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346,500 | 16,804,913 | 2,112 | A photovoltaic (“PV”) sensor for the early detection of potential induced degradation (“PID”) comprising a housing; a power source located within the housing; an electrical connection presented by the housing for electrically communicating the power source with a PV module; and wherein current supplied by the power source to the PV module is less than 10 mA. | 1. A photovoltaic (“PV”) sensor for the early detection of potential induced degradation (“PID”) comprising:
a housing;
a power source located within the housing;
an electrical connection presented by the housing for electrically communicating the power source with a PV module; and
wherein current supplied by the power source to the PV module is less than 10 mA. 2. The PV sensor of claim 1, wherein the electrical connection includes leads or contacts, plug-in connectors, or a plurality of electrical lines for connecting to the PV module. 3. The PV sensor of claim 1, which includes an electrical detector located within the housing, and wherein electrical lines in electrical communication with the electrical detector are placed in electrical communication with the PV module so as to measure at least one shunt resistance within the PV module. 4. The PV sensor of claim 3, which includes a central processing unit (“CPU”) configured to perform an analysis of an output from the electrical detector, the output indicative of the at least one shunt resistance within the PV module, the CPU determining at least one of PID development or a percentage power loss of the PV module from the analysis. 5. The PV sensor of claim 4, wherein the analysis of the output from the electrical detector by the CPU assumes an illumination current provided by the PV module is zero. 6. The PV sensor of claim 1, which includes an isolation device configured to electrically isolate the PV module from the remainder of a PV string when the current is supplied by the power source to the PV module. 7. The PV sensor of claim 6, wherein the isolation device includes a switch or a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (“MOSFET”). 8. The PV sensor of claim 1, which includes at least one of a cable for wired communication with a central server or a wireless communication device for wireless communication with a central server. 9. The PV sensor of claim 1, which is configured to automatically interrogate the PV module at night. 10. A photovoltaic (“PV”) sensor for the early detection of potential induced degradation (“PID”) comprising:
a housing;
a power source located within the housing;
an electrical connection presented by the housing for electrically communicating the power source with a PV module;
an electrical detector in electrical communication with the electrical connection; and
a central processing unit (“CPU”) configured to analyze an output from the electrical detector and determine, based on the output, a power loss of the PV module relative to a threshold power loss. 11. The PV sensor of claim 10, wherein the threshold power loss is 1.0%. 12. A photovoltaic (“PV”) assembly for the early detection of potential induced degradation (“PID”) comprising:
a PV string including a plurality of PV modules;
a sensor positioned and arranged to sense a PV module located at the negative voltage end of the PV string, the sensor including
a housing,
a power source located within the housing, and
an electrical connection presented by the housing to electrically communicate the power source with the PV module located at the negative voltage end of the PV string for detecting at least one of PID development in or a percentage power loss of the PV module. 13. The PV assembly of claim 12, wherein current supplied by the power source to the PV module located at the negative voltage end of the PV string is less than 10 mA. 14. The PV assembly of claim 12, wherein the PV module located at the negative voltage end of the PV string includes a plurality of PV cells having shunt resistances in series electrical connection with the power source. 15. The PV assembly of claim 12, which includes an isolation device configured to electrically isolate the PV module located at the negative voltage end of the PV string from the remainder of the PV string when the PV module is interrogated by the sensor. 16. The PV assembly of claim 12, wherein the PV string is a first PV string and the sensor is a first sensor, which includes a second PV string including a plurality of PV modules, a second sensor positioned and arranged to sense a PV module located at the negative voltage end of the second PV string, and a central server, the first and second sensors configured to wired or wirelessly communicate PV string interrogation results to the central server. 17. A photovoltaic (“PV”) system for the early detection of potential induced degradation (“PID”) comprising:
a sensor including
a housing,
a power source located within the housing, and
an electrical connection presented by the housing for electrically communicating the power source with a PV module for detecting at least one of PID development in or a percentage power loss of the PV module; and
a central server in data communication with the sensor, wherein the central server is configured to enable a display screen to be populated according to data outputted from the sensor. 18. The PV system of claim 17, which includes a plurality of PV sensors in data communication with the central server, wherein the central server is configured to populate at least one display screen according to data outputted from the plurality of sensors. 19. The PV system of claim 17, wherein the central server is configured to produce at least one trend or determine at least pattern using a sensed shunt resistance of the PV module. 20. The PV system of claim 17, wherein the display screen is configured to display at least one of a (i) shunt resistance or PV module power loss indicator or (ii) a time remaining to a shunt resistance or PV module power loss threshold indicator. 21. The PV system of claim 17, wherein the display screen includes a selectable icon representing the PV module, the display screen displaying additional information concerning the PV module when the selectable icon is selected. | A photovoltaic (“PV”) sensor for the early detection of potential induced degradation (“PID”) comprising a housing; a power source located within the housing; an electrical connection presented by the housing for electrically communicating the power source with a PV module; and wherein current supplied by the power source to the PV module is less than 10 mA.1. A photovoltaic (“PV”) sensor for the early detection of potential induced degradation (“PID”) comprising:
a housing;
a power source located within the housing;
an electrical connection presented by the housing for electrically communicating the power source with a PV module; and
wherein current supplied by the power source to the PV module is less than 10 mA. 2. The PV sensor of claim 1, wherein the electrical connection includes leads or contacts, plug-in connectors, or a plurality of electrical lines for connecting to the PV module. 3. The PV sensor of claim 1, which includes an electrical detector located within the housing, and wherein electrical lines in electrical communication with the electrical detector are placed in electrical communication with the PV module so as to measure at least one shunt resistance within the PV module. 4. The PV sensor of claim 3, which includes a central processing unit (“CPU”) configured to perform an analysis of an output from the electrical detector, the output indicative of the at least one shunt resistance within the PV module, the CPU determining at least one of PID development or a percentage power loss of the PV module from the analysis. 5. The PV sensor of claim 4, wherein the analysis of the output from the electrical detector by the CPU assumes an illumination current provided by the PV module is zero. 6. The PV sensor of claim 1, which includes an isolation device configured to electrically isolate the PV module from the remainder of a PV string when the current is supplied by the power source to the PV module. 7. The PV sensor of claim 6, wherein the isolation device includes a switch or a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (“MOSFET”). 8. The PV sensor of claim 1, which includes at least one of a cable for wired communication with a central server or a wireless communication device for wireless communication with a central server. 9. The PV sensor of claim 1, which is configured to automatically interrogate the PV module at night. 10. A photovoltaic (“PV”) sensor for the early detection of potential induced degradation (“PID”) comprising:
a housing;
a power source located within the housing;
an electrical connection presented by the housing for electrically communicating the power source with a PV module;
an electrical detector in electrical communication with the electrical connection; and
a central processing unit (“CPU”) configured to analyze an output from the electrical detector and determine, based on the output, a power loss of the PV module relative to a threshold power loss. 11. The PV sensor of claim 10, wherein the threshold power loss is 1.0%. 12. A photovoltaic (“PV”) assembly for the early detection of potential induced degradation (“PID”) comprising:
a PV string including a plurality of PV modules;
a sensor positioned and arranged to sense a PV module located at the negative voltage end of the PV string, the sensor including
a housing,
a power source located within the housing, and
an electrical connection presented by the housing to electrically communicate the power source with the PV module located at the negative voltage end of the PV string for detecting at least one of PID development in or a percentage power loss of the PV module. 13. The PV assembly of claim 12, wherein current supplied by the power source to the PV module located at the negative voltage end of the PV string is less than 10 mA. 14. The PV assembly of claim 12, wherein the PV module located at the negative voltage end of the PV string includes a plurality of PV cells having shunt resistances in series electrical connection with the power source. 15. The PV assembly of claim 12, which includes an isolation device configured to electrically isolate the PV module located at the negative voltage end of the PV string from the remainder of the PV string when the PV module is interrogated by the sensor. 16. The PV assembly of claim 12, wherein the PV string is a first PV string and the sensor is a first sensor, which includes a second PV string including a plurality of PV modules, a second sensor positioned and arranged to sense a PV module located at the negative voltage end of the second PV string, and a central server, the first and second sensors configured to wired or wirelessly communicate PV string interrogation results to the central server. 17. A photovoltaic (“PV”) system for the early detection of potential induced degradation (“PID”) comprising:
a sensor including
a housing,
a power source located within the housing, and
an electrical connection presented by the housing for electrically communicating the power source with a PV module for detecting at least one of PID development in or a percentage power loss of the PV module; and
a central server in data communication with the sensor, wherein the central server is configured to enable a display screen to be populated according to data outputted from the sensor. 18. The PV system of claim 17, which includes a plurality of PV sensors in data communication with the central server, wherein the central server is configured to populate at least one display screen according to data outputted from the plurality of sensors. 19. The PV system of claim 17, wherein the central server is configured to produce at least one trend or determine at least pattern using a sensed shunt resistance of the PV module. 20. The PV system of claim 17, wherein the display screen is configured to display at least one of a (i) shunt resistance or PV module power loss indicator or (ii) a time remaining to a shunt resistance or PV module power loss threshold indicator. 21. The PV system of claim 17, wherein the display screen includes a selectable icon representing the PV module, the display screen displaying additional information concerning the PV module when the selectable icon is selected. | 2,100 |
346,501 | 16,804,932 | 2,112 | A system is disclosed. The system at least one physical memory device to store density control logic and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute the density control logic to generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data, receive first calibrated ink deposition data, generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data and transmit the first transfer function. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one physical memory device to store ink estimation logic; and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute control logic to:
generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on ink drop size data and a first halftone design;
receive first calibrated ink deposition data;
generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and
transmit the first transfer function. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the control logic further to generate second uncalibrated ink deposition data, generate a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data and transmit the second transfer function. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a print engine to receive the first transfer function and perform printing operations using the first transfer function. 8. At least one computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on the ink drop size data and the first halftone design; receive first calibrated ink deposition data; generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmit the first transfer function. 9. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 11. The computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 12. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition. 13. The computer readable medium of claim 14, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
generate second uncalibrated ink deposition data; generate a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmit the second transfer function. 14. A method comprising
generating first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on the ink drop size data and the first halftone design; receiving first calibrated ink deposition data; generating a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmitting the first transfer function. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
generating second uncalibrated ink deposition data; generating a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmitting the second transfer function. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the second uncalibrated ink deposition data is generated upon receiving second ink drop size data. | A system is disclosed. The system at least one physical memory device to store density control logic and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute the density control logic to generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data, receive first calibrated ink deposition data, generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data and transmit the first transfer function.1. A system comprising:
at least one physical memory device to store ink estimation logic; and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute control logic to:
generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on ink drop size data and a first halftone design;
receive first calibrated ink deposition data;
generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and
transmit the first transfer function. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the control logic further to generate second uncalibrated ink deposition data, generate a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data and transmit the second transfer function. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a print engine to receive the first transfer function and perform printing operations using the first transfer function. 8. At least one computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on the ink drop size data and the first halftone design; receive first calibrated ink deposition data; generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmit the first transfer function. 9. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 11. The computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 12. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition. 13. The computer readable medium of claim 14, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
generate second uncalibrated ink deposition data; generate a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmit the second transfer function. 14. A method comprising
generating first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on the ink drop size data and the first halftone design; receiving first calibrated ink deposition data; generating a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmitting the first transfer function. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
generating second uncalibrated ink deposition data; generating a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmitting the second transfer function. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the second uncalibrated ink deposition data is generated upon receiving second ink drop size data. | 2,100 |
346,502 | 16,804,985 | 2,668 | A system is disclosed. The system at least one physical memory device to store density control logic and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute the density control logic to generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data, receive first calibrated ink deposition data, generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data and transmit the first transfer function. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one physical memory device to store ink estimation logic; and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute control logic to:
generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on ink drop size data and a first halftone design;
receive first calibrated ink deposition data;
generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and
transmit the first transfer function. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the control logic further to generate second uncalibrated ink deposition data, generate a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data and transmit the second transfer function. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a print engine to receive the first transfer function and perform printing operations using the first transfer function. 8. At least one computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on the ink drop size data and the first halftone design; receive first calibrated ink deposition data; generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmit the first transfer function. 9. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 11. The computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 12. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition. 13. The computer readable medium of claim 14, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
generate second uncalibrated ink deposition data; generate a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmit the second transfer function. 14. A method comprising
generating first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on the ink drop size data and the first halftone design; receiving first calibrated ink deposition data; generating a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmitting the first transfer function. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
generating second uncalibrated ink deposition data; generating a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmitting the second transfer function. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the second uncalibrated ink deposition data is generated upon receiving second ink drop size data. | A system is disclosed. The system at least one physical memory device to store density control logic and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute the density control logic to generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data, receive first calibrated ink deposition data, generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data and transmit the first transfer function.1. A system comprising:
at least one physical memory device to store ink estimation logic; and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute control logic to:
generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on ink drop size data and a first halftone design;
receive first calibrated ink deposition data;
generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and
transmit the first transfer function. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the control logic further to generate second uncalibrated ink deposition data, generate a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data and transmit the second transfer function. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a print engine to receive the first transfer function and perform printing operations using the first transfer function. 8. At least one computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
generate first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on the ink drop size data and the first halftone design; receive first calibrated ink deposition data; generate a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmit the first transfer function. 9. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 11. The computer readable medium of claim 10, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 12. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition. 13. The computer readable medium of claim 14, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
generate second uncalibrated ink deposition data; generate a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmit the second transfer function. 14. A method comprising
generating first uncalibrated ink deposition data based on the ink drop size data and the first halftone design; receiving first calibrated ink deposition data; generating a first transfer function based on the first uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmitting the first transfer function. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the first uncalibrated ink deposition data further comprises receiving the ink drop size data for each of a plurality of color planes and receiving the first halftone design. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by applying an ink model to a target optical density (OD) printer response curve to generate the first calibrated ink deposition data. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the ink model comprises a Weibull ink model. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the first calibrated ink deposition data is generated by performing a direct conversion of the uncalibrated ink deposition data to the calibrated ink deposition data by applying the transfer function to the uncalibrated ink deposition. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
generating second uncalibrated ink deposition data; generating a second transfer function based on the second uncalibrated ink deposition data and the first calibrated ink deposition data; and transmitting the second transfer function. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the second uncalibrated ink deposition data is generated upon receiving second ink drop size data. | 2,600 |
346,503 | 16,804,958 | 2,668 | An aerosol-generating system includes a reservoir containing an aerosol-forming substrate. The system also includes first and second heating elements and first and second liquid transfer elements. The first and second heating elements are spaced apart from the reservoir. The first and second liquid transfer elements are configured to deliver aerosol-forming substrate from the reservoir to the heating elements. The first liquid transfer element has first and second end portions and a portion between the first and second end portions at the first heating element. The second liquid transfer element has first and second end portions and a portion between the first and second end portions at the second heating element. The portion of the first liquid transfer element at the first heating element may extend in a first direction. The portion of the second liquid transfer element at the second heating element may extend in a second direction. | 1. An aerosol-generating system comprising:
a reservoir configured to contain an aerosol-forming substrate; a first heating element spaced apart from the reservoir in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the aerosol-generating system; a second heating element spaced apart from the reservoir in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the aerosol-generating system; a first liquid transfer element including,
a first end portion, and
a second end portion, and
a first main portion between the first end portion and the second end portion, the first main portion at the first heating element, the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element being configured to deliver aerosol-forming substrate from the reservoir to the first heating element; and
a second liquid transfer element including,
a first end portion,
a second end portion, and
a second main portion between the first end portion and the second end portion, the second main portion at the second heating element, the first and second end portions of the second liquid transfer element being configured to deliver aerosol-forming substrate from the reservoir to the second heating element. 2. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein
the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the reservoir; and the first and second end portions of the second liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the reservoir. 3. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 2, wherein
the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the reservoir at a first location; and the first and second end portions of the second liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the reservoir at a second location, the second location being spaced apart from the first location. 4. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 3, wherein
the system further comprises a liquid retention medium arranged in fluid contact with the reservoir; the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium; and the first and second end portions of the second liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium. 5. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 4, wherein
the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium at a first location; and the first and second end portions of the liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium at a second location, the second location being spaced apart from the first location. 6. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein
the first liquid transfer element is substantially U-shaped, C-shaped or V-shaped; and the second liquid transfer element is substantially U-shaped, C-shaped or V-shaped. 7. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein
the first main portion of the first liquid transfer element at the first heating element extends substantially in a first direction; the second main portion of the second liquid transfer element at the second heating element extends substantially in a second direction; the first and second end portions of the first heating element extend substantially in a third direction, the third direction being different to the first direction; and the first and second end portions of the second heating element extend substantially in a fourth direction, the fourth direction being different to the second direction. 8. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 7, wherein
the first and second directions are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; and the third and fourth directions are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. 9. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein
the first end portion of the first liquid transfer element comprises a first end and the second end portion of the first liquid transfer element comprises a second end; the first end portion of the second liquid transfer element comprises a first end and the second end portion of the second liquid transfer element comprises a second end; the first and second ends of the first liquid transfer element lie substantially on a common plane; and the first and second ends of the second liquid transfer element lie substantially on the common plane. 10. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein the system includes an air flow passage and the first and second heating elements are mounted in the air flow passage. 11. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein
the first heating element comprises a coil wound around the first main portion of the first liquid transfer element at the first heating element; and the second heating element comprises a coil wound around the second main portion of the second liquid transfer element at the second heating element. 12. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises:
a first part including the reservoir; and a second part including the first and second heating elements and the first and second liquid transfer elements, the first part being releasably connectable to the second part. 13. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 13, wherein the system further comprises:
a third part including a power supply, the third part being releasably connectable to the second part. 14. A vaporizing unit for an aerosol-generating system, the vaporizing unit comprising:
a reservoir connecting end configured to be releasably connected to a source of liquid aerosol-forming substrate; a first heating element spaced apart from the reservoir connecting end in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the vaporizing unit; a second heating element spaced apart from the reservoir connecting end in the direction of the longitudinal axis; a first liquid transfer element having first and second end portions and a first main portion between the first and second end portions at the first heating element, the first and second end portions being configured to deliver liquid aerosol-forming substrate to the first heating element from a source of liquid aerosol-forming substrate connected to the vaporizing unit at the reservoir connecting end; and a second liquid transfer element having first and second end portions and a second main portion between the first and second end portions at the second heating element, the first and second end portions being configured to deliver liquid aerosol-forming substrate to the second heating element from a source of liquid aerosol-forming substrate connected to the vaporizing unit at the reservoir connecting end. 15. The vaporizing unit according to claim 14, further comprising:
a liquid retention medium, the liquid retention medium being configured to deliver liquid aerosol-forming substrate from a source of liquid aerosol-forming substrate, when a source of liquid aerosol-forming substrate is connected to the vaporizing unit at the reservoir connecting end; and wherein the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium; and the first and second end portions of the second liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium. 16. The vaporizing unit according to claim 14, wherein
the first main portion of the first liquid transfer element at the first heating element extends substantially in a first direction; the second main portion of the second liquid transfer element at the first heating element extends substantially in a second direction; the first and second end portions of the first heating element extend substantially in a third direction, the third direction being different to the first direction; and the first and second end portions of the second heating element extend substantially in a fourth direction, the fourth direction being different to the second direction. 17. The vaporizing unit according to claim 16, wherein
the first and second directions are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; and the third and fourth directions are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. | An aerosol-generating system includes a reservoir containing an aerosol-forming substrate. The system also includes first and second heating elements and first and second liquid transfer elements. The first and second heating elements are spaced apart from the reservoir. The first and second liquid transfer elements are configured to deliver aerosol-forming substrate from the reservoir to the heating elements. The first liquid transfer element has first and second end portions and a portion between the first and second end portions at the first heating element. The second liquid transfer element has first and second end portions and a portion between the first and second end portions at the second heating element. The portion of the first liquid transfer element at the first heating element may extend in a first direction. The portion of the second liquid transfer element at the second heating element may extend in a second direction.1. An aerosol-generating system comprising:
a reservoir configured to contain an aerosol-forming substrate; a first heating element spaced apart from the reservoir in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the aerosol-generating system; a second heating element spaced apart from the reservoir in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the aerosol-generating system; a first liquid transfer element including,
a first end portion, and
a second end portion, and
a first main portion between the first end portion and the second end portion, the first main portion at the first heating element, the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element being configured to deliver aerosol-forming substrate from the reservoir to the first heating element; and
a second liquid transfer element including,
a first end portion,
a second end portion, and
a second main portion between the first end portion and the second end portion, the second main portion at the second heating element, the first and second end portions of the second liquid transfer element being configured to deliver aerosol-forming substrate from the reservoir to the second heating element. 2. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein
the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the reservoir; and the first and second end portions of the second liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the reservoir. 3. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 2, wherein
the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the reservoir at a first location; and the first and second end portions of the second liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the reservoir at a second location, the second location being spaced apart from the first location. 4. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 3, wherein
the system further comprises a liquid retention medium arranged in fluid contact with the reservoir; the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium; and the first and second end portions of the second liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium. 5. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 4, wherein
the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium at a first location; and the first and second end portions of the liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium at a second location, the second location being spaced apart from the first location. 6. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein
the first liquid transfer element is substantially U-shaped, C-shaped or V-shaped; and the second liquid transfer element is substantially U-shaped, C-shaped or V-shaped. 7. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein
the first main portion of the first liquid transfer element at the first heating element extends substantially in a first direction; the second main portion of the second liquid transfer element at the second heating element extends substantially in a second direction; the first and second end portions of the first heating element extend substantially in a third direction, the third direction being different to the first direction; and the first and second end portions of the second heating element extend substantially in a fourth direction, the fourth direction being different to the second direction. 8. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 7, wherein
the first and second directions are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; and the third and fourth directions are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. 9. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein
the first end portion of the first liquid transfer element comprises a first end and the second end portion of the first liquid transfer element comprises a second end; the first end portion of the second liquid transfer element comprises a first end and the second end portion of the second liquid transfer element comprises a second end; the first and second ends of the first liquid transfer element lie substantially on a common plane; and the first and second ends of the second liquid transfer element lie substantially on the common plane. 10. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein the system includes an air flow passage and the first and second heating elements are mounted in the air flow passage. 11. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein
the first heating element comprises a coil wound around the first main portion of the first liquid transfer element at the first heating element; and the second heating element comprises a coil wound around the second main portion of the second liquid transfer element at the second heating element. 12. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises:
a first part including the reservoir; and a second part including the first and second heating elements and the first and second liquid transfer elements, the first part being releasably connectable to the second part. 13. The aerosol-generating system according to claim 13, wherein the system further comprises:
a third part including a power supply, the third part being releasably connectable to the second part. 14. A vaporizing unit for an aerosol-generating system, the vaporizing unit comprising:
a reservoir connecting end configured to be releasably connected to a source of liquid aerosol-forming substrate; a first heating element spaced apart from the reservoir connecting end in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the vaporizing unit; a second heating element spaced apart from the reservoir connecting end in the direction of the longitudinal axis; a first liquid transfer element having first and second end portions and a first main portion between the first and second end portions at the first heating element, the first and second end portions being configured to deliver liquid aerosol-forming substrate to the first heating element from a source of liquid aerosol-forming substrate connected to the vaporizing unit at the reservoir connecting end; and a second liquid transfer element having first and second end portions and a second main portion between the first and second end portions at the second heating element, the first and second end portions being configured to deliver liquid aerosol-forming substrate to the second heating element from a source of liquid aerosol-forming substrate connected to the vaporizing unit at the reservoir connecting end. 15. The vaporizing unit according to claim 14, further comprising:
a liquid retention medium, the liquid retention medium being configured to deliver liquid aerosol-forming substrate from a source of liquid aerosol-forming substrate, when a source of liquid aerosol-forming substrate is connected to the vaporizing unit at the reservoir connecting end; and wherein the first and second end portions of the first liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium; and the first and second end portions of the second liquid transfer element are arranged in fluid contact with the liquid retention medium. 16. The vaporizing unit according to claim 14, wherein
the first main portion of the first liquid transfer element at the first heating element extends substantially in a first direction; the second main portion of the second liquid transfer element at the first heating element extends substantially in a second direction; the first and second end portions of the first heating element extend substantially in a third direction, the third direction being different to the first direction; and the first and second end portions of the second heating element extend substantially in a fourth direction, the fourth direction being different to the second direction. 17. The vaporizing unit according to claim 16, wherein
the first and second directions are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; and the third and fourth directions are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. | 2,600 |
346,504 | 16,804,969 | 2,668 | An ophthalmic lens to be attached in or near an eyeball includes a first region that is near an optical axis; a second region that is farther from the optical axis than the first region; and a third region that is farther from the optical axis than the second region, the first region applies a first phase difference of 3 rad or more of a third phase difference with respect to the third region; the second region applies a second phase difference continuously connecting phase differences of the first region and the third region, and continuously changing in accordance with a distance from the optical axis; and the third region applies the third phase difference varying in accordance with the distance from the optical axis around a reference value, wherein a variation amplitude of the third phase difference is not less than 0.1 rad and less than the first phase difference. | 1. An ophthalmic lens to be attached in or near an eyeball, comprising:
a first region that is near an optical axis; a second region that is farther from the optical axis than the first region; and a third region that is farther from the optical axis than the second region, wherein: in a state where the ophthalmic lens is attached to the eyeball, light rays passing through the first region, the second region, and the third region form an image on a retina; the first region applies a first phase difference of 3 rad or more of a third phase difference to the light ray passing through the first region with respect to the light ray passing through the third region; the second region applies a second phase difference to the light ray passing through the second region, the second phase difference continuously connecting phase differences of the light ray passing through the first region and the light ray passing through the third region, and continuously changing in accordance with a distance from the optical axis; and the third region applies the third phase difference to the light ray passing through the third region, the third phase difference varying in accordance with the distance from the optical axis around a reference value, wherein a variation amplitude of the third phase difference is not less than 0.1 rad and less than the first phase difference. 2. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the first phase difference being 1.3 times or more as large as the variation amplitude of the third phase difference applied to the light ray passing through the third region. 3. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 2, wherein:
the first region is a region within a radius from the optical axis of less than 0.2 mm; the second region is a region outside the first region and within a radius from the optical axis of less than 1.2 mm; and the third region is a region outside the second region and within a radius from the optical axis of less than 2.5 mm. 4. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 3, wherein:
at least one of an incident surface or an exit surface of the first region, the second region, and the third region has a higher-order shape portion that changes in shape with a higher-order function for the distance from the optical axis; and the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference are applied by the higher-order shape portion. 5. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 3, wherein:
the first region, the second region, and the third region have a refractive index variation portion that changes in refractive index with a higher-order function for the distance from the optical axis; and the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference are applied by the refractive index variation portion. 6. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 4, wherein:
the higher-order function includes a sinc function. 7. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the first region, the second region, and the third region include a phase difference forming surface that applies the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference to the light rays. 8. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference of a light ray passing on a first axis orthogonal to the optical axis are functions Δφ(r) with respect to a distance r of the light ray from the optical axis; and given that f is a focal length of the ophthalmic lens, λ, is a center wavelength of light used in the ophthalmic lens, n is a refractive index of the ophthalmic lens, g is a first constant larger than 0, sinc(x) is sin(πx)/(πx), and sincg(x) is a product of an absolute value of sinc(x) raised to the g-th power and a sign of sinc(x), the function Δφ(r) is represented by a function φ(r) written by equation (2) 9. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference of a light ray passing on a first axis orthogonal to the optical axis are functions Δφ(r) with respect to a distance r of the light ray from the optical axis; and given that f is a focal length of the ophthalmic lens, λ, is a center wavelength of light used in the ophthalmic lens, n is a refractive index of the ophthalmic lens, g is a first constant larger than 0, sinc(x) is sin(πx)/(πx), and sincg(x) is a product of an absolute value of sinc(x) raised to the g-th power and a sign of sinc(x), the function Δφ(r) is represented by a function φ(r) written by equation (4) 10. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference of a light ray passing on a first axis orthogonal to the optical axis are functions Δφ(r) with respect to a distance r of the light ray from the optical axis; and given that f is a focal length of the ophthalmic lens, λ is a center wavelength of light used in the ophthalmic lens, n is a refractive index of the ophthalmic lens, g is a first constant larger than 0, sinc(x) is sin(πx)/(πx), and sincg(x) is a product of an absolute value of sinc(x) raised to the g-th power and a sign of sinc(x), the function Δφ(r) is represented by a function φ(r) written by equation (6) 11. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference are rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis. 12. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference are multi-fold symmetric with respect to the optical axis. 13. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
J second factors Dj are represented by
Cj=Aj·cos2 θ+Bj·sin2θ 14. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the third phase difference in the third region varies such that its amplitude decreases based on a distance from the optical axis. 15. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the ophthalmic lens is an intraocular lens that is loaded into an eyeball, instead of a crystalline lens. 16. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein: the ophthalmic lens is an implantable contact lens loaded between an iris and a crystalline lens. 17. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the ophthalmic lens is a corneal inlay or a corneal onlay to be loaded into the cornea. 18. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the ophthalmic lens is a contact lens that contacts a cornea. 19. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the variation amplitude of the third phase difference is 70% or less of the first phase difference. 20. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 19, wherein:
a period of the variation in the radius r direction of the third phase difference in the third region is 0.1 to 1.0 mm. | An ophthalmic lens to be attached in or near an eyeball includes a first region that is near an optical axis; a second region that is farther from the optical axis than the first region; and a third region that is farther from the optical axis than the second region, the first region applies a first phase difference of 3 rad or more of a third phase difference with respect to the third region; the second region applies a second phase difference continuously connecting phase differences of the first region and the third region, and continuously changing in accordance with a distance from the optical axis; and the third region applies the third phase difference varying in accordance with the distance from the optical axis around a reference value, wherein a variation amplitude of the third phase difference is not less than 0.1 rad and less than the first phase difference.1. An ophthalmic lens to be attached in or near an eyeball, comprising:
a first region that is near an optical axis; a second region that is farther from the optical axis than the first region; and a third region that is farther from the optical axis than the second region, wherein: in a state where the ophthalmic lens is attached to the eyeball, light rays passing through the first region, the second region, and the third region form an image on a retina; the first region applies a first phase difference of 3 rad or more of a third phase difference to the light ray passing through the first region with respect to the light ray passing through the third region; the second region applies a second phase difference to the light ray passing through the second region, the second phase difference continuously connecting phase differences of the light ray passing through the first region and the light ray passing through the third region, and continuously changing in accordance with a distance from the optical axis; and the third region applies the third phase difference to the light ray passing through the third region, the third phase difference varying in accordance with the distance from the optical axis around a reference value, wherein a variation amplitude of the third phase difference is not less than 0.1 rad and less than the first phase difference. 2. An ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the first phase difference being 1.3 times or more as large as the variation amplitude of the third phase difference applied to the light ray passing through the third region. 3. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 2, wherein:
the first region is a region within a radius from the optical axis of less than 0.2 mm; the second region is a region outside the first region and within a radius from the optical axis of less than 1.2 mm; and the third region is a region outside the second region and within a radius from the optical axis of less than 2.5 mm. 4. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 3, wherein:
at least one of an incident surface or an exit surface of the first region, the second region, and the third region has a higher-order shape portion that changes in shape with a higher-order function for the distance from the optical axis; and the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference are applied by the higher-order shape portion. 5. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 3, wherein:
the first region, the second region, and the third region have a refractive index variation portion that changes in refractive index with a higher-order function for the distance from the optical axis; and the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference are applied by the refractive index variation portion. 6. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 4, wherein:
the higher-order function includes a sinc function. 7. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the first region, the second region, and the third region include a phase difference forming surface that applies the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference to the light rays. 8. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference of a light ray passing on a first axis orthogonal to the optical axis are functions Δφ(r) with respect to a distance r of the light ray from the optical axis; and given that f is a focal length of the ophthalmic lens, λ, is a center wavelength of light used in the ophthalmic lens, n is a refractive index of the ophthalmic lens, g is a first constant larger than 0, sinc(x) is sin(πx)/(πx), and sincg(x) is a product of an absolute value of sinc(x) raised to the g-th power and a sign of sinc(x), the function Δφ(r) is represented by a function φ(r) written by equation (2) 9. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference of a light ray passing on a first axis orthogonal to the optical axis are functions Δφ(r) with respect to a distance r of the light ray from the optical axis; and given that f is a focal length of the ophthalmic lens, λ, is a center wavelength of light used in the ophthalmic lens, n is a refractive index of the ophthalmic lens, g is a first constant larger than 0, sinc(x) is sin(πx)/(πx), and sincg(x) is a product of an absolute value of sinc(x) raised to the g-th power and a sign of sinc(x), the function Δφ(r) is represented by a function φ(r) written by equation (4) 10. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference of a light ray passing on a first axis orthogonal to the optical axis are functions Δφ(r) with respect to a distance r of the light ray from the optical axis; and given that f is a focal length of the ophthalmic lens, λ is a center wavelength of light used in the ophthalmic lens, n is a refractive index of the ophthalmic lens, g is a first constant larger than 0, sinc(x) is sin(πx)/(πx), and sincg(x) is a product of an absolute value of sinc(x) raised to the g-th power and a sign of sinc(x), the function Δφ(r) is represented by a function φ(r) written by equation (6) 11. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference are rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis. 12. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the first phase difference, the second phase difference, and the third phase difference are multi-fold symmetric with respect to the optical axis. 13. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
J second factors Dj are represented by
Cj=Aj·cos2 θ+Bj·sin2θ 14. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 7, wherein:
the third phase difference in the third region varies such that its amplitude decreases based on a distance from the optical axis. 15. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the ophthalmic lens is an intraocular lens that is loaded into an eyeball, instead of a crystalline lens. 16. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein: the ophthalmic lens is an implantable contact lens loaded between an iris and a crystalline lens. 17. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the ophthalmic lens is a corneal inlay or a corneal onlay to be loaded into the cornea. 18. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the ophthalmic lens is a contact lens that contacts a cornea. 19. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 1, wherein:
the variation amplitude of the third phase difference is 70% or less of the first phase difference. 20. The ophthalmic lens according to claim 19, wherein:
a period of the variation in the radius r direction of the third phase difference in the third region is 0.1 to 1.0 mm. | 2,600 |
346,505 | 16,804,945 | 2,668 | An orthopedic implant comprising: (a) a distal femoral component comprising a first condyle bearing surface having a first profile comprising at least three consecutive arcs of curvature; and (b) a proximal tibial component comprising a first condyle bearing surface having a second profile comprising at least three parallel arcs of curvature. | 1. A microsurgical robot guide system comprising:
a cutting guide configured to be mounted to an anatomical structure so as to be positioned relative to an articulating surface of the anatomical structure, the cutting guide including a track having a shape derived from the articulating surface; and a robot including a carriage and a cutter mounted thereto, the robot coupled to the track via the carriage so as to be displaceable along the articulating surface upon the cutting guide being mounted to the anatomical structure, the carriage displaceable relative to the track with the cutter so as to follow a pathway conforming to an implant surface. 2. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 1, wherein the robot is arranged for automated resurfacing of the anatomical structure along the pathway. 3. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 1, further comprising a control arm coupled to the track and mounted to the carriage, the control arm manually displaceable along the track so as to displace the carriage therewith relative to the track. 4. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 1, wherein the robot has a servo motor operatively connected to the cutter, the servo motor arranged for sensing a position of the carriage relative to the track and for selectively operating the cutter according to the position of the carriage. 5. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 4, wherein the servo motor is configured so as to extend or retract the cutter relative to the carriage based on the position of the carriage. 6. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 4, wherein the servo motor is arranged for sensing a position of the cutter relative to the anatomical structure and to be controllably operable responsive to changes to the position of the cutter. 7. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 1, wherein the cutter is a rotatable drill bit. 8. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 1, wherein the cutting guide has a base joined to the track, the base adapted to be fastenable to the anatomical structure proximate the articular surface, the cutting guide configured to be mountable to the anatomical structure via fastening of the base thereto. 9. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 8, further comprising a placement guide including a frame connectable to the base and an alignment portion connected to the frame and having a shape matching that of the articulating surface, the placement guide being configured such that the base is positioned relative to the articulating surface upon the alignment portion being overlaid onto the articulating surface and the base being connected to the frame. 10. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 9, wherein the placement guide is configured such that upon the base being positioned relative to the articulating surface via the frame, the base is fastenable to the anatomical structure, and to be removable from the anatomical structure upon the frame being connected to the base fastened to the anatomical structure. 11. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 10, wherein the placement guide is configured for positioning the base relative to the articulating surface such that upon the cutting guide being mounted to the anatomical structure, the cutter is displaceable so as to follow the pathway unhindered. 12. A method of conducting orthopedic surgery on a body part using a surgical robot, the method comprising:
generating a three dimensional model (3D) of tissue to be removed from a bone, by obtaining a first three dimensional (3D) model of the body part prior to cutting, generating a second three dimensional (3D) model of the body part after cutting, and subtracting the second 3D model from the first 3D model; and using the 3D model of the tissue to be removed to contour the bone using the surgical robot. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising obtaining the first 3D model of the body part using one or more imaging modalities to produce the first 3D model of the body part, including the bone and cartilage on an articulating surface of the bone. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the bone is a femur, the method further comprising:
generating mediolateral contours of the femur by rotating a plane about the transepicondylar axis in increments; sampling cartilage surface points where the plane intersects the cartilage; and analysing the mediolateral contours and generating a contour map of an articulating surface of the femur formed by the cartilage surface points, and determining a cartilage thickness. 15. A robotic surgery system comprising:
a robot including a cutter and a guiding structure, wherein: the cutter being displaceably mounted to the guiding structure; the guiding structure configured to provide a tool path along which the cutter is three dimensionally displaceable relative to the guiding structure; and the guiding structure configured to be positioned relative to a bone with cartilage such that the tool path intersects the bone with cartilage; and a software package operative to control the robot, the software package configured for processing a model of the bone with cartilage and a model of the tool path, the software package configured to define: a selected patient-specific positioning of the guiding structure relative to the bone with cartilage, in which a portion of tissue to be removed from the bone with cartilage is inside the tool path; a selected cutting route of the cutter along the tool path; and a three dimensional model of the portion of tissue to be removed from the bone, wherein the software package is operatively connected to the robot to displace the cutter relative to the guiding structure such that, in the selected patient-specific positioning, the cutter is displaceable along the selected cutting route so as to contour the bone with cartilage based on the model of the portion of tissue to be removed. | An orthopedic implant comprising: (a) a distal femoral component comprising a first condyle bearing surface having a first profile comprising at least three consecutive arcs of curvature; and (b) a proximal tibial component comprising a first condyle bearing surface having a second profile comprising at least three parallel arcs of curvature.1. A microsurgical robot guide system comprising:
a cutting guide configured to be mounted to an anatomical structure so as to be positioned relative to an articulating surface of the anatomical structure, the cutting guide including a track having a shape derived from the articulating surface; and a robot including a carriage and a cutter mounted thereto, the robot coupled to the track via the carriage so as to be displaceable along the articulating surface upon the cutting guide being mounted to the anatomical structure, the carriage displaceable relative to the track with the cutter so as to follow a pathway conforming to an implant surface. 2. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 1, wherein the robot is arranged for automated resurfacing of the anatomical structure along the pathway. 3. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 1, further comprising a control arm coupled to the track and mounted to the carriage, the control arm manually displaceable along the track so as to displace the carriage therewith relative to the track. 4. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 1, wherein the robot has a servo motor operatively connected to the cutter, the servo motor arranged for sensing a position of the carriage relative to the track and for selectively operating the cutter according to the position of the carriage. 5. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 4, wherein the servo motor is configured so as to extend or retract the cutter relative to the carriage based on the position of the carriage. 6. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 4, wherein the servo motor is arranged for sensing a position of the cutter relative to the anatomical structure and to be controllably operable responsive to changes to the position of the cutter. 7. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 1, wherein the cutter is a rotatable drill bit. 8. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 1, wherein the cutting guide has a base joined to the track, the base adapted to be fastenable to the anatomical structure proximate the articular surface, the cutting guide configured to be mountable to the anatomical structure via fastening of the base thereto. 9. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 8, further comprising a placement guide including a frame connectable to the base and an alignment portion connected to the frame and having a shape matching that of the articulating surface, the placement guide being configured such that the base is positioned relative to the articulating surface upon the alignment portion being overlaid onto the articulating surface and the base being connected to the frame. 10. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 9, wherein the placement guide is configured such that upon the base being positioned relative to the articulating surface via the frame, the base is fastenable to the anatomical structure, and to be removable from the anatomical structure upon the frame being connected to the base fastened to the anatomical structure. 11. The microsurgical robot guide system of claim 10, wherein the placement guide is configured for positioning the base relative to the articulating surface such that upon the cutting guide being mounted to the anatomical structure, the cutter is displaceable so as to follow the pathway unhindered. 12. A method of conducting orthopedic surgery on a body part using a surgical robot, the method comprising:
generating a three dimensional model (3D) of tissue to be removed from a bone, by obtaining a first three dimensional (3D) model of the body part prior to cutting, generating a second three dimensional (3D) model of the body part after cutting, and subtracting the second 3D model from the first 3D model; and using the 3D model of the tissue to be removed to contour the bone using the surgical robot. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising obtaining the first 3D model of the body part using one or more imaging modalities to produce the first 3D model of the body part, including the bone and cartilage on an articulating surface of the bone. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the bone is a femur, the method further comprising:
generating mediolateral contours of the femur by rotating a plane about the transepicondylar axis in increments; sampling cartilage surface points where the plane intersects the cartilage; and analysing the mediolateral contours and generating a contour map of an articulating surface of the femur formed by the cartilage surface points, and determining a cartilage thickness. 15. A robotic surgery system comprising:
a robot including a cutter and a guiding structure, wherein: the cutter being displaceably mounted to the guiding structure; the guiding structure configured to provide a tool path along which the cutter is three dimensionally displaceable relative to the guiding structure; and the guiding structure configured to be positioned relative to a bone with cartilage such that the tool path intersects the bone with cartilage; and a software package operative to control the robot, the software package configured for processing a model of the bone with cartilage and a model of the tool path, the software package configured to define: a selected patient-specific positioning of the guiding structure relative to the bone with cartilage, in which a portion of tissue to be removed from the bone with cartilage is inside the tool path; a selected cutting route of the cutter along the tool path; and a three dimensional model of the portion of tissue to be removed from the bone, wherein the software package is operatively connected to the robot to displace the cutter relative to the guiding structure such that, in the selected patient-specific positioning, the cutter is displaceable along the selected cutting route so as to contour the bone with cartilage based on the model of the portion of tissue to be removed. | 2,600 |
346,506 | 16,804,981 | 2,668 | A method for processing a substrate includes forming a pattern on a substrate, supplying water to cover the pattern, and after the supplying the water, irradiating the pattern with light having a wavelength longer that which causes dissociation of water. A substrate processing apparatus of an embodiment includes a transfer chamber to receive a patterned substrate, a water supplying chamber to cover the pattern with water, and an irradiating chamber to irradiate a portion of the pattern with near-field light. | 1. A method for processing a substrate, comprising:
forming a pattern on a substrate; supplying water to cover the pattern; and after supplying the water, irradiating a portion of the pattern with a light having a wavelength that causes dissociation of the water. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the pattern is irradiated while the pattern is covered with water. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
removing the water on the pattern before irradiating the portion of the pattern with the light. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water is carbonated. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pattern is a resist pattern. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water is purified water. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein light is near-field light. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
spin-drying the substrate after supplying the water but before irradiating the portion of the pattern with the light. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a specific resistance value of the water at 23° C. is in a range of 0.1 MΩcm or more and 1.0 MΩcm. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the water is carbonated. 11. The method according to claim 1, the portion of the pattern is a convex portion. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein pattern has a lower line edge roughness after the irradiating of the portion of the pattern than before the irradiating of the portion. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the pattern is irradiated using an illumination device outputting light with a wavelength greater than 258 nm. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the pattern is irradiated with a near-field exposure device outputting a wavelength longer than 258 nm. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the pattern is irradiated in a chamber in which a pressure is less than an atmospheric pressure. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the liquid is supplied in a first chamber and the portion of the pattern is irradiated in a second chamber. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein a half pitch of the pattern is greater than 10 nm. 18. A substrate processing apparatus, comprising:
a transfer chamber configured to receive a substrate having a pattern formed thereon; a water supply chamber configured to cover the pattern with water; and an irradiation chamber configured to irradiate a portion of the pattern with near-field light having a wavelength that causes dissociation of water. 19. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:
a spin-drying apparatus configured to receive the substrate from the water supply chamber and spin dry the substrate. 20. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:
an alignment chamber configured to receive the substrate from the transfer chamber and determine an edge position of the substrate using light. | A method for processing a substrate includes forming a pattern on a substrate, supplying water to cover the pattern, and after the supplying the water, irradiating the pattern with light having a wavelength longer that which causes dissociation of water. A substrate processing apparatus of an embodiment includes a transfer chamber to receive a patterned substrate, a water supplying chamber to cover the pattern with water, and an irradiating chamber to irradiate a portion of the pattern with near-field light.1. A method for processing a substrate, comprising:
forming a pattern on a substrate; supplying water to cover the pattern; and after supplying the water, irradiating a portion of the pattern with a light having a wavelength that causes dissociation of the water. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the pattern is irradiated while the pattern is covered with water. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
removing the water on the pattern before irradiating the portion of the pattern with the light. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water is carbonated. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pattern is a resist pattern. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water is purified water. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein light is near-field light. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
spin-drying the substrate after supplying the water but before irradiating the portion of the pattern with the light. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a specific resistance value of the water at 23° C. is in a range of 0.1 MΩcm or more and 1.0 MΩcm. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the water is carbonated. 11. The method according to claim 1, the portion of the pattern is a convex portion. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein pattern has a lower line edge roughness after the irradiating of the portion of the pattern than before the irradiating of the portion. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the pattern is irradiated using an illumination device outputting light with a wavelength greater than 258 nm. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the pattern is irradiated with a near-field exposure device outputting a wavelength longer than 258 nm. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the pattern is irradiated in a chamber in which a pressure is less than an atmospheric pressure. 16. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the liquid is supplied in a first chamber and the portion of the pattern is irradiated in a second chamber. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein a half pitch of the pattern is greater than 10 nm. 18. A substrate processing apparatus, comprising:
a transfer chamber configured to receive a substrate having a pattern formed thereon; a water supply chamber configured to cover the pattern with water; and an irradiation chamber configured to irradiate a portion of the pattern with near-field light having a wavelength that causes dissociation of water. 19. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:
a spin-drying apparatus configured to receive the substrate from the water supply chamber and spin dry the substrate. 20. The substrate processing apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising:
an alignment chamber configured to receive the substrate from the transfer chamber and determine an edge position of the substrate using light. | 2,600 |
346,507 | 16,804,912 | 2,668 | The cartridge includes a photosensitive drum, a discharge opening configured to discharge the toner removed from the photosensitive drum toward the main assembly side feeding member, and a coupling member configured to transmit the rotational force to the main assembly side feeding member. The coupling member is movable between a first position for transmitting the rotational force to the main assembly side feeding member and a second position retracted from the first position. | 1-161. (canceled) 162. A process cartridge comprising:
a frame including a first chamber and a second chamber; a photosensitive drum supported by the frame, the photosensitive drum being rotatable about an axis thereof, and a part of the photosensitive drum being positioned in the first chamber; toner contained in the second chamber; a developing roller configured to develop a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum with the toner contained in the second chamber; a first coupling member including a projection that is exposed to outside of the process cartridge; and a second coupling member provided adjacent to an opening in the process cartridge, the second coupling member including (i) a shaft and (ii) a projection at an end of the second coupling member, the second coupling member being movable between a first position and a second position, with the projection of the second coupling member being closer to the axis of the photosensitive drum when the second coupling member is in the second position, wherein the first coupling member is operatively connected to the developing roller and the second coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to the developing roller and the second coupling member, and wherein the first chamber is in fluid communication with the opening, with the second coupling member forming at least a part of a passageway through which the toner can move from the first chamber to the opening. 163. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a supplying roller configured to supply the toner to the developing roller,
wherein the first coupling member is operatively connected to the supplying roller such that the rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to the supplying roller. 164. The process cartridge of claim 163, wherein the supplying roller includes a shaft, and the first coupling member is attached to the shaft of the supplying roller. 165. The process cartridge of claim 163, further comprising a stirring member configured to move the toner from the second chamber toward the supplying roller. 166. The process cartridge of claim 163, wherein, when the process cartridge is oriented with the photosensitive drum positioned an upper side of the process cartridge, the developing roller, and the supplying roller are positioned above the stirring member. 167. The process cartridge of claim 162, wherein the first coupling member, the second coupling member, and the opening are positioned at the same side of the process cartridge with respect to an axial direction of the photosensitive drum. 168. The process cartridge of claim 162, wherein the opening is configured to discharge the toner in a downward direction when the process cartridge is oriented with the photosensitive drum positioned on an upper side of the process cartridge. 169. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising gears configured to transmit the rotational force from the first coupling member to the second coupling member. 170. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a toner feeding screw configured to move the toner in the chamber and operatively connected to the first coupling member such that the rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to the toner feeding screw. 171. The process cartridge of claim 170, wherein the toner feeding screw is configured to transmit the rotational force from the first coupling member to the second coupling member. 172. The process cartridge of claim 170, further comprising a rotatable transmission member configured to transmit the rotational force from the toner feeding screw to the second coupling member. 173. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a third coupling member operatively connected to the photosensitive drum such that the third coupling member is capable of transmitting a rotational force to the photosensitive drum,
wherein the first coupling member, the second coupling member, the third coupling member, and the opening are at the same side of the cartridge. 174. The process cartridge of claim 162, wherein the second coupling member is movable between the first position and the second position in an axial direction of the coupling member. 175. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a pipe that is in fluid communication with the first chamber and defines the opening,
wherein at least a part of the second coupling member is positioned inside of the pipe, and the second coupling member is movable between the first position and the second position along with movement of the pipe. 176. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a spring to urge the second coupling member to the first position. 177. A cartridge comprising:
a frame; a rotatable member supported by the frame; a first coupling member operatively connected to the rotatable member such that the first coupling member is capable of transmitting a rotational force to the rotatable member, the first coupling member including a projection that is exposed to outside of the cartridge; and a toner feeding screw rotatably supported by the frame, the toner feeding screw being configured to move toner in the cartridge; and a second coupling member including a projection at an end of the second coupling member, wherein the first coupling member is operatively connected to the toner feeding screw and the second coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to toner feeding screw and the second coupling member. 178. The cartridge of claim 177, wherein the rotatable member is configured to bear toner on a surface thereof. 179. The cartridge of claim 177, further comprising (i) a photosensitive drum and (ii) toner contained in the frame,
wherein the rotatable member is a developing roller configured to develop a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum with the toner. 180. The cartridge of claim 179, further comprising a supplying roller configured to supply the toner to the developing roller, the supplying roller operatively connected to the first coupling member and the developing roller such that the supplying roller is capable of transmitting the rotational force from the first coupling member to the developing roller. 181. The cartridge of claim 179, further comprising a cleaning blade contacting a surface of the photosensitive drum and configured to remove toner from the surface. 182. The cartridge of claim 179, wherein the second coupling member includes a shaft formed about an axis of the second coupling member, and
wherein, as seen along an axis of the photosensitive drum, the axis of the photosensitive drum and an axis of the toner feeding screw are positioned on opposite sides of the axis of the second coupling member. 183. The cartridge of claim 179, wherein the frame includes a first frame supporting the photosensitive drum, and a second frame supporting the developing roller and containing the toner. 184. The cartridge of claim 177, wherein the toner feeding screw is operatively connected to the second coupling member such that the rotational force can be transmitted from the toner feeding screw to the second coupling member. 185. The cartridge of claim 177, further comprising a rotatable transmission member configured to transmit the rotational force from the toner feeding screw to the second coupling member. 186. The cartridge of claim 185, wherein the transmission member includes projections positioned about an axis of the transmission member, the projections being engageable with the toner feeding screw. 187. The cartridge of claim 185, wherein the toner feeding screw includes (i) a first screw portion and (ii) a second screw portion that is shorter than the first screw portion, and
wherein the first screw portion and the second screw portion are configured to move toner in opposite directions, and the projections of the transmission member are engageable with the second screw portion. 188. The cartridge of claim 185, the transmission member includes an opening through which toner can move. 189. The cartridge of claim 185, wherein the second coupling member includes a shaft, and the shaft of the second coupling member is configured to receive the rotational force by contacting the transmission member. 190. The cartridge of claim 177, further comprising gears configured to transmit the rotational force from the first coupling member to the second coupling member. 191. The cartridge of claim 177, wherein the second coupling member includes a shaft, with the shaft including a cylindrical portion positioned about an axis of the second coupling member and an extension extending from the cylindrical portion and away from the projection of the second coupling member in an axial direction of the second coupling member. | The cartridge includes a photosensitive drum, a discharge opening configured to discharge the toner removed from the photosensitive drum toward the main assembly side feeding member, and a coupling member configured to transmit the rotational force to the main assembly side feeding member. The coupling member is movable between a first position for transmitting the rotational force to the main assembly side feeding member and a second position retracted from the first position.1-161. (canceled) 162. A process cartridge comprising:
a frame including a first chamber and a second chamber; a photosensitive drum supported by the frame, the photosensitive drum being rotatable about an axis thereof, and a part of the photosensitive drum being positioned in the first chamber; toner contained in the second chamber; a developing roller configured to develop a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum with the toner contained in the second chamber; a first coupling member including a projection that is exposed to outside of the process cartridge; and a second coupling member provided adjacent to an opening in the process cartridge, the second coupling member including (i) a shaft and (ii) a projection at an end of the second coupling member, the second coupling member being movable between a first position and a second position, with the projection of the second coupling member being closer to the axis of the photosensitive drum when the second coupling member is in the second position, wherein the first coupling member is operatively connected to the developing roller and the second coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to the developing roller and the second coupling member, and wherein the first chamber is in fluid communication with the opening, with the second coupling member forming at least a part of a passageway through which the toner can move from the first chamber to the opening. 163. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a supplying roller configured to supply the toner to the developing roller,
wherein the first coupling member is operatively connected to the supplying roller such that the rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to the supplying roller. 164. The process cartridge of claim 163, wherein the supplying roller includes a shaft, and the first coupling member is attached to the shaft of the supplying roller. 165. The process cartridge of claim 163, further comprising a stirring member configured to move the toner from the second chamber toward the supplying roller. 166. The process cartridge of claim 163, wherein, when the process cartridge is oriented with the photosensitive drum positioned an upper side of the process cartridge, the developing roller, and the supplying roller are positioned above the stirring member. 167. The process cartridge of claim 162, wherein the first coupling member, the second coupling member, and the opening are positioned at the same side of the process cartridge with respect to an axial direction of the photosensitive drum. 168. The process cartridge of claim 162, wherein the opening is configured to discharge the toner in a downward direction when the process cartridge is oriented with the photosensitive drum positioned on an upper side of the process cartridge. 169. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising gears configured to transmit the rotational force from the first coupling member to the second coupling member. 170. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a toner feeding screw configured to move the toner in the chamber and operatively connected to the first coupling member such that the rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to the toner feeding screw. 171. The process cartridge of claim 170, wherein the toner feeding screw is configured to transmit the rotational force from the first coupling member to the second coupling member. 172. The process cartridge of claim 170, further comprising a rotatable transmission member configured to transmit the rotational force from the toner feeding screw to the second coupling member. 173. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a third coupling member operatively connected to the photosensitive drum such that the third coupling member is capable of transmitting a rotational force to the photosensitive drum,
wherein the first coupling member, the second coupling member, the third coupling member, and the opening are at the same side of the cartridge. 174. The process cartridge of claim 162, wherein the second coupling member is movable between the first position and the second position in an axial direction of the coupling member. 175. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a pipe that is in fluid communication with the first chamber and defines the opening,
wherein at least a part of the second coupling member is positioned inside of the pipe, and the second coupling member is movable between the first position and the second position along with movement of the pipe. 176. The process cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a spring to urge the second coupling member to the first position. 177. A cartridge comprising:
a frame; a rotatable member supported by the frame; a first coupling member operatively connected to the rotatable member such that the first coupling member is capable of transmitting a rotational force to the rotatable member, the first coupling member including a projection that is exposed to outside of the cartridge; and a toner feeding screw rotatably supported by the frame, the toner feeding screw being configured to move toner in the cartridge; and a second coupling member including a projection at an end of the second coupling member, wherein the first coupling member is operatively connected to the toner feeding screw and the second coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to toner feeding screw and the second coupling member. 178. The cartridge of claim 177, wherein the rotatable member is configured to bear toner on a surface thereof. 179. The cartridge of claim 177, further comprising (i) a photosensitive drum and (ii) toner contained in the frame,
wherein the rotatable member is a developing roller configured to develop a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum with the toner. 180. The cartridge of claim 179, further comprising a supplying roller configured to supply the toner to the developing roller, the supplying roller operatively connected to the first coupling member and the developing roller such that the supplying roller is capable of transmitting the rotational force from the first coupling member to the developing roller. 181. The cartridge of claim 179, further comprising a cleaning blade contacting a surface of the photosensitive drum and configured to remove toner from the surface. 182. The cartridge of claim 179, wherein the second coupling member includes a shaft formed about an axis of the second coupling member, and
wherein, as seen along an axis of the photosensitive drum, the axis of the photosensitive drum and an axis of the toner feeding screw are positioned on opposite sides of the axis of the second coupling member. 183. The cartridge of claim 179, wherein the frame includes a first frame supporting the photosensitive drum, and a second frame supporting the developing roller and containing the toner. 184. The cartridge of claim 177, wherein the toner feeding screw is operatively connected to the second coupling member such that the rotational force can be transmitted from the toner feeding screw to the second coupling member. 185. The cartridge of claim 177, further comprising a rotatable transmission member configured to transmit the rotational force from the toner feeding screw to the second coupling member. 186. The cartridge of claim 185, wherein the transmission member includes projections positioned about an axis of the transmission member, the projections being engageable with the toner feeding screw. 187. The cartridge of claim 185, wherein the toner feeding screw includes (i) a first screw portion and (ii) a second screw portion that is shorter than the first screw portion, and
wherein the first screw portion and the second screw portion are configured to move toner in opposite directions, and the projections of the transmission member are engageable with the second screw portion. 188. The cartridge of claim 185, the transmission member includes an opening through which toner can move. 189. The cartridge of claim 185, wherein the second coupling member includes a shaft, and the shaft of the second coupling member is configured to receive the rotational force by contacting the transmission member. 190. The cartridge of claim 177, further comprising gears configured to transmit the rotational force from the first coupling member to the second coupling member. 191. The cartridge of claim 177, wherein the second coupling member includes a shaft, with the shaft including a cylindrical portion positioned about an axis of the second coupling member and an extension extending from the cylindrical portion and away from the projection of the second coupling member in an axial direction of the second coupling member. | 2,600 |
346,508 | 16,804,977 | 2,875 | An operating component to operate a device includes a component body with a side face and as a front face arranged on the component body and being suited for being at least partly illuminated by at least one light source, a light guide made of clear and transparent material, and a reflector arranged in the component body, with the light guide receiving light from the light source and directing the light to the reflector arranged underneath the front face. | 1. An operating component to operate a device, comprising:
a component body with a side face and as a front face arranged on the component body and being suited for being at least partly illuminated by at least one light source; a light guide made of clear and transparent material; and a reflector arranged in the component body, with the light guide receiving light from the light source and directing the light to the reflector arranged underneath the front face, wherein the reflector is a diffuse reflector and is suitably shaped to direct the light received from the light guide to the front face, wherein the front face comprises a clear outer shell directed to an environment of the operating component and an opaque inner shell underneath the outer shell towards the reflector, wherein the inner shell comprises at least one transparent area to transmit the light through the front face, and wherein the light guide extends from the light source as a pipe-like light channel towards the front face in a first section and, in a second section, the light guide expands in the shape of a cup with an edge bulging out with the light being guided along an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the front face into the component body. 2. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
the light source is arranged along the axis of symmetry, or the first section of the light guide extends along the axis of symmetry with the second section of the light guide expanding out in the radial direction from the axis of symmetry. 3. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the reflector frames at least an outer edge of the second section of the light guide radially to the axis of symmetry with a framing area. 4. The operating component according to claim 3, wherein the reflector is shaped to continue the contour of the second section of the light guide from the outer edge, and
wherein at least one of the reflector is bent towards the front face following the reflector in radial direction from the axis of symmetry or the reflector has a grooved contour to the front face. 5. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the reflector covers at least the second section of the light guide on a side directing away from the axis of symmetry which is not directed towards the front face with a covering area. 6. The operating component according to claim 5, wherein the reflector comprises a step in its contour between the framing area and the covering area as a step area covering the outer edge of the light guide. 7. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the edge bulging of the light guide comprises a peak point at a first radial distance to the axis of symmetry having a distance to the front face being smaller than the distance of the light guide at least at radial distances being larger than the first radial distance. 8. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the inner shell comprises multiple transparent areas in form of a pattern to transmit the light through the front face. 9. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
one or more of at least the front face is 2K molded using transparent polycarbonate for the outer shell and opaque polycarbonate for the inner shell outside the transparent areas, or the light guide is made of clear and transparent PMMA, or the reflector is made of diffusing plastic. 10. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
the operating component is adapted to be a rotatable component to be rotated around a rotational axis as the axis of symmetry, or the front face is rotationally symmetrical. 11. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the operating component has a circular geometry with a cylindrical side face, and
wherein the front face has a circular cross-section with the front face being shaped as a circle being bent towards the environment. 12. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the reflector is shaped as a ring around the light guide, with the edge bulging of the light guide being symmetrically shaped with a dome-like contour. 13. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the light source is arranged at the rotational axis separately from a rotating part of the operating component, and
wherein at least the light guide, the reflector, and the front face are part of the rotating part. 14. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the light source is a solid state lighting source including a LED or an array of LEDs. 15. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the operating component further comprises a first capacitive switch, and
wherein a transmissive or transparent first conductive layer is applied on top of the outer shell of the front face suitably connected with a control unit detecting a first capacitive change in case of an object or a finger approaching the first conductive layer. 16. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein the control unit is adapted to switch on the light source to illuminate a pattern provided by the front face. 17. The operating component according to claim 16, wherein the conductive layer covers the entire outer shell of the front face. 18. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein the operating component further comprises at least one second capacitive switch only covering at least some of the transparent areas of the front face being illuminated after having switched on the light of the light source by the first capacitive switch, and a plurality of second conductive switches are covering each of the transparent areas as separate second conductive switches. 19. The operating component according to claim 18, wherein the inner shell comprises a stack of layers establishing the second capacitive switch, the stack comprising a bendable layer on top of an opaque mask comprising the transparent areas of the front face,
wherein the transparent areas are established by cutouts in the opaque mask, wherein a transmissive or transparent second conductive layer is arranged underneath the opaque mask at least covering the cutouts, wherein a second capacitive change between first and second conductive layers is detected by the control unit, and wherein the bendable layer bends at least in the vicinity of the cutouts by applying a force to the front face in the vicinity of the illuminated cutouts. 20. The operating component according to claim 19, wherein the control unit is adapted to initiate another function in response to detecting the second capacitive change of the second capacitive switch. 21. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein a protective or decorative coating is applied on top of the first conductive layer. 22. A device, comprising at least one operating component according to claim 1, the device being a whitegoods device, consumer goods device, or an operator panel in a vehicle. | An operating component to operate a device includes a component body with a side face and as a front face arranged on the component body and being suited for being at least partly illuminated by at least one light source, a light guide made of clear and transparent material, and a reflector arranged in the component body, with the light guide receiving light from the light source and directing the light to the reflector arranged underneath the front face.1. An operating component to operate a device, comprising:
a component body with a side face and as a front face arranged on the component body and being suited for being at least partly illuminated by at least one light source; a light guide made of clear and transparent material; and a reflector arranged in the component body, with the light guide receiving light from the light source and directing the light to the reflector arranged underneath the front face, wherein the reflector is a diffuse reflector and is suitably shaped to direct the light received from the light guide to the front face, wherein the front face comprises a clear outer shell directed to an environment of the operating component and an opaque inner shell underneath the outer shell towards the reflector, wherein the inner shell comprises at least one transparent area to transmit the light through the front face, and wherein the light guide extends from the light source as a pipe-like light channel towards the front face in a first section and, in a second section, the light guide expands in the shape of a cup with an edge bulging out with the light being guided along an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the front face into the component body. 2. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
the light source is arranged along the axis of symmetry, or the first section of the light guide extends along the axis of symmetry with the second section of the light guide expanding out in the radial direction from the axis of symmetry. 3. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the reflector frames at least an outer edge of the second section of the light guide radially to the axis of symmetry with a framing area. 4. The operating component according to claim 3, wherein the reflector is shaped to continue the contour of the second section of the light guide from the outer edge, and
wherein at least one of the reflector is bent towards the front face following the reflector in radial direction from the axis of symmetry or the reflector has a grooved contour to the front face. 5. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the reflector covers at least the second section of the light guide on a side directing away from the axis of symmetry which is not directed towards the front face with a covering area. 6. The operating component according to claim 5, wherein the reflector comprises a step in its contour between the framing area and the covering area as a step area covering the outer edge of the light guide. 7. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the edge bulging of the light guide comprises a peak point at a first radial distance to the axis of symmetry having a distance to the front face being smaller than the distance of the light guide at least at radial distances being larger than the first radial distance. 8. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the inner shell comprises multiple transparent areas in form of a pattern to transmit the light through the front face. 9. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
one or more of at least the front face is 2K molded using transparent polycarbonate for the outer shell and opaque polycarbonate for the inner shell outside the transparent areas, or the light guide is made of clear and transparent PMMA, or the reflector is made of diffusing plastic. 10. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
the operating component is adapted to be a rotatable component to be rotated around a rotational axis as the axis of symmetry, or the front face is rotationally symmetrical. 11. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the operating component has a circular geometry with a cylindrical side face, and
wherein the front face has a circular cross-section with the front face being shaped as a circle being bent towards the environment. 12. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the reflector is shaped as a ring around the light guide, with the edge bulging of the light guide being symmetrically shaped with a dome-like contour. 13. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the light source is arranged at the rotational axis separately from a rotating part of the operating component, and
wherein at least the light guide, the reflector, and the front face are part of the rotating part. 14. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the light source is a solid state lighting source including a LED or an array of LEDs. 15. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the operating component further comprises a first capacitive switch, and
wherein a transmissive or transparent first conductive layer is applied on top of the outer shell of the front face suitably connected with a control unit detecting a first capacitive change in case of an object or a finger approaching the first conductive layer. 16. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein the control unit is adapted to switch on the light source to illuminate a pattern provided by the front face. 17. The operating component according to claim 16, wherein the conductive layer covers the entire outer shell of the front face. 18. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein the operating component further comprises at least one second capacitive switch only covering at least some of the transparent areas of the front face being illuminated after having switched on the light of the light source by the first capacitive switch, and a plurality of second conductive switches are covering each of the transparent areas as separate second conductive switches. 19. The operating component according to claim 18, wherein the inner shell comprises a stack of layers establishing the second capacitive switch, the stack comprising a bendable layer on top of an opaque mask comprising the transparent areas of the front face,
wherein the transparent areas are established by cutouts in the opaque mask, wherein a transmissive or transparent second conductive layer is arranged underneath the opaque mask at least covering the cutouts, wherein a second capacitive change between first and second conductive layers is detected by the control unit, and wherein the bendable layer bends at least in the vicinity of the cutouts by applying a force to the front face in the vicinity of the illuminated cutouts. 20. The operating component according to claim 19, wherein the control unit is adapted to initiate another function in response to detecting the second capacitive change of the second capacitive switch. 21. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein a protective or decorative coating is applied on top of the first conductive layer. 22. A device, comprising at least one operating component according to claim 1, the device being a whitegoods device, consumer goods device, or an operator panel in a vehicle. | 2,800 |
346,509 | 16,804,963 | 2,875 | An operating component to operate a device includes a component body with a side face and as a front face arranged on the component body and being suited for being at least partly illuminated by at least one light source, a light guide made of clear and transparent material, and a reflector arranged in the component body, with the light guide receiving light from the light source and directing the light to the reflector arranged underneath the front face. | 1. An operating component to operate a device, comprising:
a component body with a side face and as a front face arranged on the component body and being suited for being at least partly illuminated by at least one light source; a light guide made of clear and transparent material; and a reflector arranged in the component body, with the light guide receiving light from the light source and directing the light to the reflector arranged underneath the front face, wherein the reflector is a diffuse reflector and is suitably shaped to direct the light received from the light guide to the front face, wherein the front face comprises a clear outer shell directed to an environment of the operating component and an opaque inner shell underneath the outer shell towards the reflector, wherein the inner shell comprises at least one transparent area to transmit the light through the front face, and wherein the light guide extends from the light source as a pipe-like light channel towards the front face in a first section and, in a second section, the light guide expands in the shape of a cup with an edge bulging out with the light being guided along an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the front face into the component body. 2. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
the light source is arranged along the axis of symmetry, or the first section of the light guide extends along the axis of symmetry with the second section of the light guide expanding out in the radial direction from the axis of symmetry. 3. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the reflector frames at least an outer edge of the second section of the light guide radially to the axis of symmetry with a framing area. 4. The operating component according to claim 3, wherein the reflector is shaped to continue the contour of the second section of the light guide from the outer edge, and
wherein at least one of the reflector is bent towards the front face following the reflector in radial direction from the axis of symmetry or the reflector has a grooved contour to the front face. 5. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the reflector covers at least the second section of the light guide on a side directing away from the axis of symmetry which is not directed towards the front face with a covering area. 6. The operating component according to claim 5, wherein the reflector comprises a step in its contour between the framing area and the covering area as a step area covering the outer edge of the light guide. 7. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the edge bulging of the light guide comprises a peak point at a first radial distance to the axis of symmetry having a distance to the front face being smaller than the distance of the light guide at least at radial distances being larger than the first radial distance. 8. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the inner shell comprises multiple transparent areas in form of a pattern to transmit the light through the front face. 9. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
one or more of at least the front face is 2K molded using transparent polycarbonate for the outer shell and opaque polycarbonate for the inner shell outside the transparent areas, or the light guide is made of clear and transparent PMMA, or the reflector is made of diffusing plastic. 10. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
the operating component is adapted to be a rotatable component to be rotated around a rotational axis as the axis of symmetry, or the front face is rotationally symmetrical. 11. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the operating component has a circular geometry with a cylindrical side face, and
wherein the front face has a circular cross-section with the front face being shaped as a circle being bent towards the environment. 12. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the reflector is shaped as a ring around the light guide, with the edge bulging of the light guide being symmetrically shaped with a dome-like contour. 13. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the light source is arranged at the rotational axis separately from a rotating part of the operating component, and
wherein at least the light guide, the reflector, and the front face are part of the rotating part. 14. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the light source is a solid state lighting source including a LED or an array of LEDs. 15. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the operating component further comprises a first capacitive switch, and
