for a first time by the healthcare organization, the temporary provisioning network being different than a healthcare network of the healthcare organization; receiving, at a server remote from the healthcare organization, from the temporary provisioning network, one or more device identifiers corresponding to the one or more medical devices and an indication that the one or more medical devices requests access to the healthcare network; determining, based on receiving the one or more device identifiers, that the received one or more device identifiers correspond to respective medical devices predetermined to receive access to a management server within the healthcare network; in accordance with a determination that the one or more medical devices are predetermined to receive access to the management server: configuring, through the temporary provisioning network, the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server; and transmitting an electronic signal informing the management server that the one or more medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein configuring the one or more medical devices to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network is performed by a production server distinct from the management server and coupled with the healthcare organization via a network external to the healthcare organization. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the temporary provisioning network is configured to broadcast a service set identifier (SSID) preconfigured to be known by the medical devices and the medical devices are configured to seek the SSID prior to being powered on for a first time. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from a certificate server, one or more security certificates assigned to the one or more device identifiers, the one or more security certificates being received prior to determining that the received one or more device identifiers correspond to respective medical devices predetermined to receive access to the management server, and transmitting, to the one or more medical devices, through the temporary provisioning network, the one or more security certificates for installation on the medical devices to access the management server to configure the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the management server is configured to receive, via a user interface provided by the management server, an assignment of the one or more device identifiers to the one or more security certificates, the management server being further configured to provide to a provisioning server outside the healthcare organization the one or more security certificates to the one or more medical devices on a power up of the medical devices, and to communicate with the one or more medical devices after being informed that the one or more medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the management server is configured to receive, via the user interface provided by the management server, an assignment of the one or more device identifiers and the one or more security certificates to a respective facility of a plurality of facilities within the healthcare organization, and wherein configuring the one or more medical devices to access and communicate with the management server comprises configuring the one or more medical devices to communicate via a local network within the respective facility, wherein the one or more security certificates are specific to the respective facility. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more device identifiers are network addresses of the respective medical devices. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication that the one or more medical devices requests access to the healthcare network is received by the management server upon medical device power up. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more medical devices includes an infusion device, a ventilator device, a medicant dispensing device, a medication preparation device, or an automated dispensing device or a device coupled with an infusion device, a ventilator device, a medicant dispensing device, a medication preparation device, or an automated dispensing device. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein the configuring the medical devices to access and communication with the management server further comprises:
transmitting, to the medical device the one or more security certificates; installing, on the medical device, the one or more security certificates; verifying, by the medical device, that the security certificates have been installed successfully; and transmitting, to the server remote from the healthcare organization, a message indicating that security standards of the healthcare network have been met. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein configuring the medical devices further comprises:
receiving an indication that the medical devices have been successfully configured to access and communicate with the management server; and terminating a network access of the medical devices to the predetermined temporary provisioning network. 12. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium embodying instructions that, when executed by a machine, allow the machine to perform a method for automatic network provisioning, the method comprising:
configuring one or more medical devices to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network of a healthcare organization responsive to the one or more medical devices being powered on for a first time, the temporary provisioning network being different than the healthcare network of the healthcare organization; receiving, from the temporary provisioning network, one or more device identifiers corresponding to the one or more medical devices and an indication that the one or more medical devices requests access to the healthcare network; determining, based on receiving the one or more device identifiers, that the received one or more device identifiers correspond to respective medical devices predetermined to receive access to a management server within the healthcare network; in accordance with a determination that the one or more medical devices are predetermined to receive access to the healthcare network and the management server;
configuring, through the temporary provisioning network, the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server; and
confirming that the one or more medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. 13. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein configuring the one or more medical devices to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network is performed by a production server distinct from the management server and outside of the healthcare organization. 14. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the temporary provisioning network is configured to broadcast a service set identifier (SSID) preconfigured to be known by the medical devices and the medical devices are configured to seek the SSID prior to being powered on for a first time. 15. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving one or more security certificates assigned to the one or more device identifiers, the one or more security certificates being received prior to determining that the received one or more device identifiers correspond to respective medical devices predetermined to receive access to the management server; and sending the one or more security certificates for installation on the medical devices to access the management server to configure the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server. 16. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the management server is configured to receive, via a user interface provided by the management server, an assignment of the one or more device identifiers to the one or more security certificates, the management server being further confirmed to provide to a provisioning server outside the healthcare organization the one or more security certificates to the one or more medical devices on a power up of the medical devices, and to communicate with the one or more medical devices after being informed that the one or more medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. 17. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the management server is configured to receive, via the user interface provided by the management server, an assignment of the one or more device identifiers and the one or more security certificates to a respective facility of a plurality of facilities within the healthcare organization, and wherein configuring the one or more medical devices to access and communicate with the management server comprises configuring the one or more medical devices to communicate via a local network within the respective facility, wherein the one or more security certificates are specific to the respective facility. 18. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the configuring the medical devices to access and communication with the management server further comprises:
downloading the one or more security certificates; installing the one or more security certificates; verifying that the security certificates have been installed successfully; and determining security standards of the healthcare network have been met. 19. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the one or more device identifiers are network addresses of the respective medical devices. 20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the indication that the one or more medical devices requests access to the healthcare network is received by the management server upon medical device power up. 21. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein configuring the medical devices further comprises:
receiving an indication that the medical devices have been successfully configured to access and communicate with the management server; and terminating the predetermined temporary provisioning network. 22. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and memory including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: configure one or more medical devices to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network of a healthcare organization responsive to the one or more medical devices being powered on for a first time, the temporary provisioning network being different than the healthcare network of the healthcare organization; receive, from the temporary provisioning network, one or more device identifiers corresponding to the one or more medical devices and an indication that the one or more medical devices requests access to the healthcare network; determine, based on receiving the one or more device identifiers, that the received one or more device identifiers correspond to respective medical devices predetermined to receive access to a management server within the healthcare network; in accordance with a determination that the one or more medical devices are predetermined to receive access to the healthcare network and the management server;
configure, through the temporary provisioning network, the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server; and
confirm that the one or more medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. 23. A medical device, comprising:
a non-volatile data storage unit storing (a) predetermined provisioning network connection information and (b) identification information uniquely identifying the medical device; one or more processors; and memory including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: upon activation of the medical device, determine that the activation is an initial activation at a healthcare facility based at least in part on an activation indicator stored by the medical device; establish, responsive to determining the activation is the initial activation, a first network connection with a provisioning network based at least in part on the predetermined provisioning network connection information; transmit, via the first network connection, the identification information uniquely identifying the medical device; receive, via the first network connection, facility network connection information for accessing and communicating with a management server associated with the healthcare facility; and establish, after receiving the facility network connection information and using a second network different than the provisioning network, a second network connection with the management server based at least in part on the facility network connection information. 24. The medical device of claim 23, wherein the provisioning network connection information comprises a service set identifier (SSID), and wherein establishing the first network connection comprises wirelessly scanning for a broadcast message including the SSID. 25. The medical device of claim 23, wherein the facility network connection information includes a security certificate, and wherein establishing the second network connection is further based at least in part on the security certificate. 26. The medical device of claim 23, wherein the memory includes instructions to further cause the one or more processors to, upon establishing the second network connection, close the first network connection. | One or more medical devices are configured to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network of a healthcare organization, the temporary provisioning network being different than a healthcare network of the healthcare organization. After the devices are received by the healthcare organization, and powered up for the first time, device identifiers corresponding to the medical devices are received at a server remote from the healthcare organization, from the temporary provisioning network, together with an indication that the medical devices are requesting access to a management server within a healthcare network of the healthcare organization. On determining that the medical devices are predetermined to receive access to the management server, a provisioning service configures, through the temporary provisioning network, the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server, and informs the management server that the medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server.1. A method, comprising:
configuring one or more medical devices to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network of a healthcare organization responsive to the one or more medical devices being powered on for a first time by the healthcare organization, the temporary provisioning network being different than a healthcare network of the healthcare organization; receiving, at a server remote from the healthcare organization, from the temporary provisioning network, one or more device identifiers corresponding to the one or more medical devices and an indication that the one or more medical devices requests access to the healthcare network; determining, based on receiving the one or more device identifiers, that the received one or more device identifiers correspond to respective medical devices predetermined to receive access to a management server within the healthcare network; in accordance with a determination that the one or more medical devices are predetermined to receive access to the management server: configuring, through the temporary provisioning network, the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server; and transmitting an electronic signal informing the management server that the one or more medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein configuring the one or more medical devices to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network is performed by a production server distinct from the management server and coupled with the healthcare organization via a network external to the healthcare organization. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the temporary provisioning network is configured to broadcast a service set identifier (SSID) preconfigured to be known by the medical devices and the medical devices are configured to seek the SSID prior to being powered on for a first time. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from a certificate server, one or more security certificates assigned to the one or more device identifiers, the one or more security certificates being received prior to determining that the received one or more device identifiers correspond to respective medical devices predetermined to receive access to the management server, and transmitting, to the one or more medical devices, through the temporary provisioning network, the one or more security certificates for installation on the medical devices to access the management server to configure the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the management server is configured to receive, via a user interface provided by the management server, an assignment of the one or more device identifiers to the one or more security certificates, the management server being further configured to provide to a provisioning server outside the healthcare organization the one or more security certificates to the one or more medical devices on a power up of the medical devices, and to communicate with the one or more medical devices after being informed that the one or more medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the management server is configured to receive, via the user interface provided by the management server, an assignment of the one or more device identifiers and the one or more security certificates to a respective facility of a plurality of facilities within the healthcare organization, and wherein configuring the one or more medical devices to access and communicate with the management server comprises configuring the one or more medical devices to communicate via a local network within the respective facility, wherein the one or more security certificates are specific to the respective facility. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more device identifiers are network addresses of the respective medical devices. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication that the one or more medical devices requests access to the healthcare network is received by the management server upon medical device power up. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more medical devices includes an infusion device, a ventilator device, a medicant dispensing device, a medication preparation device, or an automated dispensing device or a device coupled with an infusion device, a ventilator device, a medicant dispensing device, a medication preparation device, or an automated dispensing device. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein the configuring the medical devices to access and communication with the management server further comprises:
transmitting, to the medical device the one or more security certificates; installing, on the medical device, the one or more security certificates; verifying, by the medical device, that the security certificates have been installed successfully; and transmitting, to the server remote from the healthcare organization, a message indicating that security standards of the healthcare network have been met. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein configuring the medical devices further comprises:
receiving an indication that the medical devices have been successfully configured to access and communicate with the management server; and terminating a network access of the medical devices to the predetermined temporary provisioning network. 12. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium embodying instructions that, when executed by a machine, allow the machine to perform a method for automatic network provisioning, the method comprising:
configuring one or more medical devices to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network of a healthcare organization responsive to the one or more medical devices being powered on for a first time, the temporary provisioning network being different than the healthcare network of the healthcare organization; receiving, from the temporary provisioning network, one or more device identifiers corresponding to the one or more medical devices and an indication that the one or more medical devices requests access to the healthcare network; determining, based on receiving the one or more device identifiers, that the received one or more device identifiers correspond to respective medical devices predetermined to receive access to a management server within the healthcare network; in accordance with a determination that the one or more medical devices are predetermined to receive access to the healthcare network and the management server;
configuring, through the temporary provisioning network, the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server; and
confirming that the one or more medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. 13. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein configuring the one or more medical devices to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network is performed by a production server distinct from the management server and outside of the healthcare organization. 14. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the temporary provisioning network is configured to broadcast a service set identifier (SSID) preconfigured to be known by the medical devices and the medical devices are configured to seek the SSID prior to being powered on for a first time. 15. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, further comprising:
receiving one or more security certificates assigned to the one or more device identifiers, the one or more security certificates being received prior to determining that the received one or more device identifiers correspond to respective medical devices predetermined to receive access to the management server; and sending the one or more security certificates for installation on the medical devices to access the management server to configure the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server. 16. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the management server is configured to receive, via a user interface provided by the management server, an assignment of the one or more device identifiers to the one or more security certificates, the management server being further confirmed to provide to a provisioning server outside the healthcare organization the one or more security certificates to the one or more medical devices on a power up of the medical devices, and to communicate with the one or more medical devices after being informed that the one or more medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. 17. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the management server is configured to receive, via the user interface provided by the management server, an assignment of the one or more device identifiers and the one or more security certificates to a respective facility of a plurality of facilities within the healthcare organization, and wherein configuring the one or more medical devices to access and communicate with the management server comprises configuring the one or more medical devices to communicate via a local network within the respective facility, wherein the one or more security certificates are specific to the respective facility. 18. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the configuring the medical devices to access and communication with the management server further comprises:
downloading the one or more security certificates; installing the one or more security certificates; verifying that the security certificates have been installed successfully; and determining security standards of the healthcare network have been met. 19. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the one or more device identifiers are network addresses of the respective medical devices. 20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the indication that the one or more medical devices requests access to the healthcare network is received by the management server upon medical device power up. 21. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein configuring the medical devices further comprises:
receiving an indication that the medical devices have been successfully configured to access and communicate with the management server; and terminating the predetermined temporary provisioning network. 22. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and memory including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: configure one or more medical devices to connect to a predetermined temporary provisioning network of a healthcare organization responsive to the one or more medical devices being powered on for a first time, the temporary provisioning network being different than the healthcare network of the healthcare organization; receive, from the temporary provisioning network, one or more device identifiers corresponding to the one or more medical devices and an indication that the one or more medical devices requests access to the healthcare network; determine, based on receiving the one or more device identifiers, that the received one or more device identifiers correspond to respective medical devices predetermined to receive access to a management server within the healthcare network; in accordance with a determination that the one or more medical devices are predetermined to receive access to the healthcare network and the management server;
configure, through the temporary provisioning network, the medical devices to access and communicate with the management server; and
confirm that the one or more medical devices have been configured to access and communicate with the management server. 23. A medical device, comprising:
a non-volatile data storage unit storing (a) predetermined provisioning network connection information and (b) identification information uniquely identifying the medical device; one or more processors; and memory including instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: upon activation of the medical device, determine that the activation is an initial activation at a healthcare facility based at least in part on an activation indicator stored by the medical device; establish, responsive to determining the activation is the initial activation, a first network connection with a provisioning network based at least in part on the predetermined provisioning network connection information; transmit, via the first network connection, the identification information uniquely identifying the medical device; receive, via the first network connection, facility network connection information for accessing and communicating with a management server associated with the healthcare facility; and establish, after receiving the facility network connection information and using a second network different than the provisioning network, a second network connection with the management server based at least in part on the facility network connection information. 24. The medical device of claim 23, wherein the provisioning network connection information comprises a service set identifier (SSID), and wherein establishing the first network connection comprises wirelessly scanning for a broadcast message including the SSID. 25. The medical device of claim 23, wherein the facility network connection information includes a security certificate, and wherein establishing the second network connection is further based at least in part on the security certificate. 26. The medical device of claim 23, wherein the memory includes instructions to further cause the one or more processors to, upon establishing the second network connection, close the first network connection. | 3,700 |
347,080 | 16,805,514 | 3,772 | Methods, systems, and devices are described for handling transmissions or channels in wireless communications that collide with one another. The described techniques relate to handling the collision between multiple overlapping channels (e.g., two or more channels of the same priority). For example, a collision resolution configuration may include resolving the collisions among the channels of the same priority first (e.g., feedback information transmissions first, and then control information), among the channels of the same service type first (e.g., normal channels first, and then low latency channel(s)), or across all of the channels of all priorities at once. Collisions may be resolved by dropping or rescheduling overlapping information from the lower priority transmission(s) or channel(s) in consideration of the higher priority transmission(s) or channel(s), or by multiplexing or piggybacking overlapping information from a first priority transmission(s) or channel(s) with a second priority transmission(s) or channel(s). | 1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
identifying first uplink information associated with a first priority level for transmission to a base station; identifying second uplink information associated with a second priority level for transmission to the base station; determining a first set of time resources for transmission of the first uplink information and a second set of time resources for transmission of the second uplink information; determining a collision resolution configuration for transmission of the first uplink information and the second uplink information based at least in part on the first priority level and the second priority level; and transmitting at least a portion of the first uplink information or the second uplink information according to the collision resolution configuration via at least a portion of the first and second sets of time resources. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources nonoverlapping with the second set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration; and transmitting the first uplink information over the first uplink channel via the third set of time resources and the second uplink information over a second uplink channel via the second set of time resources, wherein the first uplink channel comprises a first uplink control channel associated with the first priority level and the first uplink information comprises feedback information of a first hybrid acknowledgement repeat request (HARQ) codebook associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises feedback information of a second HARQ codebook associated with the second priority level, the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources nonoverlapping with the second set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration; and transmitting the first uplink information over the first uplink channel via the third set of time resources and the second uplink information over a second uplink channel via the second set of time resources, wherein the first uplink channel is a first uplink shared channel associated with the first priority level and the second uplink channel is a second uplink shared channel associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources nonoverlapping with the second set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration; and transmitting the first uplink information over the first uplink channel via the third set of time resources and the second uplink information over a second uplink channel via the second set of time resources, wherein the first uplink information comprises channel state information associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises feedback information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing a subset of the first uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the subset of the first uplink information comprises feedback information of a first hybrid acknowledgement repeat request (HARQ) codebook associated with the first priority level or scheduling information associated with the first priority level; dropping the multiplexed subset of the first uplink information based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping with the second set of time resources; and transmitting the second uplink information via the second set of time resources, wherein the second uplink information comprises feedback information of a second HARQ codebook associated with the second priority level, the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the collision resolution configuration comprises:
resolving collisions across channels associated with the same priority level before resolving collisions across priority levels. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information over a third set of time resources nonoverlapping with the second set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration; and transmitting the first uplink information via the third set of time resources and the second uplink information via the second set of time resources, wherein the first uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises shared data associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying third uplink information associated with a third priority level for transmission to the base station; identifying fourth uplink information associated with a fourth priority level for transmission to the base station; multiplexing the first uplink information and the third uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink channel comprises a first uplink shared channel associated with the first priority level and the first uplink information comprises first control information; multiplexing the second uplink information and the fourth uplink information on a second uplink channel associated with a fourth set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the second uplink channel comprises a second uplink shared channel associated with the second priority level and the second uplink information comprises second control information, the third set of time resources overlapping with the fourth set of time resources; transmitting the second uplink channel via the fourth set of time resources, wherein the second priority level is higher than the first priority level; and selectively transmitting the first uplink channel via the third set of time resources. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a first uplink grant comprising a first downlink assignment index (DAI) indicating a number of feedback information bits on the first uplink channel associated with the first priority level, wherein the first uplink grant is associated with the first uplink channel; and receiving a second uplink grant comprising a second DAI indicating a number of feedback information bits on the second uplink channel associated with the second priority level, wherein the second uplink grant is associated with the second uplink channel. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information and the second uplink information over a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink information comprises shared data associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level; dropping a control channel based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping with a fourth set of time resources associated with the control channel, the control channel associated with a third priority level lower than the first and second priority levels; and transmitting the multiplexed first uplink information and second uplink information over the third set of time resources. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information and the second uplink information over a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink information comprises shared data associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level; transmitting the multiplexed first and second uplink information; and transmitting a shared data channel or a control channel associated with a third priority level higher than the first and second priority levels over a fourth set of time resources nonoverlapping with the third set of time resources. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information and the second uplink information over a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink information comprises shared data associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level; dropping the multiplexed first and second uplink information based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping a fourth set of time resources associated with a shared data channel or a control channel associated with a third priority level higher than the first and second priority levels; and transmitting the shared data channel or the control channel over the fourth set of time resources. 13. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
identifying first uplink information associated with a first priority level for transmission to a base station; and identifying the first priority level associated with channel state information based at least in part on a type of the channel state information. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the first priority level comprises:
identifying that the first uplink information comprises a periodic channel state information report; and determining that the first priority level is lower than a priority level of a second channel based at least in part on the first uplink information comprising the periodic channel state information report. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the first priority level comprises:
identifying that the first uplink information comprises a semi-persistent channel state information report included in an uplink control channel; and determining that the first priority level is lower than a priority level of a second channel based at least in part on the first uplink information comprising the semi-persistent channel state information report included in the uplink control channel. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the first priority level comprises:
receiving an uplink grant scheduling an uplink shared channel; identifying that the first uplink information comprises an aperiodic channel state information report scheduled by the uplink grant for transmission on the uplink shared channel; and determining that the first priority level is the same as a priority level indicated by the uplink grant for the uplink shared channel. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
multiplexing the aperiodic channel state information with other uplink control information also associated with the first priority level; and transmitting the multiplexed aperiodic channel state information and other uplink control information via the uplink shared channel. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the first priority level comprises:
receiving an uplink grant scheduling an uplink shared channel; identifying that the first uplink information comprises a semi-persistent channel state information report activated by the uplink grant for transmission on the uplink shared channel; and determining that the first priority level is the same as a priority level indicated by the uplink grant for the uplink shared channel. 19. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify first uplink information associated with a first priority level for transmission to a base station;
identify second uplink information associated with a second priority level for transmission to the base station;
determine a first set of time resources for transmission of the first uplink information and a second set of time resources for transmission of the second uplink information;
determine a collision resolution configuration for transmission of the first uplink information and the second uplink information based at least in part on the first priority level and the second priority level; and
transmit at least a portion of the first uplink information or the second uplink information according to the collision resolution configuration via at least a portion of the first and second sets of time resources. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
multiplex a subset of the first uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the subset of the first uplink information comprises feedback information of a first hybrid acknowledgement repeat request (HARQ) codebook associated with the first priority level or scheduling information associated with the first priority level; drop the multiplexed subset of the first uplink information based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping with the second set of time resources; and transmit the second uplink information via the second set of time resources, wherein the second uplink information comprises feedback information of a second HARQ codebook associated with the second priority level, the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
resolve collisions across channels associated with the same priority level before resolving collisions across priority levels. 22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
multiplex the first uplink information over a third set of time resources nonoverlapping with the second set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration; and transmit the first uplink information via the third set of time resources and the second uplink information via the second set of time resources, wherein the first uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises shared data associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify third uplink information associated with a third priority level for transmission to the base station; identify fourth uplink information associated with a fourth priority level for transmission to the base station; multiplex the first uplink information and the third uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink channel comprises a first uplink shared channel associated with the first priority level and the first uplink information comprises first control information; multiplex the second uplink information and the fourth uplink information on a second uplink channel associated with a fourth set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the second uplink channel comprises a second uplink shared channel associated with the second priority level and the second uplink information comprises second control information, the third set of time resources overlapping with the fourth set of time resources; transmit the second uplink channel via the fourth set of time resources, wherein the second priority level is higher than the first priority level; and selectively transmit the first uplink channel via the third set of time resources. 24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
multiplex the first uplink information and the second uplink information over a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink information comprises shared data associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level; drop a control channel based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping with a fourth set of time resources associated with the control channel, the control channel associated with a third priority level lower than the first and second priority levels; and transmit the multiplexed first uplink information and second uplink information over the third set of time resources. 25. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
multiplex the first uplink information and the second uplink information over a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink information comprises shared data associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level; drop the multiplexed first and second uplink information based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping a fourth set of time resources associated with a shared data channel or a control channel associated with a third priority level higher than the first and second priority levels; and transmit the shared data channel or the control channel over the fourth set of time resources. 26. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify first uplink information associated with a first priority level for transmission to a base station; and
identify the first priority level associated with channel state information based at least in part on a type of the channel state information. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify that the first uplink information comprises a periodic channel state information report; and determine that the first priority level is lower than a priority level of a second channel based at least in part on the first uplink information comprising the periodic channel state information report. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify that the first uplink information comprises a semi-persistent channel state information report included in an uplink control channel; and determine that the first priority level is lower than a priority level of a second channel based at least in part on the first uplink information comprising the semi-persistent channel state information report included in the uplink control channel. 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an uplink grant scheduling an uplink shared channel; identify that the first uplink information comprises an aperiodic channel state information report scheduled by the uplink grant for transmission on the uplink shared channel; and determine that the first priority level is the same as a priority level indicated by the uplink grant for the uplink shared channel. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
multiplex the aperiodic channel state information with other uplink control information also associated with the first priority level; and transmit the multiplexed aperiodic channel state information and other uplink control information via the uplink shared channel. | Methods, systems, and devices are described for handling transmissions or channels in wireless communications that collide with one another. The described techniques relate to handling the collision between multiple overlapping channels (e.g., two or more channels of the same priority). For example, a collision resolution configuration may include resolving the collisions among the channels of the same priority first (e.g., feedback information transmissions first, and then control information), among the channels of the same service type first (e.g., normal channels first, and then low latency channel(s)), or across all of the channels of all priorities at once. Collisions may be resolved by dropping or rescheduling overlapping information from the lower priority transmission(s) or channel(s) in consideration of the higher priority transmission(s) or channel(s), or by multiplexing or piggybacking overlapping information from a first priority transmission(s) or channel(s) with a second priority transmission(s) or channel(s).1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
identifying first uplink information associated with a first priority level for transmission to a base station; identifying second uplink information associated with a second priority level for transmission to the base station; determining a first set of time resources for transmission of the first uplink information and a second set of time resources for transmission of the second uplink information; determining a collision resolution configuration for transmission of the first uplink information and the second uplink information based at least in part on the first priority level and the second priority level; and transmitting at least a portion of the first uplink information or the second uplink information according to the collision resolution configuration via at least a portion of the first and second sets of time resources. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources nonoverlapping with the second set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration; and transmitting the first uplink information over the first uplink channel via the third set of time resources and the second uplink information over a second uplink channel via the second set of time resources, wherein the first uplink channel comprises a first uplink control channel associated with the first priority level and the first uplink information comprises feedback information of a first hybrid acknowledgement repeat request (HARQ) codebook associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises feedback information of a second HARQ codebook associated with the second priority level, the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources nonoverlapping with the second set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration; and transmitting the first uplink information over the first uplink channel via the third set of time resources and the second uplink information over a second uplink channel via the second set of time resources, wherein the first uplink channel is a first uplink shared channel associated with the first priority level and the second uplink channel is a second uplink shared channel associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources nonoverlapping with the second set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration; and transmitting the first uplink information over the first uplink channel via the third set of time resources and the second uplink information over a second uplink channel via the second set of time resources, wherein the first uplink information comprises channel state information associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises feedback information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing a subset of the first uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the subset of the first uplink information comprises feedback information of a first hybrid acknowledgement repeat request (HARQ) codebook associated with the first priority level or scheduling information associated with the first priority level; dropping the multiplexed subset of the first uplink information based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping with the second set of time resources; and transmitting the second uplink information via the second set of time resources, wherein the second uplink information comprises feedback information of a second HARQ codebook associated with the second priority level, the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the collision resolution configuration comprises:
resolving collisions across channels associated with the same priority level before resolving collisions across priority levels. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information over a third set of time resources nonoverlapping with the second set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration; and transmitting the first uplink information via the third set of time resources and the second uplink information via the second set of time resources, wherein the first uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises shared data associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying third uplink information associated with a third priority level for transmission to the base station; identifying fourth uplink information associated with a fourth priority level for transmission to the base station; multiplexing the first uplink information and the third uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink channel comprises a first uplink shared channel associated with the first priority level and the first uplink information comprises first control information; multiplexing the second uplink information and the fourth uplink information on a second uplink channel associated with a fourth set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the second uplink channel comprises a second uplink shared channel associated with the second priority level and the second uplink information comprises second control information, the third set of time resources overlapping with the fourth set of time resources; transmitting the second uplink channel via the fourth set of time resources, wherein the second priority level is higher than the first priority level; and selectively transmitting the first uplink channel via the third set of time resources. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a first uplink grant comprising a first downlink assignment index (DAI) indicating a number of feedback information bits on the first uplink channel associated with the first priority level, wherein the first uplink grant is associated with the first uplink channel; and receiving a second uplink grant comprising a second DAI indicating a number of feedback information bits on the second uplink channel associated with the second priority level, wherein the second uplink grant is associated with the second uplink channel. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information and the second uplink information over a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink information comprises shared data associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level; dropping a control channel based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping with a fourth set of time resources associated with the control channel, the control channel associated with a third priority level lower than the first and second priority levels; and transmitting the multiplexed first uplink information and second uplink information over the third set of time resources. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information and the second uplink information over a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink information comprises shared data associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level; transmitting the multiplexed first and second uplink information; and transmitting a shared data channel or a control channel associated with a third priority level higher than the first and second priority levels over a fourth set of time resources nonoverlapping with the third set of time resources. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
multiplexing the first uplink information and the second uplink information over a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink information comprises shared data associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level; dropping the multiplexed first and second uplink information based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping a fourth set of time resources associated with a shared data channel or a control channel associated with a third priority level higher than the first and second priority levels; and transmitting the shared data channel or the control channel over the fourth set of time resources. 13. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
identifying first uplink information associated with a first priority level for transmission to a base station; and identifying the first priority level associated with channel state information based at least in part on a type of the channel state information. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the first priority level comprises:
identifying that the first uplink information comprises a periodic channel state information report; and determining that the first priority level is lower than a priority level of a second channel based at least in part on the first uplink information comprising the periodic channel state information report. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the first priority level comprises:
identifying that the first uplink information comprises a semi-persistent channel state information report included in an uplink control channel; and determining that the first priority level is lower than a priority level of a second channel based at least in part on the first uplink information comprising the semi-persistent channel state information report included in the uplink control channel. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the first priority level comprises:
receiving an uplink grant scheduling an uplink shared channel; identifying that the first uplink information comprises an aperiodic channel state information report scheduled by the uplink grant for transmission on the uplink shared channel; and determining that the first priority level is the same as a priority level indicated by the uplink grant for the uplink shared channel. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
multiplexing the aperiodic channel state information with other uplink control information also associated with the first priority level; and transmitting the multiplexed aperiodic channel state information and other uplink control information via the uplink shared channel. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein identifying the first priority level comprises:
receiving an uplink grant scheduling an uplink shared channel; identifying that the first uplink information comprises a semi-persistent channel state information report activated by the uplink grant for transmission on the uplink shared channel; and determining that the first priority level is the same as a priority level indicated by the uplink grant for the uplink shared channel. 19. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify first uplink information associated with a first priority level for transmission to a base station;
identify second uplink information associated with a second priority level for transmission to the base station;
determine a first set of time resources for transmission of the first uplink information and a second set of time resources for transmission of the second uplink information;
determine a collision resolution configuration for transmission of the first uplink information and the second uplink information based at least in part on the first priority level and the second priority level; and
transmit at least a portion of the first uplink information or the second uplink information according to the collision resolution configuration via at least a portion of the first and second sets of time resources. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
multiplex a subset of the first uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the subset of the first uplink information comprises feedback information of a first hybrid acknowledgement repeat request (HARQ) codebook associated with the first priority level or scheduling information associated with the first priority level; drop the multiplexed subset of the first uplink information based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping with the second set of time resources; and transmit the second uplink information via the second set of time resources, wherein the second uplink information comprises feedback information of a second HARQ codebook associated with the second priority level, the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
resolve collisions across channels associated with the same priority level before resolving collisions across priority levels. 22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
multiplex the first uplink information over a third set of time resources nonoverlapping with the second set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration; and transmit the first uplink information via the third set of time resources and the second uplink information via the second set of time resources, wherein the first uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises shared data associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level. 23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify third uplink information associated with a third priority level for transmission to the base station; identify fourth uplink information associated with a fourth priority level for transmission to the base station; multiplex the first uplink information and the third uplink information on a first uplink channel associated with a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink channel comprises a first uplink shared channel associated with the first priority level and the first uplink information comprises first control information; multiplex the second uplink information and the fourth uplink information on a second uplink channel associated with a fourth set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the second uplink channel comprises a second uplink shared channel associated with the second priority level and the second uplink information comprises second control information, the third set of time resources overlapping with the fourth set of time resources; transmit the second uplink channel via the fourth set of time resources, wherein the second priority level is higher than the first priority level; and selectively transmit the first uplink channel via the third set of time resources. 24. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
multiplex the first uplink information and the second uplink information over a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink information comprises shared data associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level; drop a control channel based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping with a fourth set of time resources associated with the control channel, the control channel associated with a third priority level lower than the first and second priority levels; and transmit the multiplexed first uplink information and second uplink information over the third set of time resources. 25. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
multiplex the first uplink information and the second uplink information over a third set of time resources based at least in part on the collision resolution configuration, wherein the first uplink information comprises shared data associated with the first priority level and the second uplink information comprises uplink control information associated with the second priority level higher than the first priority level; drop the multiplexed first and second uplink information based at least in part on the third set of time resources at least partially overlapping a fourth set of time resources associated with a shared data channel or a control channel associated with a third priority level higher than the first and second priority levels; and transmit the shared data channel or the control channel over the fourth set of time resources. 26. An apparatus for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify first uplink information associated with a first priority level for transmission to a base station; and
identify the first priority level associated with channel state information based at least in part on a type of the channel state information. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify that the first uplink information comprises a periodic channel state information report; and determine that the first priority level is lower than a priority level of a second channel based at least in part on the first uplink information comprising the periodic channel state information report. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identify that the first uplink information comprises a semi-persistent channel state information report included in an uplink control channel; and determine that the first priority level is lower than a priority level of a second channel based at least in part on the first uplink information comprising the semi-persistent channel state information report included in the uplink control channel. 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive an uplink grant scheduling an uplink shared channel; identify that the first uplink information comprises an aperiodic channel state information report scheduled by the uplink grant for transmission on the uplink shared channel; and determine that the first priority level is the same as a priority level indicated by the uplink grant for the uplink shared channel. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
multiplex the aperiodic channel state information with other uplink control information also associated with the first priority level; and transmit the multiplexed aperiodic channel state information and other uplink control information via the uplink shared channel. | 3,700 |
347,081 | 16,805,570 | 3,772 | The present disclosure generally relates to efficiently reading data during a suspend resume operation. Once writing is suspended, and prior to reading the data, a determination is made regarding whether there are multiple reads of the same page type. If there are multiple reads of the same page type, those reads are paired up so that the two reads of the same page type can occur from two planes in parallel. If two different pages types are read in parallel on the two planes, the slowest page type will determine the duration of the read. By grouping reads of the same page type and proceeding with the read, the disruption during suspend resume operations is minimized. | 1. A data storage device, comprising:
a memory device, wherein the memory device is a MLC device; and a controller coupled to the memory device, the controller configured to:
determine to execute multiple read commands;
determine whether the any of the multiple read commands are of the same page type;
group two reads of the same page type into a pair; and
execute the two reads of the same page type of the pair in parallel on two planes. 2. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the memory device is TLC memory. 3. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to check a read queue to determine if there are any read commands of the same page type as the multiple reads. 4. The data storage device of claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to group a first read command of the multiple read commands with a second read command from the queue. 5. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to suspend write operations prior to determining to execute the multiple read commands. 6. The data storage device of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to resume write operations after executing the two reads of the same page type of the pair. 7. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to create pairs of read commands of the same page type, wherein at least one read command is from a queue. 8. A data storage device, comprising:
a memory device; and a controller coupled to the memory device, the controller is configured to:
suspend write operations;
determine whether any scheduled read commands of are of the same page type;
search a read queue to determine if any queued read commands are of the same page type as the scheduled read commands;
pair up read commands of the same page type; and
execute read commands of the same page type in parallel on two separate planes. 9. The data storage device of claim 8, wherein the scheduled read commands include a plurality of scheduled read commands, wherein the scheduled read commands includes a first scheduled read command of a first page type, a second scheduled read command of a second page type different from the first page type, a third scheduled read command of the first page type, and a fourth scheduled read command of the second page type. 10. The data storage device of claim 9, wherein the first scheduled read command, the second scheduled read command, the third scheduled read command, and the fourth scheduled read command are organized in order from first to fourth. 11. The data storage device of claim 10, wherein the third scheduled read command is paired with the first scheduled read command and wherein the fourth scheduled read command is paired with the second scheduled read command. 12. The data storage device of claim 11, wherein the first page type can be read by executing a first predetermined number of comparisons against voltage stored in the memory device, wherein the second page type can be read by executing a second predetermined number of comparisons against voltage stored in the memory device, and wherein the first predetermined number is less than the second predetermined number. 13. The data storage device of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to resume write operations after executing the read commands. 14. The data storage device of claim 8, wherein pairing up read commands of the same page type involves pairing up a scheduled read command with a queued read command. 15. A data storage device, comprising:
a memory device; and a controller coupled to the memory device, the controller is configured to:
suspend write operations;
determine that two scheduled read commands of a plurality of scheduled read commands have a same number of read thresholds;
pair up read commands with the same number of read thresholds; and
execute read commands of the same read threshold in parallel on two separate planes. 16. The data storage device of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to determine that at least one scheduled read command has a different number of read thresholds than another scheduled read command. 17. The data storage device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of read commands includes, in order, a first scheduled read command having a first read threshold, a second scheduled read command having a second read threshold, and a third scheduled read command having the first read threshold. 18. The data storage device of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to pair the first scheduled read command with the third scheduled read command. 19. The data storage device of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to check a read queue to determine whether any read commands in the read queue have the same number of thresholds as any scheduled read commands that are not paired. 20. The data storage device of claim 19, wherein the controller is configured to check firmware of the data storage device to determine whether the firmware has any read commands to be executed that have the same number of thresholds as any scheduled read commands that are not paired. | The present disclosure generally relates to efficiently reading data during a suspend resume operation. Once writing is suspended, and prior to reading the data, a determination is made regarding whether there are multiple reads of the same page type. If there are multiple reads of the same page type, those reads are paired up so that the two reads of the same page type can occur from two planes in parallel. If two different pages types are read in parallel on the two planes, the slowest page type will determine the duration of the read. By grouping reads of the same page type and proceeding with the read, the disruption during suspend resume operations is minimized.1. A data storage device, comprising:
a memory device, wherein the memory device is a MLC device; and a controller coupled to the memory device, the controller configured to:
determine to execute multiple read commands;
determine whether the any of the multiple read commands are of the same page type;
group two reads of the same page type into a pair; and
execute the two reads of the same page type of the pair in parallel on two planes. 2. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the memory device is TLC memory. 3. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to check a read queue to determine if there are any read commands of the same page type as the multiple reads. 4. The data storage device of claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to group a first read command of the multiple read commands with a second read command from the queue. 5. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to suspend write operations prior to determining to execute the multiple read commands. 6. The data storage device of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to resume write operations after executing the two reads of the same page type of the pair. 7. The data storage device of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to create pairs of read commands of the same page type, wherein at least one read command is from a queue. 8. A data storage device, comprising:
a memory device; and a controller coupled to the memory device, the controller is configured to:
suspend write operations;
determine whether any scheduled read commands of are of the same page type;
search a read queue to determine if any queued read commands are of the same page type as the scheduled read commands;
pair up read commands of the same page type; and
execute read commands of the same page type in parallel on two separate planes. 9. The data storage device of claim 8, wherein the scheduled read commands include a plurality of scheduled read commands, wherein the scheduled read commands includes a first scheduled read command of a first page type, a second scheduled read command of a second page type different from the first page type, a third scheduled read command of the first page type, and a fourth scheduled read command of the second page type. 10. The data storage device of claim 9, wherein the first scheduled read command, the second scheduled read command, the third scheduled read command, and the fourth scheduled read command are organized in order from first to fourth. 11. The data storage device of claim 10, wherein the third scheduled read command is paired with the first scheduled read command and wherein the fourth scheduled read command is paired with the second scheduled read command. 12. The data storage device of claim 11, wherein the first page type can be read by executing a first predetermined number of comparisons against voltage stored in the memory device, wherein the second page type can be read by executing a second predetermined number of comparisons against voltage stored in the memory device, and wherein the first predetermined number is less than the second predetermined number. 13. The data storage device of claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to resume write operations after executing the read commands. 14. The data storage device of claim 8, wherein pairing up read commands of the same page type involves pairing up a scheduled read command with a queued read command. 15. A data storage device, comprising:
a memory device; and a controller coupled to the memory device, the controller is configured to:
suspend write operations;
determine that two scheduled read commands of a plurality of scheduled read commands have a same number of read thresholds;
pair up read commands with the same number of read thresholds; and
execute read commands of the same read threshold in parallel on two separate planes. 16. The data storage device of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to determine that at least one scheduled read command has a different number of read thresholds than another scheduled read command. 17. The data storage device of claim 15, wherein the plurality of read commands includes, in order, a first scheduled read command having a first read threshold, a second scheduled read command having a second read threshold, and a third scheduled read command having the first read threshold. 18. The data storage device of claim 17, wherein the controller is configured to pair the first scheduled read command with the third scheduled read command. 19. The data storage device of claim 15, wherein the controller is configured to check a read queue to determine whether any read commands in the read queue have the same number of thresholds as any scheduled read commands that are not paired. 20. The data storage device of claim 19, wherein the controller is configured to check firmware of the data storage device to determine whether the firmware has any read commands to be executed that have the same number of thresholds as any scheduled read commands that are not paired. | 3,700 |
347,082 | 16,805,561 | 3,772 | A sensor panel connected to a sensor controller for detecting the position of an active stylus in a detection area includes a plurality of linear electrodes extending in an x direction in the detection area and arrayed in the detection area in a y direction transverse to the x direction, a plurality of routing traces associated respectively with the linear electrodes and connected respectively to the linear electrodes, and a plurality of FPC connection terminals associated respectively with the routing traces and connecting the routing traces to the sensor controller. The routing traces have respective routing lines connected at an angle, which is not zero degrees, respectively to trunk lines that are directly connected to the corresponding linear electrodes. The trunk lines of the linear routing traces have substantially equal lengths. | 1. A sensor panel connected to an IC for detecting the position of an active stylus in a detection area, comprising:
a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction in the detection area and arrayed in the detection area in a second direction transverse to the first direction; a plurality of first routing traces associated respectively with the first electrodes and connected respectively to the first electrodes; and a plurality of first terminals associated respectively with the first routing traces and connecting the first routing traces to the IC, wherein the first routing traces have respective first routing lines connected at an angle, which is not zero degrees, respectively to first trunk lines that are directly connected to the corresponding first electrodes, and the first trunk lines that are associated respectively with the first routing traces have substantially equal lengths. 2. The sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein the first routing lines have a plurality of straight portions extending in the second direction and disposed in different positions in the first direction. 3. The sensor panel according to claim 2, wherein the first routing lines extend stepwise. 4. The sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein the first routing lines have straight portions inclined relative to the second direction. 5. The sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein the first routing lines of the first routing traces extend parallel to each other. 6. The sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein the first trunk lines of the first routing traces have a length of zero. 7. The sensor panel according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of second electrodes extending in the second direction and arrayed in the detection area in the first direction; a plurality of second routing traces associated respectively with the second electrodes and connected respectively to the second electrodes; and a plurality of second terminals associated respectively with the second routing traces and connecting the second routing traces to the IC, wherein the second routing traces have respective second routing lines connected at an angle, which is not zero degrees, respectively to second trunk lines that are directly connected to the corresponding second electrodes, and the second trunk lines of the respective second routing traces have substantially equal lengths. 8. A sensor panel connected to an IC for detecting the position of an active stylus in a detection area, comprising:
a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction in the detection area and arrayed in the detection area in a second direction transverse to the first direction; a plurality of first routing traces associated respectively with the first electrodes and connected respectively to the first electrodes; and a plurality of first terminals associated respectively with the first routing traces and connecting the first routing traces to the IC, wherein the first routing traces have, in a first routing trace area disposed adjacent to the detection area in the first direction, a large-pitch portion in which the first routing traces extend at a first pitch and a small-pitch portion in which the first routing traces extend at a second pitch smaller than the first pitch. 9. The sensor panel according to claim 8, wherein both routing trace widths and inter-trace space widths are set to larger values in the large-pitch portion than in the small-pitch portion. 10. The sensor panel according to claim 8, wherein the large-pitch portion and the small-pitch portion correspond to sections of the first routing traces that are arranged in the second direction. 11. The sensor panel according to claim 8, wherein the small-pitch portion is formed closer to the first terminals than how the large-pitch portion is formed relative to the first terminals. 12. The sensor panel according to claim 8, wherein ratios between routing trace widths and inter-trace space widths in the large-pitch portion and in the small-pitch portion are set to such values that inter-trace capacitances per unit length are essentially of the same value in the large-pitch portion and in the small-pitch portion. 13. The sensor panel according to claim 8, further comprising:
a plurality of second electrodes extending in the second direction and arrayed in the detection area in the first direction; a plurality of second routing traces associated respectively with the second electrodes and connected respectively to the second electrodes; and a plurality of second terminals associated respectively with the second routing traces and connecting the second routing traces to the IC, wherein the second routing traces have, in a second routing trace area disposed adjacent to the detection area in the second direction, a large-pitch portion in which the second routing traces extend at a first pitch and a small-pitch portion in which the second routing traces extend at a second pitch smaller than the first pitch. 14. The sensor panel according to claim 13, wherein the first routing traces further have the large-pitch portion and the small-pitch portion in the second routing trace area. 15. A sensor panel connected to an IC for detecting the position of an active stylus in a detection area, comprising:
a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction in the detection area and arrayed in the detection area in a second direction transverse to the first direction; a plurality of first routing traces associated respectively with the first electrodes and connected respectively to the first electrodes; and a plurality of first terminals associated respectively with the first routing traces and connecting the first routing traces to the IC, wherein the first routing traces include extension lines disposed in an area farther away from the first terminals, as viewed in the second direction, than junctions between the first routing traces and the corresponding first electrodes. 16. The sensor panel according to claim 15, wherein the extension lines include straight portions extending in the second direction. 17. The sensor panel according to claim 15, wherein the extension lines overlap, as viewed in the first direction, other first electrodes adjacent to the corresponding first electrodes. 18. The sensor panel according to claim 15, wherein the extension lines overlap, as viewed in the first direction, other first electrodes that are the second neighboring ones from the corresponding first electrodes. 19. The sensor panel according to claim 15, wherein the first routing traces are connected respectively to the first electrodes at end portions of end surfaces of the corresponding first electrodes in the first direction, wherein the end portions are distanced away from the first terminals in the second direction. 20. The sensor panel according to claim 15, further comprising:
a plurality of second electrodes extending in the second direction and arrayed in the detection area in the first direction; a plurality of second routing traces associated respectively with the second electrodes and connected respectively to the second electrodes; and a plurality of second terminals associated respectively with the second routing traces and connecting the second routing traces to the IC, wherein the second routing traces include extension lines disposed in an area farther distanced from the second terminals, as viewed in the first direction, than junctions between the second routing traces and the corresponding second electrodes. 21. A sensor panel connected to an IC for detecting the position of an active stylus in a detection area, comprising:
a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction in the detection area and arrayed in the detection area in a second direction transverse to the first direction; a plurality of first routing traces associated respectively with the first electrodes and connected respectively to the first electrodes; and a plurality of first terminals associated respectively with the first routing traces and connecting the first routing traces to the IC, wherein the first routing traces have respective first routing lines connected at an angle, which is not zero degrees, respectively to first trunk lines that are directly connected to the corresponding first electrodes, the first trunk lines that are associated respectively with the first routing traces have substantially equal lengths, the first routing traces have, in a first routing trace area disposed adjacent to the detection area in the first direction, a large-pitch portion in which the first routing traces extend at a first pitch and a small-pitch portion in which the first routing traces extend at a second pitch smaller than the first pitch, and the first routing traces include extension lines disposed in an area farther distanced from the first terminals, as viewed in the second direction, than junctions between the first routing traces and the corresponding first electrodes. | A sensor panel connected to a sensor controller for detecting the position of an active stylus in a detection area includes a plurality of linear electrodes extending in an x direction in the detection area and arrayed in the detection area in a y direction transverse to the x direction, a plurality of routing traces associated respectively with the linear electrodes and connected respectively to the linear electrodes, and a plurality of FPC connection terminals associated respectively with the routing traces and connecting the routing traces to the sensor controller. The routing traces have respective routing lines connected at an angle, which is not zero degrees, respectively to trunk lines that are directly connected to the corresponding linear electrodes. The trunk lines of the linear routing traces have substantially equal lengths.1. A sensor panel connected to an IC for detecting the position of an active stylus in a detection area, comprising:
a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction in the detection area and arrayed in the detection area in a second direction transverse to the first direction; a plurality of first routing traces associated respectively with the first electrodes and connected respectively to the first electrodes; and a plurality of first terminals associated respectively with the first routing traces and connecting the first routing traces to the IC, wherein the first routing traces have respective first routing lines connected at an angle, which is not zero degrees, respectively to first trunk lines that are directly connected to the corresponding first electrodes, and the first trunk lines that are associated respectively with the first routing traces have substantially equal lengths. 2. The sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein the first routing lines have a plurality of straight portions extending in the second direction and disposed in different positions in the first direction. 3. The sensor panel according to claim 2, wherein the first routing lines extend stepwise. 4. The sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein the first routing lines have straight portions inclined relative to the second direction. 5. The sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein the first routing lines of the first routing traces extend parallel to each other. 6. The sensor panel according to claim 1, wherein the first trunk lines of the first routing traces have a length of zero. 7. The sensor panel according to claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of second electrodes extending in the second direction and arrayed in the detection area in the first direction; a plurality of second routing traces associated respectively with the second electrodes and connected respectively to the second electrodes; and a plurality of second terminals associated respectively with the second routing traces and connecting the second routing traces to the IC, wherein the second routing traces have respective second routing lines connected at an angle, which is not zero degrees, respectively to second trunk lines that are directly connected to the corresponding second electrodes, and the second trunk lines of the respective second routing traces have substantially equal lengths. 8. A sensor panel connected to an IC for detecting the position of an active stylus in a detection area, comprising:
a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction in the detection area and arrayed in the detection area in a second direction transverse to the first direction; a plurality of first routing traces associated respectively with the first electrodes and connected respectively to the first electrodes; and a plurality of first terminals associated respectively with the first routing traces and connecting the first routing traces to the IC, wherein the first routing traces have, in a first routing trace area disposed adjacent to the detection area in the first direction, a large-pitch portion in which the first routing traces extend at a first pitch and a small-pitch portion in which the first routing traces extend at a second pitch smaller than the first pitch. 9. The sensor panel according to claim 8, wherein both routing trace widths and inter-trace space widths are set to larger values in the large-pitch portion than in the small-pitch portion. 10. The sensor panel according to claim 8, wherein the large-pitch portion and the small-pitch portion correspond to sections of the first routing traces that are arranged in the second direction. 11. The sensor panel according to claim 8, wherein the small-pitch portion is formed closer to the first terminals than how the large-pitch portion is formed relative to the first terminals. 12. The sensor panel according to claim 8, wherein ratios between routing trace widths and inter-trace space widths in the large-pitch portion and in the small-pitch portion are set to such values that inter-trace capacitances per unit length are essentially of the same value in the large-pitch portion and in the small-pitch portion. 13. The sensor panel according to claim 8, further comprising:
a plurality of second electrodes extending in the second direction and arrayed in the detection area in the first direction; a plurality of second routing traces associated respectively with the second electrodes and connected respectively to the second electrodes; and a plurality of second terminals associated respectively with the second routing traces and connecting the second routing traces to the IC, wherein the second routing traces have, in a second routing trace area disposed adjacent to the detection area in the second direction, a large-pitch portion in which the second routing traces extend at a first pitch and a small-pitch portion in which the second routing traces extend at a second pitch smaller than the first pitch. 14. The sensor panel according to claim 13, wherein the first routing traces further have the large-pitch portion and the small-pitch portion in the second routing trace area. 15. A sensor panel connected to an IC for detecting the position of an active stylus in a detection area, comprising:
a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction in the detection area and arrayed in the detection area in a second direction transverse to the first direction; a plurality of first routing traces associated respectively with the first electrodes and connected respectively to the first electrodes; and a plurality of first terminals associated respectively with the first routing traces and connecting the first routing traces to the IC, wherein the first routing traces include extension lines disposed in an area farther away from the first terminals, as viewed in the second direction, than junctions between the first routing traces and the corresponding first electrodes. 16. The sensor panel according to claim 15, wherein the extension lines include straight portions extending in the second direction. 17. The sensor panel according to claim 15, wherein the extension lines overlap, as viewed in the first direction, other first electrodes adjacent to the corresponding first electrodes. 18. The sensor panel according to claim 15, wherein the extension lines overlap, as viewed in the first direction, other first electrodes that are the second neighboring ones from the corresponding first electrodes. 19. The sensor panel according to claim 15, wherein the first routing traces are connected respectively to the first electrodes at end portions of end surfaces of the corresponding first electrodes in the first direction, wherein the end portions are distanced away from the first terminals in the second direction. 20. The sensor panel according to claim 15, further comprising:
a plurality of second electrodes extending in the second direction and arrayed in the detection area in the first direction; a plurality of second routing traces associated respectively with the second electrodes and connected respectively to the second electrodes; and a plurality of second terminals associated respectively with the second routing traces and connecting the second routing traces to the IC, wherein the second routing traces include extension lines disposed in an area farther distanced from the second terminals, as viewed in the first direction, than junctions between the second routing traces and the corresponding second electrodes. 21. A sensor panel connected to an IC for detecting the position of an active stylus in a detection area, comprising:
a plurality of first electrodes extending in a first direction in the detection area and arrayed in the detection area in a second direction transverse to the first direction; a plurality of first routing traces associated respectively with the first electrodes and connected respectively to the first electrodes; and a plurality of first terminals associated respectively with the first routing traces and connecting the first routing traces to the IC, wherein the first routing traces have respective first routing lines connected at an angle, which is not zero degrees, respectively to first trunk lines that are directly connected to the corresponding first electrodes, the first trunk lines that are associated respectively with the first routing traces have substantially equal lengths, the first routing traces have, in a first routing trace area disposed adjacent to the detection area in the first direction, a large-pitch portion in which the first routing traces extend at a first pitch and a small-pitch portion in which the first routing traces extend at a second pitch smaller than the first pitch, and the first routing traces include extension lines disposed in an area farther distanced from the first terminals, as viewed in the second direction, than junctions between the first routing traces and the corresponding first electrodes. | 3,700 |
347,083 | 16,805,600 | 3,772 | A retrofit assembly for retrofitting an existing light fixture having an existing housing includes a base, a first mounting member selectively repositionable relative to the base, the first mounting member including a first flange configured to selectively couple the first mounting member to the existing housing, a second mounting member selectively repositionable relative to the base, the second mounting member including a second flange configured to selectively couple the second mounting member to the existing housing, and a lighting element coupled to the base. | 1. A retrofit assembly for retrofitting an existing light fixture having an existing housing, the retrofit assembly comprising:
a base; a first mounting member movable relative to the base and comprising a first flange configured to selectively couple the first mounting member to the existing housing; a second mounting member movable relative to the base and comprising a second flange configured to selectively couple the second mounting member to the existing housing; and a lighting element coupled to the base; wherein the first flange is laterally biased toward the second flange. 2. The retrofit assembly of claim 1, wherein a lateral distance between the first flange and the second flange can be adjusted by at least about 17.5 cm by moving each of the first mounting member and the second mounting member relative to the base. 3. The retrofit assembly of claim 2, wherein the lateral distance between the first flange and the second flange can be adjusted by at least about 22.5 cm by moving each of the first mounting member and the second mounting member relative to the base. 4. The retrofit assembly of claim 1, wherein the first flange is biased toward the second flange using a spring, the spring being coupled to each of the first mounting member and the base. 5. The retrofit assembly of claim 4, wherein the first flange is biased toward the second flange using a plurality of springs, the plurality of springs each being coupled to each of the first mounting member and the base. 6. The retrofit assembly of claim 1, wherein the first flange is biased toward the second flange by a first spring extending between the first mounting member and the base and the second flange is biased toward the first flange by a second spring extending between the second mounting member and the base, the first spring and the second spring each being mounted to a common tab on the base. 7. The retrofit assembly of claim 6, wherein the first spring and the second spring are defined by a common spring constant. 8. The retrofit assembly of claim 1, wherein the existing housing has a first width;
Wherein the base, the mounting member, and the second mounting member are configured to facilitate coupling of the first mounting member to a second existing housing having a second width different from the first width. 9. The retrofit assembly of claim 1, wherein the second flange is laterally biased toward the first flange. 10. A lighting assembly comprising:
a base defining a channel; a mounting member laterally movable relative to the base within the channel, the mounting member including a flange extending away from a planar section of the mounting member; a lighting element coupled to the base; wherein lateral movement of the mounting member out of the channel is mechanically opposed without fasteners. 11. The lighting assembly of claim 10, wherein lateral movement of the mounting member out of the channel is mechanically opposed by a spring biasing the mounting member laterally into the channel. 12. The lighting assembly of claim 10, wherein lateral movement of the mounting member out of the channel is mechanically opposed by interference between the mounting member and the channel. 13. The lighting assembly of claim 10, wherein the mounting member is a first mounting member and the flange is a first flange, and further comprising a second mounting member having a second flange, the second mounting member being laterally movable relative to the base, within the channel. 14. The lighting assembly of claim 13, wherein lateral movement of the second mounting member out of the channel and away from the first mounting member is mechanically opposed without fasteners. 15. The lighting assembly of claim 13, further comprising a driver electrically coupled to the lighting element and fixedly coupled to the first mounting member. 16. The lighting assembly of claim 15, further comprising a battery backup electrically coupled to the lighting element and fixedly coupled to the first mounting member. 17. The lighting assembly of claim 10, wherein the lighting element includes a solid state light source. 18. The lighting assembly of claim 10, wherein the lighting assembly includes a bracket coupled to the base, the bracket extending across the base and at least a portion of the planar section of the mounting member, the bracket defining a slot receiving a portion of the mounting member to restrict motion of the mounting member relative to the base. 19. The lighting assembly of claim 18, wherein the bracket and slot each straddle the base. 20. A method of installing a lighting assembly onto a housing of a light fixture without fasteners, the method comprising:
adjusting a lateral position of a first flange on a first mounting member laterally relative to a first side of a base against a first biasing force acting in a first direction; adjusting a lateral position of a second flange on a second mounting member laterally relative to a second side of the base opposite the first side against a second biasing force acting in a second direction opposite the first; positioning the first mounting member and the second mounting member adjacent the housing of the light fixture; urging at least one of the first flange and the second flange laterally inward, toward the base, by moving one of the first mounting member and the second mounting member laterally inward, toward the base; and coupling the first flange of the first mounting member and the second flange of the second mounting member to the housing, thereby securing the lighting assembly to the housing of the light fixture. | A retrofit assembly for retrofitting an existing light fixture having an existing housing includes a base, a first mounting member selectively repositionable relative to the base, the first mounting member including a first flange configured to selectively couple the first mounting member to the existing housing, a second mounting member selectively repositionable relative to the base, the second mounting member including a second flange configured to selectively couple the second mounting member to the existing housing, and a lighting element coupled to the base.1. A retrofit assembly for retrofitting an existing light fixture having an existing housing, the retrofit assembly comprising:
a base; a first mounting member movable relative to the base and comprising a first flange configured to selectively couple the first mounting member to the existing housing; a second mounting member movable relative to the base and comprising a second flange configured to selectively couple the second mounting member to the existing housing; and a lighting element coupled to the base; wherein the first flange is laterally biased toward the second flange. 2. The retrofit assembly of claim 1, wherein a lateral distance between the first flange and the second flange can be adjusted by at least about 17.5 cm by moving each of the first mounting member and the second mounting member relative to the base. 3. The retrofit assembly of claim 2, wherein the lateral distance between the first flange and the second flange can be adjusted by at least about 22.5 cm by moving each of the first mounting member and the second mounting member relative to the base. 4. The retrofit assembly of claim 1, wherein the first flange is biased toward the second flange using a spring, the spring being coupled to each of the first mounting member and the base. 5. The retrofit assembly of claim 4, wherein the first flange is biased toward the second flange using a plurality of springs, the plurality of springs each being coupled to each of the first mounting member and the base. 6. The retrofit assembly of claim 1, wherein the first flange is biased toward the second flange by a first spring extending between the first mounting member and the base and the second flange is biased toward the first flange by a second spring extending between the second mounting member and the base, the first spring and the second spring each being mounted to a common tab on the base. 7. The retrofit assembly of claim 6, wherein the first spring and the second spring are defined by a common spring constant. 8. The retrofit assembly of claim 1, wherein the existing housing has a first width;
Wherein the base, the mounting member, and the second mounting member are configured to facilitate coupling of the first mounting member to a second existing housing having a second width different from the first width. 9. The retrofit assembly of claim 1, wherein the second flange is laterally biased toward the first flange. 10. A lighting assembly comprising:
a base defining a channel; a mounting member laterally movable relative to the base within the channel, the mounting member including a flange extending away from a planar section of the mounting member; a lighting element coupled to the base; wherein lateral movement of the mounting member out of the channel is mechanically opposed without fasteners. 11. The lighting assembly of claim 10, wherein lateral movement of the mounting member out of the channel is mechanically opposed by a spring biasing the mounting member laterally into the channel. 12. The lighting assembly of claim 10, wherein lateral movement of the mounting member out of the channel is mechanically opposed by interference between the mounting member and the channel. 13. The lighting assembly of claim 10, wherein the mounting member is a first mounting member and the flange is a first flange, and further comprising a second mounting member having a second flange, the second mounting member being laterally movable relative to the base, within the channel. 14. The lighting assembly of claim 13, wherein lateral movement of the second mounting member out of the channel and away from the first mounting member is mechanically opposed without fasteners. 15. The lighting assembly of claim 13, further comprising a driver electrically coupled to the lighting element and fixedly coupled to the first mounting member. 16. The lighting assembly of claim 15, further comprising a battery backup electrically coupled to the lighting element and fixedly coupled to the first mounting member. 17. The lighting assembly of claim 10, wherein the lighting element includes a solid state light source. 18. The lighting assembly of claim 10, wherein the lighting assembly includes a bracket coupled to the base, the bracket extending across the base and at least a portion of the planar section of the mounting member, the bracket defining a slot receiving a portion of the mounting member to restrict motion of the mounting member relative to the base. 19. The lighting assembly of claim 18, wherein the bracket and slot each straddle the base. 20. A method of installing a lighting assembly onto a housing of a light fixture without fasteners, the method comprising:
adjusting a lateral position of a first flange on a first mounting member laterally relative to a first side of a base against a first biasing force acting in a first direction; adjusting a lateral position of a second flange on a second mounting member laterally relative to a second side of the base opposite the first side against a second biasing force acting in a second direction opposite the first; positioning the first mounting member and the second mounting member adjacent the housing of the light fixture; urging at least one of the first flange and the second flange laterally inward, toward the base, by moving one of the first mounting member and the second mounting member laterally inward, toward the base; and coupling the first flange of the first mounting member and the second flange of the second mounting member to the housing, thereby securing the lighting assembly to the housing of the light fixture. | 3,700 |
347,084 | 16,805,572 | 3,772 | The present invention provides a message sending method and a processing device. The method comprises: detecting a trigger duration of a send key; determining a valid duration of a to-be-sent object according to the trigger duration; and sending the to-be-sent object to a receiver, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the to-be-sent object from the receiver when a view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. This solution solves the technical problem of poor user experience caused by the existing overly cumbersome secret message sending process, thereby achieving the technical effect of easily and efficiently sending secret messages. | 1. A message sending method, comprising:
detecting a trigger duration of a send key; determining a valid duration of a to-be-sent object according to the trigger duration; and sending the to-be-sent object to a receiver, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the to-be-sent object from the receiver when a view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending the to-be-sent object to a receiver comprises:
sending the valid duration and the to-be-sent object to the receiver. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
sending the valid duration to a message server, wherein the message server sends a destruction instruction to the receiver when determining that the view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the to-be-sent object comprises one or more of the following: text, a picture, video, voice, and a file. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein different trigger durations correspond to different valid durations. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the trigger duration has a proportional relationship with the valid duration. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
also destroying the to-be-sent object from the sender when the view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the process of determining a valid duration of a to-be-sent object according to the trigger duration, the method further comprises:
displaying a valid duration corresponding to the trigger duration within a predetermined range of the send key. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trigger duration is a time of long-pressing the send key. 10. A message sending method, comprising:
sending a data object to a receiver; and detecting a trigger operation of a sender on the sent object to obtain a valid duration of the data object, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the data object from the receiver when a view duration of the data object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein after acquiring a valid duration of the data object, the method further comprises:
sending the valid duration and the data object to the receiver. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein after acquiring a valid duration of the data object, the method further comprises:
sending the valid duration to a message server, wherein the message server sends a destruction instruction to the receiver when determining that the view duration of the data object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the data object comprises one or more of the following: text, a picture, video, voice, and a file. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the trigger operation comprises one or more of the following: a long press, a point-and-click, and a press greater than a preset force. 15. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
also destroying the data object from the sender when the view duration of the data object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 16. A processing device, comprising a processor and a memory configured to store processor-executable instructions, wherein when executing the instructions, the processor implements:
detecting a trigger duration of a send key; determining a valid duration of a to-be-sent object according to the trigger duration; and sending the to-be-sent object to a receiver, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the to-be-sent object from the receiver when a view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 17. The processing device according to claim 16, wherein the to-be-sent object is also destroyed from the sender when the view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 18. A processing device, comprising a processor and a memory configured to store processor-executable instructions, wherein when executing the instructions, the processor implements:
sending a data object to a receiver; and detecting a trigger operation of a sender on the sent object to obtain a valid duration of the data object, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the data object from the receiver when a view duration of the data object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having computer instructions stored thereon, wherein when executed by a processor causes the processor to execute a method of messaging, the method comprising:
detecting a trigger duration of a send key; determining a valid duration of a to-be-sent object according to the trigger duration; and sending the to-be-sent object to a receiver, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the to-be-sent object from the receiver when a view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having computer instructions stored thereon, wherein when executed by a processor causes the processor to execute a method of messaging, the method comprising:
sending a data object to a receiver; and detecting a trigger operation of a sender on the sent object to obtain a valid duration of the data object, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the data object from the receiver when a view duration of the data object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. | The present invention provides a message sending method and a processing device. The method comprises: detecting a trigger duration of a send key; determining a valid duration of a to-be-sent object according to the trigger duration; and sending the to-be-sent object to a receiver, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the to-be-sent object from the receiver when a view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. This solution solves the technical problem of poor user experience caused by the existing overly cumbersome secret message sending process, thereby achieving the technical effect of easily and efficiently sending secret messages.1. A message sending method, comprising:
detecting a trigger duration of a send key; determining a valid duration of a to-be-sent object according to the trigger duration; and sending the to-be-sent object to a receiver, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the to-be-sent object from the receiver when a view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending the to-be-sent object to a receiver comprises:
sending the valid duration and the to-be-sent object to the receiver. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
sending the valid duration to a message server, wherein the message server sends a destruction instruction to the receiver when determining that the view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the to-be-sent object comprises one or more of the following: text, a picture, video, voice, and a file. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein different trigger durations correspond to different valid durations. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the trigger duration has a proportional relationship with the valid duration. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
also destroying the to-be-sent object from the sender when the view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the process of determining a valid duration of a to-be-sent object according to the trigger duration, the method further comprises:
displaying a valid duration corresponding to the trigger duration within a predetermined range of the send key. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the trigger duration is a time of long-pressing the send key. 10. A message sending method, comprising:
sending a data object to a receiver; and detecting a trigger operation of a sender on the sent object to obtain a valid duration of the data object, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the data object from the receiver when a view duration of the data object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein after acquiring a valid duration of the data object, the method further comprises:
sending the valid duration and the data object to the receiver. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein after acquiring a valid duration of the data object, the method further comprises:
sending the valid duration to a message server, wherein the message server sends a destruction instruction to the receiver when determining that the view duration of the data object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the data object comprises one or more of the following: text, a picture, video, voice, and a file. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the trigger operation comprises one or more of the following: a long press, a point-and-click, and a press greater than a preset force. 15. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
also destroying the data object from the sender when the view duration of the data object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 16. A processing device, comprising a processor and a memory configured to store processor-executable instructions, wherein when executing the instructions, the processor implements:
detecting a trigger duration of a send key; determining a valid duration of a to-be-sent object according to the trigger duration; and sending the to-be-sent object to a receiver, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the to-be-sent object from the receiver when a view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 17. The processing device according to claim 16, wherein the to-be-sent object is also destroyed from the sender when the view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 18. A processing device, comprising a processor and a memory configured to store processor-executable instructions, wherein when executing the instructions, the processor implements:
sending a data object to a receiver; and detecting a trigger operation of a sender on the sent object to obtain a valid duration of the data object, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the data object from the receiver when a view duration of the data object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having computer instructions stored thereon, wherein when executed by a processor causes the processor to execute a method of messaging, the method comprising:
detecting a trigger duration of a send key; determining a valid duration of a to-be-sent object according to the trigger duration; and sending the to-be-sent object to a receiver, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the to-be-sent object from the receiver when a view duration of the to-be-sent object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, having computer instructions stored thereon, wherein when executed by a processor causes the processor to execute a method of messaging, the method comprising:
sending a data object to a receiver; and detecting a trigger operation of a sender on the sent object to obtain a valid duration of the data object, wherein the valid duration is used for destroying the data object from the receiver when a view duration of the data object by the receiver is greater than or equal to the valid duration. | 3,700 |
347,085 | 16,805,552 | 3,772 | Embodiments described herein are directed to a tracking objects using a cognitive heterogeneous ad hoc mesh network. Participant objects transmit notification signals to inform other participant objects in line-of-sight of their position and movement. The participants also utilize echoes of the notification signals to detect and estimate the position and movement of non-participant objects. Participant objects can then share this positional information with one another to refine the estimated position and movement of non-participant objects. The position of each other participant and non-participant object is updated based on an individualized update rate that dynamically changes based on the distance and velocity of closure between the participant and the other participant or non-participant object. | 1. A computing device of a mobile participant, comprising:
a memory that stores computer instructions; and a processor that executes the computer instructions to perform actions, comprising:
determining first positional information and first kinematic information of a first mobile participant;
receiving, from a second mobile participant and at a first rate, a plurality of notification signals that each include second positional information and second kinematic information of the second mobile participant;
determining a current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in a first notification signal of the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant;
identifying a second rate that is less than the first rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant;
determining a distance and a velocity of closure from the second mobile participant to the first mobile participant based on a comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the second positional information and the second kinematic information of the second mobile participant;
increasing the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold;
decreasing the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and
updating the current position of the second mobile participant from the second positional information in the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor updates the current position of the second mobile participant by executing the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
identifying a second notification signal from the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate and when the first notification signal was received; determining a new current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in the second notification signal; and ignoring other notification signals of the plurality of notification signals received between the first notification signal and the second notification signal. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
transmitting, from the first mobile participant, a second plurality of notification signals having an identity and the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant; receiving, from the second plurality of notification signals bouncing off an object, a plurality of echo signals having the identity and the positional and kinematic information of the first mobile participant; and determining third positional information and third kinematic information of the object relative to the first mobile participant based on the plurality of echo signals received by the first mobile participant. 4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
determining an accuracy of the third positional information of the object; requesting additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant when the accuracy is below a threshold value; receiving the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant; determining updated third positional information of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the third positional information of the object; and providing the updated third positional information of the object to the second mobile participant. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
determining a second distance and a second velocity of closure from the object to the first mobile participant based on a second comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object; increasing a third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure exceeds a third threshold; decreasing the third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure is less than a fourth threshold; and updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object by transmitting additional notification signals based on the third rate and receiving additional echo signals bouncing off the object. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
modifying the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant based on a combination of at least one of the following:
a probability of crossing trajectories between the first mobile participant and the second mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the first mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the second mobile participant, and
one or more environmental conditions associated with the first mobile participant and the second mobile participant. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
performing an evasive action based on the updated current position. 8. A method, comprising:
determining, by a computing device, first positional information and first kinematic information of a first mobile participant; receiving, by the computing device, from a second mobile participant and at a first rate, a plurality of notification signals that each include second positional information and second kinematic information of the second mobile participant; determining, by the computing device, a current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in a first notification signal of the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant; identifying, by the computing device, a second rate that is less than the first rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant; determining, by the computing device, a distance and a velocity of closure from the second mobile participant to the first mobile participant based on a comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the second positional information and the second kinematic information of the second mobile participant; increasing, by the computing device, the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold; decreasing, by the computing device, the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and updating, by the computing device, the current position of the second mobile participant from the second positional information in the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein updating the current position of the second mobile participant further comprises:
identifying, by the computing device, a second notification signal from the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate and when the first notification signal was received; determining, by the computing device, a new current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in the second notification signal; and ignoring, by the computing device, other notification signals of the plurality of notification signals received between the first notification signal and the second notification signal. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
transmitting, by the computing device, from the first mobile participant, a second plurality of notification signals having an identity and the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant; receiving, by the computing device, from the second plurality of notification signals bouncing off an object, a plurality of echo signals having the identity and the positional and kinematic information of the first mobile participant; and determining, by the computing device, third positional information and third kinematic information of the object relative to the first mobile participant based on the plurality of echo signals received by the first mobile participant. 11. The method of claim 10, updating the third positional information of the object based on a time-of-flight value from sending the second plurality of notification signal to receiving the plurality of echo signals and an angle-of-arrival value of the plurality of echo signals. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, an accuracy of the third positional information of the object; requesting, by the computing device, additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant when the accuracy is below a threshold value; receiving, by the computing device, the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant; determining, by the computing device, updated third positional information of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the third positional information of the object; and providing, by the computing device, the updated third positional information of the object to the second mobile participant. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, a second distance and a second velocity of closure from the object to the first mobile participant based on a second comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object; increasing, by the computing device, a third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure exceeds a third threshold; decreasing, by the computing device, the third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure is less than a fourth threshold; and updating, by the computing device, the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object by transmitting additional notification signals based on the third rate and receiving additional echo signals bouncing off the object. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
modifying, by the computing device, the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant based on a combination of at least one of the following:
a probability of crossing trajectories between the first mobile participant and the second mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the first mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the second mobile participant, and
one or more environmental conditions associated with the first mobile participant and the second mobile participant. 15. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
performing, by the computing device, an evasive action based on the updated current position. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored computing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
determine first positional information and first kinematic information of a first mobile participant; receive, from a second mobile participant and at a first rate, a plurality of notification signals that each include second positional information and second kinematic information of the second mobile participant; determine a current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in a first notification signal of the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant; identify a second rate that is less than the first rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant; determine a distance and a velocity of closure from the second mobile participant to the first mobile participant based on a comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the second positional information and the second kinematic information of the second mobile participant; increase the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold; decrease the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and update the current position of the second mobile participant from the second positional information in the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein execution of the computing instructions to cause the at least one processor to update the current position of the second mobile participant further causes the at least one processor to:
identify a second notification signal from the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate and when the first notification signal was received; determine a new current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in the second notification signal; and ignore other notification signals of the plurality of notification signals received between the first notification signal and the second notification signal. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