wherein a transmissive or transparent first conductive layer is applied on top of the outer shell of the front face suitably connected with a control unit detecting a first capacitive change in case of an object or a finger approaching the first conductive layer. 16. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein the control unit is adapted to switch on the light source to illuminate a pattern provided by the front face. 17. The operating component according to claim 16, wherein the conductive layer covers the entire outer shell of the front face. 18. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein the operating component further comprises at least one second capacitive switch only covering at least some of the transparent areas of the front face being illuminated after having switched on the light of the light source by the first capacitive switch, and a plurality of second conductive switches are covering each of the transparent areas as separate second conductive switches. 19. The operating component according to claim 18, wherein the inner shell comprises a stack of layers establishing the second capacitive switch, the stack comprising a bendable layer on top of an opaque mask comprising the transparent areas of the front face,
wherein the transparent areas are established by cutouts in the opaque mask, wherein a transmissive or transparent second conductive layer is arranged underneath the opaque mask at least covering the cutouts, wherein a second capacitive change between first and second conductive layers is detected by the control unit, and wherein the bendable layer bends at least in the vicinity of the cutouts by applying a force to the front face in the vicinity of the illuminated cutouts. 20. The operating component according to claim 19, wherein the control unit is adapted to initiate another function in response to detecting the second capacitive change of the second capacitive switch. 21. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein a protective or decorative coating is applied on top of the first conductive layer. 22. A device, comprising at least one operating component according to claim 1, the device being a whitegoods device, consumer goods device, or an operator panel in a vehicle. | An operating component to operate a device includes a component body with a side face and as a front face arranged on the component body and being suited for being at least partly illuminated by at least one light source, a light guide made of clear and transparent material, and a reflector arranged in the component body, with the light guide receiving light from the light source and directing the light to the reflector arranged underneath the front face.1. An operating component to operate a device, comprising:
a component body with a side face and as a front face arranged on the component body and being suited for being at least partly illuminated by at least one light source; a light guide made of clear and transparent material; and a reflector arranged in the component body, with the light guide receiving light from the light source and directing the light to the reflector arranged underneath the front face, wherein the reflector is a diffuse reflector and is suitably shaped to direct the light received from the light guide to the front face, wherein the front face comprises a clear outer shell directed to an environment of the operating component and an opaque inner shell underneath the outer shell towards the reflector, wherein the inner shell comprises at least one transparent area to transmit the light through the front face, and wherein the light guide extends from the light source as a pipe-like light channel towards the front face in a first section and, in a second section, the light guide expands in the shape of a cup with an edge bulging out with the light being guided along an axis of symmetry perpendicular to the front face into the component body. 2. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
the light source is arranged along the axis of symmetry, or the first section of the light guide extends along the axis of symmetry with the second section of the light guide expanding out in the radial direction from the axis of symmetry. 3. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the reflector frames at least an outer edge of the second section of the light guide radially to the axis of symmetry with a framing area. 4. The operating component according to claim 3, wherein the reflector is shaped to continue the contour of the second section of the light guide from the outer edge, and
wherein at least one of the reflector is bent towards the front face following the reflector in radial direction from the axis of symmetry or the reflector has a grooved contour to the front face. 5. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the reflector covers at least the second section of the light guide on a side directing away from the axis of symmetry which is not directed towards the front face with a covering area. 6. The operating component according to claim 5, wherein the reflector comprises a step in its contour between the framing area and the covering area as a step area covering the outer edge of the light guide. 7. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the edge bulging of the light guide comprises a peak point at a first radial distance to the axis of symmetry having a distance to the front face being smaller than the distance of the light guide at least at radial distances being larger than the first radial distance. 8. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the inner shell comprises multiple transparent areas in form of a pattern to transmit the light through the front face. 9. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
one or more of at least the front face is 2K molded using transparent polycarbonate for the outer shell and opaque polycarbonate for the inner shell outside the transparent areas, or the light guide is made of clear and transparent PMMA, or the reflector is made of diffusing plastic. 10. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein at least one of
the operating component is adapted to be a rotatable component to be rotated around a rotational axis as the axis of symmetry, or the front face is rotationally symmetrical. 11. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the operating component has a circular geometry with a cylindrical side face, and
wherein the front face has a circular cross-section with the front face being shaped as a circle being bent towards the environment. 12. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the reflector is shaped as a ring around the light guide, with the edge bulging of the light guide being symmetrically shaped with a dome-like contour. 13. The operating component according to claim 10, wherein the light source is arranged at the rotational axis separately from a rotating part of the operating component, and
wherein at least the light guide, the reflector, and the front face are part of the rotating part. 14. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the light source is a solid state lighting source including a LED or an array of LEDs. 15. The operating component according to claim 1, wherein the operating component further comprises a first capacitive switch, and
wherein a transmissive or transparent first conductive layer is applied on top of the outer shell of the front face suitably connected with a control unit detecting a first capacitive change in case of an object or a finger approaching the first conductive layer. 16. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein the control unit is adapted to switch on the light source to illuminate a pattern provided by the front face. 17. The operating component according to claim 16, wherein the conductive layer covers the entire outer shell of the front face. 18. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein the operating component further comprises at least one second capacitive switch only covering at least some of the transparent areas of the front face being illuminated after having switched on the light of the light source by the first capacitive switch, and a plurality of second conductive switches are covering each of the transparent areas as separate second conductive switches. 19. The operating component according to claim 18, wherein the inner shell comprises a stack of layers establishing the second capacitive switch, the stack comprising a bendable layer on top of an opaque mask comprising the transparent areas of the front face,
wherein the transparent areas are established by cutouts in the opaque mask, wherein a transmissive or transparent second conductive layer is arranged underneath the opaque mask at least covering the cutouts, wherein a second capacitive change between first and second conductive layers is detected by the control unit, and wherein the bendable layer bends at least in the vicinity of the cutouts by applying a force to the front face in the vicinity of the illuminated cutouts. 20. The operating component according to claim 19, wherein the control unit is adapted to initiate another function in response to detecting the second capacitive change of the second capacitive switch. 21. The operating component according to claim 15, wherein a protective or decorative coating is applied on top of the first conductive layer. 22. A device, comprising at least one operating component according to claim 1, the device being a whitegoods device, consumer goods device, or an operator panel in a vehicle. | 2,800 |
346,510 | 16,804,960 | 2,875 | A synchronous packet-processing pipeline whose data paths are populated with data-plane stateful processing units (DSPUs) is provided. A DSPU is a programmable processor whose operations are synchronous with the dataflow of the packet-processing pipeline. A DSPU performs every computation with fixed latency. Each DSPU is capable of maintaining a set of states and perform its computations based on its maintained set of states. The programming of a DSPU determines how and when the DSPU updates one of its maintained states. Such programming may configure the DSPU to update the state based on its received packet data, or to change the state regardless of the received packet data. | 1. Circuitry for use in a network switch, the network switch being for use, when the network switch is in operation, in generating, based at least in part upon at least one received packet, at least one outgoing packet, the circuitry comprising:
at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline comprising a plurality of pipeline stages that are programmable, at least in part, the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline being for use in (1) modifying, at least in part, the at least one received packet to generate the at least one outgoing packet, and (2) forwarding the at least one outgoing packet from the network switch, the plurality of pipeline stages comprising:
at least one parser stage to parse and identify, at least in part, header field information of the at least one received packet;
match-action stages to match and modify, at least in part, the header field information based, at least in part, upon match-action table information, to generate modified header field information; and
at least one other stage to generate, at least in part, the at least one outgoing packet based, at least in part upon the modified header field information;
wherein:
when the circuitry is in operation, the circuitry is to receive at least one set of instructions for use in programming, at least in part, the plurality of pipeline stages to perform packet processing algorithms to generate the at least one outgoing packet;
the at least one set of instructions is to be generated based, at least in part, upon compilation of text-based source code that specifies, at least in part, the packet processing algorithms; and
when the circuitry is in the operation, the circuitry is to collect packet-related information for use in network management-related operations. 2. The circuitry of claim 1, wherein:
the text-based source code is based, at least in part, upon:
a subset of C programming language;
P4 programming language; or
Python programming language. 3. The circuitry of claim 2, wherein:
the subset of C programming language comprises struct fields. 4. The circuitry of claim 3, wherein:
an application specific integrated circuit comprises the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 5. The circuitry of claim 4, wherein:
the subset of C programming language also comprises an if-then statement. 6. The circuitry of claim 5, wherein:
the header field information of the at least one received packet comprises packet flow five-tuple-related information. 7. The circuitry of claim 6, wherein:
the at least one set of instructions is usable with a configuration synthesis tool for use in synthesizing configuration of at least a portion of the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 8. The circuitry of claim 7, wherein:
the compilation is to be generated, at least in part, by a compiler; and in event that the compiler is unable to generate the at least one set of instructions for the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline, the compiler is to indicate compiler error. 9. The circuitry of claim 7, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform synthesis and executability operations related to different pipeline processor designs. 10. The circuitry of claim 7, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform operations related to generating the at least one set of instructions based, at least in part, upon a user-specified template or partial program; and the operations relate, at least in part, to supplementing the user-specified template or partial program. 11. The circuitry of claim 6, wherein:
the packet-related information relates, at least in part, to packet and ports; and the network management-related operations relate, at least in part, to managing the network switch and a network. 12. The circuitry of claim 6, further comprising:
the network switch. 13. At least one non-transient machine readable storage medium storing program instructions for being executed by circuitry for use in a network switch, the network switch being for use, when the network switch is in operation, in generating, based at least in part upon at least one received packet, at least one outgoing packet, the circuitry comprising at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline that comprises a plurality of pipeline stages that are programmable, at least in part, the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline being for use in (1) modifying, at least in part, the at least one received packet to generate the at least one outgoing packet and (2) forwarding the at least one outgoing packet from the network switch, the program instructions, when executed, resulting in performance of operations comprising:
parsing and identifying, at least in part, header field information of the at least one received packet by at least one parser stage of the plurality of pipeline stages; matching and modifying, at least in part, the header field information by match-action stages of the plurality of pipeline stages, the matching and the modifying being (1) based, at least in part, upon match-action table information and (2) to generate modified header field information; and generating, at least in part, the at least one outgoing packet by at least one other stage of the plurality of pipeline stages, the generating of the at least one outgoing packet being based, at least in part, upon the modified header information; wherein:
when the circuitry is in operation, the circuitry is to receive at least one set of instructions for use in programming, at least in part, the plurality of pipeline stages to perform packet processing algorithms to generate the at least one outgoing packet;
the at least one set of instructions is to be generated based, at least in part, upon compilation of text-based source code that specifies, at least in part, the packet processing algorithms; and
when the circuitry is in the operation, the circuitry is to collect packet-related information for use in network management operations. 14. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the text-based source code is based, at least in part, upon:
a subset of C programming language;
P4 programming language; or
Python programming language. 15. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
the subset of C programming language comprises struct fields. 16. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
an application specific integrated circuit comprises the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 17. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein:
the subset of C programming language also comprises an if-then statement. 18. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein:
the header field information of the at least one received packet comprises packet flow five-tuple-related information. 19. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein:
the at least one set of instructions is usable with a configuration synthesis tool for use in synthesizing configuration of at least a portion of the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 20. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
the compilation is to be generated, at least in part, by a compiler; and in event that the compiler is unable to generate the at least one set of instructions for the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline, the compiler is to indicate compiler error. 21. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform synthesis and executability operations related to different pipeline processor designs. 22. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform other operations related to generating the at least one set of instructions based, at least in part, upon a user-specified template or partial program; and the other operations relate, at least in part, to supplementing the user-specified template or partial program. 23. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein:
the packet-related information relates, at least in part, to packet and ports; and the network management-related operations relate, at least in part, to managing the network switch and a network. 24. A method implemented, at least in part, by circuitry for use in a network switch, the network switch being for use, when the network switch is in operation, in generating, based at least in part upon at least one received packet, at least one outgoing packet, the circuitry comprising at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline that comprises a plurality of pipeline stages that are programmable, at least in part, the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline being for use in (1) modifying, at least in part, the at least one received packet to generate the at least one outgoing packet and (2) forwarding the at least one outgoing packet from the network switch, the method comprising:
parsing and identifying, at least in part, header field information of the at least one received packet by at least one parser stage of the plurality of pipeline stages; matching and modifying, at least in part, the header field information by match-action stages of the plurality of pipeline stages, the matching and the modifying being (1) based, at least in part, upon match-action table information and (2) to generate modified header field information; and generating, at least in part, the at least one outgoing packet by at least one other stage of the plurality of pipeline stages, the generating of the at least one outgoing packet being based, at least in part, upon the modified header information; wherein:
when the circuitry is in operation, the circuitry is to receive at least one set of instructions for use in programming, at least in part, the plurality of pipeline stages to perform packet processing algorithms to generate the at least one outgoing packet;
the at least one set of instructions is to be generated based, at least in part, upon compilation of text-based source code that specifies, at least in part, the packet processing algorithms; and
when the circuitry is in the operation, the circuitry is to collect packet-related information for use in network management operations. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the text-based source code is based, at least in part, upon:
a subset of C programming language;
P4 programming language; or
Python programming language. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein:
the subset of C programming language comprises struct fields. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein:
an application specific integrated circuit comprises the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein:
the subset of C programming language also comprises an if-then statement. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein:
the header field information of the at least one received packet comprises packet flow five-tuple-related information. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein:
the at least one set of instructions is usable with a configuration synthesis tool for use in synthesizing configuration of at least a portion of the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein:
the compilation is to be generated, at least in part, by a compiler; and in event that the compiler is unable to generate the at least one set of instructions for the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline, the compiler is to indicate compiler error. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform synthesis and executability operations related to different pipeline processor designs. 33. The method of claim 30, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform other operations related to generating the at least one set of instructions based, at least in part, upon a user-specified template or partial program; and the other operations relate, at least in part, to supplementing the user-specified template or partial program. 34. The method of claim 29, wherein:
the packet-related information relates, at least in part, to packet and ports; and the network management-related operations relate, at least in part, to managing the network switch and a network. 35. At least one non-transient machine readable storage medium storing program instructions for being executed by at least one processor, the program instructions when executed by the at least one processor resulting in the at least one processor being configured to perform operations comprising:
generating, at least in part, at least one set of instructions for use in programming, at least in part, a plurality of pipeline stages, the generating being based, at least in part, upon compilation of text-based source code that specifies, at least in part, packet processing algorithms to be performed by the plurality of pipeline stages, the plurality of pipeline stages being comprised in at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline comprised in circuitry that is for use in a network switch, the network switch being for use, when the network switch is in operation, in generating, based at least in part upon at least one received packet, at least one outgoing packet, the at least one outgoing packet to be generated based, at least in part, of the packet processing algorithms; wherein:
the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline is for use in (1) modifying, at least in part, the at least one received packet to generate the at least one outgoing packet and (2) forwarding the at least one outgoing packet from the network switch;
the plurality of pipeline stages comprises:
at least one parser stage to parse and identify, at least in part, header field information of the at least one received packet;
match-action stages to match and modify, at least in part, the header field information based, at least in part, upon match-action table information, to generate modified header field information; and
at least one other stage to generate, at least in part, the at least one outgoing packet based, at least in part upon the modified header field information; and
when the circuitry is in the operation, the circuitry is to collect packet-related information for use in network management-related operations. 36. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein:
the text-based source code is based, at least in part, upon:
a subset of C programming language;
P4 programming language; or
Python programming language. 37. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 36, wherein:
the subset of C programming language comprises struct fields. 38. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 37, wherein:
an application specific integrated circuit comprises the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 39. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 38, wherein:
the subset of C programming language also comprises an if-then statement. 40. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 39, wherein:
the header field information of the at least one received packet comprises packet flow five-tuple-related information. 41. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 40, wherein:
the at least one set of instructions is usable with a configuration synthesis tool for use in synthesizing configuration of at least a portion of the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 42. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein:
the compilation is to be generated, at least in part, by a compiler; and in event that the compiler is unable to generate the at least one set of instructions for the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline, the compiler is to indicate compiler error. 43. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform synthesis and executability operations related to different pipeline processor designs. 44. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform other operations related to generating the at least one set of instructions based, at least in part, upon a user-specified template or partial program; and the other operations relate, at least in part, to supplementing the user-specified template or partial program. 45. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 40, wherein:
the packet-related information relates, at least in part, to packet and ports; and the network management-related operations relate, at least in part, to managing the network switch and a network. | A synchronous packet-processing pipeline whose data paths are populated with data-plane stateful processing units (DSPUs) is provided. A DSPU is a programmable processor whose operations are synchronous with the dataflow of the packet-processing pipeline. A DSPU performs every computation with fixed latency. Each DSPU is capable of maintaining a set of states and perform its computations based on its maintained set of states. The programming of a DSPU determines how and when the DSPU updates one of its maintained states. Such programming may configure the DSPU to update the state based on its received packet data, or to change the state regardless of the received packet data.1. Circuitry for use in a network switch, the network switch being for use, when the network switch is in operation, in generating, based at least in part upon at least one received packet, at least one outgoing packet, the circuitry comprising:
at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline comprising a plurality of pipeline stages that are programmable, at least in part, the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline being for use in (1) modifying, at least in part, the at least one received packet to generate the at least one outgoing packet, and (2) forwarding the at least one outgoing packet from the network switch, the plurality of pipeline stages comprising:
at least one parser stage to parse and identify, at least in part, header field information of the at least one received packet;
match-action stages to match and modify, at least in part, the header field information based, at least in part, upon match-action table information, to generate modified header field information; and
at least one other stage to generate, at least in part, the at least one outgoing packet based, at least in part upon the modified header field information;
wherein:
when the circuitry is in operation, the circuitry is to receive at least one set of instructions for use in programming, at least in part, the plurality of pipeline stages to perform packet processing algorithms to generate the at least one outgoing packet;
the at least one set of instructions is to be generated based, at least in part, upon compilation of text-based source code that specifies, at least in part, the packet processing algorithms; and
when the circuitry is in the operation, the circuitry is to collect packet-related information for use in network management-related operations. 2. The circuitry of claim 1, wherein:
the text-based source code is based, at least in part, upon:
a subset of C programming language;
P4 programming language; or
Python programming language. 3. The circuitry of claim 2, wherein:
the subset of C programming language comprises struct fields. 4. The circuitry of claim 3, wherein:
an application specific integrated circuit comprises the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 5. The circuitry of claim 4, wherein:
the subset of C programming language also comprises an if-then statement. 6. The circuitry of claim 5, wherein:
the header field information of the at least one received packet comprises packet flow five-tuple-related information. 7. The circuitry of claim 6, wherein:
the at least one set of instructions is usable with a configuration synthesis tool for use in synthesizing configuration of at least a portion of the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 8. The circuitry of claim 7, wherein:
the compilation is to be generated, at least in part, by a compiler; and in event that the compiler is unable to generate the at least one set of instructions for the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline, the compiler is to indicate compiler error. 9. The circuitry of claim 7, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform synthesis and executability operations related to different pipeline processor designs. 10. The circuitry of claim 7, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform operations related to generating the at least one set of instructions based, at least in part, upon a user-specified template or partial program; and the operations relate, at least in part, to supplementing the user-specified template or partial program. 11. The circuitry of claim 6, wherein:
the packet-related information relates, at least in part, to packet and ports; and the network management-related operations relate, at least in part, to managing the network switch and a network. 12. The circuitry of claim 6, further comprising:
the network switch. 13. At least one non-transient machine readable storage medium storing program instructions for being executed by circuitry for use in a network switch, the network switch being for use, when the network switch is in operation, in generating, based at least in part upon at least one received packet, at least one outgoing packet, the circuitry comprising at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline that comprises a plurality of pipeline stages that are programmable, at least in part, the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline being for use in (1) modifying, at least in part, the at least one received packet to generate the at least one outgoing packet and (2) forwarding the at least one outgoing packet from the network switch, the program instructions, when executed, resulting in performance of operations comprising:
parsing and identifying, at least in part, header field information of the at least one received packet by at least one parser stage of the plurality of pipeline stages; matching and modifying, at least in part, the header field information by match-action stages of the plurality of pipeline stages, the matching and the modifying being (1) based, at least in part, upon match-action table information and (2) to generate modified header field information; and generating, at least in part, the at least one outgoing packet by at least one other stage of the plurality of pipeline stages, the generating of the at least one outgoing packet being based, at least in part, upon the modified header information; wherein:
when the circuitry is in operation, the circuitry is to receive at least one set of instructions for use in programming, at least in part, the plurality of pipeline stages to perform packet processing algorithms to generate the at least one outgoing packet;
the at least one set of instructions is to be generated based, at least in part, upon compilation of text-based source code that specifies, at least in part, the packet processing algorithms; and
when the circuitry is in the operation, the circuitry is to collect packet-related information for use in network management operations. 14. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
the text-based source code is based, at least in part, upon:
a subset of C programming language;
P4 programming language; or
Python programming language. 15. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:
the subset of C programming language comprises struct fields. 16. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
an application specific integrated circuit comprises the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 17. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein:
the subset of C programming language also comprises an if-then statement. 18. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein:
the header field information of the at least one received packet comprises packet flow five-tuple-related information. 19. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein:
the at least one set of instructions is usable with a configuration synthesis tool for use in synthesizing configuration of at least a portion of the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 20. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
the compilation is to be generated, at least in part, by a compiler; and in event that the compiler is unable to generate the at least one set of instructions for the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline, the compiler is to indicate compiler error. 21. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform synthesis and executability operations related to different pipeline processor designs. 22. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform other operations related to generating the at least one set of instructions based, at least in part, upon a user-specified template or partial program; and the other operations relate, at least in part, to supplementing the user-specified template or partial program. 23. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein:
the packet-related information relates, at least in part, to packet and ports; and the network management-related operations relate, at least in part, to managing the network switch and a network. 24. A method implemented, at least in part, by circuitry for use in a network switch, the network switch being for use, when the network switch is in operation, in generating, based at least in part upon at least one received packet, at least one outgoing packet, the circuitry comprising at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline that comprises a plurality of pipeline stages that are programmable, at least in part, the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline being for use in (1) modifying, at least in part, the at least one received packet to generate the at least one outgoing packet and (2) forwarding the at least one outgoing packet from the network switch, the method comprising:
parsing and identifying, at least in part, header field information of the at least one received packet by at least one parser stage of the plurality of pipeline stages; matching and modifying, at least in part, the header field information by match-action stages of the plurality of pipeline stages, the matching and the modifying being (1) based, at least in part, upon match-action table information and (2) to generate modified header field information; and generating, at least in part, the at least one outgoing packet by at least one other stage of the plurality of pipeline stages, the generating of the at least one outgoing packet being based, at least in part, upon the modified header information; wherein:
when the circuitry is in operation, the circuitry is to receive at least one set of instructions for use in programming, at least in part, the plurality of pipeline stages to perform packet processing algorithms to generate the at least one outgoing packet;
the at least one set of instructions is to be generated based, at least in part, upon compilation of text-based source code that specifies, at least in part, the packet processing algorithms; and
when the circuitry is in the operation, the circuitry is to collect packet-related information for use in network management operations. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein:
the text-based source code is based, at least in part, upon:
a subset of C programming language;
P4 programming language; or
Python programming language. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein:
the subset of C programming language comprises struct fields. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein:
an application specific integrated circuit comprises the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein:
the subset of C programming language also comprises an if-then statement. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein:
the header field information of the at least one received packet comprises packet flow five-tuple-related information. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein:
the at least one set of instructions is usable with a configuration synthesis tool for use in synthesizing configuration of at least a portion of the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein:
the compilation is to be generated, at least in part, by a compiler; and in event that the compiler is unable to generate the at least one set of instructions for the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline, the compiler is to indicate compiler error. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform synthesis and executability operations related to different pipeline processor designs. 33. The method of claim 30, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform other operations related to generating the at least one set of instructions based, at least in part, upon a user-specified template or partial program; and the other operations relate, at least in part, to supplementing the user-specified template or partial program. 34. The method of claim 29, wherein:
the packet-related information relates, at least in part, to packet and ports; and the network management-related operations relate, at least in part, to managing the network switch and a network. 35. At least one non-transient machine readable storage medium storing program instructions for being executed by at least one processor, the program instructions when executed by the at least one processor resulting in the at least one processor being configured to perform operations comprising:
generating, at least in part, at least one set of instructions for use in programming, at least in part, a plurality of pipeline stages, the generating being based, at least in part, upon compilation of text-based source code that specifies, at least in part, packet processing algorithms to be performed by the plurality of pipeline stages, the plurality of pipeline stages being comprised in at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline comprised in circuitry that is for use in a network switch, the network switch being for use, when the network switch is in operation, in generating, based at least in part upon at least one received packet, at least one outgoing packet, the at least one outgoing packet to be generated based, at least in part, of the packet processing algorithms; wherein:
the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline is for use in (1) modifying, at least in part, the at least one received packet to generate the at least one outgoing packet and (2) forwarding the at least one outgoing packet from the network switch;
the plurality of pipeline stages comprises:
at least one parser stage to parse and identify, at least in part, header field information of the at least one received packet;
match-action stages to match and modify, at least in part, the header field information based, at least in part, upon match-action table information, to generate modified header field information; and
at least one other stage to generate, at least in part, the at least one outgoing packet based, at least in part upon the modified header field information; and
when the circuitry is in the operation, the circuitry is to collect packet-related information for use in network management-related operations. 36. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein:
the text-based source code is based, at least in part, upon:
a subset of C programming language;
P4 programming language; or
Python programming language. 37. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 36, wherein:
the subset of C programming language comprises struct fields. 38. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 37, wherein:
an application specific integrated circuit comprises the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 39. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 38, wherein:
the subset of C programming language also comprises an if-then statement. 40. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 39, wherein:
the header field information of the at least one received packet comprises packet flow five-tuple-related information. 41. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 40, wherein:
the at least one set of instructions is usable with a configuration synthesis tool for use in synthesizing configuration of at least a portion of the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline. 42. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein:
the compilation is to be generated, at least in part, by a compiler; and in event that the compiler is unable to generate the at least one set of instructions for the at least one hardware processor-based packet-processing pipeline, the compiler is to indicate compiler error. 43. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform synthesis and executability operations related to different pipeline processor designs. 44. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 41, wherein:
the configuration synthesis tool is to perform other operations related to generating the at least one set of instructions based, at least in part, upon a user-specified template or partial program; and the other operations relate, at least in part, to supplementing the user-specified template or partial program. 45. The at least one non-transient machine readable storage medium of claim 40, wherein:
the packet-related information relates, at least in part, to packet and ports; and the network management-related operations relate, at least in part, to managing the network switch and a network. | 2,800 |
346,511 | 16,804,929 | 2,875 | Certain aspects of the present disclosure are directed to an amplifier. The amplifier may include a transistor coupled to an output of the amplifier, and a resonator coupled between the output of the amplifier and a reference potential node, a resonant frequency of the resonator being set to be at a subharmonic of a fundamental frequency of the amplifier, and an impedance of the resonator being greater than a load impedance of the amplifier at the fundamental frequency of the amplifier. | 1. An amplifier comprising:
a transistor coupled to an output of the amplifier; and a resonator coupled between the output of the amplifier and a reference potential node, a resonant frequency of the resonator being set to be at a subharmonic of a fundamental frequency of the amplifier, and an impedance of the resonator being greater than a load impedance of the amplifier at the fundamental frequency of the amplifier. 2. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the resonator comprises an inductor-capacitor (LC) resonator. 3. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the LC resonator comprises an inductive element coupled in series with a capacitive element. 4. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the resonant frequency of the LC resonator is tunable. 5. The amplifier of claim 4, wherein at least one of a capacitive element of the LC resonator is tunable or an inductive element of the LC resonator is tunable. 6. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the LC resonator comprises:
a capacitive element; an inductive element coupled to the capacitive element; and a variable capacitive element coupled in parallel with the inductive element. 7. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the LC resonator comprises:
a capacitive element; a first inductive element coupled to the capacitive element; a second inductive element coupled to the first inductive element; and a switch coupled in parallel with the second inductive element. 8. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the LC resonator comprises:
a capacitive element; an inductive element coupled to the capacitive element; and a digitally tunable capacitive element coupled in parallel with the capacitive element. 9. The amplifier of claim 8, wherein the digitally tunable capacitive element comprises a plurality of capacitive elements selectively coupled in parallel with the capacitive element. 10. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein a collector of the transistor is coupled to the output of the amplifier, and wherein an emitter of the transistor is coupled to the reference potential node. 11. The amplifier of claim 1, further comprising another transistor having a collector coupled to a base of the transistor. 12. The amplifier of claim 11, wherein a collector of the transistor is coupled to a first voltage supply node, and wherein the collector of the other transistor is coupled to a second voltage supply node, the amplifier further comprising an isolation inductive element coupled between the first voltage supply node and the second voltage supply node. 13. The amplifier of claim 1, further comprising an impedance-matching network coupled between the transistor and the output of the amplifier. 14. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the amplifier comprises a power amplifier and wherein the transistor comprises a heterojunction bipolar transistor. 15. An amplifier comprising:
a transistor coupled to an output of the amplifier; and a signal path coupled between the output of the amplifier and a reference potential node, the signal path being configured to sink current at a subharmonic of a fundamental frequency of the amplifier, an impedance of the signal path being greater than a load impedance of the amplifier at the fundamental frequency of the amplifier. 16. The amplifier of claim 15, wherein a collector of the transistor is coupled to the output of the amplifier, and wherein an emitter of the transistor is coupled to the reference potential node. 17. The amplifier of claim 15, further comprising another transistor having a collector coupled to a base of the transistor. 18. The amplifier of claim 17, wherein a collector of the transistor is coupled to a first voltage supply node, and the collector of the other transistor is coupled to a second voltage supply node, the amplifier further comprising an isolation inductive element coupled between the first voltage supply node and the second voltage supply node. 19. The amplifier of claim 15, further comprising an impedance-matching network coupled between the transistor and the output of the amplifier. 20. A method for signal amplification, comprising:
amplifying, via an amplifier, an input signal to generate an amplification signal at an output node; and sinking, via a signal path coupled to the output node, current at a subharmonic of a fundamental frequency of the amplification signal, an impedance of the signal path being greater than a load impedance of the amplifier at the fundamental frequency of the amplification signal. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the current is sunk via a resonator of the signal path. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising tuning a resonant frequency of the resonator. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the resonator comprises an inductive element coupled in series with a capacitive element. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising tuning at least one of a capacitive element of the resonator or an inductive element of the resonator. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the resonator comprises a capacitive element and an inductive element coupled to the capacitive element, the method further comprising tuning another capacitive element coupled in parallel with the inductive element. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the resonator comprises a capacitive element, a first inductive element coupled to the capacitive element, and a second inductive element coupled to the first inductive element, and wherein the method further comprises controlling a switch coupled in parallel with the second inductive element. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the resonator comprises a capacitive element and an inductive element coupled to the capacitive element, the method further comprising controlling a digitally tunable capacitive element coupled in parallel with the capacitive element. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein controlling the digitally tunable capacitive element comprises selectively coupling a plurality of capacitive elements in parallel with the capacitive element. 29. The method of claim 20, wherein the input signal is amplified via a first transistor and a second transistor, a collector of the first transistor being coupled to a base of the second transistor and a collector of the second transistor being coupled to the output node. 30. An apparatus for signal amplification, comprising:
means for amplifying an input signal to generate an amplification signal at an output node; and means for sinking, from the output node, current at a subharmonic of a fundamental frequency of the amplification signal, an impedance of the means for sinking being greater than a load impedance of the means for amplifying at the fundamental frequency of the amplification signal. | Certain aspects of the present disclosure are directed to an amplifier. The amplifier may include a transistor coupled to an output of the amplifier, and a resonator coupled between the output of the amplifier and a reference potential node, a resonant frequency of the resonator being set to be at a subharmonic of a fundamental frequency of the amplifier, and an impedance of the resonator being greater than a load impedance of the amplifier at the fundamental frequency of the amplifier.1. An amplifier comprising:
a transistor coupled to an output of the amplifier; and a resonator coupled between the output of the amplifier and a reference potential node, a resonant frequency of the resonator being set to be at a subharmonic of a fundamental frequency of the amplifier, and an impedance of the resonator being greater than a load impedance of the amplifier at the fundamental frequency of the amplifier. 2. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the resonator comprises an inductor-capacitor (LC) resonator. 3. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the LC resonator comprises an inductive element coupled in series with a capacitive element. 4. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the resonant frequency of the LC resonator is tunable. 5. The amplifier of claim 4, wherein at least one of a capacitive element of the LC resonator is tunable or an inductive element of the LC resonator is tunable. 6. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the LC resonator comprises:
a capacitive element; an inductive element coupled to the capacitive element; and a variable capacitive element coupled in parallel with the inductive element. 7. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the LC resonator comprises:
a capacitive element; a first inductive element coupled to the capacitive element; a second inductive element coupled to the first inductive element; and a switch coupled in parallel with the second inductive element. 8. The amplifier of claim 2, wherein the LC resonator comprises:
a capacitive element; an inductive element coupled to the capacitive element; and a digitally tunable capacitive element coupled in parallel with the capacitive element. 9. The amplifier of claim 8, wherein the digitally tunable capacitive element comprises a plurality of capacitive elements selectively coupled in parallel with the capacitive element. 10. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein a collector of the transistor is coupled to the output of the amplifier, and wherein an emitter of the transistor is coupled to the reference potential node. 11. The amplifier of claim 1, further comprising another transistor having a collector coupled to a base of the transistor. 12. The amplifier of claim 11, wherein a collector of the transistor is coupled to a first voltage supply node, and wherein the collector of the other transistor is coupled to a second voltage supply node, the amplifier further comprising an isolation inductive element coupled between the first voltage supply node and the second voltage supply node. 13. The amplifier of claim 1, further comprising an impedance-matching network coupled between the transistor and the output of the amplifier. 14. The amplifier of claim 1, wherein the amplifier comprises a power amplifier and wherein the transistor comprises a heterojunction bipolar transistor. 15. An amplifier comprising:
a transistor coupled to an output of the amplifier; and a signal path coupled between the output of the amplifier and a reference potential node, the signal path being configured to sink current at a subharmonic of a fundamental frequency of the amplifier, an impedance of the signal path being greater than a load impedance of the amplifier at the fundamental frequency of the amplifier. 16. The amplifier of claim 15, wherein a collector of the transistor is coupled to the output of the amplifier, and wherein an emitter of the transistor is coupled to the reference potential node. 17. The amplifier of claim 15, further comprising another transistor having a collector coupled to a base of the transistor. 18. The amplifier of claim 17, wherein a collector of the transistor is coupled to a first voltage supply node, and the collector of the other transistor is coupled to a second voltage supply node, the amplifier further comprising an isolation inductive element coupled between the first voltage supply node and the second voltage supply node. 19. The amplifier of claim 15, further comprising an impedance-matching network coupled between the transistor and the output of the amplifier. 20. A method for signal amplification, comprising:
amplifying, via an amplifier, an input signal to generate an amplification signal at an output node; and sinking, via a signal path coupled to the output node, current at a subharmonic of a fundamental frequency of the amplification signal, an impedance of the signal path being greater than a load impedance of the amplifier at the fundamental frequency of the amplification signal. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the current is sunk via a resonator of the signal path. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising tuning a resonant frequency of the resonator. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the resonator comprises an inductive element coupled in series with a capacitive element. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising tuning at least one of a capacitive element of the resonator or an inductive element of the resonator. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the resonator comprises a capacitive element and an inductive element coupled to the capacitive element, the method further comprising tuning another capacitive element coupled in parallel with the inductive element. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the resonator comprises a capacitive element, a first inductive element coupled to the capacitive element, and a second inductive element coupled to the first inductive element, and wherein the method further comprises controlling a switch coupled in parallel with the second inductive element. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the resonator comprises a capacitive element and an inductive element coupled to the capacitive element, the method further comprising controlling a digitally tunable capacitive element coupled in parallel with the capacitive element. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein controlling the digitally tunable capacitive element comprises selectively coupling a plurality of capacitive elements in parallel with the capacitive element. 29. The method of claim 20, wherein the input signal is amplified via a first transistor and a second transistor, a collector of the first transistor being coupled to a base of the second transistor and a collector of the second transistor being coupled to the output node. 30. An apparatus for signal amplification, comprising:
means for amplifying an input signal to generate an amplification signal at an output node; and means for sinking, from the output node, current at a subharmonic of a fundamental frequency of the amplification signal, an impedance of the means for sinking being greater than a load impedance of the means for amplifying at the fundamental frequency of the amplification signal. | 2,800 |
346,512 | 16,804,949 | 2,875 | A system and method for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization that includes receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle. The system and method also include completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data and completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data. The system and method further include combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. | 1. A computer-implemented method for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization comprising:
receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein receiving video data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle includes receiving video associated with a source domain and video associated with a target domain, wherein the source domain includes image data associated with various environments, wherein the target domain includes image data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein completing the action localization model includes analyzing data associated with the source domain and the target domain and determining a key frame of the source domain and a key frame of the target domain, wherein an I3D convolutional neural network is utilized to generate a temporal feature representation using a feature extractor with respect to the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein data associated with the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain is utilized to generate an action proposal using a spatial encoder on the key frames as inputs for a reason proposal network, wherein region of interest pooling is completed to obtain a fixed length representation of a particular size associated with localization of each individual in the source domain and the target domain. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein completing the action localization model includes outputting loss functions of the action localization model, wherein a gradient reversal layer is used to align spatial feature distribution between the source and target domain and the loss function of the action localization model are output. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes performing actor proposal adaption to generate actor proposals and localize a position of each individual in the source domain and the target domain, wherein loss functions are output for actor proposal adaption. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an image level by appending a temporal domain discriminator, wherein a loss function of an action classification image level is output with respect to adapting actions at the image level. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an instance level by analyzing a feature vector associated with feature extractors to output a domain classification output for a region proposal in at least one image, wherein a loss function of an action classification instance level is output with respect to adapting actions at the instance level. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining the loss function of the action localization model, the loss function of the action classification image level, and the loss function of the action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. 10. A system for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization comprising:
a memory storing instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to: receive video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; complete an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; complete an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combine losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein receiving video data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle includes receiving video associated with a source domain and video associated with a target domain, wherein the source domain includes image data associated with various environments, wherein the target domain includes image data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein completing the action localization model includes analyzing data associated with the source domain and the target domain and determining a key frame of the source domain and a key frame of the target domain, wherein an I3D convolutional neural network is utilized to generate a temporal feature representation using a feature extractor with respect to the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein data associated with the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain is utilized to generate an action proposal using a spatial encoder on the key frames as inputs for a reason proposal network, wherein region of interest pooling is completed to obtain a fixed length representation of a particular size associated with localization of each individual in the source domain and the target domain. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein completing the action localization model includes outputting loss functions of the action localization model, wherein a gradient reversal layer is used to align spatial feature distribution between the source and target domain and the loss function of the action localization model are output. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes performing actor proposal adaption to generate actor proposals and localize a position of each individual in the source domain and the target domain, wherein loss functions are output for actor proposal adaption. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an image level by appending a temporal domain discriminator, wherein a loss function of an action classification image level is output with respect to adapting actions at the image level. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an instance level by analyzing a feature vector associated with feature extractors to output a domain classification output for a region proposal in at least one image, wherein a loss function of an action classification instance level is output with respect to adapting actions at the instance level. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining the loss function of the action localization model, the loss function of the action classification image level, and the loss function of the action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer, which includes a processor perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining a loss function of the action localization model, a loss function of an action classification image level, and a loss function of an action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. | A system and method for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization that includes receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle. The system and method also include completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data and completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data. The system and method further include combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle.1. A computer-implemented method for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization comprising:
receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein receiving video data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle includes receiving video associated with a source domain and video associated with a target domain, wherein the source domain includes image data associated with various environments, wherein the target domain includes image data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein completing the action localization model includes analyzing data associated with the source domain and the target domain and determining a key frame of the source domain and a key frame of the target domain, wherein an I3D convolutional neural network is utilized to generate a temporal feature representation using a feature extractor with respect to the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein data associated with the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain is utilized to generate an action proposal using a spatial encoder on the key frames as inputs for a reason proposal network, wherein region of interest pooling is completed to obtain a fixed length representation of a particular size associated with localization of each individual in the source domain and the target domain. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein completing the action localization model includes outputting loss functions of the action localization model, wherein a gradient reversal layer is used to align spatial feature distribution between the source and target domain and the loss function of the action localization model are output. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes performing actor proposal adaption to generate actor proposals and localize a position of each individual in the source domain and the target domain, wherein loss functions are output for actor proposal adaption. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an image level by appending a temporal domain discriminator, wherein a loss function of an action classification image level is output with respect to adapting actions at the image level. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an instance level by analyzing a feature vector associated with feature extractors to output a domain classification output for a region proposal in at least one image, wherein a loss function of an action classification instance level is output with respect to adapting actions at the instance level. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining the loss function of the action localization model, the loss function of the action classification image level, and the loss function of the action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. 10. A system for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization comprising:
a memory storing instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to: receive video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; complete an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; complete an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combine losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein receiving video data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle includes receiving video associated with a source domain and video associated with a target domain, wherein the source domain includes image data associated with various environments, wherein the target domain includes image data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein completing the action localization model includes analyzing data associated with the source domain and the target domain and determining a key frame of the source domain and a key frame of the target domain, wherein an I3D convolutional neural network is utilized to generate a temporal feature representation using a feature extractor with respect to the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein data associated with the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain is utilized to generate an action proposal using a spatial encoder on the key frames as inputs for a reason proposal network, wherein region of interest pooling is completed to obtain a fixed length representation of a particular size associated with localization of each individual in the source domain and the target domain. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein completing the action localization model includes outputting loss functions of the action localization model, wherein a gradient reversal layer is used to align spatial feature distribution between the source and target domain and the loss function of the action localization model are output. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes performing actor proposal adaption to generate actor proposals and localize a position of each individual in the source domain and the target domain, wherein loss functions are output for actor proposal adaption. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an image level by appending a temporal domain discriminator, wherein a loss function of an action classification image level is output with respect to adapting actions at the image level. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an instance level by analyzing a feature vector associated with feature extractors to output a domain classification output for a region proposal in at least one image, wherein a loss function of an action classification instance level is output with respect to adapting actions at the instance level. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining the loss function of the action localization model, the loss function of the action classification image level, and the loss function of the action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer, which includes a processor perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining a loss function of the action localization model, a loss function of an action classification image level, and a loss function of an action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. | 2,800 |
346,513 | 16,804,952 | 2,875 | A system and method for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization that includes receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle. The system and method also include completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data and completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data. The system and method further include combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. | 1. A computer-implemented method for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization comprising:
receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein receiving video data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle includes receiving video associated with a source domain and video associated with a target domain, wherein the source domain includes image data associated with various environments, wherein the target domain includes image data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein completing the action localization model includes analyzing data associated with the source domain and the target domain and determining a key frame of the source domain and a key frame of the target domain, wherein an I3D convolutional neural network is utilized to generate a temporal feature representation using a feature extractor with respect to the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein data associated with the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain is utilized to generate an action proposal using a spatial encoder on the key frames as inputs for a reason proposal network, wherein region of interest pooling is completed to obtain a fixed length representation of a particular size associated with localization of each individual in the source domain and the target domain. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein completing the action localization model includes outputting loss functions of the action localization model, wherein a gradient reversal layer is used to align spatial feature distribution between the source and target domain and the loss function of the action localization model are output. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes performing actor proposal adaption to generate actor proposals and localize a position of each individual in the source domain and the target domain, wherein loss functions are output for actor proposal adaption. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an image level by appending a temporal domain discriminator, wherein a loss function of an action classification image level is output with respect to adapting actions at the image level. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an instance level by analyzing a feature vector associated with feature extractors to output a domain classification output for a region proposal in at least one image, wherein a loss function of an action classification instance level is output with respect to adapting actions at the instance level. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining the loss function of the action localization model, the loss function of the action classification image level, and the loss function of the action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. 10. A system for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization comprising:
a memory storing instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to: receive video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; complete an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; complete an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combine losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein receiving video data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle includes receiving video associated with a source domain and video associated with a target domain, wherein the source domain includes image data associated with various environments, wherein the target domain includes image data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein completing the action localization model includes analyzing data associated with the source domain and the target domain and determining a key frame of the source domain and a key frame of the target domain, wherein an I3D convolutional neural network is utilized to generate a temporal feature representation using a feature extractor with respect to the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein data associated with the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain is utilized to generate an action proposal using a spatial encoder on the key frames as inputs for a reason proposal network, wherein region of interest pooling is completed to obtain a fixed length representation of a particular size associated with localization of each individual in the source domain and the target domain. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein completing the action localization model includes outputting loss functions of the action localization model, wherein a gradient reversal layer is used to align spatial feature distribution between the source and target domain and the loss function of the action localization model are output. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes performing actor proposal adaption to generate actor proposals and localize a position of each individual in the source domain and the target domain, wherein loss functions are output for actor proposal adaption. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an image level by appending a temporal domain discriminator, wherein a loss function of an action classification image level is output with respect to adapting actions at the image level. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an instance level by analyzing a feature vector associated with feature extractors to output a domain classification output for a region proposal in at least one image, wherein a loss function of an action classification instance level is output with respect to adapting actions at the instance level. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining the loss function of the action localization model, the loss function of the action classification image level, and the loss function of the action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer, which includes a processor perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining a loss function of the action localization model, a loss function of an action classification image level, and a loss function of an action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. | A system and method for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization that includes receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle. The system and method also include completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data and completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data. The system and method further include combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle.1. A computer-implemented method for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization comprising:
receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein receiving video data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle includes receiving video associated with a source domain and video associated with a target domain, wherein the source domain includes image data associated with various environments, wherein the target domain includes image data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein completing the action localization model includes analyzing data associated with the source domain and the target domain and determining a key frame of the source domain and a key frame of the target domain, wherein an I3D convolutional neural network is utilized to generate a temporal feature representation using a feature extractor with respect to the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein data associated with the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain is utilized to generate an action proposal using a spatial encoder on the key frames as inputs for a reason proposal network, wherein region of interest pooling is completed to obtain a fixed length representation of a particular size associated with localization of each individual in the source domain and the target domain. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein completing the action localization model includes outputting loss functions of the action localization model, wherein a gradient reversal layer is used to align spatial feature distribution between the source and target domain and the loss function of the action localization model are output. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes performing actor proposal adaption to generate actor proposals and localize a position of each individual in the source domain and the target domain, wherein loss functions are output for actor proposal adaption. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an image level by appending a temporal domain discriminator, wherein a loss function of an action classification image level is output with respect to adapting actions at the image level. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an instance level by analyzing a feature vector associated with feature extractors to output a domain classification output for a region proposal in at least one image, wherein a loss function of an action classification instance level is output with respect to adapting actions at the instance level. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining the loss function of the action localization model, the loss function of the action classification image level, and the loss function of the action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. 10. A system for providing unsupervised domain adaption for spatio-temporal action localization comprising:
a memory storing instructions when executed by a processor cause the processor to: receive video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; complete an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; complete an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combine losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein receiving video data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle includes receiving video associated with a source domain and video associated with a target domain, wherein the source domain includes image data associated with various environments, wherein the target domain includes image data associated with the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein completing the action localization model includes analyzing data associated with the source domain and the target domain and determining a key frame of the source domain and a key frame of the target domain, wherein an I3D convolutional neural network is utilized to generate a temporal feature representation using a feature extractor with respect to the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein data associated with the key frame of the source domain and the key frame of the target domain is utilized to generate an action proposal using a spatial encoder on the key frames as inputs for a reason proposal network, wherein region of interest pooling is completed to obtain a fixed length representation of a particular size associated with localization of each individual in the source domain and the target domain. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein completing the action localization model includes outputting loss functions of the action localization model, wherein a gradient reversal layer is used to align spatial feature distribution between the source and target domain and the loss function of the action localization model are output. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes performing actor proposal adaption to generate actor proposals and localize a position of each individual in the source domain and the target domain, wherein loss functions are output for actor proposal adaption. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an image level by appending a temporal domain discriminator, wherein a loss function of an action classification image level is output with respect to adapting actions at the image level. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein completing the action adaption model includes adapting actions at an instance level by analyzing a feature vector associated with feature extractors to output a domain classification output for a region proposal in at least one image, wherein a loss function of an action classification instance level is output with respect to adapting actions at the instance level. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining the loss function of the action localization model, the loss function of the action classification image level, and the loss function of the action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a computer, which includes a processor perform a method, the method comprising:
receiving video data associated with a surrounding environment of a vehicle; completing an action localization model to model a temporal context of actions occurring within the surrounding environment of the vehicle based on the video data; completing an action adaption model to localize individuals and their actions and to classify the actions based on the video data; and combining losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model to complete spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions that occur within the surrounding environment of the vehicle. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein combining the losses from the action localization model and the action adaption model includes combining a loss function of the action localization model, a loss function of an action classification image level, and a loss function of an action classification instance level to determine an overall adversarial loss, wherein the spatio-temporal action localization of individuals and actions is completed to autonomously control the vehicle based on the localized actors and individuals. | 2,800 |
346,514 | 16,804,948 | 2,875 | Hair cleansing compositions and methods of use thereof. The hair cleansing composition comprising: (a) about 10 to about 20 wt. % of an sulfate based anionic surfactant; (b) about 1 to about 4 wt. % of amphoteric surfactant; (c) about 4 to about 10 wt. % of a plurality of nonionic surfactants, the plurality of nonionic surfactants comprising: (i) about 1 to about 1.5 wt. % of fatty alcohols, (ii) about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of glucamide, and (iii) about 1.5 to about 5.5 wt. % of alkanolamide, (d) about 0.5 to 2.5 wt. % of an oil, wherein the oil is a non-silicone oil; and (e) water, wherein all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the hair cleansing composition. | 1. A hair cleansing composition comprising:
(a) about 8 to about 20 wt. % of a sulfate based anionic surfactant; (b) about 1 to about 4 wt. % of an amphoteric surfactant; (c) about 4 to about 10 wt. % of a plurality of nonionic surfactants, the plurality of nonionic surfactants comprising:
(i) about 1 to about 1.5 wt. % of a fatty alcohol,
(ii) about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of a glucamide, and
(iii) about 1.5 to about 5.5 wt. % of an alkanolamide that is not the glucamide,
(d) about 0.5 wt. % or more of a non-silicone oil; and (e) water,
wherein all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the hair cleansing composition. 2. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of an amount of the fatty alcohols of (i) to an amount of the glucamide of (ii) is 1:1.3 to 1:2.5. 3. The hair cleansing composition of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the amount of fatty alcohols of (i) to the amount of glucamide of (ii) is 1:1.5 to 1:2. 4. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the sulfate based anionic surfactant is selected from sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, and a mixture thereof. 5. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the amphoteric surfactant is selected from lauryl betaine, lauroamphoglycinate, lauroamphopropylsulfonate, lauroamphopropionate, lauroampho-carboxyglycinate, lauryl sultane, myristamidopropyl betaine, myristyl betaine, myristoamphoglycinate, myristyl propionate, stearoamphoglycinate, stearoamphopropionate, stearoamphopropylsulfonate, stearyl betaine, cocamidoethyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, cocamidopropyl dimethylamine propionate, cocoamphoglycinate, cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamphocarboxyglycinate, coco-betaine, cocoamphopropionate, cocoamphopropylsulfonate, and a mixture thereof. 6. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the fatty alcohol is selected from cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, eicosyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, 2-dodecylhexadecanol, 2-tetradecyl-1-octadecanol, 2-tetradecyl-1-eicosanol, 2-hexadecyl-1-octadecanol, 2-hexadecyl-1-eicosanol, and a mixture thereof. 7. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the glucamide is selected from lauroyl/myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/capryl methyl glucamide, lauroyl methyl glucamide, myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl methyl glucamide, capryl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/caproyl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, lauryl methylglucamide, oleoyl methylglucamide oleate, stearoyl methylglucamide stearate, sunfloweroyl methylglucamide, tocopheryl succinate methylglucamide, and a mixture thereof. 8. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the alkanolamide has a carbon chain containing 2 to 36 carbons. 9. The hair cleansing composition of claim 8, wherein the alkanolamide comprises at least one of a fatty acid diethanolamide (DEA), fatty acid monoethanolamides (MEA), fatty acid monoisopropanolamides (MIPA), fatty acid diisopropanolamides (DIPA), or fatty acid glucamides (acyl glucamides). 10. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the alkanolamide is selected from oleic acid diethanolamide, myristic acid monoethanolamide, soya fatty acids diethanolamide, stearic acid ethanolamide, oleic acid monoisopropanolamide, linoleic acid diethanolamide, stearic acid monoethanolamide (Stearamide MEA), behenic acid monoethanolamide, isostearic acid monoisopropanolamide (isostearamide MIPA), erucic acid diethanolamide, ricinoleic acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoisopropanolamide (cocoamide MIPA), coconut acid monoethanolamide (Cocamide MEA), palm kernel fatty acid diethanolamide, coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, lauric diethanolamide, polyoxyethylene coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, lauric monoethanolamide, lauric acid monoisopropanolamide (lauramide MIPA), myristic acid monoisopropanolamide (Myristamide MIPA), coconut fatty acid diisopropanolamide (cocamide DIPA), and a mixture thereof. 11. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the non-silicone oil is a plant based oil selected from coconut oil, soybean oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, tung oil, jatropha oil, mustard oil, camelina oil, pennycress oil, castor oil, wheatgerm oil, apricot kernel oil, pistachio oil, poppy oil, pine oil, avocado oil, hazel nut oil, grapeseed oil, colza oil, cade oil, peach kernel oil, coffee bean oil, jojoba oil, and a mixture thereof. 12. The hair cleansing composition of claim 11, wherein the plant based oil includes at least coconut oil. 13. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1 further comprising:
(f) about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of a cationic polymer. 14. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1 further comprising:
(h) about 0.01 to about 15 wt. % of a silicone. 15. A hair cleansing composition comprising:
(a) about 8 to about 20 wt. % of a sulfate based anionic surfactant; (b) about 1 to about 2 wt. % of an amphoteric surfactant; (c) about 4 to about 10 wt. % of a plurality of nonionic surfactants, the plurality of nonionic surfactants comprising:
(i) about 1 to about 1.5 wt. % of a fatty alcohol,
(ii) about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of a glucamide, and
(iii) about 1.5 to about 5.5 wt. % of an alkanolamide that is not a glucamide,
wherein a weight ratio of an amount of the fatty alcohols of (i) to an amount of the glucamide of (ii) is 1:1.5 to 1:2.5
(d) about 0.5 to 1.5 wt. % of a plant based oil, wherein the plant based oil comprises coconut oil; (e) water; (f) about 0.01 to about 3 wt. % of a cationic polymer; and (h) about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % of a silicone,
wherein all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the hair cleansing composition. 16. A method of cleaning hair comprising:
(a) applying the hair cleansing composition of claim 1 to hair; and (b) rinsing the hair for removing the hair cleansing composition. 17. A method for preparing the hair cleansing composition of claim 1 comprising:
(I) preparing a mixture comprising:
(a) about 8 to about 20 wt. % of a sulfate based anionic surfactant;
(b) about 1 to about 4 wt. % of an amphoteric surfactant;
(c) about 4 to about 10 wt. % of a plurality of nonionic surfactants, the plurality of nonionic surfactants comprising:
(i) about 1 to about 1.5 wt. % of a fatty alcohol,
(ii) about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of a glucamide, and
(iii) about 1.5 to about 5.5 wt. % of an alkanolamide that is not the glucamide,
(e) water,
(II) applying heat to the mixture; and
(III) adding (d) about 0.5 wt. % or more of a non-silicone oil before or after applying heat to the mixture,
wherein all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the prepared hair cleansing composition. 18. A method of cleaning hair comprising:
(I) applying the hair cleansing composition, the hair cleansing composition comprising:
(a) about 8 to about 20 wt. % of a sulfate based anionic surfactant;
(b) about 1 to about 4 wt. % of an amphoteric surfactant;
(c) about 4 to about 10 wt. % of a plurality of nonionic surfactants, the plurality of nonionic surfactants comprising:
(i) about 1 to about 1.5 wt. % of a fatty alcohol,
(ii) about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of a glucamide, and
(iii) about 1.5 to about 5.5 wt. % of an alkanolamide that is not the glucamide,
(d) about 0.5 wt. % or more of a non-silicone oil before or after applying heat to the mixture; and
(e) water, wherein all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the prepared hair cleansing composition, and
(II) rinsing the hair cleansing composition from the hair. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the hair cleansing compositions has a weight ratio of an amount of the fatty alcohols of (i) to an amount of the glucamide of (ii) is 1:1.3 to 1:2.5. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the fatty alcohol is selected from cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, eicosyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, 2-dodecylhexadecanol, 2-tetradecyl-1-octadecanol, 2-tetradecyl-1-eicosanol, 2-hexadecyl-1-octadecanol, 2-hexadecyl-1-eicosanol, and a mixture thereof;
the glucamide is selected from lauroyl/myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/capryl methyl glucamide, lauroyl methyl glucamide, myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl methyl glucamide, capryl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/caproyl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, lauryl methylglucamide, oleoyl methylglucamide oleate, stearoyl methylglucamide stearate, sunfloweroyl methylglucamide, tocopheryl succinate methylglucamide, and a mixture thereof; and the alkanolamide is selected from oleic acid diethanolamide, myristic acid monoethanolamide, soya fatty acids diethanolamide, stearic acid ethanolamide, oleic acid monoisopropanolamide, linoleic acid diethanolamide, stearic acid monoethanolamide (Stearamide MEA), behenic acid monoethanolamide, isostearic acid monoisopropanolamide (isostearamide MIPA), erucic acid diethanolamide, ricinoleic acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoisopropanolamide (cocoamide MIPA), coconut acid monoethanolamide (Cocamide MEA), palm kernel fatty acid diethanolamide, coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, lauric diethanolamide, polyoxyethylene coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, lauric monoethanolamide, lauric acid monoisopropanolamide (lauramide MIPA), myristic acid monoisopropanolamide (Myristamide MIPA), coconut fatty acid diisopropanolamide (cocamide DIPA), and a mixture thereof. | Hair cleansing compositions and methods of use thereof. The hair cleansing composition comprising: (a) about 10 to about 20 wt. % of an sulfate based anionic surfactant; (b) about 1 to about 4 wt. % of amphoteric surfactant; (c) about 4 to about 10 wt. % of a plurality of nonionic surfactants, the plurality of nonionic surfactants comprising: (i) about 1 to about 1.5 wt. % of fatty alcohols, (ii) about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of glucamide, and (iii) about 1.5 to about 5.5 wt. % of alkanolamide, (d) about 0.5 to 2.5 wt. % of an oil, wherein the oil is a non-silicone oil; and (e) water, wherein all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the hair cleansing composition.1. A hair cleansing composition comprising:
(a) about 8 to about 20 wt. % of a sulfate based anionic surfactant; (b) about 1 to about 4 wt. % of an amphoteric surfactant; (c) about 4 to about 10 wt. % of a plurality of nonionic surfactants, the plurality of nonionic surfactants comprising:
(i) about 1 to about 1.5 wt. % of a fatty alcohol,
(ii) about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of a glucamide, and
(iii) about 1.5 to about 5.5 wt. % of an alkanolamide that is not the glucamide,
(d) about 0.5 wt. % or more of a non-silicone oil; and (e) water,
wherein all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the hair cleansing composition. 2. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of an amount of the fatty alcohols of (i) to an amount of the glucamide of (ii) is 1:1.3 to 1:2.5. 3. The hair cleansing composition of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the amount of fatty alcohols of (i) to the amount of glucamide of (ii) is 1:1.5 to 1:2. 4. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the sulfate based anionic surfactant is selected from sodium lauryl ether sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl ether sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, and a mixture thereof. 5. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the amphoteric surfactant is selected from lauryl betaine, lauroamphoglycinate, lauroamphopropylsulfonate, lauroamphopropionate, lauroampho-carboxyglycinate, lauryl sultane, myristamidopropyl betaine, myristyl betaine, myristoamphoglycinate, myristyl propionate, stearoamphoglycinate, stearoamphopropionate, stearoamphopropylsulfonate, stearyl betaine, cocamidoethyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, cocamidopropyl dimethylamine propionate, cocoamphoglycinate, cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamphocarboxyglycinate, coco-betaine, cocoamphopropionate, cocoamphopropylsulfonate, and a mixture thereof. 6. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the fatty alcohol is selected from cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, eicosyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, 2-dodecylhexadecanol, 2-tetradecyl-1-octadecanol, 2-tetradecyl-1-eicosanol, 2-hexadecyl-1-octadecanol, 2-hexadecyl-1-eicosanol, and a mixture thereof. 7. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the glucamide is selected from lauroyl/myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/capryl methyl glucamide, lauroyl methyl glucamide, myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl methyl glucamide, capryl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/caproyl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, lauryl methylglucamide, oleoyl methylglucamide oleate, stearoyl methylglucamide stearate, sunfloweroyl methylglucamide, tocopheryl succinate methylglucamide, and a mixture thereof. 8. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the alkanolamide has a carbon chain containing 2 to 36 carbons. 9. The hair cleansing composition of claim 8, wherein the alkanolamide comprises at least one of a fatty acid diethanolamide (DEA), fatty acid monoethanolamides (MEA), fatty acid monoisopropanolamides (MIPA), fatty acid diisopropanolamides (DIPA), or fatty acid glucamides (acyl glucamides). 10. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the alkanolamide is selected from oleic acid diethanolamide, myristic acid monoethanolamide, soya fatty acids diethanolamide, stearic acid ethanolamide, oleic acid monoisopropanolamide, linoleic acid diethanolamide, stearic acid monoethanolamide (Stearamide MEA), behenic acid monoethanolamide, isostearic acid monoisopropanolamide (isostearamide MIPA), erucic acid diethanolamide, ricinoleic acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoisopropanolamide (cocoamide MIPA), coconut acid monoethanolamide (Cocamide MEA), palm kernel fatty acid diethanolamide, coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, lauric diethanolamide, polyoxyethylene coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, lauric monoethanolamide, lauric acid monoisopropanolamide (lauramide MIPA), myristic acid monoisopropanolamide (Myristamide MIPA), coconut fatty acid diisopropanolamide (cocamide DIPA), and a mixture thereof. 11. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1, wherein the non-silicone oil is a plant based oil selected from coconut oil, soybean oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, tung oil, jatropha oil, mustard oil, camelina oil, pennycress oil, castor oil, wheatgerm oil, apricot kernel oil, pistachio oil, poppy oil, pine oil, avocado oil, hazel nut oil, grapeseed oil, colza oil, cade oil, peach kernel oil, coffee bean oil, jojoba oil, and a mixture thereof. 12. The hair cleansing composition of claim 11, wherein the plant based oil includes at least coconut oil. 13. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1 further comprising:
(f) about 0.01 to about 10 wt. % of a cationic polymer. 14. The hair cleansing composition of claim 1 further comprising:
(h) about 0.01 to about 15 wt. % of a silicone. 15. A hair cleansing composition comprising:
(a) about 8 to about 20 wt. % of a sulfate based anionic surfactant; (b) about 1 to about 2 wt. % of an amphoteric surfactant; (c) about 4 to about 10 wt. % of a plurality of nonionic surfactants, the plurality of nonionic surfactants comprising:
(i) about 1 to about 1.5 wt. % of a fatty alcohol,
(ii) about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of a glucamide, and
(iii) about 1.5 to about 5.5 wt. % of an alkanolamide that is not a glucamide,
wherein a weight ratio of an amount of the fatty alcohols of (i) to an amount of the glucamide of (ii) is 1:1.5 to 1:2.5
(d) about 0.5 to 1.5 wt. % of a plant based oil, wherein the plant based oil comprises coconut oil; (e) water; (f) about 0.01 to about 3 wt. % of a cationic polymer; and (h) about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % of a silicone,
wherein all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the hair cleansing composition. 16. A method of cleaning hair comprising:
(a) applying the hair cleansing composition of claim 1 to hair; and (b) rinsing the hair for removing the hair cleansing composition. 17. A method for preparing the hair cleansing composition of claim 1 comprising:
(I) preparing a mixture comprising:
(a) about 8 to about 20 wt. % of a sulfate based anionic surfactant;
(b) about 1 to about 4 wt. % of an amphoteric surfactant;
(c) about 4 to about 10 wt. % of a plurality of nonionic surfactants, the plurality of nonionic surfactants comprising:
(i) about 1 to about 1.5 wt. % of a fatty alcohol,
(ii) about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of a glucamide, and
(iii) about 1.5 to about 5.5 wt. % of an alkanolamide that is not the glucamide,
(e) water,
(II) applying heat to the mixture; and
(III) adding (d) about 0.5 wt. % or more of a non-silicone oil before or after applying heat to the mixture,
wherein all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the prepared hair cleansing composition. 18. A method of cleaning hair comprising:
(I) applying the hair cleansing composition, the hair cleansing composition comprising:
(a) about 8 to about 20 wt. % of a sulfate based anionic surfactant;
(b) about 1 to about 4 wt. % of an amphoteric surfactant;
(c) about 4 to about 10 wt. % of a plurality of nonionic surfactants, the plurality of nonionic surfactants comprising:
(i) about 1 to about 1.5 wt. % of a fatty alcohol,
(ii) about 1.5 to about 3 wt. % of a glucamide, and
(iii) about 1.5 to about 5.5 wt. % of an alkanolamide that is not the glucamide,
(d) about 0.5 wt. % or more of a non-silicone oil before or after applying heat to the mixture; and
(e) water, wherein all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the prepared hair cleansing composition, and
(II) rinsing the hair cleansing composition from the hair. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the hair cleansing compositions has a weight ratio of an amount of the fatty alcohols of (i) to an amount of the glucamide of (ii) is 1:1.3 to 1:2.5. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the fatty alcohol is selected from cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, eicosyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, 2-dodecylhexadecanol, 2-tetradecyl-1-octadecanol, 2-tetradecyl-1-eicosanol, 2-hexadecyl-1-octadecanol, 2-hexadecyl-1-eicosanol, and a mixture thereof;
the glucamide is selected from lauroyl/myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/capryl methyl glucamide, lauroyl methyl glucamide, myristoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl methyl glucamide, capryl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, capryloyl/caproyl methyl glucamide, cocoyl methyl glucamide, lauryl methylglucamide, oleoyl methylglucamide oleate, stearoyl methylglucamide stearate, sunfloweroyl methylglucamide, tocopheryl succinate methylglucamide, and a mixture thereof; and the alkanolamide is selected from oleic acid diethanolamide, myristic acid monoethanolamide, soya fatty acids diethanolamide, stearic acid ethanolamide, oleic acid monoisopropanolamide, linoleic acid diethanolamide, stearic acid monoethanolamide (Stearamide MEA), behenic acid monoethanolamide, isostearic acid monoisopropanolamide (isostearamide MIPA), erucic acid diethanolamide, ricinoleic acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoisopropanolamide (cocoamide MIPA), coconut acid monoethanolamide (Cocamide MEA), palm kernel fatty acid diethanolamide, coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, lauric diethanolamide, polyoxyethylene coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide, lauric monoethanolamide, lauric acid monoisopropanolamide (lauramide MIPA), myristic acid monoisopropanolamide (Myristamide MIPA), coconut fatty acid diisopropanolamide (cocamide DIPA), and a mixture thereof. | 2,800 |
346,515 | 16,804,978 | 2,875 | A method of identifying a target from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data without incurring the computational load associated with generating an SAR image. The method includes receiving SAR data collected by a radar system including RF phase history data associated with reflected RF pulses from a target in a scene, but excluding an SAR image. Range profile data is determined from the SAR data by converting the RF phase history data into a structured temporal array that can be applied as input to a classifier incorporating a recurrent neural network, such as a recurrent neural network made up of long short-term memory (LSTM) cells that are configured to recognize temporal or spatial characteristics associated with a target, and provide an identification of a target based on the recognized temporal or spatial characteristic. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected by a radar system, wherein the SAR data comprises radio frequency (RF) phase history data associated with reflected RE pukes from at least one object in a scene, and wherein the SAR data excludes an SAR image; determining range profile data from the SAR data by converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RF pulses into a temporal range-profile array structured to represent detected ranges of the at least one object at a plurality of time steps; applying the range profile data to a classifier comprising a recurrent neural network configured to recognize, within the range profile data, a temporal characteristic or a spatial characteristic associated with a target; and providing an identification of a target associated with the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the range profile data to the classifier comprises extracting segments from the range profile data, wherein each segment comprises a portion of the range profile data at a sequential subset of the plurality of time steps and providing each segment serially as input to the classifier, and wherein the classifier is further configured to recognize, within each segment, the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic associated with the target. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for each of the segments is non-overlapping with any other sequential subset of the plurality of time steps. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for a first of the segments includes a time step that is included in the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps of a second segment. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RF pulses into the temporal range-profile array comprises applying a one-dimensional fast Fourier transform in the RF pulse domain to the RF phase history data to generate a two-dimensional range-profile array. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the recurrent neural network comprises long short-term memory (LSTM) cells configured to identify a spatial-temporal correlation pattern within the range profile sequence segments. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the radar system and the classifier are co-located on a vehicle. 8. An apparatus, comprising processing circuitry and a memory storing executable instructions that, in response to execution by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to at least:
receive synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected by a radar system, wherein the SAR data comprises radio frequency (RF) phase history data associated with reflected RF pulses from at least one object in a scene, and wherein the SAR data excludes an SAR image; determine range profile data from the SAR data by converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RF pulses into a temporal range-profile array structured to represent detected ranges of the at least one object at a plurality of time steps; apply the range profile data to a classifier comprising a recurrent neural network configured to recognize, within the range profile data, a temporal characteristic or a spatial characteristic associated with a target; and provide an identification of a target associated with the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus being caused to apply the range profile data to the classifier comprises being caused to extract segments from the range profile data; wherein each segment comprises a portion of the range profile data at a sequential subset of the plurality of time steps and providing each segment serially as input to the classifier, and wherein the classifier is further configured to recognize, within each segment, the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic associated with the target. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for each of the segments is non-overlapping with any other sequential subset of the plurality of time steps. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for a first of the segments includes a time step that is included in the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps of a second segment. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RF pulses into the temporal range-profile array comprises applying a one-dimensional fast Fourier transform in the RF pulse domain to the RP phase history data to generate a two-dimensional range-profile array. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the recurrent neural network comprises long short-term memory (LSTM) cells configured to identify a spatial-temporal correlation pattern within the range profile sequence segments. 14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the radar system and the classifier are co-located on a vehicle. 15. A computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium being non-transitory and having computer-readable program code portions stored therein that in response to execution by a processor, cause an apparatus to perform operations comprising:
receiving synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from a radar system, wherein the SAR data comprises radio frequency (RF) phase history data associated with reflected RF pulses from at least one object in a scene, and wherein the SAR data excludes an SAR image; determining range profile data from the SAR data by converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RF pulses into a temporal array structured to represent detected ranges of the at least one object at a plurality of time steps; applying the range profile data to a classifier comprising a recurrent neural network configured to recognize, within the range profile data, a temporal characteristic or a spatial characteristic associated with a target; and providing an identification of a target associated with the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise applying the range profile data to the classifier comprises being caused to extract segments from the range profile data, wherein each segment comprises a portion of the range profile data at a sequential subset of the plurality of time steps and providing each segment serially as input to the classifier, and wherein the classifier is further configured to recognize, within each segment, the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic associated with the target. 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for each of the segments is non-overlapping with any other sequential subset of the plurality of time steps. 18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for a first of the segments includes a time step that is included in the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps of a second segment. 19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RE pulses into the temporal array comprises applying a one-dimensional fast Fourier transform in the RF pulse domain to the RF phase history data to generate a two-dimensional range-profile array. 20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the recurrent neural network comprises long short-term memory (LSTM) cells configured to identify a spatial-temporal correlation pattern within the range profile sequence segments. | A method of identifying a target from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data without incurring the computational load associated with generating an SAR image. The method includes receiving SAR data collected by a radar system including RF phase history data associated with reflected RF pulses from a target in a scene, but excluding an SAR image. Range profile data is determined from the SAR data by converting the RF phase history data into a structured temporal array that can be applied as input to a classifier incorporating a recurrent neural network, such as a recurrent neural network made up of long short-term memory (LSTM) cells that are configured to recognize temporal or spatial characteristics associated with a target, and provide an identification of a target based on the recognized temporal or spatial characteristic.1. A method, comprising:
receiving synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected by a radar system, wherein the SAR data comprises radio frequency (RF) phase history data associated with reflected RE pukes from at least one object in a scene, and wherein the SAR data excludes an SAR image; determining range profile data from the SAR data by converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RF pulses into a temporal range-profile array structured to represent detected ranges of the at least one object at a plurality of time steps; applying the range profile data to a classifier comprising a recurrent neural network configured to recognize, within the range profile data, a temporal characteristic or a spatial characteristic associated with a target; and providing an identification of a target associated with the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the range profile data to the classifier comprises extracting segments from the range profile data, wherein each segment comprises a portion of the range profile data at a sequential subset of the plurality of time steps and providing each segment serially as input to the classifier, and wherein the classifier is further configured to recognize, within each segment, the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic associated with the target. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for each of the segments is non-overlapping with any other sequential subset of the plurality of time steps. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for a first of the segments includes a time step that is included in the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps of a second segment. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RF pulses into the temporal range-profile array comprises applying a one-dimensional fast Fourier transform in the RF pulse domain to the RF phase history data to generate a two-dimensional range-profile array. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the recurrent neural network comprises long short-term memory (LSTM) cells configured to identify a spatial-temporal correlation pattern within the range profile sequence segments. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the radar system and the classifier are co-located on a vehicle. 8. An apparatus, comprising processing circuitry and a memory storing executable instructions that, in response to execution by the processing circuitry, cause the apparatus to at least:
receive synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected by a radar system, wherein the SAR data comprises radio frequency (RF) phase history data associated with reflected RF pulses from at least one object in a scene, and wherein the SAR data excludes an SAR image; determine range profile data from the SAR data by converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RF pulses into a temporal range-profile array structured to represent detected ranges of the at least one object at a plurality of time steps; apply the range profile data to a classifier comprising a recurrent neural network configured to recognize, within the range profile data, a temporal characteristic or a spatial characteristic associated with a target; and provide an identification of a target associated with the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the apparatus being caused to apply the range profile data to the classifier comprises being caused to extract segments from the range profile data; wherein each segment comprises a portion of the range profile data at a sequential subset of the plurality of time steps and providing each segment serially as input to the classifier, and wherein the classifier is further configured to recognize, within each segment, the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic associated with the target. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for each of the segments is non-overlapping with any other sequential subset of the plurality of time steps. 11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for a first of the segments includes a time step that is included in the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps of a second segment. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RF pulses into the temporal range-profile array comprises applying a one-dimensional fast Fourier transform in the RF pulse domain to the RP phase history data to generate a two-dimensional range-profile array. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the recurrent neural network comprises long short-term memory (LSTM) cells configured to identify a spatial-temporal correlation pattern within the range profile sequence segments. 14. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the radar system and the classifier are co-located on a vehicle. 15. A computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium being non-transitory and having computer-readable program code portions stored therein that in response to execution by a processor, cause an apparatus to perform operations comprising:
receiving synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from a radar system, wherein the SAR data comprises radio frequency (RF) phase history data associated with reflected RF pulses from at least one object in a scene, and wherein the SAR data excludes an SAR image; determining range profile data from the SAR data by converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RF pulses into a temporal array structured to represent detected ranges of the at least one object at a plurality of time steps; applying the range profile data to a classifier comprising a recurrent neural network configured to recognize, within the range profile data, a temporal characteristic or a spatial characteristic associated with a target; and providing an identification of a target associated with the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise applying the range profile data to the classifier comprises being caused to extract segments from the range profile data, wherein each segment comprises a portion of the range profile data at a sequential subset of the plurality of time steps and providing each segment serially as input to the classifier, and wherein the classifier is further configured to recognize, within each segment, the temporal characteristic or the spatial characteristic associated with the target. 17. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for each of the segments is non-overlapping with any other sequential subset of the plurality of time steps. 18. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps for a first of the segments includes a time step that is included in the sequential subset of the plurality of time steps of a second segment. 19. The computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the converting the RF phase history data associated with the reflected RE pulses into the temporal array comprises applying a one-dimensional fast Fourier transform in the RF pulse domain to the RF phase history data to generate a two-dimensional range-profile array. 20. The computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the recurrent neural network comprises long short-term memory (LSTM) cells configured to identify a spatial-temporal correlation pattern within the range profile sequence segments. | 2,800 |
346,516 | 16,804,962 | 2,875 | A lighting fixture for use in a security detention facility. The lighting fixture includes a unitary housing adapted to be mounted to a surface in the security detention facility, a first bracket disposed within the unitary housing, and a light source coupled to the first bracket, the light source including a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). When the unitary housing is mounted to the surface in the security detention facility, the internal components of the lighting fixture (e.g., the light source) are not accessible, such that inmates of the security detention facility are unable to damage the internal components of the lighting fixture or access the internal components of the lighting fixture to hide weapons or contraband therein or use those components to harm themselves, other inmates, and/or security personnel. | 1. A lighting fixture for use in a facility, the lighting fixture comprising:
a unitary housing adapted to be mounted to a surface in the facility; a first bracket disposed within the unitary housing; and a light source coupled to the first bracket, the light source comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), wherein the light source is not accessible when the unitary housing is mounted to the surface in the facility. 2. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) and a light-emitting diode (LED) board including the plurality of LEDs, wherein the LED board is arranged on the PCB. 3. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the light source is coupled to the first bracket via a plurality of fasteners. 4. The lighting fixture of claim 1, further comprising:
a lens fixedly coupled to the unitary housing; and a second bracket disposed within the unitary housing, wherein the lens is seated against the second bracket within the unitary housing. 5. The lighting fixture of claim 1, further comprising a lens assembly non-movably coupled to the unitary housing, wherein the lens assembly comprises a first lens and a second lens. 6. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the unitary housing comprises a top wall and first and second side walls that extend from the top wall, the lens fixedly coupled to the unitary housing between the top wall and the first bracket, and the lens having a side that directly contacts the top wall of the unitary housing. 7. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the first bracket comprises a body, a first wing extending outward from the body in a first direction, and a second wing extending outward from the body in a second direction opposite the first direction, and wherein the light source is coupled to the body of the first bracket. 8. The lighting fixture of claim 7, further comprising a driver coupled to the first wing of the first bracket, wherein the driver is seated against the first wing of the bracket at a position offset from the longitudinal axis of the unitary housing. 9. The lighting fixture of claim 8, further comprising a driver cover mounted to the first bracket, wherein the driver is disposed between the first bracket and the driver cover. 10. A lighting fixture for use in a facility, the lighting fixture comprising:
a unitary housing adapted to be mounted to a surface in the facility; a first bracket disposed within the unitary housing; a light source coupled to the first bracket, the light source comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs); a second bracket disposed within the unitary housing; and a lens fixedly coupled to the unitary housing, the lens seated against the second bracket within the unitary housing. 11. The lighting fixture of claim 10, wherein the light source comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) and a light-emitting diode (LED) board including the plurality of LEDs, wherein the LED board is arranged on the PCB. 12. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the unitary housing comprises a top wall and first and second side walls that extend from the top wall, the lens fixedly coupled to the unitary housing between the top wall and the first bracket, and the lens having a side that directly contacts the top wall of the unitary housing. 13. The lighting fixture of claim 12, wherein the first bracket comprises a body, a first wing extending from the body and disposed between the body and the first side wall, and a second wing extending from the body and disposed between the body and the second side wall. 14. The lighting fixture of claim 10, wherein the first bracket comprises a body, a first wing extending outward from the body in a first direction, and a second wing extending outward from the body in a second direction opposite the first direction, and wherein the light source is coupled to the body of the first bracket. 15. The lighting fixture of claim 14, further comprising a driver coupled to the first wing of the first bracket, wherein the driver is seated against the first wing of the bracket at a position offset from the longitudinal axis of the unitary housing. 16. The lighting fixture of claim 15, further comprising a driver cover mounted to the first bracket, wherein the driver is disposed between the first bracket and the driver cover. 17. A lighting fixture for use in a facility, the lighting fixture comprising:
a unitary housing adapted to be mounted to a surface in the facility; a first bracket disposed within the unitary housing; a light source coupled to the first bracket via a plurality of fasteners, the light source comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs); a second bracket fixedly disposed within the unitary housing; a lens seated against the second bracket within the unitary housing; a driver configured to electrically power the light source; and a driver cover mounted to the first bracket, wherein the driver is disposed between the first bracket and the driver cover. 18. The lighting fixture of claim 17, wherein the light source comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) and a light-emitting diode (LED) board including the plurality of LEDs, wherein the LED board is arranged on the PCB. 19. The lighting fixture of claim 17, wherein the first bracket comprises a body, a first wing extending from the body, and a second wing extending from the body, and wherein the light source is coupled to the body of the first bracket. 20. The lighting fixture of claim 19, wherein the driver is seated against the first wing of the bracket at a position offset from a longitudinal axis of the unitary housing. | A lighting fixture for use in a security detention facility. The lighting fixture includes a unitary housing adapted to be mounted to a surface in the security detention facility, a first bracket disposed within the unitary housing, and a light source coupled to the first bracket, the light source including a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). When the unitary housing is mounted to the surface in the security detention facility, the internal components of the lighting fixture (e.g., the light source) are not accessible, such that inmates of the security detention facility are unable to damage the internal components of the lighting fixture or access the internal components of the lighting fixture to hide weapons or contraband therein or use those components to harm themselves, other inmates, and/or security personnel.1. A lighting fixture for use in a facility, the lighting fixture comprising:
a unitary housing adapted to be mounted to a surface in the facility; a first bracket disposed within the unitary housing; and a light source coupled to the first bracket, the light source comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), wherein the light source is not accessible when the unitary housing is mounted to the surface in the facility. 2. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) and a light-emitting diode (LED) board including the plurality of LEDs, wherein the LED board is arranged on the PCB. 3. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the light source is coupled to the first bracket via a plurality of fasteners. 4. The lighting fixture of claim 1, further comprising:
a lens fixedly coupled to the unitary housing; and a second bracket disposed within the unitary housing, wherein the lens is seated against the second bracket within the unitary housing. 5. The lighting fixture of claim 1, further comprising a lens assembly non-movably coupled to the unitary housing, wherein the lens assembly comprises a first lens and a second lens. 6. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the unitary housing comprises a top wall and first and second side walls that extend from the top wall, the lens fixedly coupled to the unitary housing between the top wall and the first bracket, and the lens having a side that directly contacts the top wall of the unitary housing. 7. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the first bracket comprises a body, a first wing extending outward from the body in a first direction, and a second wing extending outward from the body in a second direction opposite the first direction, and wherein the light source is coupled to the body of the first bracket. 8. The lighting fixture of claim 7, further comprising a driver coupled to the first wing of the first bracket, wherein the driver is seated against the first wing of the bracket at a position offset from the longitudinal axis of the unitary housing. 9. The lighting fixture of claim 8, further comprising a driver cover mounted to the first bracket, wherein the driver is disposed between the first bracket and the driver cover. 10. A lighting fixture for use in a facility, the lighting fixture comprising:
a unitary housing adapted to be mounted to a surface in the facility; a first bracket disposed within the unitary housing; a light source coupled to the first bracket, the light source comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs); a second bracket disposed within the unitary housing; and a lens fixedly coupled to the unitary housing, the lens seated against the second bracket within the unitary housing. 11. The lighting fixture of claim 10, wherein the light source comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) and a light-emitting diode (LED) board including the plurality of LEDs, wherein the LED board is arranged on the PCB. 12. The lighting fixture of claim 1, wherein the unitary housing comprises a top wall and first and second side walls that extend from the top wall, the lens fixedly coupled to the unitary housing between the top wall and the first bracket, and the lens having a side that directly contacts the top wall of the unitary housing. 13. The lighting fixture of claim 12, wherein the first bracket comprises a body, a first wing extending from the body and disposed between the body and the first side wall, and a second wing extending from the body and disposed between the body and the second side wall. 14. The lighting fixture of claim 10, wherein the first bracket comprises a body, a first wing extending outward from the body in a first direction, and a second wing extending outward from the body in a second direction opposite the first direction, and wherein the light source is coupled to the body of the first bracket. 15. The lighting fixture of claim 14, further comprising a driver coupled to the first wing of the first bracket, wherein the driver is seated against the first wing of the bracket at a position offset from the longitudinal axis of the unitary housing. 16. The lighting fixture of claim 15, further comprising a driver cover mounted to the first bracket, wherein the driver is disposed between the first bracket and the driver cover. 17. A lighting fixture for use in a facility, the lighting fixture comprising:
a unitary housing adapted to be mounted to a surface in the facility; a first bracket disposed within the unitary housing; a light source coupled to the first bracket via a plurality of fasteners, the light source comprising a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs); a second bracket fixedly disposed within the unitary housing; a lens seated against the second bracket within the unitary housing; a driver configured to electrically power the light source; and a driver cover mounted to the first bracket, wherein the driver is disposed between the first bracket and the driver cover. 18. The lighting fixture of claim 17, wherein the light source comprises a printed circuit board (PCB) and a light-emitting diode (LED) board including the plurality of LEDs, wherein the LED board is arranged on the PCB. 19. The lighting fixture of claim 17, wherein the first bracket comprises a body, a first wing extending from the body, and a second wing extending from the body, and wherein the light source is coupled to the body of the first bracket. 20. The lighting fixture of claim 19, wherein the driver is seated against the first wing of the bracket at a position offset from a longitudinal axis of the unitary housing. | 2,800 |
346,517 | 16,804,998 | 2,875 | A method for machining toothed and hardened work wheels, includes: mounting a work wheel that is hardened and pre-toothed with an allowance onto a workpiece spindle; removing at least 50% of the allowance by means of gear skiving with a skiving wheel that is rotatably driven by a tool spindle; precision-machining the work wheel in unchanged tension by means of a honing wheel. The forward movement occurs during gear skiving in the extension direction of the toothing. The delivery of the workpiece that is moved in an oscillating manner in the extension direction of the toothing occurs during honing in the radial direction. The skiving wheel and the honing wheel are driven by a common tool spindle. A device for carrying out the method includes a workpiece spindle, which is driven to rotate, and a tool spindle, which carries a combination tool having a skiving wheel and a honing wheel. | 1.-15. (canceled) 16. A device for carrying out a method for machining a work wheel being prepared in an unhardened state with teeth having an allowance; being hardened to a surface hardness of at least 45 HRC and having a hardness distortion error less than the allowance, comprising:
a workpiece spindle that is configured to be driven to rotate, the workpiece spindle having a chuck for chucking the work wheel to be machined; a tool spindle that is configured to be driven to rotate in synchronization with the workpiece spindle, the tool spindle holding a skiving wheel and a honing wheel; and a programmed electronic control unit controlling a rotational movement of the tool spindle and that of the workpiece spindle, a feed motion and a forward movement; wherein the control unit is equipped so that, after chucking said work wheel onto the workpiece spindle, at least 50% of the allowance is removable by gear skiving with the skiving wheel driven to rotate by the tool spindle, and then the work wheel is configured to be precision machined using the honing wheel driven to rotate by the tool spindle during the same chucking, and wherein the forward movement in gear skiving takes place in a direction of extent of the gearing, and the feed motion of the work wheel oscillating in a direction of extent of the toothing takes place in the radial direction during honing, wherein the skiving wheel and the honing wheel sit on the same tool spindle and are formed by a combination tool. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized by a dressing tool being located in the machine for dressing the honing wheel being carried by the tool spindle. 18. A device according to claim 16, wherein the skiving wheel is a hard metal skiving wheel. 19. A device according to claim 16, wherein the honing wheel is a ceramically bonded, in particular dressable, honing wheel. 20. The device of claim 16, wherein the honing wheel is a CBN tool. 21. A tool comprising a skiving wheel and a honing wheel being combined coaxially and axially, one after the other, to form a combination tool, which is configured to be driven to rotate by the same tool spindle. 22. A tool according to claim 21, wherein the skiving wheel is a hard metal skiving wheel. 23. A tool according to claim 21, wherein the honing wheel is a ceramically bonded, in particular dressable, honing wheel. 24. The tool according to claim 21, wherein the honing wheel is a CBN tool. | A method for machining toothed and hardened work wheels, includes: mounting a work wheel that is hardened and pre-toothed with an allowance onto a workpiece spindle; removing at least 50% of the allowance by means of gear skiving with a skiving wheel that is rotatably driven by a tool spindle; precision-machining the work wheel in unchanged tension by means of a honing wheel. The forward movement occurs during gear skiving in the extension direction of the toothing. The delivery of the workpiece that is moved in an oscillating manner in the extension direction of the toothing occurs during honing in the radial direction. The skiving wheel and the honing wheel are driven by a common tool spindle. A device for carrying out the method includes a workpiece spindle, which is driven to rotate, and a tool spindle, which carries a combination tool having a skiving wheel and a honing wheel.1.-15. (canceled) 16. A device for carrying out a method for machining a work wheel being prepared in an unhardened state with teeth having an allowance; being hardened to a surface hardness of at least 45 HRC and having a hardness distortion error less than the allowance, comprising:
a workpiece spindle that is configured to be driven to rotate, the workpiece spindle having a chuck for chucking the work wheel to be machined; a tool spindle that is configured to be driven to rotate in synchronization with the workpiece spindle, the tool spindle holding a skiving wheel and a honing wheel; and a programmed electronic control unit controlling a rotational movement of the tool spindle and that of the workpiece spindle, a feed motion and a forward movement; wherein the control unit is equipped so that, after chucking said work wheel onto the workpiece spindle, at least 50% of the allowance is removable by gear skiving with the skiving wheel driven to rotate by the tool spindle, and then the work wheel is configured to be precision machined using the honing wheel driven to rotate by the tool spindle during the same chucking, and wherein the forward movement in gear skiving takes place in a direction of extent of the gearing, and the feed motion of the work wheel oscillating in a direction of extent of the toothing takes place in the radial direction during honing, wherein the skiving wheel and the honing wheel sit on the same tool spindle and are formed by a combination tool. 17. The device according to claim 16, characterized by a dressing tool being located in the machine for dressing the honing wheel being carried by the tool spindle. 18. A device according to claim 16, wherein the skiving wheel is a hard metal skiving wheel. 19. A device according to claim 16, wherein the honing wheel is a ceramically bonded, in particular dressable, honing wheel. 20. The device of claim 16, wherein the honing wheel is a CBN tool. 21. A tool comprising a skiving wheel and a honing wheel being combined coaxially and axially, one after the other, to form a combination tool, which is configured to be driven to rotate by the same tool spindle. 22. A tool according to claim 21, wherein the skiving wheel is a hard metal skiving wheel. 23. A tool according to claim 21, wherein the honing wheel is a ceramically bonded, in particular dressable, honing wheel. 24. The tool according to claim 21, wherein the honing wheel is a CBN tool. | 2,800 |
346,518 | 16,804,951 | 2,875 | The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same for the inhibition of TYK2, and the treatment of TYK2-mediated disorders. | 1-11. (canceled) 12. A method of inhibiting TYK2 in a biological sample comprising contacting the sample with a compound of formula I′: 13. A method of treating an TYK2-mediated disorder, disease, or condition in a patient comprising administering to said patient a compound of formula I′, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof: 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the disorder is selected from an autoimmune disorder, an inflammatory disorder, a proliferative disorder, an endocrine disorder, a neurological disorder, or a disorder associated with transplantation. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is an autoimmune disorder. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the autoimmune disorder is selected from type 1 diabetes, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is an inflammatory disorder. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the inflammatory disorder is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. 19. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is a proliferative disorder. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the proliferative disorder is a hematological cancer. 21. The method of claim 19 wherein the proliferative disorder is a leukemia. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the leukemia is a T-cell leukemia. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the T-cell leukemia is T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). 24. The method of claim 19 wherein the proliferative disorder is associated with one or more activating mutations in TYK2. 25. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is associated with transplantation. 26. The method of claim 25 wherein the disorder is transplant rejection or graft versus host disease. 27. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is an endocrine disorder. 28. The method of claim 27 wherein the endocrine disorder is polycystic ovary syndrome, Crouzon's syndrome, or type 1 diabetes. 29. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is a neurological disorder. 30. The method of claim 29 wherein the neurological disorder is Alzheimer's disease. 31. The method of claim 13 wherein the disorder is associated with type I interferon, IL-10, IL-12, or IL-23 signaling. | The present invention provides compounds, compositions thereof, and methods of using the same for the inhibition of TYK2, and the treatment of TYK2-mediated disorders.1-11. (canceled) 12. A method of inhibiting TYK2 in a biological sample comprising contacting the sample with a compound of formula I′: 13. A method of treating an TYK2-mediated disorder, disease, or condition in a patient comprising administering to said patient a compound of formula I′, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof: 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the disorder is selected from an autoimmune disorder, an inflammatory disorder, a proliferative disorder, an endocrine disorder, a neurological disorder, or a disorder associated with transplantation. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is an autoimmune disorder. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the autoimmune disorder is selected from type 1 diabetes, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is an inflammatory disorder. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the inflammatory disorder is selected from rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. 19. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is a proliferative disorder. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the proliferative disorder is a hematological cancer. 21. The method of claim 19 wherein the proliferative disorder is a leukemia. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the leukemia is a T-cell leukemia. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the T-cell leukemia is T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). 24. The method of claim 19 wherein the proliferative disorder is associated with one or more activating mutations in TYK2. 25. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is associated with transplantation. 26. The method of claim 25 wherein the disorder is transplant rejection or graft versus host disease. 27. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is an endocrine disorder. 28. The method of claim 27 wherein the endocrine disorder is polycystic ovary syndrome, Crouzon's syndrome, or type 1 diabetes. 29. The method of claim 14 wherein the disorder is a neurological disorder. 30. The method of claim 29 wherein the neurological disorder is Alzheimer's disease. 31. The method of claim 13 wherein the disorder is associated with type I interferon, IL-10, IL-12, or IL-23 signaling. | 2,800 |
346,519 | 16,804,979 | 2,875 | A method of processing payment transactions includes receiving a connection request from a client device, determining whether a gateway is available for the client device, creating a connection between the client device and a gateway, the gateway being a previously existing gateway or a newly generated gateway, creating a message filter for the client device on a message bus, listening for messages on the message bus and transmitting the message to the client device by way of the gateway upon finding a message on the message bus matching the message filter. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of processing payment transactions, comprising:
determining whether a gateway is available for a client device; upon determining that a gateway is not available for the client device, generating a gateway; creating a connection between the client device and the generated gateway; and transmitting a message to the client device by way of the generated gateway, wherein the client device is stateless and state information for the client device, including an address of a point of sale (POS) device associated with the client device, is stored on the generated gateway. 22. The method of claim 21, the method further comprising:
receiving a connection request from a client device; creating a message filter for the client device on a message bus; listening for messages on the message bus; and upon finding a message on the message bus matching the message filter for the client device, translating the message from a message bus communication protocol to a communication protocol of the client device. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the message filter matches one or more of a message topic, a client device identifier, a recipient identity, and a recipient address. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the generated gateway is configured to maintain a connection to a single client device. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the generated gateway is configured to maintain a connection to a plurality of client devices. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the generated gateway is terminated after the client device associated with the generated gateway disconnects from the generated gateway or is terminated. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the generated gateway is among a plurality of gateways, and
wherein the generated gateway is terminated when a number of gateways among the plurality of gateways that are not connected to a client device exceeds a threshold. 28. A computer system for processing payment transactions, the system comprising:
a memory having processor-readable instructions stored therein; and a processor configured to access the memory and execute the processor-readable instructions, which when executed by the processor configures the processor to perform a plurality of functions, including functions to:
determine whether a gateway is available for a client device;
upon determining that a gateway is not available for the client device, generate a gateway;
create a connection between the client device and the generated gateway; and
transmit a message to the client device by way of the generated gateway,
wherein the client device is stateless and state information for the client device, including an address of a point of sale (POS) device associated with the client device, is stored on the generated gateway. 29. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the plurality of functions performed by the processor when executing the processor-readable instructions further includes functions to:
receive a connection request from a client device; create a message filter for the client device on a message bus; listen for messages on the message bus; and upon finding a message on the message bus matching the message filter, translate the message from a message bus communication protocol to a communication protocol of the client device. 30. The computer system of claim 29, wherein the message filter matches one or more of a message topic, a client device identifier, a recipient identity, and a recipient address. 31. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the generated gateway is configured to maintain a connection to a plurality of client devices. 32. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the generated gateway is terminated after the client device associated with the generated gateway disconnects from the generated gateway or is terminated. 33. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the generated gateway is among a plurality of gateways, and
wherein the generated gateway is terminated when a number of gateways among the plurality of gateways that are not connected to a client device exceeds a threshold. 34. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program causing a computer to execute a method of processing payment transactions, the method comprising:
determining whether a gateway is available for a client device; upon determining that a gateway is not available for the client device, generating a gateway; creating a connection between the client device and the generated gateway; and transmitting a message to the client device by way of the generated gateway, wherein the client device is stateless and state information for the client device, including an address of a point of sale (POS) device associated with the client device, is stored on the generated gateway. 35. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 34, the method further comprising:
receiving a connection request from a client device; creating a message filter for the client device on a message bus; listening for messages on the message bus; and upon finding a message on the message bus matching the message filter for the client device, translating the message from a message bus communication protocol to a communication protocol of the client device. 36. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 35, wherein the message filter matches one or more of a client device identifier, a recipient identity, and a recipient address. 37. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 34, wherein the generated gateway is configured to maintain a connection to a single client device. 38. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 34, wherein the generated gateway is configured to maintain a connection to a plurality of client devices. 39. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 34, wherein the generated gateway is terminated after the client device associated with the generated gateway disconnects from the generated gateway or is terminated. 40. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 34, wherein the generated gateway is among a plurality of gateways, and
wherein the generated gateway is terminated when a number of gateways among the plurality of gateways that are not connected to a client device exceeds a threshold. | A method of processing payment transactions includes receiving a connection request from a client device, determining whether a gateway is available for the client device, creating a connection between the client device and a gateway, the gateway being a previously existing gateway or a newly generated gateway, creating a message filter for the client device on a message bus, listening for messages on the message bus and transmitting the message to the client device by way of the gateway upon finding a message on the message bus matching the message filter.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of processing payment transactions, comprising:
determining whether a gateway is available for a client device; upon determining that a gateway is not available for the client device, generating a gateway; creating a connection between the client device and the generated gateway; and transmitting a message to the client device by way of the generated gateway, wherein the client device is stateless and state information for the client device, including an address of a point of sale (POS) device associated with the client device, is stored on the generated gateway. 22. The method of claim 21, the method further comprising:
receiving a connection request from a client device; creating a message filter for the client device on a message bus; listening for messages on the message bus; and upon finding a message on the message bus matching the message filter for the client device, translating the message from a message bus communication protocol to a communication protocol of the client device. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the message filter matches one or more of a message topic, a client device identifier, a recipient identity, and a recipient address. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the generated gateway is configured to maintain a connection to a single client device. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the generated gateway is configured to maintain a connection to a plurality of client devices. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the generated gateway is terminated after the client device associated with the generated gateway disconnects from the generated gateway or is terminated. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the generated gateway is among a plurality of gateways, and
wherein the generated gateway is terminated when a number of gateways among the plurality of gateways that are not connected to a client device exceeds a threshold. 28. A computer system for processing payment transactions, the system comprising:
a memory having processor-readable instructions stored therein; and a processor configured to access the memory and execute the processor-readable instructions, which when executed by the processor configures the processor to perform a plurality of functions, including functions to:
determine whether a gateway is available for a client device;
upon determining that a gateway is not available for the client device, generate a gateway;
create a connection between the client device and the generated gateway; and
transmit a message to the client device by way of the generated gateway,
wherein the client device is stateless and state information for the client device, including an address of a point of sale (POS) device associated with the client device, is stored on the generated gateway. 29. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the plurality of functions performed by the processor when executing the processor-readable instructions further includes functions to:
receive a connection request from a client device; create a message filter for the client device on a message bus; listen for messages on the message bus; and upon finding a message on the message bus matching the message filter, translate the message from a message bus communication protocol to a communication protocol of the client device. 30. The computer system of claim 29, wherein the message filter matches one or more of a message topic, a client device identifier, a recipient identity, and a recipient address. 31. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the generated gateway is configured to maintain a connection to a plurality of client devices. 32. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the generated gateway is terminated after the client device associated with the generated gateway disconnects from the generated gateway or is terminated. 33. The computer system of claim 28, wherein the generated gateway is among a plurality of gateways, and
wherein the generated gateway is terminated when a number of gateways among the plurality of gateways that are not connected to a client device exceeds a threshold. 34. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing a program causing a computer to execute a method of processing payment transactions, the method comprising:
determining whether a gateway is available for a client device; upon determining that a gateway is not available for the client device, generating a gateway; creating a connection between the client device and the generated gateway; and transmitting a message to the client device by way of the generated gateway, wherein the client device is stateless and state information for the client device, including an address of a point of sale (POS) device associated with the client device, is stored on the generated gateway. 35. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 34, the method further comprising:
receiving a connection request from a client device; creating a message filter for the client device on a message bus; listening for messages on the message bus; and upon finding a message on the message bus matching the message filter for the client device, translating the message from a message bus communication protocol to a communication protocol of the client device. 36. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 35, wherein the message filter matches one or more of a client device identifier, a recipient identity, and a recipient address. 37. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 34, wherein the generated gateway is configured to maintain a connection to a single client device. 38. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 34, wherein the generated gateway is configured to maintain a connection to a plurality of client devices. 39. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 34, wherein the generated gateway is terminated after the client device associated with the generated gateway disconnects from the generated gateway or is terminated. 40. The non-transitory computer readable medium according to claim 34, wherein the generated gateway is among a plurality of gateways, and
wherein the generated gateway is terminated when a number of gateways among the plurality of gateways that are not connected to a client device exceeds a threshold. | 2,800 |
346,520 | 16,804,959 | 2,875 | A non-transitory computer readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for a game device having a processor, in which the program causes the processor to: identify a game element in a virtual space, or a position of the game element in the virtual space, based on an indicated direction in the virtual space in accordance with an operation input made by a user; and generate first information to enable a position designation image to be displayed on a display unit, the position designation image being to representative of the position in the virtual space depending on an identification result obtained by identifying the game element or the position of the game element. | 1. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for a game device having a processor, the program causing the processor to:
identify a game element in a virtual space, or a position of the game element in the virtual space, based on an indicated direction in the virtual space in accordance with an operation input made by a user; and generate first information to enable a position designation image to be to displayed on a display unit, the position designation image being representative of the position in the virtual space depending on an identification result obtained by identifying the game element or the position of the game element. 2. The recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the game device is configured to communicate with another game device, and wherein the first information is information for causing the other game device to display, on the display unit, the position designation image at a position corresponding to the game element in a first field image representative of the virtual space. 3. The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the program causes the processor to identify a game element intersecting with a line extending in the indicated direction, or a position of a game element intersecting with the line, in the virtual space. 4. The recording medium according to claim 3, wherein the program causes the processor to display a second field image representative of the virtual space, and to display a line image representative of a part of the line or the entire line in the second field image. 5. The recording medium according to claim 4,
wherein the program causes the processor to display, as the second to field image, an image representative of the virtual space when viewed from a virtual camera, and wherein the line intersects with the virtual camera. 6. The recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the program causes the processor to receive an input of a designation message associated with the game element, based on an operation input made by the user, and wherein the program causes the processor to generate second information to enable the designation message to be displayed on the display unit. 7. The recording medium according to claim 6,
wherein the program causes the processor to display a plurality of candidate messages when either the game element in the virtual space or the position of the game element in the virtual space is identified, and wherein the program causes the processor to receive an input of one candidate message selected as the designation message from among the candidate messages, based on the operation input made by the user. 8. The recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the program causes the processor to generate third information to enable a user identification image for identifying the user to be displayed on the display unit in association with the position designation image. 9. The recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the program causes the processor to generate fourth information to enable a history related to events to be displayed on the display unit, the events having occurred in the virtual space, and wherein the events include identification of the game element in the virtual space or the position of the game element in the virtual space. 10. The recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the game element is movable in the virtual space, and wherein when the game element is moving in the virtual space, the first information indicates a position at which the game element is located while moving in the virtual space. 11. A game device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that is operatively coupled to the processor and is configured to store instructions executed by the processor, wherein upon execution of the instructions the processor is configured to: identify a game element in a virtual space or a position of the game element in the virtual space, based on an indicated direction in the virtual space in accordance with an operation input made by a user; and generate first information to enable a position designation image to be displayed on the display unit, the position designation image being to representative of a position in the virtual space depending on an identification result obtained by identifying the game element or the position of the game element. 12. A game system comprising:
a first game device, and a second game device configured to communicate with the first game device, wherein the first game device includes:
a processor; and
a memory that is operatively coupled to the processor and is configured to store instructions executed by the processor,
wherein upon execution of the instructions the processor is configured to:
identify a game element in a virtual space or a position of the game element in the virtual space, based on an indicated direction in the virtual space in accordance with an operation input made by a user; and
generate first information to enable a position designation image to be displayed on a display unit, the position designation image being representative of a position in the virtual space depending on an identification result obtained by identifying the game element or the position of the game element, and
wherein the second game is configured to display the position designation image on the display unit, based on the first information. | A non-transitory computer readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for a game device having a processor, in which the program causes the processor to: identify a game element in a virtual space, or a position of the game element in the virtual space, based on an indicated direction in the virtual space in accordance with an operation input made by a user; and generate first information to enable a position designation image to be displayed on a display unit, the position designation image being to representative of the position in the virtual space depending on an identification result obtained by identifying the game element or the position of the game element.1. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for a game device having a processor, the program causing the processor to:
identify a game element in a virtual space, or a position of the game element in the virtual space, based on an indicated direction in the virtual space in accordance with an operation input made by a user; and generate first information to enable a position designation image to be to displayed on a display unit, the position designation image being representative of the position in the virtual space depending on an identification result obtained by identifying the game element or the position of the game element. 2. The recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the game device is configured to communicate with another game device, and wherein the first information is information for causing the other game device to display, on the display unit, the position designation image at a position corresponding to the game element in a first field image representative of the virtual space. 3. The recording medium according to claim 1, wherein the program causes the processor to identify a game element intersecting with a line extending in the indicated direction, or a position of a game element intersecting with the line, in the virtual space. 4. The recording medium according to claim 3, wherein the program causes the processor to display a second field image representative of the virtual space, and to display a line image representative of a part of the line or the entire line in the second field image. 5. The recording medium according to claim 4,
wherein the program causes the processor to display, as the second to field image, an image representative of the virtual space when viewed from a virtual camera, and wherein the line intersects with the virtual camera. 6. The recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the program causes the processor to receive an input of a designation message associated with the game element, based on an operation input made by the user, and wherein the program causes the processor to generate second information to enable the designation message to be displayed on the display unit. 7. The recording medium according to claim 6,
wherein the program causes the processor to display a plurality of candidate messages when either the game element in the virtual space or the position of the game element in the virtual space is identified, and wherein the program causes the processor to receive an input of one candidate message selected as the designation message from among the candidate messages, based on the operation input made by the user. 8. The recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the program causes the processor to generate third information to enable a user identification image for identifying the user to be displayed on the display unit in association with the position designation image. 9. The recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the program causes the processor to generate fourth information to enable a history related to events to be displayed on the display unit, the events having occurred in the virtual space, and wherein the events include identification of the game element in the virtual space or the position of the game element in the virtual space. 10. The recording medium according to claim 1,
wherein the game element is movable in the virtual space, and wherein when the game element is moving in the virtual space, the first information indicates a position at which the game element is located while moving in the virtual space. 11. A game device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that is operatively coupled to the processor and is configured to store instructions executed by the processor, wherein upon execution of the instructions the processor is configured to: identify a game element in a virtual space or a position of the game element in the virtual space, based on an indicated direction in the virtual space in accordance with an operation input made by a user; and generate first information to enable a position designation image to be displayed on the display unit, the position designation image being to representative of a position in the virtual space depending on an identification result obtained by identifying the game element or the position of the game element. 12. A game system comprising:
a first game device, and a second game device configured to communicate with the first game device, wherein the first game device includes:
a processor; and
a memory that is operatively coupled to the processor and is configured to store instructions executed by the processor,
wherein upon execution of the instructions the processor is configured to:
identify a game element in a virtual space or a position of the game element in the virtual space, based on an indicated direction in the virtual space in accordance with an operation input made by a user; and
generate first information to enable a position designation image to be displayed on a display unit, the position designation image being representative of a position in the virtual space depending on an identification result obtained by identifying the game element or the position of the game element, and
wherein the second game is configured to display the position designation image on the display unit, based on the first information. | 2,800 |
346,521 | 16,804,943 | 2,875 | A foil package includes a first foil substrate with a first and a second main surface, a second foil substrate with a first and a second main surface, wherein its first main surface is arranged facing the second main surface of the first foil substrate. The foil package includes at least one electronic device arranged between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate and a first electrically conductive layer structure structured into a plurality of first partial areas arranged on the second main surface of the first foil substrate. The plurality of partial areas incompletely cover the second main surface of the first foil substrate. The at least one electronic device includes a terminal side and a side opposite to the terminal side. | 1. Foil package, comprising:
a first foil substrate with a first main surface and an opposite second main surface; a second foil substrate with a first main surface and an opposite second main surface, wherein the first main surface of the second main foil substrate is arranged facing the second main surface of the first foil substrate; at least one electronic device arranged between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate; a first electrically conductive layer structure structured into a plurality of first partial areas arranged on the second main surface of the first foil substrate, wherein the plurality of partial areas incompletely cover the second main surface of the first foil substrate; wherein the at least one electronic device comprises a terminal side and a side opposite to the terminal side, wherein the terminal side is arranged facing the second main surface of the first foil substrate and comprises at least a first device terminal pad and a second device terminal pad; and wherein the opposite side is arranged facing the second foil substrate; wherein the first and second device terminal pads are each electrically connected to an allocated partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure via an electrically conductive non-detachable connection or conditionally detachable connection; wherein the foil package further comprises a casting compound arranged between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate mechanically contacting the first foil substrate and the at least one electronic device and delimiting the same with respect to the environment; wherein the foil package further comprises a second electrically conductive layer structure structured into a plurality of package pads arranged on the second main surface of the second foil substrate, wherein the plurality of package pads incompletely cover the second main surface of the second foil substrate; wherein at least a first electrically conductive path is arranged that electrically connects, by means of a via, a first package pad to a partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure and hence to the first device terminal pad; and a second electrically conductive path is arranged that electrically connects, by means of a via, a second package pad to a partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure and hence to the second device terminal pad; wherein the terminal side of the at least one electronic device extends in a reference plane and a projection of the first package pad and the second package pad into the reference plane is laterally adjacent and disjoint to the terminal area; wherein the first package pad and the second package pad are arranged in a planar area parallel to the reference plane within a first tolerance range; wherein the at least one electronic device comprises a dimension (d4) along a thickness direction perpendicular to the reference plane that is less than 60 μm; and wherein the first foil substrate comprises a dimension (d1) along a thickness direction that is less than 130 μm; and
wherein the second foil substrate comprises a dimension (d2) along the thickness direction that is less than 130 μm and
wherein the first electrically conductive layer structure comprises a dimension along the thickness direction that is less than 20 μm. 2. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first electrically conductive path runs laterally past the at least one electronic device and is configured to route an electrical signal between the first device terminal pad and the first package pad; and the second electrically conductive path runs laterally past the at least one electronic device and is configured to route an electrical signal between the second device terminal pad and the second package pad. 3. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the casting material at least partly adjusts a distance between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate, wherein the at least one electronic device is completely arranged within an area of the distance. 4. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the at least one electronic device is configured to provide a sensor functionality based on contacting with a medium, wherein the first or second foil substrate comprises a medium opening that is configured to provide the contact between the at least one electronic device and the medium. 5. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive non-detachable connection or conditionally detachable connection is a solder connection or an adhesive connection comprising an anisotropic electrically conductive adhesive. 6. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first foil substrate and/or the second foil substrate is flexible such that the foil package can be bent without destruction and in particular without damaging the at least one electronic device, wherein a bending radius RB is by at least 100 times greater than a dimension of the foil package along the thickness direction. 7. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first foil substrate and/or the second foil substrate comprises at least one of a polyimide layer, a polyethylene naphthalate layer, a polyethylene terephthalate layer and a polycarbonate layer. 8. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first electrically conductive layer structure is structured into a plurality of signal paths providing part of an electrical connection of a plurality of device terminal pads of the at least one electronic device to the second electrically conductive layer structure. 9. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first electrically conductive layer structure comprises at least one layer that is arranged adjacent to the first foil substrate and that provides adhesion of the first electrically conductive layer structure to the first foil substrate. 10. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the dimension of the first conductive layer structure comprises, in the area of contact with an electrical path, a greater dimension along the thickness direction compared to an area of the electrically non-detachable or conditionally detachable connection. 11. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first electrically conductive path and/or the second electrically conductive path is formed in a plugged-via shape starting from the second foil substrate. 12. Foil package according to claim 1 comprising a barrier structure arranged on the first main surface of the first foil substrate and/or the second main surface of the second foil substrate and providing a barrier for humidity and/or electromagnetic radiation. 13. Foil package according to claim 12, wherein the barrier structure comprises a first barrier layer formed in a low-resistance manner and providing electrical shielding. 14. Foil package according to claim 13, wherein a first barrier layer is connected in an electrically low-resistance manner to a supply potential of the at least one electronic device or to a package pad. 15. Foil package according to claim 12, wherein a first barrier layer of the barrier structure is connected in an electrically low-resistance manner to the electrically conductive layer structure. 16. Foil package according to claim 12, wherein the barrier structure comprises a second barrier layer that is formed in an electrically insulating manner. 17. Foil package according to claim 16, wherein the second barrier layer at least partly forms an outside of the foil package. 18. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the package pads are arranged in an SMD raster or QFN raster. 19. Foil package according to claim 1, further comprising a material layer on the side of the first main surface of the first foil substrate or on the side of the second main surface of the second foil substrate providing labelling of the foil package. 20. Foil package according to claim 1 comprising a thickness of at most 350 μm. 21. Method for producing a foil package, comprising:
providing a first foil substrate with a first main surface and an opposite second main surface; providing a second foil substrate with a first main surface and an opposite second main surface; arranging at least one electronic device between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate; such that the at least one electronic device comprises a terminal side and a side opposite to the terminal side, such that the terminal side is arranged facing the second main surface of the first foil substrate and comprises at least a first device terminal pad and a second device terminal pad; and such that the opposite side is arranged facing the second foil substrate; arranging a first electrically conductive layer structure structured into a plurality of first partial areas on the second main surface of the first foil substrate, such that the plurality of partial areas incompletely cover the second main surface of the first foil substrate; connecting the first and second device terminal pad each via an electrically conductive non-detachable connection or conditionally detachable connection to an allocated partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure; arranging a casting compound between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate contacting the first foil substrate and the at least one electronic device and delimiting the same with respect to the environment; arranging a second electrically conductive layer structure structured into a plurality of package pads on the second main surface of the second foil substrate such that the plurality of package pads incompletely cover the second main surface of the second foil substrate; arranging at least one first electrically conductive path electrically connecting, by means of a via, a first package pad to a partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure and hence to the first device terminal pad; and a second electrically conductive path electrically connecting, by means of a via, a second package pad to a partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure and hence to the second device terminal pad; such that the terminal area of the at least one electronic device extends in a reference plane and a projection of the first terminal pad and the second terminal pad into the reference plane is laterally adjacent and disjoint to the terminal area; such that the first package pad and the second package pad are arranged in a planar area parallel to the reference plane within a first tolerance range; such that the at least one electronic device comprises a dimension along a thickness direction perpendicular to the reference plane that is less than 60 μm; and such that the first foil substrate comprises a dimension along the thickness direction that is less than 130 μm; and such that the second foil substrate comprises a dimension along the thickness direction that is less than 130 μm; and such that the first electrically conductive layer structure comprises a dimension along the thickness direction that is less than 20 μm. 22. Method according to claim 21 configured as roll-to-roll method. | A foil package includes a first foil substrate with a first and a second main surface, a second foil substrate with a first and a second main surface, wherein its first main surface is arranged facing the second main surface of the first foil substrate. The foil package includes at least one electronic device arranged between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate and a first electrically conductive layer structure structured into a plurality of first partial areas arranged on the second main surface of the first foil substrate. The plurality of partial areas incompletely cover the second main surface of the first foil substrate. The at least one electronic device includes a terminal side and a side opposite to the terminal side.1. Foil package, comprising:
a first foil substrate with a first main surface and an opposite second main surface; a second foil substrate with a first main surface and an opposite second main surface, wherein the first main surface of the second main foil substrate is arranged facing the second main surface of the first foil substrate; at least one electronic device arranged between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate; a first electrically conductive layer structure structured into a plurality of first partial areas arranged on the second main surface of the first foil substrate, wherein the plurality of partial areas incompletely cover the second main surface of the first foil substrate; wherein the at least one electronic device comprises a terminal side and a side opposite to the terminal side, wherein the terminal side is arranged facing the second main surface of the first foil substrate and comprises at least a first device terminal pad and a second device terminal pad; and wherein the opposite side is arranged facing the second foil substrate; wherein the first and second device terminal pads are each electrically connected to an allocated partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure via an electrically conductive non-detachable connection or conditionally detachable connection; wherein the foil package further comprises a casting compound arranged between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate mechanically contacting the first foil substrate and the at least one electronic device and delimiting the same with respect to the environment; wherein the foil package further comprises a second electrically conductive layer structure structured into a plurality of package pads arranged on the second main surface of the second foil substrate, wherein the plurality of package pads incompletely cover the second main surface of the second foil substrate; wherein at least a first electrically conductive path is arranged that electrically connects, by means of a via, a first package pad to a partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure and hence to the first device terminal pad; and a second electrically conductive path is arranged that electrically connects, by means of a via, a second package pad to a partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure and hence to the second device terminal pad; wherein the terminal side of the at least one electronic device extends in a reference plane and a projection of the first package pad and the second package pad into the reference plane is laterally adjacent and disjoint to the terminal area; wherein the first package pad and the second package pad are arranged in a planar area parallel to the reference plane within a first tolerance range; wherein the at least one electronic device comprises a dimension (d4) along a thickness direction perpendicular to the reference plane that is less than 60 μm; and wherein the first foil substrate comprises a dimension (d1) along a thickness direction that is less than 130 μm; and
wherein the second foil substrate comprises a dimension (d2) along the thickness direction that is less than 130 μm and
wherein the first electrically conductive layer structure comprises a dimension along the thickness direction that is less than 20 μm. 2. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first electrically conductive path runs laterally past the at least one electronic device and is configured to route an electrical signal between the first device terminal pad and the first package pad; and the second electrically conductive path runs laterally past the at least one electronic device and is configured to route an electrical signal between the second device terminal pad and the second package pad. 3. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the casting material at least partly adjusts a distance between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate, wherein the at least one electronic device is completely arranged within an area of the distance. 4. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the at least one electronic device is configured to provide a sensor functionality based on contacting with a medium, wherein the first or second foil substrate comprises a medium opening that is configured to provide the contact between the at least one electronic device and the medium. 5. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive non-detachable connection or conditionally detachable connection is a solder connection or an adhesive connection comprising an anisotropic electrically conductive adhesive. 6. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first foil substrate and/or the second foil substrate is flexible such that the foil package can be bent without destruction and in particular without damaging the at least one electronic device, wherein a bending radius RB is by at least 100 times greater than a dimension of the foil package along the thickness direction. 7. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first foil substrate and/or the second foil substrate comprises at least one of a polyimide layer, a polyethylene naphthalate layer, a polyethylene terephthalate layer and a polycarbonate layer. 8. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first electrically conductive layer structure is structured into a plurality of signal paths providing part of an electrical connection of a plurality of device terminal pads of the at least one electronic device to the second electrically conductive layer structure. 9. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first electrically conductive layer structure comprises at least one layer that is arranged adjacent to the first foil substrate and that provides adhesion of the first electrically conductive layer structure to the first foil substrate. 10. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the dimension of the first conductive layer structure comprises, in the area of contact with an electrical path, a greater dimension along the thickness direction compared to an area of the electrically non-detachable or conditionally detachable connection. 11. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the first electrically conductive path and/or the second electrically conductive path is formed in a plugged-via shape starting from the second foil substrate. 12. Foil package according to claim 1 comprising a barrier structure arranged on the first main surface of the first foil substrate and/or the second main surface of the second foil substrate and providing a barrier for humidity and/or electromagnetic radiation. 13. Foil package according to claim 12, wherein the barrier structure comprises a first barrier layer formed in a low-resistance manner and providing electrical shielding. 14. Foil package according to claim 13, wherein a first barrier layer is connected in an electrically low-resistance manner to a supply potential of the at least one electronic device or to a package pad. 15. Foil package according to claim 12, wherein a first barrier layer of the barrier structure is connected in an electrically low-resistance manner to the electrically conductive layer structure. 16. Foil package according to claim 12, wherein the barrier structure comprises a second barrier layer that is formed in an electrically insulating manner. 17. Foil package according to claim 16, wherein the second barrier layer at least partly forms an outside of the foil package. 18. Foil package according to claim 1, wherein the package pads are arranged in an SMD raster or QFN raster. 19. Foil package according to claim 1, further comprising a material layer on the side of the first main surface of the first foil substrate or on the side of the second main surface of the second foil substrate providing labelling of the foil package. 20. Foil package according to claim 1 comprising a thickness of at most 350 μm. 21. Method for producing a foil package, comprising:
providing a first foil substrate with a first main surface and an opposite second main surface; providing a second foil substrate with a first main surface and an opposite second main surface; arranging at least one electronic device between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate; such that the at least one electronic device comprises a terminal side and a side opposite to the terminal side, such that the terminal side is arranged facing the second main surface of the first foil substrate and comprises at least a first device terminal pad and a second device terminal pad; and such that the opposite side is arranged facing the second foil substrate; arranging a first electrically conductive layer structure structured into a plurality of first partial areas on the second main surface of the first foil substrate, such that the plurality of partial areas incompletely cover the second main surface of the first foil substrate; connecting the first and second device terminal pad each via an electrically conductive non-detachable connection or conditionally detachable connection to an allocated partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure; arranging a casting compound between the first foil substrate and the second foil substrate contacting the first foil substrate and the at least one electronic device and delimiting the same with respect to the environment; arranging a second electrically conductive layer structure structured into a plurality of package pads on the second main surface of the second foil substrate such that the plurality of package pads incompletely cover the second main surface of the second foil substrate; arranging at least one first electrically conductive path electrically connecting, by means of a via, a first package pad to a partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure and hence to the first device terminal pad; and a second electrically conductive path electrically connecting, by means of a via, a second package pad to a partial area of the first electrically conductive layer structure and hence to the second device terminal pad; such that the terminal area of the at least one electronic device extends in a reference plane and a projection of the first terminal pad and the second terminal pad into the reference plane is laterally adjacent and disjoint to the terminal area; such that the first package pad and the second package pad are arranged in a planar area parallel to the reference plane within a first tolerance range; such that the at least one electronic device comprises a dimension along a thickness direction perpendicular to the reference plane that is less than 60 μm; and such that the first foil substrate comprises a dimension along the thickness direction that is less than 130 μm; and such that the second foil substrate comprises a dimension along the thickness direction that is less than 130 μm; and such that the first electrically conductive layer structure comprises a dimension along the thickness direction that is less than 20 μm. 22. Method according to claim 21 configured as roll-to-roll method. | 2,800 |
346,522 | 16,804,922 | 2,875 | A user equipment (UE) identifies a conflict between a system resource and a wake-up signal (WUS) resource associated with the UE while the UE is operating based on discontinuous reception (DRX). The UE modifies DRX operation in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. A base station identifies a conflict between a system resource and a WUS resource for a UE operating based on DRX. The base station modifies a transmission to the UE in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. | 1. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
identifying a conflict between a system resource and a wake-up signal (WUS) resource associated with the UE while the UE is operating based on discontinuous reception (DRX); and modifying DRX operation in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the system resource includes one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, a first broadcast signal including a system information block (SIB), a second broadcast signal including Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), a third broadcast signal including Other System Information (OSI), a group-specific reference signal, and a statically-reserved resource. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the conflict is identified based on an overlap in time between the WUS resource and the system resource. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the DRX operation includes refraining from monitoring for a WUS in the WUS resource that conflicts with the system resource. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
waking up during a DRX-On duration following the WUS resource without monitoring for the WUS. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the DRX operation includes applying at least one of a default DRX-On duration, a default DRX cycle duration, a default inactivity timer, or a default periodicity in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
waking up during a DRX-On duration without monitoring the WUS resource that conflicts with the system resource, wherein the UE wakes up based on the at least one of the default DRX-On duration, the default DRX cycle duration, the default inactivity timer, or the default periodicity. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the DRX operation includes applying at least one parameter from a payload of a previous WUS in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource, the at least parameter comprising one or more of a DRX-On duration, a DRX cycle duration, an inactivity timer, or a periodicity. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a modified DRX configuration, wherein modifying the DRX operation includes monitoring an adjusted WUS resource based on the modified DRX configuration in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the modified DRX configuration includes a modified DRX cycle duration. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the modified DRX configuration includes a modified DRX-On duration. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the monitoring the adjusted WUS resource based on the modified DRX configuration includes:
monitoring for a WUS at a non-overlapping location with respect to the system resource; and waking up prior to the system resource. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein monitoring the adjusted WUS resource based on the modified DRX configuration includes:
monitoring for a WUS at a non-overlapping location with respect to the system resource; and waking up after the system resource. 14. An apparatus for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
identify a conflict between a system resource and a wake-up signal (WUS) resource associated with the UE while the UE is operating based on discontinuous reception (DRX); and
modify DRX operation in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the system resource includes one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, a first broadcast signal including a system information block (SIB), a second broadcast signal including Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), a third broadcast signal including Other System Information (OSI), a group-specific reference signal, and a statically-reserved resource, and wherein the conflict is identified based on an overlap in time between the WUS resource and the system resource. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to modify the DRX operation by refraining from monitoring for a WUS in the WUS resource that conflicts with the system resource. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured:
wake up during a DRX-On duration following the WUS resource without monitoring for the WUS. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to modify the DRX operation by applying at least one of a default DRX-On duration, a default DRX cycle duration, a default inactivity timer, or a default periodicity in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured:
wake up during a DRX-On duration without monitoring the WUS resource that conflicts with the system resource, wherein the UE wakes up based on the at least one of the default DRX-On duration, the default DRX cycle duration, the default inactivity timer, or the default periodicity. 20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to modify the DRX operation by applying at least one parameter from a payload of a previous WUS in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource, the at least parameter comprising one or more of a DRX-On duration, a DRX cycle duration, an inactivity timer, or a periodicity. 21. A method of wireless communication at a base station, the method comprising:
identifying a conflict between a system resource and a wake-up signal (WUS) resource for a user equipment (UE) operating based on discontinuous reception (DRX); and modifying a transmission to the UE in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the system resource includes one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, a first broadcast signal including a system information block (SIB), a second broadcast signal including Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), a third broadcast signal including Other System Information (OSI), a group-specific reference signal, and a statically-reserved resource. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the conflict is identified based on an overlap in time between the WUS resource and the system resource. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein modifying the transmission to the UE includes transmitting a communication to the UE during a DRX-On duration based at least one of a default DRX-On duration, a default DRX cycle duration, a default inactivity timer, or a default periodicity in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein modifying the DRX transmission to the UE includes transmitting a communication to the UE during a DRX-On based on at least one parameter from a payload of a previous WUS in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource, the at least parameter comprising one or more of a DRX-On duration, a DRX cycle duration, a inactivity timer, or a periodicity. 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
indicating a modified DRX configuration to the UE, wherein modifying the transmission to the UE includes transmitting a WUS to the UE on an adjusted WUS resource based on the modified DRX configuration. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the modified DRX configuration includes at least one of a modified DRX cycle duration or a modified DRX-On duration. 28. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
identify a conflict between a system resource and a wake-up signal (WUS) resource for a user equipment (UE) operating based on discontinuous reception (DRX); and
modify a transmission to the UE in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the conflict is identified based on an overlap in time between the WUS resource and the system resource. 30. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the at least one apparatus is configured to modify the transmission to the UE by transmitting a communication to the UE during a DRX-On duration based at least one of a default DRX-On duration, a default DRX cycle duration, a default inactivity timer, or a default periodicity in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. | A user equipment (UE) identifies a conflict between a system resource and a wake-up signal (WUS) resource associated with the UE while the UE is operating based on discontinuous reception (DRX). The UE modifies DRX operation in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. A base station identifies a conflict between a system resource and a WUS resource for a UE operating based on DRX. The base station modifies a transmission to the UE in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource.1. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:
identifying a conflict between a system resource and a wake-up signal (WUS) resource associated with the UE while the UE is operating based on discontinuous reception (DRX); and modifying DRX operation in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the system resource includes one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, a first broadcast signal including a system information block (SIB), a second broadcast signal including Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), a third broadcast signal including Other System Information (OSI), a group-specific reference signal, and a statically-reserved resource. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the conflict is identified based on an overlap in time between the WUS resource and the system resource. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the DRX operation includes refraining from monitoring for a WUS in the WUS resource that conflicts with the system resource. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
waking up during a DRX-On duration following the WUS resource without monitoring for the WUS. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the DRX operation includes applying at least one of a default DRX-On duration, a default DRX cycle duration, a default inactivity timer, or a default periodicity in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
waking up during a DRX-On duration without monitoring the WUS resource that conflicts with the system resource, wherein the UE wakes up based on the at least one of the default DRX-On duration, the default DRX cycle duration, the default inactivity timer, or the default periodicity. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein modifying the DRX operation includes applying at least one parameter from a payload of a previous WUS in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource, the at least parameter comprising one or more of a DRX-On duration, a DRX cycle duration, an inactivity timer, or a periodicity. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a modified DRX configuration, wherein modifying the DRX operation includes monitoring an adjusted WUS resource based on the modified DRX configuration in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the modified DRX configuration includes a modified DRX cycle duration. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the modified DRX configuration includes a modified DRX-On duration. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the monitoring the adjusted WUS resource based on the modified DRX configuration includes:
monitoring for a WUS at a non-overlapping location with respect to the system resource; and waking up prior to the system resource. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein monitoring the adjusted WUS resource based on the modified DRX configuration includes:
monitoring for a WUS at a non-overlapping location with respect to the system resource; and waking up after the system resource. 14. An apparatus for wireless communication at a User Equipment (UE), comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
identify a conflict between a system resource and a wake-up signal (WUS) resource associated with the UE while the UE is operating based on discontinuous reception (DRX); and
modify DRX operation in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the system resource includes one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, a first broadcast signal including a system information block (SIB), a second broadcast signal including Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), a third broadcast signal including Other System Information (OSI), a group-specific reference signal, and a statically-reserved resource, and wherein the conflict is identified based on an overlap in time between the WUS resource and the system resource. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to modify the DRX operation by refraining from monitoring for a WUS in the WUS resource that conflicts with the system resource. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one processor is further configured:
wake up during a DRX-On duration following the WUS resource without monitoring for the WUS. 18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to modify the DRX operation by applying at least one of a default DRX-On duration, a default DRX cycle duration, a default inactivity timer, or a default periodicity in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the at least one processor is further configured:
wake up during a DRX-On duration without monitoring the WUS resource that conflicts with the system resource, wherein the UE wakes up based on the at least one of the default DRX-On duration, the default DRX cycle duration, the default inactivity timer, or the default periodicity. 20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to modify the DRX operation by applying at least one parameter from a payload of a previous WUS in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource, the at least parameter comprising one or more of a DRX-On duration, a DRX cycle duration, an inactivity timer, or a periodicity. 21. A method of wireless communication at a base station, the method comprising:
identifying a conflict between a system resource and a wake-up signal (WUS) resource for a user equipment (UE) operating based on discontinuous reception (DRX); and modifying a transmission to the UE in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the system resource includes one of a synchronization signal block (SSB), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, a first broadcast signal including a system information block (SIB), a second broadcast signal including Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), a third broadcast signal including Other System Information (OSI), a group-specific reference signal, and a statically-reserved resource. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the conflict is identified based on an overlap in time between the WUS resource and the system resource. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein modifying the transmission to the UE includes transmitting a communication to the UE during a DRX-On duration based at least one of a default DRX-On duration, a default DRX cycle duration, a default inactivity timer, or a default periodicity in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein modifying the DRX transmission to the UE includes transmitting a communication to the UE during a DRX-On based on at least one parameter from a payload of a previous WUS in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource, the at least parameter comprising one or more of a DRX-On duration, a DRX cycle duration, a inactivity timer, or a periodicity. 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
indicating a modified DRX configuration to the UE, wherein modifying the transmission to the UE includes transmitting a WUS to the UE on an adjusted WUS resource based on the modified DRX configuration. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the modified DRX configuration includes at least one of a modified DRX cycle duration or a modified DRX-On duration. 28. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station, comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to:
identify a conflict between a system resource and a wake-up signal (WUS) resource for a user equipment (UE) operating based on discontinuous reception (DRX); and
modify a transmission to the UE in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the conflict is identified based on an overlap in time between the WUS resource and the system resource. 30. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the at least one apparatus is configured to modify the transmission to the UE by transmitting a communication to the UE during a DRX-On duration based at least one of a default DRX-On duration, a default DRX cycle duration, a default inactivity timer, or a default periodicity in response to identifying the conflict between the system resource and the WUS resource. | 2,800 |
346,523 | 16,804,972 | 3,753 | A one-way valve includes: a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section. | 1. A one-way valve comprising:
a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section. 2. The one-way valve according to claim 1, further comprising:
a collar member inserted over one end of the columnar section and provided with a plurality of projections that are formed radially; and a spring installed between the other end of the columnar section and the collar member. 3. The one-way valve according to claim 1, wherein
an annular groove is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the one end of the cylindrical section, and the one-way valve further comprises an O-ring installed in the annular groove of the cylindrical section. 4. The one-way valve according to claim 1, further comprising an E-ring fixed to a tip of the columnar section. 5. A transmission comprising:
a hydraulic control assembly in which a plurality of hydraulic control valves are incorporated; and a case in which the hydraulic control assembly is housed, wherein a one-way valve is disposed in the case, and the one-way valve includes: a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section. 6. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve further includes: a collar member inserted over one end of the columnar section and provided with a plurality of projections that are formed radially; and a spring installed between the other end of the columnar section and the collar member. 7. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
in the one-way valve, an annular groove is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the one end of the cylindrical section, and the one-way valve further includes an O-ring installed in the annular groove of the cylindrical section. 8. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve further includes an E-ring fixed to a tip of the columnar section. 9. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the case includes at least one pipe, and at least the one end of the cylindrical section of the one-way valve is inserted into and fixed to an inside of the pipe. 10. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve is installed in the case at a location upstream of and close to an oil warmer. | A one-way valve includes: a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section.1. A one-way valve comprising:
a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section. 2. The one-way valve according to claim 1, further comprising:
a collar member inserted over one end of the columnar section and provided with a plurality of projections that are formed radially; and a spring installed between the other end of the columnar section and the collar member. 3. The one-way valve according to claim 1, wherein
an annular groove is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the one end of the cylindrical section, and the one-way valve further comprises an O-ring installed in the annular groove of the cylindrical section. 4. The one-way valve according to claim 1, further comprising an E-ring fixed to a tip of the columnar section. 5. A transmission comprising:
a hydraulic control assembly in which a plurality of hydraulic control valves are incorporated; and a case in which the hydraulic control assembly is housed, wherein a one-way valve is disposed in the case, and the one-way valve includes: a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section. 6. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve further includes: a collar member inserted over one end of the columnar section and provided with a plurality of projections that are formed radially; and a spring installed between the other end of the columnar section and the collar member. 7. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
in the one-way valve, an annular groove is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the one end of the cylindrical section, and the one-way valve further includes an O-ring installed in the annular groove of the cylindrical section. 8. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve further includes an E-ring fixed to a tip of the columnar section. 9. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the case includes at least one pipe, and at least the one end of the cylindrical section of the one-way valve is inserted into and fixed to an inside of the pipe. 10. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve is installed in the case at a location upstream of and close to an oil warmer. | 3,700 |
346,524 | 16,804,955 | 3,753 | A one-way valve includes: a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section. | 1. A one-way valve comprising:
a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section. 2. The one-way valve according to claim 1, further comprising:
a collar member inserted over one end of the columnar section and provided with a plurality of projections that are formed radially; and a spring installed between the other end of the columnar section and the collar member. 3. The one-way valve according to claim 1, wherein
an annular groove is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the one end of the cylindrical section, and the one-way valve further comprises an O-ring installed in the annular groove of the cylindrical section. 4. The one-way valve according to claim 1, further comprising an E-ring fixed to a tip of the columnar section. 5. A transmission comprising:
a hydraulic control assembly in which a plurality of hydraulic control valves are incorporated; and a case in which the hydraulic control assembly is housed, wherein a one-way valve is disposed in the case, and the one-way valve includes: a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section. 6. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve further includes: a collar member inserted over one end of the columnar section and provided with a plurality of projections that are formed radially; and a spring installed between the other end of the columnar section and the collar member. 7. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
in the one-way valve, an annular groove is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the one end of the cylindrical section, and the one-way valve further includes an O-ring installed in the annular groove of the cylindrical section. 8. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve further includes an E-ring fixed to a tip of the columnar section. 9. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the case includes at least one pipe, and at least the one end of the cylindrical section of the one-way valve is inserted into and fixed to an inside of the pipe. 10. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve is installed in the case at a location upstream of and close to an oil warmer. | A one-way valve includes: a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section.1. A one-way valve comprising:
a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section. 2. The one-way valve according to claim 1, further comprising:
a collar member inserted over one end of the columnar section and provided with a plurality of projections that are formed radially; and a spring installed between the other end of the columnar section and the collar member. 3. The one-way valve according to claim 1, wherein
an annular groove is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the one end of the cylindrical section, and the one-way valve further comprises an O-ring installed in the annular groove of the cylindrical section. 4. The one-way valve according to claim 1, further comprising an E-ring fixed to a tip of the columnar section. 5. A transmission comprising:
a hydraulic control assembly in which a plurality of hydraulic control valves are incorporated; and a case in which the hydraulic control assembly is housed, wherein a one-way valve is disposed in the case, and the one-way valve includes: a cylindrical section, one end of which is inserted into and fixed to an inside of a pipe, the cylindrical section including a through-hole through which oil is passed in an axial direction; and a columnar section housed inside the pipe and including, in another end thereof, a plurality of lateral holes through which oil is passed, flow of oil being blocked when the other end is inserted into a one-side opening section of the cylindrical section. 6. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve further includes: a collar member inserted over one end of the columnar section and provided with a plurality of projections that are formed radially; and a spring installed between the other end of the columnar section and the collar member. 7. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
in the one-way valve, an annular groove is formed in an outer circumferential surface of the one end of the cylindrical section, and the one-way valve further includes an O-ring installed in the annular groove of the cylindrical section. 8. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve further includes an E-ring fixed to a tip of the columnar section. 9. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the case includes at least one pipe, and at least the one end of the cylindrical section of the one-way valve is inserted into and fixed to an inside of the pipe. 10. The transmission according to claim 5, wherein
the one-way valve is installed in the case at a location upstream of and close to an oil warmer. | 3,700 |
346,525 | 16,804,967 | 3,753 | A controller for a vehicle is configured to determine a driving behaviour of a first vehicle and a second vehicle. The controller is configured to receive data relating to at least one of a flow of traffic at the given location and a geography at the given location. If the controller determines that the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are similar and the controller determines that at least one of the flow of traffic at the given location departs from a normal traffic flow and the geography at the given location increases the risk of accident, then the controller is configured to issue an alert. | 1. A controller for a vehicle, the controller being configured to receive:
data relating to a first performance parameter of a first vehicle at a given location to determine a driving behaviour of the first vehicle; and data relating to a second performance parameter of a second vehicle at the given location to determine a driving behaviour of the second vehicle, wherein the controller is configured to receive data relating to at least one of:
a flow of traffic at the given location; and
a geography at the given location, and, if the controller determines that the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within a predetermined first threshold, and the controller determines that at least one of:
the flow of traffic at the given location departs from a normal traffic flow; and
the geography at the given location increases the risk of accident, then the controller is configured to issue an alert. 2. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to receive data relating to accidents that have occurred within a predetermined threshold of the given location. 3. A controller as claimed in claim 2, wherein, if the controller determines that an accident has not occurred within the predetermined threshold then the controller is configured to issue the alert. 4. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one, or both, of the first and second performance parameters comprises at least one of: brake pedal pressure, speed, engine speed, the steering wheel angle, rate of change of input to the accelerator pedal, rate of change of position of the accelerator pedal, rate of change of steering wheel angle, the gear of the vehicle, the temporal and/or geospatial movement of the vehicle, accelerometer data, driver controls, vehicle functional status, vehicle operational status. 5. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein, to determine whether the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within the predetermined first threshold, the controller is configured to compute a measure of difference between the first and second performance parameters and to determine that the first and second driving behaviours are the same, or similar within the predetermined first threshold, if the measure of difference is zero, or less than a predetermined threshold. 6. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein, to determine whether the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within the predetermined threshold, the controller may be configured to compute a measure of difference between the first performance parameter and a predetermined threshold, and to compute a measure of difference between the second performance parameter and a predetermined threshold, and the determination that the first and second driving behaviours are the same, or similar within the predetermined threshold, is based on each measure of difference. 7. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data relating to the flow of traffic at the given location comprises a virtual representation of the given location, the virtual representation comprising a plurality of virtual traffic paths, each virtual traffic path representing the historical movement of a vehicle through the given location. 8. A controller as claimed in claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to average at least a portion of the plurality of virtual traffic flow paths to determine a normal traffic flow through the given location being the average of the virtual traffic flow paths. 9. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data relating to a geography at the given location comprises data describing an obstacle within a predetermined distance of the given location. 10. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to issue the alert to at least one of:
all vehicles within a predetermined threshold of the given location; and all vehicles travelling towards the given location. 11. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to issue an alert to a third vehicle, and wherein the alert comprises machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the third vehicle cause the third vehicle to at least one of:
drive away from the given location under autonomous control; and mimic the driving behaviour of at least one of the first and second vehicle. 12. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to issue an alert to a vehicle route guidance system, and wherein the alert comprises machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the route guidance system, cause the route guidance system to recalculate a route to a target destination that avoids the given location. 13. A method comprising:
receiving data relating to a first performance parameter of a first vehicle at a given location to determine a driving behaviour of the first vehicle; receiving data relating to a second performance parameter of a second vehicle at the given location to determine a driving behaviour of the second vehicle; receiving data relating to at least one of:
a flow of traffic at the given location; and
a geography at the given location;
determining whether the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within a predetermined first threshold; and determining at least one of:
whether the flow of traffic at the given location departs from a normal traffic flow; and
whether the geography at the given location increases the risk of accident, and if it is determined that the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within a predetermined first threshold, and if it is determined that at least one of:
the flow of traffic at the given location departs from a normal traffic flow; and
the geography at the given location increases the risk of accident, issuing an alert. 14. A method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:
receiving data relating to accidents that have occurred within a predetermined threshold of the given location. 15. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein determining whether the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within the predetermined threshold, comprises computing a measure of difference between the first and second performance parameters, and determining that the first and second driving behaviours are the same, or similar within the predetermined first threshold, comprises determining that the measure of difference is zero, or less than a predetermined threshold. 16. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein determining whether the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within the predetermined threshold, comprises computing a measure of difference between the first performance parameter and a predetermined threshold, and computing a measure of difference between the second performance parameter and a predetermined threshold, and wherein determining whether the first and second driving behaviours are the same, or similar within the predetermined first threshold, is based on each measure of difference. 17. A method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:
determining a measure of difference between received data describing a flow of traffic and a normal flow of traffic, and wherein determining that the flow of traffic departs from the normal flow of traffic comprises determining that the measure of difference is above a predetermined threshold. 18. A method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:
averaging at least a portion of a plurality of virtual traffic flow paths to determine a normal traffic flow through the given location being the average of the virtual traffic flow paths. 19. A method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:
determining that the geography at the given location increases the risk of accident if there is an obstacle within the predetermined distance of the given location. 20. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein issuing the alert comprises issuing the alert to at least one of:
all vehicles within a predetermined threshold of the given location; and all vehicles travelling towards the given location. 21. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein issuing the alert comprises issuing an alert to a third vehicle, and wherein the alert comprises machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the third vehicle cause the third vehicle to at least one of:
drive away from the given location under autonomous control; and mimic the driving behaviour of at least one of the first and second vehicle. 22. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein issuing the alert comprises issuing the alert to a vehicle route guidance system, and wherein the alert comprises machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the route guidance system, cause the route guidance system to recalculate a route to a target destination that avoids the given location. | A controller for a vehicle is configured to determine a driving behaviour of a first vehicle and a second vehicle. The controller is configured to receive data relating to at least one of a flow of traffic at the given location and a geography at the given location. If the controller determines that the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are similar and the controller determines that at least one of the flow of traffic at the given location departs from a normal traffic flow and the geography at the given location increases the risk of accident, then the controller is configured to issue an alert.1. A controller for a vehicle, the controller being configured to receive:
data relating to a first performance parameter of a first vehicle at a given location to determine a driving behaviour of the first vehicle; and data relating to a second performance parameter of a second vehicle at the given location to determine a driving behaviour of the second vehicle, wherein the controller is configured to receive data relating to at least one of:
a flow of traffic at the given location; and
a geography at the given location, and, if the controller determines that the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within a predetermined first threshold, and the controller determines that at least one of:
the flow of traffic at the given location departs from a normal traffic flow; and
the geography at the given location increases the risk of accident, then the controller is configured to issue an alert. 2. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to receive data relating to accidents that have occurred within a predetermined threshold of the given location. 3. A controller as claimed in claim 2, wherein, if the controller determines that an accident has not occurred within the predetermined threshold then the controller is configured to issue the alert. 4. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one, or both, of the first and second performance parameters comprises at least one of: brake pedal pressure, speed, engine speed, the steering wheel angle, rate of change of input to the accelerator pedal, rate of change of position of the accelerator pedal, rate of change of steering wheel angle, the gear of the vehicle, the temporal and/or geospatial movement of the vehicle, accelerometer data, driver controls, vehicle functional status, vehicle operational status. 5. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein, to determine whether the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within the predetermined first threshold, the controller is configured to compute a measure of difference between the first and second performance parameters and to determine that the first and second driving behaviours are the same, or similar within the predetermined first threshold, if the measure of difference is zero, or less than a predetermined threshold. 6. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein, to determine whether the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within the predetermined threshold, the controller may be configured to compute a measure of difference between the first performance parameter and a predetermined threshold, and to compute a measure of difference between the second performance parameter and a predetermined threshold, and the determination that the first and second driving behaviours are the same, or similar within the predetermined threshold, is based on each measure of difference. 7. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data relating to the flow of traffic at the given location comprises a virtual representation of the given location, the virtual representation comprising a plurality of virtual traffic paths, each virtual traffic path representing the historical movement of a vehicle through the given location. 8. A controller as claimed in claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to average at least a portion of the plurality of virtual traffic flow paths to determine a normal traffic flow through the given location being the average of the virtual traffic flow paths. 9. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data relating to a geography at the given location comprises data describing an obstacle within a predetermined distance of the given location. 10. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to issue the alert to at least one of:
all vehicles within a predetermined threshold of the given location; and all vehicles travelling towards the given location. 11. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to issue an alert to a third vehicle, and wherein the alert comprises machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the third vehicle cause the third vehicle to at least one of:
drive away from the given location under autonomous control; and mimic the driving behaviour of at least one of the first and second vehicle. 12. A controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to issue an alert to a vehicle route guidance system, and wherein the alert comprises machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the route guidance system, cause the route guidance system to recalculate a route to a target destination that avoids the given location. 13. A method comprising:
receiving data relating to a first performance parameter of a first vehicle at a given location to determine a driving behaviour of the first vehicle; receiving data relating to a second performance parameter of a second vehicle at the given location to determine a driving behaviour of the second vehicle; receiving data relating to at least one of:
a flow of traffic at the given location; and
a geography at the given location;
determining whether the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within a predetermined first threshold; and determining at least one of:
whether the flow of traffic at the given location departs from a normal traffic flow; and
whether the geography at the given location increases the risk of accident, and if it is determined that the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within a predetermined first threshold, and if it is determined that at least one of:
the flow of traffic at the given location departs from a normal traffic flow; and
the geography at the given location increases the risk of accident, issuing an alert. 14. A method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:
receiving data relating to accidents that have occurred within a predetermined threshold of the given location. 15. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein determining whether the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within the predetermined threshold, comprises computing a measure of difference between the first and second performance parameters, and determining that the first and second driving behaviours are the same, or similar within the predetermined first threshold, comprises determining that the measure of difference is zero, or less than a predetermined threshold. 16. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein determining whether the driving behaviour of the first vehicle and the driving behaviour of the second vehicle are the same, or similar within the predetermined threshold, comprises computing a measure of difference between the first performance parameter and a predetermined threshold, and computing a measure of difference between the second performance parameter and a predetermined threshold, and wherein determining whether the first and second driving behaviours are the same, or similar within the predetermined first threshold, is based on each measure of difference. 17. A method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:
determining a measure of difference between received data describing a flow of traffic and a normal flow of traffic, and wherein determining that the flow of traffic departs from the normal flow of traffic comprises determining that the measure of difference is above a predetermined threshold. 18. A method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:
averaging at least a portion of a plurality of virtual traffic flow paths to determine a normal traffic flow through the given location being the average of the virtual traffic flow paths. 19. A method as claimed in claim 13, further comprising:
determining that the geography at the given location increases the risk of accident if there is an obstacle within the predetermined distance of the given location. 20. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein issuing the alert comprises issuing the alert to at least one of:
all vehicles within a predetermined threshold of the given location; and all vehicles travelling towards the given location. 21. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein issuing the alert comprises issuing an alert to a third vehicle, and wherein the alert comprises machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the third vehicle cause the third vehicle to at least one of:
drive away from the given location under autonomous control; and mimic the driving behaviour of at least one of the first and second vehicle. 22. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein issuing the alert comprises issuing the alert to a vehicle route guidance system, and wherein the alert comprises machine-readable instructions that, when executed by the route guidance system, cause the route guidance system to recalculate a route to a target destination that avoids the given location. | 3,700 |
346,526 | 16,804,973 | 3,753 | A copolymer composition is disclosed with advantages for textile fibers, yarns, blended yarns, fabrics, and garments. The composition includes polyester copolymer, between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer, and between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer. | 1. A method of spinning a polyester copolymer filament comprising the steps of:
polymerizing a charge of terephthalic acid; ethylene glycol; between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer; between about 630 and 770 ppm pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer; and between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer; to a copolymer melt with between about 1.4 and 3 percent diethylene glygol based on the amount of copolymer; at an intrinsic viscosity of between about 0.58 and 0.82 and at a temperature of between about 260° C. and 280° C.; and spinning the resulting polyester copolymer melt into filament. 2. A method further comprising:
texturing the filament produced by the method of claim 1 and cutting the textured filament into staple fiber. 3. A method according to claim 2 further comprising:
spinning the polyester staple with cotton to form a blended yarn; and
dyeing the blended yarn. 4. A method according to claim 3 further comprising dyeing the blended yarn at atmospheric pressure with a dye selected from the group consisting of reactive dye, disperse dye, and combinations thereof. 5. A method according to claim 4 further comprising forming a fabric from the dyed blended yarn. 6. A method according to claim 2 further comprising
spinning the polyester staple fiber into yarn;
forming a fabric from the spun yarn; and
dyeing the fabric with a disperse dye at atmospheric pressure. 7. A method according to claim 6 further comprising forming a garment from the dyed fabric. 8. A method according to claim 5 further comprising forming a garment from the fabric. 9. A spinning method according to claim 1 comprising:
polymerizing
terephthalic acid,
ethylene glycol,
about 10 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer, and
pentaerythritol,
to a copolymer melt with about 3.8 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer, and
with between about 1.4 and 3 percent diethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer, and
at an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.72, and at a temperature of between about 260° C. and 280° C. 10. An extruded filament produced by the method of claim 9. 11. A textured staple fiber made from the filament of claim 10. 12. A yarn blended from cotton and the textured staple formed from the extruded filament made from the composition of claim 9. 13. A fabric formed from the blended yarns of claim 12. 14. A method of coloring yarn comprising:
dyeing a yarn blended from cotton and textured polyester copolymer staple; wherein the yarn is between about 20 percent and 80 percent by weight cotton; and wherein the textured polyester staple has a composition of between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, and between about 2 and 3 percent diethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer; and carrying out the dyeing step at atmospheric pressure and a temperature below 212° F. (100° C.). 15. A method according to claim 15 further comprising knitting or weaving the yarn into a fabric. 16. A method according to claim 15 comprising forming a garment from the fabric. 17. A method according to claim 14 comprising dyeing the yarn with a dye selected from the group consisting of reactive dye, disperse dye, and combinations thereof. | A copolymer composition is disclosed with advantages for textile fibers, yarns, blended yarns, fabrics, and garments. The composition includes polyester copolymer, between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer, and between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer.1. A method of spinning a polyester copolymer filament comprising the steps of:
polymerizing a charge of terephthalic acid; ethylene glycol; between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer; between about 630 and 770 ppm pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer; and between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer; to a copolymer melt with between about 1.4 and 3 percent diethylene glygol based on the amount of copolymer; at an intrinsic viscosity of between about 0.58 and 0.82 and at a temperature of between about 260° C. and 280° C.; and spinning the resulting polyester copolymer melt into filament. 2. A method further comprising:
texturing the filament produced by the method of claim 1 and cutting the textured filament into staple fiber. 3. A method according to claim 2 further comprising:
spinning the polyester staple with cotton to form a blended yarn; and
dyeing the blended yarn. 4. A method according to claim 3 further comprising dyeing the blended yarn at atmospheric pressure with a dye selected from the group consisting of reactive dye, disperse dye, and combinations thereof. 5. A method according to claim 4 further comprising forming a fabric from the dyed blended yarn. 6. A method according to claim 2 further comprising
spinning the polyester staple fiber into yarn;
forming a fabric from the spun yarn; and
dyeing the fabric with a disperse dye at atmospheric pressure. 7. A method according to claim 6 further comprising forming a garment from the dyed fabric. 8. A method according to claim 5 further comprising forming a garment from the fabric. 9. A spinning method according to claim 1 comprising:
polymerizing
terephthalic acid,
ethylene glycol,
about 10 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer, and
pentaerythritol,
to a copolymer melt with about 3.8 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer, and
with between about 1.4 and 3 percent diethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer, and
at an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.72, and at a temperature of between about 260° C. and 280° C. 10. An extruded filament produced by the method of claim 9. 11. A textured staple fiber made from the filament of claim 10. 12. A yarn blended from cotton and the textured staple formed from the extruded filament made from the composition of claim 9. 13. A fabric formed from the blended yarns of claim 12. 14. A method of coloring yarn comprising:
dyeing a yarn blended from cotton and textured polyester copolymer staple; wherein the yarn is between about 20 percent and 80 percent by weight cotton; and wherein the textured polyester staple has a composition of between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, and between about 2 and 3 percent diethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer; and carrying out the dyeing step at atmospheric pressure and a temperature below 212° F. (100° C.). 15. A method according to claim 15 further comprising knitting or weaving the yarn into a fabric. 16. A method according to claim 15 comprising forming a garment from the fabric. 17. A method according to claim 14 comprising dyeing the yarn with a dye selected from the group consisting of reactive dye, disperse dye, and combinations thereof. | 3,700 |
346,527 | 16,804,990 | 3,753 | One variation of a system includes: a pipe adapter defining an inlet configured to thread into a water supply outlet adjacent a shower wall, defining an external threaded section opposite the inlet, and defining an internal bore between the inlet and the external threaded section; a collar defining: a surface configured to face the shower wall; a retention feature offset from the surface; and an internal threaded section defining an axis normal the surface, the internal threaded section configured to mate with the external threaded section of the pipe adapter to position the surface approximately flush with the shower wall; a nipple configured to insert into the pipe adapter and comprising a seal configured to mate with the internal bore; a shower head defining a nozzle fluidly coupled to the nipple; and a latch configured to transiently engage the retention feature to constrain the shower head against the collar. | 1. A system comprising:
a pipe adapter defining an inlet configured to thread into a water supply outlet adjacent a shower wall, defining an external threaded section opposite the inlet, and defining an internal bore between the inlet and the external threaded section; a collar defining:
a surface configured to face the shower wall;
a retention feature offset from the surface; and
an internal threaded section defining a rotational axis normal the surface, the internal threaded section configured to mate with the external threaded section of the pipe adapter to position the surface approximately flush with the shower wall;
a bracket defining an opening configured to accept the collar and extending along a longitudinal axis; a nipple flexibly coupled to the bracket, configured to insert into the pipe adapter, and comprising a seal configured to mate with the internal bore; a latch coupled to the bracket and configured to transiently engage the retention feature to constrain the bracket against the collar and to retain the nipple inside the pipe adapter; an arm configured to translate linearly along the bracket parallel the longitudinal axis; a shower head coupled to the arm; a hose fluidly coupled to the nipple and to the shower head; and a spring configured to apply a force on the arm against the bracket to counter weight the arm, the shower head, and fluid contained in the hose. 2. A system comprising:
a pipe adapter defining an inlet configured to thread into a water supply outlet adjacent a shower wall, defining an external threaded section opposite the inlet, and defining an internal bore between the inlet and the external threaded section; a collar defining:
a surface configured to face the shower wall;
a retention feature offset from the surface; and
an internal threaded section defining an axis normal the surface, the internal threaded section configured to mate with the external threaded section of the pipe adapter to position the surface approximately flush with the shower wall;
a nipple configured to insert into the pipe adapter and comprising a seal configured to mate with the internal bore; a shower system defining a nozzle fluidly coupled to the nipple; and a latch coupled to the shower system and configured to transiently engage the retention feature to constrain the shower system against the collar and to retain the nipple inside the pipe adapter. | One variation of a system includes: a pipe adapter defining an inlet configured to thread into a water supply outlet adjacent a shower wall, defining an external threaded section opposite the inlet, and defining an internal bore between the inlet and the external threaded section; a collar defining: a surface configured to face the shower wall; a retention feature offset from the surface; and an internal threaded section defining an axis normal the surface, the internal threaded section configured to mate with the external threaded section of the pipe adapter to position the surface approximately flush with the shower wall; a nipple configured to insert into the pipe adapter and comprising a seal configured to mate with the internal bore; a shower head defining a nozzle fluidly coupled to the nipple; and a latch configured to transiently engage the retention feature to constrain the shower head against the collar.1. A system comprising:
a pipe adapter defining an inlet configured to thread into a water supply outlet adjacent a shower wall, defining an external threaded section opposite the inlet, and defining an internal bore between the inlet and the external threaded section; a collar defining:
a surface configured to face the shower wall;
a retention feature offset from the surface; and
an internal threaded section defining a rotational axis normal the surface, the internal threaded section configured to mate with the external threaded section of the pipe adapter to position the surface approximately flush with the shower wall;
a bracket defining an opening configured to accept the collar and extending along a longitudinal axis; a nipple flexibly coupled to the bracket, configured to insert into the pipe adapter, and comprising a seal configured to mate with the internal bore; a latch coupled to the bracket and configured to transiently engage the retention feature to constrain the bracket against the collar and to retain the nipple inside the pipe adapter; an arm configured to translate linearly along the bracket parallel the longitudinal axis; a shower head coupled to the arm; a hose fluidly coupled to the nipple and to the shower head; and a spring configured to apply a force on the arm against the bracket to counter weight the arm, the shower head, and fluid contained in the hose. 2. A system comprising:
a pipe adapter defining an inlet configured to thread into a water supply outlet adjacent a shower wall, defining an external threaded section opposite the inlet, and defining an internal bore between the inlet and the external threaded section; a collar defining:
a surface configured to face the shower wall;
a retention feature offset from the surface; and
an internal threaded section defining an axis normal the surface, the internal threaded section configured to mate with the external threaded section of the pipe adapter to position the surface approximately flush with the shower wall;
a nipple configured to insert into the pipe adapter and comprising a seal configured to mate with the internal bore; a shower system defining a nozzle fluidly coupled to the nipple; and a latch coupled to the shower system and configured to transiently engage the retention feature to constrain the shower system against the collar and to retain the nipple inside the pipe adapter. | 3,700 |
346,528 | 16,804,961 | 3,753 | A low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite includes a global positioning receiver configured to receive first signaling from a first plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites. An inter-satellite transceiver is configured to send and receive inter-satellite communications with other LEO navigation satellites. At least one processor is configured to execute operational instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations that include: determining an orbital position of the LEO satellite based on the first signaling; and generating a navigation message based on the orbital position. A navigation signal transmitter configured to broadcast the navigation message to at least one client device, the navigation message facilitating the at least one client device to determine an enhanced position of the at least one client device based on the navigation message and further based on second signaling received from a second plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites. | 1. A low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite of a constellation of LEO navigation satellites in LEO around the earth, the LEO satellite comprising:
a global positioning receiver configured to receive first signaling from a first plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites of a constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites in non-LEO, wherein the first plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites include four or more non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites that are in reception range of the global positioning receiver; a backhaul transceiver configured to receive correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites and further configured to transmit radio occultation data, wherein the correction data includes orbital correction data and timing correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites; an inter-satellite transceiver configured to send and receive inter-satellite communications with other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; at least one processor configured to execute operational instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations that include:
generating the radio occultation data based on the inter-satellite communications with at least one of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites;
determining an orbital position of the LEO satellite based on the first signaling and further based on based the correction data; and
generating a navigation message based on the orbital position, wherein the navigation message includes a timing signal and the orbital position associated with the LEO satellite and the navigation message further includes the orbital correction data and the timing correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites; and
a navigation signal transmitter configured to broadcast the navigation message to at least one client device, the navigation message facilitating the at least one client device to determine an enhanced position of the at least one client device based on the navigation message and further based on second signaling received from a second plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites in the non-LEO, wherein the second plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites include four or more non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites that are in reception range of the at least one client device. 2. The LEO satellite of claim 1, further comprising:
a non-atomic clock configured to generate a clock signal; wherein the timing signal is generated by adjusting the clock signal based on the first signaling and further based on the timing correction data. 3. The LEO satellite of claim 1, wherein the inter-satellite communications include one-to-many transmissions between the LEO satellite and two or more of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites. 4. The LEO satellite of claim 1, wherein the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites are associated with at least one of: a Global Positioning System of satellites, a Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, a BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, a Galileo positioning system, a Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) or an Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. 5. The LEO satellite of claim 1, wherein the inter-satellite communications include at least one of: the navigation message sent to at least one of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; radio occultation; atmospheric data generated based on radio occultation; control information associated with satellite direction; control information associated with satellite attitude; control information associated with satellite status; control information associated with satellite inter-satellite transmit/receive condition; command information associated with satellite inter-satellite transmit/receive status; command information associated with inter-satellite transmit power or frequency; control information associated with encryption; constellation integrity information relating to the health of one or more LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; or constellation integrity information relating to health of one or more non-LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites. 6. A low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite of a constellation of LEO navigation satellites in LEO around the earth, the LEO satellite comprising:
a global positioning receiver configured to receive first signaling from a first plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites of a constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites in non-LEO around the earth; an inter-satellite transceiver configured to send and receive inter-satellite communications with other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; at least one processor configured to execute operational instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations that include:
determining an orbital position of the LEO satellite based on the first signaling; and
generating a navigation message based on the orbital position; and
a navigation signal transmitter configured to broadcast the navigation message to at least one client device, the navigation message facilitating the at least one client device to determine an enhanced position of the at least one client device based on the navigation message and further based on second signaling received from a second plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites in the non-LEO around the earth. The LEO satellite of claim 6, further comprising: a backhaul transceiver configured to receive correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites; wherein the determining the orbital position of the LEO satellite is further based on based the correction data. 8. The LEO satellite of claim 7, wherein the backhaul transceiver is configured to receive the correction data from one of: a backhaul communication satellite in geostationary orbit around the earth or a terrestrial transmitter. 9. The LEO satellite of claim 7, wherein the operations include:
generating radio occultation data based on the inter-satellite communications with at least one of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; and transmitting the radio occultation data via the backhaul transceiver. 10. The LEO satellite of claim 7, wherein the correction data includes orbital correction data and timing correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites. 11. The LEO satellite of claim 10, wherein the navigation message includes a timing signal and the orbital position associated with the LEO satellite and the navigation message further includes the orbital correction data and the timing correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites. 12. The LEO satellite of claim 11, further comprising:
a non-atomic clock configured to generate a clock signal; wherein the timing signal is generated by adjusting the clock signal based on the first signaling and further based on the timing correction data. 13. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites are associated with at least one of: a Global Positioning System of satellites, a Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, a BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, a Galileo positioning system, a Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) or an Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. 14. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the navigation message includes correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites in non-LEO around the earth, and wherein the at least one client device determines the enhanced position of the client device by applying the correction data to the second signaling. 15. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the navigation message further includes a timing signal and the orbital position associated with the LEO satellite and wherein the at least one client device determines the enhanced position of the at least one client device further based on the timing signal and the orbital position associated with the LEO satellite. 16. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the inter-satellite communications include correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites received via at least one of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites;
wherein the determining the orbital position of the LEO satellite is further based on based the correction data. 17. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the inter-satellite communications include at least one of: the navigation message sent to at least one of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; radio occultation; atmospheric data generated based on radio occultation; control information associated with satellite direction; control information associated with satellite attitude; control information associated with satellite status; control information associated with satellite inter-satellite transmit/receive condition; command information associated with satellite inter-satellite transmit/receive status; command information associated with inter-satellite transmit power or frequency; control information associated with encryption; constellation integrity information relating to the health of one or more LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; or constellation integrity information relating to health of one or more non-LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites. 18. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the inter-satellite communications include one-to-many transmissions between the LEO satellite and two or more of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites. 19. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the first plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites include four or more non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites that are in reception range of the global positioning receiver. 20. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the second plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites include four or more non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites that are in reception range of the at least one client device. | A low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite includes a global positioning receiver configured to receive first signaling from a first plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites. An inter-satellite transceiver is configured to send and receive inter-satellite communications with other LEO navigation satellites. At least one processor is configured to execute operational instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations that include: determining an orbital position of the LEO satellite based on the first signaling; and generating a navigation message based on the orbital position. A navigation signal transmitter configured to broadcast the navigation message to at least one client device, the navigation message facilitating the at least one client device to determine an enhanced position of the at least one client device based on the navigation message and further based on second signaling received from a second plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites.1. A low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite of a constellation of LEO navigation satellites in LEO around the earth, the LEO satellite comprising:
a global positioning receiver configured to receive first signaling from a first plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites of a constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites in non-LEO, wherein the first plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites include four or more non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites that are in reception range of the global positioning receiver; a backhaul transceiver configured to receive correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites and further configured to transmit radio occultation data, wherein the correction data includes orbital correction data and timing correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites; an inter-satellite transceiver configured to send and receive inter-satellite communications with other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; at least one processor configured to execute operational instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations that include:
generating the radio occultation data based on the inter-satellite communications with at least one of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites;
determining an orbital position of the LEO satellite based on the first signaling and further based on based the correction data; and
generating a navigation message based on the orbital position, wherein the navigation message includes a timing signal and the orbital position associated with the LEO satellite and the navigation message further includes the orbital correction data and the timing correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites; and
a navigation signal transmitter configured to broadcast the navigation message to at least one client device, the navigation message facilitating the at least one client device to determine an enhanced position of the at least one client device based on the navigation message and further based on second signaling received from a second plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites in the non-LEO, wherein the second plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites include four or more non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites that are in reception range of the at least one client device. 2. The LEO satellite of claim 1, further comprising:
a non-atomic clock configured to generate a clock signal; wherein the timing signal is generated by adjusting the clock signal based on the first signaling and further based on the timing correction data. 3. The LEO satellite of claim 1, wherein the inter-satellite communications include one-to-many transmissions between the LEO satellite and two or more of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites. 4. The LEO satellite of claim 1, wherein the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites are associated with at least one of: a Global Positioning System of satellites, a Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, a BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, a Galileo positioning system, a Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) or an Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. 5. The LEO satellite of claim 1, wherein the inter-satellite communications include at least one of: the navigation message sent to at least one of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; radio occultation; atmospheric data generated based on radio occultation; control information associated with satellite direction; control information associated with satellite attitude; control information associated with satellite status; control information associated with satellite inter-satellite transmit/receive condition; command information associated with satellite inter-satellite transmit/receive status; command information associated with inter-satellite transmit power or frequency; control information associated with encryption; constellation integrity information relating to the health of one or more LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; or constellation integrity information relating to health of one or more non-LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites. 6. A low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite of a constellation of LEO navigation satellites in LEO around the earth, the LEO satellite comprising:
a global positioning receiver configured to receive first signaling from a first plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites of a constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites in non-LEO around the earth; an inter-satellite transceiver configured to send and receive inter-satellite communications with other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; at least one processor configured to execute operational instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations that include:
determining an orbital position of the LEO satellite based on the first signaling; and
generating a navigation message based on the orbital position; and
a navigation signal transmitter configured to broadcast the navigation message to at least one client device, the navigation message facilitating the at least one client device to determine an enhanced position of the at least one client device based on the navigation message and further based on second signaling received from a second plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites in the non-LEO around the earth. The LEO satellite of claim 6, further comprising: a backhaul transceiver configured to receive correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites; wherein the determining the orbital position of the LEO satellite is further based on based the correction data. 8. The LEO satellite of claim 7, wherein the backhaul transceiver is configured to receive the correction data from one of: a backhaul communication satellite in geostationary orbit around the earth or a terrestrial transmitter. 9. The LEO satellite of claim 7, wherein the operations include:
generating radio occultation data based on the inter-satellite communications with at least one of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; and transmitting the radio occultation data via the backhaul transceiver. 10. The LEO satellite of claim 7, wherein the correction data includes orbital correction data and timing correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites. 11. The LEO satellite of claim 10, wherein the navigation message includes a timing signal and the orbital position associated with the LEO satellite and the navigation message further includes the orbital correction data and the timing correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites. 12. The LEO satellite of claim 11, further comprising:
a non-atomic clock configured to generate a clock signal; wherein the timing signal is generated by adjusting the clock signal based on the first signaling and further based on the timing correction data. 13. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites are associated with at least one of: a Global Positioning System of satellites, a Quasi-Zenith Satellite System, a BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, a Galileo positioning system, a Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) or an Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. 14. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the navigation message includes correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites in non-LEO around the earth, and wherein the at least one client device determines the enhanced position of the client device by applying the correction data to the second signaling. 15. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the navigation message further includes a timing signal and the orbital position associated with the LEO satellite and wherein the at least one client device determines the enhanced position of the at least one client device further based on the timing signal and the orbital position associated with the LEO satellite. 16. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the inter-satellite communications include correction data associated with the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites received via at least one of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites;
wherein the determining the orbital position of the LEO satellite is further based on based the correction data. 17. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the inter-satellite communications include at least one of: the navigation message sent to at least one of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; radio occultation; atmospheric data generated based on radio occultation; control information associated with satellite direction; control information associated with satellite attitude; control information associated with satellite status; control information associated with satellite inter-satellite transmit/receive condition; command information associated with satellite inter-satellite transmit/receive status; command information associated with inter-satellite transmit power or frequency; control information associated with encryption; constellation integrity information relating to the health of one or more LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites; or constellation integrity information relating to health of one or more non-LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites. 18. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the inter-satellite communications include one-to-many transmissions between the LEO satellite and two or more of the other LEO navigation satellites in the constellation of LEO navigation satellites. 19. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the first plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites include four or more non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites that are in reception range of the global positioning receiver. 20. The LEO satellite of claim 6, wherein the second plurality of non-LEO navigation satellites include four or more non-LEO navigation satellites of the constellation of non-LEO navigation satellites that are in reception range of the at least one client device. | 3,700 |
346,529 | 16,804,992 | 3,753 | A portable heating apparatus includes a top layer and a bottom layer connected to the top layer to form a cavity. An electric heating element is disposed within the cavity, and a temperature-retaining component, such as a gel layer, is affixed within the cavity adjacent to the electric heating element and adjacent to the top layer. A power cord is in electrical communication with the electric heating element and connectable to a power source to provide power to the electric heating element, the power cord detachable from the portable heating apparatus. The temperature-retaining component is capable of retaining heat generated by the electric heating element and creating a generally uniform distribution of heat across the top layer. | 1. A portable heating apparatus, comprising:
a top layer; a bottom layer connected to the top layer to form a cavity; an electric heating element disposed within the cavity; a temperature-retaining component affixed within the cavity adjacent to the electric heating element and adjacent to the top layer; and a power cord in electrical communication with the electric heating element and connectable to a power source to provide power to the electric heating element, the power cord detachable from the portable heating apparatus; wherein the temperature-retaining component is capable of retaining heat generated by the electric heating element and creating a generally uniform distribution of heat across the top layer. 2. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature-retaining component includes a heat-retaining gel material. 3. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature-retaining component is divided into a plurality of separate segments. 4. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electric heating element includes a heating wire constructed from a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material with negative temperature coefficient (NTC) insulation. 5. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a padding material disposed within the cavity between the electric heating element and the bottom layer. 6. The portable heating apparatus of claim 5, wherein the padding material includes a non-woven scrim material layer and a batting material layer. 7. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the top layer and the bottom layer are constructed from a micromink material. 8. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein a portion of the top layer is removable to expose the temperature-retaining component to an exterior of the portable heating apparatus. 9. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller in electrical communication with the electric heating element for regulating power to the electric heating element. 10. The portable heating apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller includes an audible indicator that emits different tones depending on a heat level of the electric heating element. 11. A portable heating apparatus, comprising:
a top layer; a bottom layer connected to the top layer to form a cavity; an electric heating element disposed within the cavity; a padding material disposed within the cavity between the electric heating element and the bottom layer; a gel layer affixed within the cavity between the electric heating element and the top layer; and a power cord in electrical communication with the electric heating element and connectable to a power source to provide power to the electric heating element, the power cord detachable from the portable heating apparatus; wherein the gel layer is capable of retaining heat generated by the electric heating element and creating a generally uniform distribution of heat across the top layer. 12. The portable heating apparatus of claim 11, wherein the gel layer is divided into a plurality of separate segments. 13. The portable heating apparatus of claim 11, wherein a portion of the top layer is removable to expose the gel layer to an exterior of the portable heating apparatus. 14. A portable heating apparatus, comprising:
a main body including an outer, top layer and an inner, bottom layer connected to the top layer, the top and bottom layers forming a cavity therebetween; a first strap and a second strap extending from the main body; an electric heating element disposed within the cavity; a temperature-retaining component affixed within the cavity adjacent to the electric heating element and adjacent to the bottom layer; and a power cord in electrical communication with the electric heating element and connectable to a power source to provide power to the electric heating element, the power cord detachable from the portable heating apparatus; wherein the temperature-retaining component is capable of retaining heat generated by the electric heating element and creating a generally uniform distribution of heat across the bottom layer. 15. The portable heating apparatus of claim 14, wherein the temperature-retaining component includes a heat-retaining gel material. 16. The portable heating apparatus of claim 14, wherein the main body has an elongated configuration with two eye portions each sized to cover an eye of a user and an indentation therebetween sized to accommodate a nose of the user. 17. The portable heating apparatus of claim 16, wherein the temperature-retaining component is divided into separate segments disposed in each eye portion. 18. The portable heating apparatus of claim 14, wherein at least one of the first strap and the second strap is constructed from an elastic material, and wherein the first and second straps each have a releasable closure. 19. The portable heating apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a power adapter port provided on the bottom layer of the main body. 20. The portable heating apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a controller in electrical communication with the electric heating element for regulating power to the electric heating element, wherein the controller includes an audible indicator that emits different tones depending on a heat level of the electric heating element. | A portable heating apparatus includes a top layer and a bottom layer connected to the top layer to form a cavity. An electric heating element is disposed within the cavity, and a temperature-retaining component, such as a gel layer, is affixed within the cavity adjacent to the electric heating element and adjacent to the top layer. A power cord is in electrical communication with the electric heating element and connectable to a power source to provide power to the electric heating element, the power cord detachable from the portable heating apparatus. The temperature-retaining component is capable of retaining heat generated by the electric heating element and creating a generally uniform distribution of heat across the top layer.1. A portable heating apparatus, comprising:
a top layer; a bottom layer connected to the top layer to form a cavity; an electric heating element disposed within the cavity; a temperature-retaining component affixed within the cavity adjacent to the electric heating element and adjacent to the top layer; and a power cord in electrical communication with the electric heating element and connectable to a power source to provide power to the electric heating element, the power cord detachable from the portable heating apparatus; wherein the temperature-retaining component is capable of retaining heat generated by the electric heating element and creating a generally uniform distribution of heat across the top layer. 2. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature-retaining component includes a heat-retaining gel material. 3. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the temperature-retaining component is divided into a plurality of separate segments. 4. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electric heating element includes a heating wire constructed from a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) material with negative temperature coefficient (NTC) insulation. 5. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a padding material disposed within the cavity between the electric heating element and the bottom layer. 6. The portable heating apparatus of claim 5, wherein the padding material includes a non-woven scrim material layer and a batting material layer. 7. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein the top layer and the bottom layer are constructed from a micromink material. 8. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein a portion of the top layer is removable to expose the temperature-retaining component to an exterior of the portable heating apparatus. 9. The portable heating apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a controller in electrical communication with the electric heating element for regulating power to the electric heating element. 10. The portable heating apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller includes an audible indicator that emits different tones depending on a heat level of the electric heating element. 11. A portable heating apparatus, comprising:
a top layer; a bottom layer connected to the top layer to form a cavity; an electric heating element disposed within the cavity; a padding material disposed within the cavity between the electric heating element and the bottom layer; a gel layer affixed within the cavity between the electric heating element and the top layer; and a power cord in electrical communication with the electric heating element and connectable to a power source to provide power to the electric heating element, the power cord detachable from the portable heating apparatus; wherein the gel layer is capable of retaining heat generated by the electric heating element and creating a generally uniform distribution of heat across the top layer. 12. The portable heating apparatus of claim 11, wherein the gel layer is divided into a plurality of separate segments. 13. The portable heating apparatus of claim 11, wherein a portion of the top layer is removable to expose the gel layer to an exterior of the portable heating apparatus. 14. A portable heating apparatus, comprising:
a main body including an outer, top layer and an inner, bottom layer connected to the top layer, the top and bottom layers forming a cavity therebetween; a first strap and a second strap extending from the main body; an electric heating element disposed within the cavity; a temperature-retaining component affixed within the cavity adjacent to the electric heating element and adjacent to the bottom layer; and a power cord in electrical communication with the electric heating element and connectable to a power source to provide power to the electric heating element, the power cord detachable from the portable heating apparatus; wherein the temperature-retaining component is capable of retaining heat generated by the electric heating element and creating a generally uniform distribution of heat across the bottom layer. 15. The portable heating apparatus of claim 14, wherein the temperature-retaining component includes a heat-retaining gel material. 16. The portable heating apparatus of claim 14, wherein the main body has an elongated configuration with two eye portions each sized to cover an eye of a user and an indentation therebetween sized to accommodate a nose of the user. 17. The portable heating apparatus of claim 16, wherein the temperature-retaining component is divided into separate segments disposed in each eye portion. 18. The portable heating apparatus of claim 14, wherein at least one of the first strap and the second strap is constructed from an elastic material, and wherein the first and second straps each have a releasable closure. 19. The portable heating apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a power adapter port provided on the bottom layer of the main body. 20. The portable heating apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a controller in electrical communication with the electric heating element for regulating power to the electric heating element, wherein the controller includes an audible indicator that emits different tones depending on a heat level of the electric heating element. | 3,700 |
346,530 | 16,804,999 | 2,119 | A system for updating a device in a building management system (BMS). The system includes a third-party device and a device manager of a control network. The device manager updates the third-party device and includes a processing circuit that determines that the third-party device has been discovered on the control network. The processing circuit further populates a template with a set of received data from the third-party device and maps the third-party device with control network based on the populated template of received data. The processing circuit further configures the third-party device to operate in the control network, wherein configuring the third-party device comprises transforming a data exchange format of the third-party device. | 1. A system for updating a device in a building management system (BMS) for use with a third-party device, the system comprising:
a third-party device; a device manager of a control network, the device manager configured to update the third-party device and comprising a processing circuit configured to:
determine that the third-party device has been discovered on the control network;
populate a template with a set of received data from the third-party device;
map the third-party device with the control network based on the populated template of received data; and
configure the third-party device to operate in the control network, wherein configuring the third-party device comprises transforming a data exchange format of the third-party device. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a user device comprising a user interface connected to the control network; and the processing circuit further configured to:
generate a profile of the third-party device; and
display the profile of the third-party device to the user interface, wherein the profile comprises the received data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to generate a default template of the third-party device, wherein the default template comprises vendor information or model information or firmware information. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the control network, the third-party device, the device manager, and the user device operate over a building operation controls network (BACnet) protocol, wherein the BACnet protocol may be BACnet/IP, BACnet/Ethernet, or BACnet/MSTP. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has not previously been connected to the control network; and generating a new device profile for the third-party device based on the received data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has previously been connected to the control network; and providing a previous device profile based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises vendor information of the third-party device or model information of the third-party device or firmware information of the third-party device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the control network operates under a first network protocol and the third-party device operates under a second network protocol; and
configuring the third-party device further comprises converting the third-party device to operate from the second network protocol to the first network protocol. 8. A method for updating a device in a building management system (BMS), the method comprising:
determining that a third-party device has been discovered on a control network, the control network comprising a device manager and a user device; populating a template with a set of received data from the third-party device; mapping the third-party device with the control network based on the populated template of received data; and configuring the third-party device to operate in the control network, wherein configuring the third-party device comprises transforming a data exchange format of the third-party device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the third-party device is connected to the control network via building automation controls network over industrial (BACnet/IP) protocol or building automation controls network over master slave token passing (BACnet/MSTP) protocol. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
generating a profile of the third-party device; and displaying the profile of the third-party device to a user interface, wherein the profile comprises the received data. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising generating a default template of the third-party device, wherein the default template comprises vendor information or model information or firmware information. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has not previously been connected to the control network; and generating a new device profile for the third-party device based on the received data. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has previously been connected to the control network; and providing a previous device profile based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises vendor information of the third-party device or model information of the third-party device or firmware information of the third-party device. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the control network operates under a first network protocol and third-party device operates under a second network protocol; and
configuring the third-party device such that the third-party device further comprises converting the third-party device to operate from the second network protocol to the first network protocol. 15. A controller for configuring a device in a building management system (BMS), the controller comprising a processing circuit configured to:
determine that a third-party device has been discovered on a control network; populate a template with a set of received data from the third-party device; map the third-party device with the control network based on the populated template of received data; determine that the third-party device has previously been connected to the control network; provide a previous device profile based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises vendor information, model information, or firmware information of the third-party device; and configure the third-party device to operate in the control network, wherein configuring the third-party device comprises transforming a data exchange format of the third-party device. 16. The controller of claim 15, further comprising:
a user device comprising a user interface connected to the control network; and the processing circuit further configured to:
generate a profile of the third-party device; and
display the profile of the third-party device to the user interface, wherein the profile comprises the received data. 17. The controller of claim 15, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to generate a default template of the third-party device, wherein the default template comprises vendor information or model information or firmware information. 18. The controller of claim 15, wherein the control network and the third-party device operate over a building operation controls network (BACnet) protocol, wherein the BACnet protocol may be BACnet/IP, BACnet/Ethernet, or BACnet/MSTP. 19. The controller of claim 15, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has not previously been connected to the control network; and generating a new device profile for the third-party device based on the received data. 20. The controller of claim 15, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has previously been connected to the control network; and providing a previous device profile based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises vendor information of the third-party device or model information of the third-party device or firmware information of the third-party device. | A system for updating a device in a building management system (BMS). The system includes a third-party device and a device manager of a control network. The device manager updates the third-party device and includes a processing circuit that determines that the third-party device has been discovered on the control network. The processing circuit further populates a template with a set of received data from the third-party device and maps the third-party device with control network based on the populated template of received data. The processing circuit further configures the third-party device to operate in the control network, wherein configuring the third-party device comprises transforming a data exchange format of the third-party device.1. A system for updating a device in a building management system (BMS) for use with a third-party device, the system comprising:
a third-party device; a device manager of a control network, the device manager configured to update the third-party device and comprising a processing circuit configured to:
determine that the third-party device has been discovered on the control network;
populate a template with a set of received data from the third-party device;
map the third-party device with the control network based on the populated template of received data; and
configure the third-party device to operate in the control network, wherein configuring the third-party device comprises transforming a data exchange format of the third-party device. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a user device comprising a user interface connected to the control network; and the processing circuit further configured to:
generate a profile of the third-party device; and
display the profile of the third-party device to the user interface, wherein the profile comprises the received data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to generate a default template of the third-party device, wherein the default template comprises vendor information or model information or firmware information. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the control network, the third-party device, the device manager, and the user device operate over a building operation controls network (BACnet) protocol, wherein the BACnet protocol may be BACnet/IP, BACnet/Ethernet, or BACnet/MSTP. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has not previously been connected to the control network; and generating a new device profile for the third-party device based on the received data. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has previously been connected to the control network; and providing a previous device profile based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises vendor information of the third-party device or model information of the third-party device or firmware information of the third-party device. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the control network operates under a first network protocol and the third-party device operates under a second network protocol; and
configuring the third-party device further comprises converting the third-party device to operate from the second network protocol to the first network protocol. 8. A method for updating a device in a building management system (BMS), the method comprising:
determining that a third-party device has been discovered on a control network, the control network comprising a device manager and a user device; populating a template with a set of received data from the third-party device; mapping the third-party device with the control network based on the populated template of received data; and configuring the third-party device to operate in the control network, wherein configuring the third-party device comprises transforming a data exchange format of the third-party device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the third-party device is connected to the control network via building automation controls network over industrial (BACnet/IP) protocol or building automation controls network over master slave token passing (BACnet/MSTP) protocol. 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
generating a profile of the third-party device; and displaying the profile of the third-party device to a user interface, wherein the profile comprises the received data. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising generating a default template of the third-party device, wherein the default template comprises vendor information or model information or firmware information. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has not previously been connected to the control network; and generating a new device profile for the third-party device based on the received data. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has previously been connected to the control network; and providing a previous device profile based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises vendor information of the third-party device or model information of the third-party device or firmware information of the third-party device. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the control network operates under a first network protocol and third-party device operates under a second network protocol; and
configuring the third-party device such that the third-party device further comprises converting the third-party device to operate from the second network protocol to the first network protocol. 15. A controller for configuring a device in a building management system (BMS), the controller comprising a processing circuit configured to:
determine that a third-party device has been discovered on a control network; populate a template with a set of received data from the third-party device; map the third-party device with the control network based on the populated template of received data; determine that the third-party device has previously been connected to the control network; provide a previous device profile based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises vendor information, model information, or firmware information of the third-party device; and configure the third-party device to operate in the control network, wherein configuring the third-party device comprises transforming a data exchange format of the third-party device. 16. The controller of claim 15, further comprising:
a user device comprising a user interface connected to the control network; and the processing circuit further configured to:
generate a profile of the third-party device; and
display the profile of the third-party device to the user interface, wherein the profile comprises the received data. 17. The controller of claim 15, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to generate a default template of the third-party device, wherein the default template comprises vendor information or model information or firmware information. 18. The controller of claim 15, wherein the control network and the third-party device operate over a building operation controls network (BACnet) protocol, wherein the BACnet protocol may be BACnet/IP, BACnet/Ethernet, or BACnet/MSTP. 19. The controller of claim 15, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has not previously been connected to the control network; and generating a new device profile for the third-party device based on the received data. 20. The controller of claim 15, wherein configuring the third-party device further comprises:
determining that the third-party device has previously been connected to the control network; and providing a previous device profile based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises vendor information of the third-party device or model information of the third-party device or firmware information of the third-party device. | 2,100 |
346,531 | 16,805,005 | 2,853 | The present invention provides apparatus for an imaging system comprising a multitude of chemical emitting elements upon a substrate. In some embodiments the substrate may be approximately round with a radius of approximately one inch. Various methods relating to using and producing an imaging system of chemical emitters are disclosed. | 1. An imaging apparatus comprising:
a first apparatus comprising a first substrate with a multitude of imaging elements arrayed thereupon, wherein the imaging elements are capable of emitting a chemical droplet from their structure to a surface in a vicinity of the first apparatus, wherein the imaging elements are chemical droplet emitters formed upon or attached to the first substrate, wherein the chemical droplet comprises at least a first living cell; a second surface to be processed by the imaging apparatus; an alignment feature and alignment apparatus to measure the alignment feature; and a processor operant to collect data from imaging apparatus components, process the data and control imaging apparatus components based on the data. 2. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a second apparatus comprising a third substrate with a microfluidic chemical processing element, wherein a channel from the microfluidic chemical processing element is in physical communication with an imaging element. 3. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a piezoelectric actuating device to raster the imaging apparatus. 4. The imaging apparatus of claim 3 wherein the rastering comprises at least ten steps within a distance separating two of the chemical emitters. 5. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the living cell has been modified to be pluripotent. 6. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the imaging element uses electrostatics to discharge the chemical droplet. 7. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the imaging element uses gas pressure to discharge the chemical droplet. 8. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the imaging element uses ultrasonics or physical impact to discharge the chemical droplet. 9. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the imaging element uses thermal generation of bubbles to discharge the chemical droplet. 10. An imaging apparatus comprising:
an array of chemical emitters, wherein the chemical emitters comprise electroactive devices on a base layer, a microfluidic chemical processor which feeds material to the chemical emitters, and wherein there are more than 2 chemical emitters in the array; wherein the imaging apparatus is operated in a cleanspace fabricator wherein the product of the emission of the chemicals is moved within a sterile environment of the cleanspace fabricator; and electrical circuits connected to each of the chemical emitters, wherein the electrical circuits bias the electroactive devices based on data related to a model of a tissue to be formed. 11. The imaging apparatus of claim 10 wherein the chemical emitters emit droplets which comprise living cells. 12. The imaging apparatus of claim 11 wherein the cells are omnipotent stem cells. 13. The imaging apparatus of claim 11 wherein the number of chemical emitters exceeds 10. 14. The imaging apparatus of claim 13 wherein the chemical emitters emit droplets that are about 50 microns in size. 15. A method of forming a tissue comprising:
placing a substrate within a cleanspace fabricator; placing a microfluidic processor within the cleanspace fabricator; introducing a sample of cellular material into the microfluidic processor; separating the cellular material into at least a first and second separated collection of cells with different properties; printing cells from the first separated collection of cells upon the substrate to form the tissue, wherein the printing element emits droplets containing at least a first cell; maintaining a sterile environment around the substrate within the cleanspace fabricator while the cells of the tissue grow; obtaining a sample of cells from the tissue after growing; and performing a multi omic measurement upon the sample of cells, wherein the multi omic measurement is one or more of a proteomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic or genomic measurement. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the multi omic measurement is performed with a microfluidic processor. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein nourishment is supplied to the growing tissue through a first tool pod which contains the substrate and receives chemical supply from a reservoir of growth media. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein a concentration of a chemical constituent of the growth media is altered based upon the result of the multi omic measurement. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the tissue is removed from the first tool pod to a second tool pod where it is placed within packaging materials. 20. The method of claim 17 wherein the tissue is prepared for shipping within the first tool pod, wherein the first tool pod acts as a shipping container for the tissue. | The present invention provides apparatus for an imaging system comprising a multitude of chemical emitting elements upon a substrate. In some embodiments the substrate may be approximately round with a radius of approximately one inch. Various methods relating to using and producing an imaging system of chemical emitters are disclosed.1. An imaging apparatus comprising:
a first apparatus comprising a first substrate with a multitude of imaging elements arrayed thereupon, wherein the imaging elements are capable of emitting a chemical droplet from their structure to a surface in a vicinity of the first apparatus, wherein the imaging elements are chemical droplet emitters formed upon or attached to the first substrate, wherein the chemical droplet comprises at least a first living cell; a second surface to be processed by the imaging apparatus; an alignment feature and alignment apparatus to measure the alignment feature; and a processor operant to collect data from imaging apparatus components, process the data and control imaging apparatus components based on the data. 2. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a second apparatus comprising a third substrate with a microfluidic chemical processing element, wherein a channel from the microfluidic chemical processing element is in physical communication with an imaging element. 3. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a piezoelectric actuating device to raster the imaging apparatus. 4. The imaging apparatus of claim 3 wherein the rastering comprises at least ten steps within a distance separating two of the chemical emitters. 5. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the living cell has been modified to be pluripotent. 6. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the imaging element uses electrostatics to discharge the chemical droplet. 7. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the imaging element uses gas pressure to discharge the chemical droplet. 8. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the imaging element uses ultrasonics or physical impact to discharge the chemical droplet. 9. The imaging apparatus of claim 1 wherein the imaging element uses thermal generation of bubbles to discharge the chemical droplet. 10. An imaging apparatus comprising:
an array of chemical emitters, wherein the chemical emitters comprise electroactive devices on a base layer, a microfluidic chemical processor which feeds material to the chemical emitters, and wherein there are more than 2 chemical emitters in the array; wherein the imaging apparatus is operated in a cleanspace fabricator wherein the product of the emission of the chemicals is moved within a sterile environment of the cleanspace fabricator; and electrical circuits connected to each of the chemical emitters, wherein the electrical circuits bias the electroactive devices based on data related to a model of a tissue to be formed. 11. The imaging apparatus of claim 10 wherein the chemical emitters emit droplets which comprise living cells. 12. The imaging apparatus of claim 11 wherein the cells are omnipotent stem cells. 13. The imaging apparatus of claim 11 wherein the number of chemical emitters exceeds 10. 14. The imaging apparatus of claim 13 wherein the chemical emitters emit droplets that are about 50 microns in size. 15. A method of forming a tissue comprising:
placing a substrate within a cleanspace fabricator; placing a microfluidic processor within the cleanspace fabricator; introducing a sample of cellular material into the microfluidic processor; separating the cellular material into at least a first and second separated collection of cells with different properties; printing cells from the first separated collection of cells upon the substrate to form the tissue, wherein the printing element emits droplets containing at least a first cell; maintaining a sterile environment around the substrate within the cleanspace fabricator while the cells of the tissue grow; obtaining a sample of cells from the tissue after growing; and performing a multi omic measurement upon the sample of cells, wherein the multi omic measurement is one or more of a proteomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic or genomic measurement. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the multi omic measurement is performed with a microfluidic processor. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein nourishment is supplied to the growing tissue through a first tool pod which contains the substrate and receives chemical supply from a reservoir of growth media. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein a concentration of a chemical constituent of the growth media is altered based upon the result of the multi omic measurement. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the tissue is removed from the first tool pod to a second tool pod where it is placed within packaging materials. 20. The method of claim 17 wherein the tissue is prepared for shipping within the first tool pod, wherein the first tool pod acts as a shipping container for the tissue. | 2,800 |
346,532 | 16,804,982 | 2,853 | Three-dimensional (3D) nonvolatile memory devices include a substrate having a well region of second conductivity type (e.g., P-type) therein and a common source region of first conductivity type (e.g., N-type) on the well region. A recess extends partially (or completely) through the common source region. A vertical stack of nonvolatile memory cells on the substrate includes a vertical stack of spaced-apart gate electrodes and a vertical active region, which extends on sidewalls of the vertical stack of spaced-apart gate electrodes and on a sidewall of the recess. Gate dielectric layers extend between respective ones of the vertical stack of spaced-apart gate electrodes and the vertical active region. The gate dielectric layers may include a composite of a tunnel insulating layer, a charge storage layer, a relatively high bandgap barrier dielectric layer and a blocking insulating layer having a relatively high dielectric strength. | 1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a stack structure of nonvolatile memory cells on a substrate, the stack structure including a plurality of gate patterns vertically spaced apart from one another on the substrate and a plurality of insulation patterns between the plurality of gate patterns, respectively; a vertical active pattern extending through the stack structure and into the substrate, the vertical active pattern including a lower active pattern in a recess region of the substrate and an upper active pattern on the lower active pattern; and a gate dielectric layer between the upper active pattern and the plurality of gate patterns, the gate dielectric layer including a tunnel dielectric layer adjacent to the upper active pattern, a blocking dielectric layer adjacent to a corresponding one of the plurality of gate patterns, and a charge storage layer between the tunnel dielectric layer and the blocking dielectric layer; wherein a top surface of the lower active pattern has a center portion and an edge portion higher than the center portion, such that the center portion and the edge portion defines a recess of the lower active pattern, wherein the lower portion of the upper active pattern extends into the recess of the lower active pattern, and wherein a bottom of the lower portion of the upper active pattern is lower than the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern, wherein the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern is at a level higher than a top surface of a lowermost one of the plurality of gate patterns, and wherein a width of the upper active pattern is less than that of the lower active pattern. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern is at the level between the top surface of the lowermost one of the plurality of gate patterns and a bottom surface of a second one of the plurality of gate patterns that is adjacent to the lowermost gate pattern. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the lower portion of the upper active pattern contacts the center portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the substrate has a first doped region with a first conductive dopant, and
wherein the first doped region contacts a sidewall of the lower active pattern. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the first doped region is formed at or below a top surface of the substrate. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the substrate further has a second doped region with a second conductive dopant, the second doped region being under the first doped region. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein the first doped region includes a common source region and the second doped region includes a well region. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of a silicon layer, a germanium layer or a silicon-germanium layer. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the stack structure extends in a first direction that is parallel with a top surface of the substrate, and
wherein the vertical active pattern comprises a plurality of vertical active patterns that are arranged in the first direction. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of the lower active pattern is lower than a top surface of the substrate. 11. A semiconductor device comprising:
a stack structure of nonvolatile memory cells on a substrate, the stack structure including a plurality of gate patterns vertically spaced apart from one another on the substrate and a plurality of insulation patterns between the plurality of gate patterns, respectively; a vertical active pattern extending through the stack structure and into the substrate, the vertical active pattern including a lower active pattern in a recess region of the substrate and an upper active pattern on the lower active pattern and having a cylindrical shape in which a lower portion is closed; a gate dielectric layer between the upper active pattern and the plurality of gate patterns, the gate dielectric layer including a tunnel dielectric layer adjacent to the upper active pattern, a blocking dielectric layer adjacent to a corresponding one of the plurality of gate patterns, and a charge storage layer between the tunnel dielectric layer and the blocking dielectric layer; a filling dielectric pattern in an interior of the upper active pattern; a capping pattern on the upper active pattern and the filling dielectric pattern; an interlayer dielectric layer on the stack structure; a bit line on the interlayer dielectric layer; and a contact plug penetrating the interlayer dielectric layer and connecting the bit line to the capping pattern, wherein a top surface of the lower active pattern has a center portion and an edge portion higher than the center portion, wherein the charge storage layer includes: a vertical portion extending in a first direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate; and a horizontal portion extending in a second direction from vertical portion, the second direction being different from the first direction. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the vertical portion is between a lowermost one of the plurality of gate patterns and the upper active pattern, and
a horizontal portion is between the upper active pattern and the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the horizontal portion contacts a sidewall of the lower portion of the lower active pattern. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the vertical portion and the horizontal portion constitute an L-shaped cross-sectional profile. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern is at a level higher than a top surface of a lowermost one of the plurality of gate patterns. 16. A semiconductor device comprising:
a stack structure of nonvolatile memory cells on a substrate, the stack structure including a plurality of gate patterns vertically spaced apart from one another on the substrate and a plurality of insulation patterns between the plurality of gate patterns, respectively; a vertical active pattern extending through the stack structure and into the substrate, the vertical active pattern including a lower active pattern in a recess region of the substrate and an upper active pattern on the lower active pattern; and a gate dielectric layer between the upper active pattern and the plurality of gate patterns, the gate dielectric layer including a tunnel dielectric layer adjacent to the upper active pattern, a blocking dielectric layer adjacent to a corresponding one of the plurality of gate patterns, and a charge storage layer between the tunnel dielectric layer and the blocking dielectric layer, wherein the upper active pattern includes a first upper active pattern and a second upper active pattern covering a sidewall of the first upper active pattern, wherein a lower portion of the first upper active pattern extends into the lower active pattern, and wherein a bottom of the lower portion of the first upper active pattern is lower than a bottom of the second upper active pattern. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein a top surface of the lower active pattern has a center portion and an edge portion higher than the center portion, and
wherein the bottom of the lower portion of the first upper active pattern contacts the center portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the charge storage layer extends between the bottom of the second upper active pattern and the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern is at a level higher than a top surface of a lowermost one of the plurality of gate patterns. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein a bottom surface of the lower active pattern is lower than a top surface of the substrate. | Three-dimensional (3D) nonvolatile memory devices include a substrate having a well region of second conductivity type (e.g., P-type) therein and a common source region of first conductivity type (e.g., N-type) on the well region. A recess extends partially (or completely) through the common source region. A vertical stack of nonvolatile memory cells on the substrate includes a vertical stack of spaced-apart gate electrodes and a vertical active region, which extends on sidewalls of the vertical stack of spaced-apart gate electrodes and on a sidewall of the recess. Gate dielectric layers extend between respective ones of the vertical stack of spaced-apart gate electrodes and the vertical active region. The gate dielectric layers may include a composite of a tunnel insulating layer, a charge storage layer, a relatively high bandgap barrier dielectric layer and a blocking insulating layer having a relatively high dielectric strength.1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a stack structure of nonvolatile memory cells on a substrate, the stack structure including a plurality of gate patterns vertically spaced apart from one another on the substrate and a plurality of insulation patterns between the plurality of gate patterns, respectively; a vertical active pattern extending through the stack structure and into the substrate, the vertical active pattern including a lower active pattern in a recess region of the substrate and an upper active pattern on the lower active pattern; and a gate dielectric layer between the upper active pattern and the plurality of gate patterns, the gate dielectric layer including a tunnel dielectric layer adjacent to the upper active pattern, a blocking dielectric layer adjacent to a corresponding one of the plurality of gate patterns, and a charge storage layer between the tunnel dielectric layer and the blocking dielectric layer; wherein a top surface of the lower active pattern has a center portion and an edge portion higher than the center portion, such that the center portion and the edge portion defines a recess of the lower active pattern, wherein the lower portion of the upper active pattern extends into the recess of the lower active pattern, and wherein a bottom of the lower portion of the upper active pattern is lower than the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern, wherein the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern is at a level higher than a top surface of a lowermost one of the plurality of gate patterns, and wherein a width of the upper active pattern is less than that of the lower active pattern. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern is at the level between the top surface of the lowermost one of the plurality of gate patterns and a bottom surface of a second one of the plurality of gate patterns that is adjacent to the lowermost gate pattern. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the lower portion of the upper active pattern contacts the center portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the substrate has a first doped region with a first conductive dopant, and
wherein the first doped region contacts a sidewall of the lower active pattern. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the first doped region is formed at or below a top surface of the substrate. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 4, wherein the substrate further has a second doped region with a second conductive dopant, the second doped region being under the first doped region. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 6, wherein the first doped region includes a common source region and the second doped region includes a well region. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises at least one of a silicon layer, a germanium layer or a silicon-germanium layer. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein the stack structure extends in a first direction that is parallel with a top surface of the substrate, and
wherein the vertical active pattern comprises a plurality of vertical active patterns that are arranged in the first direction. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of the lower active pattern is lower than a top surface of the substrate. 11. A semiconductor device comprising:
a stack structure of nonvolatile memory cells on a substrate, the stack structure including a plurality of gate patterns vertically spaced apart from one another on the substrate and a plurality of insulation patterns between the plurality of gate patterns, respectively; a vertical active pattern extending through the stack structure and into the substrate, the vertical active pattern including a lower active pattern in a recess region of the substrate and an upper active pattern on the lower active pattern and having a cylindrical shape in which a lower portion is closed; a gate dielectric layer between the upper active pattern and the plurality of gate patterns, the gate dielectric layer including a tunnel dielectric layer adjacent to the upper active pattern, a blocking dielectric layer adjacent to a corresponding one of the plurality of gate patterns, and a charge storage layer between the tunnel dielectric layer and the blocking dielectric layer; a filling dielectric pattern in an interior of the upper active pattern; a capping pattern on the upper active pattern and the filling dielectric pattern; an interlayer dielectric layer on the stack structure; a bit line on the interlayer dielectric layer; and a contact plug penetrating the interlayer dielectric layer and connecting the bit line to the capping pattern, wherein a top surface of the lower active pattern has a center portion and an edge portion higher than the center portion, wherein the charge storage layer includes: a vertical portion extending in a first direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate; and a horizontal portion extending in a second direction from vertical portion, the second direction being different from the first direction. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the vertical portion is between a lowermost one of the plurality of gate patterns and the upper active pattern, and
a horizontal portion is between the upper active pattern and the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the horizontal portion contacts a sidewall of the lower portion of the lower active pattern. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the vertical portion and the horizontal portion constitute an L-shaped cross-sectional profile. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern is at a level higher than a top surface of a lowermost one of the plurality of gate patterns. 16. A semiconductor device comprising:
a stack structure of nonvolatile memory cells on a substrate, the stack structure including a plurality of gate patterns vertically spaced apart from one another on the substrate and a plurality of insulation patterns between the plurality of gate patterns, respectively; a vertical active pattern extending through the stack structure and into the substrate, the vertical active pattern including a lower active pattern in a recess region of the substrate and an upper active pattern on the lower active pattern; and a gate dielectric layer between the upper active pattern and the plurality of gate patterns, the gate dielectric layer including a tunnel dielectric layer adjacent to the upper active pattern, a blocking dielectric layer adjacent to a corresponding one of the plurality of gate patterns, and a charge storage layer between the tunnel dielectric layer and the blocking dielectric layer, wherein the upper active pattern includes a first upper active pattern and a second upper active pattern covering a sidewall of the first upper active pattern, wherein a lower portion of the first upper active pattern extends into the lower active pattern, and wherein a bottom of the lower portion of the first upper active pattern is lower than a bottom of the second upper active pattern. 17. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein a top surface of the lower active pattern has a center portion and an edge portion higher than the center portion, and
wherein the bottom of the lower portion of the first upper active pattern contacts the center portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern. 18. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the charge storage layer extends between the bottom of the second upper active pattern and the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern. 19. The semiconductor device of claim 17, wherein the edge portion of the top surface of the lower active pattern is at a level higher than a top surface of a lowermost one of the plurality of gate patterns. 20. The semiconductor device of claim 16, wherein a bottom surface of the lower active pattern is lower than a top surface of the substrate. | 2,800 |
346,533 | 16,804,994 | 2,853 | A voltage regulator circuit includes a first voltage regulator having a first output voltage selection pin set and producing a first output voltage based on a first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set, and a second voltage regulator having a second output voltage selection pin set and producing a second output voltage based on a second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set. The first and second voltage regulators are operable in a voltage tracking mode with the output voltage of the second voltage regulator tracking the output voltage of the first voltage regulator when digital signals received at the selection pin sets have a same value. An overvoltage sensor detects overvoltage events at the first voltage regulator. Control circuitry selectively avoids operation in voltage tracking mode as a result of an overvoltage event detected at the first voltage regulator. | 1. A circuit, comprising:
a first voltage regulator having a first output voltage selection pin set, the first voltage regulator configured to receive a first digital signal at the first output voltage selection pin set and activatable to produce a first output voltage which is a function of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set; a second voltage regulator having a second output voltage selection pin set, the second voltage regulator configured to receive a second digital signal at the second output voltage selection pin set and activatable to produce a second output voltage which is a function of the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set; wherein the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator are operable in a voltage tracking mode with the second output voltage of the second voltage regulator tracking the first output voltage of the first voltage regulator as a result of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having same values; an overvoltage sensor configured to detect overvoltage events occurring at an output of the first voltage regulator; and control circuitry coupled to the overvoltage sensor, the control circuitry configured to avoid operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator in the voltage tracking mode as a result of an overvoltage event detected at the output of the first voltage regulator. 2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, with operation in the voltage tracking mode avoided, the second voltage regulator is configured to produce said second output voltage, which is a function of the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set, independently of the first voltage regulator. 3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein:
the control circuitry is coupled to the first output voltage selection pin set in the first voltage regulator and to the second output voltage selection pin set in the second voltage regulator; and the control circuitry is configured to avoid operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator in the voltage tracking mode:
a) as a result of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having different values; or
b) as a result of an overvoltage event detected at the output of the first voltage regulator and the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having a same value. 4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the control circuitry is coupled to the first output voltage selection pin set in the first voltage regulator and to the second output voltage selection pin set in the second voltage regulator; and the control circuitry is configured to avoid operation of the first voltage regulator and second voltage regulator in the voltage tracking mode:
a) as a result of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having different values; or
b) as a result of an overvoltage event detected at the output of the first voltage regulator and the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having a same value. 5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry comprises:
a power supply node; a first switch configured to be selectively switched to a conductive state to couple the first voltage regulator to the power supply node; and a second switch configured to be selectively switched to a conductive state to couple the second voltage regulator to the power supply node. 6. The circuit of claim 5, further comprising:
a memory circuit configured to store the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set of the first voltage regulator and to store the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set of the second voltage regulator; and switch control circuitry coupled to the memory circuit and the overvoltage sensor, the switch control circuitry configured to switch the first or second switch to a conductive state as a function of the first digital signal, the second digital signal stored in the memory circuit, and an overvoltage signal received from the overvoltage sensor as a result of an overvoltage event being detected at the output of the first voltage regulator. 7. A method of operating a circuit, comprising:
a first voltage regulator having a first output voltage selection pin set, the first voltage regulator configured to receive a first digital signal at the first output voltage selection pin set and activatable to produce a first output voltage which is a function of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set; a second voltage regulator having a second output voltage selection pin set, the second voltage regulator configured to receive a second digital signal at the second output voltage selection pin set and activatable to produce a second output voltage which is a function of the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set; wherein the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator are operable in a voltage tracking mode with the second output voltage of the second voltage regulator tracking the first output voltage of the first voltage regulator as a result of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having same values; an overvoltage sensor configured to detect overvoltage events occurring at an output of the first voltage regulator; and control circuitry coupled to the overvoltage sensor; wherein the method of operating the circuit comprises: identifying the first digital signal at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal at the second output voltage selection pin set; as a result of a negative outcome of said identification, enabling independent operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator, wherein the first voltage regulator produces a first output voltage which is a function of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second voltage regulator produces a second output voltage which is a function of the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set; as a result of a positive outcome of said identification, checking said overvoltage sensor for occurrence of an overvoltage event at the output of the first voltage regulator, and
a) if checking said overvoltage sensor indicates an overvoltage event at the output of the first voltage regulator, avoiding voltage tracking mode operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator by enabling independent operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator, wherein the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator produce a first output voltage and a second output voltage which are a function of the mutually identical first digital signal at the first output voltage selection pin set and second digital signal at the second output voltage selection pin set; or