transmit, from the first mobile participant, a second plurality of notification signals having an identity and the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant; receive, from the second plurality of notification signals bouncing off an object, a plurality of echo signals having the identity and the positional and kinematic information of the first mobile participant; and determine third positional information and third kinematic information of the object relative to the first mobile participant based on the plurality of echo signals received by the first mobile participant. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
determine an accuracy of the third positional information of the object; request additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant when the accuracy is below a threshold value; receive the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant; determine updated third positional information of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the third positional information of the object; and provide the updated third positional information of the object to the second mobile participant. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
determine a second distance and a second velocity of closure from the object to the first mobile participant based on a second comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object; increase a third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure exceeds a third threshold; decrease the third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure is less than a fourth threshold; and update the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object by transmitting additional notification signals based on the third rate and receiving additional echo signals bouncing off the object. | Embodiments described herein are directed to a tracking objects using a cognitive heterogeneous ad hoc mesh network. Participant objects transmit notification signals to inform other participant objects in line-of-sight of their position and movement. The participants also utilize echoes of the notification signals to detect and estimate the position and movement of non-participant objects. Participant objects can then share this positional information with one another to refine the estimated position and movement of non-participant objects. The position of each other participant and non-participant object is updated based on an individualized update rate that dynamically changes based on the distance and velocity of closure between the participant and the other participant or non-participant object.1. A computing device of a mobile participant, comprising:
a memory that stores computer instructions; and a processor that executes the computer instructions to perform actions, comprising:
determining first positional information and first kinematic information of a first mobile participant;
receiving, from a second mobile participant and at a first rate, a plurality of notification signals that each include second positional information and second kinematic information of the second mobile participant;
determining a current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in a first notification signal of the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant;
identifying a second rate that is less than the first rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant;
determining a distance and a velocity of closure from the second mobile participant to the first mobile participant based on a comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the second positional information and the second kinematic information of the second mobile participant;
increasing the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold;
decreasing the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and
updating the current position of the second mobile participant from the second positional information in the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate. 2. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor updates the current position of the second mobile participant by executing the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
identifying a second notification signal from the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate and when the first notification signal was received; determining a new current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in the second notification signal; and ignoring other notification signals of the plurality of notification signals received between the first notification signal and the second notification signal. 3. The computing device of claim 1, wherein processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
transmitting, from the first mobile participant, a second plurality of notification signals having an identity and the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant; receiving, from the second plurality of notification signals bouncing off an object, a plurality of echo signals having the identity and the positional and kinematic information of the first mobile participant; and determining third positional information and third kinematic information of the object relative to the first mobile participant based on the plurality of echo signals received by the first mobile participant. 4. The computing device of claim 1, wherein processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
determining an accuracy of the third positional information of the object; requesting additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant when the accuracy is below a threshold value; receiving the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant; determining updated third positional information of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the third positional information of the object; and providing the updated third positional information of the object to the second mobile participant. 5. The computing device of claim 1, wherein processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
determining a second distance and a second velocity of closure from the object to the first mobile participant based on a second comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object; increasing a third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure exceeds a third threshold; decreasing the third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure is less than a fourth threshold; and updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object by transmitting additional notification signals based on the third rate and receiving additional echo signals bouncing off the object. 6. The computing device of claim 1, wherein processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
modifying the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant based on a combination of at least one of the following:
a probability of crossing trajectories between the first mobile participant and the second mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the first mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the second mobile participant, and
one or more environmental conditions associated with the first mobile participant and the second mobile participant. 7. The computing device of claim 1, wherein the processor executes the computer instructions to perform further actions, including:
performing an evasive action based on the updated current position. 8. A method, comprising:
determining, by a computing device, first positional information and first kinematic information of a first mobile participant; receiving, by the computing device, from a second mobile participant and at a first rate, a plurality of notification signals that each include second positional information and second kinematic information of the second mobile participant; determining, by the computing device, a current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in a first notification signal of the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant; identifying, by the computing device, a second rate that is less than the first rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant; determining, by the computing device, a distance and a velocity of closure from the second mobile participant to the first mobile participant based on a comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the second positional information and the second kinematic information of the second mobile participant; increasing, by the computing device, the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold; decreasing, by the computing device, the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and updating, by the computing device, the current position of the second mobile participant from the second positional information in the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein updating the current position of the second mobile participant further comprises:
identifying, by the computing device, a second notification signal from the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate and when the first notification signal was received; determining, by the computing device, a new current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in the second notification signal; and ignoring, by the computing device, other notification signals of the plurality of notification signals received between the first notification signal and the second notification signal. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
transmitting, by the computing device, from the first mobile participant, a second plurality of notification signals having an identity and the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant; receiving, by the computing device, from the second plurality of notification signals bouncing off an object, a plurality of echo signals having the identity and the positional and kinematic information of the first mobile participant; and determining, by the computing device, third positional information and third kinematic information of the object relative to the first mobile participant based on the plurality of echo signals received by the first mobile participant. 11. The method of claim 10, updating the third positional information of the object based on a time-of-flight value from sending the second plurality of notification signal to receiving the plurality of echo signals and an angle-of-arrival value of the plurality of echo signals. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, an accuracy of the third positional information of the object; requesting, by the computing device, additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant when the accuracy is below a threshold value; receiving, by the computing device, the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant; determining, by the computing device, updated third positional information of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the third positional information of the object; and providing, by the computing device, the updated third positional information of the object to the second mobile participant. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining, by the computing device, a second distance and a second velocity of closure from the object to the first mobile participant based on a second comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object; increasing, by the computing device, a third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure exceeds a third threshold; decreasing, by the computing device, the third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure is less than a fourth threshold; and updating, by the computing device, the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object by transmitting additional notification signals based on the third rate and receiving additional echo signals bouncing off the object. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
modifying, by the computing device, the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant based on a combination of at least one of the following:
a probability of crossing trajectories between the first mobile participant and the second mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the first mobile participant,
a maneuverability of the second mobile participant, and
one or more environmental conditions associated with the first mobile participant and the second mobile participant. 15. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
performing, by the computing device, an evasive action based on the updated current position. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored computing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:
determine first positional information and first kinematic information of a first mobile participant; receive, from a second mobile participant and at a first rate, a plurality of notification signals that each include second positional information and second kinematic information of the second mobile participant; determine a current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in a first notification signal of the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant; identify a second rate that is less than the first rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant; determine a distance and a velocity of closure from the second mobile participant to the first mobile participant based on a comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the second positional information and the second kinematic information of the second mobile participant; increase the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when a relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure exceeds a first threshold; decrease the second rate for updating the current position of the second mobile participant when the relationship between the distance and the velocity of closure is less than a second threshold; and update the current position of the second mobile participant from the second positional information in the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein execution of the computing instructions to cause the at least one processor to update the current position of the second mobile participant further causes the at least one processor to:
identify a second notification signal from the plurality of notification signals received from the second mobile participant based on the second rate and when the first notification signal was received; determine a new current position of the second mobile participant based on the second positional information in the second notification signal; and ignore other notification signals of the plurality of notification signals received between the first notification signal and the second notification signal. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
transmit, from the first mobile participant, a second plurality of notification signals having an identity and the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant; receive, from the second plurality of notification signals bouncing off an object, a plurality of echo signals having the identity and the positional and kinematic information of the first mobile participant; and determine third positional information and third kinematic information of the object relative to the first mobile participant based on the plurality of echo signals received by the first mobile participant. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
determine an accuracy of the third positional information of the object; request additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant when the accuracy is below a threshold value; receive the additional positional information of the object from the second mobile participant; determine updated third positional information of the object based on a combination of the received additional positional information and the third positional information of the object; and provide the updated third positional information of the object to the second mobile participant. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein execution of the computing instructions further cause the at least one processor to:
determine a second distance and a second velocity of closure from the object to the first mobile participant based on a second comparison between the first positional information and the first kinematic information of the first mobile participant with the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object; increase a third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when a relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure exceeds a third threshold; decrease the third rate for updating the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object when the relationship between the second distance and the second velocity of closure is less than a fourth threshold; and update the third positional information and the third kinematic information of the object by transmitting additional notification signals based on the third rate and receiving additional echo signals bouncing off the object. | 3,700 |
347,086 | 16,805,488 | 3,772 | A method and apparatus for the PWS transmission on unlicensed frequency in a wireless communication system is provided. A wireless device camps on a cell on a specific unlicensed frequency. A wireless device receives a public warning system (PWS) notification from the cell. A wireless device prioritize at least one licensed frequency over unlicensed frequencies including the specific unlicensed frequency. | 1. A method performed by a wireless device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising,
camping on a cell on a specific unlicensed frequency; receiving a public warning system (PWS) notification from the cell; and prioritizing at least one licensed frequency over unlicensed frequencies including the specific unlicensed frequency. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,
considering all of the unlicensed frequencies including the specific unlicensed frequency to be the lowest priority frequencies. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,
considering all of licensed frequencies to be the highest priority frequencies. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,
considering a specific licensed frequency to be the highest priority frequency. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the specific licensed frequency is designated by a network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,
performing cell re-selection after prioritizing the at least one licensed frequency. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,
camping on another cell on the at least one licensed frequency. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises,
receiving system information block (SIB) 1 and/or system information related to the PWS notification from the other cell on the at least one licensed frequency. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the system information related to the PWS notification includes at least one of SIB 6, SIB7, or SIB8. 10. The method of claim 1, the method further comprises,
performing measurement on a specific licensed frequency while in camping on the cell on the specific unlicensed frequency. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises,
selecting a best cell on the specific licensed frequency upon receiving the PWS notification. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the PWS notification is received via a short message on physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless device is in communication with at least one of a user equipment, a network, or an autonomous vehicle other than the wireless device. 14. A wireless device in a wireless communication system comprising:
a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, and configured to: camp on a cell on a specific unlicensed frequency; control the transceiver to receive a public warning system (PWS) notification from the cell; and prioritize at least one licensed frequency over unlicensed frequencies including the specific unlicensed frequency. 15. A processor for a wireless device in a wireless communication system, wherein the processor is configured to control the wireless device to perform operations comprising:
camping on a cell on a specific unlicensed frequency; receiving a public warning system (PWS) notification from the cell; and prioritizing at least one licensed frequency over unlicensed frequencies including the specific unlicensed frequency. | A method and apparatus for the PWS transmission on unlicensed frequency in a wireless communication system is provided. A wireless device camps on a cell on a specific unlicensed frequency. A wireless device receives a public warning system (PWS) notification from the cell. A wireless device prioritize at least one licensed frequency over unlicensed frequencies including the specific unlicensed frequency.1. A method performed by a wireless device in a wireless communication system, the method comprising,
camping on a cell on a specific unlicensed frequency; receiving a public warning system (PWS) notification from the cell; and prioritizing at least one licensed frequency over unlicensed frequencies including the specific unlicensed frequency. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,
considering all of the unlicensed frequencies including the specific unlicensed frequency to be the lowest priority frequencies. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,
considering all of licensed frequencies to be the highest priority frequencies. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,
considering a specific licensed frequency to be the highest priority frequency. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the specific licensed frequency is designated by a network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,
performing cell re-selection after prioritizing the at least one licensed frequency. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises,
camping on another cell on the at least one licensed frequency. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises,
receiving system information block (SIB) 1 and/or system information related to the PWS notification from the other cell on the at least one licensed frequency. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the system information related to the PWS notification includes at least one of SIB 6, SIB7, or SIB8. 10. The method of claim 1, the method further comprises,
performing measurement on a specific licensed frequency while in camping on the cell on the specific unlicensed frequency. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises,
selecting a best cell on the specific licensed frequency upon receiving the PWS notification. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the PWS notification is received via a short message on physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless device is in communication with at least one of a user equipment, a network, or an autonomous vehicle other than the wireless device. 14. A wireless device in a wireless communication system comprising:
a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor operatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory, and configured to: camp on a cell on a specific unlicensed frequency; control the transceiver to receive a public warning system (PWS) notification from the cell; and prioritize at least one licensed frequency over unlicensed frequencies including the specific unlicensed frequency. 15. A processor for a wireless device in a wireless communication system, wherein the processor is configured to control the wireless device to perform operations comprising:
camping on a cell on a specific unlicensed frequency; receiving a public warning system (PWS) notification from the cell; and prioritizing at least one licensed frequency over unlicensed frequencies including the specific unlicensed frequency. | 3,700 |
347,087 | 16,805,575 | 3,772 | Some implementations may involve providing a slot game in which the game outcome presentation may involve displaying a prize-on frame in one or more display symbol locations. In some examples, the display symbol locations in which a prize-on frame may be displayed are predetermined display symbol locations, such as locations of one or more particular slot reels. Each of the prize-on frames may be displayed around a display symbol that is selected to be displayed in the display symbol location corresponding to a prize-on frame. If a display symbol corresponding to a prize-on frame is part of a winning combination, a prize indicated on the prize-on frame may be awarded. The prize may, for example, be a particular credit value that is indicated on the prize-on frame, the current value of a particular jackpot that is indicated on the prize-on frame, etc. | 1. A gaming device, comprising:
a display system including one or more displays; an interface system including at least one network interface and at least one user interface; and a control system including one or more processors, the control system being configured for:
receiving, via the interface system, user input for initiation of an instance of a wagering game, the wagering game comprising a slot game;
determining a game outcome and corresponding display symbols for the instance of the wagering game, wherein determining the game outcome involves:
determining whether a game outcome presentation will involve displaying a prize-on frame in one or more predetermined display symbol locations; and
determining a game outcome award;
controlling the display system to display the game outcome, wherein displaying the game outcome involves:
displaying the display symbols at a plurality of display symbol locations on a display device of the display system, wherein the plurality of display symbol locations are arranged in a plurality of display symbol rows and display symbol columns; and
for game instances in which it is determined that the game outcome presentation will involve displaying a prize-on frame in one or more predetermined display symbol locations, displaying the prize-on frame around one or more of the display symbols in the one or more predetermined display symbol locations; and
controlling the display system to present award effects corresponding to a game outcome award determination. 2. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the game outcome presentation involves displaying a prize-on frame in a predetermined display symbol location and wherein determining the game outcome award involves determining whether a display symbol presented in the predetermined display symbol location is part of a winning combination of display symbols. 3. The gaming device of claim 2, wherein it is determined that the display symbol presented in the predetermined display symbol location is part of the winning combination of display symbols, wherein the prize-on frame indicates a credit value and wherein determining the game outcome award involves awarding a credit value corresponding to the credit value indicated on the prize-on frame. 4. The gaming device of claim 2, wherein it is determined that the display symbol presented in the predetermined display symbol location is part of the winning combination of display symbols, wherein the prize-on frame indicates a progressive jackpot and wherein determining the game outcome award involves awarding a credit value corresponding to a current credit value of the progressive jackpot. 5. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein if the control system determined that no prize-on frame would be presented for an instance of the wagering game immediately prior to a current instance of the wagering game and the control system determines that a prize-on frame will be displayed during the current instance of the wagering game, the control system is configured to determine that the prize-on frame can only be displayed in a predetermined initial display symbol location. 6. The gaming device of claim 5, wherein the predetermined initial display symbol location is a predetermined display symbol column. 7. The gaming device of claim 6, wherein the predetermined initial display symbol location is a predetermined display symbol row of the predetermined display symbol column. 8. The gaming device of claim 5, wherein if the control system determines that a prize-on frame will be presented in the predetermined initial display symbol location, the control system is configured to determine that a prize-on frame will be displayed in a next instance of the wagering game that is immediately after the current instance of the wagering game. 9. The gaming device of claim 8, wherein the control system is configured to determine that the prize-on frame that is displayed in the next instance of the wagering game will be displayed in a predetermined secondary display symbol location. 10. The gaming device of claim 9, wherein the predetermined secondary display symbol location is adjacent to the predetermined initial display symbol location. 11. The gaming device of claim 9, wherein the prize-on frame that is displayed in the next instance of the wagering game will match the prize-on frame that is displayed in the current instance of the wagering game. 12. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein a display symbol is randomly selected for a display symbol location in which a prize-on frame is displayed. 13. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein determinations of the game outcome and corresponding display symbols for the instance of the wagering game are based on one or more random numbers output from a random number generator (RNG). 14. The gaming device of claim 13, wherein determining the game outcome and corresponding display symbols for the instance of the wagering game involves making one or more RNG calls to a game processing backend system. 15. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the game outcome presentation involves displaying a prize-on frame in two or more predetermined display symbol locations. 16. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein all of the one or more predetermined display symbol locations are in a single display symbol column. 17. The gaming device of claim 16, wherein if the control system determines that a prize-on frame will be presented in a predetermined initial display symbol row of the single display symbol column during a current instance of the wagering game, the control system is configured to determine that a prize-on frame will be displayed in a predetermined secondary display symbol row of the single display symbol column during a next instance of the wagering game that is immediately after the current instance of the wagering game. 18. The gaming device of claim 17, wherein the predetermined secondary display symbol row is adjacent to the predetermined initial display symbol row. 19. The gaming device of claim 17, wherein the predetermined secondary display symbol row is above the predetermined initial display symbol row. 20. The gaming device of claim 19, wherein the control system is configured for controlling the display system to present a sequence of images corresponding to raising the prize-on frame from the predetermined initial display symbol row of the single display symbol column to the predetermined secondary display symbol row of the single display symbol column. | Some implementations may involve providing a slot game in which the game outcome presentation may involve displaying a prize-on frame in one or more display symbol locations. In some examples, the display symbol locations in which a prize-on frame may be displayed are predetermined display symbol locations, such as locations of one or more particular slot reels. Each of the prize-on frames may be displayed around a display symbol that is selected to be displayed in the display symbol location corresponding to a prize-on frame. If a display symbol corresponding to a prize-on frame is part of a winning combination, a prize indicated on the prize-on frame may be awarded. The prize may, for example, be a particular credit value that is indicated on the prize-on frame, the current value of a particular jackpot that is indicated on the prize-on frame, etc.1. A gaming device, comprising:
a display system including one or more displays; an interface system including at least one network interface and at least one user interface; and a control system including one or more processors, the control system being configured for:
receiving, via the interface system, user input for initiation of an instance of a wagering game, the wagering game comprising a slot game;
determining a game outcome and corresponding display symbols for the instance of the wagering game, wherein determining the game outcome involves:
determining whether a game outcome presentation will involve displaying a prize-on frame in one or more predetermined display symbol locations; and
determining a game outcome award;
controlling the display system to display the game outcome, wherein displaying the game outcome involves:
displaying the display symbols at a plurality of display symbol locations on a display device of the display system, wherein the plurality of display symbol locations are arranged in a plurality of display symbol rows and display symbol columns; and
for game instances in which it is determined that the game outcome presentation will involve displaying a prize-on frame in one or more predetermined display symbol locations, displaying the prize-on frame around one or more of the display symbols in the one or more predetermined display symbol locations; and
controlling the display system to present award effects corresponding to a game outcome award determination. 2. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the game outcome presentation involves displaying a prize-on frame in a predetermined display symbol location and wherein determining the game outcome award involves determining whether a display symbol presented in the predetermined display symbol location is part of a winning combination of display symbols. 3. The gaming device of claim 2, wherein it is determined that the display symbol presented in the predetermined display symbol location is part of the winning combination of display symbols, wherein the prize-on frame indicates a credit value and wherein determining the game outcome award involves awarding a credit value corresponding to the credit value indicated on the prize-on frame. 4. The gaming device of claim 2, wherein it is determined that the display symbol presented in the predetermined display symbol location is part of the winning combination of display symbols, wherein the prize-on frame indicates a progressive jackpot and wherein determining the game outcome award involves awarding a credit value corresponding to a current credit value of the progressive jackpot. 5. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein if the control system determined that no prize-on frame would be presented for an instance of the wagering game immediately prior to a current instance of the wagering game and the control system determines that a prize-on frame will be displayed during the current instance of the wagering game, the control system is configured to determine that the prize-on frame can only be displayed in a predetermined initial display symbol location. 6. The gaming device of claim 5, wherein the predetermined initial display symbol location is a predetermined display symbol column. 7. The gaming device of claim 6, wherein the predetermined initial display symbol location is a predetermined display symbol row of the predetermined display symbol column. 8. The gaming device of claim 5, wherein if the control system determines that a prize-on frame will be presented in the predetermined initial display symbol location, the control system is configured to determine that a prize-on frame will be displayed in a next instance of the wagering game that is immediately after the current instance of the wagering game. 9. The gaming device of claim 8, wherein the control system is configured to determine that the prize-on frame that is displayed in the next instance of the wagering game will be displayed in a predetermined secondary display symbol location. 10. The gaming device of claim 9, wherein the predetermined secondary display symbol location is adjacent to the predetermined initial display symbol location. 11. The gaming device of claim 9, wherein the prize-on frame that is displayed in the next instance of the wagering game will match the prize-on frame that is displayed in the current instance of the wagering game. 12. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein a display symbol is randomly selected for a display symbol location in which a prize-on frame is displayed. 13. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein determinations of the game outcome and corresponding display symbols for the instance of the wagering game are based on one or more random numbers output from a random number generator (RNG). 14. The gaming device of claim 13, wherein determining the game outcome and corresponding display symbols for the instance of the wagering game involves making one or more RNG calls to a game processing backend system. 15. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the game outcome presentation involves displaying a prize-on frame in two or more predetermined display symbol locations. 16. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein all of the one or more predetermined display symbol locations are in a single display symbol column. 17. The gaming device of claim 16, wherein if the control system determines that a prize-on frame will be presented in a predetermined initial display symbol row of the single display symbol column during a current instance of the wagering game, the control system is configured to determine that a prize-on frame will be displayed in a predetermined secondary display symbol row of the single display symbol column during a next instance of the wagering game that is immediately after the current instance of the wagering game. 18. The gaming device of claim 17, wherein the predetermined secondary display symbol row is adjacent to the predetermined initial display symbol row. 19. The gaming device of claim 17, wherein the predetermined secondary display symbol row is above the predetermined initial display symbol row. 20. The gaming device of claim 19, wherein the control system is configured for controlling the display system to present a sequence of images corresponding to raising the prize-on frame from the predetermined initial display symbol row of the single display symbol column to the predetermined secondary display symbol row of the single display symbol column. | 3,700 |
347,088 | 16,805,567 | 3,772 | The present disclosure discloses a map creation method of a mobile robot, the mobile robot working indoors, comprising the following steps: S1: obtaining Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point according to a ceiling image taken from the current point and the reference point; S2: determining whether the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a set value, if so, saving the map data of the current point, otherwise, not saving the map data of the current point; S3: returning to step S1 after the mobile robot moves a predetermined distance or for a predetermined time; S4: repeating steps S1 through S3 until the map creation in the working area is complete. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present disclosure effectively determines whether the mobile robot deflects on the working surface and deletes the map data with errors when the mobile robot deflects, thus improving the map creation accuracy of the mobile robot. The present disclosure also discloses a mobile robot using the above method. | 1. A method for creating a map in a working area for a mobile robot, the method comprising:
S1: obtaining Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on images obtained at the current point and the reference point; S2: determining whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value, and saving map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value; S3: returning to step S1 after the mobile robot moves a predetermined distance or for a predetermined time; and S4: repeating steps S1 through S3 until the map creation in the working area is complete, wherein the current point is the current position of the mobile robot, and the reference point is the position where the mobile robot saves the map data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein S1 further comprises:
S11: obtaining the images by a camera on the mobile robot at the reference point and the current point;
S12: calculating a basic matrix of the camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm;
S13: obtaining an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix;
S14: obtaining a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and
S15: calculating the Euler angles of the mobile robot at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset value of the angle range is 5° to 10°. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference point at which the mobile robot starts to create the map is the position at which the mobile robot starts to work or the position of a charging base. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the images comprise ceiling images. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the mobile robot comprises:
a panoramic camera configured to capture the ceiling images and surrowiding environment images; and a control module configured to calculate the Euler angles and convert the surrounding environment images into the map data. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the mobile robot comprises:
a camera configured to capture the ceiling images; a laser radar configured to capture surrounding environment images; and a control module configured to calculate the Euler angles and convert the surrounding environment images into the map data. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising disregarding the map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is not lower than the preset value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at S2, whether the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value is determined based on point matching and calculation of a basic matrix by RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein S2 further comprises:
automatically extracting feature point sets of the images and establishing an initial matching pair set;
removing false matching by the RANSAC algorithm; and
re-estimating the basic matrix by a maximum consistent point set. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein removing the false matching comprises:
calculating the basic matrix determined by the current sampling and its consistent point set; if the current consistent point set is larger than an original consistent point set, maintaining the current consistent point set and the corresponding basic matrix, and deleting the original consistent point set and the corresponding basic matrix; and terminating the sampling process by an adaptive algorithm to obtain the maximum consistent point set, the matching pairs in the maximum consistent point set being the correct matching pairs. 12. The method of claim 2, wherein at S3, the relationship between the eigenmatrix and the basic matrix is E=KTFK, where E is the eigenmatrix, F is the basic matrix, and K is the internal parameter matrix obtained through camera calibration. 13. A cleaning robot, comprising:
a cleaning module configured to perform cleaning actions; a sensor module configured to inspect whether the cleaning robot encounters an obstacle or works abnormally; a panoramic camera on the top of the cleaning robot and inclining to a forward direction of the cleaning robot, the panoramic camera being configured to simultaneously capture ceiling images and surrounding environment images in the forward direction; and a control module configured to:
calculate Euler angles based on the ceiling images and generate map data based on the surrounding environment images; and
control the cleaning actions of the cleaning module based on information related to the inspection of the sensor module. 14. The cleaning robot of claim 13, wherein the control module is further configured to:
obtain the Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on the ceiling images captured at the current point and the reference point; determine whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value; and save map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value, wherein the current point is the current position of the cleaning robot, and the reference point is the position where the cleaning robot saves the map data. 15. The cleaning robot of claim 14, wherein to obtain the Euler angles, the control module is further configured to:
obtain the ceiling images by the panoramic camera at the reference point and the current point; calculate a basic matrix of the panoramic camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm; obtain an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix; obtain a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and calculate the Euler angles of the panoramic camera at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 16. The cleaning robot of claim 13, further comprising:
a communication module configured to receive external commands and send the map information and/or working status information of the cleaning robot to a user terminal; a drive module comprising left and right driving wheels and universal wheels, the left and right driving wheels driving the cleaning robot to move on a working surface under a command of the control module; and a power module comprising a rechargeable battery. 17. A cleaning robot, comprising:
a cleaning module configured to perform cleaning actions; a sensor module configured to inspect whether the cleaning robot encounters an obstacle or works abnormally; a camera configured to capture ceiling images; a laser lidar configured to capture surrounding environment images; and a control module configured to:
calculate Euler angles based on the ceiling images and generate map data based on the surrounding environment images; and
control the cleaning actions of the cleaning module based on information related to the inspection of the sensor module. 18. The cleaning robot of claim 17, wherein the control module is further configured to:
obtain the Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on the ceiling images captured at the current point and the reference point; determine whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value; and save map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value, wherein the current point is the current position of the cleaning robot, and the reference point is the position where the cleaning robot saves the map data. 19. The cleaning robot of claim 18, wherein to obtain the Euler angles, the control module is further configured to:
obtain the ceiling images by the camera at the reference point and the current point; calculate a basic matrix of the camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm; obtain an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix; obtain a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and calculate the Euler angles of the camera at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 20. The cleaning robot of claim 17, further comprising:
a communication module configured to receive external commands and send the map information and/or working status information of the cleaning robot to a user terminal; a drive module comprising left and right driving wheels and universal wheels, the left and right driving wheels driving the cleaning robot to move on a working surface wider a command of the control module; and a power module comprising a rechargeable battery. | The present disclosure discloses a map creation method of a mobile robot, the mobile robot working indoors, comprising the following steps: S1: obtaining Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point according to a ceiling image taken from the current point and the reference point; S2: determining whether the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a set value, if so, saving the map data of the current point, otherwise, not saving the map data of the current point; S3: returning to step S1 after the mobile robot moves a predetermined distance or for a predetermined time; S4: repeating steps S1 through S3 until the map creation in the working area is complete. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present disclosure effectively determines whether the mobile robot deflects on the working surface and deletes the map data with errors when the mobile robot deflects, thus improving the map creation accuracy of the mobile robot. The present disclosure also discloses a mobile robot using the above method.1. A method for creating a map in a working area for a mobile robot, the method comprising:
S1: obtaining Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on images obtained at the current point and the reference point; S2: determining whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value, and saving map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value; S3: returning to step S1 after the mobile robot moves a predetermined distance or for a predetermined time; and S4: repeating steps S1 through S3 until the map creation in the working area is complete, wherein the current point is the current position of the mobile robot, and the reference point is the position where the mobile robot saves the map data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein S1 further comprises:
S11: obtaining the images by a camera on the mobile robot at the reference point and the current point;
S12: calculating a basic matrix of the camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm;
S13: obtaining an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix;
S14: obtaining a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and
S15: calculating the Euler angles of the mobile robot at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset value of the angle range is 5° to 10°. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference point at which the mobile robot starts to create the map is the position at which the mobile robot starts to work or the position of a charging base. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the images comprise ceiling images. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the mobile robot comprises:
a panoramic camera configured to capture the ceiling images and surrowiding environment images; and a control module configured to calculate the Euler angles and convert the surrounding environment images into the map data. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the mobile robot comprises:
a camera configured to capture the ceiling images; a laser radar configured to capture surrounding environment images; and a control module configured to calculate the Euler angles and convert the surrounding environment images into the map data. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising disregarding the map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is not lower than the preset value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at S2, whether the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value is determined based on point matching and calculation of a basic matrix by RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein S2 further comprises:
automatically extracting feature point sets of the images and establishing an initial matching pair set;
removing false matching by the RANSAC algorithm; and
re-estimating the basic matrix by a maximum consistent point set. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein removing the false matching comprises:
calculating the basic matrix determined by the current sampling and its consistent point set; if the current consistent point set is larger than an original consistent point set, maintaining the current consistent point set and the corresponding basic matrix, and deleting the original consistent point set and the corresponding basic matrix; and terminating the sampling process by an adaptive algorithm to obtain the maximum consistent point set, the matching pairs in the maximum consistent point set being the correct matching pairs. 12. The method of claim 2, wherein at S3, the relationship between the eigenmatrix and the basic matrix is E=KTFK, where E is the eigenmatrix, F is the basic matrix, and K is the internal parameter matrix obtained through camera calibration. 13. A cleaning robot, comprising:
a cleaning module configured to perform cleaning actions; a sensor module configured to inspect whether the cleaning robot encounters an obstacle or works abnormally; a panoramic camera on the top of the cleaning robot and inclining to a forward direction of the cleaning robot, the panoramic camera being configured to simultaneously capture ceiling images and surrounding environment images in the forward direction; and a control module configured to:
calculate Euler angles based on the ceiling images and generate map data based on the surrounding environment images; and
control the cleaning actions of the cleaning module based on information related to the inspection of the sensor module. 14. The cleaning robot of claim 13, wherein the control module is further configured to:
obtain the Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on the ceiling images captured at the current point and the reference point; determine whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value; and save map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value, wherein the current point is the current position of the cleaning robot, and the reference point is the position where the cleaning robot saves the map data. 15. The cleaning robot of claim 14, wherein to obtain the Euler angles, the control module is further configured to:
obtain the ceiling images by the panoramic camera at the reference point and the current point; calculate a basic matrix of the panoramic camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm; obtain an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix; obtain a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and calculate the Euler angles of the panoramic camera at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 16. The cleaning robot of claim 13, further comprising:
a communication module configured to receive external commands and send the map information and/or working status information of the cleaning robot to a user terminal; a drive module comprising left and right driving wheels and universal wheels, the left and right driving wheels driving the cleaning robot to move on a working surface under a command of the control module; and a power module comprising a rechargeable battery. 17. A cleaning robot, comprising:
a cleaning module configured to perform cleaning actions; a sensor module configured to inspect whether the cleaning robot encounters an obstacle or works abnormally; a camera configured to capture ceiling images; a laser lidar configured to capture surrounding environment images; and a control module configured to:
calculate Euler angles based on the ceiling images and generate map data based on the surrounding environment images; and
control the cleaning actions of the cleaning module based on information related to the inspection of the sensor module. 18. The cleaning robot of claim 17, wherein the control module is further configured to:
obtain the Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on the ceiling images captured at the current point and the reference point; determine whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value; and save map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value, wherein the current point is the current position of the cleaning robot, and the reference point is the position where the cleaning robot saves the map data. 19. The cleaning robot of claim 18, wherein to obtain the Euler angles, the control module is further configured to:
obtain the ceiling images by the camera at the reference point and the current point; calculate a basic matrix of the camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm; obtain an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix; obtain a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and calculate the Euler angles of the camera at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 20. The cleaning robot of claim 17, further comprising:
a communication module configured to receive external commands and send the map information and/or working status information of the cleaning robot to a user terminal; a drive module comprising left and right driving wheels and universal wheels, the left and right driving wheels driving the cleaning robot to move on a working surface wider a command of the control module; and a power module comprising a rechargeable battery. | 3,700 |
347,089 | 16,805,532 | 3,772 | The present disclosure discloses a map creation method of a mobile robot, the mobile robot working indoors, comprising the following steps: S1: obtaining Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point according to a ceiling image taken from the current point and the reference point; S2: determining whether the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a set value, if so, saving the map data of the current point, otherwise, not saving the map data of the current point; S3: returning to step S1 after the mobile robot moves a predetermined distance or for a predetermined time; S4: repeating steps S1 through S3 until the map creation in the working area is complete. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present disclosure effectively determines whether the mobile robot deflects on the working surface and deletes the map data with errors when the mobile robot deflects, thus improving the map creation accuracy of the mobile robot. The present disclosure also discloses a mobile robot using the above method. | 1. A method for creating a map in a working area for a mobile robot, the method comprising:
S1: obtaining Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on images obtained at the current point and the reference point; S2: determining whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value, and saving map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value; S3: returning to step S1 after the mobile robot moves a predetermined distance or for a predetermined time; and S4: repeating steps S1 through S3 until the map creation in the working area is complete, wherein the current point is the current position of the mobile robot, and the reference point is the position where the mobile robot saves the map data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein S1 further comprises:
S11: obtaining the images by a camera on the mobile robot at the reference point and the current point;
S12: calculating a basic matrix of the camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm;
S13: obtaining an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix;
S14: obtaining a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and
S15: calculating the Euler angles of the mobile robot at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset value of the angle range is 5° to 10°. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference point at which the mobile robot starts to create the map is the position at which the mobile robot starts to work or the position of a charging base. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the images comprise ceiling images. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the mobile robot comprises:
a panoramic camera configured to capture the ceiling images and surrowiding environment images; and a control module configured to calculate the Euler angles and convert the surrounding environment images into the map data. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the mobile robot comprises:
a camera configured to capture the ceiling images; a laser radar configured to capture surrounding environment images; and a control module configured to calculate the Euler angles and convert the surrounding environment images into the map data. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising disregarding the map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is not lower than the preset value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at S2, whether the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value is determined based on point matching and calculation of a basic matrix by RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein S2 further comprises:
automatically extracting feature point sets of the images and establishing an initial matching pair set;
removing false matching by the RANSAC algorithm; and
re-estimating the basic matrix by a maximum consistent point set. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein removing the false matching comprises:
calculating the basic matrix determined by the current sampling and its consistent point set; if the current consistent point set is larger than an original consistent point set, maintaining the current consistent point set and the corresponding basic matrix, and deleting the original consistent point set and the corresponding basic matrix; and terminating the sampling process by an adaptive algorithm to obtain the maximum consistent point set, the matching pairs in the maximum consistent point set being the correct matching pairs. 12. The method of claim 2, wherein at S3, the relationship between the eigenmatrix and the basic matrix is E=KTFK, where E is the eigenmatrix, F is the basic matrix, and K is the internal parameter matrix obtained through camera calibration. 13. A cleaning robot, comprising:
a cleaning module configured to perform cleaning actions; a sensor module configured to inspect whether the cleaning robot encounters an obstacle or works abnormally; a panoramic camera on the top of the cleaning robot and inclining to a forward direction of the cleaning robot, the panoramic camera being configured to simultaneously capture ceiling images and surrounding environment images in the forward direction; and a control module configured to:
calculate Euler angles based on the ceiling images and generate map data based on the surrounding environment images; and
control the cleaning actions of the cleaning module based on information related to the inspection of the sensor module. 14. The cleaning robot of claim 13, wherein the control module is further configured to:
obtain the Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on the ceiling images captured at the current point and the reference point; determine whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value; and save map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value, wherein the current point is the current position of the cleaning robot, and the reference point is the position where the cleaning robot saves the map data. 15. The cleaning robot of claim 14, wherein to obtain the Euler angles, the control module is further configured to:
obtain the ceiling images by the panoramic camera at the reference point and the current point; calculate a basic matrix of the panoramic camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm; obtain an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix; obtain a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and calculate the Euler angles of the panoramic camera at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 16. The cleaning robot of claim 13, further comprising:
a communication module configured to receive external commands and send the map information and/or working status information of the cleaning robot to a user terminal; a drive module comprising left and right driving wheels and universal wheels, the left and right driving wheels driving the cleaning robot to move on a working surface under a command of the control module; and a power module comprising a rechargeable battery. 17. A cleaning robot, comprising:
a cleaning module configured to perform cleaning actions; a sensor module configured to inspect whether the cleaning robot encounters an obstacle or works abnormally; a camera configured to capture ceiling images; a laser lidar configured to capture surrounding environment images; and a control module configured to:
calculate Euler angles based on the ceiling images and generate map data based on the surrounding environment images; and
control the cleaning actions of the cleaning module based on information related to the inspection of the sensor module. 18. The cleaning robot of claim 17, wherein the control module is further configured to:
obtain the Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on the ceiling images captured at the current point and the reference point; determine whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value; and save map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value, wherein the current point is the current position of the cleaning robot, and the reference point is the position where the cleaning robot saves the map data. 19. The cleaning robot of claim 18, wherein to obtain the Euler angles, the control module is further configured to:
obtain the ceiling images by the camera at the reference point and the current point; calculate a basic matrix of the camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm; obtain an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix; obtain a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and calculate the Euler angles of the camera at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 20. The cleaning robot of claim 17, further comprising:
a communication module configured to receive external commands and send the map information and/or working status information of the cleaning robot to a user terminal; a drive module comprising left and right driving wheels and universal wheels, the left and right driving wheels driving the cleaning robot to move on a working surface wider a command of the control module; and a power module comprising a rechargeable battery. | The present disclosure discloses a map creation method of a mobile robot, the mobile robot working indoors, comprising the following steps: S1: obtaining Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point according to a ceiling image taken from the current point and the reference point; S2: determining whether the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a set value, if so, saving the map data of the current point, otherwise, not saving the map data of the current point; S3: returning to step S1 after the mobile robot moves a predetermined distance or for a predetermined time; S4: repeating steps S1 through S3 until the map creation in the working area is complete. Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present disclosure effectively determines whether the mobile robot deflects on the working surface and deletes the map data with errors when the mobile robot deflects, thus improving the map creation accuracy of the mobile robot. The present disclosure also discloses a mobile robot using the above method.1. A method for creating a map in a working area for a mobile robot, the method comprising:
S1: obtaining Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on images obtained at the current point and the reference point; S2: determining whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value, and saving map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value; S3: returning to step S1 after the mobile robot moves a predetermined distance or for a predetermined time; and S4: repeating steps S1 through S3 until the map creation in the working area is complete, wherein the current point is the current position of the mobile robot, and the reference point is the position where the mobile robot saves the map data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein S1 further comprises:
S11: obtaining the images by a camera on the mobile robot at the reference point and the current point;
S12: calculating a basic matrix of the camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm;
S13: obtaining an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix;
S14: obtaining a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and
S15: calculating the Euler angles of the mobile robot at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset value of the angle range is 5° to 10°. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference point at which the mobile robot starts to create the map is the position at which the mobile robot starts to work or the position of a charging base. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the images comprise ceiling images. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the mobile robot comprises:
a panoramic camera configured to capture the ceiling images and surrowiding environment images; and a control module configured to calculate the Euler angles and convert the surrounding environment images into the map data. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the mobile robot comprises:
a camera configured to capture the ceiling images; a laser radar configured to capture surrounding environment images; and a control module configured to calculate the Euler angles and convert the surrounding environment images into the map data. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising disregarding the map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is not lower than the preset value. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein at S2, whether the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value is determined based on point matching and calculation of a basic matrix by RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein S2 further comprises:
automatically extracting feature point sets of the images and establishing an initial matching pair set;
removing false matching by the RANSAC algorithm; and
re-estimating the basic matrix by a maximum consistent point set. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein removing the false matching comprises:
calculating the basic matrix determined by the current sampling and its consistent point set; if the current consistent point set is larger than an original consistent point set, maintaining the current consistent point set and the corresponding basic matrix, and deleting the original consistent point set and the corresponding basic matrix; and terminating the sampling process by an adaptive algorithm to obtain the maximum consistent point set, the matching pairs in the maximum consistent point set being the correct matching pairs. 12. The method of claim 2, wherein at S3, the relationship between the eigenmatrix and the basic matrix is E=KTFK, where E is the eigenmatrix, F is the basic matrix, and K is the internal parameter matrix obtained through camera calibration. 13. A cleaning robot, comprising:
a cleaning module configured to perform cleaning actions; a sensor module configured to inspect whether the cleaning robot encounters an obstacle or works abnormally; a panoramic camera on the top of the cleaning robot and inclining to a forward direction of the cleaning robot, the panoramic camera being configured to simultaneously capture ceiling images and surrounding environment images in the forward direction; and a control module configured to:
calculate Euler angles based on the ceiling images and generate map data based on the surrounding environment images; and
control the cleaning actions of the cleaning module based on information related to the inspection of the sensor module. 14. The cleaning robot of claim 13, wherein the control module is further configured to:
obtain the Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on the ceiling images captured at the current point and the reference point; determine whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value; and save map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value, wherein the current point is the current position of the cleaning robot, and the reference point is the position where the cleaning robot saves the map data. 15. The cleaning robot of claim 14, wherein to obtain the Euler angles, the control module is further configured to:
obtain the ceiling images by the panoramic camera at the reference point and the current point; calculate a basic matrix of the panoramic camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm; obtain an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix; obtain a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and calculate the Euler angles of the panoramic camera at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 16. The cleaning robot of claim 13, further comprising:
a communication module configured to receive external commands and send the map information and/or working status information of the cleaning robot to a user terminal; a drive module comprising left and right driving wheels and universal wheels, the left and right driving wheels driving the cleaning robot to move on a working surface under a command of the control module; and a power module comprising a rechargeable battery. 17. A cleaning robot, comprising:
a cleaning module configured to perform cleaning actions; a sensor module configured to inspect whether the cleaning robot encounters an obstacle or works abnormally; a camera configured to capture ceiling images; a laser lidar configured to capture surrounding environment images; and a control module configured to:
calculate Euler angles based on the ceiling images and generate map data based on the surrounding environment images; and
control the cleaning actions of the cleaning module based on information related to the inspection of the sensor module. 18. The cleaning robot of claim 17, wherein the control module is further configured to:
obtain the Euler angles of a current point relative to a reference point based on the ceiling images captured at the current point and the reference point; determine whether a roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than a preset value; and save map data of the current point if the roll angle of the Euler angles is lower than the preset value, wherein the current point is the current position of the cleaning robot, and the reference point is the position where the cleaning robot saves the map data. 19. The cleaning robot of claim 18, wherein to obtain the Euler angles, the control module is further configured to:
obtain the ceiling images by the camera at the reference point and the current point; calculate a basic matrix of the camera at the reference point and the current point based on an image matching algorithm; obtain an eigenmatrix based on the basic matrix and a camera internal parameter matrix; obtain a rotation matrix based on singular value decomposition of the eigenmatrix; and calculate the Euler angles of the camera at the current point relative to the reference point based on the rotation matrix. 20. The cleaning robot of claim 17, further comprising:
a communication module configured to receive external commands and send the map information and/or working status information of the cleaning robot to a user terminal; a drive module comprising left and right driving wheels and universal wheels, the left and right driving wheels driving the cleaning robot to move on a working surface wider a command of the control module; and a power module comprising a rechargeable battery. | 3,700 |
347,090 | 16,805,485 | 3,772 | The present invention relates to a device and system for fixation of intra-articular and extra-articular fractures and non-unions of small bones and other small bone fragments, and more particularly to a threaded nail with a robust length and a trailing end with a cutting tip and longitudinal cutting flutes and a stepped diameter with cutting flutes at the transition point, and an optional cannulation along the central longitudinal axis of the nail. | 1. An intramedullary implant comprising:
a shaft having a headless terminal leading end with a torque driving recess which is spaced apart along a longitudinal axis from a trailing end including a cutting surface, and a first threaded section extending from the proximal terminal end to an intermediate transition and having an inner diameter and an outer diameter and either the inner diameter or the outer diameter being a first constant value from the proximal end to the intermediate transition, and a second threaded section extending between the intermediate transition and the distal end and having an inner diameter and an outer diameter and either the inner diameter or the outer diameter being a second constant value from the proximal end to the intermediate transition, wherein the first constant value is larger than the second constant value. 2. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread of the first threaded section has the same pitch as the thread of the second threaded section. 3. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 2 wherein the thread of the first threaded section is contiguous with the thread of the second threaded section. 4. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 3 wherein the thread of the first section and the second section is a buttress thread. 5. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the intermediate transition occurs at from 25% to 75% of the distance along the longitudinal axis between the proximal terminal end and the distal end. 6. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 5 wherein the intermediate transition occurs at from 35% to 45% of the distance along the longitudinal axis between the proximal terminal end and the distal end. 7. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 5 wherein the intermediate transition includes at least one cutting flute. 8. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 7 wherein the intermediate transition includes a plurality of radially spaced cutting flutes. 9. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 8 wherein the intermediate section includes from 2 to 5 cutting flutes. 10. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the distal end includes at least one cutting flute. 11. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 10 wherein the distal end includes a plurality of radially spaced cutting flutes. 12. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 11 wherein the distal end includes from 2 to 5 cutting flutes. 13. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a cannula along the longitudinal axis. 14. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 13 wherein the cannula extends from the proximal end to the cutting end and entirely through the implant. 15. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread of the first threaded section has a differentiated pitch from the thread of the second threaded section. 16. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 15 wherein pitch of the thread of the second threaded section is a finer pitch than the pitch of the first threaded section. 17. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread is a double lead thread. 18. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 17 wherein the double lead thread comprises a first thread having first pitch value and a second thread having a second pitch value, and the first pitch value and the second pitch value are the same. 19. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 18 wherein the first thread has a first thread height and the second thread has a second thread height and the second thread height is from 30% to 75% of the value of the first thread height. 20. A method of fixation of a bone having an intramedullary canal about an axis and a head and which is a metacarpal or a metatarsal comprising the steps of
surgically exposing the bone; forming a hole in the bone extending along the axis to expose a canal having an internal surface of cortical bone; inserting a guide wire in the hole; placing an implant having a cannulation over the guide wire and screwing it into the hole in the bone, the implant further including a first end with a first external diameter and a second end with a second external diameter and a transition between the proximal end and the distal end including at least one cutting flute, and the distal end also including at least one cutting flute and the proximal end including a torque driving feature, and the implant having a thread which on the proximal section and on the distal section having a pitch of from 0.1 to 0.2 whereby the thread of the implant fixes the implant to the internal circumference of the bone. 21. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 20 wherein the bone is a metacarpal and the implant extends through the isthmus of the metacarpal. 22. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 20 wherein the first portion has a constant first minor diameter along a first length and the second portion has a constant second minor diameter along a second length. 23. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 21 wherein the first length is more than 40% of the second length. 24. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 22 wherein the first length is more than 50% of the second length. | The present invention relates to a device and system for fixation of intra-articular and extra-articular fractures and non-unions of small bones and other small bone fragments, and more particularly to a threaded nail with a robust length and a trailing end with a cutting tip and longitudinal cutting flutes and a stepped diameter with cutting flutes at the transition point, and an optional cannulation along the central longitudinal axis of the nail.1. An intramedullary implant comprising:
a shaft having a headless terminal leading end with a torque driving recess which is spaced apart along a longitudinal axis from a trailing end including a cutting surface, and a first threaded section extending from the proximal terminal end to an intermediate transition and having an inner diameter and an outer diameter and either the inner diameter or the outer diameter being a first constant value from the proximal end to the intermediate transition, and a second threaded section extending between the intermediate transition and the distal end and having an inner diameter and an outer diameter and either the inner diameter or the outer diameter being a second constant value from the proximal end to the intermediate transition, wherein the first constant value is larger than the second constant value. 2. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread of the first threaded section has the same pitch as the thread of the second threaded section. 3. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 2 wherein the thread of the first threaded section is contiguous with the thread of the second threaded section. 4. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 3 wherein the thread of the first section and the second section is a buttress thread. 5. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the intermediate transition occurs at from 25% to 75% of the distance along the longitudinal axis between the proximal terminal end and the distal end. 6. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 5 wherein the intermediate transition occurs at from 35% to 45% of the distance along the longitudinal axis between the proximal terminal end and the distal end. 7. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 5 wherein the intermediate transition includes at least one cutting flute. 8. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 7 wherein the intermediate transition includes a plurality of radially spaced cutting flutes. 9. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 8 wherein the intermediate section includes from 2 to 5 cutting flutes. 10. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the distal end includes at least one cutting flute. 11. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 10 wherein the distal end includes a plurality of radially spaced cutting flutes. 12. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 11 wherein the distal end includes from 2 to 5 cutting flutes. 13. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a cannula along the longitudinal axis. 14. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 13 wherein the cannula extends from the proximal end to the cutting end and entirely through the implant. 15. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread of the first threaded section has a differentiated pitch from the thread of the second threaded section. 16. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 15 wherein pitch of the thread of the second threaded section is a finer pitch than the pitch of the first threaded section. 17. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread is a double lead thread. 18. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 17 wherein the double lead thread comprises a first thread having first pitch value and a second thread having a second pitch value, and the first pitch value and the second pitch value are the same. 19. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 18 wherein the first thread has a first thread height and the second thread has a second thread height and the second thread height is from 30% to 75% of the value of the first thread height. 20. A method of fixation of a bone having an intramedullary canal about an axis and a head and which is a metacarpal or a metatarsal comprising the steps of
surgically exposing the bone; forming a hole in the bone extending along the axis to expose a canal having an internal surface of cortical bone; inserting a guide wire in the hole; placing an implant having a cannulation over the guide wire and screwing it into the hole in the bone, the implant further including a first end with a first external diameter and a second end with a second external diameter and a transition between the proximal end and the distal end including at least one cutting flute, and the distal end also including at least one cutting flute and the proximal end including a torque driving feature, and the implant having a thread which on the proximal section and on the distal section having a pitch of from 0.1 to 0.2 whereby the thread of the implant fixes the implant to the internal circumference of the bone. 21. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 20 wherein the bone is a metacarpal and the implant extends through the isthmus of the metacarpal. 22. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 20 wherein the first portion has a constant first minor diameter along a first length and the second portion has a constant second minor diameter along a second length. 23. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 21 wherein the first length is more than 40% of the second length. 24. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 22 wherein the first length is more than 50% of the second length. | 3,700 |
347,091 | 16,805,593 | 3,772 | The present invention relates to a device and system for fixation of intra-articular and extra-articular fractures and non-unions of small bones and other small bone fragments, and more particularly to a threaded nail with a robust length and a trailing end with a cutting tip and longitudinal cutting flutes and a stepped diameter with cutting flutes at the transition point, and an optional cannulation along the central longitudinal axis of the nail. | 1. An intramedullary implant comprising:
a shaft having a headless terminal leading end with a torque driving recess which is spaced apart along a longitudinal axis from a trailing end including a cutting surface, and a first threaded section extending from the proximal terminal end to an intermediate transition and having an inner diameter and an outer diameter and either the inner diameter or the outer diameter being a first constant value from the proximal end to the intermediate transition, and a second threaded section extending between the intermediate transition and the distal end and having an inner diameter and an outer diameter and either the inner diameter or the outer diameter being a second constant value from the proximal end to the intermediate transition, wherein the first constant value is larger than the second constant value. 2. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread of the first threaded section has the same pitch as the thread of the second threaded section. 3. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 2 wherein the thread of the first threaded section is contiguous with the thread of the second threaded section. 4. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 3 wherein the thread of the first section and the second section is a buttress thread. 5. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the intermediate transition occurs at from 25% to 75% of the distance along the longitudinal axis between the proximal terminal end and the distal end. 6. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 5 wherein the intermediate transition occurs at from 35% to 45% of the distance along the longitudinal axis between the proximal terminal end and the distal end. 7. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 5 wherein the intermediate transition includes at least one cutting flute. 8. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 7 wherein the intermediate transition includes a plurality of radially spaced cutting flutes. 9. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 8 wherein the intermediate section includes from 2 to 5 cutting flutes. 10. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the distal end includes at least one cutting flute. 11. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 10 wherein the distal end includes a plurality of radially spaced cutting flutes. 12. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 11 wherein the distal end includes from 2 to 5 cutting flutes. 13. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a cannula along the longitudinal axis. 14. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 13 wherein the cannula extends from the proximal end to the cutting end and entirely through the implant. 15. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread of the first threaded section has a differentiated pitch from the thread of the second threaded section. 16. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 15 wherein pitch of the thread of the second threaded section is a finer pitch than the pitch of the first threaded section. 17. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread is a double lead thread. 18. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 17 wherein the double lead thread comprises a first thread having first pitch value and a second thread having a second pitch value, and the first pitch value and the second pitch value are the same. 19. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 18 wherein the first thread has a first thread height and the second thread has a second thread height and the second thread height is from 30% to 75% of the value of the first thread height. 20. A method of fixation of a bone having an intramedullary canal about an axis and a head and which is a metacarpal or a metatarsal comprising the steps of
surgically exposing the bone; forming a hole in the bone extending along the axis to expose a canal having an internal surface of cortical bone; inserting a guide wire in the hole; placing an implant having a cannulation over the guide wire and screwing it into the hole in the bone, the implant further including a first end with a first external diameter and a second end with a second external diameter and a transition between the proximal end and the distal end including at least one cutting flute, and the distal end also including at least one cutting flute and the proximal end including a torque driving feature, and the implant having a thread which on the proximal section and on the distal section having a pitch of from 0.1 to 0.2 whereby the thread of the implant fixes the implant to the internal circumference of the bone. 21. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 20 wherein the bone is a metacarpal and the implant extends through the isthmus of the metacarpal. 22. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 20 wherein the first portion has a constant first minor diameter along a first length and the second portion has a constant second minor diameter along a second length. 23. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 21 wherein the first length is more than 40% of the second length. 24. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 22 wherein the first length is more than 50% of the second length. | The present invention relates to a device and system for fixation of intra-articular and extra-articular fractures and non-unions of small bones and other small bone fragments, and more particularly to a threaded nail with a robust length and a trailing end with a cutting tip and longitudinal cutting flutes and a stepped diameter with cutting flutes at the transition point, and an optional cannulation along the central longitudinal axis of the nail.1. An intramedullary implant comprising:
a shaft having a headless terminal leading end with a torque driving recess which is spaced apart along a longitudinal axis from a trailing end including a cutting surface, and a first threaded section extending from the proximal terminal end to an intermediate transition and having an inner diameter and an outer diameter and either the inner diameter or the outer diameter being a first constant value from the proximal end to the intermediate transition, and a second threaded section extending between the intermediate transition and the distal end and having an inner diameter and an outer diameter and either the inner diameter or the outer diameter being a second constant value from the proximal end to the intermediate transition, wherein the first constant value is larger than the second constant value. 2. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread of the first threaded section has the same pitch as the thread of the second threaded section. 3. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 2 wherein the thread of the first threaded section is contiguous with the thread of the second threaded section. 4. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 3 wherein the thread of the first section and the second section is a buttress thread. 5. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the intermediate transition occurs at from 25% to 75% of the distance along the longitudinal axis between the proximal terminal end and the distal end. 6. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 5 wherein the intermediate transition occurs at from 35% to 45% of the distance along the longitudinal axis between the proximal terminal end and the distal end. 7. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 5 wherein the intermediate transition includes at least one cutting flute. 8. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 7 wherein the intermediate transition includes a plurality of radially spaced cutting flutes. 9. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 8 wherein the intermediate section includes from 2 to 5 cutting flutes. 10. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the distal end includes at least one cutting flute. 11. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 10 wherein the distal end includes a plurality of radially spaced cutting flutes. 12. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 11 wherein the distal end includes from 2 to 5 cutting flutes. 13. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a cannula along the longitudinal axis. 14. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 13 wherein the cannula extends from the proximal end to the cutting end and entirely through the implant. 15. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread of the first threaded section has a differentiated pitch from the thread of the second threaded section. 16. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 15 wherein pitch of the thread of the second threaded section is a finer pitch than the pitch of the first threaded section. 17. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 1 wherein the thread is a double lead thread. 18. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 17 wherein the double lead thread comprises a first thread having first pitch value and a second thread having a second pitch value, and the first pitch value and the second pitch value are the same. 19. The intramedullary implant as set forth in claim 18 wherein the first thread has a first thread height and the second thread has a second thread height and the second thread height is from 30% to 75% of the value of the first thread height. 20. A method of fixation of a bone having an intramedullary canal about an axis and a head and which is a metacarpal or a metatarsal comprising the steps of
surgically exposing the bone; forming a hole in the bone extending along the axis to expose a canal having an internal surface of cortical bone; inserting a guide wire in the hole; placing an implant having a cannulation over the guide wire and screwing it into the hole in the bone, the implant further including a first end with a first external diameter and a second end with a second external diameter and a transition between the proximal end and the distal end including at least one cutting flute, and the distal end also including at least one cutting flute and the proximal end including a torque driving feature, and the implant having a thread which on the proximal section and on the distal section having a pitch of from 0.1 to 0.2 whereby the thread of the implant fixes the implant to the internal circumference of the bone. 21. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 20 wherein the bone is a metacarpal and the implant extends through the isthmus of the metacarpal. 22. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 20 wherein the first portion has a constant first minor diameter along a first length and the second portion has a constant second minor diameter along a second length. 23. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 21 wherein the first length is more than 40% of the second length. 24. A method of fixation as set forth in claim 22 wherein the first length is more than 50% of the second length. | 3,700 |
347,092 | 16,805,590 | 3,772 | A diagnostic apparatus for analysing a sample to diagnose disease, the apparatus comprising: a separating element for separating gas derived from the sample into component parts; a sensor arrangement coupled to the separating element such that a component part of the gas is directed towards the sensor arrangement, the sensor arrangement being configured to detect compounds which may be indicative of disease; and a processing element coupled to an output of the sensor arrangement, the processing element being configured to process a signal output by the sensor arrangement to provide a diagnosis. | 1. A method of diagnosing disease by analysing a gas obtained from a faeces or urine sample, the method comprising the steps of:
altering the pH of the faeces or urine sample; heating, using a sample heater, the pH adjusted faeces or urine sample to release gases from the sample; separating a gas evolved from the sample into component parts; directing a component part of the gas towards a sensor arrangement, the sensor arrangement being configured to detect a compound which may be indicative of disease, the sensor comprising:
a metal oxide element comprising a mixture of zinc oxide and tin oxide; and
a sensor heater configured to heat the metal oxide element;
wherein the sensor is configured to apply a voltage to the metal oxide element to produce current flow in the metal oxide element;
maintaining, using the sensor heater, a temperature of the metal oxide element during sensing at between 425° C. and 500° C.; and processing a signal indicative of the current flow by the sensor arrangement to produce an indication capable of providing a diagnosis. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of separating the gas comprises passing the gas through a separating element comprising a multi-capillary column. 3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of separating the gas comprises passing the gas through a separating element comprising a single-capillary column or a plurality of single-capillary columns. 4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensor arrangement comprises two or more sensors arranged in a serial configuration. 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensor arrangement comprises two or more sensors arranged in a parallel configuration. 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensor arrangement is configured to detect one or more volatile compounds present in the gas. 7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensor arrangement is configured to detect one or more volatile organic compounds present in the gas. 8. A method according to claim 6 wherein the sensor arrangement is configured to generate a signal indicative of the elution time of a volatile compound in the sample. 9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the step of processing the signal output by the sensor arrangement comprises comparing the signal generated by the sensor arrangement to a known profile from one or more previously-diagnosed samples. 10. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of processing the signal output by the sensor arrangement comprises processing the signal using an artificial neural network to provide the diagnosis. | A diagnostic apparatus for analysing a sample to diagnose disease, the apparatus comprising: a separating element for separating gas derived from the sample into component parts; a sensor arrangement coupled to the separating element such that a component part of the gas is directed towards the sensor arrangement, the sensor arrangement being configured to detect compounds which may be indicative of disease; and a processing element coupled to an output of the sensor arrangement, the processing element being configured to process a signal output by the sensor arrangement to provide a diagnosis.1. A method of diagnosing disease by analysing a gas obtained from a faeces or urine sample, the method comprising the steps of:
altering the pH of the faeces or urine sample; heating, using a sample heater, the pH adjusted faeces or urine sample to release gases from the sample; separating a gas evolved from the sample into component parts; directing a component part of the gas towards a sensor arrangement, the sensor arrangement being configured to detect a compound which may be indicative of disease, the sensor comprising:
a metal oxide element comprising a mixture of zinc oxide and tin oxide; and
a sensor heater configured to heat the metal oxide element;
wherein the sensor is configured to apply a voltage to the metal oxide element to produce current flow in the metal oxide element;
maintaining, using the sensor heater, a temperature of the metal oxide element during sensing at between 425° C. and 500° C.; and processing a signal indicative of the current flow by the sensor arrangement to produce an indication capable of providing a diagnosis. 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of separating the gas comprises passing the gas through a separating element comprising a multi-capillary column. 3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of separating the gas comprises passing the gas through a separating element comprising a single-capillary column or a plurality of single-capillary columns. 4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensor arrangement comprises two or more sensors arranged in a serial configuration. 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensor arrangement comprises two or more sensors arranged in a parallel configuration. 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensor arrangement is configured to detect one or more volatile compounds present in the gas. 7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the sensor arrangement is configured to detect one or more volatile organic compounds present in the gas. 8. A method according to claim 6 wherein the sensor arrangement is configured to generate a signal indicative of the elution time of a volatile compound in the sample. 9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the step of processing the signal output by the sensor arrangement comprises comparing the signal generated by the sensor arrangement to a known profile from one or more previously-diagnosed samples. 10. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of processing the signal output by the sensor arrangement comprises processing the signal using an artificial neural network to provide the diagnosis. | 3,700 |
347,093 | 16,805,580 | 3,772 | In one embodiment, a method includes transmitting multi-phase pulse power from power sourcing equipment to a powered device in a data center, wherein the multi-phase pulse power comprises multiple phases of power delivered in a sequence of pulses defined by alternating low direct current voltage states and high direct current voltage states, and synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device. | 1. A method comprising:
transmitting multi-phase pulse power from power sourcing equipment to a powered device in a data center, wherein the multi-phase pulse power comprises multiple phases of power delivered in a sequence of pulses defined by alternating low direct current voltage states and high direct current voltage states; and synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the power sourcing equipment transmits said multi-phase pulse power to a plurality of powered devices and wherein the powered devices are installed in one or more racks in the data center. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power is transmitted over a distance of less than fifty meters between the power sourcing equipment and the powered device. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein said synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device comprises transmitting a synchronization signal out of band from said multi-phase pulse power. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein said out of band synchronization signal comprises an analog waveform corresponding to a desired state of an isolation switch at the powered device. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power is transmitted on at least two wire pairs in a cable and synchronization information is transmitted on another wire in the cable. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power is transmitted on at least two conductor pairs in a printed circuit board and synchronization information is transmitted on another conductor in the printed circuit board. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein synchronizing the pulses comprising synchronizing a power sourcing equipment modulator switch with a powered device demodulator switch for each of said multiple phases of power. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising controlling timing of the modulator switches and demodulator switches such that the each of the high direct current voltage states is turned on at the power sourcing equipment before a corresponding one of the high direct current voltage states is turned on at the powered device. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power comprises three phases operating at 67% duty cycle. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein each of said phases carries one-half of a powered device load current. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power comprises four phases with each of said phases carrying one-third of a powered device load current. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein one of said four phases is lost and each of the remaining phases adjusts to carry one-half of said powered device load current. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power comprises three-phase pulse power transmitted from the power sourcing equipment to the powered device and wherein said three-phase pulse power is converted to two-phase pulse power at the powered device for powering a plurality of loads at the powered device. 15. A method comprising:
receiving multi-phase pulse power at a powered device installed in a rack in a data center environment, wherein the multi-phase pulse power comprises multiple phases of power delivered in a sequence of pulses defined by alternating low direct current voltage states and high direct current voltage states; and transmitting said multi-phase pulse power to a plurality of loads at the powered device. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein said multi-phase pulse power received at the powered device and said multi-phase pulse power transmitted to said plurality of loads each comprises a different number of phases. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein transmitting said multi-phase pulse power to said plurality of loads comprises distributing said multi-phase pulse power across a line card using bonded bus bar structures. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein said bonded bus bar structures are operable to distribute over 100 watts of power. 19. The method of claim 15 wherein transmitting said multi-phase pulse power to said plurality of loads comprises transmitting said multi-phase pulse power over a distance of less than five meters. 20. The method of claim 15 wherein each of said plurality of loads receives power from a Point-of Load (PoL), wherein the PoL receives power from a multi-phase pulse power demodulator and a low voltage power source for initialization. 21. The method of claim 15 further comprising synchronizing said pulses over a conductor separate from conductors carrying said multi-phase pulse power. 22. The method of claim 15 further comprising performing a safety test on each of said phases of power with power sourcing equipment at the powered device at a rack level and performing a limited safety test on each of said phases of power between components at the powered device. 23. A power distribution system comprising:
power sourcing equipment for transmitting multi-phase pulse power, wherein the multi-phase pulse power comprises multiple phases of power delivered in a sequence of pulses defined by alternating low direct current voltage states and high direct current voltage states; a powered device for receiving said multi-phase pulse power; and a cable for transmitting said multi-phase pulse power from the power sourcing equipment to the powered device over a distance less than fifty meters. 24. The power distribution system of claim 23 wherein the cable comprises at least two wire pairs for transmitting at least two of said phases and at least one wire for transmitting a control signal comprising pulse synchronization information for synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device. 25. The power distribution system of claim 23 further comprising an access point operable to receive said multi-phase pulse power from the power sourcing equipment and power an array of access points. 26. The power distribution system of claim 25 wherein the access point is operable to transmit one of said multi-phase power and Power over Ethernet (PoE) to each access point in said access point array. 27. The power distribution system of claim 25 wherein the access point comprises at least one offload engine for offloading processing for one or more applications. 28. A method comprising:
transmitting pulse power from power sourcing equipment to a powered device in a data center, wherein the pulse power is delivered in a sequence of pulses defined by alternating low direct current voltage states and high direct current voltage states; and synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device; wherein said synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device comprises transmitting a synchronization signal out of band from the pulse power. 29. The method of claim 28 wherein the out of band synchronization signal comprises an analog waveform corresponding to a desired state of an isolation switch at the powered device. 30. The method of claim 28 wherein the pulse power is transmitted on at least two wire pairs in a cable and synchronization information is transmitted on another wire in the cable. 31. The method of claim 28 wherein the pulse power is transmitted on at least two Printed Circuit Board (PCB) traces on a PCB and synchronization information is transmitted on another trace on one of the PCB, another PCB, or an auxiliary cable. | In one embodiment, a method includes transmitting multi-phase pulse power from power sourcing equipment to a powered device in a data center, wherein the multi-phase pulse power comprises multiple phases of power delivered in a sequence of pulses defined by alternating low direct current voltage states and high direct current voltage states, and synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device.1. A method comprising:
transmitting multi-phase pulse power from power sourcing equipment to a powered device in a data center, wherein the multi-phase pulse power comprises multiple phases of power delivered in a sequence of pulses defined by alternating low direct current voltage states and high direct current voltage states; and synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the power sourcing equipment transmits said multi-phase pulse power to a plurality of powered devices and wherein the powered devices are installed in one or more racks in the data center. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power is transmitted over a distance of less than fifty meters between the power sourcing equipment and the powered device. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein said synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device comprises transmitting a synchronization signal out of band from said multi-phase pulse power. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein said out of band synchronization signal comprises an analog waveform corresponding to a desired state of an isolation switch at the powered device. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power is transmitted on at least two wire pairs in a cable and synchronization information is transmitted on another wire in the cable. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power is transmitted on at least two conductor pairs in a printed circuit board and synchronization information is transmitted on another conductor in the printed circuit board. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein synchronizing the pulses comprising synchronizing a power sourcing equipment modulator switch with a powered device demodulator switch for each of said multiple phases of power. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising controlling timing of the modulator switches and demodulator switches such that the each of the high direct current voltage states is turned on at the power sourcing equipment before a corresponding one of the high direct current voltage states is turned on at the powered device. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power comprises three phases operating at 67% duty cycle. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein each of said phases carries one-half of a powered device load current. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power comprises four phases with each of said phases carrying one-third of a powered device load current. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein one of said four phases is lost and each of the remaining phases adjusts to carry one-half of said powered device load current. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein said multi-phase pulse power comprises three-phase pulse power transmitted from the power sourcing equipment to the powered device and wherein said three-phase pulse power is converted to two-phase pulse power at the powered device for powering a plurality of loads at the powered device. 15. A method comprising:
receiving multi-phase pulse power at a powered device installed in a rack in a data center environment, wherein the multi-phase pulse power comprises multiple phases of power delivered in a sequence of pulses defined by alternating low direct current voltage states and high direct current voltage states; and transmitting said multi-phase pulse power to a plurality of loads at the powered device. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein said multi-phase pulse power received at the powered device and said multi-phase pulse power transmitted to said plurality of loads each comprises a different number of phases. 17. The method of claim 15 wherein transmitting said multi-phase pulse power to said plurality of loads comprises distributing said multi-phase pulse power across a line card using bonded bus bar structures. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein said bonded bus bar structures are operable to distribute over 100 watts of power. 19. The method of claim 15 wherein transmitting said multi-phase pulse power to said plurality of loads comprises transmitting said multi-phase pulse power over a distance of less than five meters. 20. The method of claim 15 wherein each of said plurality of loads receives power from a Point-of Load (PoL), wherein the PoL receives power from a multi-phase pulse power demodulator and a low voltage power source for initialization. 21. The method of claim 15 further comprising synchronizing said pulses over a conductor separate from conductors carrying said multi-phase pulse power. 22. The method of claim 15 further comprising performing a safety test on each of said phases of power with power sourcing equipment at the powered device at a rack level and performing a limited safety test on each of said phases of power between components at the powered device. 23. A power distribution system comprising:
power sourcing equipment for transmitting multi-phase pulse power, wherein the multi-phase pulse power comprises multiple phases of power delivered in a sequence of pulses defined by alternating low direct current voltage states and high direct current voltage states; a powered device for receiving said multi-phase pulse power; and a cable for transmitting said multi-phase pulse power from the power sourcing equipment to the powered device over a distance less than fifty meters. 24. The power distribution system of claim 23 wherein the cable comprises at least two wire pairs for transmitting at least two of said phases and at least one wire for transmitting a control signal comprising pulse synchronization information for synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device. 25. The power distribution system of claim 23 further comprising an access point operable to receive said multi-phase pulse power from the power sourcing equipment and power an array of access points. 26. The power distribution system of claim 25 wherein the access point is operable to transmit one of said multi-phase power and Power over Ethernet (PoE) to each access point in said access point array. 27. The power distribution system of claim 25 wherein the access point comprises at least one offload engine for offloading processing for one or more applications. 28. A method comprising:
transmitting pulse power from power sourcing equipment to a powered device in a data center, wherein the pulse power is delivered in a sequence of pulses defined by alternating low direct current voltage states and high direct current voltage states; and synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device; wherein said synchronizing the pulses at the power sourcing equipment with the pulses at the powered device comprises transmitting a synchronization signal out of band from the pulse power. 29. The method of claim 28 wherein the out of band synchronization signal comprises an analog waveform corresponding to a desired state of an isolation switch at the powered device. 30. The method of claim 28 wherein the pulse power is transmitted on at least two wire pairs in a cable and synchronization information is transmitted on another wire in the cable. 31. The method of claim 28 wherein the pulse power is transmitted on at least two Printed Circuit Board (PCB) traces on a PCB and synchronization information is transmitted on another trace on one of the PCB, another PCB, or an auxiliary cable. | 3,700 |
347,094 | 16,805,565 | 3,772 | The present disclosure is directed to multifunctional conductive wire and methods of making multifunctional conductive wire. According to some aspects, the multifunctional conductive wire disclosed herein can function as a current carrier and as a battery, either for providing or storing power. The multifunctional conductive wires disclosed herein can eliminate the need for heavy metal conductors in various devices while improving power efficiency. | 1. A multifunctional conductive wire comprising:
an elongated hollow body comprising a conductive material; a first electrode positioned in the hollow body comprising a first carbon nanotube composite yarn comprising carbon nanotubes and a first secondary material; and a second electrode positioned in the hollow body comprising a second carbon nanotube composite yarn comprising carbon nanotubes and a second secondary material. 2. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, further comprising an electrolyte surrounding the first and second electrodes. 3. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 2, further comprising a flexible insulator layer surrounding the electrolyte, wherein the conductive material comprises a flexible conducting layer at least partially surrounding the flexible insulator layer. 4. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 3, further comprising an outer flexible insulator layer surrounding the flexible conducting layer. 5. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more conductive battery tabs attached to the first electrode and/or the second electrode, and one or more respective battery tab attachments attached to the one or more conductive battery tabs. 6. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1,
wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is surrounded by a separator membrane, and wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are wrapped around each other in a twisted configuration. 7. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, further comprising a distinct separator membrane between the first electrode and the second electrode. 8. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 3, wherein the flexible conducting layer has a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 10 millimeters. 9. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, wherein the multifunctional conductive wire has a square outer shape or a rectangular outer shape. 10. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 3, wherein the flexible conducting layer comprises copper. 11. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 2, wherein the electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl-methyl carbonates, or a combination thereof. 12. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, wherein:
at least a portion of the first secondary material is provided as particles; at least a portion of the second secondary material is provided as particles; and the first secondary material is different from the second secondary material. 13. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode. 14. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 13, wherein:
the first secondary material comprises graphite flakes, and the second secondary material comprises Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2, (LiNixMnyCozO2, x+y+z=1), or a combination thereof. 15. A method of making a multifunctional conductive wire, the method comprising:
providing a first electrode comprising a first carbon nanotube composite yarn comprising carbon nanotubes and a first secondary material; and providing a second electrode comprising a second carbon nanotube composite yarn comprising carbon nanotubes and a second secondary material. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
surrounding the first and second electrodes with an electrolyte; surrounding the electrolyte with a flexible insulator layer; and at least partially surrounding the flexible insulator layer with a flexible conducting layer. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising surrounding the flexible conducting layer with an outer flexible insulator layer. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
attaching one or more conductive battery tabs to the first electrode and/or the second electrode; and attaching one or more respective battery tab attachments to one or more of the conductive battery tabs. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
surrounding at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode by a separator membrane; and wrapping the first electrode and the second electrode are around each other in a twisted configuration. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein providing the first electrode comprises:
growing floating carbon nanotubes in a reactor; removing the floating carbon nanotubes from the reactor to provide a mat of carbon nanotubes; depositing secondary particles comprising the first secondary material on at least a portion of the mat of carbon nanotubes to provide a carbon nanotube composite mat; and densifying the carbon nanotube composite mat to provide the first carbon nanotube composite yarn. | The present disclosure is directed to multifunctional conductive wire and methods of making multifunctional conductive wire. According to some aspects, the multifunctional conductive wire disclosed herein can function as a current carrier and as a battery, either for providing or storing power. The multifunctional conductive wires disclosed herein can eliminate the need for heavy metal conductors in various devices while improving power efficiency.1. A multifunctional conductive wire comprising:
an elongated hollow body comprising a conductive material; a first electrode positioned in the hollow body comprising a first carbon nanotube composite yarn comprising carbon nanotubes and a first secondary material; and a second electrode positioned in the hollow body comprising a second carbon nanotube composite yarn comprising carbon nanotubes and a second secondary material. 2. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, further comprising an electrolyte surrounding the first and second electrodes. 3. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 2, further comprising a flexible insulator layer surrounding the electrolyte, wherein the conductive material comprises a flexible conducting layer at least partially surrounding the flexible insulator layer. 4. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 3, further comprising an outer flexible insulator layer surrounding the flexible conducting layer. 5. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more conductive battery tabs attached to the first electrode and/or the second electrode, and one or more respective battery tab attachments attached to the one or more conductive battery tabs. 6. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1,
wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is surrounded by a separator membrane, and wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are wrapped around each other in a twisted configuration. 7. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, further comprising a distinct separator membrane between the first electrode and the second electrode. 8. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 3, wherein the flexible conducting layer has a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 10 millimeters. 9. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, wherein the multifunctional conductive wire has a square outer shape or a rectangular outer shape. 10. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 3, wherein the flexible conducting layer comprises copper. 11. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 2, wherein the electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl-methyl carbonates, or a combination thereof. 12. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, wherein:
at least a portion of the first secondary material is provided as particles; at least a portion of the second secondary material is provided as particles; and the first secondary material is different from the second secondary material. 13. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode. 14. The multifunctional conductive wire of claim 13, wherein:
the first secondary material comprises graphite flakes, and the second secondary material comprises Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2, (LiNixMnyCozO2, x+y+z=1), or a combination thereof. 15. A method of making a multifunctional conductive wire, the method comprising:
providing a first electrode comprising a first carbon nanotube composite yarn comprising carbon nanotubes and a first secondary material; and providing a second electrode comprising a second carbon nanotube composite yarn comprising carbon nanotubes and a second secondary material. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
surrounding the first and second electrodes with an electrolyte; surrounding the electrolyte with a flexible insulator layer; and at least partially surrounding the flexible insulator layer with a flexible conducting layer. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising surrounding the flexible conducting layer with an outer flexible insulator layer. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
attaching one or more conductive battery tabs to the first electrode and/or the second electrode; and attaching one or more respective battery tab attachments to one or more of the conductive battery tabs. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
surrounding at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode by a separator membrane; and wrapping the first electrode and the second electrode are around each other in a twisted configuration. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein providing the first electrode comprises:
growing floating carbon nanotubes in a reactor; removing the floating carbon nanotubes from the reactor to provide a mat of carbon nanotubes; depositing secondary particles comprising the first secondary material on at least a portion of the mat of carbon nanotubes to provide a carbon nanotube composite mat; and densifying the carbon nanotube composite mat to provide the first carbon nanotube composite yarn. | 3,700 |
347,095 | 16,805,596 | 3,772 | The present disclosure is directed to managing and enforcing vehicle parking. A system may receive at least one parking message from a sensor. The parking message may indicate whether a vehicle is in the parking spot and then track a duration that the vehicle is in the parking spot based on the at least one parking message. Some embodiments involve initiating a timer in response to receiving a parking request, wherein a timer expiration is set according to a requested parking duration. In addition, a first alarm signal may be generated in response to the duration exceeding a predetermined threshold and in response to not receiving a parking request; and a second alarm signal may be generated in response to an indication that the vehicle is in the parking spot and in response to the timer expiring. | 1. A system, comprising:
a processor; a memory storing a plurality of instructions, which, when executed, cause the processor to:
establish communication with a first sensor configured to detect a presence of a vehicle at a location designated for parking;
receive at least one message from the first sensor, the at least one message indicating the presence of the vehicle;
initiate a first timer in response to receiving the at least one message;
receive signaling that comprises an identifier associated with the vehicle;
determine whether signaling that indicates a requested duration for parking the vehicle in the location designated for parking is received before the first timer expires;
outputting, in response to the first timer expiring before the signaling that indicates the requested duration is received, a first alarm signal;
initiate a second timer in response to receiving the signaling that indicates the requested duration, wherein a duration of the second timer is based at least in part on the requested duration for parking the vehicle;
generate a second alarm signal in response to the at least one message indicating the presence of the vehicle and in response to the second timer expiring. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a camera configured to capture an image of a license plate of the vehicle; wherein the identifier is derived from the image of the license plate. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of instructions, which, when executed, further cause the processor to establish communication with a mobile device of a user to receive the signaling that indicates the requested duration for parking the vehicle. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the plurality of instructions, which, when executed, further cause the processor to receive from the mobile device the signaling that comprises the identifier. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of instructions, which, when executed, further cause the processor to:
identify contact information associated with a user based on the identifier. transmit a notification prior to the first timer expiring, wherein the notification is transmitted according to the contact information at predetermined time prior to the first timer expiring. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the plurality of instructions, which, when executed, further cause the processor to:
register the user by obtaining a license plate number corresponding to the vehicle and the contact information associated with the user; store a cumulative parking fee balance associated with the user; and receive a parking fee payment to be applied towards the cumulative parking fee balance. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the first alarm signal is received by an alarm system to generate an audio or visual alarm. 8. A system, comprising:
a sensor; a parking meter in communication with the sensor, the parking meter comprising memory and a processor, the processor being configured to:
receive periodic messages from the sensor indicating whether a presence of a vehicle is detected;
determine a duration of the presence of the vehicle based on the periodic messages;
receive signaling that comprises an identifier associated with the vehicle;
initiate a timer in response to receiving signaling that indicates a requested duration for parking the vehicle, the signaling that indicates the requested duration for parking the vehicle comprising a requested parking duration, wherein a timer expiration is set according to the requested parking duration;
outputting a first electronic message in response to the duration exceeding a predetermined threshold and in response to not receiving the signaling that indicates the requested duration for parking the vehicle; and
outputting a second electronic message in response to the periodic messages indicating the presence of the vehicle and in response to the timer expiring. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the first electronic message and second electronic message are transmitted to a mobile device of a parking attendant. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to establish communication with a remote server. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to receive the identifier from the remote server. 12. The system of claim 10, the remote server is configured to:
identify contact information associated with a user based on the identifier. generate a notification prior to the timer expiring, wherein the notification is transmitted according to the contact information at a predetermined time prior to the timer expiring. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the server is configured to:
register the user by obtaining a license plate number corresponding to the vehicle and the contact information associated with the user; store a cumulative parking fee balance associated with the user; and receive a parking fee payment to be applied towards the cumulative parking fee balance. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to generate an alarm signal when generating the first electronic message, wherein the alarm signal is received by an alarm system to generate an audio or visual alarm. 15. A method comprising:
communicating with a sensor installed within or adjacent to a location designated for parking one or more vehicles; receiving at least one message from the sensor, the at least one message indicating whether a portion of a vehicle is within the location designated for parking; initiating a first timer in response to receiving the at least one message; receiving signaling that comprises an identifier associated with the vehicle; determining whether signaling that indicates a requested duration for parking the vehicle in the location designated for parking is received from the vehicle or another device associated with the vehicle before the first timer expires; initiating a second timer in response to receiving the signaling that indicates the requested duration, wherein a duration of the second timer is based at least in part on the requested duration for parking the vehicle; and outputting, in response to an indication that the portion of the vehicle is in the location designated for parking and in response to the second timer expiring, a first alarm signal that comprises the identifier associated with the vehicle; or outputting in response to the first timer expiring before the signaling indicating the requested duration is received, a second alarm signal. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a camera is configured to capture an image of a license plate of the vehicle; wherein the identifier is derived from the image of the license plate. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising receiving the identifier and the parking request from a mobile device. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying contact information associated with a user based on the identifier; and transmitting a notification prior to the first timer expiring, wherein the notification is transmitted according to the contact information at predetermined time prior to the first timer expiring. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising
registering a user by obtaining a license plate number corresponding to the vehicle and the contact information associated with the user; storing a cumulative parking fee balance associated with the user; and receiving a parking fee payment to be applied towards the cumulative parking fee balance. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first alarm signal is received by an alarm system to generate an audio or visual alarm. | The present disclosure is directed to managing and enforcing vehicle parking. A system may receive at least one parking message from a sensor. The parking message may indicate whether a vehicle is in the parking spot and then track a duration that the vehicle is in the parking spot based on the at least one parking message. Some embodiments involve initiating a timer in response to receiving a parking request, wherein a timer expiration is set according to a requested parking duration. In addition, a first alarm signal may be generated in response to the duration exceeding a predetermined threshold and in response to not receiving a parking request; and a second alarm signal may be generated in response to an indication that the vehicle is in the parking spot and in response to the timer expiring.1. A system, comprising:
a processor; a memory storing a plurality of instructions, which, when executed, cause the processor to:
establish communication with a first sensor configured to detect a presence of a vehicle at a location designated for parking;
receive at least one message from the first sensor, the at least one message indicating the presence of the vehicle;
initiate a first timer in response to receiving the at least one message;
receive signaling that comprises an identifier associated with the vehicle;
determine whether signaling that indicates a requested duration for parking the vehicle in the location designated for parking is received before the first timer expires;
outputting, in response to the first timer expiring before the signaling that indicates the requested duration is received, a first alarm signal;
initiate a second timer in response to receiving the signaling that indicates the requested duration, wherein a duration of the second timer is based at least in part on the requested duration for parking the vehicle;
generate a second alarm signal in response to the at least one message indicating the presence of the vehicle and in response to the second timer expiring. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a camera configured to capture an image of a license plate of the vehicle; wherein the identifier is derived from the image of the license plate. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of instructions, which, when executed, further cause the processor to establish communication with a mobile device of a user to receive the signaling that indicates the requested duration for parking the vehicle. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the plurality of instructions, which, when executed, further cause the processor to receive from the mobile device the signaling that comprises the identifier. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of instructions, which, when executed, further cause the processor to:
identify contact information associated with a user based on the identifier. transmit a notification prior to the first timer expiring, wherein the notification is transmitted according to the contact information at predetermined time prior to the first timer expiring. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the plurality of instructions, which, when executed, further cause the processor to:
register the user by obtaining a license plate number corresponding to the vehicle and the contact information associated with the user; store a cumulative parking fee balance associated with the user; and receive a parking fee payment to be applied towards the cumulative parking fee balance. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the first alarm signal is received by an alarm system to generate an audio or visual alarm. 8. A system, comprising:
a sensor; a parking meter in communication with the sensor, the parking meter comprising memory and a processor, the processor being configured to:
receive periodic messages from the sensor indicating whether a presence of a vehicle is detected;
determine a duration of the presence of the vehicle based on the periodic messages;
receive signaling that comprises an identifier associated with the vehicle;
initiate a timer in response to receiving signaling that indicates a requested duration for parking the vehicle, the signaling that indicates the requested duration for parking the vehicle comprising a requested parking duration, wherein a timer expiration is set according to the requested parking duration;
outputting a first electronic message in response to the duration exceeding a predetermined threshold and in response to not receiving the signaling that indicates the requested duration for parking the vehicle; and
outputting a second electronic message in response to the periodic messages indicating the presence of the vehicle and in response to the timer expiring. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the first electronic message and second electronic message are transmitted to a mobile device of a parking attendant. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to establish communication with a remote server. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to receive the identifier from the remote server. 12. The system of claim 10, the remote server is configured to:
identify contact information associated with a user based on the identifier. generate a notification prior to the timer expiring, wherein the notification is transmitted according to the contact information at a predetermined time prior to the timer expiring. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the server is configured to:
register the user by obtaining a license plate number corresponding to the vehicle and the contact information associated with the user; store a cumulative parking fee balance associated with the user; and receive a parking fee payment to be applied towards the cumulative parking fee balance. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to generate an alarm signal when generating the first electronic message, wherein the alarm signal is received by an alarm system to generate an audio or visual alarm. 15. A method comprising:
communicating with a sensor installed within or adjacent to a location designated for parking one or more vehicles; receiving at least one message from the sensor, the at least one message indicating whether a portion of a vehicle is within the location designated for parking; initiating a first timer in response to receiving the at least one message; receiving signaling that comprises an identifier associated with the vehicle; determining whether signaling that indicates a requested duration for parking the vehicle in the location designated for parking is received from the vehicle or another device associated with the vehicle before the first timer expires; initiating a second timer in response to receiving the signaling that indicates the requested duration, wherein a duration of the second timer is based at least in part on the requested duration for parking the vehicle; and outputting, in response to an indication that the portion of the vehicle is in the location designated for parking and in response to the second timer expiring, a first alarm signal that comprises the identifier associated with the vehicle; or outputting in response to the first timer expiring before the signaling indicating the requested duration is received, a second alarm signal. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a camera is configured to capture an image of a license plate of the vehicle; wherein the identifier is derived from the image of the license plate. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising receiving the identifier and the parking request from a mobile device. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying contact information associated with a user based on the identifier; and transmitting a notification prior to the first timer expiring, wherein the notification is transmitted according to the contact information at predetermined time prior to the first timer expiring. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising
registering a user by obtaining a license plate number corresponding to the vehicle and the contact information associated with the user; storing a cumulative parking fee balance associated with the user; and receiving a parking fee payment to be applied towards the cumulative parking fee balance. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the first alarm signal is received by an alarm system to generate an audio or visual alarm. | 3,700 |
347,096 | 16,805,595 | 3,772 | A method for enabling an labeling capability for training and validation data at an edge device to support neural network transfer learning capability is provided. The method includes: inputting candidate data into a first neural network to filter the candidate data by selecting a subset of candidate data based on an output of the first neural network, performing a confidence upgrade check on the subset of candidate data by: (1) performing a data consistency check by generating augmented data from each candidate data from among the subset of candidate data, (2) inputting the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment to determine a second confidence condition, and (3) performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, and automatically labeling, as training data, the subset of candidate data in accordance with a confidence level label. | 1. A method, comprising:
inputting candidate data into a first neural network to filter the candidate data by selecting a subset of the candidate data based on an output of the first neural network, wherein the first neural network is pretrained; performing a confidence upgrade check on the subset of candidate data by:
performing a data consistency check by generating augmented data from each candidate data from among the subset of candidate data, wherein the generated augmented data are used as inputs into the first neural network to determine a first confidence condition for each of the subset of candidate data,
inputting the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment to determine a second confidence condition, wherein the second neural network is a version of the first neural network overfitted to the environment, and
performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, wherein results from the clustering on the subset of candidate data are used as inputs into a third machine learning approach to determine a third confidence condition; and
automatically labeling, as training data, the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data in accordance with a confidence level label based on the first confidence condition, the second confidence condition, and the third confidence condition. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the candidate data corresponds to newly acquired data captured by sensors on a device, wherein the newly acquired data corresponds to visual or audio data specific to the environment. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first neural network is based on a simplified version of a base neural network model. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the data consistency check further comprises:
assigning a group identification to the augmented data, wherein the group identification indicates a source for the generated augmented data; comparing a candidate label with other candidate labels in an augmented data group with a same group identification; and increasing a weight of the first confidence condition based on a confidence of the candidate label when the candidate label is consistent with the other candidate labels in the augmented data group with the same group identification. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the augmented data are created by at least one of: shifting, scaling, translating, or rotating an image from the subset of candidate data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the clustering includes a known fixed number of clusters with known reference data points. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the clustering is based on comparing distance measurements for the subset of candidate data with known reference points and measuring similarities between the distance measurements in order to form clusters. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first confidence condition is based on results from the data consistency check, second confidence condition corresponds to a result from the output of the second neural network, and the third confidence condition corresponds to a result from the output of the third machine learning approach. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the automatically labeled subset of candidate data is differentiated into automatically-labeled training data and automatically-labeled validation data. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein automatically labeling the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data is performed while a device is charging at a dock station. 11. An edge device, the edge device comprising:
one or more processors; a non-transitory memory; and one or more programs stored in the non-transitory memory, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the edge device to be configured to perform: inputting candidate data into a first neural network to filter the candidate data by selecting a subset of the candidate data based on an output of the first neural network, wherein the first neural network is pretrained; performing a confidence upgrade check on the subset of candidate data by:
performing a data consistency check by generating augmented data from each candidate data from among the subset of candidate data, wherein the generated augmented data are used as inputs into the first neural network to determine a first confidence condition for each of the subset of candidate data,
inputting the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment to determine a second confidence condition, wherein the second neural network is a version of the first neural network overfitted to the environment, and
performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, wherein results from the clustering on the subset of candidate data are used as inputs into a third machine learning approach to determine a third confidence condition; and
automatically labeling, as training data, the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data in accordance with a confidence level label based on the first confidence condition, the second confidence condition, and the third confidence condition. 12. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the candidate data corresponds to newly acquired data captured by sensors on a device, wherein the newly acquired data corresponds to visual or audio data specific to the environment. 13. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the first neural network is based on a simplified version of a base neural network model. 14. The edge device of claim 11, wherein performing the data consistency check further comprises:
assigning a group identification to the augmented data, wherein the group identification indicates a source for the generated augmented data; comparing a candidate label with other candidate labels in an augmented data group with a same group identification; and increasing a weight of the first confidence condition based on a confidence of the candidate label when the candidate label is consistent with the other candidate labels in the augmented data group with the same group identification. 15. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the augmented data are created by at least one of: shifting, scaling, translating, or rotating an image from the subset of candidate data. 16. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the clustering includes a known fixed number of clusters with known reference points. 17. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the clustering is based on comparing distance measurements for the subset of candidate data with known reference points and measuring similarities between the distance measurements in order to form clusters. 18. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the first confidence condition is based on results from an inference result consistency check, second confidence condition corresponds to a weighted sum of an output from the second neural network, and the third confidence condition corresponds to a result from the output of the third machine learning approach. 19. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the automatically labeled subset of candidate data is differentiated into automatically-labeled training data and automatically-labeled validation data. 20. The edge device of claim 11, wherein automatically labeling the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data is performed while the edge device is charging at a dock station. 21. A machine-readable non-transitory medium having stored thereon machine-executable instructions for labeling training data for machine learning, the instructions comprising:
inputting candidate data into a first neural network to filter the candidate data by selecting a subset of the candidate data based on an output of the first neural network, wherein the first neural network is pretrained; performing a confidence upgrade check on the subset of candidate data by:
performing a data consistency check by generating augmented data from each candidate data from among the subset of candidate data, wherein the generated augmented data are used as inputs into the first neural network to determine a first confidence condition for each of the subset of candidate data,
inputting the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment to determine a second confidence condition, wherein the second neural network is a version of the first neural network overfitted to the environment, and
performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, wherein results from the clustering on the subset of candidate data are used as inputs into a third machine learning approach to determine a third confidence condition; and
automatically labeling, as training data, the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data in accordance with a confidence level label based on the first confidence condition, the second confidence condition, and the third confidence condition. | A method for enabling an labeling capability for training and validation data at an edge device to support neural network transfer learning capability is provided. The method includes: inputting candidate data into a first neural network to filter the candidate data by selecting a subset of candidate data based on an output of the first neural network, performing a confidence upgrade check on the subset of candidate data by: (1) performing a data consistency check by generating augmented data from each candidate data from among the subset of candidate data, (2) inputting the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment to determine a second confidence condition, and (3) performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, and automatically labeling, as training data, the subset of candidate data in accordance with a confidence level label.1. A method, comprising:
inputting candidate data into a first neural network to filter the candidate data by selecting a subset of the candidate data based on an output of the first neural network, wherein the first neural network is pretrained; performing a confidence upgrade check on the subset of candidate data by:
performing a data consistency check by generating augmented data from each candidate data from among the subset of candidate data, wherein the generated augmented data are used as inputs into the first neural network to determine a first confidence condition for each of the subset of candidate data,
inputting the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment to determine a second confidence condition, wherein the second neural network is a version of the first neural network overfitted to the environment, and
performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, wherein results from the clustering on the subset of candidate data are used as inputs into a third machine learning approach to determine a third confidence condition; and
automatically labeling, as training data, the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data in accordance with a confidence level label based on the first confidence condition, the second confidence condition, and the third confidence condition. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the candidate data corresponds to newly acquired data captured by sensors on a device, wherein the newly acquired data corresponds to visual or audio data specific to the environment. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first neural network is based on a simplified version of a base neural network model. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein performing the data consistency check further comprises:
assigning a group identification to the augmented data, wherein the group identification indicates a source for the generated augmented data; comparing a candidate label with other candidate labels in an augmented data group with a same group identification; and increasing a weight of the first confidence condition based on a confidence of the candidate label when the candidate label is consistent with the other candidate labels in the augmented data group with the same group identification. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the augmented data are created by at least one of: shifting, scaling, translating, or rotating an image from the subset of candidate data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the clustering includes a known fixed number of clusters with known reference data points. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the clustering is based on comparing distance measurements for the subset of candidate data with known reference points and measuring similarities between the distance measurements in order to form clusters. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first confidence condition is based on results from the data consistency check, second confidence condition corresponds to a result from the output of the second neural network, and the third confidence condition corresponds to a result from the output of the third machine learning approach. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the automatically labeled subset of candidate data is differentiated into automatically-labeled training data and automatically-labeled validation data. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein automatically labeling the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data is performed while a device is charging at a dock station. 11. An edge device, the edge device comprising:
one or more processors; a non-transitory memory; and one or more programs stored in the non-transitory memory, which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the edge device to be configured to perform: inputting candidate data into a first neural network to filter the candidate data by selecting a subset of the candidate data based on an output of the first neural network, wherein the first neural network is pretrained; performing a confidence upgrade check on the subset of candidate data by:
performing a data consistency check by generating augmented data from each candidate data from among the subset of candidate data, wherein the generated augmented data are used as inputs into the first neural network to determine a first confidence condition for each of the subset of candidate data,
inputting the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment to determine a second confidence condition, wherein the second neural network is a version of the first neural network overfitted to the environment, and
performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, wherein results from the clustering on the subset of candidate data are used as inputs into a third machine learning approach to determine a third confidence condition; and
automatically labeling, as training data, the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data in accordance with a confidence level label based on the first confidence condition, the second confidence condition, and the third confidence condition. 12. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the candidate data corresponds to newly acquired data captured by sensors on a device, wherein the newly acquired data corresponds to visual or audio data specific to the environment. 13. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the first neural network is based on a simplified version of a base neural network model. 14. The edge device of claim 11, wherein performing the data consistency check further comprises:
assigning a group identification to the augmented data, wherein the group identification indicates a source for the generated augmented data; comparing a candidate label with other candidate labels in an augmented data group with a same group identification; and increasing a weight of the first confidence condition based on a confidence of the candidate label when the candidate label is consistent with the other candidate labels in the augmented data group with the same group identification. 15. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the augmented data are created by at least one of: shifting, scaling, translating, or rotating an image from the subset of candidate data. 16. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the clustering includes a known fixed number of clusters with known reference points. 17. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the clustering is based on comparing distance measurements for the subset of candidate data with known reference points and measuring similarities between the distance measurements in order to form clusters. 18. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the first confidence condition is based on results from an inference result consistency check, second confidence condition corresponds to a weighted sum of an output from the second neural network, and the third confidence condition corresponds to a result from the output of the third machine learning approach. 19. The edge device of claim 11, wherein the automatically labeled subset of candidate data is differentiated into automatically-labeled training data and automatically-labeled validation data. 20. The edge device of claim 11, wherein automatically labeling the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data is performed while the edge device is charging at a dock station. 21. A machine-readable non-transitory medium having stored thereon machine-executable instructions for labeling training data for machine learning, the instructions comprising:
inputting candidate data into a first neural network to filter the candidate data by selecting a subset of the candidate data based on an output of the first neural network, wherein the first neural network is pretrained; performing a confidence upgrade check on the subset of candidate data by:
performing a data consistency check by generating augmented data from each candidate data from among the subset of candidate data, wherein the generated augmented data are used as inputs into the first neural network to determine a first confidence condition for each of the subset of candidate data,
inputting the subset of candidate data into a second neural network that is trained using data from an environment to determine a second confidence condition, wherein the second neural network is a version of the first neural network overfitted to the environment, and
performing a clustering on the subset of candidate data, wherein results from the clustering on the subset of candidate data are used as inputs into a third machine learning approach to determine a third confidence condition; and
automatically labeling, as training data, the subset of candidate data from among the subset of candidate data in accordance with a confidence level label based on the first confidence condition, the second confidence condition, and the third confidence condition. | 3,700 |
347,097 | 16,805,562 | 3,772 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Some wireless communications systems support user equipment (UEs) achieving power savings by operating in a connected discontinuous reception (C-DRX) mode. The systems may additionally utilize wakeup signals for further power savings at a UE. For example, a UE may be configured with a wakeup signal resource configuration (e.g., a first search space configuration) for monitoring for wakeup signals while operating in a low power mode. This first search space configuration may be different from a second search space configuration for the UE operating in an active mode. When in a low power mode, the UE may monitor for wakeup signals according to the wakeup signal resource configuration. If the UE receives a wakeup signal in a wakeup signal resource defined by the configuration, the UE may initiate a wakeup procedure and transition to the active mode for data transmission and reception. | 1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
identifying a first configuration for monitoring a downlink control channel during an active duration, the first configuration comprising a first set of configuration parameters; identifying a second configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration, the second configuration comprising a second set of configuration parameters, wherein at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters is different from the first set of configuration parameters; and monitoring, outside the active duration, the downlink control channel according to the second configuration for a downlink control information message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters comprises a search space configuration parameter indicating an offset for one or more search space sets from a reference time, and the monitoring further comprises:
monitoring the downlink control channel for the downlink control information message in the one or more search space sets according to the offset for the one or more search space sets from the reference time based at least in part on the UE operating outside the active duration. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the downlink control information message monitored for according to the second configuration corresponds to a wakeup signal, the method further comprising:
monitoring, within the active duration, the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for a downlink control information message scheduling data communications. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the downlink control information message based at least in part on the monitoring the downlink control channel according to the second configuration, wherein the downlink control information message corresponds to a wakeup signal; and determining whether to monitor the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for the active duration for a discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on receiving the downlink control information message corresponding to the wakeup signal. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining whether to monitor the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for the active duration comprises:
determining to monitor the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on information in the downlink control information message. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein determining whether to monitor the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for the active duration comprises:
determining to suppress monitoring of the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on information in the downlink control information message. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
failing to detect the downlink control information message during a monitoring occasion for a discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on the monitoring the downlink control channel according to the second configuration, wherein the downlink control information message corresponds to a wakeup signal; and determining to suppress monitoring of the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on failing to detect the downlink control information message corresponding to the wakeup signal. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second configuration is a UE-specific configuration, the method further comprising:
receiving the downlink control information message based at least in part on the monitoring the downlink control channel according to the second configuration; initiating a wakeup procedure to transition from a first power state outside the active duration to a second power state within the active duration based at least in part on the downlink control information message corresponding to the UE according to the UE-specific configuration; and monitoring the downlink control channel for an additional downlink control information message according to the first configuration based at least in part on the UE operating in the active duration. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
operating in a discontinuous reception mode, wherein the active duration is based at least in part on the discontinuous reception mode. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of configuration parameters comprises a downlink control information format that is not associated with the first configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first set of configuration parameters comprises a first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration; and the second set of configuration parameters comprises a second radio network temporary identifier different from the first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel outside of the active duration. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the second configuration comprises one or more control resource sets, one or more search spaces, one or more physical downlink control channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration. 13. A method for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
configuring a user equipment (UE) with a first configuration for monitoring a downlink control channel during an active duration, the first configuration comprising a first set of configuration parameters; configuring the UE with a second configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration, the second configuration comprising a second set of configuration parameters, wherein at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters is different from the first set of configuration parameters; and transmitting, to the UE outside the active duration, a downlink control information message according to the second configuration. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters comprises a search space configuration parameter indicating an offset for one or more search space sets from a reference time, and the transmitting further comprises:
transmitting the downlink control information message in a search space set of the one or more search space sets according to the offset for the one or more search space sets from the reference time. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the downlink control information message corresponds to a wakeup signal, the method further comprising:
transmitting, to the UE during the active duration, a downlink control information message scheduling data communications according to the first configuration based at least in part on the wakeup signal. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the second set of configuration parameters comprises a downlink control information format that is not associated with the first configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the first set of configuration parameters comprises a first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration; and the second set of configuration parameters comprises a second radio network temporary identifier different from the first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel outside of the active duration. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the second configuration comprises one or more control resource sets, one or more search spaces, one or more physical downlink control channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof for the UE to monitor the downlink control channel outside the active duration. 19. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identifying a first configuration for monitoring a downlink control channel during an active duration, the first configuration comprising a first set of configuration parameters;
identifying a second configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration, the second configuration comprising a second set of configuration parameters, wherein at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters is different from the first set of configuration parameters; and
monitor, outside the active duration, the downlink control channel according to the second configuration for a downlink control information message. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters comprises a search space configuration parameter indicating an offset for one or more search space sets from a reference time, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
monitor the downlink control channel for the downlink control information message in the one or more search space sets according to the offset for the one or more search space sets from the reference time based at least in part on the UE operating outside the active duration. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the downlink control information message monitored for according to the second configuration corresponds to a wakeup signal, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
monitor, within the active duration, the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for a downlink control information message scheduling data communications. 22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive the downlink control information message based at least in part on the monitoring the downlink control channel according to the second configuration, wherein the downlink control information message corresponds to a wakeup signal; and determine whether to monitor the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for the active duration for a discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on receiving the downlink control information message corresponding to the wakeup signal. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine to monitor the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on information in the downlink control information message. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine to suppress monitoring of the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on information in the downlink control information message 25. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
fail to detect the downlink control information message during a monitoring occasion for a discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on the monitoring the downlink control channel according to the second configuration, wherein the downlink control information message corresponds to a wakeup signal; and determine to suppress monitoring of the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on failing to detect the downlink control information message corresponding to the wakeup signal. 26. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second set of configuration parameters comprises a downlink control information format that is not associated with the first configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration. 27. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein:
the first set of configuration parameters comprises a first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration; and the second set of configuration parameters comprises a second radio network temporary identifier different from the first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel outside of the active duration. 28. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second configuration comprises one or more control resource sets, one or more search spaces, one or more physical downlink control channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
configure a user equipment (UE) with a first configuration for monitoring a downlink control channel during an active duration, the first configuration comprising a first set of configuration parameters;
configure the UE with a second configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration, the second configuration comprising a second set of configuration parameters, wherein at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters is different from the first set of configuration parameters; and
transmit, to the UE outside the active duration, a downlink control information message according to the second configuration. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters comprises a search space configuration parameter indicating an offset for one or more search space sets from a reference time, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the downlink control information message in a search space set of the one or more search space sets according to the offset for the one or more search space sets from the reference time | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Some wireless communications systems support user equipment (UEs) achieving power savings by operating in a connected discontinuous reception (C-DRX) mode. The systems may additionally utilize wakeup signals for further power savings at a UE. For example, a UE may be configured with a wakeup signal resource configuration (e.g., a first search space configuration) for monitoring for wakeup signals while operating in a low power mode. This first search space configuration may be different from a second search space configuration for the UE operating in an active mode. When in a low power mode, the UE may monitor for wakeup signals according to the wakeup signal resource configuration. If the UE receives a wakeup signal in a wakeup signal resource defined by the configuration, the UE may initiate a wakeup procedure and transition to the active mode for data transmission and reception.1. A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
identifying a first configuration for monitoring a downlink control channel during an active duration, the first configuration comprising a first set of configuration parameters; identifying a second configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration, the second configuration comprising a second set of configuration parameters, wherein at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters is different from the first set of configuration parameters; and monitoring, outside the active duration, the downlink control channel according to the second configuration for a downlink control information message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters comprises a search space configuration parameter indicating an offset for one or more search space sets from a reference time, and the monitoring further comprises:
monitoring the downlink control channel for the downlink control information message in the one or more search space sets according to the offset for the one or more search space sets from the reference time based at least in part on the UE operating outside the active duration. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the downlink control information message monitored for according to the second configuration corresponds to a wakeup signal, the method further comprising:
monitoring, within the active duration, the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for a downlink control information message scheduling data communications. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the downlink control information message based at least in part on the monitoring the downlink control channel according to the second configuration, wherein the downlink control information message corresponds to a wakeup signal; and determining whether to monitor the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for the active duration for a discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on receiving the downlink control information message corresponding to the wakeup signal. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining whether to monitor the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for the active duration comprises:
determining to monitor the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on information in the downlink control information message. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein determining whether to monitor the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for the active duration comprises:
determining to suppress monitoring of the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on information in the downlink control information message. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
failing to detect the downlink control information message during a monitoring occasion for a discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on the monitoring the downlink control channel according to the second configuration, wherein the downlink control information message corresponds to a wakeup signal; and determining to suppress monitoring of the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on failing to detect the downlink control information message corresponding to the wakeup signal. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the second configuration is a UE-specific configuration, the method further comprising:
receiving the downlink control information message based at least in part on the monitoring the downlink control channel according to the second configuration; initiating a wakeup procedure to transition from a first power state outside the active duration to a second power state within the active duration based at least in part on the downlink control information message corresponding to the UE according to the UE-specific configuration; and monitoring the downlink control channel for an additional downlink control information message according to the first configuration based at least in part on the UE operating in the active duration. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
operating in a discontinuous reception mode, wherein the active duration is based at least in part on the discontinuous reception mode. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the second set of configuration parameters comprises a downlink control information format that is not associated with the first configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first set of configuration parameters comprises a first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration; and the second set of configuration parameters comprises a second radio network temporary identifier different from the first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel outside of the active duration. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the second configuration comprises one or more control resource sets, one or more search spaces, one or more physical downlink control channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration. 13. A method for wireless communications at a base station, comprising:
configuring a user equipment (UE) with a first configuration for monitoring a downlink control channel during an active duration, the first configuration comprising a first set of configuration parameters; configuring the UE with a second configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration, the second configuration comprising a second set of configuration parameters, wherein at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters is different from the first set of configuration parameters; and transmitting, to the UE outside the active duration, a downlink control information message according to the second configuration. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters comprises a search space configuration parameter indicating an offset for one or more search space sets from a reference time, and the transmitting further comprises:
transmitting the downlink control information message in a search space set of the one or more search space sets according to the offset for the one or more search space sets from the reference time. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the downlink control information message corresponds to a wakeup signal, the method further comprising:
transmitting, to the UE during the active duration, a downlink control information message scheduling data communications according to the first configuration based at least in part on the wakeup signal. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the second set of configuration parameters comprises a downlink control information format that is not associated with the first configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein:
the first set of configuration parameters comprises a first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration; and the second set of configuration parameters comprises a second radio network temporary identifier different from the first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel outside of the active duration. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the second configuration comprises one or more control resource sets, one or more search spaces, one or more physical downlink control channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof for the UE to monitor the downlink control channel outside the active duration. 19. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
identifying a first configuration for monitoring a downlink control channel during an active duration, the first configuration comprising a first set of configuration parameters;
identifying a second configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration, the second configuration comprising a second set of configuration parameters, wherein at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters is different from the first set of configuration parameters; and
monitor, outside the active duration, the downlink control channel according to the second configuration for a downlink control information message. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters comprises a search space configuration parameter indicating an offset for one or more search space sets from a reference time, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
monitor the downlink control channel for the downlink control information message in the one or more search space sets according to the offset for the one or more search space sets from the reference time based at least in part on the UE operating outside the active duration. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the downlink control information message monitored for according to the second configuration corresponds to a wakeup signal, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
monitor, within the active duration, the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for a downlink control information message scheduling data communications. 22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
receive the downlink control information message based at least in part on the monitoring the downlink control channel according to the second configuration, wherein the downlink control information message corresponds to a wakeup signal; and determine whether to monitor the downlink control channel according to the first configuration for the active duration for a discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on receiving the downlink control information message corresponding to the wakeup signal. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine to monitor the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on information in the downlink control information message. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
determine to suppress monitoring of the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on information in the downlink control information message 25. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
fail to detect the downlink control information message during a monitoring occasion for a discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on the monitoring the downlink control channel according to the second configuration, wherein the downlink control information message corresponds to a wakeup signal; and determine to suppress monitoring of the downlink control channel for the active duration of the discontinuous reception cycle based at least in part on failing to detect the downlink control information message corresponding to the wakeup signal. 26. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second set of configuration parameters comprises a downlink control information format that is not associated with the first configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration. 27. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein:
the first set of configuration parameters comprises a first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel during the active duration; and the second set of configuration parameters comprises a second radio network temporary identifier different from the first radio network temporary identifier for monitoring the downlink control channel outside of the active duration. 28. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second configuration comprises one or more control resource sets, one or more search spaces, one or more physical downlink control channel monitoring occasions, or a combination thereof for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration. 29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
configure a user equipment (UE) with a first configuration for monitoring a downlink control channel during an active duration, the first configuration comprising a first set of configuration parameters;
configure the UE with a second configuration for monitoring the downlink control channel outside the active duration, the second configuration comprising a second set of configuration parameters, wherein at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters is different from the first set of configuration parameters; and
transmit, to the UE outside the active duration, a downlink control information message according to the second configuration. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the at least one configuration parameter of the second set of configuration parameters comprises a search space configuration parameter indicating an offset for one or more search space sets from a reference time, and wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:
transmit the downlink control information message in a search space set of the one or more search space sets according to the offset for the one or more search space sets from the reference time | 3,700 |
347,098 | 16,805,585 | 3,772 | A method of fabricating a semiconductor memory device includes etching a substrate that forms a trench that crosses active regions of the substrate, forming a gate insulating layer on bottom and side surfaces of the trench, forming a first gate electrode on the gate insulating layer that fills a lower portion of the trench, oxidizing a top surface of the first gate electrode where a preliminary barrier layer is formed, nitrifying the preliminary barrier layer where a barrier layer is formed, and forming a second gate electrode on the barrier layer that fills an upper portion of the trench. | 1. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate that includes a trench; a gate insulating layer that covers a bottom surface and an inner side surface of the trench; a first gate electrode disposed in a lower region of the trench, the first gate electrode comprising a first metal; a second gate electrode disposed in the trench and on the first gate electrode; and a barrier layer disposed between the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode, the barrier layer comprising an oxynitride compound containing the first metal, wherein the gate insulating layer comprises a first portion adjacent to the first gate electrode and a second portion adjacent to the second gate electrode, and a thickness of the first portion is greater than a thickness of the second portion, when measured in a direction normal to a side surface of the trench. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first portion is 40% to 70% of the thickness of the second portion. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein a width of the second gate electrode is greater than a width of the first gate electrode. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the second portion adjacent to the second gate electrode has a higher nitrogen concentration than the first portion adjacent to the first gate electrode. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second portion of the gate insulating layer decreases with increasing distance from the substrate. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising a first sub-insulating layer interposed between the second portion of the gate insulating layer and the second gate electrode. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein an inner side surface of the first sub-insulating layer facing the trench is coplanar with an inner side surface of the first portion of the gate insulating layer. 8. The device of claim 1, further comprising a capping layer disposed in the trench and on the second gate electrode,
wherein the gate insulating layer further comprises a third portion adjacent to the capping layer, and the thickness of the second portion is greater than a thickness of the third portion, when measured in the direction normal to the side surface of the trench. 9. The device of claim 8, further comprising a second sub-insulating layer interposed between the third portion of the gate insulating layer and the capping layer. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein an inner side surface of the second sub-insulating layer that faces the trench is coplanar with an inner side surface of the first portion of the gate insulating layer. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein a width of the capping layer is greater than a width of the second gate electrode. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein a work function of the second gate electrode is lower than a work function of the first gate electrode. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising a liner layer between the barrier layer and the second gate electrode,
wherein the liner layer extends in a region between the gate insulating layer and the second gate electrode. 14. The device of claim 1, further comprising an impurity injection region disposed in the active regions,
wherein the impurity injection region comprises a first impurity injection region between the gate lines and a second impurity injection region between the gate lines and the device isolation layer. 15. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:
a substrate that includes active regions arranged in a first direction and are defined by a device isolation layer; a gate line buried in a trench in an upper portion of the substrate, the gate line crossing the active region in a second direction to divide the active region into first and second doped regions, the second direction crossing the first direction; a gate insulating layer that separates the trench from the gate line; a bit line disposed on the gate line, the bit line extending in a third direction crossing both of the first and second directions; and a capacitor disposed on the substrate and connected to the second doped region, wherein the gate line comprises: a first gate electrode disposed in a lower region of the trench, a top surface of the first gate electrode containing oxygen and nitrogen atoms; a second gate electrode on the first gate electrode; and a capping layer on the second gate electrode, and wherein a width of the second gate electrode is greater than a width of the first gate electrode. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the gate insulating layer comprises a first portion adjacent to the first gate electrode and a second portion adjacent to the second gate electrode, and
a thickness of the first portion is greater than a thickness of the second portion, when measured in a direction normal to a side surface of the trench. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the thickness of the second portion of the gate insulating layer decreases with increasing distance from the substrate. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the gate insulating layer further comprises a third portion adjacent to the capping layer, and
the thickness of the second portion is greater than a thickness of the third portion, when measured in the direction normal to the side surface of the trench. 19. The device of claim 15, further comprising a first sub-insulating layer disposed between the second gate electrode and the gate insulating layer,
wherein a number of crystal defects of the first sub-insulating layer per unit area is less than a number of crystal defects of the gate insulating layer per unit area. 20. The device of claim 15, further comprising a second sub-insulating layer disposed between the capping layer and the gate insulating layer,
wherein a number of crystal defects of the second sub-insulating layer per unit area is less than a number of crystal defects of the gate insulating layer per unit area. | A method of fabricating a semiconductor memory device includes etching a substrate that forms a trench that crosses active regions of the substrate, forming a gate insulating layer on bottom and side surfaces of the trench, forming a first gate electrode on the gate insulating layer that fills a lower portion of the trench, oxidizing a top surface of the first gate electrode where a preliminary barrier layer is formed, nitrifying the preliminary barrier layer where a barrier layer is formed, and forming a second gate electrode on the barrier layer that fills an upper portion of the trench.1. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate that includes a trench; a gate insulating layer that covers a bottom surface and an inner side surface of the trench; a first gate electrode disposed in a lower region of the trench, the first gate electrode comprising a first metal; a second gate electrode disposed in the trench and on the first gate electrode; and a barrier layer disposed between the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode, the barrier layer comprising an oxynitride compound containing the first metal, wherein the gate insulating layer comprises a first portion adjacent to the first gate electrode and a second portion adjacent to the second gate electrode, and a thickness of the first portion is greater than a thickness of the second portion, when measured in a direction normal to a side surface of the trench. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first portion is 40% to 70% of the thickness of the second portion. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein a width of the second gate electrode is greater than a width of the first gate electrode. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the second portion adjacent to the second gate electrode has a higher nitrogen concentration than the first portion adjacent to the first gate electrode. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second portion of the gate insulating layer decreases with increasing distance from the substrate. 6. The device of claim 1, further comprising a first sub-insulating layer interposed between the second portion of the gate insulating layer and the second gate electrode. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein an inner side surface of the first sub-insulating layer facing the trench is coplanar with an inner side surface of the first portion of the gate insulating layer. 8. The device of claim 1, further comprising a capping layer disposed in the trench and on the second gate electrode,
wherein the gate insulating layer further comprises a third portion adjacent to the capping layer, and the thickness of the second portion is greater than a thickness of the third portion, when measured in the direction normal to the side surface of the trench. 9. The device of claim 8, further comprising a second sub-insulating layer interposed between the third portion of the gate insulating layer and the capping layer. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein an inner side surface of the second sub-insulating layer that faces the trench is coplanar with an inner side surface of the first portion of the gate insulating layer. 11. The device of claim 8, wherein a width of the capping layer is greater than a width of the second gate electrode. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein a work function of the second gate electrode is lower than a work function of the first gate electrode. 13. The device of claim 1, further comprising a liner layer between the barrier layer and the second gate electrode,
wherein the liner layer extends in a region between the gate insulating layer and the second gate electrode. 14. The device of claim 1, further comprising an impurity injection region disposed in the active regions,
wherein the impurity injection region comprises a first impurity injection region between the gate lines and a second impurity injection region between the gate lines and the device isolation layer. 15. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:
a substrate that includes active regions arranged in a first direction and are defined by a device isolation layer; a gate line buried in a trench in an upper portion of the substrate, the gate line crossing the active region in a second direction to divide the active region into first and second doped regions, the second direction crossing the first direction; a gate insulating layer that separates the trench from the gate line; a bit line disposed on the gate line, the bit line extending in a third direction crossing both of the first and second directions; and a capacitor disposed on the substrate and connected to the second doped region, wherein the gate line comprises: a first gate electrode disposed in a lower region of the trench, a top surface of the first gate electrode containing oxygen and nitrogen atoms; a second gate electrode on the first gate electrode; and a capping layer on the second gate electrode, and wherein a width of the second gate electrode is greater than a width of the first gate electrode. 16. The device of claim 15, wherein the gate insulating layer comprises a first portion adjacent to the first gate electrode and a second portion adjacent to the second gate electrode, and
a thickness of the first portion is greater than a thickness of the second portion, when measured in a direction normal to a side surface of the trench. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the thickness of the second portion of the gate insulating layer decreases with increasing distance from the substrate. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the gate insulating layer further comprises a third portion adjacent to the capping layer, and
the thickness of the second portion is greater than a thickness of the third portion, when measured in the direction normal to the side surface of the trench. 19. The device of claim 15, further comprising a first sub-insulating layer disposed between the second gate electrode and the gate insulating layer,
wherein a number of crystal defects of the first sub-insulating layer per unit area is less than a number of crystal defects of the gate insulating layer per unit area. 20. The device of claim 15, further comprising a second sub-insulating layer disposed between the capping layer and the gate insulating layer,
wherein a number of crystal defects of the second sub-insulating layer per unit area is less than a number of crystal defects of the gate insulating layer per unit area. | 3,700 |
347,099 | 16,805,592 | 2,872 | A method for supporting a user aiming at an object with a telescope includes determining and storing a first object position of the object relative to the telescope when a user aims at the object with the telescope and the telescope is located at a first telescope position, and supporting a user when aiming at the object again with the same telescope based on the stored first object position relative to the telescope. | 1. A method for supporting a user aiming at an object with a telescope, the method comprising:
determining a first object position of the object relative to the telescope when a user aims at the object with the telescope and the telescope is located at a first telescope position; storing the first object position of the object relative to the telescope; and supporting the user when aiming at the object again with the telescope based on a stored first object position relative to the telescope. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
determining a second object position of the object relative to the telescope when the telescope was moved from the first telescope position to a second telescope position based on the first object position, the first telescope position, and the second telescope position; and supporting of the user aiming at the object again with the telescope based on the second object position of the object relative to the telescope. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
when supporting the user aiming at the object, displaying a direction in a field of view of the telescope, wherein the direction indicates the direction in which a viewing direction of the telescope must be changed to bring the object back into the field of view of the telescope, or into a center of the field of view. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
automatically storing the first object position relative to the telescope when a viewing direction of the telescope has not been significantly changed for a period of time that is longer than a predetermined period of time. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
determining an identity of the user by the telescope or based on fingerprints, and supporting the user aiming at the object when determining and storing the first object position of the object when the user is aiming at the object again. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
displaying and/or automatically setting a sharpness value of the telescope when supporting the user when aiming at the object, wherein the sharpness value is the sharpness value that is stored when aiming at the object at the first telescope position or is the sharpness value determined based on a distance between a second telescope position and a second object position. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
determining a plurality of second object positions of a plurality of objects relative to the telescope at a second telescope position; and in supporting the user when aiming at the object, providing the plurality of second object positions of the plurality of objects to the user for selection and/or displaying to the user a respectively necessary direction of a change in a viewing direction of the telescope to bring a respective object into a field of view of the telescope together with information relating to the respective object. 8. A telescope comprising:
an object position determination apparatus configured to determine and store a first object position of an object relative to the telescope when the object is being aimed at with the telescope by a user and the telescope is located at a first telescope position; and an object aiming support apparatus configured to support the user when aiming at the object again with the telescope based on a stored first object position relative to the telescope. 9. The telescope as claimed in claim 8, wherein:
the object position determination apparatus is further configured to determine a second object position of the object relative to the telescope when the telescope is located at a second telescope position based on the first object position, the first telescope position, and the second telescope position, and the object aiming support apparatus is further configured to support the user when aiming at the object with the telescope at the second telescope position based on the second object position relative to the telescope. 10. The telescope as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
a sharpness setting apparatus configured to display and/or automatically set a sharpness value of the telescope when supporting the user aiming at the object at a second telescope position, and wherein the sharpness value is the sharpness value that is stored when aiming at the object at the first telescope position or that is determined based on a distance between the second telescope position and the object. 11. The telescope as claimed in claim 8, wherein the object position determination apparatus is configured to automatically store the first object position relative to the telescope at the first telescope position when a viewing direction of the telescope has not been significantly changed for a period of time that is longer than a predetermined period of time. 12. The telescope as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
a display apparatus to display a direction in a field of view of the telescope, wherein the direction displayed indicates the direction in which a viewing direction of the telescope must be changed to bring the object back into the field of view of the telescope or into a center of the field of view. | A method for supporting a user aiming at an object with a telescope includes determining and storing a first object position of the object relative to the telescope when a user aims at the object with the telescope and the telescope is located at a first telescope position, and supporting a user when aiming at the object again with the same telescope based on the stored first object position relative to the telescope.1. A method for supporting a user aiming at an object with a telescope, the method comprising:
determining a first object position of the object relative to the telescope when a user aims at the object with the telescope and the telescope is located at a first telescope position; storing the first object position of the object relative to the telescope; and supporting the user when aiming at the object again with the telescope based on a stored first object position relative to the telescope. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
determining a second object position of the object relative to the telescope when the telescope was moved from the first telescope position to a second telescope position based on the first object position, the first telescope position, and the second telescope position; and supporting of the user aiming at the object again with the telescope based on the second object position of the object relative to the telescope. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
when supporting the user aiming at the object, displaying a direction in a field of view of the telescope, wherein the direction indicates the direction in which a viewing direction of the telescope must be changed to bring the object back into the field of view of the telescope, or into a center of the field of view. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
automatically storing the first object position relative to the telescope when a viewing direction of the telescope has not been significantly changed for a period of time that is longer than a predetermined period of time. 5. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
determining an identity of the user by the telescope or based on fingerprints, and supporting the user aiming at the object when determining and storing the first object position of the object when the user is aiming at the object again. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
displaying and/or automatically setting a sharpness value of the telescope when supporting the user when aiming at the object, wherein the sharpness value is the sharpness value that is stored when aiming at the object at the first telescope position or is the sharpness value determined based on a distance between a second telescope position and a second object position. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
determining a plurality of second object positions of a plurality of objects relative to the telescope at a second telescope position; and in supporting the user when aiming at the object, providing the plurality of second object positions of the plurality of objects to the user for selection and/or displaying to the user a respectively necessary direction of a change in a viewing direction of the telescope to bring a respective object into a field of view of the telescope together with information relating to the respective object. 8. A telescope comprising:
an object position determination apparatus configured to determine and store a first object position of an object relative to the telescope when the object is being aimed at with the telescope by a user and the telescope is located at a first telescope position; and an object aiming support apparatus configured to support the user when aiming at the object again with the telescope based on a stored first object position relative to the telescope. 9. The telescope as claimed in claim 8, wherein:
the object position determination apparatus is further configured to determine a second object position of the object relative to the telescope when the telescope is located at a second telescope position based on the first object position, the first telescope position, and the second telescope position, and the object aiming support apparatus is further configured to support the user when aiming at the object with the telescope at the second telescope position based on the second object position relative to the telescope. 10. The telescope as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
a sharpness setting apparatus configured to display and/or automatically set a sharpness value of the telescope when supporting the user aiming at the object at a second telescope position, and wherein the sharpness value is the sharpness value that is stored when aiming at the object at the first telescope position or that is determined based on a distance between the second telescope position and the object. 11. The telescope as claimed in claim 8, wherein the object position determination apparatus is configured to automatically store the first object position relative to the telescope at the first telescope position when a viewing direction of the telescope has not been significantly changed for a period of time that is longer than a predetermined period of time. 12. The telescope as claimed in claim 8, further comprising:
a display apparatus to display a direction in a field of view of the telescope, wherein the direction displayed indicates the direction in which a viewing direction of the telescope must be changed to bring the object back into the field of view of the telescope or into a center of the field of view. | 2,800 |
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