b) if checking said overvoltage sensor fails to indicate an overvoltage event at the output of the at first voltage regulator, enabling voltage tracking mode operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator, with the second output voltage of the second voltage regulator tracking the first output voltage of the first voltage regulator. 8. A circuit, comprising:
a first voltage regulator having a first output voltage selection input, the first voltage regulator configured to receive a first digital signal at the first output voltage selection input which specifies a first output voltage to be produced; a second voltage regulator having a second output voltage selection input, the second voltage regulator configured to receive a second digital signal at the second output voltage which specifies a second output voltage to be produced; control circuitry coupled to the overvoltage sensor, the control circuitry configured to control operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator in a voltage tracking mode with the second output voltage tracking the first output voltage in response to the first digital signal received and the second digital signal having same values; an overvoltage sensor configured to detect an overvoltage of the first voltage regulator; and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to selectively prevent operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator in the voltage tracking mode when the first digital signal and the second digital signal have a same value but an overvoltage event is detected at the output of first voltage regulator. 9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein, when operation in the voltage tracking mode is prevented by the control circuitry, the second voltage regulator is configured to produce said second output voltage, which is a function of the second digital signal received independently of the first voltage regulator. 10. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the control circuitry comprises:
a power supply node; a first switch being selectively switchable to a conductive state to couple the first voltage regulator to the power supply node; and a second switch being selectively switchable to a conductive state to couple the second voltage regulator to the power supply node. 11. The circuit of claim 10, further comprising:
a memory circuit configured to store the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and switch control circuitry coupled to the memory circuit and the overvoltage sensor, the switch control circuitry configured to switch the first or second switch to its conductive state as a function of the first digital signal stored in the memory circuit, the second digital signal stored in the memory circuit, and an overvoltage signal received from the overvoltage sensor as a result of an overvoltage event being detected at the output of the first voltage regulator. 12. A circuit, comprising:
a first voltage regulator activatable to produce a first output voltage; a second voltage regulator activatable to produce a second output voltage; wherein the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator are operable in a voltage tracking mode with the second output voltage tracking the first output voltage, in response to first and second digital signals associated with the first and second voltage regulators; an overvoltage sensor configured to detect overvoltage events occurring at an output of the first voltage regulator; and control circuitry coupled to the overvoltage sensor, the control circuitry configured to selectively prevent operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator in the voltage tracking mode based upon the first and second digital signals. 13. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry prevents operation of the first and second voltage regulators in the voltage tracking mode if the first digital signal and the second digital signal have different values. 14. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry prevents operation of the first and second voltage regulators in the voltage tracking mode if the first digital signal and the second digital signal have a same value but an overvoltage event is detected at the output of first voltage regulator. 15. The circuit of claim 12, wherein, when operation in the voltage tracking mode is prevented by the control circuitry, the second voltage regulator is configured to produce said second output voltage independently of the first voltage regulator. 16. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry comprises:
a power supply node; a first switch being selectively switchable to a conductive state to couple the first voltage regulator to the power supply node; and a second switch being selectively switchable to a conductive state to couple the second voltage regulator to the power supply node. 17. The circuit of claim 10, further comprising:
switch control circuitry configured to switch the first or second switch to its conductive state as a function of the first digital signal, the second digital signal, and an overvoltage signal received from the overvoltage sensor as a result of an overvoltage event being detected at the output of the first voltage regulator. | A voltage regulator circuit includes a first voltage regulator having a first output voltage selection pin set and producing a first output voltage based on a first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set, and a second voltage regulator having a second output voltage selection pin set and producing a second output voltage based on a second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set. The first and second voltage regulators are operable in a voltage tracking mode with the output voltage of the second voltage regulator tracking the output voltage of the first voltage regulator when digital signals received at the selection pin sets have a same value. An overvoltage sensor detects overvoltage events at the first voltage regulator. Control circuitry selectively avoids operation in voltage tracking mode as a result of an overvoltage event detected at the first voltage regulator.1. A circuit, comprising:
a first voltage regulator having a first output voltage selection pin set, the first voltage regulator configured to receive a first digital signal at the first output voltage selection pin set and activatable to produce a first output voltage which is a function of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set; a second voltage regulator having a second output voltage selection pin set, the second voltage regulator configured to receive a second digital signal at the second output voltage selection pin set and activatable to produce a second output voltage which is a function of the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set; wherein the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator are operable in a voltage tracking mode with the second output voltage of the second voltage regulator tracking the first output voltage of the first voltage regulator as a result of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having same values; an overvoltage sensor configured to detect overvoltage events occurring at an output of the first voltage regulator; and control circuitry coupled to the overvoltage sensor, the control circuitry configured to avoid operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator in the voltage tracking mode as a result of an overvoltage event detected at the output of the first voltage regulator. 2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein, with operation in the voltage tracking mode avoided, the second voltage regulator is configured to produce said second output voltage, which is a function of the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set, independently of the first voltage regulator. 3. The circuit of claim 2, wherein:
the control circuitry is coupled to the first output voltage selection pin set in the first voltage regulator and to the second output voltage selection pin set in the second voltage regulator; and the control circuitry is configured to avoid operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator in the voltage tracking mode:
a) as a result of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having different values; or
b) as a result of an overvoltage event detected at the output of the first voltage regulator and the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having a same value. 4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein:
the control circuitry is coupled to the first output voltage selection pin set in the first voltage regulator and to the second output voltage selection pin set in the second voltage regulator; and the control circuitry is configured to avoid operation of the first voltage regulator and second voltage regulator in the voltage tracking mode:
a) as a result of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having different values; or
b) as a result of an overvoltage event detected at the output of the first voltage regulator and the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having a same value. 5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry comprises:
a power supply node; a first switch configured to be selectively switched to a conductive state to couple the first voltage regulator to the power supply node; and a second switch configured to be selectively switched to a conductive state to couple the second voltage regulator to the power supply node. 6. The circuit of claim 5, further comprising:
a memory circuit configured to store the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set of the first voltage regulator and to store the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set of the second voltage regulator; and switch control circuitry coupled to the memory circuit and the overvoltage sensor, the switch control circuitry configured to switch the first or second switch to a conductive state as a function of the first digital signal, the second digital signal stored in the memory circuit, and an overvoltage signal received from the overvoltage sensor as a result of an overvoltage event being detected at the output of the first voltage regulator. 7. A method of operating a circuit, comprising:
a first voltage regulator having a first output voltage selection pin set, the first voltage regulator configured to receive a first digital signal at the first output voltage selection pin set and activatable to produce a first output voltage which is a function of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set; a second voltage regulator having a second output voltage selection pin set, the second voltage regulator configured to receive a second digital signal at the second output voltage selection pin set and activatable to produce a second output voltage which is a function of the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set; wherein the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator are operable in a voltage tracking mode with the second output voltage of the second voltage regulator tracking the first output voltage of the first voltage regulator as a result of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set having same values; an overvoltage sensor configured to detect overvoltage events occurring at an output of the first voltage regulator; and control circuitry coupled to the overvoltage sensor; wherein the method of operating the circuit comprises: identifying the first digital signal at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second digital signal at the second output voltage selection pin set; as a result of a negative outcome of said identification, enabling independent operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator, wherein the first voltage regulator produces a first output voltage which is a function of the first digital signal received at the first output voltage selection pin set and the second voltage regulator produces a second output voltage which is a function of the second digital signal received at the second output voltage selection pin set; as a result of a positive outcome of said identification, checking said overvoltage sensor for occurrence of an overvoltage event at the output of the first voltage regulator, and
a) if checking said overvoltage sensor indicates an overvoltage event at the output of the first voltage regulator, avoiding voltage tracking mode operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator by enabling independent operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator, wherein the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator produce a first output voltage and a second output voltage which are a function of the mutually identical first digital signal at the first output voltage selection pin set and second digital signal at the second output voltage selection pin set; or
b) if checking said overvoltage sensor fails to indicate an overvoltage event at the output of the at first voltage regulator, enabling voltage tracking mode operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator, with the second output voltage of the second voltage regulator tracking the first output voltage of the first voltage regulator. 8. A circuit, comprising:
a first voltage regulator having a first output voltage selection input, the first voltage regulator configured to receive a first digital signal at the first output voltage selection input which specifies a first output voltage to be produced; a second voltage regulator having a second output voltage selection input, the second voltage regulator configured to receive a second digital signal at the second output voltage which specifies a second output voltage to be produced; control circuitry coupled to the overvoltage sensor, the control circuitry configured to control operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator in a voltage tracking mode with the second output voltage tracking the first output voltage in response to the first digital signal received and the second digital signal having same values; an overvoltage sensor configured to detect an overvoltage of the first voltage regulator; and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to selectively prevent operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator in the voltage tracking mode when the first digital signal and the second digital signal have a same value but an overvoltage event is detected at the output of first voltage regulator. 9. The circuit of claim 8, wherein, when operation in the voltage tracking mode is prevented by the control circuitry, the second voltage regulator is configured to produce said second output voltage, which is a function of the second digital signal received independently of the first voltage regulator. 10. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the control circuitry comprises:
a power supply node; a first switch being selectively switchable to a conductive state to couple the first voltage regulator to the power supply node; and a second switch being selectively switchable to a conductive state to couple the second voltage regulator to the power supply node. 11. The circuit of claim 10, further comprising:
a memory circuit configured to store the first digital signal and the second digital signal, and switch control circuitry coupled to the memory circuit and the overvoltage sensor, the switch control circuitry configured to switch the first or second switch to its conductive state as a function of the first digital signal stored in the memory circuit, the second digital signal stored in the memory circuit, and an overvoltage signal received from the overvoltage sensor as a result of an overvoltage event being detected at the output of the first voltage regulator. 12. A circuit, comprising:
a first voltage regulator activatable to produce a first output voltage; a second voltage regulator activatable to produce a second output voltage; wherein the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator are operable in a voltage tracking mode with the second output voltage tracking the first output voltage, in response to first and second digital signals associated with the first and second voltage regulators; an overvoltage sensor configured to detect overvoltage events occurring at an output of the first voltage regulator; and control circuitry coupled to the overvoltage sensor, the control circuitry configured to selectively prevent operation of the first voltage regulator and the second voltage regulator in the voltage tracking mode based upon the first and second digital signals. 13. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry prevents operation of the first and second voltage regulators in the voltage tracking mode if the first digital signal and the second digital signal have different values. 14. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry prevents operation of the first and second voltage regulators in the voltage tracking mode if the first digital signal and the second digital signal have a same value but an overvoltage event is detected at the output of first voltage regulator. 15. The circuit of claim 12, wherein, when operation in the voltage tracking mode is prevented by the control circuitry, the second voltage regulator is configured to produce said second output voltage independently of the first voltage regulator. 16. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the control circuitry comprises:
a power supply node; a first switch being selectively switchable to a conductive state to couple the first voltage regulator to the power supply node; and a second switch being selectively switchable to a conductive state to couple the second voltage regulator to the power supply node. 17. The circuit of claim 10, further comprising:
switch control circuitry configured to switch the first or second switch to its conductive state as a function of the first digital signal, the second digital signal, and an overvoltage signal received from the overvoltage sensor as a result of an overvoltage event being detected at the output of the first voltage regulator. | 2,800 |
346,534 | 16,804,986 | 2,853 | A light emitter, comprising light emitting devices mechanically interconnected by a common substrate and an interconnection submount. The light emitting devices are electrically interconnected by the submount to provide an array of serially connected subsets of light emitting devices, each subset comprising at least three light emitting devices electrically connected in parallel. Also, a light emitter comprising first light emitting devices mechanically interconnected by a first common substrate, and second light emitting devices mechanically interconnected by a second common substrate, the first light emitting devices being mechanically and electrically connected to the second light emitting devices. Also, a light emitter comprising mechanically interconnected light emitting devices and means for mechanically and electrically interconnecting the plurality of light emitting devices to provide an array of serially connected subsets of light emitting devices, each subset comprising at least three light emitting devices electrically connected in parallel. Also, methods of fabricating light emitters. | 1. A multiple light emitting diode (LED) chip, comprising:
a substrate; at least a first n-type layer comprising at least a first n-type region and a second n-type region; at least a first active layer comprising at least a first active region and a second active region at least a first p-type layer comprising at least a first p-type region and a second p-type region, wherein the first n-type region, the first active region, and the first p-type region together comprise a first light emitting device on the substrate, and the second n-type region, the second active region, and the second p-type region together comprise a second light emitting device on the substrate; and at least one isolation region configured to electrically isolate the first light emitting device from the second light emitting device, wherein the at least one isolation region is arranged to extend at least partially into the substrate. 2. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein the at least one isolation region comprises a trench that extends through an entire thickness of the first n-type layer, the first active layer, and the first p-type layer. 3. The multiple LED chip of claim 2, wherein the trench is filled with an insulating material. 4. The multiple LED chip of claim 3, wherein the insulating material comprises at least one of an oxide and a nitride. 5. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein the at least one isolation region is arranged to extend through an entire thickness of the substrate. 6. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein substrate comprises sapphire. 7. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein substrate comprises silicon carbide. 8. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, further comprising light extraction features formed on the substrate. 9. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein the first light emitting device comprises a first light emitting device n-contact and a first light emitting device p-contact, and the second light emitting device comprises a second light emitting device n-contact and a second light emitting device p-contact. 10. The multiple LED chip of claim 9, wherein the first light emitting device n-contact, the first light emitting device p-contact, the second light emitting device n-contact, and the second light emitting device p-contact are all arranged on a same side of the light emitter. 11. The multiple LED chip of claim 9, wherein the first light emitting device n-contact, the first light emitting device p-contact, the second light emitting device n-contact, and the second light emitting device p-contact are arranged to be flip-chip mounted to a support element. 12. The multiple LED chip of claim 11, wherein a contact surface of the first light emitting device n-contact, a contact surface of the first light emitting device p-contact, a contact surface of the second light emitting device n-contact, and a contact surface of the second light emitting device p-contact are all substantially coplanar along a first plane. 13. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein the at least one isolation region comprises an ion implanted region. 14. A method for fabricating a multiple light emitting diode (LED) chip, the method comprising:
providing an n-type layer, an active layer, and a p-type layer on a substrate; forming at least one isolation region that extends through the n-type layer, the active layer, and the p-type layer and at least partially into the substrate, the at least one isolation region defining a first light emitting device and a second light emitting device on the substrate, wherein the first light emitting device comprises a first n-type region of the n-type layer, a first active region of the active layer, and a first p-type region of the p-type layer, and wherein the second light emitting device comprises a second n-type region of the n-type layer, a second active region of the active layer, and a second p-type region of the p-type layer; and forming separate anode and cathode connections for first light emitting device and the second light emitting device. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein forming the at least one isolation region comprises etching the n-type layer, the active layer, the p-type layer, and at least a portion of the substrate. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein forming the at least one isolation region comprises sawing the n-type layer, the active layer, the p-type layer, and at least a portion of the substrate. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein forming the at least one isolation region comprises ion implanting the n-type layer, the active layer, the p-type layer, and at least a portion of the substrate. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one isolation region comprises a trench. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising filling the trench with an insulating material. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the insulating material comprises at least one of an oxide and a nitride. 21. The method of claim 14, further comprising flip-chip mounting the multiple LED chip such that the separate anode and cathode connections are mounted to another surface. | A light emitter, comprising light emitting devices mechanically interconnected by a common substrate and an interconnection submount. The light emitting devices are electrically interconnected by the submount to provide an array of serially connected subsets of light emitting devices, each subset comprising at least three light emitting devices electrically connected in parallel. Also, a light emitter comprising first light emitting devices mechanically interconnected by a first common substrate, and second light emitting devices mechanically interconnected by a second common substrate, the first light emitting devices being mechanically and electrically connected to the second light emitting devices. Also, a light emitter comprising mechanically interconnected light emitting devices and means for mechanically and electrically interconnecting the plurality of light emitting devices to provide an array of serially connected subsets of light emitting devices, each subset comprising at least three light emitting devices electrically connected in parallel. Also, methods of fabricating light emitters.1. A multiple light emitting diode (LED) chip, comprising:
a substrate; at least a first n-type layer comprising at least a first n-type region and a second n-type region; at least a first active layer comprising at least a first active region and a second active region at least a first p-type layer comprising at least a first p-type region and a second p-type region, wherein the first n-type region, the first active region, and the first p-type region together comprise a first light emitting device on the substrate, and the second n-type region, the second active region, and the second p-type region together comprise a second light emitting device on the substrate; and at least one isolation region configured to electrically isolate the first light emitting device from the second light emitting device, wherein the at least one isolation region is arranged to extend at least partially into the substrate. 2. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein the at least one isolation region comprises a trench that extends through an entire thickness of the first n-type layer, the first active layer, and the first p-type layer. 3. The multiple LED chip of claim 2, wherein the trench is filled with an insulating material. 4. The multiple LED chip of claim 3, wherein the insulating material comprises at least one of an oxide and a nitride. 5. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein the at least one isolation region is arranged to extend through an entire thickness of the substrate. 6. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein substrate comprises sapphire. 7. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein substrate comprises silicon carbide. 8. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, further comprising light extraction features formed on the substrate. 9. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein the first light emitting device comprises a first light emitting device n-contact and a first light emitting device p-contact, and the second light emitting device comprises a second light emitting device n-contact and a second light emitting device p-contact. 10. The multiple LED chip of claim 9, wherein the first light emitting device n-contact, the first light emitting device p-contact, the second light emitting device n-contact, and the second light emitting device p-contact are all arranged on a same side of the light emitter. 11. The multiple LED chip of claim 9, wherein the first light emitting device n-contact, the first light emitting device p-contact, the second light emitting device n-contact, and the second light emitting device p-contact are arranged to be flip-chip mounted to a support element. 12. The multiple LED chip of claim 11, wherein a contact surface of the first light emitting device n-contact, a contact surface of the first light emitting device p-contact, a contact surface of the second light emitting device n-contact, and a contact surface of the second light emitting device p-contact are all substantially coplanar along a first plane. 13. The multiple LED chip of claim 1, wherein the at least one isolation region comprises an ion implanted region. 14. A method for fabricating a multiple light emitting diode (LED) chip, the method comprising:
providing an n-type layer, an active layer, and a p-type layer on a substrate; forming at least one isolation region that extends through the n-type layer, the active layer, and the p-type layer and at least partially into the substrate, the at least one isolation region defining a first light emitting device and a second light emitting device on the substrate, wherein the first light emitting device comprises a first n-type region of the n-type layer, a first active region of the active layer, and a first p-type region of the p-type layer, and wherein the second light emitting device comprises a second n-type region of the n-type layer, a second active region of the active layer, and a second p-type region of the p-type layer; and forming separate anode and cathode connections for first light emitting device and the second light emitting device. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein forming the at least one isolation region comprises etching the n-type layer, the active layer, the p-type layer, and at least a portion of the substrate. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein forming the at least one isolation region comprises sawing the n-type layer, the active layer, the p-type layer, and at least a portion of the substrate. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein forming the at least one isolation region comprises ion implanting the n-type layer, the active layer, the p-type layer, and at least a portion of the substrate. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one isolation region comprises a trench. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising filling the trench with an insulating material. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the insulating material comprises at least one of an oxide and a nitride. 21. The method of claim 14, further comprising flip-chip mounting the multiple LED chip such that the separate anode and cathode connections are mounted to another surface. | 2,800 |
346,535 | 16,804,964 | 2,853 | A method of generating a player prediction is disclosed herein. A computing system retrieves data from a data store. The computing system generates a predictive model using an artificial neural network. The artificial neural network generates one or more personalized embeddings that include player-specific information based on historical performance. The computing system selects, from the data, one or more features related to each shot attempt captured in the data. The artificial neural network learns an outcome of each shot attempt based at least on the one or more personalized embeddings and the one or more features related to each shot attempt. | 1. A method of generating a player prediction, comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, data from a data store, the data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons; generating, by the computing system, a predictive model using an artificial neural network, by:
generating, by the artificial neural network, one or more personalized embeddings comprising player-specific information based on historical performance;
selecting, from the data, one or more features related to each scoring event attempt captured in the data; and
learning, by the artificial neural network, an outcome of each scoring event attempt based at least on the one or more personalized embeddings and the one or more features related to each scoring event attempt;
receiving, by the computing system, a set of data directed to a target scoring event attempt, the set of data comprising at least the player involved in the target scoring event attempt and one or more features related to the target scoring event attempt; and generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, a likely outcome of the scoring event attempt based on personalized embeddings of the player involved in the target scoring event attempt and the one or more features related to the target scoring event attempt. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting, from the data, the one or more features related to each scoring event attempt captured in the data, comprises:
for each scoring event attempt, identifying at least one or more of scoring event start location information, player location, and one or more geometric features of the scoring event attempt. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more geometric features of the scoring event attempt comprises at least one or more of an angle between a striker and a goalkeeper, a first distance from the striker to the center of a goal, and a second distance from the goalkeeper to the center of the goal. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
for each shot attempt, identifying body pose information related to a striker of the shot attempt. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a set of scoring event attempts over a first duration; simulating, by the computing system, a number of scoring event attempts an average player would concede based on one or more parameters associated with the set of scoring event attempts; identifying, by the computing system, a set of players, each player comprising one or more personalized embeddings; for each player in the set of goalkeepers, simulating a number of scoring event attempts the player would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the set of scoring event attempts and a respective set of the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation ranking each player of the set of players based on expected scoring events conceded compared to the average player. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a first player and one or more scoring event attempts defended by the first player over a first duration; generating, by the computing system, a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more scoring event attempts defended by the first player over the first duration; identifying, by the computing system, a second player, wherein the second player is associated with one or more personalized embeddings; simulating, by the computing system, a number of goals the second player would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more scoring event attempts defended by the first player and the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the second player would concede compared to a number of goals the first player conceded. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a player and one or more scoring event attempts defended by the player over a first duration; generating, by the computing system, a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more scoring event attempts defended by the player over the first duration; identifying, by the computing system, one or more embeddings associated with the player, wherein the one or more personalized embeddings correspond to attributes of the player over a second duration; simulating, by the computing system, a number of goals the player would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more scoring event attempts defended by the player and the one or more personalized embeddings corresponding to the attributes of the player over the second duration; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the player would concede based on the attributes over the second duration compared to a number of goals the player conceded in the first duration. 8. A system for generating a player prediction, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having programming instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, performs one or more operations, comprising:
retrieving data from a data store, the data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons;
generating a predictive model using an artificial neural network, by:
generating, by the artificial neural network, one or more personalized embeddings comprising goalkeeper-specific information based on historical performance;
selecting, from the data, one or more features related to each shot attempt captured in the data; and
learning, by the artificial neural network, an outcome of each shot attempt based at least on the one or more personalized embeddings and the one or more features related to each shot attempt;
receiving a set of data directed to a target shot attempt, the set of data comprising at least the goalkeeper involved in the target shot attempt and one or more features related to the target shot attempt; and
generating, via the predictive model, a likely outcome of the shot attempt based on personalized embeddings of the goalkeeper involved in the target shot attempt and the one or more features related to the target shot attempt. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein selecting, from the data, the one or more features related to each shot attempt captured in the data, comprises:
for each shot attempt, identifying at least one or more of shot start location information, goalkeeper location, and one or more geometric features of the shot attempt. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the one or more geometric features of the shot attempt comprises at least one or more of an angle between a striker and the goalkeeper, a first distance from the striker to the center of a goal, and a second distance from the goalkeeper to the center of the goal. 11. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
for each shot attempt, identifying body pose information related to a striker of the shot attempt. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
identifying a set of shot attempts over a first duration; simulating a number of goals an average goalkeeper would concede based on one or more parameters associated with the set of goals; identifying a set of goalkeepers, each goalkeeper comprising one or more personalized embeddings; for each goalkeeper in the set of goalkeepers, simulating a number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the set of goals and a respective set of the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating a graphical representation ranking each goalkeeper of the set of goalkeepers based on expected saves compared to the average goalkeeper. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
identifying a first goalkeeper and one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper over a first duration; generating a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper over the first duration; identifying a second goalkeeper, wherein the second goalkeeper is associated with one or more personalized embeddings; simulating a number of goals the second goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper and the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the second goalkeeper would concede compared to a number of goals the first goalkeeper conceded. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
identifying a goalkeeper and one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper over a first duration; generating a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper over the first duration; identifying one or more embeddings associated with the goalkeeper, wherein the one or more personalized embeddings correspond to attributes of the goalkeeper over a second duration; simulating a number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper and the one or more personalized embeddings corresponding to the attributes of the goalkeeper over the second duration; and generating a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the attributes over the second duration compared to a number of goals the goalkeeper conceded in the first duration. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes:
retrieving, by a computing system, data from a data store, the data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons; generating, by the computing system, a predictive model using an artificial neural network, by:
generating, by the artificial neural network, one or more personalized embeddings comprising goalkeeper-specific information based on historical performance;
selecting, from the data, one or more features related to each shot attempt captured in the data; and
learning, by the artificial neural network, an outcome of each shot attempt based at least on the one or more personalized embeddings and the one or more features related to each shot attempt;
receiving, by the computing system, a set of data directed to a target shot attempt, the set of data comprising at least the goalkeeper involved in the target shot attempt and one or more features related to the target shot attempt; and generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, a likely outcome of the shot attempt based on personalized embeddings of the goalkeeper involved in the target shot attempt and the one or more features related to the target shot attempt. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein selecting, from the data, the one or more features related to each shot attempt captured in the data, comprises:
for each shot attempt, identifying at least one or more of shot start location information, goalkeeper location, and one or more geometric features of the shot attempt. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the one or more geometric features of the shot attempt comprises at least one or more of an angle between a striker and the goalkeeper, a first distance from the striker to the center of a goal, and a second distance from the goalkeeper to the center of the goal. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a set of shot attempts over a first duration; simulating, by the computing system, a number of goals an average goalkeeper would concede based on one or more parameters associated with the set of goals; identifying, by the computing system, a set of goalkeepers, each goalkeeper comprising one or more personalized embeddings; for each goalkeeper in the set of goalkeepers, simulating a number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the set of goals and a respective set of the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation ranking each goalkeeper of the set of goalkeepers based on expected saves compared to the average goalkeeper. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a first goalkeeper and one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper over a first duration; generating, by the computing system, a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper over the first duration; identifying, by the computing system, a second goalkeeper, wherein the second goalkeeper is associated with one or more personalized embeddings; simulating, by the computing system, a number of goals the second goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper and the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the second goalkeeper would concede compared to a number of goals the first goalkeeper conceded. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a goalkeeper and one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper over a first duration; generating, by the computing system, a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper over the first duration; identifying, by the computing system, one or more embeddings associated with the goalkeeper, wherein the one or more personalized embeddings correspond to attributes of the goalkeeper over a second duration; simulating, by the computing system, a number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper and the one or more personalized embeddings corresponding to the attributes of the goalkeeper over the second duration; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the attributes over the second duration compared to a number of goals the goalkeeper conceded in the first duration. | A method of generating a player prediction is disclosed herein. A computing system retrieves data from a data store. The computing system generates a predictive model using an artificial neural network. The artificial neural network generates one or more personalized embeddings that include player-specific information based on historical performance. The computing system selects, from the data, one or more features related to each shot attempt captured in the data. The artificial neural network learns an outcome of each shot attempt based at least on the one or more personalized embeddings and the one or more features related to each shot attempt.1. A method of generating a player prediction, comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, data from a data store, the data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons; generating, by the computing system, a predictive model using an artificial neural network, by:
generating, by the artificial neural network, one or more personalized embeddings comprising player-specific information based on historical performance;
selecting, from the data, one or more features related to each scoring event attempt captured in the data; and
learning, by the artificial neural network, an outcome of each scoring event attempt based at least on the one or more personalized embeddings and the one or more features related to each scoring event attempt;
receiving, by the computing system, a set of data directed to a target scoring event attempt, the set of data comprising at least the player involved in the target scoring event attempt and one or more features related to the target scoring event attempt; and generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, a likely outcome of the scoring event attempt based on personalized embeddings of the player involved in the target scoring event attempt and the one or more features related to the target scoring event attempt. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting, from the data, the one or more features related to each scoring event attempt captured in the data, comprises:
for each scoring event attempt, identifying at least one or more of scoring event start location information, player location, and one or more geometric features of the scoring event attempt. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more geometric features of the scoring event attempt comprises at least one or more of an angle between a striker and a goalkeeper, a first distance from the striker to the center of a goal, and a second distance from the goalkeeper to the center of the goal. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
for each shot attempt, identifying body pose information related to a striker of the shot attempt. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a set of scoring event attempts over a first duration; simulating, by the computing system, a number of scoring event attempts an average player would concede based on one or more parameters associated with the set of scoring event attempts; identifying, by the computing system, a set of players, each player comprising one or more personalized embeddings; for each player in the set of goalkeepers, simulating a number of scoring event attempts the player would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the set of scoring event attempts and a respective set of the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation ranking each player of the set of players based on expected scoring events conceded compared to the average player. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a first player and one or more scoring event attempts defended by the first player over a first duration; generating, by the computing system, a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more scoring event attempts defended by the first player over the first duration; identifying, by the computing system, a second player, wherein the second player is associated with one or more personalized embeddings; simulating, by the computing system, a number of goals the second player would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more scoring event attempts defended by the first player and the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the second player would concede compared to a number of goals the first player conceded. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a player and one or more scoring event attempts defended by the player over a first duration; generating, by the computing system, a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more scoring event attempts defended by the player over the first duration; identifying, by the computing system, one or more embeddings associated with the player, wherein the one or more personalized embeddings correspond to attributes of the player over a second duration; simulating, by the computing system, a number of goals the player would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more scoring event attempts defended by the player and the one or more personalized embeddings corresponding to the attributes of the player over the second duration; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the player would concede based on the attributes over the second duration compared to a number of goals the player conceded in the first duration. 8. A system for generating a player prediction, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having programming instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, performs one or more operations, comprising:
retrieving data from a data store, the data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons;
generating a predictive model using an artificial neural network, by:
generating, by the artificial neural network, one or more personalized embeddings comprising goalkeeper-specific information based on historical performance;
selecting, from the data, one or more features related to each shot attempt captured in the data; and
learning, by the artificial neural network, an outcome of each shot attempt based at least on the one or more personalized embeddings and the one or more features related to each shot attempt;
receiving a set of data directed to a target shot attempt, the set of data comprising at least the goalkeeper involved in the target shot attempt and one or more features related to the target shot attempt; and
generating, via the predictive model, a likely outcome of the shot attempt based on personalized embeddings of the goalkeeper involved in the target shot attempt and the one or more features related to the target shot attempt. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein selecting, from the data, the one or more features related to each shot attempt captured in the data, comprises:
for each shot attempt, identifying at least one or more of shot start location information, goalkeeper location, and one or more geometric features of the shot attempt. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the one or more geometric features of the shot attempt comprises at least one or more of an angle between a striker and the goalkeeper, a first distance from the striker to the center of a goal, and a second distance from the goalkeeper to the center of the goal. 11. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
for each shot attempt, identifying body pose information related to a striker of the shot attempt. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
identifying a set of shot attempts over a first duration; simulating a number of goals an average goalkeeper would concede based on one or more parameters associated with the set of goals; identifying a set of goalkeepers, each goalkeeper comprising one or more personalized embeddings; for each goalkeeper in the set of goalkeepers, simulating a number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the set of goals and a respective set of the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating a graphical representation ranking each goalkeeper of the set of goalkeepers based on expected saves compared to the average goalkeeper. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
identifying a first goalkeeper and one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper over a first duration; generating a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper over the first duration; identifying a second goalkeeper, wherein the second goalkeeper is associated with one or more personalized embeddings; simulating a number of goals the second goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper and the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the second goalkeeper would concede compared to a number of goals the first goalkeeper conceded. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more operations further comprise:
identifying a goalkeeper and one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper over a first duration; generating a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper over the first duration; identifying one or more embeddings associated with the goalkeeper, wherein the one or more personalized embeddings correspond to attributes of the goalkeeper over a second duration; simulating a number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper and the one or more personalized embeddings corresponding to the attributes of the goalkeeper over the second duration; and generating a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the attributes over the second duration compared to a number of goals the goalkeeper conceded in the first duration. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes:
retrieving, by a computing system, data from a data store, the data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons; generating, by the computing system, a predictive model using an artificial neural network, by:
generating, by the artificial neural network, one or more personalized embeddings comprising goalkeeper-specific information based on historical performance;
selecting, from the data, one or more features related to each shot attempt captured in the data; and
learning, by the artificial neural network, an outcome of each shot attempt based at least on the one or more personalized embeddings and the one or more features related to each shot attempt;
receiving, by the computing system, a set of data directed to a target shot attempt, the set of data comprising at least the goalkeeper involved in the target shot attempt and one or more features related to the target shot attempt; and generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, a likely outcome of the shot attempt based on personalized embeddings of the goalkeeper involved in the target shot attempt and the one or more features related to the target shot attempt. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein selecting, from the data, the one or more features related to each shot attempt captured in the data, comprises:
for each shot attempt, identifying at least one or more of shot start location information, goalkeeper location, and one or more geometric features of the shot attempt. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein the one or more geometric features of the shot attempt comprises at least one or more of an angle between a striker and the goalkeeper, a first distance from the striker to the center of a goal, and a second distance from the goalkeeper to the center of the goal. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a set of shot attempts over a first duration; simulating, by the computing system, a number of goals an average goalkeeper would concede based on one or more parameters associated with the set of goals; identifying, by the computing system, a set of goalkeepers, each goalkeeper comprising one or more personalized embeddings; for each goalkeeper in the set of goalkeepers, simulating a number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the set of goals and a respective set of the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation ranking each goalkeeper of the set of goalkeepers based on expected saves compared to the average goalkeeper. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a first goalkeeper and one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper over a first duration; generating, by the computing system, a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper over the first duration; identifying, by the computing system, a second goalkeeper, wherein the second goalkeeper is associated with one or more personalized embeddings; simulating, by the computing system, a number of goals the second goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the first goalkeeper and the one or more personalized embeddings; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the second goalkeeper would concede compared to a number of goals the first goalkeeper conceded. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, further comprising:
identifying, by the computing system, a goalkeeper and one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper over a first duration; generating, by the computing system, a data set corresponding to one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper over the first duration; identifying, by the computing system, one or more embeddings associated with the goalkeeper, wherein the one or more personalized embeddings correspond to attributes of the goalkeeper over a second duration; simulating, by the computing system, a number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the one or more parameters associated with the one or more shots defended by the goalkeeper and the one or more personalized embeddings corresponding to the attributes of the goalkeeper over the second duration; and generating, by the computing system, a graphical representation comparing the number of goals the goalkeeper would concede based on the attributes over the second duration compared to a number of goals the goalkeeper conceded in the first duration. | 2,800 |
346,536 | 16,804,983 | 2,853 | Device assisted services (DAS) install techniques are provided in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques for providing service processors for mobile devices are provided. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques for downloading/installing new and/or updated service processors for mobile devices are provided. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques for providing verified service processors for mobile devices are provided. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques for providing secured service processors for mobile devices are provided. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques include determining if a communications device in communication with a wireless network includes a service processor for assisting control of the communications device use of a service on the wireless network, in which the service processor includes a service profile that includes a plurality of service policy settings, and in which the service profile is associated with a service plan that provides for access to the service; and verifying the service processor. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques include providing a generic first version service processor for downloading and installing a second version service processor. | 1. A system, comprising:
a processor of a network device configured to:
determine if a communications device in communication with a wireless network includes a service processor for assisting control of the communications device use of a service on the wireless network, wherein the service processor includes a service profile that includes a plurality of service policy settings, and wherein the service profile is associated with a service plan that provides for access to the service; and
verify the service processor; and
a memory of the network device coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions. | Device assisted services (DAS) install techniques are provided in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques for providing service processors for mobile devices are provided. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques for downloading/installing new and/or updated service processors for mobile devices are provided. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques for providing verified service processors for mobile devices are provided. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques for providing secured service processors for mobile devices are provided. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques include determining if a communications device in communication with a wireless network includes a service processor for assisting control of the communications device use of a service on the wireless network, in which the service processor includes a service profile that includes a plurality of service policy settings, and in which the service profile is associated with a service plan that provides for access to the service; and verifying the service processor. In some embodiments, DAS install techniques include providing a generic first version service processor for downloading and installing a second version service processor.1. A system, comprising:
a processor of a network device configured to:
determine if a communications device in communication with a wireless network includes a service processor for assisting control of the communications device use of a service on the wireless network, wherein the service processor includes a service profile that includes a plurality of service policy settings, and wherein the service profile is associated with a service plan that provides for access to the service; and
verify the service processor; and
a memory of the network device coupled to the processor and configured to provide the processor with instructions. | 2,800 |
346,537 | 16,805,004 | 2,852 | A wastewater monitoring system uses a digital camera in a fixed location in a wastewater pipe. The digital camera is coupled to a binary sensor that provides a binary trip signal that indicates when the sensor detects wastewater in the pipe exceeding a defined threshold. When the digital camera detects a trip signal from the binary sensor, operating logic in the digital camera changes frequency for taking pictures. The digital camera preferably adds visible data to a stored digital photograph file that may include any or all of the following: camera serial number, state of sensor(s), temperature, battery level in the digital camera, and battery level in the sensor(s). The visible data is stored in the digital photograph file such that the visible information is overlaid on the digital photograph so it is visible to the eye of the person viewing the digital photograph. | 1. A digital camera comprising:
an image sensor for taking a digital photograph and storing the digital photograph in a corresponding digital photograph file in a memory; a sensor interface coupled to a sensor that provides a binary trip signal to the sensor interface when the sensor detects a predetermined condition; and operational logic that defines a first frequency for the digital camera to take photographs and a second frequency for the digital camera to take photographs that is greater than the first frequency for the digital camera to take photographs, wherein the operational logic monitors the sensor interface, and when the binary trip signal is not detected on the sensor interface, the operational logic causes the digital camera to take a plurality of photographs at the first frequency, and when the binary trip signal is detected on the sensor interface, the operational logic causes the digital camera to take a plurality of photographs at the second frequency. 2. The digital camera of claim 1 wherein the sensor comprises a level sensor that provides the binary trip signal when a level detected by the level sensor exceeds a predetermined threshold. 3. The digital camera of claim 2 wherein the level sensor detects level of water in a wastewater pipe. 4. The digital camera of claim 1 further comprising a temperature sensor that provides a temperature, wherein the operational logic, after storing the digital photograph file in the memory, adds the temperature received from the temperature sensor as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 5. The digital camera of claim 1 further comprising a battery that provides power to the digital camera and a battery sensor that detects a level of the battery, wherein the operational logic, after storing the digital photograph file in the memory, adds the level of the battery received from the battery sensor as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 6. A digital camera comprising:
an image sensor for taking a digital photograph and storing the digital photograph in a corresponding digital photograph file in a memory; a battery that powers the digital camera; a battery sensor coupled to the battery that determines a level of charge of the battery; and operational logic that takes the digital photograph using the image sensor and adds visible information corresponding to the level of charge of the battery on the digital photograph by adding the visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 7. The digital camera of claim 6 further comprising a temperature sensor that provides a temperature, wherein the operational logic adds the temperature received from the temperature sensor as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 8. The digital camera of claim 7 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of the digital camera. 9. The digital camera of claim 7 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of an environment external to the digital camera. 10. The digital camera of claim 6 wherein the operational logic adds visible information corresponding to a serial number of the digital camera as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 11. A digital camera comprising:
an image sensor for taking a digital photograph and storing the digital photograph in a corresponding digital photograph file in a memory; and operational logic that takes the digital photograph using the image sensor and adds visible information corresponding to a serial number of the digital camera on the digital photograph by adding the visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 12. The digital camera of claim 11 further comprising a temperature sensor that provides a temperature, wherein the operational logic adds the temperature received from the temperature sensor as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 13. The digital camera of claim 12 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of the digital camera. 14. The digital camera of claim 12 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of an environment external to the digital camera. 15. The digital camera of claim 11 further comprising a battery that provides power to the digital camera and a battery sensor that detects a level of the battery, wherein the operational logic adds the level of the battery received from the battery sensor as visible information to the digital photograph in the memory. 16. A method for modifying a photograph comprising:
taking a digital photograph with a digital camera; storing the digital photograph in a corresponding digital photograph file in a memory in the digital camera; and adding visible information corresponding to a serial number of the digital camera on the digital photograph by adding the visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory in the digital camera. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising adding a temperature received from a temperature sensor as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory in the digital camera. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of the digital camera. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of an environment external to the digital camera. 20. The method of claim 16 further comprising adding level of a battery that powers the digital camera as visible information to the digital photograph in the memory in the digital camera. | A wastewater monitoring system uses a digital camera in a fixed location in a wastewater pipe. The digital camera is coupled to a binary sensor that provides a binary trip signal that indicates when the sensor detects wastewater in the pipe exceeding a defined threshold. When the digital camera detects a trip signal from the binary sensor, operating logic in the digital camera changes frequency for taking pictures. The digital camera preferably adds visible data to a stored digital photograph file that may include any or all of the following: camera serial number, state of sensor(s), temperature, battery level in the digital camera, and battery level in the sensor(s). The visible data is stored in the digital photograph file such that the visible information is overlaid on the digital photograph so it is visible to the eye of the person viewing the digital photograph.1. A digital camera comprising:
an image sensor for taking a digital photograph and storing the digital photograph in a corresponding digital photograph file in a memory; a sensor interface coupled to a sensor that provides a binary trip signal to the sensor interface when the sensor detects a predetermined condition; and operational logic that defines a first frequency for the digital camera to take photographs and a second frequency for the digital camera to take photographs that is greater than the first frequency for the digital camera to take photographs, wherein the operational logic monitors the sensor interface, and when the binary trip signal is not detected on the sensor interface, the operational logic causes the digital camera to take a plurality of photographs at the first frequency, and when the binary trip signal is detected on the sensor interface, the operational logic causes the digital camera to take a plurality of photographs at the second frequency. 2. The digital camera of claim 1 wherein the sensor comprises a level sensor that provides the binary trip signal when a level detected by the level sensor exceeds a predetermined threshold. 3. The digital camera of claim 2 wherein the level sensor detects level of water in a wastewater pipe. 4. The digital camera of claim 1 further comprising a temperature sensor that provides a temperature, wherein the operational logic, after storing the digital photograph file in the memory, adds the temperature received from the temperature sensor as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 5. The digital camera of claim 1 further comprising a battery that provides power to the digital camera and a battery sensor that detects a level of the battery, wherein the operational logic, after storing the digital photograph file in the memory, adds the level of the battery received from the battery sensor as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 6. A digital camera comprising:
an image sensor for taking a digital photograph and storing the digital photograph in a corresponding digital photograph file in a memory; a battery that powers the digital camera; a battery sensor coupled to the battery that determines a level of charge of the battery; and operational logic that takes the digital photograph using the image sensor and adds visible information corresponding to the level of charge of the battery on the digital photograph by adding the visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 7. The digital camera of claim 6 further comprising a temperature sensor that provides a temperature, wherein the operational logic adds the temperature received from the temperature sensor as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 8. The digital camera of claim 7 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of the digital camera. 9. The digital camera of claim 7 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of an environment external to the digital camera. 10. The digital camera of claim 6 wherein the operational logic adds visible information corresponding to a serial number of the digital camera as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 11. A digital camera comprising:
an image sensor for taking a digital photograph and storing the digital photograph in a corresponding digital photograph file in a memory; and operational logic that takes the digital photograph using the image sensor and adds visible information corresponding to a serial number of the digital camera on the digital photograph by adding the visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 12. The digital camera of claim 11 further comprising a temperature sensor that provides a temperature, wherein the operational logic adds the temperature received from the temperature sensor as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory. 13. The digital camera of claim 12 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of the digital camera. 14. The digital camera of claim 12 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of an environment external to the digital camera. 15. The digital camera of claim 11 further comprising a battery that provides power to the digital camera and a battery sensor that detects a level of the battery, wherein the operational logic adds the level of the battery received from the battery sensor as visible information to the digital photograph in the memory. 16. A method for modifying a photograph comprising:
taking a digital photograph with a digital camera; storing the digital photograph in a corresponding digital photograph file in a memory in the digital camera; and adding visible information corresponding to a serial number of the digital camera on the digital photograph by adding the visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory in the digital camera. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising adding a temperature received from a temperature sensor as visible information to the digital photograph file in the memory in the digital camera. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of the digital camera. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the temperature comprises temperature of an environment external to the digital camera. 20. The method of claim 16 further comprising adding level of a battery that powers the digital camera as visible information to the digital photograph in the memory in the digital camera. | 2,800 |
346,538 | 16,804,971 | 2,852 | Wireless communications systems and methods related to signaling transmission starting offsets for uplink transmissions in a frequency spectrum shared by multiple network operating entities are provided. A first wireless communication device communicates, with a second wireless communication device, a cyclic prefix (CP) extension length configuration for providing a gap duration for a listen-before-talk (LBT) associated with a first communication signal. The first wireless communication device communicates, with the second wireless communication device, the first communication signal including a CP extension having a length based on the CP extension length configuration. | 1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
communicating, by a first wireless communication device with a second wireless communication device, a cyclic prefix (CP) extension length configuration for providing a gap duration for a listen-before-talk (LBT) associated with a first communication signal; and communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, the first communication signal including a CP extension having a length based on the CP extension length configuration. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication signal includes one or more symbols, and wherein a beginning symbol of the one or more symbols is prepended with the CP extension. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the communicating the first communication signal includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, the one or more symbols in an uplink direction based on a first symbol boundary. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration of 25 microseconds (μs). 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with a third wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in an uplink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration and a timing advance, and wherein the gap duration is 16 microseconds (μs) or 25 μs. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with a third wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in a downlink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the CP extension length configuration indicates whether the CP extension is configured to provide the gap duration for no LBT or a category two LBT. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the length for the CP extension is based on at least one of a symbol duration or the gap duration. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the CP extension length configuration indicates the length of the CP extension corresponds to at least one of:
a symbol duration subtracted by a 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration; the symbol duration subtracted by the 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration and a timing advance; or the symbol duration subtracted by a 16 μs gap duration and the timing advance. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicating the CP extension length configuration includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, a downlink control information (DCI) message including the CP extension length configuration. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the communicating the first communication signal includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal in response to the DCI message. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the communicating the first communication signal includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal in response to the DCI message and a downlink communication signal associated with the DCI message. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicating the CP extension length configuration includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, a semi-static configuration indicating a set of CP extension lengths for communicating the first communication signal. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the first wireless communication device from the second wireless communication device, a plurality of scheduling grants for communications in consecutive periods, each scheduling grant of the plurality of scheduling grants including a CP extension length configuration; determining, by the first wireless communication device, whether to include a CP extension in a third communication signal based on a signal detection in a first period of the consecutive periods; and transmitting, by the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the third communication signal during a second period of the consecutive periods, the second period adjacent to the first period. 16. An apparatus comprising:
a transceiver configured to:
communicate, with a first wireless communication device, a cyclic prefix (CP) extension length configuration for providing a gap duration for a listen-before-talk (LBT) associated with a first communication signal; and
communicate, with the first wireless communication device, the first communication signal including a CP extension having a length based on the CP extension length configuration. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transceiver configured to communicate the first communication signal is further configured to:
communicate, with the first wireless communication device, the first communication signal including one or more symbols in an uplink direction based on a first symbol boundary, wherein a beginning symbol of the one or more symbols is prepended with the CP extension. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration of 25 microseconds (μs), and wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
communicate, with a second wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in an uplink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration and a timing advance, wherein the gap duration is 16 microseconds (μs) or 25 μs, and wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
communicate, with a second wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in a downlink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the CP extension length configuration indicates whether the CP extension is configured to provide the gap duration for no LBT or a category two LBT. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the length for the CP extension is based on at least one of a symbol duration or the gap duration. 22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transceiver configured to communicate the CP extension length configuration is further configured to:
communicate, with the first wireless communication device, a scheduling grant for communicating the first communication signal, a downlink control information (DCI) message including the CP extension length configuration indicating that the length of the CP extension corresponds to at least one of: a symbol duration subtracted by a 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration; the symbol duration subtracted by the 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration and a timing advance; or the symbol duration subtracted by a 16 μs gap duration and the timing advance. 23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transceiver configured to communicate the CP extension length configuration is further configured to:
communicate, with the first wireless communication device, a semi-static configuration indicating a set of CP extension lengths for communicating the first communication signal. 24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein:
the transceiver is further configured to:
receive, from the first wireless communication device, a plurality of scheduling grants for communications in consecutive periods, each scheduling grant of the plurality of scheduling grants including a CP extension length configuration; and
transmit, to the first wireless communication device, a third communication signal during a first period of the consecutive periods, and
the apparatus further comprises:
a processor configured to determine whether to include a CP extension in the third communication signal based on a signal detection in a second period of the consecutive periods, the second period adjacent to the first period. 25. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, the program code comprising:
code for causing a first wireless communication device to communicate, with a second wireless communication device, a cyclic prefix (CP) extension length configuration for providing a gap duration for a listen-before-talk (LBT) associated with a first communication signal; and code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with the second wireless communication device, the first communication signal including a CP extension having a length based on the CP extension length configuration. 26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration of 25 microseconds (μs), and wherein the program code further comprises:
code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with a third wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in an uplink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration and a timing advance, wherein the gap duration is 16 microseconds (μs) or 25 μs, and wherein the program code further comprises:
code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with a third wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in a downlink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate the CP extension length configuration is further configured to:
communicate, with the second wireless communication device, a scheduling grant for communicating the first communication signal, a downlink control information (DCI) message including the CP extension length configuration indicating that the length of the CP extension corresponds to at least one of: a symbol duration subtracted by a 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration; the symbol duration subtracted by the 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration and a timing advance; or the symbol duration subtracted by a 16 μs gap duration and the timing advance. 29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate the CP extension length configuration is further configured to:
communicate, with the second wireless communication device, a semi-static configuration indicating a set of CP extension lengths for communicating the first communication signal. 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, further comprising:
code for causing the first wireless communication device to receive, from the second wireless communication device, a plurality of scheduling grants for communications in consecutive periods, each scheduling grant of the plurality of scheduling grants including a CP extension length configuration; code for causing the first wireless communication device to determine whether to include a CP extension in a third communication signal based on a signal detection in a first period of the consecutive periods; and code for causing the first wireless communication device to transmit, to the second wireless communication device, the third communication signal during a second period of the consecutive periods, the second period adjacent to the first period. | Wireless communications systems and methods related to signaling transmission starting offsets for uplink transmissions in a frequency spectrum shared by multiple network operating entities are provided. A first wireless communication device communicates, with a second wireless communication device, a cyclic prefix (CP) extension length configuration for providing a gap duration for a listen-before-talk (LBT) associated with a first communication signal. The first wireless communication device communicates, with the second wireless communication device, the first communication signal including a CP extension having a length based on the CP extension length configuration.1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
communicating, by a first wireless communication device with a second wireless communication device, a cyclic prefix (CP) extension length configuration for providing a gap duration for a listen-before-talk (LBT) associated with a first communication signal; and communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, the first communication signal including a CP extension having a length based on the CP extension length configuration. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first communication signal includes one or more symbols, and wherein a beginning symbol of the one or more symbols is prepended with the CP extension. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the communicating the first communication signal includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, the one or more symbols in an uplink direction based on a first symbol boundary. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration of 25 microseconds (μs). 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with a third wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in an uplink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration and a timing advance, and wherein the gap duration is 16 microseconds (μs) or 25 μs. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with a third wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in a downlink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the CP extension length configuration indicates whether the CP extension is configured to provide the gap duration for no LBT or a category two LBT. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the length for the CP extension is based on at least one of a symbol duration or the gap duration. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the CP extension length configuration indicates the length of the CP extension corresponds to at least one of:
a symbol duration subtracted by a 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration; the symbol duration subtracted by the 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration and a timing advance; or the symbol duration subtracted by a 16 μs gap duration and the timing advance. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicating the CP extension length configuration includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, a downlink control information (DCI) message including the CP extension length configuration. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the communicating the first communication signal includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) signal in response to the DCI message. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the communicating the first communication signal includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) signal in response to the DCI message and a downlink communication signal associated with the DCI message. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicating the CP extension length configuration includes:
communicating, by the first wireless communication device with the second wireless communication device, a semi-static configuration indicating a set of CP extension lengths for communicating the first communication signal. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the first wireless communication device from the second wireless communication device, a plurality of scheduling grants for communications in consecutive periods, each scheduling grant of the plurality of scheduling grants including a CP extension length configuration; determining, by the first wireless communication device, whether to include a CP extension in a third communication signal based on a signal detection in a first period of the consecutive periods; and transmitting, by the first wireless communication device to the second wireless communication device, the third communication signal during a second period of the consecutive periods, the second period adjacent to the first period. 16. An apparatus comprising:
a transceiver configured to:
communicate, with a first wireless communication device, a cyclic prefix (CP) extension length configuration for providing a gap duration for a listen-before-talk (LBT) associated with a first communication signal; and
communicate, with the first wireless communication device, the first communication signal including a CP extension having a length based on the CP extension length configuration. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transceiver configured to communicate the first communication signal is further configured to:
communicate, with the first wireless communication device, the first communication signal including one or more symbols in an uplink direction based on a first symbol boundary, wherein a beginning symbol of the one or more symbols is prepended with the CP extension. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration of 25 microseconds (μs), and wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
communicate, with a second wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in an uplink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration and a timing advance, wherein the gap duration is 16 microseconds (μs) or 25 μs, and wherein the transceiver is further configured to:
communicate, with a second wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in a downlink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 20. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the CP extension length configuration indicates whether the CP extension is configured to provide the gap duration for no LBT or a category two LBT. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the length for the CP extension is based on at least one of a symbol duration or the gap duration. 22. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transceiver configured to communicate the CP extension length configuration is further configured to:
communicate, with the first wireless communication device, a scheduling grant for communicating the first communication signal, a downlink control information (DCI) message including the CP extension length configuration indicating that the length of the CP extension corresponds to at least one of: a symbol duration subtracted by a 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration; the symbol duration subtracted by the 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration and a timing advance; or the symbol duration subtracted by a 16 μs gap duration and the timing advance. 23. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transceiver configured to communicate the CP extension length configuration is further configured to:
communicate, with the first wireless communication device, a semi-static configuration indicating a set of CP extension lengths for communicating the first communication signal. 24. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein:
the transceiver is further configured to:
receive, from the first wireless communication device, a plurality of scheduling grants for communications in consecutive periods, each scheduling grant of the plurality of scheduling grants including a CP extension length configuration; and
transmit, to the first wireless communication device, a third communication signal during a first period of the consecutive periods, and
the apparatus further comprises:
a processor configured to determine whether to include a CP extension in the third communication signal based on a signal detection in a second period of the consecutive periods, the second period adjacent to the first period. 25. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon, the program code comprising:
code for causing a first wireless communication device to communicate, with a second wireless communication device, a cyclic prefix (CP) extension length configuration for providing a gap duration for a listen-before-talk (LBT) associated with a first communication signal; and code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with the second wireless communication device, the first communication signal including a CP extension having a length based on the CP extension length configuration. 26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration of 25 microseconds (μs), and wherein the program code further comprises:
code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with a third wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in an uplink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 27. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the CP extension length configuration further indicates that the length of the CP extension corresponds to a symbol duration subtracted by the gap duration and a timing advance, wherein the gap duration is 16 microseconds (μs) or 25 μs, and wherein the program code further comprises:
code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate, with a third wireless communication device before the first communication signal, a second communication signal in a downlink direction, the first communication signal and the second communication signal spaced apart by the gap duration. 28. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate the CP extension length configuration is further configured to:
communicate, with the second wireless communication device, a scheduling grant for communicating the first communication signal, a downlink control information (DCI) message including the CP extension length configuration indicating that the length of the CP extension corresponds to at least one of: a symbol duration subtracted by a 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration; the symbol duration subtracted by the 25 microseconds (μs) gap duration and a timing advance; or the symbol duration subtracted by a 16 μs gap duration and the timing advance. 29. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, wherein the code for causing the first wireless communication device to communicate the CP extension length configuration is further configured to:
communicate, with the second wireless communication device, a semi-static configuration indicating a set of CP extension lengths for communicating the first communication signal. 30. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 25, further comprising:
code for causing the first wireless communication device to receive, from the second wireless communication device, a plurality of scheduling grants for communications in consecutive periods, each scheduling grant of the plurality of scheduling grants including a CP extension length configuration; code for causing the first wireless communication device to determine whether to include a CP extension in a third communication signal based on a signal detection in a first period of the consecutive periods; and code for causing the first wireless communication device to transmit, to the second wireless communication device, the third communication signal during a second period of the consecutive periods, the second period adjacent to the first period. | 2,800 |
346,539 | 16,804,989 | 2,852 | A method for anonymizing user identifiable information to be transmitted outside of a local network includes generating a network entity hash input based on (i) a first MAC address assigned to a client station of the local network, (ii) a second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) an identifier of a cloud entity of an external network to which data of the client station is to be transmitted. The method further includes generating a hash value output based on the network entity hash input and a random token value using a hashing function, generating an anonymized MAC address associated with the client station based on the hash value output, and transmitting the anonymized MAC address associated with the client station to the cloud entity of the external network. | 1. A method for anonymizing user identifiable information to be transmitted outside of a local network, the method comprising:
generating a first network entity hash input based on (i) a first MAC address assigned to a client station of the local network, (ii) a second MAC address assigned to a network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) a first identifier of a first cloud entity of a first external network to which data of the client station is to be transmitted; generating a first hash value output based on the first network entity hash input and a random token value using a hashing function; generating a first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station based on the first hash value output; and transmitting the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station to the first cloud entity of the first external network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
generating the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station includes generating the first anonymized MAC address based on the first hash value output according to an offset select function, and applying the offset select function includes using a first offset value as an index into the first hash value output indicating a location of data within the first hash value output to be utilized as a base of the first anonymized MAC address. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating N additional network entity hash inputs based on (i) the first MAC address assigned to the client station of the local network, (ii) the second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) N additional identifiers of N additional cloud entities of N additional external networks; generating N additional hash value outputs based on the N additional network entity hash inputs and the random token value using the hashing function, respectively; generating N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station based on the N additional hash value outputs, respectively; and transmitting the N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station to the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively, where N is a value corresponding to a total number of additional cloud entities of additional external networks to which data of the client station is to be transmitted. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first identifier of the first cloud entity and each of the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different from each other, such that the first anonymized MAC address and each of the N additional anonymized MAC addresses are different from each other. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the first cloud entity and the N additional cloud entities are upper layer network functions or network servers, and the first identifier of the first cloud entity and the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different URL addresses or unique names. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein, in response to the client station leaving the local network and rejoining the local network, the method further comprising:
regenerating the same first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station for the first cloud entity of the first external network; and regenerating the same N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station for the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively. 7. A network gateway device for anonymizing user identifiable information to be transmitted outside of a local network, the network gateway device comprising:
a memory storing computer-readable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to,
generate a first network entity hash input based on (i) a first MAC address assigned to a client station of the local network, (ii) a second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) a first identifier of a first cloud entity of a first external network to which data of the client station is to be transmitted;
generate a first hash value output based on the first network entity hash input and a random token value using a hashing function;
generate a first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station based on the first hash value output; and
transmit the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station to the first cloud entity of the first external network. 8. The network gateway device of claim 7, wherein:
generating the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station includes generating the first anonymized MAC address based on the first hash value output according to an offset select function, and applying the offset select function includes using a first offset value as an index into the first hash value output indicating a location of data within the first hash value output to be utilized as a base of the first anonymized MAC address. 9. The network gateway device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to:
generate N additional network entity hash inputs based on (i) the first MAC address assigned to the client station of the local network, (ii) the second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) N additional identifiers of N additional cloud entities of N additional external networks; generate N additional hash value outputs based on the N additional network entity hash inputs and the random token value using the hashing function, respectively; generate N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station based on the N additional hash value outputs, respectively; and transmit the N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station to the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively, where N is a value corresponding to a total number of additional cloud entities of additional external networks to which data of the client station is to be transmitted. 10. The network gateway device of claim 9, wherein the first identifier of the first cloud entity and each of the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different from each other, such that the first anonymized MAC address and each of the N additional anonymized MAC addresses are different from each other. 11. The network gateway device of claim 9, wherein:
the first cloud entity and the N additional cloud entities are upper layer network functions or network servers, the first identifier of the first cloud entity and the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different URL addresses or unique names. 12. The network gateway device of claim 9, wherein, in response to the client station leaving the local network and rejoining the local network, the processor is further configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to:
regenerate the same first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station for the first cloud entity of the first external network; and regenerate the same N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station for the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing program instructions for anonymizing user identifiable information to be transmitted outside of a local network, which when executed by a processor of a network gateway device, cause the network gateway device to:
generate a first network entity hash input based on (i) a first MAC address assigned to a client station of the local network, (ii) a second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) a first identifier of a first cloud entity of a first external network to which data of the client station is to be transmitted; generate a first hash value output based on the first network entity hash input and a random token value using a hashing function; generate a first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station based on the first hash value output; and transmit the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station to the first cloud entity of the first external network. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
generating the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station includes generating the first anonymized MAC address based on the first hash value output according to an offset select function, and applying the offset select function includes using a first offset value as an index into the first hash value output indicating a location of data within the first hash value output to be utilized as a base of the first anonymized MAC address. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the program instructions when executed by the processor further cause the network gateway device to:
generate N additional network entity hash inputs based on (i) the first MAC address assigned to the client station of the local network, (ii) the second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) N additional identifiers of N additional cloud entities of N additional external networks; generate N additional hash value outputs based on the N additional network entity hash inputs and the random token value using the hashing function, respectively; generate N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station based on the N additional hash value outputs, respectively; and transmit the N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station to the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively, where N is a value corresponding to a total number of additional cloud entities of additional external networks to which data of the client station is to be transmitted. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first identifier of the first cloud entity and each of the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different from each other, such that the first anonymized MAC address and each of the N additional anonymized MAC addresses are different from each other. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the first cloud entity and the N additional cloud entities are upper layer network functions or network servers, the first identifier of the first cloud entity and the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different URL addresses or unique names. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein, in response to the client station leaving the local network and rejoining the local network, the program instructions when executed by the processor further cause the network gateway device to:
regenerate the same first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station for the first cloud entity of the first external network; and regenerate the same N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station for the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively. | A method for anonymizing user identifiable information to be transmitted outside of a local network includes generating a network entity hash input based on (i) a first MAC address assigned to a client station of the local network, (ii) a second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) an identifier of a cloud entity of an external network to which data of the client station is to be transmitted. The method further includes generating a hash value output based on the network entity hash input and a random token value using a hashing function, generating an anonymized MAC address associated with the client station based on the hash value output, and transmitting the anonymized MAC address associated with the client station to the cloud entity of the external network.1. A method for anonymizing user identifiable information to be transmitted outside of a local network, the method comprising:
generating a first network entity hash input based on (i) a first MAC address assigned to a client station of the local network, (ii) a second MAC address assigned to a network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) a first identifier of a first cloud entity of a first external network to which data of the client station is to be transmitted; generating a first hash value output based on the first network entity hash input and a random token value using a hashing function; generating a first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station based on the first hash value output; and transmitting the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station to the first cloud entity of the first external network. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
generating the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station includes generating the first anonymized MAC address based on the first hash value output according to an offset select function, and applying the offset select function includes using a first offset value as an index into the first hash value output indicating a location of data within the first hash value output to be utilized as a base of the first anonymized MAC address. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating N additional network entity hash inputs based on (i) the first MAC address assigned to the client station of the local network, (ii) the second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) N additional identifiers of N additional cloud entities of N additional external networks; generating N additional hash value outputs based on the N additional network entity hash inputs and the random token value using the hashing function, respectively; generating N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station based on the N additional hash value outputs, respectively; and transmitting the N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station to the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively, where N is a value corresponding to a total number of additional cloud entities of additional external networks to which data of the client station is to be transmitted. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first identifier of the first cloud entity and each of the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different from each other, such that the first anonymized MAC address and each of the N additional anonymized MAC addresses are different from each other. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the first cloud entity and the N additional cloud entities are upper layer network functions or network servers, and the first identifier of the first cloud entity and the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different URL addresses or unique names. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein, in response to the client station leaving the local network and rejoining the local network, the method further comprising:
regenerating the same first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station for the first cloud entity of the first external network; and regenerating the same N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station for the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively. 7. A network gateway device for anonymizing user identifiable information to be transmitted outside of a local network, the network gateway device comprising:
a memory storing computer-readable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to,
generate a first network entity hash input based on (i) a first MAC address assigned to a client station of the local network, (ii) a second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) a first identifier of a first cloud entity of a first external network to which data of the client station is to be transmitted;
generate a first hash value output based on the first network entity hash input and a random token value using a hashing function;
generate a first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station based on the first hash value output; and
transmit the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station to the first cloud entity of the first external network. 8. The network gateway device of claim 7, wherein:
generating the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station includes generating the first anonymized MAC address based on the first hash value output according to an offset select function, and applying the offset select function includes using a first offset value as an index into the first hash value output indicating a location of data within the first hash value output to be utilized as a base of the first anonymized MAC address. 9. The network gateway device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to:
generate N additional network entity hash inputs based on (i) the first MAC address assigned to the client station of the local network, (ii) the second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) N additional identifiers of N additional cloud entities of N additional external networks; generate N additional hash value outputs based on the N additional network entity hash inputs and the random token value using the hashing function, respectively; generate N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station based on the N additional hash value outputs, respectively; and transmit the N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station to the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively, where N is a value corresponding to a total number of additional cloud entities of additional external networks to which data of the client station is to be transmitted. 10. The network gateway device of claim 9, wherein the first identifier of the first cloud entity and each of the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different from each other, such that the first anonymized MAC address and each of the N additional anonymized MAC addresses are different from each other. 11. The network gateway device of claim 9, wherein:
the first cloud entity and the N additional cloud entities are upper layer network functions or network servers, the first identifier of the first cloud entity and the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different URL addresses or unique names. 12. The network gateway device of claim 9, wherein, in response to the client station leaving the local network and rejoining the local network, the processor is further configured to execute the computer-readable instructions to:
regenerate the same first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station for the first cloud entity of the first external network; and regenerate the same N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station for the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively. 13. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing program instructions for anonymizing user identifiable information to be transmitted outside of a local network, which when executed by a processor of a network gateway device, cause the network gateway device to:
generate a first network entity hash input based on (i) a first MAC address assigned to a client station of the local network, (ii) a second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) a first identifier of a first cloud entity of a first external network to which data of the client station is to be transmitted; generate a first hash value output based on the first network entity hash input and a random token value using a hashing function; generate a first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station based on the first hash value output; and transmit the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station to the first cloud entity of the first external network. 14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein:
generating the first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station includes generating the first anonymized MAC address based on the first hash value output according to an offset select function, and applying the offset select function includes using a first offset value as an index into the first hash value output indicating a location of data within the first hash value output to be utilized as a base of the first anonymized MAC address. 15. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the program instructions when executed by the processor further cause the network gateway device to:
generate N additional network entity hash inputs based on (i) the first MAC address assigned to the client station of the local network, (ii) the second MAC address assigned to the network gateway device of the local network, and (iii) N additional identifiers of N additional cloud entities of N additional external networks; generate N additional hash value outputs based on the N additional network entity hash inputs and the random token value using the hashing function, respectively; generate N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station based on the N additional hash value outputs, respectively; and transmit the N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station to the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively, where N is a value corresponding to a total number of additional cloud entities of additional external networks to which data of the client station is to be transmitted. 16. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the first identifier of the first cloud entity and each of the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different from each other, such that the first anonymized MAC address and each of the N additional anonymized MAC addresses are different from each other. 17. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein:
the first cloud entity and the N additional cloud entities are upper layer network functions or network servers, the first identifier of the first cloud entity and the N additional identifiers of the N additional cloud entities are different URL addresses or unique names. 18. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein, in response to the client station leaving the local network and rejoining the local network, the program instructions when executed by the processor further cause the network gateway device to:
regenerate the same first anonymized MAC address associated with the client station for the first cloud entity of the first external network; and regenerate the same N additional anonymized MAC addresses associated with the client station for the N additional cloud entities of the N additional external networks, respectively. | 2,800 |
346,540 | 16,804,965 | 2,852 | Collecting efficiency of UFP by a filter 53 is improved. Therefore, a sheet feeding guide 37 provided between a transfer portion and a fixing portion is provided with an air passing portion 37 c in order to form an air passage toward the filter 53. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image forming portion for forming a toner image on a sheet in a first position by using toner containing a parting agent; a fixing portion for thermally fixing the toner image, in a second position, formed on the sheet by said image forming portion; a guiding portion for guiding the sheet from the first position toward the second position; a duct, including a suction port provided opposed to a sheet feeding path between the first position and the second position through said guiding portion, for discharging air to an outside of said image forming apparatus; and a filter, provided in the suction port of said duct, for collecting particles of a predetermined particle size resulting from the release agent, wherein said guiding portion is provided with an air passage for permitting air to flow from the sheet feeding path toward said suction port. 2. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said guiding portion is provided with a through hole as said air passage. 3. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said guiding portion is disposed on a side capable of contacting a front surface (of the front surface and a back surface) of the sheet. 4. An image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the second position is above the first position with respect to a direction of gravitation. 5. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parting agent is a wax, and the predetermined particle size is 5.6 nm or more and 560 nm or less. 6. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a fan for forming an air flow in said duct. | Collecting efficiency of UFP by a filter 53 is improved. Therefore, a sheet feeding guide 37 provided between a transfer portion and a fixing portion is provided with an air passing portion 37 c in order to form an air passage toward the filter 53.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image forming portion for forming a toner image on a sheet in a first position by using toner containing a parting agent; a fixing portion for thermally fixing the toner image, in a second position, formed on the sheet by said image forming portion; a guiding portion for guiding the sheet from the first position toward the second position; a duct, including a suction port provided opposed to a sheet feeding path between the first position and the second position through said guiding portion, for discharging air to an outside of said image forming apparatus; and a filter, provided in the suction port of said duct, for collecting particles of a predetermined particle size resulting from the release agent, wherein said guiding portion is provided with an air passage for permitting air to flow from the sheet feeding path toward said suction port. 2. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said guiding portion is provided with a through hole as said air passage. 3. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said guiding portion is disposed on a side capable of contacting a front surface (of the front surface and a back surface) of the sheet. 4. An image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the second position is above the first position with respect to a direction of gravitation. 5. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parting agent is a wax, and the predetermined particle size is 5.6 nm or more and 560 nm or less. 6. An image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a fan for forming an air flow in said duct. | 2,800 |
346,541 | 16,804,976 | 2,852 | Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to media type selection for image data are described. Memory systems can include multiple types of memory media (e.g., volatile and/or non-volatile) and can write data to the memory media types. Image data inputs can be written (e.g., stored) in a particular type of memory media characteristics. For instance, selection of memory media can be based on one or more attributes of the image data. In an example, a method can include receiving, by a memory system that comprises a plurality of memory media types, image data from a first image sensor of a plurality of image sensors, identifying one or more attributes of the image data, and writing, based at least in part on the one or more attributes of the image data, the image data to a first memory media type of the plurality of memory media types. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a memory system that comprises a plurality of memory media types, image data from a first image sensor of a plurality of image sensors; identifying one or more attributes of the image data; and writing, based at least in part on the one or more attributes of the image data, the image data to a first memory media type of the plurality of memory media types. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising identifying the one or more attributes of the image data including at least one of: pixel quality or density of the image data. 3. The method of claim 2, comprising determining the pixel quality of the image data based on at least one of: lens type or image data processing performance. 4. The method of claim 2, comprising determining the density of the image data based on at least one of: spot size, pixel size, or pixel depth. 5. The method of claim 2, comprising writing the image data to the first memory media type responsive to the density of the image data being high density, wherein the first memory media type is dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). 6. The method of claim 2, comprising writing the image data to the first memory media type responsive to the density of the image data being low density, wherein the first memory media type is NAND. 7. The method of claim 3, comprising determining the pixel quality of the image data based on the image data processing performance includes analyzing colors in the image data. 8. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of memory media types; and a controller coupled to the plurality of memory media types, wherein the controller is configured to:
receive image data from a first image sensor of a plurality of image sensors;
identify one or more attributes of the image data;
select, based at least in part on the one or more attributes, a memory media type of the plurality of memory media types; and
write the image data to the selected memory media type. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the plurality of memory media types include at least one of: dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), storage class memory, or NAND. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more attributes include at least one of: spot size, pixel size, or pixel depth of the image data. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to select DRAM and write the image data to the DRAM responsive to at least one of: the spot size being below a first threshold diameter, the pixel depth being above a first threshold number of bits, or the pixel size being above a first threshold number of pixels. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to select NAND and write the image data to the NAND responsive to the spot size being above a second threshold diameter, the pixel depth being below a second threshold number of bits, and the pixel size being below a second threshold number of pixels. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to select storage class memory and write the image data to the storage class memory responsive to the spot size being above the first threshold diameter, the pixel depth being below the first threshold number of bits, and the pixel size being below the first threshold number of pixels and at least one of: the spot size being below the second threshold diameter, the pixel depth being above the second threshold number of bits, or the pixel size being above the second threshold number of pixels. 14. A system, comprising:
a plurality of image sensors; a plurality of memory media types coupled to the plurality of image sensors; and a controller coupled to the plurality of memory media types, wherein the controller is configured to:
store reference information for each of the plurality of image sensors;
receive image data from a first image sensor of a plurality of image sensors;
identify one or more attributes of the image data;
select, based at least in part on the one or more attributes, a memory media type of the plurality of memory media types; and
write the image data to the selected memory media type. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the controller is further configured to identify the one or more attributes of the image data using the stored reference information. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the stored reference information includes at least one of lens type or image sensor type. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the memory media type selected is volatile memory responsive to the stored reference information of the first image sensor. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the memory media type selected is non-volatile responsive to the stored reference information of the first image sensor. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein a lens is used with each of the plurality of image sensors. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the image data includes a lens type of the lens used with the first image sensor. | Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to media type selection for image data are described. Memory systems can include multiple types of memory media (e.g., volatile and/or non-volatile) and can write data to the memory media types. Image data inputs can be written (e.g., stored) in a particular type of memory media characteristics. For instance, selection of memory media can be based on one or more attributes of the image data. In an example, a method can include receiving, by a memory system that comprises a plurality of memory media types, image data from a first image sensor of a plurality of image sensors, identifying one or more attributes of the image data, and writing, based at least in part on the one or more attributes of the image data, the image data to a first memory media type of the plurality of memory media types.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a memory system that comprises a plurality of memory media types, image data from a first image sensor of a plurality of image sensors; identifying one or more attributes of the image data; and writing, based at least in part on the one or more attributes of the image data, the image data to a first memory media type of the plurality of memory media types. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising identifying the one or more attributes of the image data including at least one of: pixel quality or density of the image data. 3. The method of claim 2, comprising determining the pixel quality of the image data based on at least one of: lens type or image data processing performance. 4. The method of claim 2, comprising determining the density of the image data based on at least one of: spot size, pixel size, or pixel depth. 5. The method of claim 2, comprising writing the image data to the first memory media type responsive to the density of the image data being high density, wherein the first memory media type is dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). 6. The method of claim 2, comprising writing the image data to the first memory media type responsive to the density of the image data being low density, wherein the first memory media type is NAND. 7. The method of claim 3, comprising determining the pixel quality of the image data based on the image data processing performance includes analyzing colors in the image data. 8. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of memory media types; and a controller coupled to the plurality of memory media types, wherein the controller is configured to:
receive image data from a first image sensor of a plurality of image sensors;
identify one or more attributes of the image data;
select, based at least in part on the one or more attributes, a memory media type of the plurality of memory media types; and
write the image data to the selected memory media type. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the plurality of memory media types include at least one of: dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), storage class memory, or NAND. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more attributes include at least one of: spot size, pixel size, or pixel depth of the image data. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to select DRAM and write the image data to the DRAM responsive to at least one of: the spot size being below a first threshold diameter, the pixel depth being above a first threshold number of bits, or the pixel size being above a first threshold number of pixels. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to select NAND and write the image data to the NAND responsive to the spot size being above a second threshold diameter, the pixel depth being below a second threshold number of bits, and the pixel size being below a second threshold number of pixels. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to select storage class memory and write the image data to the storage class memory responsive to the spot size being above the first threshold diameter, the pixel depth being below the first threshold number of bits, and the pixel size being below the first threshold number of pixels and at least one of: the spot size being below the second threshold diameter, the pixel depth being above the second threshold number of bits, or the pixel size being above the second threshold number of pixels. 14. A system, comprising:
a plurality of image sensors; a plurality of memory media types coupled to the plurality of image sensors; and a controller coupled to the plurality of memory media types, wherein the controller is configured to:
store reference information for each of the plurality of image sensors;
receive image data from a first image sensor of a plurality of image sensors;
identify one or more attributes of the image data;
select, based at least in part on the one or more attributes, a memory media type of the plurality of memory media types; and
write the image data to the selected memory media type. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the controller is further configured to identify the one or more attributes of the image data using the stored reference information. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the stored reference information includes at least one of lens type or image sensor type. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein the memory media type selected is volatile memory responsive to the stored reference information of the first image sensor. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein the memory media type selected is non-volatile responsive to the stored reference information of the first image sensor. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein a lens is used with each of the plurality of image sensors. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the image data includes a lens type of the lens used with the first image sensor. | 2,800 |
346,542 | 16,804,970 | 2,852 | Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for fault injection and ensuring failsafe FMS SaaS platforms. For instance, the method may include observing a behavior of a platform; building a hypothesis about a steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform; determining whether a request for fault injection has been received; in response to receiving the request for the fault injection, performing the fault injection; observing a response of the platform to the fault injection; determining whether the fault injection is at an end; and in response to determining that the fault injection is at the end, collect and analyze data of observed response(s). | 1. A method for fault injection and ensuring failsafe SaaS platforms, comprising:
observing a behavior of a platform; building a hypothesis about a steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform; determining whether a request for fault injection has been received; in response to receiving the request for the fault injection, performing the fault injection; observing a response of the platform to the fault injection; determining whether the fault injection is at an end; and in response to determining that the fault injection is at the end, collect and analyze data of observed response(s). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the observing the behavior of the platform includes collecting platform data for the platform, the platform data including monitoring and telemetry data for micro-services of the platform, application insights, log analytics, and/or low-level container logs. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the building the hypothesis about the steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform includes
extracting a portion of the platform data that occurs during an average load on the platform or when the platform is idle; and calculating a steady state metric that characterizes the steady state of the platform based on the extracted portion of the platform data, the steady state metric being a vector of a threshold values for resources, micro-services loads, hard loads, and/or message loads. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the performing the fault injection includes:
retrieving one or more fault scenarios from a fault-load database; selecting a fault scenario of the retrieved one or more fault scenarios; and injecting the selected fault scenario into the platform. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein fault-load database may include a plurality of fault scenarios that correspond to (1) physical node faults, (2) virtualization level faults, (3) service level faults, and/or (4) network faults. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the observing the response of the platform to the fault injection includes:
collecting the platform data during the fault injection; and detecting anomaly patterns in the response of the platform. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the detecting the anomaly patterns in the response of the platform includes:
determining a state metric based on the platform data during the fault injection; comparing the state metric to the steady state metric; and in response to the state metric being more than a threshold difference from the steady state metric, detecting an anomaly pattern. 8. A system for fault injection and ensuring failsafe SaaS platforms, the system comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor executing the instructions to perform a process including:
observing a behavior of a platform;
building a hypothesis about a steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform
determining whether a request for fault injection has been received;
in response to receiving the request for the fault injection, performing the fault injection;
observing a response of the platform to the fault injection;
determining whether the fault injection is at an end; and
in response to determining that the fault injection is at the end, collect and analyze data of observed response(s). 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the observing the behavior of the platform includes collecting platform data for the platform, the platform data including monitoring and telemetry data for micro-services of the platform, application insights, log analytics, and/or low-level container logs. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the building the hypothesis about the steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform includes
extracting a portion of the platform data that occurs during an average load on the platform or when the platform is idle; and calculating a steady state metric that characterizes the steady state of the platform based on the extracted portion of the platform data, the steady state metric being a vector of a threshold values for resources, micro-services loads, hard loads, and/or message loads. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the performing the fault injection includes:
retrieving one or more fault scenarios from a fault-load database; selecting a fault scenario of the retrieved one or more fault scenarios; and injecting the selected fault scenario into the platform. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein fault-load database may include a plurality of fault scenarios that correspond to (1) physical node faults, (2) virtualization level faults, (3) service level faults, and/or (4) network faults. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the observing the response of the platform to the fault injection includes:
collecting the platform data during the fault injection; and detecting anomaly patterns in the response of the platform. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the detecting the anomaly patterns in the response of the platform includes:
determining a state metric based on the platform data during the fault injection; comparing the state metric to the steady state metric; and in response to the state metric being more than a threshold difference from the steady state metric, detecting an anomaly pattern. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method for fault injection and ensuring failsafe SaaS platforms, the method comprising:
observing a behavior of a platform; building a hypothesis about a steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform determining whether a request for fault injection has been received; in response to receiving the request for the fault injection, performing the fault injection; observing a response of the platform to the fault injection; determining whether the fault injection is at an end; and in response to determining that the fault injection is at the end, collect and analyze data of observed response(s). 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the observing the behavior of the platform includes collecting platform data for the platform, the platform data including monitoring and telemetry data for micro-services of the platform, application insights, log analytics, and/or low-level container logs. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the building the hypothesis about the steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform includes
extracting a portion of the platform data that occurs during an average load on the platform or when the platform is idle; and calculating a steady state metric that characterizes the steady state of the platform based on the extracted portion of the platform data, the steady state metric being a vector of a threshold values for resources, micro-services loads, hard loads, and/or message loads. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the performing the fault injection includes:
retrieving one or more fault scenarios from a fault-load database; selecting a fault scenario of the retrieved one or more fault scenarios; and injecting the selected fault scenario into the platform. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the observing the response of the platform to the fault injection includes:
collecting the platform data during the fault injection; and detecting anomaly patterns in the response of the platform. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the detecting the anomaly patterns in the response of the platform includes:
determining a state metric based on the platform data during the fault injection; comparing the state metric to the steady state metric; and in response to the state metric being more than a threshold difference from the steady state metric, detecting an anomaly pattern. | Disclosed are methods, systems, and non-transitory computer-readable medium for fault injection and ensuring failsafe FMS SaaS platforms. For instance, the method may include observing a behavior of a platform; building a hypothesis about a steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform; determining whether a request for fault injection has been received; in response to receiving the request for the fault injection, performing the fault injection; observing a response of the platform to the fault injection; determining whether the fault injection is at an end; and in response to determining that the fault injection is at the end, collect and analyze data of observed response(s).1. A method for fault injection and ensuring failsafe SaaS platforms, comprising:
observing a behavior of a platform; building a hypothesis about a steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform; determining whether a request for fault injection has been received; in response to receiving the request for the fault injection, performing the fault injection; observing a response of the platform to the fault injection; determining whether the fault injection is at an end; and in response to determining that the fault injection is at the end, collect and analyze data of observed response(s). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the observing the behavior of the platform includes collecting platform data for the platform, the platform data including monitoring and telemetry data for micro-services of the platform, application insights, log analytics, and/or low-level container logs. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the building the hypothesis about the steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform includes
extracting a portion of the platform data that occurs during an average load on the platform or when the platform is idle; and calculating a steady state metric that characterizes the steady state of the platform based on the extracted portion of the platform data, the steady state metric being a vector of a threshold values for resources, micro-services loads, hard loads, and/or message loads. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the performing the fault injection includes:
retrieving one or more fault scenarios from a fault-load database; selecting a fault scenario of the retrieved one or more fault scenarios; and injecting the selected fault scenario into the platform. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein fault-load database may include a plurality of fault scenarios that correspond to (1) physical node faults, (2) virtualization level faults, (3) service level faults, and/or (4) network faults. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the observing the response of the platform to the fault injection includes:
collecting the platform data during the fault injection; and detecting anomaly patterns in the response of the platform. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the detecting the anomaly patterns in the response of the platform includes:
determining a state metric based on the platform data during the fault injection; comparing the state metric to the steady state metric; and in response to the state metric being more than a threshold difference from the steady state metric, detecting an anomaly pattern. 8. A system for fault injection and ensuring failsafe SaaS platforms, the system comprising:
a memory storing instructions; and a processor executing the instructions to perform a process including:
observing a behavior of a platform;
building a hypothesis about a steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform
determining whether a request for fault injection has been received;
in response to receiving the request for the fault injection, performing the fault injection;
observing a response of the platform to the fault injection;
determining whether the fault injection is at an end; and
in response to determining that the fault injection is at the end, collect and analyze data of observed response(s). 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the observing the behavior of the platform includes collecting platform data for the platform, the platform data including monitoring and telemetry data for micro-services of the platform, application insights, log analytics, and/or low-level container logs. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the building the hypothesis about the steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform includes
extracting a portion of the platform data that occurs during an average load on the platform or when the platform is idle; and calculating a steady state metric that characterizes the steady state of the platform based on the extracted portion of the platform data, the steady state metric being a vector of a threshold values for resources, micro-services loads, hard loads, and/or message loads. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the performing the fault injection includes:
retrieving one or more fault scenarios from a fault-load database; selecting a fault scenario of the retrieved one or more fault scenarios; and injecting the selected fault scenario into the platform. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein fault-load database may include a plurality of fault scenarios that correspond to (1) physical node faults, (2) virtualization level faults, (3) service level faults, and/or (4) network faults. 13. The system of claim 11, wherein the observing the response of the platform to the fault injection includes:
collecting the platform data during the fault injection; and detecting anomaly patterns in the response of the platform. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the detecting the anomaly patterns in the response of the platform includes:
determining a state metric based on the platform data during the fault injection; comparing the state metric to the steady state metric; and in response to the state metric being more than a threshold difference from the steady state metric, detecting an anomaly pattern. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform a method for fault injection and ensuring failsafe SaaS platforms, the method comprising:
observing a behavior of a platform; building a hypothesis about a steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform determining whether a request for fault injection has been received; in response to receiving the request for the fault injection, performing the fault injection; observing a response of the platform to the fault injection; determining whether the fault injection is at an end; and in response to determining that the fault injection is at the end, collect and analyze data of observed response(s). 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the observing the behavior of the platform includes collecting platform data for the platform, the platform data including monitoring and telemetry data for micro-services of the platform, application insights, log analytics, and/or low-level container logs. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the building the hypothesis about the steady state behavior based on the observing the behavior of the platform includes
extracting a portion of the platform data that occurs during an average load on the platform or when the platform is idle; and calculating a steady state metric that characterizes the steady state of the platform based on the extracted portion of the platform data, the steady state metric being a vector of a threshold values for resources, micro-services loads, hard loads, and/or message loads. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the performing the fault injection includes:
retrieving one or more fault scenarios from a fault-load database; selecting a fault scenario of the retrieved one or more fault scenarios; and injecting the selected fault scenario into the platform. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the observing the response of the platform to the fault injection includes:
collecting the platform data during the fault injection; and detecting anomaly patterns in the response of the platform. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the detecting the anomaly patterns in the response of the platform includes:
determining a state metric based on the platform data during the fault injection; comparing the state metric to the steady state metric; and in response to the state metric being more than a threshold difference from the steady state metric, detecting an anomaly pattern. | 2,800 |
346,543 | 16,804,968 | 2,852 | A computer implemented method for evaluating autonomous vehicle safety that includes defining criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles in a test space, and dividing the test space into an intended test space and a un-intended test space for the criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles. The intended test space includes characterizations for the autonomous vehicle that can be quantified, and the un-intended test space includes characterizations that are not quantifiable. The method further includes measuring the safety of the autonomous vehicles in the intended test space. The applying the un-intended test space is applied to the intended test space as feedback into the intended test space; and evaluating the intended test space including the feedback from the unintended test space using a combined simulation of peripheral vehicles and autonomous vehicles to provide the evaluation of autonomous vehicle safety. | 1. A computer implemented method for evaluating autonomous vehicle safety comprising:
defining criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles in a test space; dividing the test space into an intended test space and a un-intended test space, wherein the intended test space includes characterizations for the autonomous vehicle that can be quantified for said criteria for safety, and the un-intended test space includes characterizations that are not quantifiable for said criteria for safety; measuring the safety of the autonomous vehicles in the intended test space; applying the un-intended test space as feedback into the intended test space; and evaluating the intended test space including the feedback from the unintended test space using a combined simulation of peripheral vehicles and autonomous vehicles to provide the evaluation of autonomous vehicle safety. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles includes a measurement of traffic complexity. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 3, wherein measuring the safety of the autonomous vehicles comprises measuring traffic complexity of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on a traffic passageway. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 3, wherein traffic complexity is a measurement comprising a measurement of the number of pathways on a traffic passageway, a number of moving elements on a traffic passageway, a size of the moving elements on the traffic passageway, distances between the moving elements on the traffic passageway, acceleration/deceleration of moving elements on the traffic passageway, a measurement of number of changes between the different pathways on the passageway, and the complexity of the road shape in a unit of time. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the degree of traffic complexity is computed from: Σt∈unitT f lane count(t)+Σt∈unitT f vehicle count(t)+Σt∈unitT vehicle sizes(t)+Σt∈unitT vehicle speed differential(t)+Σt∈unitT distance between vehicles(t)+Σt∈unitT acceleration/deceleration(t)+Σt∈unitT lane change count(t)+Σt∈unitT topology(t), wherein t is a function of time. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles includes a measurement of traffic safety. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 6, wherein measuring the safety of the autonomous vehicles comprises measuring traffic safety of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on a traffic passageway. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 7, wherein traffic safety is a measurement comprising at least one of a number of collisions of said autonomous vehicle, number of approaches by the autonomous vehicle to dangerous zones, number of changes in the complexity of traffic and combinations thereof. 9. The computer implemented method of claim 8, wherein traffic safely is a measurement of degree of traffic safety computed from:
Degree of traffic safety(T−safety)=Σt∈unitT fcollisions(t)+Σt∈unitT fapproaches to dangerous zones(t)+Σt∈unitT ftraffic complexity degree change(t)
wherein t is time. 11. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the unintended data space includes software bugs, vehicle performance by artificial intelligence that is outside practical vehicle performance, and when a number of approaching vehicles approaches an autonomous vehicle over a calculatable threshold. 12. A system for evaluating autonomous vehicle safety comprising:
a database of criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles in a test space; a test space analyzer for dividing the test space into an intended test space and a un-intended test space, wherein the intended test space includes characterizations for the autonomous vehicle that can be quantified for said criteria for safety, and the un-intended test space includes characterizations that are not quantifiable for said criteria for safety; a safety calculator for the intended test space using at least one hardware processor to measure the safety of the autonomous vehicles in the intended test space according the database of criteria for safety; a feedback generator for feeding the un-intended test space as feedback into the intended test space; and a safety evaluator for evaluating the intended test space including the feedback from the unintended test space using a combined simulation of peripheral vehicles and autonomous vehicles to provide the evaluation of autonomous vehicle safety. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles includes at least one of a traffic criteria for traffic complexity and a safety criteria for traffic safety. 14. The system method of claim 13, wherein the safety calculator measures the safety of the autonomous vehicles by measuring at least one of the traffic complexity of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on the traffic passageway and the traffic safety of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on the traffic passageway. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein traffic complexity is a measurement comprising a measurement of the number of pathways on a traffic passageway, a number of moving elements on a traffic passageway, a size of the moving elements on the traffic passageway, distances between the moving elements on the traffic passageway, acceleration/deceleration of moving elements on the traffic passageway, a measurement of number of changes between the different pathways on the passageway, and the complexity of the road shape in a unit of time. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the safety calculator measures the safety of the autonomous vehicles by measuring traffic safety of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on a traffic passageway. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein traffic safety is a measurement comprising at least one of a number of collisions of said autonomous vehicle, number of approaches by the autonomous vehicle to dangerous zones, number of changes in the complexity of traffic and combinations thereof. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the unintended data space includes software bugs, vehicle performance by artificial intelligence that is outside practical vehicle performance, and when a number of approaching vehicles approaches an autonomous vehicle over a calculatable threshold. 19. A computer program product for evaluating autonomous vehicle safety, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
define criteria, using the processor, for safety of autonomous vehicles in a test space; divide, using the processor, the test space into an intended test space and a un-intended test space, wherein the intended test space includes characterizations for the autonomous vehicle that can be quantified for said criteria for safety, and the un-intended test space includes characterizations that are not quantifiable for said criteria for safety; measure, using the processor, the safety of the autonomous vehicles in the intended test space; apply, using the processor, the un-intended test space as feedback into the intended test space; and evaluate, using the processor, the intended test space including the feedback from the unintended test space using a combined simulation of peripheral vehicles and autonomous vehicles to provide the evaluation of autonomous vehicle safety. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein said measure using the processor of the safety of the autonomous vehicles comprises a measurement of at least one of traffic complexity of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on the traffic passageway, and traffic safety of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on the traffic passageway. | A computer implemented method for evaluating autonomous vehicle safety that includes defining criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles in a test space, and dividing the test space into an intended test space and a un-intended test space for the criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles. The intended test space includes characterizations for the autonomous vehicle that can be quantified, and the un-intended test space includes characterizations that are not quantifiable. The method further includes measuring the safety of the autonomous vehicles in the intended test space. The applying the un-intended test space is applied to the intended test space as feedback into the intended test space; and evaluating the intended test space including the feedback from the unintended test space using a combined simulation of peripheral vehicles and autonomous vehicles to provide the evaluation of autonomous vehicle safety.1. A computer implemented method for evaluating autonomous vehicle safety comprising:
defining criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles in a test space; dividing the test space into an intended test space and a un-intended test space, wherein the intended test space includes characterizations for the autonomous vehicle that can be quantified for said criteria for safety, and the un-intended test space includes characterizations that are not quantifiable for said criteria for safety; measuring the safety of the autonomous vehicles in the intended test space; applying the un-intended test space as feedback into the intended test space; and evaluating the intended test space including the feedback from the unintended test space using a combined simulation of peripheral vehicles and autonomous vehicles to provide the evaluation of autonomous vehicle safety. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles includes a measurement of traffic complexity. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 3, wherein measuring the safety of the autonomous vehicles comprises measuring traffic complexity of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on a traffic passageway. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 3, wherein traffic complexity is a measurement comprising a measurement of the number of pathways on a traffic passageway, a number of moving elements on a traffic passageway, a size of the moving elements on the traffic passageway, distances between the moving elements on the traffic passageway, acceleration/deceleration of moving elements on the traffic passageway, a measurement of number of changes between the different pathways on the passageway, and the complexity of the road shape in a unit of time. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the degree of traffic complexity is computed from: Σt∈unitT f lane count(t)+Σt∈unitT f vehicle count(t)+Σt∈unitT vehicle sizes(t)+Σt∈unitT vehicle speed differential(t)+Σt∈unitT distance between vehicles(t)+Σt∈unitT acceleration/deceleration(t)+Σt∈unitT lane change count(t)+Σt∈unitT topology(t), wherein t is a function of time. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles includes a measurement of traffic safety. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 6, wherein measuring the safety of the autonomous vehicles comprises measuring traffic safety of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on a traffic passageway. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 7, wherein traffic safety is a measurement comprising at least one of a number of collisions of said autonomous vehicle, number of approaches by the autonomous vehicle to dangerous zones, number of changes in the complexity of traffic and combinations thereof. 9. The computer implemented method of claim 8, wherein traffic safely is a measurement of degree of traffic safety computed from:
Degree of traffic safety(T−safety)=Σt∈unitT fcollisions(t)+Σt∈unitT fapproaches to dangerous zones(t)+Σt∈unitT ftraffic complexity degree change(t)
wherein t is time. 11. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the unintended data space includes software bugs, vehicle performance by artificial intelligence that is outside practical vehicle performance, and when a number of approaching vehicles approaches an autonomous vehicle over a calculatable threshold. 12. A system for evaluating autonomous vehicle safety comprising:
a database of criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles in a test space; a test space analyzer for dividing the test space into an intended test space and a un-intended test space, wherein the intended test space includes characterizations for the autonomous vehicle that can be quantified for said criteria for safety, and the un-intended test space includes characterizations that are not quantifiable for said criteria for safety; a safety calculator for the intended test space using at least one hardware processor to measure the safety of the autonomous vehicles in the intended test space according the database of criteria for safety; a feedback generator for feeding the un-intended test space as feedback into the intended test space; and a safety evaluator for evaluating the intended test space including the feedback from the unintended test space using a combined simulation of peripheral vehicles and autonomous vehicles to provide the evaluation of autonomous vehicle safety. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the criteria for safety of autonomous vehicles includes at least one of a traffic criteria for traffic complexity and a safety criteria for traffic safety. 14. The system method of claim 13, wherein the safety calculator measures the safety of the autonomous vehicles by measuring at least one of the traffic complexity of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on the traffic passageway and the traffic safety of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on the traffic passageway. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein traffic complexity is a measurement comprising a measurement of the number of pathways on a traffic passageway, a number of moving elements on a traffic passageway, a size of the moving elements on the traffic passageway, distances between the moving elements on the traffic passageway, acceleration/deceleration of moving elements on the traffic passageway, a measurement of number of changes between the different pathways on the passageway, and the complexity of the road shape in a unit of time. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein the safety calculator measures the safety of the autonomous vehicles by measuring traffic safety of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on a traffic passageway. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein traffic safety is a measurement comprising at least one of a number of collisions of said autonomous vehicle, number of approaches by the autonomous vehicle to dangerous zones, number of changes in the complexity of traffic and combinations thereof. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the unintended data space includes software bugs, vehicle performance by artificial intelligence that is outside practical vehicle performance, and when a number of approaching vehicles approaches an autonomous vehicle over a calculatable threshold. 19. A computer program product for evaluating autonomous vehicle safety, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
define criteria, using the processor, for safety of autonomous vehicles in a test space; divide, using the processor, the test space into an intended test space and a un-intended test space, wherein the intended test space includes characterizations for the autonomous vehicle that can be quantified for said criteria for safety, and the un-intended test space includes characterizations that are not quantifiable for said criteria for safety; measure, using the processor, the safety of the autonomous vehicles in the intended test space; apply, using the processor, the un-intended test space as feedback into the intended test space; and evaluate, using the processor, the intended test space including the feedback from the unintended test space using a combined simulation of peripheral vehicles and autonomous vehicles to provide the evaluation of autonomous vehicle safety. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein said measure using the processor of the safety of the autonomous vehicles comprises a measurement of at least one of traffic complexity of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on the traffic passageway, and traffic safety of the peripheral vehicles and the autonomous vehicles on the traffic passageway. | 2,800 |
346,544 | 16,804,988 | 2,852 | An apparatus and method for a dental tool holder for use with a cassette assembly for cleaning and preparing dental tools for use. The dental tool holder includes a body with a set of openings. A set of slits extend through the exterior of the body to the openings for the insertion of tools. Opposite of the openings, a valley can be formed in the body at each slit. Additionally, slots can be provided between each set of one slit and one opening. | 1. A tool holder for holding dental instruments, the tool holder comprising:
a body including a front face, a rear face, and a top surface; at least one opening extending through the body from the front face to the rear face; at least one slit extending into the body from the top surface and terminating at the opening. 2. The tool holder of claim 1 further comprising at least one valley provided in the top surface, wherein the at least one valley is aligned with the at least one slit. 3. The tool holder of claim 2 further comprising at least one additional valley, wherein the at least one additional valley is unaligned with the at least one slit. 4. The tool holder of claim 1 wherein the at least one opening includes eight openings, and the at least one slit includes eight slits, with each slit terminating at one complementary opening. 5. The tool holder of claim 1 wherein a first recess is defined in the front face and a second recess is defined in the rear face. 6. The tool holder of claim 5 wherein a length of the openings, measured between the front face and the rear face, is defined by the first recess and the second recess. 7. The tool holder of claim 5 wherein the first recess and the second recess define a thin portion for the body. 8. The tool holder of claim 1 wherein the at least one openings includes at least two openings, and further defining a set of slots, with each slot provided between at least two openings of the at least two openings. 9. The tool holder of claim 8 wherein the set of slots includes seven slots. 10. The tool holder of claim 9 wherein the seven slots further define eight sections for the body, with each section including one opening. 11. The tool holder of claim 1 wherein the body further includes a thickened portion, defined adjacent to a bottom surface, opposite of the top surface. 12. The tool holder of claim 11 wherein the thickened portion includes a truncated triangular profile. 13. The tool holder of claim 1 further including at least one enlarged opening, such that the at least one enlarged opening is larger than that of the at least one opening. 14. The tool holder of claim 13 wherein the at least one enlarged opening includes an inlet defined by a pair of opposing extensions. 15. A tool holder assembly for holding dental instruments within a dental cassette, the tool holder assembly comprising:
a first dental tool holder and a second dental tool holder, each including:
a body with a set of openings, and including a set of slits complementary to the set of openings, each slit of the set of slits extending through the body to one opening of the set of openings. 16. The tool holder assembly of claim 15 wherein the set of openings includes at least one enlarged opening, larger than the other openings of the set of openings, with the at least one enlarged opening including an inlet defined by a set of extensions. 17. The tool holder assembly of claim 15 wherein the body of each dental tool holder includes a set of slots provided between each openings of the set of openings. 18. A method of preparing dental tools for cleaning in a cassette, the method comprising:
inserting a set of tools, through a set of slits, into a complementary set of openings in a dental tool holder. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising securing the second set of dental tools within the cassette. 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the dental tool holder includes a pair of spaced bodies, with each body having the set of slits and the complementary set of openings. | An apparatus and method for a dental tool holder for use with a cassette assembly for cleaning and preparing dental tools for use. The dental tool holder includes a body with a set of openings. A set of slits extend through the exterior of the body to the openings for the insertion of tools. Opposite of the openings, a valley can be formed in the body at each slit. Additionally, slots can be provided between each set of one slit and one opening.1. A tool holder for holding dental instruments, the tool holder comprising:
a body including a front face, a rear face, and a top surface; at least one opening extending through the body from the front face to the rear face; at least one slit extending into the body from the top surface and terminating at the opening. 2. The tool holder of claim 1 further comprising at least one valley provided in the top surface, wherein the at least one valley is aligned with the at least one slit. 3. The tool holder of claim 2 further comprising at least one additional valley, wherein the at least one additional valley is unaligned with the at least one slit. 4. The tool holder of claim 1 wherein the at least one opening includes eight openings, and the at least one slit includes eight slits, with each slit terminating at one complementary opening. 5. The tool holder of claim 1 wherein a first recess is defined in the front face and a second recess is defined in the rear face. 6. The tool holder of claim 5 wherein a length of the openings, measured between the front face and the rear face, is defined by the first recess and the second recess. 7. The tool holder of claim 5 wherein the first recess and the second recess define a thin portion for the body. 8. The tool holder of claim 1 wherein the at least one openings includes at least two openings, and further defining a set of slots, with each slot provided between at least two openings of the at least two openings. 9. The tool holder of claim 8 wherein the set of slots includes seven slots. 10. The tool holder of claim 9 wherein the seven slots further define eight sections for the body, with each section including one opening. 11. The tool holder of claim 1 wherein the body further includes a thickened portion, defined adjacent to a bottom surface, opposite of the top surface. 12. The tool holder of claim 11 wherein the thickened portion includes a truncated triangular profile. 13. The tool holder of claim 1 further including at least one enlarged opening, such that the at least one enlarged opening is larger than that of the at least one opening. 14. The tool holder of claim 13 wherein the at least one enlarged opening includes an inlet defined by a pair of opposing extensions. 15. A tool holder assembly for holding dental instruments within a dental cassette, the tool holder assembly comprising:
a first dental tool holder and a second dental tool holder, each including:
a body with a set of openings, and including a set of slits complementary to the set of openings, each slit of the set of slits extending through the body to one opening of the set of openings. 16. The tool holder assembly of claim 15 wherein the set of openings includes at least one enlarged opening, larger than the other openings of the set of openings, with the at least one enlarged opening including an inlet defined by a set of extensions. 17. The tool holder assembly of claim 15 wherein the body of each dental tool holder includes a set of slots provided between each openings of the set of openings. 18. A method of preparing dental tools for cleaning in a cassette, the method comprising:
inserting a set of tools, through a set of slits, into a complementary set of openings in a dental tool holder. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising securing the second set of dental tools within the cassette. 20. The method of claim 18 wherein the dental tool holder includes a pair of spaced bodies, with each body having the set of slits and the complementary set of openings. | 2,800 |
346,545 | 16,805,018 | 2,852 | A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising: a brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for exerting a braking torque on the wheel; a computer situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the computer and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured to receive the first control signals and to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators. | 1. A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising:
a brake for braking a wheel of an undercarriage of the aircraft, the brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for applying a braking force against the friction members and thereby exerting a braking torque on the wheel, each electromechanical actuator including a body having integrated therein an electric motor and a power module for generating a power supply current for the electric motor; a computer situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the computer and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured and arranged to receive the first control signals, the junction box comprising electrical processor means configured and arranged to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators, the electrical processor means of the junction box including a digital-to-analog converter, the first control signals comprising digital signals for controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators, and the second control signals comprising analog signals for controlling the electric motors. 2. The architecture according to claim 1, wherein the wheel or the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators include a sensor adapted to produce analog measurement signals of a parameter of the wheel or of the electric motors, wherein the electrical processor means of the junction box include an analog-to-digital converter configured and arranged to convert the analog measurement signals into digital measurement signals, and wherein the electrical processor means of the junction box are configured and arranged to transmit the digital measurement signals to the computer. 3. A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising:
a brake arranged to brake a wheel of an undercarriage of the aircraft, the brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for applying a braking force against the friction members to exert a braking torque on the wheel, each electromechanical actuator including a body having integrated therein an electric motor and a power circuit that generates a power supply current for the electric motor; a control circuit situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the control circuit and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured and arranged to receive the first control signals, the junction box comprising a processing circuit having a digital-to-analog converter, the processing circuit configured and arranged to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators, wherein the first control signals comprise digital signals for controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators and the second control signals comprises analog signals for controlling the electric motors. 4. The architecture according to claim 3, wherein the wheel or the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators include a sensor adapted to produce analog measurement signals of a parameter of the wheel or of the electric motors, wherein the processing circuit of the junction box includes an analog-to-digital converter configured and arranged to convert the analog measurement signals into digital measurement signals, and wherein the processing circuit of the junction box is configured and arranged to transmit the digital measurement signals to the computer. | A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising: a brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for exerting a braking torque on the wheel; a computer situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the computer and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured to receive the first control signals and to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators.1. A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising:
a brake for braking a wheel of an undercarriage of the aircraft, the brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for applying a braking force against the friction members and thereby exerting a braking torque on the wheel, each electromechanical actuator including a body having integrated therein an electric motor and a power module for generating a power supply current for the electric motor; a computer situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the computer and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured and arranged to receive the first control signals, the junction box comprising electrical processor means configured and arranged to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators, the electrical processor means of the junction box including a digital-to-analog converter, the first control signals comprising digital signals for controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators, and the second control signals comprising analog signals for controlling the electric motors. 2. The architecture according to claim 1, wherein the wheel or the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators include a sensor adapted to produce analog measurement signals of a parameter of the wheel or of the electric motors, wherein the electrical processor means of the junction box include an analog-to-digital converter configured and arranged to convert the analog measurement signals into digital measurement signals, and wherein the electrical processor means of the junction box are configured and arranged to transmit the digital measurement signals to the computer. 3. A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising:
a brake arranged to brake a wheel of an undercarriage of the aircraft, the brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for applying a braking force against the friction members to exert a braking torque on the wheel, each electromechanical actuator including a body having integrated therein an electric motor and a power circuit that generates a power supply current for the electric motor; a control circuit situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the control circuit and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured and arranged to receive the first control signals, the junction box comprising a processing circuit having a digital-to-analog converter, the processing circuit configured and arranged to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators, wherein the first control signals comprise digital signals for controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators and the second control signals comprises analog signals for controlling the electric motors. 4. The architecture according to claim 3, wherein the wheel or the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators include a sensor adapted to produce analog measurement signals of a parameter of the wheel or of the electric motors, wherein the processing circuit of the junction box includes an analog-to-digital converter configured and arranged to convert the analog measurement signals into digital measurement signals, and wherein the processing circuit of the junction box is configured and arranged to transmit the digital measurement signals to the computer. | 2,800 |
346,546 | 16,805,002 | 2,852 | Provided is a wireless power transceiver including a magnetic body, a solenoid coil wound with respect to the magnetic body, and a dual coil spaced downwardly from the solenoid coil and wound with respect to the magnetic body on opposite sides of the solenoid coil, the dual coil being wound in directions opposite to each other. | 1. A wireless power transceiver comprising:
a magnetic body; a solenoid coil wound with respect to the magnetic body; and a dual coil spaced downwardly from the solenoid coil and wound with respect to the magnetic body on opposite sides of the solenoid coil, the dual coil being wound in directions opposite to each other. 2. The wireless power transceiver of claim 1, wherein the dual coil comprises a first coil portion and a second coil portion, and a center line of the first coil portion and a center line of the second coil portion are substantially perpendicular to a center line of the solenoid coil. 3. The wireless power transceiver of claim 2, wherein the magnetic body is formed in a rod shape and having a groove provided in a middle portion of the magnetic body and two portions on opposite sides of the groove, and
wherein the solenoid coil is wound with respect to the groove of the magnetic body and the first coil portion and the second coil portion are wound with respect to the two portions of the magnetic body. 4. The wireless power transceiver of claim 1, wherein the solenoid coil and the dual coil are physically connected in series. 5. The wireless power transceiver of claim 1, wherein the solenoid coil and the dual coil are physically separated, and coupled to each other by a magnetic field. 6. The wireless power transceiver of claim 1, wherein the magnetic body comprises a groove and two legs on opposite sides of the groove, and the dual coil is wound around the two legs of the magnetic body, respectively, in a spiral shape. 7. The wireless power transceiver of claim 6, wherein the dual coil comprises:
a plurality of spiral coil layers; a plurality of insulators interposed between the plurality of spiral coil layers; and a plurality of capacitors connected in series to the plurality of spiral coil layers. 8. The wireless power transceiver of claim 1, wherein the magnetic body comprises a groove and two legs on opposite sides of the groove, and the dual coil is wound around the two legs of the magnetic body, respectively, in a helical shape. 9. The wireless power transceiver of claim 5, further comprising a power source connected to both ends of the solenoid coil,
wherein the dual coil is configured to operate as a repeater. 10. The wireless power transceiver of claim 5, further comprising a power source connected to both ends of the dual coil,
wherein the solenoid coil is configured to operate as a repeater. | Provided is a wireless power transceiver including a magnetic body, a solenoid coil wound with respect to the magnetic body, and a dual coil spaced downwardly from the solenoid coil and wound with respect to the magnetic body on opposite sides of the solenoid coil, the dual coil being wound in directions opposite to each other.1. A wireless power transceiver comprising:
a magnetic body; a solenoid coil wound with respect to the magnetic body; and a dual coil spaced downwardly from the solenoid coil and wound with respect to the magnetic body on opposite sides of the solenoid coil, the dual coil being wound in directions opposite to each other. 2. The wireless power transceiver of claim 1, wherein the dual coil comprises a first coil portion and a second coil portion, and a center line of the first coil portion and a center line of the second coil portion are substantially perpendicular to a center line of the solenoid coil. 3. The wireless power transceiver of claim 2, wherein the magnetic body is formed in a rod shape and having a groove provided in a middle portion of the magnetic body and two portions on opposite sides of the groove, and
wherein the solenoid coil is wound with respect to the groove of the magnetic body and the first coil portion and the second coil portion are wound with respect to the two portions of the magnetic body. 4. The wireless power transceiver of claim 1, wherein the solenoid coil and the dual coil are physically connected in series. 5. The wireless power transceiver of claim 1, wherein the solenoid coil and the dual coil are physically separated, and coupled to each other by a magnetic field. 6. The wireless power transceiver of claim 1, wherein the magnetic body comprises a groove and two legs on opposite sides of the groove, and the dual coil is wound around the two legs of the magnetic body, respectively, in a spiral shape. 7. The wireless power transceiver of claim 6, wherein the dual coil comprises:
a plurality of spiral coil layers; a plurality of insulators interposed between the plurality of spiral coil layers; and a plurality of capacitors connected in series to the plurality of spiral coil layers. 8. The wireless power transceiver of claim 1, wherein the magnetic body comprises a groove and two legs on opposite sides of the groove, and the dual coil is wound around the two legs of the magnetic body, respectively, in a helical shape. 9. The wireless power transceiver of claim 5, further comprising a power source connected to both ends of the solenoid coil,
wherein the dual coil is configured to operate as a repeater. 10. The wireless power transceiver of claim 5, further comprising a power source connected to both ends of the dual coil,
wherein the solenoid coil is configured to operate as a repeater. | 2,800 |
346,547 | 16,804,987 | 2,852 | A system and method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map improves automatic device by allowing a self-driving vehicle to safely make a sharp turn or pass by an environmental obstacle. The system includes at least one passenger vehicle, an automated driving system, and at least one roadside device. Road-condition data is continuously captured with a passenger LIDAR system and a passenger camera device of the passenger vehicle. The road-condition data is compared to LIDAR profiles with an automatic driving system in order to identify a matching profile. A roadside device is pinged if at least one non-line-of-sight condition is detected in the road-condition data. Hidden target data is retrieved from the roadside device to the automated driving system. The automated driving system compiles a set of driving instructions. The set of driving instructions is executed with the passenger vehicle through the automated driving system. | 1. A method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method comprises the steps of:
(A) providing at least one passenger vehicle, an automated driving system, and at least one roadside device, wherein the passenger vehicle and the automated driving system are communicably coupled to each other, and wherein the passenger vehicle comprises a passenger LIDAR system and a passenger camera device, and wherein a LIDAR digital map is stored on the automated driving system, and wherein the LIDAR digital map includes a plurality of LIDAR profiles and a plurality of geospatial points, and wherein each LIDAR profile is associated to a corresponding point from the plurality of geospatial points; (B) continuously capturing road-condition data with the passenger LIDAR system and the passenger camera device; (C) comparing the road-condition data to each LIDAR profile with the automated driving system in order to identify a matching profile from the plurality of LIDAR profiles; (D) pinging the roadside device, if at least one non-line-of-sight condition is detected in the road-condition data and/or the corresponding point of the matching profile with the automated driving system; (E) retrieving hidden target data from the roadside device to the automated driving system, if the roadside device is pinged in step (D); (F) compiling a set of driving instructions in accordance to the hidden target data with the automated driving system; and (G) executing the set of driving instructions with the passenger vehicle through the automated driving system. 2. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps of:
(H) providing at least one test vehicle, wherein the test vehicle and the automated driving system are communicably coupled to each other, and wherein the test vehicle comprises a test LIDAR system, and wherein a plurality of LIDAR classifications is stored on the automated driving system;
(I) capturing the plurality of LIDAR profiles along a specific road with the test LIDAR system by travelling the specific road with the test vehicle, wherein the specific road is mapped in the plurality of geospatial points;
(J) assigning each LIDAR profile to a corresponding classification with the automated driving system, wherein the corresponding classification is from the plurality of LIDAR classifications;
(K) executing a plurality of iterations for steps (I) and (J) for a plurality of mapped roads, wherein the specific road in each iteration for steps (I) and (J) is a different road from the plurality of mapped roads;
(L) compiling each LIDAR profile with the corresponding classification at the corresponding point for each mappable road into the LIDAR digital map of the plurality of mapped roads with the automated driving system; and
(M) implementing the LIDAR digital map with the automated driving system. 3. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 2 comprises the steps of:
wherein the test vehicle is travelling in a forward direction on a selected lane of the specific road during step (I);
receiving a first set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the first set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in the forward direction on the selected lane ahead of the test vehicle; and
receiving a second set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the second set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in the forward direction on the selected lane behind the test vehicle. 4. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 3 comprises the steps of:
wherein the specific road includes at least one adjacent lane to the selected lane;
receiving a third set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the third set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in the forward direction on the adjacent lane ahead of the test vehicle; and
receiving a fourth set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the fourth set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in the forward direction on the adjacent lane behind the test vehicle. 5. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 3 comprises the steps of:
wherein the specific road includes at least one adjacent lane to the selected lane;
receiving a fifth set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the fifth set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in an opposite direction on the adjacent lane ahead of the test vehicle; and
receiving a sixth set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the sixth set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in the opposite direction on the adjacent lane behind of the test vehicle. 6. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 2 comprises the steps of:
(N) comparing a specific profile to each LIDAR classification with the automated driving system during step (J) in order to identify a matching classification from the plurality of LIDAR classifications, wherein the specific profile is from the plurality of LIDAR profiles;
(O) assigning the matching classification as the corresponding classification for the specific profile with the automated driving system, if the matching classification is identified by the automated driving system;
(P) appending the specific profile into the LIDAR classifications as a new classification with the automated driving system, if the matching classification is not identified by the automated driving system;
(Q) assigning the new classification as the corresponding classification for the specific profile with the automated driving system, if the matching classification is not identified by the automated driving system; and
(R) executing a plurality of iterations for steps (O) through (Q), wherein the specific profile in each iteration is a different profile from the plurality of LIDAR profiles. 7. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 6 comprises the steps of:
providing a matching threshold managed by the automated driving system;
assessing a profile-similarity score between the matching classification and the specific profile with the automated driving system; and
updating the matching classification with a modification based on the specific profile with the automated driving system, if the profile-similarity score is less than or equal to the matching threshold. 8. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps of:
providing the at least one roadside device as a passive laser beam reflector;
propagating a scanning laser beam from the passenger LIDAR system, off the roadside device, and to the non-line-of-sight condition;
relaying echo-laser data of the non-line of-sight condition from the roadside device to the passenger LIDAR system;
compiling the echo-laser data into at least one target image of the non-line of-sight condition with the passenger LIDAR system; and
designating the target image as the hidden target data with the automated driving system during step (E). 9. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps of:
wherein the at least one roadside device includes a roadside LIDAR device;
propagating a scanning laser beam from the roadside device to the non-line-of-sight condition;
capturing echo-laser data of the non-line of-sight condition with the roadside device;
compiling the echo-laser data into at least one target image of the non-line of-sight condition with the roadside device;
relaying the target image from the roadside device to the passenger LIDAR system; and
designating the target image as part of the hidden target data with the automated driving system during step (E). 10. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps of:
wherein the at least one roadside device includes a roadside camera device;
capturing videographic data of the non-line of-sight condition with the roadside device;
relaying the videographic data from the roadside device to the automated driving system; and
designating the videographic data as part of the hidden target data with the automated driving system during step (E). | A system and method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map improves automatic device by allowing a self-driving vehicle to safely make a sharp turn or pass by an environmental obstacle. The system includes at least one passenger vehicle, an automated driving system, and at least one roadside device. Road-condition data is continuously captured with a passenger LIDAR system and a passenger camera device of the passenger vehicle. The road-condition data is compared to LIDAR profiles with an automatic driving system in order to identify a matching profile. A roadside device is pinged if at least one non-line-of-sight condition is detected in the road-condition data. Hidden target data is retrieved from the roadside device to the automated driving system. The automated driving system compiles a set of driving instructions. The set of driving instructions is executed with the passenger vehicle through the automated driving system.1. A method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method comprises the steps of:
(A) providing at least one passenger vehicle, an automated driving system, and at least one roadside device, wherein the passenger vehicle and the automated driving system are communicably coupled to each other, and wherein the passenger vehicle comprises a passenger LIDAR system and a passenger camera device, and wherein a LIDAR digital map is stored on the automated driving system, and wherein the LIDAR digital map includes a plurality of LIDAR profiles and a plurality of geospatial points, and wherein each LIDAR profile is associated to a corresponding point from the plurality of geospatial points; (B) continuously capturing road-condition data with the passenger LIDAR system and the passenger camera device; (C) comparing the road-condition data to each LIDAR profile with the automated driving system in order to identify a matching profile from the plurality of LIDAR profiles; (D) pinging the roadside device, if at least one non-line-of-sight condition is detected in the road-condition data and/or the corresponding point of the matching profile with the automated driving system; (E) retrieving hidden target data from the roadside device to the automated driving system, if the roadside device is pinged in step (D); (F) compiling a set of driving instructions in accordance to the hidden target data with the automated driving system; and (G) executing the set of driving instructions with the passenger vehicle through the automated driving system. 2. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps of:
(H) providing at least one test vehicle, wherein the test vehicle and the automated driving system are communicably coupled to each other, and wherein the test vehicle comprises a test LIDAR system, and wherein a plurality of LIDAR classifications is stored on the automated driving system;
(I) capturing the plurality of LIDAR profiles along a specific road with the test LIDAR system by travelling the specific road with the test vehicle, wherein the specific road is mapped in the plurality of geospatial points;
(J) assigning each LIDAR profile to a corresponding classification with the automated driving system, wherein the corresponding classification is from the plurality of LIDAR classifications;
(K) executing a plurality of iterations for steps (I) and (J) for a plurality of mapped roads, wherein the specific road in each iteration for steps (I) and (J) is a different road from the plurality of mapped roads;
(L) compiling each LIDAR profile with the corresponding classification at the corresponding point for each mappable road into the LIDAR digital map of the plurality of mapped roads with the automated driving system; and
(M) implementing the LIDAR digital map with the automated driving system. 3. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 2 comprises the steps of:
wherein the test vehicle is travelling in a forward direction on a selected lane of the specific road during step (I);
receiving a first set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the first set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in the forward direction on the selected lane ahead of the test vehicle; and
receiving a second set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the second set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in the forward direction on the selected lane behind the test vehicle. 4. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 3 comprises the steps of:
wherein the specific road includes at least one adjacent lane to the selected lane;
receiving a third set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the third set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in the forward direction on the adjacent lane ahead of the test vehicle; and
receiving a fourth set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the fourth set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in the forward direction on the adjacent lane behind the test vehicle. 5. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 3 comprises the steps of:
wherein the specific road includes at least one adjacent lane to the selected lane;
receiving a fifth set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the fifth set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in an opposite direction on the adjacent lane ahead of the test vehicle; and
receiving a sixth set of LIDAR data for each LIDAR profile with the test vehicle, wherein the sixth set of LIDAR data is used to detect a vehicular presence travelling in the opposite direction on the adjacent lane behind of the test vehicle. 6. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 2 comprises the steps of:
(N) comparing a specific profile to each LIDAR classification with the automated driving system during step (J) in order to identify a matching classification from the plurality of LIDAR classifications, wherein the specific profile is from the plurality of LIDAR profiles;
(O) assigning the matching classification as the corresponding classification for the specific profile with the automated driving system, if the matching classification is identified by the automated driving system;
(P) appending the specific profile into the LIDAR classifications as a new classification with the automated driving system, if the matching classification is not identified by the automated driving system;
(Q) assigning the new classification as the corresponding classification for the specific profile with the automated driving system, if the matching classification is not identified by the automated driving system; and
(R) executing a plurality of iterations for steps (O) through (Q), wherein the specific profile in each iteration is a different profile from the plurality of LIDAR profiles. 7. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 6 comprises the steps of:
providing a matching threshold managed by the automated driving system;
assessing a profile-similarity score between the matching classification and the specific profile with the automated driving system; and
updating the matching classification with a modification based on the specific profile with the automated driving system, if the profile-similarity score is less than or equal to the matching threshold. 8. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps of:
providing the at least one roadside device as a passive laser beam reflector;
propagating a scanning laser beam from the passenger LIDAR system, off the roadside device, and to the non-line-of-sight condition;
relaying echo-laser data of the non-line of-sight condition from the roadside device to the passenger LIDAR system;
compiling the echo-laser data into at least one target image of the non-line of-sight condition with the passenger LIDAR system; and
designating the target image as the hidden target data with the automated driving system during step (E). 9. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps of:
wherein the at least one roadside device includes a roadside LIDAR device;
propagating a scanning laser beam from the roadside device to the non-line-of-sight condition;
capturing echo-laser data of the non-line of-sight condition with the roadside device;
compiling the echo-laser data into at least one target image of the non-line of-sight condition with the roadside device;
relaying the target image from the roadside device to the passenger LIDAR system; and
designating the target image as part of the hidden target data with the automated driving system during step (E). 10. The method of utilizing a LIDAR digital map to improve automatic driving, the method as claimed in claim 1 comprises the steps of:
wherein the at least one roadside device includes a roadside camera device;
capturing videographic data of the non-line of-sight condition with the roadside device;
relaying the videographic data from the roadside device to the automated driving system; and
designating the videographic data as part of the hidden target data with the automated driving system during step (E). | 2,800 |
346,548 | 16,804,991 | 2,852 | A method of recondensing boil off gas includes receiving liquefied natural gas from a storage tank and increasing the pressure of the received liquefied natural gas to produce increased pressure liquefied natural gas. The method further includes receiving boil off gas from the storage tank at a gas inlet of an ejector, and receiving the increased pressure liquefied natural gas at a liquefied gas inlet of the ejector. The pressure of the increased pressure liquefied gas is used as a motive force to eject combined liquefied natural gas and boil off gas at a pressure greater than that of the boil off gas received at the gas inlet of the ejector. The method additionally includes increasing the pressure of the fluid ejected from the ejector to produce increased pressure ejected fluid. | 1. A method of recondensing boil off gas, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving liquefied natural gas from a storage tank; increasing the pressure of the received liquefied natural gas to produce increased pressure liquefied natural gas; receiving boil off gas from the storage tank at a gas inlet of an ejector; receiving the increased pressure liquefied natural gas at a liquefied natural gas inlet of the ejector; utilizing the pressure of the increased pressure liquefied natural gas as a motive force to eject combined liquefied natural gas and boil off gas at a pressure greater than that of the boil off gas received at the gas inlet of the ejector; and increasing the pressure of the fluid ejected from the ejector to produce increased pressure ejected fluid. 2. The method recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of mixing the combined liquefied natural gas and boil off gas ejected from the ejector to disperse the boil off gas within the liquefied natural gas. 3. The method recited in claim 2, further comprising the step of separating boil off gas from the liquefied natural gas ejected from the ejector. 4. The method recited in claim 3, further comprising the step of receiving the separated boil off gas at one of a compressor and the ejector. 5. The method recited in claim 1, wherein the pressure of the increased pressure ejected fluid is increased to a pressure greater than the increased pressure liquefied natural gas. 6. The method recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of joining the increased pressure ejected fluid with increased pressure liquefied natural gas. 7. The method recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of controlling flow of the boil off gas and increased pressure liquefied natural gas into the ejector to achieve prescribed ejector output flow characteristics. 8. A method of increasing output of liquefied natural gas from a storage tank, the method comprising the steps of:
extracting liquefied natural gas from the storage tank; increasing the pressure of the extracted liquefied natural gas to a first liquefied natural gas pressure; extracting boil off gas from the storage tank; liquefying at least a portion of the extracted boil off gas by combining the extracted boil off gas with a portion of the extracted liquefied natural gas at the first liquefied natural gas pressure to produce a combined fluid; and increasing the pressure of the combined fluid. 9. The method recited in claim 8, wherein the combined fluid includes boil off gas and liquefied natural gas, the method further comprising the step of mixing the combined fluid to disperse the boil off gas within the liquefied natural gas. 10. The method recited in claim 9, further comprising the step of separating the boil off gas from the liquefied natural gas. 11. The method recited in claim 10, further comprising the step of directing the separated boil off gas to a compressor. 12. The method recited in claim 8, further comprising the step of controlling the fluid flow of the combined fluid through the use of a valve. 13. The method recited in claim 8, wherein the pressure of the combined fluid is increased to a combined fluid pressure greater than the first liquefied natural gas pressure. 14. The method recited in claim 8, further comprising directing the combined fluid and at least a portion of the extracted liquefied natural gas to a vaporizer. 15. The method recited in claim 8, further comprising the step of controlling flow of the extracted boil off gas and extracted liquefied natural to achieve prescribed flow characteristics of the combined fluid. 16. A gas recondensing system comprising:
a first pump disposable in communication with a storage tank configured for storing liquefied natural gas and boil off gas, the first pump being configured to receive the liquefied natural gas from the storage tank at a first inlet pressure and output liquefied natural gas at a first output pressure greater than the first inlet pressure; an ejector disposable in communication with the storage tank to receive boil off gas therefrom at a boil off gas inlet pressure, the ejector further being disposable in communication with the first pump to receive liquefied natural gas at the first output pressure, the ejector being configured to combine the received boil off gas and liquefied natural gas and utilize the first output pressure as a motive force to output the combined liquefied natural gas and boil off gas at an ejector output pressure greater than the boil off gas inlet pressure; and a second pump disposable in communication with the ejector and configured to receive fluid output from the ejector and elevate the pressure thereof to a pressure greater than the first output pressure. 17. The gas recondensing system recited in claim 16, further comprising a mixer in communication with the ejector to receive the combined boil off gas and liquefied natural gas to disperse the boil off gas within the liquefied gas. 18. The gas recondensing system recited in claim 17, further comprising a separator in communication with the mixer to receive fluid output from the mixer and separate boil off gas from the liquefied natural gas. 19. The gas recondensing system recited in claim 18, wherein the separator includes a fluid inlet configured to receive the fluid output from the mixer, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, the gas outlet being configured to output separated boil off gas, and the liquid outlet being configured to output separate liquefied natural gas. 20. The gas recondensing system recited in claim 16, further comprising a valve disposed fluidly between the ejector and the second pump, the valve being configured to control the flow of fluid into the second pump to create a desired fluid pressure downstream of the ejector. | A method of recondensing boil off gas includes receiving liquefied natural gas from a storage tank and increasing the pressure of the received liquefied natural gas to produce increased pressure liquefied natural gas. The method further includes receiving boil off gas from the storage tank at a gas inlet of an ejector, and receiving the increased pressure liquefied natural gas at a liquefied gas inlet of the ejector. The pressure of the increased pressure liquefied gas is used as a motive force to eject combined liquefied natural gas and boil off gas at a pressure greater than that of the boil off gas received at the gas inlet of the ejector. The method additionally includes increasing the pressure of the fluid ejected from the ejector to produce increased pressure ejected fluid.1. A method of recondensing boil off gas, the method comprising the steps of:
receiving liquefied natural gas from a storage tank; increasing the pressure of the received liquefied natural gas to produce increased pressure liquefied natural gas; receiving boil off gas from the storage tank at a gas inlet of an ejector; receiving the increased pressure liquefied natural gas at a liquefied natural gas inlet of the ejector; utilizing the pressure of the increased pressure liquefied natural gas as a motive force to eject combined liquefied natural gas and boil off gas at a pressure greater than that of the boil off gas received at the gas inlet of the ejector; and increasing the pressure of the fluid ejected from the ejector to produce increased pressure ejected fluid. 2. The method recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of mixing the combined liquefied natural gas and boil off gas ejected from the ejector to disperse the boil off gas within the liquefied natural gas. 3. The method recited in claim 2, further comprising the step of separating boil off gas from the liquefied natural gas ejected from the ejector. 4. The method recited in claim 3, further comprising the step of receiving the separated boil off gas at one of a compressor and the ejector. 5. The method recited in claim 1, wherein the pressure of the increased pressure ejected fluid is increased to a pressure greater than the increased pressure liquefied natural gas. 6. The method recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of joining the increased pressure ejected fluid with increased pressure liquefied natural gas. 7. The method recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of controlling flow of the boil off gas and increased pressure liquefied natural gas into the ejector to achieve prescribed ejector output flow characteristics. 8. A method of increasing output of liquefied natural gas from a storage tank, the method comprising the steps of:
extracting liquefied natural gas from the storage tank; increasing the pressure of the extracted liquefied natural gas to a first liquefied natural gas pressure; extracting boil off gas from the storage tank; liquefying at least a portion of the extracted boil off gas by combining the extracted boil off gas with a portion of the extracted liquefied natural gas at the first liquefied natural gas pressure to produce a combined fluid; and increasing the pressure of the combined fluid. 9. The method recited in claim 8, wherein the combined fluid includes boil off gas and liquefied natural gas, the method further comprising the step of mixing the combined fluid to disperse the boil off gas within the liquefied natural gas. 10. The method recited in claim 9, further comprising the step of separating the boil off gas from the liquefied natural gas. 11. The method recited in claim 10, further comprising the step of directing the separated boil off gas to a compressor. 12. The method recited in claim 8, further comprising the step of controlling the fluid flow of the combined fluid through the use of a valve. 13. The method recited in claim 8, wherein the pressure of the combined fluid is increased to a combined fluid pressure greater than the first liquefied natural gas pressure. 14. The method recited in claim 8, further comprising directing the combined fluid and at least a portion of the extracted liquefied natural gas to a vaporizer. 15. The method recited in claim 8, further comprising the step of controlling flow of the extracted boil off gas and extracted liquefied natural to achieve prescribed flow characteristics of the combined fluid. 16. A gas recondensing system comprising:
a first pump disposable in communication with a storage tank configured for storing liquefied natural gas and boil off gas, the first pump being configured to receive the liquefied natural gas from the storage tank at a first inlet pressure and output liquefied natural gas at a first output pressure greater than the first inlet pressure; an ejector disposable in communication with the storage tank to receive boil off gas therefrom at a boil off gas inlet pressure, the ejector further being disposable in communication with the first pump to receive liquefied natural gas at the first output pressure, the ejector being configured to combine the received boil off gas and liquefied natural gas and utilize the first output pressure as a motive force to output the combined liquefied natural gas and boil off gas at an ejector output pressure greater than the boil off gas inlet pressure; and a second pump disposable in communication with the ejector and configured to receive fluid output from the ejector and elevate the pressure thereof to a pressure greater than the first output pressure. 17. The gas recondensing system recited in claim 16, further comprising a mixer in communication with the ejector to receive the combined boil off gas and liquefied natural gas to disperse the boil off gas within the liquefied gas. 18. The gas recondensing system recited in claim 17, further comprising a separator in communication with the mixer to receive fluid output from the mixer and separate boil off gas from the liquefied natural gas. 19. The gas recondensing system recited in claim 18, wherein the separator includes a fluid inlet configured to receive the fluid output from the mixer, a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, the gas outlet being configured to output separated boil off gas, and the liquid outlet being configured to output separate liquefied natural gas. 20. The gas recondensing system recited in claim 16, further comprising a valve disposed fluidly between the ejector and the second pump, the valve being configured to control the flow of fluid into the second pump to create a desired fluid pressure downstream of the ejector. | 2,800 |
346,549 | 16,805,016 | 2,852 | A solar cell module which exhibits high output while ensuring connection strength between solar cells; and a solar cell suitable for the solar cell module. In the solar cell, a region on a first surface and at a first edge of a substrate that is not covered by a p-type transparent oxide electrode layer is defined as a “region A,” and a region on the first surface and at a second edge opposite to the first edge of the substrate and not covered by the p-type transparent oxide electrode layer is defined as a “region B.” The area of the region A is larger than the area of the region B. | 1. A double-sided electrode type solar cell, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; a p-type semiconductor layer on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate; a transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate and the p-type semiconductor layer; an n-type semiconductor layer on a second surface of the of the semiconductor substrate; and a transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate and the n-type semiconductor layer, wherein on the first surface and at a first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the p-type semiconductor layer not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type is defined as a “region A”, on the first surface and at a second edge opposite to the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the p-type semiconductor layer not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type is defined as a “region B”, and an area of the region A is larger than an area of the region B. 2. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein a length of the region B along a direction connecting the first edge and the second edge is less than 2 times a thickness of the semiconductor substrate. 3. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein
on the second surface and at the second edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region D”, and an area of the region D is smaller than or equal to the area of the region B. 4. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and an area of the region C is larger than the area of the region B. 5. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, further comprises a metal electrode layer for n-type on and electrically connected to the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type, wherein
a light receiving side of the double-sided electrode type solar cell faces the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the first metal electrode layer at least partially covers region A. 6. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 5, further comprises a second metal electrode layer on the second transparent oxide electrode layer and electrically connected to the second transparent oxide electrode layer, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and an area where the metal electrode layer for n-type covers the oxide electrode layer for n-type is smaller than or equal to an area of the transparent oxide electrode for n-type, and does not overlap with the region C. 7. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, further comprises a metal electrode layer for n-type on and electrically connected to the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and a light receiving side of the double-sided electrode type solar cell faces the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the metal electrode layer for n-type at least partially covers region C. 8. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 7, further comprises a second metal electrode layer on the second transparent oxide electrode layer and electrically connected to the second transparent oxide electrode layer, wherein
an area where the second metal electrode layer covers the second oxide electrode layer is smaller than or equal to an area of the second transparent oxide electrode, and does not overlap with the region C. 9. A solar cell module, comprising at least one cell string, wherein each solar cell string of the at least one cell string comprises:
at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells according to claim 1, wherein a first double-sided electrode type solar cell of the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells is electrically connected to a second double-sided electrode type solar cell adjacent to the first double-sided electrode type solar cell by a conductive adhesive, wherein a first side of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell overlaps with a second side of the second double-sided electrode type solar cell, and the conductive adhesive is electrically connected to the first side of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell and the second side of the second double-sided electrode type solar cell. 10. The solar cell module according to claim 9, wherein
in the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells, a light receiving side faces the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and region A of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded by the second double-sided electrode type solar cell, or in the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells, on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, a light receiving side faces the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, and region C of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded by the second double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded. | A solar cell module which exhibits high output while ensuring connection strength between solar cells; and a solar cell suitable for the solar cell module. In the solar cell, a region on a first surface and at a first edge of a substrate that is not covered by a p-type transparent oxide electrode layer is defined as a “region A,” and a region on the first surface and at a second edge opposite to the first edge of the substrate and not covered by the p-type transparent oxide electrode layer is defined as a “region B.” The area of the region A is larger than the area of the region B.1. A double-sided electrode type solar cell, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; a p-type semiconductor layer on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate; a transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate and the p-type semiconductor layer; an n-type semiconductor layer on a second surface of the of the semiconductor substrate; and a transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate and the n-type semiconductor layer, wherein on the first surface and at a first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the p-type semiconductor layer not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type is defined as a “region A”, on the first surface and at a second edge opposite to the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the p-type semiconductor layer not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type is defined as a “region B”, and an area of the region A is larger than an area of the region B. 2. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein a length of the region B along a direction connecting the first edge and the second edge is less than 2 times a thickness of the semiconductor substrate. 3. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein
on the second surface and at the second edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region D”, and an area of the region D is smaller than or equal to the area of the region B. 4. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and an area of the region C is larger than the area of the region B. 5. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, further comprises a metal electrode layer for n-type on and electrically connected to the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type, wherein
a light receiving side of the double-sided electrode type solar cell faces the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the first metal electrode layer at least partially covers region A. 6. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 5, further comprises a second metal electrode layer on the second transparent oxide electrode layer and electrically connected to the second transparent oxide electrode layer, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and an area where the metal electrode layer for n-type covers the oxide electrode layer for n-type is smaller than or equal to an area of the transparent oxide electrode for n-type, and does not overlap with the region C. 7. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, further comprises a metal electrode layer for n-type on and electrically connected to the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and a light receiving side of the double-sided electrode type solar cell faces the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the metal electrode layer for n-type at least partially covers region C. 8. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 7, further comprises a second metal electrode layer on the second transparent oxide electrode layer and electrically connected to the second transparent oxide electrode layer, wherein
an area where the second metal electrode layer covers the second oxide electrode layer is smaller than or equal to an area of the second transparent oxide electrode, and does not overlap with the region C. 9. A solar cell module, comprising at least one cell string, wherein each solar cell string of the at least one cell string comprises:
at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells according to claim 1, wherein a first double-sided electrode type solar cell of the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells is electrically connected to a second double-sided electrode type solar cell adjacent to the first double-sided electrode type solar cell by a conductive adhesive, wherein a first side of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell overlaps with a second side of the second double-sided electrode type solar cell, and the conductive adhesive is electrically connected to the first side of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell and the second side of the second double-sided electrode type solar cell. 10. The solar cell module according to claim 9, wherein
in the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells, a light receiving side faces the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and region A of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded by the second double-sided electrode type solar cell, or in the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells, on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, a light receiving side faces the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, and region C of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded by the second double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded. | 2,800 |
346,550 | 16,805,011 | 2,852 | A solar cell module which exhibits high output while ensuring connection strength between solar cells; and a solar cell suitable for the solar cell module. In the solar cell, a region on a first surface and at a first edge of a substrate that is not covered by a p-type transparent oxide electrode layer is defined as a “region A,” and a region on the first surface and at a second edge opposite to the first edge of the substrate and not covered by the p-type transparent oxide electrode layer is defined as a “region B.” The area of the region A is larger than the area of the region B. | 1. A double-sided electrode type solar cell, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; a p-type semiconductor layer on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate; a transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate and the p-type semiconductor layer; an n-type semiconductor layer on a second surface of the of the semiconductor substrate; and a transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate and the n-type semiconductor layer, wherein on the first surface and at a first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the p-type semiconductor layer not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type is defined as a “region A”, on the first surface and at a second edge opposite to the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the p-type semiconductor layer not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type is defined as a “region B”, and an area of the region A is larger than an area of the region B. 2. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein a length of the region B along a direction connecting the first edge and the second edge is less than 2 times a thickness of the semiconductor substrate. 3. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein
on the second surface and at the second edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region D”, and an area of the region D is smaller than or equal to the area of the region B. 4. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and an area of the region C is larger than the area of the region B. 5. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, further comprises a metal electrode layer for n-type on and electrically connected to the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type, wherein
a light receiving side of the double-sided electrode type solar cell faces the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the first metal electrode layer at least partially covers region A. 6. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 5, further comprises a second metal electrode layer on the second transparent oxide electrode layer and electrically connected to the second transparent oxide electrode layer, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and an area where the metal electrode layer for n-type covers the oxide electrode layer for n-type is smaller than or equal to an area of the transparent oxide electrode for n-type, and does not overlap with the region C. 7. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, further comprises a metal electrode layer for n-type on and electrically connected to the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and a light receiving side of the double-sided electrode type solar cell faces the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the metal electrode layer for n-type at least partially covers region C. 8. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 7, further comprises a second metal electrode layer on the second transparent oxide electrode layer and electrically connected to the second transparent oxide electrode layer, wherein
an area where the second metal electrode layer covers the second oxide electrode layer is smaller than or equal to an area of the second transparent oxide electrode, and does not overlap with the region C. 9. A solar cell module, comprising at least one cell string, wherein each solar cell string of the at least one cell string comprises:
at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells according to claim 1, wherein a first double-sided electrode type solar cell of the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells is electrically connected to a second double-sided electrode type solar cell adjacent to the first double-sided electrode type solar cell by a conductive adhesive, wherein a first side of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell overlaps with a second side of the second double-sided electrode type solar cell, and the conductive adhesive is electrically connected to the first side of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell and the second side of the second double-sided electrode type solar cell. 10. The solar cell module according to claim 9, wherein
in the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells, a light receiving side faces the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and region A of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded by the second double-sided electrode type solar cell, or in the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells, on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, a light receiving side faces the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, and region C of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded by the second double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded. | A solar cell module which exhibits high output while ensuring connection strength between solar cells; and a solar cell suitable for the solar cell module. In the solar cell, a region on a first surface and at a first edge of a substrate that is not covered by a p-type transparent oxide electrode layer is defined as a “region A,” and a region on the first surface and at a second edge opposite to the first edge of the substrate and not covered by the p-type transparent oxide electrode layer is defined as a “region B.” The area of the region A is larger than the area of the region B.1. A double-sided electrode type solar cell, comprising:
a semiconductor substrate; a p-type semiconductor layer on a first surface of the semiconductor substrate; a transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate and the p-type semiconductor layer; an n-type semiconductor layer on a second surface of the of the semiconductor substrate; and a transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate and the n-type semiconductor layer, wherein on the first surface and at a first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the p-type semiconductor layer not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type is defined as a “region A”, on the first surface and at a second edge opposite to the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the p-type semiconductor layer not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for p-type is defined as a “region B”, and an area of the region A is larger than an area of the region B. 2. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein a length of the region B along a direction connecting the first edge and the second edge is less than 2 times a thickness of the semiconductor substrate. 3. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein
on the second surface and at the second edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region D”, and an area of the region D is smaller than or equal to the area of the region B. 4. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and an area of the region C is larger than the area of the region B. 5. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, further comprises a metal electrode layer for n-type on and electrically connected to the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type, wherein
a light receiving side of the double-sided electrode type solar cell faces the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the first metal electrode layer at least partially covers region A. 6. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 5, further comprises a second metal electrode layer on the second transparent oxide electrode layer and electrically connected to the second transparent oxide electrode layer, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and an area where the metal electrode layer for n-type covers the oxide electrode layer for n-type is smaller than or equal to an area of the transparent oxide electrode for n-type, and does not overlap with the region C. 7. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 1, further comprises a metal electrode layer for n-type on and electrically connected to the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type, wherein
on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, and a light receiving side of the double-sided electrode type solar cell faces the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the metal electrode layer for n-type at least partially covers region C. 8. The double-sided electrode type solar cell according to claim 7, further comprises a second metal electrode layer on the second transparent oxide electrode layer and electrically connected to the second transparent oxide electrode layer, wherein
an area where the second metal electrode layer covers the second oxide electrode layer is smaller than or equal to an area of the second transparent oxide electrode, and does not overlap with the region C. 9. A solar cell module, comprising at least one cell string, wherein each solar cell string of the at least one cell string comprises:
at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells according to claim 1, wherein a first double-sided electrode type solar cell of the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells is electrically connected to a second double-sided electrode type solar cell adjacent to the first double-sided electrode type solar cell by a conductive adhesive, wherein a first side of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell overlaps with a second side of the second double-sided electrode type solar cell, and the conductive adhesive is electrically connected to the first side of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell and the second side of the second double-sided electrode type solar cell. 10. The solar cell module according to claim 9, wherein
in the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells, a light receiving side faces the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, and region A of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded by the second double-sided electrode type solar cell, or in the at least two double-sided electrode type solar cells, on the second surface and at the first edge of the semiconductor substrate, a region of the n-type semiconductor layer that is not covered by the transparent oxide electrode layer for n-type is defined as a “region C”, a light receiving side faces the second surface of the semiconductor substrate, and region C of the first double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded by the second double-sided electrode type solar cell is shielded. | 2,800 |
346,551 | 16,805,030 | 1,794 | An etching apparatus includes a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate, a first ion source that generates first ions and irradiates the substrate with the first ions such that the first ions are incident on the substrate in the substrate holder at a first incident angle, and a second ion source that generates second ions and irradiates the substrate with the second ions such that the second ions are incident on the substrate at a second incident angle different from the first incident angle. A controller is provided that controls at least one of the first incident angle and the second incident angle by moving at least one of the first ion source and the second ion source. | 1. An etching apparatus, comprising:
a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate; a first ion source that generates first ions and irradiates the substrate with the first ions such that the first ions are incident on the substrate in the substrate holder at a first incident angle; a second ion source that generates second ions and irradiates the substrate with the second ions such that the second ions are incident on the substrate at a second incident angle different from the first incident angle; and a controller configured to control at least one of the first incident angle and the second incident angle by moving at least one of the first ion source and the second ion source. 2. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section can move the first ion source angle and the second ion source independently of one another. 3. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first or second ion source includes a grid electrode. 4. The etching apparatus according claim 1, wherein the first ions and the second ions etch a pattern on the substrate. 5. The etching apparatus according claim 1, wherein the first ions and the second ions are a same type of ion. 6. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a rail upon which the first ion source is mounted so as to be moveable along the rail to change the first incident angle. 7. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the first and second ion sources to simultaneously irradiate the substrate with the first and second ions. 8. The etching apparatus according claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the first and second ion sources to alternately irradiate the substrate with the first or second ions. 9. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate holder is configured to rotate the substrate. 10. The etching apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to control the first and second ion sources to irradiate the substrate such that a pattern on the substrate is oriented to align with an incidence direction of the first or second ions irradiated from the first or second ion sources, respectively. 11. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first ions are argon ions. 12. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a substate load lock configured to receive a substrate carrier; a transfer chamber configured to receive the substrate from the substrate load lock; and a transfer apparatus in the transfer chamber configured to move the substrate from the transfer chamber to the substrate holder. 13. The etching apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:
a plurality of etch chambers connected to the transfer chamber, wherein the substrate holder is in a first etch chamber of the plurality of etch chambers. 14. An etch tool, comprising:
a first etch chamber including:
a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate;
a first ion source configured to generate first ions and irradiate the substrate in the etch chamber with the first ions from a first incident angle;
a second ion source configured to generate second ions and irradiate the substrate in the etch chamber with the second ions from a second incident angle that is different from the first incident angle; and
a controller that controls etching of the substrate by setting at least one of the first incident angle and the second incident angle by moving at least one of the first ion source and the second ion source. 15. The etch tool according to claim 14, wherein the substrate holder is configured to rotate the substrate. 16. The etch tool according to claim 15, wherein the first and second ion sources are each independently moveable in such a manner as to vary the first and second incident angles independently. 17. The etch tool according to claim 14, further comprising:
a substate load lock configured to receive a substrate carrier; a transfer chamber configured to receive the substrate from the substrate load lock; a transfer apparatus in the transfer chamber configured to move the substrate from the transfer chamber to the substrate holder; and a second etch chamber connected to the transfer chamber. 18. An etching method, comprising:
placing a substrate in a substrate holder, the substrate having a first film and a pattern thereon, the pattern including a portion extending in a first direction; irradiating the substrate with first ions incident on the substrate at a first incident angle, the first ions being generated by a first ion source; irradiating the substrate with second ions incident on the substrate at a second incident angle that is different from the first incident angle, the second ions being generated by a second ion source; and etching the first film while rotating the substrate and controlling irradiation per unit time from the first ion source and the second ion source to be a first intensity when the substrate is oriented such that first ions are incident on the pattern from a direction parallel to the first direction and reducing irradiation per unit time of the first ions and the second ions to a second intensity when the first ions are incident on the pattern from a second direction different from the first direction. 19. The etching method according to claim 18, wherein the first and second ions are each argon ions. 20. The etching method according to claim 18, further comprising:
adjusting the second incident angle to reduce re-deposition of material on the pattern. | An etching apparatus includes a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate, a first ion source that generates first ions and irradiates the substrate with the first ions such that the first ions are incident on the substrate in the substrate holder at a first incident angle, and a second ion source that generates second ions and irradiates the substrate with the second ions such that the second ions are incident on the substrate at a second incident angle different from the first incident angle. A controller is provided that controls at least one of the first incident angle and the second incident angle by moving at least one of the first ion source and the second ion source.1. An etching apparatus, comprising:
a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate; a first ion source that generates first ions and irradiates the substrate with the first ions such that the first ions are incident on the substrate in the substrate holder at a first incident angle; a second ion source that generates second ions and irradiates the substrate with the second ions such that the second ions are incident on the substrate at a second incident angle different from the first incident angle; and a controller configured to control at least one of the first incident angle and the second incident angle by moving at least one of the first ion source and the second ion source. 2. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control section can move the first ion source angle and the second ion source independently of one another. 3. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first or second ion source includes a grid electrode. 4. The etching apparatus according claim 1, wherein the first ions and the second ions etch a pattern on the substrate. 5. The etching apparatus according claim 1, wherein the first ions and the second ions are a same type of ion. 6. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a rail upon which the first ion source is mounted so as to be moveable along the rail to change the first incident angle. 7. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the first and second ion sources to simultaneously irradiate the substrate with the first and second ions. 8. The etching apparatus according claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the first and second ion sources to alternately irradiate the substrate with the first or second ions. 9. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the substrate holder is configured to rotate the substrate. 10. The etching apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to control the first and second ion sources to irradiate the substrate such that a pattern on the substrate is oriented to align with an incidence direction of the first or second ions irradiated from the first or second ion sources, respectively. 11. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first ions are argon ions. 12. The etching apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a substate load lock configured to receive a substrate carrier; a transfer chamber configured to receive the substrate from the substrate load lock; and a transfer apparatus in the transfer chamber configured to move the substrate from the transfer chamber to the substrate holder. 13. The etching apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:
a plurality of etch chambers connected to the transfer chamber, wherein the substrate holder is in a first etch chamber of the plurality of etch chambers. 14. An etch tool, comprising:
a first etch chamber including:
a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate;
a first ion source configured to generate first ions and irradiate the substrate in the etch chamber with the first ions from a first incident angle;
a second ion source configured to generate second ions and irradiate the substrate in the etch chamber with the second ions from a second incident angle that is different from the first incident angle; and
a controller that controls etching of the substrate by setting at least one of the first incident angle and the second incident angle by moving at least one of the first ion source and the second ion source. 15. The etch tool according to claim 14, wherein the substrate holder is configured to rotate the substrate. 16. The etch tool according to claim 15, wherein the first and second ion sources are each independently moveable in such a manner as to vary the first and second incident angles independently. 17. The etch tool according to claim 14, further comprising:
a substate load lock configured to receive a substrate carrier; a transfer chamber configured to receive the substrate from the substrate load lock; a transfer apparatus in the transfer chamber configured to move the substrate from the transfer chamber to the substrate holder; and a second etch chamber connected to the transfer chamber. 18. An etching method, comprising:
placing a substrate in a substrate holder, the substrate having a first film and a pattern thereon, the pattern including a portion extending in a first direction; irradiating the substrate with first ions incident on the substrate at a first incident angle, the first ions being generated by a first ion source; irradiating the substrate with second ions incident on the substrate at a second incident angle that is different from the first incident angle, the second ions being generated by a second ion source; and etching the first film while rotating the substrate and controlling irradiation per unit time from the first ion source and the second ion source to be a first intensity when the substrate is oriented such that first ions are incident on the pattern from a direction parallel to the first direction and reducing irradiation per unit time of the first ions and the second ions to a second intensity when the first ions are incident on the pattern from a second direction different from the first direction. 19. The etching method according to claim 18, wherein the first and second ions are each argon ions. 20. The etching method according to claim 18, further comprising:
adjusting the second incident angle to reduce re-deposition of material on the pattern. | 1,700 |
346,552 | 16,805,012 | 1,794 | A multi-level converter includes a plurality of capacitors coupled in series between first and second nodes of a DC port and coupled to one another at n−2 first intermediate nodes. The converter also includes a switching circuit including at least one first switch configured to couple the first node of the DC port to an input/output node, at least one second switch configured to couple the second node of the DC port to the input/output node, and at least three third switches configured to couple respective ones of the first intermediate nodes to the input/output node. The converter further includes a control circuit configured to control the first, second and third switches to provide an n-level converter. | 1. A multi-level converter comprising:
a plurality of capacitors coupled in series between the first and second nodes of a DC port and coupled to one another at first intermediate nodes; and a switching circuit comprising:
first and second switch branches coupled in series between the first node of the DC port and an input/output node and coupled to one another at a second intermediate node;
third and fourth switch branches coupled in series between the second node of the DC port and the input/output node and coupled to one another at a third intermediate node;
a fifth switch branch coupled between a first one of first intermediate nodes and the input/output node;
a sixth switch branch coupled between a second one of the first intermediate nodes and the second intermediate node; and
a seventh switch branch coupled between a third one of the first intermediate nodes and the third intermediate node. 2. The multi-level converter of claim 1, wherein the fifth switch branch comprises two switches coupled in series, and wherein the first, second, third, fourth, sixth and seventh switch branches each comprise a single switch. 3. The multi-level converter of claim 2, wherein the switches of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh switch branches comprise transistors with respective diodes coupled in parallel therewith. 4. The multi-level converter of claim 2 wherein the switches of one of first, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh switch branches have a first voltage rating less than a second voltage rating of the switches of the second and third switch branches. 5. The multi-level converter of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to operate the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh switch branches to produce an AC voltage. 6. The multi-level converter of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to selectively activate respective triplets of the first and second switch branches for respective ranges of the AC voltage. 7. The multi-level converter of claim 1, further comprising:
an eighth switch branch coupled to the first node of the DC port and coupled to the first switch branch at a fourth intermediate node; a ninth switch branch coupled to the second node of the DC port and coupled to the fourth switch branch at a fifth intermediate node; a tenth switch branch coupled between a fourth one of the first intermediate nodes and the fourth intermediate node; and an eleventh switch branch coupled between a fifth one of the first intermediate nodes and the fifth intermediate node. 8. The multi-level converter of claim 1, further comprising an inductor coupled to the input/output node. 9. The multi-level converter of claim 1, further comprising:
a first diode coupled between the first node of the DC port and the input/output node; and a second diode coupled between the second node of the DC port and the input output node. 10. The multi-level converter of claim 1, further comprising:
a first switch coupled between the first node of the DC port and the input/output node; and a second switch coupled between the second node of the DC port and the input output node. | A multi-level converter includes a plurality of capacitors coupled in series between first and second nodes of a DC port and coupled to one another at n−2 first intermediate nodes. The converter also includes a switching circuit including at least one first switch configured to couple the first node of the DC port to an input/output node, at least one second switch configured to couple the second node of the DC port to the input/output node, and at least three third switches configured to couple respective ones of the first intermediate nodes to the input/output node. The converter further includes a control circuit configured to control the first, second and third switches to provide an n-level converter.1. A multi-level converter comprising:
a plurality of capacitors coupled in series between the first and second nodes of a DC port and coupled to one another at first intermediate nodes; and a switching circuit comprising:
first and second switch branches coupled in series between the first node of the DC port and an input/output node and coupled to one another at a second intermediate node;
third and fourth switch branches coupled in series between the second node of the DC port and the input/output node and coupled to one another at a third intermediate node;
a fifth switch branch coupled between a first one of first intermediate nodes and the input/output node;
a sixth switch branch coupled between a second one of the first intermediate nodes and the second intermediate node; and
a seventh switch branch coupled between a third one of the first intermediate nodes and the third intermediate node. 2. The multi-level converter of claim 1, wherein the fifth switch branch comprises two switches coupled in series, and wherein the first, second, third, fourth, sixth and seventh switch branches each comprise a single switch. 3. The multi-level converter of claim 2, wherein the switches of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh switch branches comprise transistors with respective diodes coupled in parallel therewith. 4. The multi-level converter of claim 2 wherein the switches of one of first, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh switch branches have a first voltage rating less than a second voltage rating of the switches of the second and third switch branches. 5. The multi-level converter of claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to operate the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh switch branches to produce an AC voltage. 6. The multi-level converter of claim 5, wherein the controller is configured to selectively activate respective triplets of the first and second switch branches for respective ranges of the AC voltage. 7. The multi-level converter of claim 1, further comprising:
an eighth switch branch coupled to the first node of the DC port and coupled to the first switch branch at a fourth intermediate node; a ninth switch branch coupled to the second node of the DC port and coupled to the fourth switch branch at a fifth intermediate node; a tenth switch branch coupled between a fourth one of the first intermediate nodes and the fourth intermediate node; and an eleventh switch branch coupled between a fifth one of the first intermediate nodes and the fifth intermediate node. 8. The multi-level converter of claim 1, further comprising an inductor coupled to the input/output node. 9. The multi-level converter of claim 1, further comprising:
a first diode coupled between the first node of the DC port and the input/output node; and a second diode coupled between the second node of the DC port and the input output node. 10. The multi-level converter of claim 1, further comprising:
a first switch coupled between the first node of the DC port and the input/output node; and a second switch coupled between the second node of the DC port and the input output node. | 1,700 |
346,553 | 16,805,007 | 1,794 | A distributed computing system is provided. Both a first computing node and a second computing node in the distributed computing system store information about a name, a size, and a communication peer side identifier of a first data flow graph parameter in a data flow graph. The first computing node stores the first data flow graph parameter, where the first computing node and the second computing node generate respective triplets based on same interface parameter generation algorithms and information about the first data flow graph parameter that are stored in the respective nodes. The triplet is used as an interface parameter of a message passing interface (MPI) primitive that is used to transmit the first data flow graph parameter between the first computing node and the second computing node. | 1. A distributed computing system, comprising:
a first computing node and a second computing node, a first graph data structure in the first computing node that stores a name, a size, and a communication peer side identifier of a first data flow graph parameter in a first data flow graph, wherein the first data flow graph parameter is a parameter carried by a connection edge of the first data flow graph, a second graph data structure in the second computing node that stores the name, the size, and a communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in a second data flow graph, the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the first data flow graph corresponds to the second computing node, and the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the second data flow graph corresponds to the first computing node; wherein the first computing node is configured to generate a first triplet based on the name, the size, and the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the first graph data structure according to a first interface parameter generation algorithm, wherein the first triplet comprises a message tag, a message size, and a destination process sequence number, the message tag corresponds to the name of the first data flow graph parameter, the message size corresponds to the size of the first data flow graph parameter, and the destination process sequence number corresponds to a process that is on the second computing node and that receives the first data flow graph parameter; wherein the second computing node is configured to generate a second triplet based on the name, the size, and the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the second graph data structure according to a second interface parameter generation algorithm, wherein the second interface parameter generation algorithm is the same as the first interface parameter generation algorithm, the second triplet comprises the message tag, the message size, and a source process sequence number, and the source process sequence number corresponds to a process that is on the first computing node and that sends the first data flow graph parameter; wherein the first computing node is configured to invoke a message passing interface (MPI) sending primitive by using the first triplet as an interface parameter, to send the first data flow graph parameter to the second computing node; and wherein the second computing node is configured to invoke an MPI receiving primitive based on the second triplet to process the first data flow graph parameter. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first computing node is configured to read the first data flow graph parameter from a host memory in the first computing node by using the first triplet as the interface parameter and by using the MPI sending primitive to send the first data flow graph parameter to the second computing node. 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the first computing node further stores information about a storage device in which the first data flow graph parameter is located, the information about the storage device indicates another storage device, and the first computing node is further configured to: copy the first data flow graph parameter from the other storage device into the host memory in the first computing node, wherein the other storage device is a memory in the first computing node other than the host memory. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first interface parameter generation algorithm comprises a first algorithm, a second algorithm, and a third algorithm, and the first computing node is configured to:
determine the message tag in the first triplet based on the name of the first data flow graph parameter in the first graph data structure according to the first algorithm, determine the message size in the first triplet based on the size of the first data flow graph parameter in the first graph data structure according to the second algorithm, and determine the destination process sequence number in the first triplet based on the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the first graph data structure according to the third algorithm; and the second computing node is configured to: determine the message tag in the second triplet based on the name of the first data flow graph parameter in the second graph data structure according to a first algorithm in the second interface parameter generation algorithm, determine the message size in the second triplet based on the size of the first data flow graph parameter in the second graph data structure according to a second algorithm in the second interface parameter generation algorithm, and determine the source process sequence number in the second triplet based on the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the second graph data structure according to a third algorithm in the second interface parameter generation algorithm. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein
the second computing node is configured to: detect a data cache in a host memory in the second computing node by using an MPI probe primitive, and obtain the second triplet of the first data flow graph parameter, the data cache is configured to store data processed by using an MPI primitive, and invoke the MPI receiving primitive to process the first data flow graph parameter, wherein an interface parameter of the MPI receiving primitive comprises the second triplet. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the receiving primitive of the first data flow graph parameter carries a destination address of the first data flow graph parameter, and the second computing node is configured to invoke the MPI receiving primitive by using the second triplet as an interface parameter of the MPI receiving primitive to store the first data flow graph parameter into the destination address from a data cache. 7. A data transmission method of data transmission in a distributed computing system comprising a first computing node and a second computing node, the method comprising:
determining a name, a size, and a communication peer side identifier of a first data flow graph parameter in a first data flow graph from a first graph data structure in the first computing node, wherein the first data flow graph parameter is a parameter carried by a connection edge of the first data flow graph, and the communication peer side identifier corresponds to the second computing node; generating a first triplet based on the name, the size, and the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the first graph data structure according to a first interface parameter generation algorithm, wherein the first triplet comprises a message tag, a message size, and a destination process sequence number, the message tag corresponds to the name of the first data flow graph parameter, the message size corresponds to the size of the first data flow graph parameter, and the destination process sequence number corresponds to a process that is on the second computing node and that receives the first data flow graph parameter; and invoking a message passing interface (MPI) sending primitive by using the first triplet as an interface parameter to send the first data flow graph parameter to the second computing node, so that the second computing node invokes an MPI receiving primitive by using, as an interface parameter, a second triplet corresponding to the first triplet, to process the first data flow graph parameter, wherein the second triplet is generated based on a second graph data structure in the second computing node according to a second interface parameter generation algorithm, and the second interface parameter generation algorithm is the same as the first interface generation algorithm. 8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
reading the first data flow graph parameter from a host memory in the first computing node by using the first triplet as the interface parameter and by using the MPI sending primitive to send the first data flow graph parameter to the second computing node. 9. The method according to claim 8,
wherein the first computing node further stores information about a storage device in which the first data flow graph parameter is located, and the information about the storage device indicates another storage device, and further comprising copying the first data flow graph parameter from the other storage device into the host memory in the first computing node, wherein the other storage device is a memory in the first computing node other than the host memory. 10. A method of data transmission in a distributed computing system comprising a first computing node and a second computing node, the method comprising:
determining a name, a size, and a communication peer side identifier of a first data flow graph parameter in a second data flow graph from a second graph data structure in the second computing node, wherein the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the second data flow graph corresponds to the first computing node; generating a second triplet based on the name, the size, and the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the second graph data structure according to a second interface parameter generation algorithm, wherein the second triplet comprises a message tag, a message size, and a source process sequence number, the message tag corresponds to the name of the first data flow graph parameter, the message size corresponds to the size of the first data flow graph parameter, and the source process sequence number corresponds to a process that is on the first computing node and that sends the first data flow graph parameter; and invoking a message passing interface (MPI) receiving primitive based on the second triplet, to process the first data flow graph parameter from the first computing node, wherein the first data flow graph parameter is sent by the first computing node by using an MPI sending primitive, an interface parameter of the MPI sending primitive comprises a first triplet corresponding to the second triplet, the first triplet is generated by the first computing node based on a first graph data structure in the first computing node according to a first interface parameter generation algorithm, and the second interface parameter generation algorithm is the same as the first interface generation algorithm. 11. The method according to claim 10,
wherein a first thread and a second thread run on the second computing node, a host memory in the second computing node comprises a data cache configured to store data processed based on an MPI primitive, and further comprising: detecting, by the first thread, the data cache in the host memory based on a message passing interface MPI probe primitive to obtain the second triplet; invoking, by the first thread, a first MPI receiving primitive based on a second triplet in the data cache to process the first data flow graph parameter, wherein the second triplet in the data cache is obtained by the second computing node based on the MPI sending primitive; and modifying, by the second thread, a second MPI receiving primitive into an MPI wait primitive after determining that the first data flow graph parameter is processed based on the first MPI receiving primitive, wherein the second MPI receiving primitive is a receiving primitive that is not executed by the second thread and that corresponds to the first data flow graph parameter, an interface parameter of the second MPI receiving primitive comprises a second triplet generated by the second computing node, and the MPI wait primitive is used to wait for completion of execution of the first MPI receiving primitive. | A distributed computing system is provided. Both a first computing node and a second computing node in the distributed computing system store information about a name, a size, and a communication peer side identifier of a first data flow graph parameter in a data flow graph. The first computing node stores the first data flow graph parameter, where the first computing node and the second computing node generate respective triplets based on same interface parameter generation algorithms and information about the first data flow graph parameter that are stored in the respective nodes. The triplet is used as an interface parameter of a message passing interface (MPI) primitive that is used to transmit the first data flow graph parameter between the first computing node and the second computing node.1. A distributed computing system, comprising:
a first computing node and a second computing node, a first graph data structure in the first computing node that stores a name, a size, and a communication peer side identifier of a first data flow graph parameter in a first data flow graph, wherein the first data flow graph parameter is a parameter carried by a connection edge of the first data flow graph, a second graph data structure in the second computing node that stores the name, the size, and a communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in a second data flow graph, the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the first data flow graph corresponds to the second computing node, and the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the second data flow graph corresponds to the first computing node; wherein the first computing node is configured to generate a first triplet based on the name, the size, and the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the first graph data structure according to a first interface parameter generation algorithm, wherein the first triplet comprises a message tag, a message size, and a destination process sequence number, the message tag corresponds to the name of the first data flow graph parameter, the message size corresponds to the size of the first data flow graph parameter, and the destination process sequence number corresponds to a process that is on the second computing node and that receives the first data flow graph parameter; wherein the second computing node is configured to generate a second triplet based on the name, the size, and the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the second graph data structure according to a second interface parameter generation algorithm, wherein the second interface parameter generation algorithm is the same as the first interface parameter generation algorithm, the second triplet comprises the message tag, the message size, and a source process sequence number, and the source process sequence number corresponds to a process that is on the first computing node and that sends the first data flow graph parameter; wherein the first computing node is configured to invoke a message passing interface (MPI) sending primitive by using the first triplet as an interface parameter, to send the first data flow graph parameter to the second computing node; and wherein the second computing node is configured to invoke an MPI receiving primitive based on the second triplet to process the first data flow graph parameter. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first computing node is configured to read the first data flow graph parameter from a host memory in the first computing node by using the first triplet as the interface parameter and by using the MPI sending primitive to send the first data flow graph parameter to the second computing node. 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the first computing node further stores information about a storage device in which the first data flow graph parameter is located, the information about the storage device indicates another storage device, and the first computing node is further configured to: copy the first data flow graph parameter from the other storage device into the host memory in the first computing node, wherein the other storage device is a memory in the first computing node other than the host memory. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first interface parameter generation algorithm comprises a first algorithm, a second algorithm, and a third algorithm, and the first computing node is configured to:
determine the message tag in the first triplet based on the name of the first data flow graph parameter in the first graph data structure according to the first algorithm, determine the message size in the first triplet based on the size of the first data flow graph parameter in the first graph data structure according to the second algorithm, and determine the destination process sequence number in the first triplet based on the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the first graph data structure according to the third algorithm; and the second computing node is configured to: determine the message tag in the second triplet based on the name of the first data flow graph parameter in the second graph data structure according to a first algorithm in the second interface parameter generation algorithm, determine the message size in the second triplet based on the size of the first data flow graph parameter in the second graph data structure according to a second algorithm in the second interface parameter generation algorithm, and determine the source process sequence number in the second triplet based on the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the second graph data structure according to a third algorithm in the second interface parameter generation algorithm. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein
the second computing node is configured to: detect a data cache in a host memory in the second computing node by using an MPI probe primitive, and obtain the second triplet of the first data flow graph parameter, the data cache is configured to store data processed by using an MPI primitive, and invoke the MPI receiving primitive to process the first data flow graph parameter, wherein an interface parameter of the MPI receiving primitive comprises the second triplet. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the receiving primitive of the first data flow graph parameter carries a destination address of the first data flow graph parameter, and the second computing node is configured to invoke the MPI receiving primitive by using the second triplet as an interface parameter of the MPI receiving primitive to store the first data flow graph parameter into the destination address from a data cache. 7. A data transmission method of data transmission in a distributed computing system comprising a first computing node and a second computing node, the method comprising:
determining a name, a size, and a communication peer side identifier of a first data flow graph parameter in a first data flow graph from a first graph data structure in the first computing node, wherein the first data flow graph parameter is a parameter carried by a connection edge of the first data flow graph, and the communication peer side identifier corresponds to the second computing node; generating a first triplet based on the name, the size, and the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the first graph data structure according to a first interface parameter generation algorithm, wherein the first triplet comprises a message tag, a message size, and a destination process sequence number, the message tag corresponds to the name of the first data flow graph parameter, the message size corresponds to the size of the first data flow graph parameter, and the destination process sequence number corresponds to a process that is on the second computing node and that receives the first data flow graph parameter; and invoking a message passing interface (MPI) sending primitive by using the first triplet as an interface parameter to send the first data flow graph parameter to the second computing node, so that the second computing node invokes an MPI receiving primitive by using, as an interface parameter, a second triplet corresponding to the first triplet, to process the first data flow graph parameter, wherein the second triplet is generated based on a second graph data structure in the second computing node according to a second interface parameter generation algorithm, and the second interface parameter generation algorithm is the same as the first interface generation algorithm. 8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
reading the first data flow graph parameter from a host memory in the first computing node by using the first triplet as the interface parameter and by using the MPI sending primitive to send the first data flow graph parameter to the second computing node. 9. The method according to claim 8,
wherein the first computing node further stores information about a storage device in which the first data flow graph parameter is located, and the information about the storage device indicates another storage device, and further comprising copying the first data flow graph parameter from the other storage device into the host memory in the first computing node, wherein the other storage device is a memory in the first computing node other than the host memory. 10. A method of data transmission in a distributed computing system comprising a first computing node and a second computing node, the method comprising:
determining a name, a size, and a communication peer side identifier of a first data flow graph parameter in a second data flow graph from a second graph data structure in the second computing node, wherein the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the second data flow graph corresponds to the first computing node; generating a second triplet based on the name, the size, and the communication peer side identifier of the first data flow graph parameter in the second graph data structure according to a second interface parameter generation algorithm, wherein the second triplet comprises a message tag, a message size, and a source process sequence number, the message tag corresponds to the name of the first data flow graph parameter, the message size corresponds to the size of the first data flow graph parameter, and the source process sequence number corresponds to a process that is on the first computing node and that sends the first data flow graph parameter; and invoking a message passing interface (MPI) receiving primitive based on the second triplet, to process the first data flow graph parameter from the first computing node, wherein the first data flow graph parameter is sent by the first computing node by using an MPI sending primitive, an interface parameter of the MPI sending primitive comprises a first triplet corresponding to the second triplet, the first triplet is generated by the first computing node based on a first graph data structure in the first computing node according to a first interface parameter generation algorithm, and the second interface parameter generation algorithm is the same as the first interface generation algorithm. 11. The method according to claim 10,
wherein a first thread and a second thread run on the second computing node, a host memory in the second computing node comprises a data cache configured to store data processed based on an MPI primitive, and further comprising: detecting, by the first thread, the data cache in the host memory based on a message passing interface MPI probe primitive to obtain the second triplet; invoking, by the first thread, a first MPI receiving primitive based on a second triplet in the data cache to process the first data flow graph parameter, wherein the second triplet in the data cache is obtained by the second computing node based on the MPI sending primitive; and modifying, by the second thread, a second MPI receiving primitive into an MPI wait primitive after determining that the first data flow graph parameter is processed based on the first MPI receiving primitive, wherein the second MPI receiving primitive is a receiving primitive that is not executed by the second thread and that corresponds to the first data flow graph parameter, an interface parameter of the second MPI receiving primitive comprises a second triplet generated by the second computing node, and the MPI wait primitive is used to wait for completion of execution of the first MPI receiving primitive. | 1,700 |
346,554 | 16,805,028 | 1,794 | A collapsible, reusable plastic container that can be used for the storage and transportation of produce, having dimensions optimized for such storage and transportation and for folding down of the container. The container may also have a novel footprint for “six-down” stacking. The container may also be designed to provide increased ventilation to its contents during storage and transport. The container may also have a sample door with a clip for easy access to the produce contained in the container when it is stacked among other containers. The container may also have a latch system to secure its endwalls and sidewalls in an erected configuration during storage and transport. The container may also have lead-in in its dimensions to facilitate stacking and de-stacking of containers. | 1. An arrangement of plastic shipping containers for bananas, the arrangement comprising:
a pallet having a top surface, the top surface having a pallet length and a pallet width; six shipping containers each having a container length and a container width arranged on the top surface of the pallet in a layer, the containers arranged in two rows, each row having three of the containers, each of the six shipping containers having its container width extend in the direction of the rows and in the direction of the pallet width and having its container length extend in the direction of the pallet length; and bananas in each container, the bananas disposed in a three-line configuration with their crowns facing down. 2. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the pallet length is about 48 inches and the pallet width is about 40 inches. 3. The arrangement of claim 2, wherein each of the containers has a maximum exterior length of about 24 inches and a maximum exterior width of about 13 inches. 4. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the bananas in each container weight about 40 pounds. 5. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein each of the containers comprises a base, two endwalls, and two sidewalls, each of the endwalls and each of the sidewalls being moveably connected to the base,
each of the sidewalls detachably coupled to the two endwalls to allow the container to assume an erected configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all upright, and a folded-down configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all folded down. 6. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein each of the containers has a greater maximum, exterior length and/or a greater maximum, exterior width in the erected configuration than in the folded-down configuration. 7. The arrangement of claim 6, wherein each of the containers, in the erected configuration, has a maximum exterior length of about 24 inches and a maximum exterior width of about 13 inches 8. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein each of the sidewalls and the endwalls is moveably connected to the base using a plurality of hinges. 9. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein each container comprises a plurality of vent holes in each of its sidewalls or each of its endwalls,
at least one of the containers arranged so that at least some of its plurality of vent holes completely or substantially align with at least some of the plurality of vent holes of the sidewalls or endwalls of at least one other container. 10. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein each container comprises a plurality of vent holes in each of its sidewalls,
at least one of the containers arranged so that at least some of its plurality of vent holes completely or substantially align with at least some of the plurality of vent holes of the sidewalls of at least one other container. 11. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein each of the containers comprises a sample door that is moveably connected to at least one of the sidewalls and endwalls. 12. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein each of the containers has a substantially flat and smooth interior floor and substantially smooth exterior floor. 13. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein each of the plastic shipping containers comprises at least one of a resin and a thermoplastic. 14. The arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a second plurality of containers each having bananas therein, the second plurality of containers arranged to form seven additional layers of containers arranged above the first layer, wherein each of the additional layers comprises six shipping containers of the second plurality of containers each having a container length and a container width, the containers in each of the additional layers arranged in two rows each row having three of the second plurality of containers, each of the six shipping containers of the second plurality of shipping containers having its container width extend the direction of a row and in the direction of the pallet width and having its container length extend in the direction of the pallet length, the bananas in each of the second plurality of containers disposed in a three-line configuration with their crowns facing down. 15. A plastic shipping container for bananas for placement on a flat surface, comprising:
a base, two endwalls and two sidewalls that are each moveably coupled to the base, the container being able to assume an erected configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all upright, and a folded-down configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all folded down, in the erected configuration, the container having one or more cross-sections extending through the endwalls and the sidewalls, the cross-sections being parallel to the flat surface, each cross-section in the erected configuration being rectangular and defining, in an erected configuration, an exterior length and an exterior width, in the folded-down configuration, the container having one or more cross-sections that are parallel to the flat surface, each cross-section in the folded-down configuration being rectangular and defining, in a folded-down configuration, an exterior length and an exterior width, wherein the container has a greater maximum, exterior length in the erected configuration than in the folded-down configuration and/or a greater maximum, exterior width in the erected configuration than in the folded-down configuration. 16. The container of claim 15, wherein each endwall is detachably coupled to both sidewalls. 17. The container of claim 15, further comprising bananas in the container having a weight about 40 pounds. 18. The container of claim 15, wherein the container, in the erected configuration, has a maximum exterior length of about 24 inches and a maximum exterior width of about 13 inches. 19. The container of claim 15, wherein each of the sidewalls and the endwalls is moveably coupled to the base using a plurality of hinges. 20. The container of claim 15, wherein each container comprises a plurality of vent holes in each of its sidewalls. 21. The container of claim 15, wherein the container comprises a sample door that is moveably coupled to at least one of the sidewalls and endwalls. 22. The container of claim 15, wherein the container has a substantially flat and smooth interior floor and substantially smooth exterior floor. 23. A plastic shipping container for bananas comprising a base, two endwalls and two sidewalls that are each moveably coupled to the base, the container is able to assume an erected configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all upright, and a folded-down configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all folded down, the container in the erected configuration having a maximum exterior length of about 24 inches and a maximum exterior width of about 13 inches. 24. The container of claim 23, wherein each endwall is detachably coupled to both sidewalls. 25. The container of claim 23, further comprising bananas in the container having a weight about 40 pounds. 26. The container of claim 23, wherein each of the sidewalls and the endwalls is moveably coupled to the base using a plurality of hinges. 27. The container of claim 23, wherein each container comprises a plurality of vent holes in each of its sidewalls. 28. The container of claim 23, wherein the container comprises a sample door that is moveably coupled to at least one of the sidewalls and endwalls. 29. The container of claim 23, wherein the container has a substantially flat and smooth interior floor and substantially smooth exterior floor. 30. A plastic shipping container having bananas therein, the container comprising a base, two endwalls and two sidewalls that are each moveably coupled to the base, the container is able to assume an erected configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all upright and a folded-down configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all folded down, the container in the erected configuration having a maximum exterior length of about 24 inches and a maximum exterior width of about 13 inches, and
the bananas in the container disposed in a three-line configuration, with their crowns facing down. 31. The container of claim 30, wherein each endwall is detachably coupled to both sidewalls. 32. The container of claim 30, wherein the bananas have a weight about 40 pounds. 33. The container of claim 30, wherein each of the sidewalls and the endwalls is moveably connected to the base using a plurality of hinges. 34. The container of claim 30, wherein each container comprises a plurality of vent holes in each of its sidewalls. 35. The container of claim 30, wherein the container comprises a sample door that is moveably connected to at least one of the sidewalls and endwalls. 36. The container of claim 30, wherein the container has a substantially flat and smooth interior floor and substantially smooth exterior floor. | A collapsible, reusable plastic container that can be used for the storage and transportation of produce, having dimensions optimized for such storage and transportation and for folding down of the container. The container may also have a novel footprint for “six-down” stacking. The container may also be designed to provide increased ventilation to its contents during storage and transport. The container may also have a sample door with a clip for easy access to the produce contained in the container when it is stacked among other containers. The container may also have a latch system to secure its endwalls and sidewalls in an erected configuration during storage and transport. The container may also have lead-in in its dimensions to facilitate stacking and de-stacking of containers.1. An arrangement of plastic shipping containers for bananas, the arrangement comprising:
a pallet having a top surface, the top surface having a pallet length and a pallet width; six shipping containers each having a container length and a container width arranged on the top surface of the pallet in a layer, the containers arranged in two rows, each row having three of the containers, each of the six shipping containers having its container width extend in the direction of the rows and in the direction of the pallet width and having its container length extend in the direction of the pallet length; and bananas in each container, the bananas disposed in a three-line configuration with their crowns facing down. 2. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the pallet length is about 48 inches and the pallet width is about 40 inches. 3. The arrangement of claim 2, wherein each of the containers has a maximum exterior length of about 24 inches and a maximum exterior width of about 13 inches. 4. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the bananas in each container weight about 40 pounds. 5. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein each of the containers comprises a base, two endwalls, and two sidewalls, each of the endwalls and each of the sidewalls being moveably connected to the base,
each of the sidewalls detachably coupled to the two endwalls to allow the container to assume an erected configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all upright, and a folded-down configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all folded down. 6. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein each of the containers has a greater maximum, exterior length and/or a greater maximum, exterior width in the erected configuration than in the folded-down configuration. 7. The arrangement of claim 6, wherein each of the containers, in the erected configuration, has a maximum exterior length of about 24 inches and a maximum exterior width of about 13 inches 8. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein each of the sidewalls and the endwalls is moveably connected to the base using a plurality of hinges. 9. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein each container comprises a plurality of vent holes in each of its sidewalls or each of its endwalls,
at least one of the containers arranged so that at least some of its plurality of vent holes completely or substantially align with at least some of the plurality of vent holes of the sidewalls or endwalls of at least one other container. 10. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein each container comprises a plurality of vent holes in each of its sidewalls,
at least one of the containers arranged so that at least some of its plurality of vent holes completely or substantially align with at least some of the plurality of vent holes of the sidewalls of at least one other container. 11. The arrangement of claim 5, wherein each of the containers comprises a sample door that is moveably connected to at least one of the sidewalls and endwalls. 12. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein each of the containers has a substantially flat and smooth interior floor and substantially smooth exterior floor. 13. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein each of the plastic shipping containers comprises at least one of a resin and a thermoplastic. 14. The arrangement of claim 1, further comprising a second plurality of containers each having bananas therein, the second plurality of containers arranged to form seven additional layers of containers arranged above the first layer, wherein each of the additional layers comprises six shipping containers of the second plurality of containers each having a container length and a container width, the containers in each of the additional layers arranged in two rows each row having three of the second plurality of containers, each of the six shipping containers of the second plurality of shipping containers having its container width extend the direction of a row and in the direction of the pallet width and having its container length extend in the direction of the pallet length, the bananas in each of the second plurality of containers disposed in a three-line configuration with their crowns facing down. 15. A plastic shipping container for bananas for placement on a flat surface, comprising:
a base, two endwalls and two sidewalls that are each moveably coupled to the base, the container being able to assume an erected configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all upright, and a folded-down configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all folded down, in the erected configuration, the container having one or more cross-sections extending through the endwalls and the sidewalls, the cross-sections being parallel to the flat surface, each cross-section in the erected configuration being rectangular and defining, in an erected configuration, an exterior length and an exterior width, in the folded-down configuration, the container having one or more cross-sections that are parallel to the flat surface, each cross-section in the folded-down configuration being rectangular and defining, in a folded-down configuration, an exterior length and an exterior width, wherein the container has a greater maximum, exterior length in the erected configuration than in the folded-down configuration and/or a greater maximum, exterior width in the erected configuration than in the folded-down configuration. 16. The container of claim 15, wherein each endwall is detachably coupled to both sidewalls. 17. The container of claim 15, further comprising bananas in the container having a weight about 40 pounds. 18. The container of claim 15, wherein the container, in the erected configuration, has a maximum exterior length of about 24 inches and a maximum exterior width of about 13 inches. 19. The container of claim 15, wherein each of the sidewalls and the endwalls is moveably coupled to the base using a plurality of hinges. 20. The container of claim 15, wherein each container comprises a plurality of vent holes in each of its sidewalls. 21. The container of claim 15, wherein the container comprises a sample door that is moveably coupled to at least one of the sidewalls and endwalls. 22. The container of claim 15, wherein the container has a substantially flat and smooth interior floor and substantially smooth exterior floor. 23. A plastic shipping container for bananas comprising a base, two endwalls and two sidewalls that are each moveably coupled to the base, the container is able to assume an erected configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all upright, and a folded-down configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all folded down, the container in the erected configuration having a maximum exterior length of about 24 inches and a maximum exterior width of about 13 inches. 24. The container of claim 23, wherein each endwall is detachably coupled to both sidewalls. 25. The container of claim 23, further comprising bananas in the container having a weight about 40 pounds. 26. The container of claim 23, wherein each of the sidewalls and the endwalls is moveably coupled to the base using a plurality of hinges. 27. The container of claim 23, wherein each container comprises a plurality of vent holes in each of its sidewalls. 28. The container of claim 23, wherein the container comprises a sample door that is moveably coupled to at least one of the sidewalls and endwalls. 29. The container of claim 23, wherein the container has a substantially flat and smooth interior floor and substantially smooth exterior floor. 30. A plastic shipping container having bananas therein, the container comprising a base, two endwalls and two sidewalls that are each moveably coupled to the base, the container is able to assume an erected configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all upright and a folded-down configuration when the sidewalls and endwalls are all folded down, the container in the erected configuration having a maximum exterior length of about 24 inches and a maximum exterior width of about 13 inches, and
the bananas in the container disposed in a three-line configuration, with their crowns facing down. 31. The container of claim 30, wherein each endwall is detachably coupled to both sidewalls. 32. The container of claim 30, wherein the bananas have a weight about 40 pounds. 33. The container of claim 30, wherein each of the sidewalls and the endwalls is moveably connected to the base using a plurality of hinges. 34. The container of claim 30, wherein each container comprises a plurality of vent holes in each of its sidewalls. 35. The container of claim 30, wherein the container comprises a sample door that is moveably connected to at least one of the sidewalls and endwalls. 36. The container of claim 30, wherein the container has a substantially flat and smooth interior floor and substantially smooth exterior floor. | 1,700 |
346,555 | 16,805,031 | 2,875 | Controlled environment light fixture configurations include an LED light source. The light fixtures can be installed and removed from below the ceiling. The light fixture can be installed and removed without opening the lens frame of the light fixture. The light fixture includes a sealed housing and seals to the ceiling when installed. The light fixtures are provided in exterior dimension sizes that allow the fixtures to be installed in a variety of controlled environment ceilings in recessed configurations. The lower surface exposed to the controlled environment is free of welds and grinds in order to provide a corrosion resistant surface. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A light fixture for a controlled environment ceiling application, the light fixture comprising:
an enclosure that includes an aluminum housing and a lens frame; an LED light source carried by the enclosure; the LED light source being mounted directly to the aluminum housing such that the housing functions as a conductive heat sink for the LED circuit board. 22. The light fixture of claim 21, wherein the aluminum housing includes an integral aluminum LED mount that defines a substantially vertical surface when the light fixture is mounted in the ceiling; the LED light source being mounted to the substantially vertical surface of the integral aluminum LED mount. 23. The light fixture of claim 22, wherein the aluminum housing defines a plurality of fins used to increase surface area of the housing to remove heat from the housing. 24. The light fixture of claim 23, wherein the housing includes an extruded aluminum envelope disposed between first and second aluminum end caps; the extruded aluminum envelope defining the plurality of fins. 25. The light fixture of claim 24, wherein the extruded aluminum envelope defines a plurality of channels; the end caps being secured to the envelope with threaded fasteners that engage the channels. 26. The light fixture of claim 25, wherein each of the end caps defines a slot; the envelope having first and second ends disposed in the slots of the ends caps; and a sealing material disposed in the slots between the envelope ends and the end caps. 27. A light fixture for a controlled environment ceiling; the light fixture comprising:
an enclosure having a lens frame sealed to a housing; the housing having a mounting surface adapted to engage the ceiling when the light fixture is installed; the housing having a height above the mounting surface of no more than two inches; and an LED light source disposed within the enclosure. 28. The light fixture of claim 27, further comprising an LED power supply carried within the enclosure and a light guide plate having a plurality of edges; the light guide plate being disposed above the lens frame of the enclosure; the LED light source being arranged to direct light into an edge of the light guide plate. 29. The light fixture of claim 27, wherein the lens frame includes a lens and wherein the LED light source is arranged to direct light in a direction substantially perpendicular to the lens of the lens frame. 30. The light fixture of claim 27, wherein the lens frame includes a lens and wherein the LED light source is arranged to direct light in a direction substantially parallel to the lens of the lens frame. 31. The light fixture of claim 27, wherein the mounting surface is an upwardly-facing mounting surface adapted to be disposed below the ceiling when the light fixture is installed; and further comprising a gasket carried by the housing; the gasket having a first portion for sealing the housing to the ceiling when the light fixture is installed in the ceiling; the first portion of the gasket being disposed on the upwardly-facing mounting surface. 32. A light fixture for a controlled environment ceiling; the light fixture comprising:
an enclosure having a lens frame and a housing; the housing adapted to fit into one of a 1×2, 2×2, and 2×4 light opening defined by a 2.0″ T-bar grid ceiling; and an LED light source disposed within the enclosure. 33. The light fixture of claim 32, wherein the enclosure can be mounted to ceilings formed from other systems including gypsum and panel systems. 34. The light fixture of claim 32, further comprising an LED power supply carried within the enclosure and a light guide plate having a plurality of edges; the light guide plate being disposed above the lens frame of the enclosure; the LED light source being arranged to direct light into an edge of the light guide plate. 35. The light fixture of claim 32, wherein the lens frame includes a lens and wherein the LED light source is arranged to direct light in a direction substantially perpendicular to the lens of the lens frame. 36. The light fixture of claim 32, wherein the lens frame includes a lens and wherein the LED light source is arranged to direct light in a direction substantially parallel to the lens of the lens frame. 37-44. (canceled) 45. A light fixture for a controlled environment ceiling; the light fixture comprising:
an enclosure having a lens frame and a housing; an LED light source disposed within the enclosure; and the lens frame having a lens carried by a stainless steel perimeter frame; the perimeter frame having a plurality of corners and an outwardly-facing surface exposed to the controlled environment when the light fixture is installed; the corners of the stainless steel perimeter frame being free of welds. 46. The light fixture of claim 45, wherein the housing has an upwardly-facing mounting surface used to mount the light fixture to the ceiling;
a gasket having a first portion disposed on the upwardly-facing mounting surface to seal the housing to the ceiling; and the stainless steel perimeter frame engaging the gasket. 47. The light fixture of claim 45, wherein the entire outwardly-facing surface is free of welds. 48. A light fixture for a controlled environment ceiling; the light fixture comprising:
an enclosure that includes a housing and a lens frame; the housing having an upwardly-facing mounting surface adapted to be disposed below the ceiling when the light fixture is installed; an LED light source disposed within the enclosure; an LED power supply disposed within the enclosure; a gasket carried by the housing; the gasket having a first portion for sealing the housing to the ceiling when the light fixture is installed in the ceiling; the first portion of the gasket being disposed on the upwardly-facing mounting surface; a light guide plate disposed within the enclosure; the light guide plate having a plurality of edges; and the LED light source arranged to direct light into an edge of the light guide plate; and the light fixture having a symmetric/asymmetric light distribution pattern. 49. The light fixture of claim 48, wherein the lens frame includes a lens; the lens having the symmetric/asymmetric light distribution pattern. 50. The light fixture of claim 48, wherein the light guide plate has the symmetric/asymmetric light distribution pattern. 51. The light fixture of claim 48, further comprising a diffuser disposed below the light guide plate; the diffuser having the symmetric/asymmetric light distribution pattern. | Controlled environment light fixture configurations include an LED light source. The light fixtures can be installed and removed from below the ceiling. The light fixture can be installed and removed without opening the lens frame of the light fixture. The light fixture includes a sealed housing and seals to the ceiling when installed. The light fixtures are provided in exterior dimension sizes that allow the fixtures to be installed in a variety of controlled environment ceilings in recessed configurations. The lower surface exposed to the controlled environment is free of welds and grinds in order to provide a corrosion resistant surface.1-20. (canceled) 21. A light fixture for a controlled environment ceiling application, the light fixture comprising:
an enclosure that includes an aluminum housing and a lens frame; an LED light source carried by the enclosure; the LED light source being mounted directly to the aluminum housing such that the housing functions as a conductive heat sink for the LED circuit board. 22. The light fixture of claim 21, wherein the aluminum housing includes an integral aluminum LED mount that defines a substantially vertical surface when the light fixture is mounted in the ceiling; the LED light source being mounted to the substantially vertical surface of the integral aluminum LED mount. 23. The light fixture of claim 22, wherein the aluminum housing defines a plurality of fins used to increase surface area of the housing to remove heat from the housing. 24. The light fixture of claim 23, wherein the housing includes an extruded aluminum envelope disposed between first and second aluminum end caps; the extruded aluminum envelope defining the plurality of fins. 25. The light fixture of claim 24, wherein the extruded aluminum envelope defines a plurality of channels; the end caps being secured to the envelope with threaded fasteners that engage the channels. 26. The light fixture of claim 25, wherein each of the end caps defines a slot; the envelope having first and second ends disposed in the slots of the ends caps; and a sealing material disposed in the slots between the envelope ends and the end caps. 27. A light fixture for a controlled environment ceiling; the light fixture comprising:
an enclosure having a lens frame sealed to a housing; the housing having a mounting surface adapted to engage the ceiling when the light fixture is installed; the housing having a height above the mounting surface of no more than two inches; and an LED light source disposed within the enclosure. 28. The light fixture of claim 27, further comprising an LED power supply carried within the enclosure and a light guide plate having a plurality of edges; the light guide plate being disposed above the lens frame of the enclosure; the LED light source being arranged to direct light into an edge of the light guide plate. 29. The light fixture of claim 27, wherein the lens frame includes a lens and wherein the LED light source is arranged to direct light in a direction substantially perpendicular to the lens of the lens frame. 30. The light fixture of claim 27, wherein the lens frame includes a lens and wherein the LED light source is arranged to direct light in a direction substantially parallel to the lens of the lens frame. 31. The light fixture of claim 27, wherein the mounting surface is an upwardly-facing mounting surface adapted to be disposed below the ceiling when the light fixture is installed; and further comprising a gasket carried by the housing; the gasket having a first portion for sealing the housing to the ceiling when the light fixture is installed in the ceiling; the first portion of the gasket being disposed on the upwardly-facing mounting surface. 32. A light fixture for a controlled environment ceiling; the light fixture comprising:
an enclosure having a lens frame and a housing; the housing adapted to fit into one of a 1×2, 2×2, and 2×4 light opening defined by a 2.0″ T-bar grid ceiling; and an LED light source disposed within the enclosure. 33. The light fixture of claim 32, wherein the enclosure can be mounted to ceilings formed from other systems including gypsum and panel systems. 34. The light fixture of claim 32, further comprising an LED power supply carried within the enclosure and a light guide plate having a plurality of edges; the light guide plate being disposed above the lens frame of the enclosure; the LED light source being arranged to direct light into an edge of the light guide plate. 35. The light fixture of claim 32, wherein the lens frame includes a lens and wherein the LED light source is arranged to direct light in a direction substantially perpendicular to the lens of the lens frame. 36. The light fixture of claim 32, wherein the lens frame includes a lens and wherein the LED light source is arranged to direct light in a direction substantially parallel to the lens of the lens frame. 37-44. (canceled) 45. A light fixture for a controlled environment ceiling; the light fixture comprising:
an enclosure having a lens frame and a housing; an LED light source disposed within the enclosure; and the lens frame having a lens carried by a stainless steel perimeter frame; the perimeter frame having a plurality of corners and an outwardly-facing surface exposed to the controlled environment when the light fixture is installed; the corners of the stainless steel perimeter frame being free of welds. 46. The light fixture of claim 45, wherein the housing has an upwardly-facing mounting surface used to mount the light fixture to the ceiling;
a gasket having a first portion disposed on the upwardly-facing mounting surface to seal the housing to the ceiling; and the stainless steel perimeter frame engaging the gasket. 47. The light fixture of claim 45, wherein the entire outwardly-facing surface is free of welds. 48. A light fixture for a controlled environment ceiling; the light fixture comprising:
an enclosure that includes a housing and a lens frame; the housing having an upwardly-facing mounting surface adapted to be disposed below the ceiling when the light fixture is installed; an LED light source disposed within the enclosure; an LED power supply disposed within the enclosure; a gasket carried by the housing; the gasket having a first portion for sealing the housing to the ceiling when the light fixture is installed in the ceiling; the first portion of the gasket being disposed on the upwardly-facing mounting surface; a light guide plate disposed within the enclosure; the light guide plate having a plurality of edges; and the LED light source arranged to direct light into an edge of the light guide plate; and the light fixture having a symmetric/asymmetric light distribution pattern. 49. The light fixture of claim 48, wherein the lens frame includes a lens; the lens having the symmetric/asymmetric light distribution pattern. 50. The light fixture of claim 48, wherein the light guide plate has the symmetric/asymmetric light distribution pattern. 51. The light fixture of claim 48, further comprising a diffuser disposed below the light guide plate; the diffuser having the symmetric/asymmetric light distribution pattern. | 2,800 |
346,556 | 16,805,014 | 2,875 | A system and method of documenting condition, repair, and overhaul of aircraft parts. The system and method include searching a database for an electronic file of an aircraft part; creating an electronic file of the aircraft part if the electronic file is not found on the database; generating a maintenance report data package that is linked to the electronic file; capturing, using a camera or a microphone, aircraft part data including a single or plurality of pictures, a video recording, and a voice recording; linking the aircraft part data to the maintenance report data package; and saving an updated version of the electronic file to the database. | 1. A method of documenting condition, repair, or overhaul of aircraft parts, the method comprising steps of:
entering, using a computing system, at least one identification number for an aircraft part; searching, using the computing system, a database for an electronic file of the aircraft part using the at least one identification number; creating, using the computing system, the electronic file of the aircraft part if the electronic file is not found on the database, wherein the at least one identification number is linked to the electronic file; generating, using the computing system, a maintenance report data package, wherein the maintenance report data package is linked to the electronic file; capturing, using at least one of a camera and a microphone, aircraft part data comprising at least one of at least one picture, a video recording, and a voice recording; linking, using the computing system, the aircraft part data to the maintenance report data package; and saving, using the computing system, an updated version of the electronic file to the database. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one identification number comprises a part number, a serial number, a tag number, an airplane manufacturer's serial number, or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of generating, using the computing system, a universal tracking number for the electronic file of the aircraft part and linking the universal tracking number with the at least one identification number. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of entering, using the computing system, personal identifying data of a user capturing the aircraft part data, and linking, using the computing system, the personal identifying data to the maintenance report data package. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the computing system comprises at least one access device and a remote server communicating over a network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one picture is a plurality of pictures comprising pictures of each side of the aircraft part. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the each of the steps are performed after the aircraft part is removed from an aircraft, after the aircraft part is repaired, and before the aircraft part is placed back on the aircraft. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein each of the steps are also performed before the aircraft part is shipped from an airline to a repair vendor and before the aircraft part is shipped back from the repair vendor to the airline. 9. A system of documenting condition, repair, or overhaul of aircraft parts, the system comprising:
a database storing a search pool that includes a plurality of electronic files each comprising data of a different aircraft part; at least one computing device including a processor and a memory for storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
searching the database for an electronic file of the plurality of electronic files of an aircraft part using at least one identification number;
creating the electronic file of the aircraft part if the electronic file is not found on the database, wherein the at least one identification number is linked to the electronic file;
generating a maintenance report data package, wherein the maintenance report data package is linked to the electronic file;
capturing, using at least one of a camera and a microphone, aircraft part data comprising at least one of at least one picture, a video recording, and a voice recording;
linking the aircraft part data to the maintenance report data package; and
saving an updated version of the electronic file to the database. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one identification number comprises a part number, a serial number, a tag number, an airplane manufacturer's serial number, or a combination thereof. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor further performs operations comprising: generating a universal tracking number for the electronic file of the aircraft part and linking the universal tracking number with the at least one identification number. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor further performs operations comprising: linking personal identifying data of a user capturing the aircraft part data to the maintenance report data package and further comprising a text box to receive and save notes from the user. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one picture comprises a plurality of pictures comprising pictures of each side of the aircraft part. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one computing device comprises an access device and a remote server communicating over a network. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one picture, the video recording and the voice recordings are automatically watermarked when generated. | A system and method of documenting condition, repair, and overhaul of aircraft parts. The system and method include searching a database for an electronic file of an aircraft part; creating an electronic file of the aircraft part if the electronic file is not found on the database; generating a maintenance report data package that is linked to the electronic file; capturing, using a camera or a microphone, aircraft part data including a single or plurality of pictures, a video recording, and a voice recording; linking the aircraft part data to the maintenance report data package; and saving an updated version of the electronic file to the database.1. A method of documenting condition, repair, or overhaul of aircraft parts, the method comprising steps of:
entering, using a computing system, at least one identification number for an aircraft part; searching, using the computing system, a database for an electronic file of the aircraft part using the at least one identification number; creating, using the computing system, the electronic file of the aircraft part if the electronic file is not found on the database, wherein the at least one identification number is linked to the electronic file; generating, using the computing system, a maintenance report data package, wherein the maintenance report data package is linked to the electronic file; capturing, using at least one of a camera and a microphone, aircraft part data comprising at least one of at least one picture, a video recording, and a voice recording; linking, using the computing system, the aircraft part data to the maintenance report data package; and saving, using the computing system, an updated version of the electronic file to the database. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one identification number comprises a part number, a serial number, a tag number, an airplane manufacturer's serial number, or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of generating, using the computing system, a universal tracking number for the electronic file of the aircraft part and linking the universal tracking number with the at least one identification number. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of entering, using the computing system, personal identifying data of a user capturing the aircraft part data, and linking, using the computing system, the personal identifying data to the maintenance report data package. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the computing system comprises at least one access device and a remote server communicating over a network. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one picture is a plurality of pictures comprising pictures of each side of the aircraft part. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the each of the steps are performed after the aircraft part is removed from an aircraft, after the aircraft part is repaired, and before the aircraft part is placed back on the aircraft. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein each of the steps are also performed before the aircraft part is shipped from an airline to a repair vendor and before the aircraft part is shipped back from the repair vendor to the airline. 9. A system of documenting condition, repair, or overhaul of aircraft parts, the system comprising:
a database storing a search pool that includes a plurality of electronic files each comprising data of a different aircraft part; at least one computing device including a processor and a memory for storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
searching the database for an electronic file of the plurality of electronic files of an aircraft part using at least one identification number;
creating the electronic file of the aircraft part if the electronic file is not found on the database, wherein the at least one identification number is linked to the electronic file;
generating a maintenance report data package, wherein the maintenance report data package is linked to the electronic file;
capturing, using at least one of a camera and a microphone, aircraft part data comprising at least one of at least one picture, a video recording, and a voice recording;
linking the aircraft part data to the maintenance report data package; and
saving an updated version of the electronic file to the database. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one identification number comprises a part number, a serial number, a tag number, an airplane manufacturer's serial number, or a combination thereof. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor further performs operations comprising: generating a universal tracking number for the electronic file of the aircraft part and linking the universal tracking number with the at least one identification number. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor further performs operations comprising: linking personal identifying data of a user capturing the aircraft part data to the maintenance report data package and further comprising a text box to receive and save notes from the user. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one picture comprises a plurality of pictures comprising pictures of each side of the aircraft part. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one computing device comprises an access device and a remote server communicating over a network. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one picture, the video recording and the voice recordings are automatically watermarked when generated. | 2,800 |
346,557 | 16,805,034 | 2,875 | The disclosure discloses methods and systems for handling content of a document based on one or more identifiers. The method includes receiving the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers, the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for one of: extraction, deletion, replacement and sharing, the content in the document is marked using braille symbols. The content is marked using an erasable marking device without affecting the document. A selection of a function to be performed on the marked content is received. The document is scanned to generate a scanned document. The scanned document is analyzed to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the one or more ending identifiers. Based on the selection of the function to be performed on the marked content, perform one of: extraction, deletion, replacement and sharing. | 1. A method for handling content of a document based on one or more identifiers, the method comprising:
receiving the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers, wherein the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for one of: extraction, deletion, replacement and sharing, wherein the content in the document is marked using braille symbols; receiving a selection of a function to be performed on the marked content; scanning the document to generate a scanned document; analyzing the scanned document to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers; and based on the selection of the function to be performed on the marked content, performing one of:
extracting the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document;
deleting the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document;
replacing the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document with a new content; and
sharing the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a user interface displaying one or more functions to be performed on the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a new file comprising the extracted content. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a user interface to input the new content to be included in place of the marked content in the scanned document. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the new content as input by a user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein deleting the identified content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers from the scanned document resulting in a different scanned document, wherein the resulted scanned document comprises the remaining content. 8. A method for extracting content from a document while scanning, the method comprising:
receiving the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers, wherein the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for extraction, wherein the content in the document is marked using braille symbols; scanning the document to generate a scanned document; analyzing the scanned document to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers; extracting the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document; and generating a new file comprising the extracted content. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising analyzing the one or more staffing identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers to identify a sequence to arrange the extracted content. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising arranging the extracted content in the new file according to the identified sequence. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising providing a user interface displaying one or more marking styles for selection. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising receiving a selection of a marking style for extracting the content. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers are based on braille symbols. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the content in the document is marked using an erasable marking device. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers are marked before the start of the content and after the end of the content, respectively. 16. The method of claim 8, wherein the content comprises one or more lines. 17. A method for deleting content from a document while scanning, the method comprising:
receiving the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers, wherein the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for deletion, wherein the content is marked using braille symbols; scanning the document to generate a scanned document; analyzing the scanned document to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers; identifying the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document; and deleting the identified content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers from the scanned document resulting in a different scanned document, wherein the resulted scanned document comprises the remaining content. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers are based on braille symbols. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the content is marked using an erasable marking device. 20. A multi-function device for extracting content from a document while scanning, the multi-function device comprising:
a platen to receive the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding ending identifiers, wherein the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for extraction, wherein the content is marked using braille symbols; a scanner to scan the document to generate a scanned document; and a controller to:
analyze the scanned document to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers marked in the scanned document;
extract the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding on or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document; and
generate a new file to include the extracted content. 21. The multi-function device of claim 20, wherein the controller is to analyze the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers to identify a sequence to arrange the extracted content. 22. The multi-function device of claim 21, wherein the controller is to arrange the extracted content in the new file according to the identified sequence. 23. The multi-function device of claim 20 further comprising a user interface to display one or more marking styles for user selection. 24. The multi-function device of claim 20, wherein the one or more starting identifiers and corresponding ending identifiers are based on braille symbols. 25. The multi-function device of claim 20, wherein the content is marked using an erasable marking device. 26. The multi-function device of claim 20, wherein the one or more starting identifiers and corresponding ending identifiers are marked before the start of the content and after the end of the content, respectively. 27. The multi-function device of claim 20, wherein the content comprises one or more lines. 28. A multi-function device for handling content of a document based on one or more identifiers, the multi-function device comprising:
a platen to receive the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers, wherein the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for one of: extraction, deletion, replacement and sharing, wherein the content in the document is marked using braille symbols; a user interface to receive a selection of a function to be performed on the marked content; a scanner to scan the document to generate a scanned document; a controller to:
analyze the scanned document to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers; and
based on the selection of the function to be performed on the marked content, perform one of:
extract the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document;
delete the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document;
replace the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document with a new content; and
share the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document. 29. The multi-function device of claim 28, wherein the controller is to identify the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document. 30. The multi-function device of claim 28, wherein the user interface is to display one or more functions to be performed on the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers. 31. The multi-function device of claim 28, wherein the controller is to generate a new file comprising the extracted content. 32. The multi-function device of claim 28, wherein the user interface is provided to input the new content to be included in place of the marked content in the scanned document. 33. The multi-function device of claim 32, wherein the controller is to receive the new content as input by a user. 34. The multi-function device of claim 28, wherein deleting the identified content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers from the scanned document resulting in a different scanned document, wherein the resulted scanned document comprises the remaining content. | The disclosure discloses methods and systems for handling content of a document based on one or more identifiers. The method includes receiving the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers, the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for one of: extraction, deletion, replacement and sharing, the content in the document is marked using braille symbols. The content is marked using an erasable marking device without affecting the document. A selection of a function to be performed on the marked content is received. The document is scanned to generate a scanned document. The scanned document is analyzed to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the one or more ending identifiers. Based on the selection of the function to be performed on the marked content, perform one of: extraction, deletion, replacement and sharing.1. A method for handling content of a document based on one or more identifiers, the method comprising:
receiving the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers, wherein the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for one of: extraction, deletion, replacement and sharing, wherein the content in the document is marked using braille symbols; receiving a selection of a function to be performed on the marked content; scanning the document to generate a scanned document; analyzing the scanned document to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers; and based on the selection of the function to be performed on the marked content, performing one of:
extracting the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document;
deleting the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document;
replacing the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document with a new content; and
sharing the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a user interface displaying one or more functions to be performed on the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a new file comprising the extracted content. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a user interface to input the new content to be included in place of the marked content in the scanned document. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the new content as input by a user. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein deleting the identified content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers from the scanned document resulting in a different scanned document, wherein the resulted scanned document comprises the remaining content. 8. A method for extracting content from a document while scanning, the method comprising:
receiving the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers, wherein the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for extraction, wherein the content in the document is marked using braille symbols; scanning the document to generate a scanned document; analyzing the scanned document to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers; extracting the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document; and generating a new file comprising the extracted content. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising analyzing the one or more staffing identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers to identify a sequence to arrange the extracted content. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising arranging the extracted content in the new file according to the identified sequence. 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising providing a user interface displaying one or more marking styles for selection. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising receiving a selection of a marking style for extracting the content. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers are based on braille symbols. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the content in the document is marked using an erasable marking device. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers are marked before the start of the content and after the end of the content, respectively. 16. The method of claim 8, wherein the content comprises one or more lines. 17. A method for deleting content from a document while scanning, the method comprising:
receiving the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers, wherein the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for deletion, wherein the content is marked using braille symbols; scanning the document to generate a scanned document; analyzing the scanned document to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers; identifying the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document; and deleting the identified content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers from the scanned document resulting in a different scanned document, wherein the resulted scanned document comprises the remaining content. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers are based on braille symbols. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the content is marked using an erasable marking device. 20. A multi-function device for extracting content from a document while scanning, the multi-function device comprising:
a platen to receive the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding ending identifiers, wherein the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for extraction, wherein the content is marked using braille symbols; a scanner to scan the document to generate a scanned document; and a controller to:
analyze the scanned document to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers marked in the scanned document;
extract the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding on or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document; and
generate a new file to include the extracted content. 21. The multi-function device of claim 20, wherein the controller is to analyze the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers to identify a sequence to arrange the extracted content. 22. The multi-function device of claim 21, wherein the controller is to arrange the extracted content in the new file according to the identified sequence. 23. The multi-function device of claim 20 further comprising a user interface to display one or more marking styles for user selection. 24. The multi-function device of claim 20, wherein the one or more starting identifiers and corresponding ending identifiers are based on braille symbols. 25. The multi-function device of claim 20, wherein the content is marked using an erasable marking device. 26. The multi-function device of claim 20, wherein the one or more starting identifiers and corresponding ending identifiers are marked before the start of the content and after the end of the content, respectively. 27. The multi-function device of claim 20, wherein the content comprises one or more lines. 28. A multi-function device for handling content of a document based on one or more identifiers, the multi-function device comprising:
a platen to receive the document having content marked using one or more starting identifiers and corresponding one or more ending identifiers, wherein the content marked between each starting identifier and corresponding ending identifier indicates content for one of: extraction, deletion, replacement and sharing, wherein the content in the document is marked using braille symbols; a user interface to receive a selection of a function to be performed on the marked content; a scanner to scan the document to generate a scanned document; a controller to:
analyze the scanned document to identify the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers; and
based on the selection of the function to be performed on the marked content, perform one of:
extract the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document;
delete the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document;
replace the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document with a new content; and
share the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document. 29. The multi-function device of claim 28, wherein the controller is to identify the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers, from the scanned document. 30. The multi-function device of claim 28, wherein the user interface is to display one or more functions to be performed on the content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers. 31. The multi-function device of claim 28, wherein the controller is to generate a new file comprising the extracted content. 32. The multi-function device of claim 28, wherein the user interface is provided to input the new content to be included in place of the marked content in the scanned document. 33. The multi-function device of claim 32, wherein the controller is to receive the new content as input by a user. 34. The multi-function device of claim 28, wherein deleting the identified content marked between the one or more starting identifiers and the corresponding one or more ending identifiers from the scanned document resulting in a different scanned document, wherein the resulted scanned document comprises the remaining content. | 2,800 |
346,558 | 16,805,038 | 3,792 | Devices and systems provide methods of detecting a heart failure condition of a patient that may be based on one or more respiratory parameters of a patient. In an example embodiment, a monitoring device determines one or more heart failure condition indicators based on a measure of the patient respiratory airflow and/or a measure of treatment pressure. Respiratory parameters such as respiration rate, hypopneas, apneas, Cheyne-Stokes breathing patterns or apnea-hypopnea counts may be compared to thresholds that are selected to represent a change in the condition of a heart failure patient such as an onset of a decompensation event. Results of the comparisons may trigger a pressure treatment change and/or one or more warnings or messages to notify a patient or physician of a pending change to the patient's heart failure condition so that the patient may more immediately seek medical attention to treat the heart failure condition. | 1. An apparatus comprising a controller for evaluating a heart failure condition of a patient during respiratory pressure treatment comprising:
a sensor to determine a measure of treatment pressure delivered by a respiratory treatment device; and a processor coupled with the sensor, the processor configured to control a determination of a heart failure condition change indicator based on changes in the measure of treatment pressure over time, the indicator representing information about a change in a heart failure condition of the patient. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processor is configured to determine a measure of respiration of the patient with data from a sensor; and
wherein the processor is configured to determine the heart failure condition change indicator based on the measure of respiration. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the processor implements a threshold comparison that detects an increase in a proportion of the measure of treatment pressure and an increase in an apnea or AHI count during a common time period. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a flow generator coupled with the processor and wherein the processor is configured to control a change to the respiratory pressure treatment delivered by the respiratory treatment device in response to the heart failure condition change indicator. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the change to the respiratory pressure treatment comprises initiating control of ventilation support to meet a target ventilation. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the indicator is based on a recent trend indicating increases in one or more pressure measures from prior treatment sessions. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising one or more sensors configured to sense one or more patient characteristics, and wherein the determining of the heart failure condition change indicator is further based on the sensed one or more patient characteristics. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the one or more sensors comprises a sensor configured as a non-contact sensor. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the non-contact sensor is configured to detect respiratory parameters from a signal measured by the non-contact sensor. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the non-contact sensor is configured to monitor sound. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the non-contact sensor comprises an ultrasonic sensor. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the non-contact sensor comprises an ultrasonic screening sensor. 13. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the one or more sensors comprises a movement sensor configured to generate a movement signal indicative of patient respiration. 14. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein a sensor of the one or more sensors is configured to transmit data to a controller of the respiratory treatment device and wherein the respiratory treatment device comprises a servo-controlled blower. 15. A method for evaluating a heart failure condition of a patient during respiratory pressure treatment comprising:
determining a measure of treatment pressure delivered by a respiratory treatment apparatus with a sensor; and determining a heart failure condition change indicator with a processor based on changes in the measure of treatment pressure over time, the indicator representing information about a change in a heart failure condition of the patient. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
determining a measure of respiration of the patient with a sensor; and
wherein the determining of the heart failure condition change indicator is further based on the measure of respiration. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the determining of the heart failure condition change indicator comprises a threshold comparison that detects an increase in a proportion of the measure of treatment pressure and an increase in an AHI or apnea count during a common time period. 18. The method of claim 15 further comprising controlling a change to the respiratory pressure treatment of the respiratory treatment apparatus in response to the heart failure condition change indicator. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the change to the respiratory pressure treatment comprises initiating control of ventilation support to meet a target ventilation. 20. The method of claim 15 wherein the indicator is based on detecting a recent trend indicating increases in one or more pressure measures from prior treatment sessions. 21. The method of claim 15 further comprising sensing with one or more sensors configured to sense one or more patient characteristics, and wherein the determining of the heart failure condition change indicator is further based on the sensed one or more patient characteristics. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the one or more sensors comprises a sensor configured for non-contact sensing. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the sensor configured for non-contact sensing is configured to detect respiratory parameters from a signal measured by the sensor configured for non-contact sensing. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the sensor configured for non-contact sensing is configured to monitor sound. 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the sensor configured for non-contact sensing comprises an ultrasonic sensor. 26. The method of claim 25 wherein the sensor configured for non-contact sensing comprises an ultrasonic screening sensor. 27. The method of claim 21 wherein the one or more sensors comprises a movement sensor configured to generate a movement signal indicative of patient respiration. 28. The method of claim 21 wherein the one or more sensors are configured to transmit data to a controller of the respiratory treatment apparatus, wherein the respiratory treatment apparatus comprises a servo-controlled blower. | Devices and systems provide methods of detecting a heart failure condition of a patient that may be based on one or more respiratory parameters of a patient. In an example embodiment, a monitoring device determines one or more heart failure condition indicators based on a measure of the patient respiratory airflow and/or a measure of treatment pressure. Respiratory parameters such as respiration rate, hypopneas, apneas, Cheyne-Stokes breathing patterns or apnea-hypopnea counts may be compared to thresholds that are selected to represent a change in the condition of a heart failure patient such as an onset of a decompensation event. Results of the comparisons may trigger a pressure treatment change and/or one or more warnings or messages to notify a patient or physician of a pending change to the patient's heart failure condition so that the patient may more immediately seek medical attention to treat the heart failure condition.1. An apparatus comprising a controller for evaluating a heart failure condition of a patient during respiratory pressure treatment comprising:
a sensor to determine a measure of treatment pressure delivered by a respiratory treatment device; and a processor coupled with the sensor, the processor configured to control a determination of a heart failure condition change indicator based on changes in the measure of treatment pressure over time, the indicator representing information about a change in a heart failure condition of the patient. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processor is configured to determine a measure of respiration of the patient with data from a sensor; and
wherein the processor is configured to determine the heart failure condition change indicator based on the measure of respiration. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the processor implements a threshold comparison that detects an increase in a proportion of the measure of treatment pressure and an increase in an apnea or AHI count during a common time period. 4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a flow generator coupled with the processor and wherein the processor is configured to control a change to the respiratory pressure treatment delivered by the respiratory treatment device in response to the heart failure condition change indicator. 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the change to the respiratory pressure treatment comprises initiating control of ventilation support to meet a target ventilation. 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the indicator is based on a recent trend indicating increases in one or more pressure measures from prior treatment sessions. 7. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising one or more sensors configured to sense one or more patient characteristics, and wherein the determining of the heart failure condition change indicator is further based on the sensed one or more patient characteristics. 8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the one or more sensors comprises a sensor configured as a non-contact sensor. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the non-contact sensor is configured to detect respiratory parameters from a signal measured by the non-contact sensor. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the non-contact sensor is configured to monitor sound. 11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the non-contact sensor comprises an ultrasonic sensor. 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the non-contact sensor comprises an ultrasonic screening sensor. 13. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the one or more sensors comprises a movement sensor configured to generate a movement signal indicative of patient respiration. 14. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein a sensor of the one or more sensors is configured to transmit data to a controller of the respiratory treatment device and wherein the respiratory treatment device comprises a servo-controlled blower. 15. A method for evaluating a heart failure condition of a patient during respiratory pressure treatment comprising:
determining a measure of treatment pressure delivered by a respiratory treatment apparatus with a sensor; and determining a heart failure condition change indicator with a processor based on changes in the measure of treatment pressure over time, the indicator representing information about a change in a heart failure condition of the patient. 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
determining a measure of respiration of the patient with a sensor; and
wherein the determining of the heart failure condition change indicator is further based on the measure of respiration. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the determining of the heart failure condition change indicator comprises a threshold comparison that detects an increase in a proportion of the measure of treatment pressure and an increase in an AHI or apnea count during a common time period. 18. The method of claim 15 further comprising controlling a change to the respiratory pressure treatment of the respiratory treatment apparatus in response to the heart failure condition change indicator. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the change to the respiratory pressure treatment comprises initiating control of ventilation support to meet a target ventilation. 20. The method of claim 15 wherein the indicator is based on detecting a recent trend indicating increases in one or more pressure measures from prior treatment sessions. 21. The method of claim 15 further comprising sensing with one or more sensors configured to sense one or more patient characteristics, and wherein the determining of the heart failure condition change indicator is further based on the sensed one or more patient characteristics. 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the one or more sensors comprises a sensor configured for non-contact sensing. 23. The method of claim 22 wherein the sensor configured for non-contact sensing is configured to detect respiratory parameters from a signal measured by the sensor configured for non-contact sensing. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the sensor configured for non-contact sensing is configured to monitor sound. 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the sensor configured for non-contact sensing comprises an ultrasonic sensor. 26. The method of claim 25 wherein the sensor configured for non-contact sensing comprises an ultrasonic screening sensor. 27. The method of claim 21 wherein the one or more sensors comprises a movement sensor configured to generate a movement signal indicative of patient respiration. 28. The method of claim 21 wherein the one or more sensors are configured to transmit data to a controller of the respiratory treatment apparatus, wherein the respiratory treatment apparatus comprises a servo-controlled blower. | 3,700 |
346,559 | 16,805,022 | 3,792 | An information processing apparatus on which a web browser is executed, the information processing apparatus causes to, in a case where a web site including a web application is accessed from the information processing apparatus, perform an acquisition request to an operating system to acquire information on each connected device if an access request to access a connected device connected to the information processing apparatus is executed based on the web application, provide a first screen for selection of a connected device, access to which is permitted to the web application, from a list of information on connected devices acquired based on the acquisition request, provide a second screen for setting of an identification name corresponding to the selected connected device; and store, in a storage area, information on the selected connected device and an identification name set in the second screen in association with each other. | 1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
at least one memory storing a plurality of instructions related to a web browser; and at least one processor executing the instructions causing the information processing apparatus to: in a case where a web site including a web application is accessed from the information processing apparatus, perform an acquisition request to an operating system of the information processing apparatus to acquire information on each of a plurality of connected devices if an access request to access one of the connected devices connected to the information processing apparatus is executed based on the web application; provide a first screen for selection of a connected device from a list of information on the connected devices acquired based on the acquisition request, access to is the connected device being permitted to the web application provide a second screen for setting of an identification name corresponding to the connected device selected in the first screen; and store, in a storage area, information on the connected device selected in the first screen and an identification name set in the second screen in association with each other. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connected devices are connected to the information processing apparatus via universal serial bus (USB) or Bluetooth®. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where the identification name set in association with the information on the connected device acquired based on the acquisition request has been stored in a storage area, the identification name associated with the information on the connected device is displayed together with the information on the connected device in the list in the first screen. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein information corresponding to the web application is further associated and stored in the storage area in addition to the information on the connected device selected in the first screen and the identification name set in the second screen. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the instructions further cause the information processing apparatus to permit the web application to connect the connected device without providing the first screen in a case where the information on the connected device stored in association with the information corresponding to the web application is acquired according to an acquisition request that is performed in response to an access request based on the web application. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the information processing apparatus to provide a third screen for instructing disconnection of a connected device, access to the connected device is not permitted to the web application, from the information processing apparatus, in a case where same pieces of information are displayed as connected devices different from each other in the list in the first screen. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the information on the connected device acquired based on the acquisition request includes at least any of information for identification of a vendor of the connected device, and information for identification of a product name of the connected device. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the information on the connected device acquired based on the acquisition request includes a serial number of the connected device, and wherein the serial number is displayed as the information on each of the connected device displayed in the list in the first screen. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first screen includes an instruction portion configured to instruct each of the connected devices corresponding to the information displayed in the list to perform notification operation, and wherein the instructions further cause the information processing apparatus to request the operating system to issue a command that causes the connected device instructed by the instruction portion to perform the notification operation. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the notification operation includes at least any of a light emitting operation by a light emitting unit included in the connected device in a predetermined form, a predetermined display operation by a display unit included in the connected device, and a predetermined sound reproducing operation by a speaker included in the connected device. 11. A method for a web browser, the method comprising:
in a case where a web site including a web application is accessed from the web browser, performing an acquisition request to an operating system of an information processing apparatus to acquire information on each of a plurality of connected devices if an access request to access one of the connected devices connected to the information processing apparatus is executed based on the web application; providing a first screen for selection of a connected device from a list of information on the connected devices acquired based on the acquisition request, access to the connected device being permitted the web application; providing a second screen for setting an identification name corresponding to the connected device selected in the first screen; and storing, in a storage area, information on the connected device selected in the first screen and an identification name set in the second screen in association with each other. 12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer executable instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions cause a computer as an information processing apparatus to:
in a case where a web site including a web application is accessed from the information processing apparatus, perform an acquisition request to an operating system of the information processing apparatus to acquire information on each of a plurality of connected devices if an access request to access one of the connected devices connected to the information processing apparatus is executed based on the web application; provide a first screen for selection of a connected device from a list of information on connected devices acquired based on the acquisition request, access to is the connected device permitted to the web application; provide a second screen for setting an identification name corresponding to the connected device selected in the first screen; and store, in a storage area, information on the connected device selected in the first screen and an identification name set in the second screen in association with each other. | An information processing apparatus on which a web browser is executed, the information processing apparatus causes to, in a case where a web site including a web application is accessed from the information processing apparatus, perform an acquisition request to an operating system to acquire information on each connected device if an access request to access a connected device connected to the information processing apparatus is executed based on the web application, provide a first screen for selection of a connected device, access to which is permitted to the web application, from a list of information on connected devices acquired based on the acquisition request, provide a second screen for setting of an identification name corresponding to the selected connected device; and store, in a storage area, information on the selected connected device and an identification name set in the second screen in association with each other.1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:
at least one memory storing a plurality of instructions related to a web browser; and at least one processor executing the instructions causing the information processing apparatus to: in a case where a web site including a web application is accessed from the information processing apparatus, perform an acquisition request to an operating system of the information processing apparatus to acquire information on each of a plurality of connected devices if an access request to access one of the connected devices connected to the information processing apparatus is executed based on the web application; provide a first screen for selection of a connected device from a list of information on the connected devices acquired based on the acquisition request, access to is the connected device being permitted to the web application provide a second screen for setting of an identification name corresponding to the connected device selected in the first screen; and store, in a storage area, information on the connected device selected in the first screen and an identification name set in the second screen in association with each other. 2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connected devices are connected to the information processing apparatus via universal serial bus (USB) or Bluetooth®. 3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where the identification name set in association with the information on the connected device acquired based on the acquisition request has been stored in a storage area, the identification name associated with the information on the connected device is displayed together with the information on the connected device in the list in the first screen. 4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein information corresponding to the web application is further associated and stored in the storage area in addition to the information on the connected device selected in the first screen and the identification name set in the second screen. 5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the instructions further cause the information processing apparatus to permit the web application to connect the connected device without providing the first screen in a case where the information on the connected device stored in association with the information corresponding to the web application is acquired according to an acquisition request that is performed in response to an access request based on the web application. 6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the information processing apparatus to provide a third screen for instructing disconnection of a connected device, access to the connected device is not permitted to the web application, from the information processing apparatus, in a case where same pieces of information are displayed as connected devices different from each other in the list in the first screen. 7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the information on the connected device acquired based on the acquisition request includes at least any of information for identification of a vendor of the connected device, and information for identification of a product name of the connected device. 8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the information on the connected device acquired based on the acquisition request includes a serial number of the connected device, and wherein the serial number is displayed as the information on each of the connected device displayed in the list in the first screen. 9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the first screen includes an instruction portion configured to instruct each of the connected devices corresponding to the information displayed in the list to perform notification operation, and wherein the instructions further cause the information processing apparatus to request the operating system to issue a command that causes the connected device instructed by the instruction portion to perform the notification operation. 10. The information processing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the notification operation includes at least any of a light emitting operation by a light emitting unit included in the connected device in a predetermined form, a predetermined display operation by a display unit included in the connected device, and a predetermined sound reproducing operation by a speaker included in the connected device. 11. A method for a web browser, the method comprising:
in a case where a web site including a web application is accessed from the web browser, performing an acquisition request to an operating system of an information processing apparatus to acquire information on each of a plurality of connected devices if an access request to access one of the connected devices connected to the information processing apparatus is executed based on the web application; providing a first screen for selection of a connected device from a list of information on the connected devices acquired based on the acquisition request, access to the connected device being permitted the web application; providing a second screen for setting an identification name corresponding to the connected device selected in the first screen; and storing, in a storage area, information on the connected device selected in the first screen and an identification name set in the second screen in association with each other. 12. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer executable instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions cause a computer as an information processing apparatus to:
in a case where a web site including a web application is accessed from the information processing apparatus, perform an acquisition request to an operating system of the information processing apparatus to acquire information on each of a plurality of connected devices if an access request to access one of the connected devices connected to the information processing apparatus is executed based on the web application; provide a first screen for selection of a connected device from a list of information on connected devices acquired based on the acquisition request, access to is the connected device permitted to the web application; provide a second screen for setting an identification name corresponding to the connected device selected in the first screen; and store, in a storage area, information on the connected device selected in the first screen and an identification name set in the second screen in association with each other. | 3,700 |
346,560 | 16,805,024 | 3,792 | A method for operating an internal combustion engine with a system for supercharging that includes an exhaust turbocharger and an electrically driven charging device for dynamic assistance during build-up of boost pressure, with: determining a drive criterion of the charging device, establishing an initial quantity of the drive criterion; continuously determining a reduction factor for the drive criterion within a balance period; applying the reduction factor to the initial quantity of the drive criterion; and operating the charging device with the drive criterion reduced by the reduction factor. | 1. A method for operating an internal combustion engine with a system for supercharging that includes an exhaust turbocharger and an electrically driven charging device for dynamic assistance during build-up of boost pressure, the method comprising:
determining a drive criterion of the charging device; establishing an initial quantity of the drive criterion; continuously determining a reduction factor for the drive criterion within a balance period; applying the reduction factor to the initial quantity of the drive criterion; and operating the charging device with the drive criterion reduced by the reduction factor. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drive criterion includes: a drive torque, a drive speed, a supply current, and/or a supply voltage. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reduction factor includes an electric consumption/recuperation factor or the reduction factor includes the electric consumption/recuperation factor and: a thermodynamic factor; a state of charge factor; or a temperature factor. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the consumption/recuperation factor takes into account an energy difference determined over a second balance period between a recuperated energy quantity and an assistance energy quantity, and a demand energy quantity determined for the first balance period using the following relationship: 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the first balance period is less than the second balance period. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the first balance period is 1 to 10 min, or is 2 to 3 min. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the consumption/recuperation factor is taken into account as a reduction factor when the consumption / recuperation factor is less than one. 8. The method according to claim 3, wherein the thermodynamic factor is determined such that it reduces a maximum of the drive criterion such that a maximum thermodynamically reasonable boost pressure is built up during the dynamic assistance via the charging device. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the state of charge factor is determined from a difference between an actual state of charge and a state of charge limit. 10. The method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature factor is determined from a difference between a critical component temperature and an actual component temperature. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the temperature factor results from the relationship: 12. A control unit for an internal combustion engine that is equipped to adjust the system for supercharging according to the method from claim 1. 13. An electrically driven charging device that is designed as an EAT or an EDC, and is operated according to the method from claim 1, wherein the drive criterion is a drive torque in the case of a charging device designed as an EAT and is a drive speed in the case of a charging device designed as an EDC. 14. An internal combustion engine with a charging device according to claim 13. 15. A motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine according to claim 14. | A method for operating an internal combustion engine with a system for supercharging that includes an exhaust turbocharger and an electrically driven charging device for dynamic assistance during build-up of boost pressure, with: determining a drive criterion of the charging device, establishing an initial quantity of the drive criterion; continuously determining a reduction factor for the drive criterion within a balance period; applying the reduction factor to the initial quantity of the drive criterion; and operating the charging device with the drive criterion reduced by the reduction factor.1. A method for operating an internal combustion engine with a system for supercharging that includes an exhaust turbocharger and an electrically driven charging device for dynamic assistance during build-up of boost pressure, the method comprising:
determining a drive criterion of the charging device; establishing an initial quantity of the drive criterion; continuously determining a reduction factor for the drive criterion within a balance period; applying the reduction factor to the initial quantity of the drive criterion; and operating the charging device with the drive criterion reduced by the reduction factor. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drive criterion includes: a drive torque, a drive speed, a supply current, and/or a supply voltage. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reduction factor includes an electric consumption/recuperation factor or the reduction factor includes the electric consumption/recuperation factor and: a thermodynamic factor; a state of charge factor; or a temperature factor. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the consumption/recuperation factor takes into account an energy difference determined over a second balance period between a recuperated energy quantity and an assistance energy quantity, and a demand energy quantity determined for the first balance period using the following relationship: 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the first balance period is less than the second balance period. 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the first balance period is 1 to 10 min, or is 2 to 3 min. 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein the consumption/recuperation factor is taken into account as a reduction factor when the consumption / recuperation factor is less than one. 8. The method according to claim 3, wherein the thermodynamic factor is determined such that it reduces a maximum of the drive criterion such that a maximum thermodynamically reasonable boost pressure is built up during the dynamic assistance via the charging device. 9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the state of charge factor is determined from a difference between an actual state of charge and a state of charge limit. 10. The method according to claim 3, wherein the temperature factor is determined from a difference between a critical component temperature and an actual component temperature. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the temperature factor results from the relationship: 12. A control unit for an internal combustion engine that is equipped to adjust the system for supercharging according to the method from claim 1. 13. An electrically driven charging device that is designed as an EAT or an EDC, and is operated according to the method from claim 1, wherein the drive criterion is a drive torque in the case of a charging device designed as an EAT and is a drive speed in the case of a charging device designed as an EDC. 14. An internal combustion engine with a charging device according to claim 13. 15. A motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine according to claim 14. | 3,700 |
346,561 | 16,805,020 | 3,792 | This application relates to the field of optical imaging technologies, and discloses a lens system and an image photographing apparatus and device, so as to obtain a larger image on an imaging surface, thereby facilitating product miniaturization. The lens system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens that are sequentially arranged in an optic axis direction from an object side to an image side, where the first lens has a positive refractive power, the second lens has a negative refractive power, the third lens has a negative refractive power, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, and the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and has a convex image-side surface. | 1. A lens system, comprising:
a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens that are sequentially arranged in an optic axis direction from an object side to an image side, wherein the first lens has a positive refractive power, the second lens has a negative refractive power, the third lens has a negative refractive power, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, and the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and has a convex image-side surface. 2. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the lens system has an effective focal length (f) within a range from 11.0 millimeters (mm) to 13.00 mm, the lens system has a total track length (TTL) within a range from 8.0 mm to 12.00 mm, and the lens system has a telephoto ratio (TTL/f) within a range from 0.74 to 1.0. 3. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein:
the first lens has a convex object-side surface; the second lens has a convex image-side surface and has a concave object-side surface; the third lens has a concave image-side surface; and the fourth lens has a convex image-side surface. 4. The lens system according to claim 3, wherein a curvature radius of an edge region and a curvature radius of a non-edge region on the object-side surface of the second lens are different, and the curvature radius of the edge region on the object-side surface of the second lens is negative. 5. The lens system according to claim 3, wherein a curvature radius of an edge region and a curvature radius of a non-edge region on the object-side surface of the second lens are different, and the curvature radius of the edge region on the object-side surface of the second lens is positive. 6. The lens system according to claim 3, wherein the third lens and the fifth lens are made of materials having a first abbe coefficient, and the first lens, the second lens, and the fourth lens are made of materials having a second abbe coefficient. 7. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein
the first lens has a convex object-side surface or a flat object-side surface and has a positive focal length, and the first lens satisfies the following conditions: 0.3<f1/f<0.6, and −1.0<R1/R2<0, wherein f1 indicates the focal length of the first lens, R 1 indicates a vertex curvature radius of the object-side surface of the first lens, and R2 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the first lens; the second lens, the third lens, and the fifth lens have negative focal lengths, and satisfy the following conditions: −0.8<f2/ f<−0.1, and −100<R3/R4<100; −0.8<f3/ f<−0.1, and −100<R5/R6<100; and −0.8<f5/ f<−0.1, and −0.1<R9/R10<10, wherein f2 indicates a focal length of the second lens, f3 indicates a focal length of the third lens, f5 indicates a focal length of the fifth lens, R3 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the second lens, R4 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the second lens, R5 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the third lens, R6 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the third lens, R9 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the fifth lens, and R10 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the fifth lens; and the fourth lens has a positive focal length, and satisfies the following conditions: 0.4<f4/f<2.0, and 0<R7/R8<20, wherein f4 indicates the focal length of the fourth lens, R7 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the fourth lens, and R8 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the fourth lens. 8. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein:
the first lens has a convex object-side surface; the second lens has a concave image-side surface; the third lens has a concave image-side surface; and the fourth lens has a convex image-side surface. 9. The lens system according to claim 8, wherein a curvature radius of an edge region and a curvature radius of a non-edge region on the image-side surface of the third lens are different, and the curvature radius of the edge region on the image-side surface of the third lens is negative. 10. The lens system according to claim 8, wherein the first lens and the third lens are made of materials having a first abbe coefficient, and the second lens, the fourth lens, and the fifth lens are made of materials having a second abbe coefficient. 11. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the first lens has a convex object-side surface or a flat object-side surface and has a positive focal length, and the first lens satisfies the following conditions:
0.3<f1/f<0.6, and −1.0<R1/R2<0, wherein f1 indicates the focal length of the first lens, R 1 indicates a vertex curvature radius of the object-side surface of the first lens, and R2 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the first lens; the second lens, the third lens, and the fifth lens have negative focal lengths, and satisfy the following conditions: −0.8<f2/f<−0.1, and −100<R3/R4<100; −0.8<f3/f<−0.1, and −100<R5/R6<100; and −0.8<f5/f<−0.1, and −0.1<R9/R10<10, wherein f2 indicates a focal length of the second lens, f3 indicates a focal length of the third lens, f5 indicates a focal length of the fifth lens, R3 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the second lens, R4 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the second lens, R5 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the third lens, R6 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the third lens, R9 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the fifth lens, and R10 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the fifth lens; and the fourth lens has a positive focal length, and satisfies the following conditions: 0.4<f4/f<0.8, and 0<R7/R8<20, wherein f4 indicates the focal length of the fourth lens, R7 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the fourth lens, and R8 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the fourth lens. 12. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein a field of view of the lens system is less than or equal to 25°. 13. An image photographing apparatus, comprising:
a photoreceptor, configured to capture light projected onto a surface of the photoreceptor; and a lens system, configured to refract light that comes from an object field located in front of the image photographing apparatus, to form an image of a scene on an imaging plane that is located on the surface of the photoreceptor, wherein the lens system comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens that are sequentially arranged in an optic axis direction from an object side to an image side, wherein the first lens has a positive refractive power, the second lens has a negative refractive power, the third lens has a negative refractive power, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, and the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and has a convex image-side surface. 14. The image photographing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the image photographing apparatus further comprises an aperture stop on an object side of a first lens located on an object side on an optic axis of the lens system, or the image photographing apparatus further comprises an aperture stop between the first lens and the second lens that are located on an object side on an optic axis of the lens system. 15. The image photographing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the aperture stop provides a focal ratio within a range from 2.4 to 10 after being adjusted. 16. The image photographing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the image photographing apparatus further comprises a light filter on an image side of the first lens located on an image side on an optic axis of the lens system. 17. An image photographing device, comprising:
a processor, a memory, and an image photographing apparatus, wherein the processor, the memory, and the image photographing apparatus are coupled and connected through a bus; the memory comprises one or more instructions that are executed by the processor to control an operation of the image photographing apparatus; and wherein the image photographing apparatus further comprises a photoreceptor and a lens system, wherein the photoreceptor is configured to capture light projected onto a surface of the photoreceptor, and the lens system is configured to refract light that comes from an object field located in front of the image photographing apparatus, to form an image of a scene on an imaging plane that is located on the surface of the photoreceptor, and wherein the lens system comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens that are sequentially arranged in an optic axis direction from an object side to an image side, wherein the first lens has a positive refractive power, the second lens has a negative refractive power, the third lens has a negative refractive power, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, and the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and has a convex image-side surface. | This application relates to the field of optical imaging technologies, and discloses a lens system and an image photographing apparatus and device, so as to obtain a larger image on an imaging surface, thereby facilitating product miniaturization. The lens system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens that are sequentially arranged in an optic axis direction from an object side to an image side, where the first lens has a positive refractive power, the second lens has a negative refractive power, the third lens has a negative refractive power, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, and the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and has a convex image-side surface.1. A lens system, comprising:
a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens that are sequentially arranged in an optic axis direction from an object side to an image side, wherein the first lens has a positive refractive power, the second lens has a negative refractive power, the third lens has a negative refractive power, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, and the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and has a convex image-side surface. 2. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the lens system has an effective focal length (f) within a range from 11.0 millimeters (mm) to 13.00 mm, the lens system has a total track length (TTL) within a range from 8.0 mm to 12.00 mm, and the lens system has a telephoto ratio (TTL/f) within a range from 0.74 to 1.0. 3. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein:
the first lens has a convex object-side surface; the second lens has a convex image-side surface and has a concave object-side surface; the third lens has a concave image-side surface; and the fourth lens has a convex image-side surface. 4. The lens system according to claim 3, wherein a curvature radius of an edge region and a curvature radius of a non-edge region on the object-side surface of the second lens are different, and the curvature radius of the edge region on the object-side surface of the second lens is negative. 5. The lens system according to claim 3, wherein a curvature radius of an edge region and a curvature radius of a non-edge region on the object-side surface of the second lens are different, and the curvature radius of the edge region on the object-side surface of the second lens is positive. 6. The lens system according to claim 3, wherein the third lens and the fifth lens are made of materials having a first abbe coefficient, and the first lens, the second lens, and the fourth lens are made of materials having a second abbe coefficient. 7. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein
the first lens has a convex object-side surface or a flat object-side surface and has a positive focal length, and the first lens satisfies the following conditions: 0.3<f1/f<0.6, and −1.0<R1/R2<0, wherein f1 indicates the focal length of the first lens, R 1 indicates a vertex curvature radius of the object-side surface of the first lens, and R2 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the first lens; the second lens, the third lens, and the fifth lens have negative focal lengths, and satisfy the following conditions: −0.8<f2/ f<−0.1, and −100<R3/R4<100; −0.8<f3/ f<−0.1, and −100<R5/R6<100; and −0.8<f5/ f<−0.1, and −0.1<R9/R10<10, wherein f2 indicates a focal length of the second lens, f3 indicates a focal length of the third lens, f5 indicates a focal length of the fifth lens, R3 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the second lens, R4 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the second lens, R5 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the third lens, R6 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the third lens, R9 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the fifth lens, and R10 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the fifth lens; and the fourth lens has a positive focal length, and satisfies the following conditions: 0.4<f4/f<2.0, and 0<R7/R8<20, wherein f4 indicates the focal length of the fourth lens, R7 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the fourth lens, and R8 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the fourth lens. 8. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein:
the first lens has a convex object-side surface; the second lens has a concave image-side surface; the third lens has a concave image-side surface; and the fourth lens has a convex image-side surface. 9. The lens system according to claim 8, wherein a curvature radius of an edge region and a curvature radius of a non-edge region on the image-side surface of the third lens are different, and the curvature radius of the edge region on the image-side surface of the third lens is negative. 10. The lens system according to claim 8, wherein the first lens and the third lens are made of materials having a first abbe coefficient, and the second lens, the fourth lens, and the fifth lens are made of materials having a second abbe coefficient. 11. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein the first lens has a convex object-side surface or a flat object-side surface and has a positive focal length, and the first lens satisfies the following conditions:
0.3<f1/f<0.6, and −1.0<R1/R2<0, wherein f1 indicates the focal length of the first lens, R 1 indicates a vertex curvature radius of the object-side surface of the first lens, and R2 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the first lens; the second lens, the third lens, and the fifth lens have negative focal lengths, and satisfy the following conditions: −0.8<f2/f<−0.1, and −100<R3/R4<100; −0.8<f3/f<−0.1, and −100<R5/R6<100; and −0.8<f5/f<−0.1, and −0.1<R9/R10<10, wherein f2 indicates a focal length of the second lens, f3 indicates a focal length of the third lens, f5 indicates a focal length of the fifth lens, R3 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the second lens, R4 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the second lens, R5 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the third lens, R6 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the third lens, R9 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the fifth lens, and R10 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the fifth lens; and the fourth lens has a positive focal length, and satisfies the following conditions: 0.4<f4/f<0.8, and 0<R7/R8<20, wherein f4 indicates the focal length of the fourth lens, R7 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an object-side surface of the fourth lens, and R8 indicates a vertex curvature radius of an image-side surface of the fourth lens. 12. The lens system according to claim 1, wherein a field of view of the lens system is less than or equal to 25°. 13. An image photographing apparatus, comprising:
a photoreceptor, configured to capture light projected onto a surface of the photoreceptor; and a lens system, configured to refract light that comes from an object field located in front of the image photographing apparatus, to form an image of a scene on an imaging plane that is located on the surface of the photoreceptor, wherein the lens system comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens that are sequentially arranged in an optic axis direction from an object side to an image side, wherein the first lens has a positive refractive power, the second lens has a negative refractive power, the third lens has a negative refractive power, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, and the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and has a convex image-side surface. 14. The image photographing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the image photographing apparatus further comprises an aperture stop on an object side of a first lens located on an object side on an optic axis of the lens system, or the image photographing apparatus further comprises an aperture stop between the first lens and the second lens that are located on an object side on an optic axis of the lens system. 15. The image photographing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the aperture stop provides a focal ratio within a range from 2.4 to 10 after being adjusted. 16. The image photographing apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the image photographing apparatus further comprises a light filter on an image side of the first lens located on an image side on an optic axis of the lens system. 17. An image photographing device, comprising:
a processor, a memory, and an image photographing apparatus, wherein the processor, the memory, and the image photographing apparatus are coupled and connected through a bus; the memory comprises one or more instructions that are executed by the processor to control an operation of the image photographing apparatus; and wherein the image photographing apparatus further comprises a photoreceptor and a lens system, wherein the photoreceptor is configured to capture light projected onto a surface of the photoreceptor, and the lens system is configured to refract light that comes from an object field located in front of the image photographing apparatus, to form an image of a scene on an imaging plane that is located on the surface of the photoreceptor, and wherein the lens system comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens that are sequentially arranged in an optic axis direction from an object side to an image side, wherein the first lens has a positive refractive power, the second lens has a negative refractive power, the third lens has a negative refractive power, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, and the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and has a convex image-side surface. | 3,700 |
346,562 | 16,805,042 | 3,792 | The invention relates to surfactants of general formula (I) in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl or alkenylaryl group having 5-25 C atoms and X+ represents a charge-balancing cation. The surfactants can be incorporated into detergents or cleaning agents, have excellent technological application properties and can be produced based on renewable raw materials. | 1. An anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 2. A method for preparing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl or alkenylaryl group having 5 to 25 C atoms and X+ represents a charge-balancing cation, by a) reaction of tetrahydrofurfural with a Grignard compound R—Mg-Hal, in which R has the meaning specified above and Hal is selected from Br and I, and b) sulfation using a sulfating agent and optionally neutralization by subsequent reaction with X+OH−, X+HCO− 3 or X+ 2CO2− 3 in which X+ represents an alkali metal cation or a grouping N+R1R2R3, in which R1, R2 and R3 represent, independently of one another, hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms. 4. A washing or cleaning agent containing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 5. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it contains 1 wt. % to 99 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 6. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it additionally contains up to 99 wt. % of additional surfactant. 7. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it is particulate and contains builders or in that it is liquid and contains 1 wt. % to 90 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 8. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it is portioned ready for individual dosing in a chamber made of water-soluble material and contains less than 15 wt. % of water. 9. The surfactant according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 7-21 C atoms. 10. The agent according to claim 5, wherein it contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 11. The agent according to claim 6, wherein it additionally contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of additional surfactant. 12. The agent according to claim 7, wherein it contains builders in an amount in the range of 1 wt. % to 60 wt. %, or in that it is liquid and contains 10 wt. % to 85 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 13. The agent according to claim 8, wherein it the water-soluble chamber contains a range of 1 wt. % to 12 wt. % of water. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 7-21 C atoms. 15. The method according to claim 3, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 7-21 C atoms. 16. The agent according to claim 4, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 7-21 C atoms. | The invention relates to surfactants of general formula (I) in which R represents a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl or alkenylaryl group having 5-25 C atoms and X+ represents a charge-balancing cation. The surfactants can be incorporated into detergents or cleaning agents, have excellent technological application properties and can be produced based on renewable raw materials.1. An anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 2. A method for preparing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein R represents a linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl or alkenylaryl group having 5 to 25 C atoms and X+ represents a charge-balancing cation, by a) reaction of tetrahydrofurfural with a Grignard compound R—Mg-Hal, in which R has the meaning specified above and Hal is selected from Br and I, and b) sulfation using a sulfating agent and optionally neutralization by subsequent reaction with X+OH−, X+HCO− 3 or X+ 2CO2− 3 in which X+ represents an alkali metal cation or a grouping N+R1R2R3, in which R1, R2 and R3 represent, independently of one another, hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms. 4. A washing or cleaning agent containing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 5. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it contains 1 wt. % to 99 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 6. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it additionally contains up to 99 wt. % of additional surfactant. 7. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it is particulate and contains builders or in that it is liquid and contains 1 wt. % to 90 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 8. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it is portioned ready for individual dosing in a chamber made of water-soluble material and contains less than 15 wt. % of water. 9. The surfactant according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 7-21 C atoms. 10. The agent according to claim 5, wherein it contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 11. The agent according to claim 6, wherein it additionally contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of additional surfactant. 12. The agent according to claim 7, wherein it contains builders in an amount in the range of 1 wt. % to 60 wt. %, or in that it is liquid and contains 10 wt. % to 85 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 13. The agent according to claim 8, wherein it the water-soluble chamber contains a range of 1 wt. % to 12 wt. % of water. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 7-21 C atoms. 15. The method according to claim 3, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 7-21 C atoms. 16. The agent according to claim 4, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 7-21 C atoms. | 3,700 |
346,563 | 16,804,997 | 3,792 | Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to predict in-tab drop using artificial intelligence are disclosed. An example apparatus includes an interface to obtain (A) contextual data obtained from servers and (B) validated in-tab totals, the validated in-tab totals corresponding to a number of meters in a location that have transmitted metering data within a threshold duration of time; a filter to filter at least one of the contextual data based on the location; and a model trainer to train a model using filtered contextual data and the validated in-tab totals, the model trainer to train the model to estimate an in-tab total for the location based on input contextual data corresponding to the location. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
an interface to obtain (A) contextual data obtained from a server and (B) validated in-tab totals, the validated in-tab totals corresponding to a number of meters in a location that have transmitted metering data within a threshold duration of time; a filter to filter at least one of the contextual data based on the location; and a model trainer to train a model using filtered contextual data and the validated in-tab totals, the model trainer to train the model to estimate an in-tab total for the location based on input contextual data corresponding to the location. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the contextual data includes that that corresponds to information that may result in a meter dropping out-of-tab. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the threshold duration of time is a first threshold duration of time, the contextual data corresponding to a second threshold duration of time from when the validated in-tab totals were obtained. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further including:
a model implementor to implement the model to estimate the in-tab total for the location based on the input contextual data corresponding to the location; a report generator to, when the estimated in-tab total is below a threshold, generate a report including the estimated in-tab total; and the interface to transmit the report. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the filter is to determine an actual in-tab total for the location, the report generator to compare the actual in-tab total to the estimated in-tab total. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further including a problem mitigator to identify a technical issue with a meter of the meters when the estimated in-tab total is lower than the actual in-tab total. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, further including a problem mitigator to mitigate a technical issue with a meter of the meters when the estimated in-tab total is lower than the actual in-tab total. 8. The apparatus of claim 4, further including an explainability determiner to determine explainability information identifying a factor that the model relied on in determining the estimation. 9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause one or more processors to at least:
obtain (A) contextual data obtained from servers and (B) validated in-tab totals, the validated in-tab totals corresponding to a number of meters in a location that have transmitted metering data within a threshold duration of time; filter at least one of the contextual data based on the location; and train a model using filtered contextual data and the validated in-tab totals, the trained model to estimate an in-tab total for the location based on input contextual data corresponding to the location. 10. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the contextual data includes that that corresponds to information that may result in a meter dropping out-of-tab. 11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the threshold duration of time is a first threshold duration of time, the contextual data corresponding to a second threshold duration of time from when the validated in-tab totals were obtained. 12. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the one or more processors to:
implement the model to estimate the in-tab total for the location based on the input contextual data corresponding to the location; in response to the estimated in-tab total being below a threshold, generate a report including the estimated in-tab total; and transmit the report. 13. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to:
determine an actual in-tab total for the location; and compare the actual in-tab total to the estimated in-tab total. 14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to identify a technical issue with a meter of the meters when the estimated in-tab total is lower than the actual in-tab total. 15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to mitigate a technical issue with a meter of the meters when the estimated in-tab total is lower than the actual in-tab total. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to determine explainability information identifying a factor that the model relied on in determining the estimation. 17. A method comprising:
obtaining (A) contextual data obtained from servers and (B) validated in-tab totals, the validated in-tab totals corresponding to a number of meters in a location that have transmitted metering data within a threshold duration of time; filtering at least one of the contextual data based on the location; and training a model using filtered contextual data and the validated in-tab totals, the trained model to estimate an in-tab total for the location based on input contextual data corresponding to the location. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the contextual data includes that that corresponds to information that may result in a meter dropping out-of-tab. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the threshold duration of time is a first threshold duration of time, the contextual data corresponding to a second threshold duration of time from when the validated in-tab totals were obtained. 20. The method of claim 17, further including:
implementing the model to estimate the in-tab total for the location based on the input contextual data corresponding to the location; when the estimated in-tab total is below a threshold, generating a report including the estimated in-tab total; and transmitting the report. | Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to predict in-tab drop using artificial intelligence are disclosed. An example apparatus includes an interface to obtain (A) contextual data obtained from servers and (B) validated in-tab totals, the validated in-tab totals corresponding to a number of meters in a location that have transmitted metering data within a threshold duration of time; a filter to filter at least one of the contextual data based on the location; and a model trainer to train a model using filtered contextual data and the validated in-tab totals, the model trainer to train the model to estimate an in-tab total for the location based on input contextual data corresponding to the location.1. An apparatus comprising:
an interface to obtain (A) contextual data obtained from a server and (B) validated in-tab totals, the validated in-tab totals corresponding to a number of meters in a location that have transmitted metering data within a threshold duration of time; a filter to filter at least one of the contextual data based on the location; and a model trainer to train a model using filtered contextual data and the validated in-tab totals, the model trainer to train the model to estimate an in-tab total for the location based on input contextual data corresponding to the location. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the contextual data includes that that corresponds to information that may result in a meter dropping out-of-tab. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the threshold duration of time is a first threshold duration of time, the contextual data corresponding to a second threshold duration of time from when the validated in-tab totals were obtained. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, further including:
a model implementor to implement the model to estimate the in-tab total for the location based on the input contextual data corresponding to the location; a report generator to, when the estimated in-tab total is below a threshold, generate a report including the estimated in-tab total; and the interface to transmit the report. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the filter is to determine an actual in-tab total for the location, the report generator to compare the actual in-tab total to the estimated in-tab total. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, further including a problem mitigator to identify a technical issue with a meter of the meters when the estimated in-tab total is lower than the actual in-tab total. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, further including a problem mitigator to mitigate a technical issue with a meter of the meters when the estimated in-tab total is lower than the actual in-tab total. 8. The apparatus of claim 4, further including an explainability determiner to determine explainability information identifying a factor that the model relied on in determining the estimation. 9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed, cause one or more processors to at least:
obtain (A) contextual data obtained from servers and (B) validated in-tab totals, the validated in-tab totals corresponding to a number of meters in a location that have transmitted metering data within a threshold duration of time; filter at least one of the contextual data based on the location; and train a model using filtered contextual data and the validated in-tab totals, the trained model to estimate an in-tab total for the location based on input contextual data corresponding to the location. 10. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the contextual data includes that that corresponds to information that may result in a meter dropping out-of-tab. 11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the threshold duration of time is a first threshold duration of time, the contextual data corresponding to a second threshold duration of time from when the validated in-tab totals were obtained. 12. The computer readable storage medium of claim 9, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the one or more processors to:
implement the model to estimate the in-tab total for the location based on the input contextual data corresponding to the location; in response to the estimated in-tab total being below a threshold, generate a report including the estimated in-tab total; and transmit the report. 13. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to:
determine an actual in-tab total for the location; and compare the actual in-tab total to the estimated in-tab total. 14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to identify a technical issue with a meter of the meters when the estimated in-tab total is lower than the actual in-tab total. 15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to mitigate a technical issue with a meter of the meters when the estimated in-tab total is lower than the actual in-tab total. 16. The computer readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the instructions cause the one or more processors to determine explainability information identifying a factor that the model relied on in determining the estimation. 17. A method comprising:
obtaining (A) contextual data obtained from servers and (B) validated in-tab totals, the validated in-tab totals corresponding to a number of meters in a location that have transmitted metering data within a threshold duration of time; filtering at least one of the contextual data based on the location; and training a model using filtered contextual data and the validated in-tab totals, the trained model to estimate an in-tab total for the location based on input contextual data corresponding to the location. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the contextual data includes that that corresponds to information that may result in a meter dropping out-of-tab. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the threshold duration of time is a first threshold duration of time, the contextual data corresponding to a second threshold duration of time from when the validated in-tab totals were obtained. 20. The method of claim 17, further including:
implementing the model to estimate the in-tab total for the location based on the input contextual data corresponding to the location; when the estimated in-tab total is below a threshold, generating a report including the estimated in-tab total; and transmitting the report. | 3,700 |
346,564 | 16,805,006 | 3,792 | An exemplary detection apparatus includes a housing having one or more sensors of one or more sensor types, an optional port for detachably mounting one or more of the sensors, and an optional motive system associated with a mode of transport for movement in an area of interest. A sensor circuit receives a signal originating from the one or more sensors, identifies the signal, optionally processes the signal data, and packages the raw signal data or processed signal data, as applicable, for transmission over a network. A control circuit establishes communication with the network for sending or receiving sensor data to/from other devices connected to the network, and controls the motive system for moving the apparatus to locations in the area of interest. | 1. A detection system, comprising:
plural detection devices configured to be deployed in an area of interest, each detection device including:
a housing with an attached sensor type or having a port for detachably mounting one or more sensors of one or more sensor types;
one or more sensor circuits configured to receive sensor data from the sensors and package the sensor data for transmission over a network; and
a control circuit configured to establish communication with the network for sending or receiving sensor data to or from, respectively, other devices connected to the network. 2. The system according to claim 1, comprising:
a command server configured to monitor and control each deployed detection device within the area of interest, wherein each detection device is configured to transmit at least one of obtained or processed sensor data to the command server. 3. The system according to claim 2, comprising:
a motive system built into the housing or attached to the housing and associated with a mode of transport appropriate for movement in the area of interest, wherein the control circuit is configured to control the motive features of the housing for moving the device to a geo-location or spatial location in the area of interest according to the mode of transport, and wherein the command server is configured to receive geo-location or spatial data from at least one detection device, and send control signals to the control circuit for controlling the motive features of the housing of the at least one detection device to position or move the at least one detection device within the area of interest. 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein a first detection device of the one or more detection devices is configured to receive geo-location or spatial data from at least one second detection device, and control the motive features of the housing of the first detection device to coordinate a respective position or movement with the at least one second detection device, wherein the received geo-location or spatial data indicates a position or movement of at least one second detection device. 5. The system according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the one or more plural detection devices is connected to the command server as an intermediary communication device to receive or transmit data from or to, respectively, the command server and one or more other detection devices. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein a first detection device of the one or more detection devices is configured to receive spatial data from at least one second detection device of the one or more detection devices and process the data to perform one or more of detection, identification or tracking. 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the motive system includes a propulsion system for movement on land, or through air, space, or water. 8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to control the motive system for full or partial submersion of the housing in water. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor data for transmission is raw sensor data or data resulting from the detection device processing the raw sensor data prior to transmission to the command server. 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the sensor circuit is configured to package the raw sensor data or the data resulting from the detection device processing the raw sensor data into one or more protocol buffers. 11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the command server includes:
a memory encoded with program code for causing the control circuit to perform one or more actions including:
generating one or more real-time visualizations of sensor data received from at least one of the one or more sensors, or
remotely controlling one or more of the deployed sensors,
the control circuit including a processor configured to execute the program code encoded in the memory, and an interface for:
displaying the one or more visualizations generated by the processor, or
transmitting sensor data or the one or more visualizations for automated or other processing or command and control functions. 12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the one or more real-time visualizations displayed by the interface includes one or more of:
real-time geo-location or spatial data of at least one of the one or more detection devices; historical location data displayed as a breadcrumb trail of at least one of the one or more detection devices; and a time series graph of historical signal data collected and classified by a respective sensor, wherein each series displayed in the time series graph represents a different type of signal. 13. The system according to claim 11 comprising:
a database configured to store sensor data communicated to the command server from the one or more detection devices. 14. The system according to claim 1, comprising:
a mobile communication device configured for wireless communication with the command server, the mobile communication device including memory encoded with program code for generating one or more visualizations of sensor data received from the command server, a processor configured to execute the program code, and an interface for displaying the one or more visualizations generated by the processor. 15. A detection apparatus, comprising:
a housing having one or more ports for detachably mounting one or more sensors of one or more sensor types and including a motive system associated with a mode of transport for movement in an area of interest; a sensor circuit configured to receive sensor data via the port and package the sensor data for transmission over a network; and a control circuit configured to:
establish communication with the network for sending or receiving sensor data to or from other devices, respectively, that are connected to the network; and
control the motive system of the housing for moving the apparatus to locations in the area of interest. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the housing includes an inner chamber, the apparatus comprising:
a card removably mounted within the inner chamber; a substrate mounted on the card; components of the sensor circuit mounted on the substrate; a battery mounted to the substrate, wherein the battery is rechargeable; and one or more photovoltaic cells mounted to the housing and configured to supply the battery with energy for charging. 17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the sensor is configured to detect:
an RF signal emitted by an object or capture an image of an object, or maritime signals transmitted by maritime vessels or cellular signals. 18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the control circuit includes:
circuitry configured for communication over a mesh network; and a processor configured with program code for converting the sensor data to protocol buffers for transmission over the mesh network. 19. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein:
the motive system includes a propulsion system for one of movement on land, or through air, space, or water; the control circuit for a water motive system is configured to control the motive features for full or partial submersion of the housing in water, and the control circuit of a first detection apparatus is configured to receive geo-location or spatial data indicating a position or movement of at least one other detection device and control the motive system of the first detection apparatus to coordinate a position or movement relative to the at least one other detection apparatus. 20. A method for detection in an area of interest, comprising:
deploying one or more mobile detection devices in the area of interest; detecting, via a sensor mounted to a first detection device, a signal in the area of interest; processing, via the first detection device, the signal to generate sensor data that identifies or tracks an object in the area of interest; superimposing, via the first detection device, geo-location or spatial data of the object and the detection device onto the sensor data; processing, via the one or more second detection devices, their respective signals from the area of interest to generate respective processed sensor data that identifies or tracks the object in the area of interest and superimposing their respective geo-location or spatial data onto their respective processed sensor data; one or more second detection devices transmitting via a network to the first detection device their processed data with their superimposed geo-location or spatial sensor data related to the object in the area of interest; the first detection device receiving via the network from the one or more second detection devices their respective processed sensor data with their superimposed geo-location or spatial sensor data related to the object in the area of interest; superimposing, via the first detection device, the geo-location or spatial data of the object and the first detection device onto the sensor data; and moving, the first detection device relative to or in coordination with the one or more second detection devices to maintain observation of the detected object. | An exemplary detection apparatus includes a housing having one or more sensors of one or more sensor types, an optional port for detachably mounting one or more of the sensors, and an optional motive system associated with a mode of transport for movement in an area of interest. A sensor circuit receives a signal originating from the one or more sensors, identifies the signal, optionally processes the signal data, and packages the raw signal data or processed signal data, as applicable, for transmission over a network. A control circuit establishes communication with the network for sending or receiving sensor data to/from other devices connected to the network, and controls the motive system for moving the apparatus to locations in the area of interest.1. A detection system, comprising:
plural detection devices configured to be deployed in an area of interest, each detection device including:
a housing with an attached sensor type or having a port for detachably mounting one or more sensors of one or more sensor types;
one or more sensor circuits configured to receive sensor data from the sensors and package the sensor data for transmission over a network; and
a control circuit configured to establish communication with the network for sending or receiving sensor data to or from, respectively, other devices connected to the network. 2. The system according to claim 1, comprising:
a command server configured to monitor and control each deployed detection device within the area of interest, wherein each detection device is configured to transmit at least one of obtained or processed sensor data to the command server. 3. The system according to claim 2, comprising:
a motive system built into the housing or attached to the housing and associated with a mode of transport appropriate for movement in the area of interest, wherein the control circuit is configured to control the motive features of the housing for moving the device to a geo-location or spatial location in the area of interest according to the mode of transport, and wherein the command server is configured to receive geo-location or spatial data from at least one detection device, and send control signals to the control circuit for controlling the motive features of the housing of the at least one detection device to position or move the at least one detection device within the area of interest. 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein a first detection device of the one or more detection devices is configured to receive geo-location or spatial data from at least one second detection device, and control the motive features of the housing of the first detection device to coordinate a respective position or movement with the at least one second detection device, wherein the received geo-location or spatial data indicates a position or movement of at least one second detection device. 5. The system according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the one or more plural detection devices is connected to the command server as an intermediary communication device to receive or transmit data from or to, respectively, the command server and one or more other detection devices. 6. The system according to claim 1, wherein a first detection device of the one or more detection devices is configured to receive spatial data from at least one second detection device of the one or more detection devices and process the data to perform one or more of detection, identification or tracking. 7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the motive system includes a propulsion system for movement on land, or through air, space, or water. 8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to control the motive system for full or partial submersion of the housing in water. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the sensor data for transmission is raw sensor data or data resulting from the detection device processing the raw sensor data prior to transmission to the command server. 10. The system according to claim 9, wherein the sensor circuit is configured to package the raw sensor data or the data resulting from the detection device processing the raw sensor data into one or more protocol buffers. 11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the command server includes:
a memory encoded with program code for causing the control circuit to perform one or more actions including:
generating one or more real-time visualizations of sensor data received from at least one of the one or more sensors, or
remotely controlling one or more of the deployed sensors,
the control circuit including a processor configured to execute the program code encoded in the memory, and an interface for:
displaying the one or more visualizations generated by the processor, or
transmitting sensor data or the one or more visualizations for automated or other processing or command and control functions. 12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the one or more real-time visualizations displayed by the interface includes one or more of:
real-time geo-location or spatial data of at least one of the one or more detection devices; historical location data displayed as a breadcrumb trail of at least one of the one or more detection devices; and a time series graph of historical signal data collected and classified by a respective sensor, wherein each series displayed in the time series graph represents a different type of signal. 13. The system according to claim 11 comprising:
a database configured to store sensor data communicated to the command server from the one or more detection devices. 14. The system according to claim 1, comprising:
a mobile communication device configured for wireless communication with the command server, the mobile communication device including memory encoded with program code for generating one or more visualizations of sensor data received from the command server, a processor configured to execute the program code, and an interface for displaying the one or more visualizations generated by the processor. 15. A detection apparatus, comprising:
a housing having one or more ports for detachably mounting one or more sensors of one or more sensor types and including a motive system associated with a mode of transport for movement in an area of interest; a sensor circuit configured to receive sensor data via the port and package the sensor data for transmission over a network; and a control circuit configured to:
establish communication with the network for sending or receiving sensor data to or from other devices, respectively, that are connected to the network; and
control the motive system of the housing for moving the apparatus to locations in the area of interest. 16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the housing includes an inner chamber, the apparatus comprising:
a card removably mounted within the inner chamber; a substrate mounted on the card; components of the sensor circuit mounted on the substrate; a battery mounted to the substrate, wherein the battery is rechargeable; and one or more photovoltaic cells mounted to the housing and configured to supply the battery with energy for charging. 17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the sensor is configured to detect:
an RF signal emitted by an object or capture an image of an object, or maritime signals transmitted by maritime vessels or cellular signals. 18. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the control circuit includes:
circuitry configured for communication over a mesh network; and a processor configured with program code for converting the sensor data to protocol buffers for transmission over the mesh network. 19. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein:
the motive system includes a propulsion system for one of movement on land, or through air, space, or water; the control circuit for a water motive system is configured to control the motive features for full or partial submersion of the housing in water, and the control circuit of a first detection apparatus is configured to receive geo-location or spatial data indicating a position or movement of at least one other detection device and control the motive system of the first detection apparatus to coordinate a position or movement relative to the at least one other detection apparatus. 20. A method for detection in an area of interest, comprising:
deploying one or more mobile detection devices in the area of interest; detecting, via a sensor mounted to a first detection device, a signal in the area of interest; processing, via the first detection device, the signal to generate sensor data that identifies or tracks an object in the area of interest; superimposing, via the first detection device, geo-location or spatial data of the object and the detection device onto the sensor data; processing, via the one or more second detection devices, their respective signals from the area of interest to generate respective processed sensor data that identifies or tracks the object in the area of interest and superimposing their respective geo-location or spatial data onto their respective processed sensor data; one or more second detection devices transmitting via a network to the first detection device their processed data with their superimposed geo-location or spatial sensor data related to the object in the area of interest; the first detection device receiving via the network from the one or more second detection devices their respective processed sensor data with their superimposed geo-location or spatial sensor data related to the object in the area of interest; superimposing, via the first detection device, the geo-location or spatial data of the object and the first detection device onto the sensor data; and moving, the first detection device relative to or in coordination with the one or more second detection devices to maintain observation of the detected object. | 3,700 |
346,565 | 16,804,984 | 3,792 | Reducing uplift payments has been a challenging problem for most wholesale markets in US. The main difficulty comes from the unit commitment discrete decision makings. Recently convex hull pricing has been shown promising to reduce the uplift payments. Meanwhile, however, the computation could be heavy to decide the convex hull price. This disclosure shows how to utilize a derived integral formulation of the single-generator unit commitment problem to facilitate the calculation of the optimal convex hull price by solving a linear program. | 1. A method for operating an electrical power grid where the electrical power grid includes an electrical power grid, a plurality of power generation participants providing electric power to the electrical power grid, a plurality of consumers drawing electrical power from the electrical power grid, and a controller that administers the market for the power generation participants and the consumers on the electrical power grid, the method including:
collecting bids, by the controller, from the power generation participants and the power generation recipients; and setting, by the controller, one or more uniform prices for the providing of electric power from the power generation participants to the power generations consumers; wherein the setting step utilizes a convex hull pricing approach; wherein the convex hull pricing approach utilizes an integral formulation of the single-generator unit commitment problem to facilitate the calculation of an accurate convex hull price that achieves the most efficient market clearing price; and wherein the linear program is represented as follows: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the improved convex hull price is π* equal to the dual values corresponding to the load balance constraints (13). 3. A method for operating an electrical power grid where the electrical power grid includes an electrical power grid, a plurality of power generation participants providing electric power to the electrical power grid, a plurality of consumers drawing electrical power from the electrical power grid, and a controller that administers the market for the power generation participants and the consumers on the electrical power grid, the method including:
collecting bids, by the controller, from the power generation participants and the power generation recipients; formulating a unit commitment problem ZQIP*, solving with a Mixed Integer Programming solver and publishing unit commitment results; and formulating a pricing problem ZQP*, for convex hull pricing with Linear Programming solver and publishing market clearing prices, where its convex hull formulation is (2)-(11): | Reducing uplift payments has been a challenging problem for most wholesale markets in US. The main difficulty comes from the unit commitment discrete decision makings. Recently convex hull pricing has been shown promising to reduce the uplift payments. Meanwhile, however, the computation could be heavy to decide the convex hull price. This disclosure shows how to utilize a derived integral formulation of the single-generator unit commitment problem to facilitate the calculation of the optimal convex hull price by solving a linear program.1. A method for operating an electrical power grid where the electrical power grid includes an electrical power grid, a plurality of power generation participants providing electric power to the electrical power grid, a plurality of consumers drawing electrical power from the electrical power grid, and a controller that administers the market for the power generation participants and the consumers on the electrical power grid, the method including:
collecting bids, by the controller, from the power generation participants and the power generation recipients; and setting, by the controller, one or more uniform prices for the providing of electric power from the power generation participants to the power generations consumers; wherein the setting step utilizes a convex hull pricing approach; wherein the convex hull pricing approach utilizes an integral formulation of the single-generator unit commitment problem to facilitate the calculation of an accurate convex hull price that achieves the most efficient market clearing price; and wherein the linear program is represented as follows: 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the improved convex hull price is π* equal to the dual values corresponding to the load balance constraints (13). 3. A method for operating an electrical power grid where the electrical power grid includes an electrical power grid, a plurality of power generation participants providing electric power to the electrical power grid, a plurality of consumers drawing electrical power from the electrical power grid, and a controller that administers the market for the power generation participants and the consumers on the electrical power grid, the method including:
collecting bids, by the controller, from the power generation participants and the power generation recipients; formulating a unit commitment problem ZQIP*, solving with a Mixed Integer Programming solver and publishing unit commitment results; and formulating a pricing problem ZQP*, for convex hull pricing with Linear Programming solver and publishing market clearing prices, where its convex hull formulation is (2)-(11): | 3,700 |
346,566 | 16,805,021 | 3,792 | An actuating garbage bin lid includes a frame, a lid body, a plurality of engaging units, and a control unit. The frame encloses an inlet opening. The lid body is pivotally connected to the frame to selectively cover the inlet opening. The driving unit is disposed on the frame to drive the lid body to pivot. Each of the engaging units includes a positioning assembly and a communication cable. The positioning assembly is disposed on the frame. A first end of the communication cable is electrically connected to the driving unit. The control unit is connected to one of the engaging units and includes a first member fixed to the positioning assembly and a sensor electrically connected to a second end of the communication cable. The sensor is adapted for being actuated and sends signals via the communication cable to control the driving unit. | 1. An actuating garbage bin lid, including:
a frame, enclosing an inlet opening; a lid body, pivotally connected to the frame to selectively cover the inlet opening; an driving unit, disposed on the frame to drive the lid body to pivot; a plurality of engaging units, each of the engaging units including a positioning assembly and a communication cable, the positioning assembly being disposed on the frame, a first end of the communication cable being electrically connected to the driving unit; a control unit, connected to one of the engaging units, including a first member and a sensor, the first member being fixed to the positioning assembly, the sensor being electrically connected to a second end of the communication cable, the sensor being adapted for being actuated and sending signals via the communication cable to control the driving unit. 2. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 1, wherein the lid body is pivotable around a first direction, the plurality of engaging units are arranged along the first direction, at least two of the engaging units are located at two opposite sides of the lid body respectively. 3. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 1, wherein the positioning assembly includes a receiving portion disposed on the frame, the receiving portion encloses an internal space, the second end of the communication cable is inserted into the internal space, the sensor is disposed on the first member, the first member is adapted for covering the receiving portion to make the sensor be received in the internal space. 4. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 3, wherein the positioning assembly further includes two through holes formed on the frame, the first member further includes two hook members, the two hook members correspond to the two through holes; when the first member covers the receiving portion, the two hook portions are inserted through the two through holes to hook onto the frame. 5. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 4, wherein the positioning assembly further includes a surrounding groove formed on the frame, the surrounding groove surrounds the receiving portion and penetrates a lateral side of the frame to form an opening, the two through holes are formed on a bottom of the surrounding groove, the two hook members are inserted through the surrounding groove and then inserted through the two through holes; the first member further includes a first covering plate and a second covering plate unparallel connected, the sensor and the two hook members are disposed on the first covering plate; when the first member covers the receiving portion, the first covering plate covers the internal space, the second covering plate covers the opening of the surrounding groove. 6. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 4, wherein the sensor includes a circuit board and a cable connector, the circuit board is detachably disposed on the first member and is located between the two hook members, the cable connector is electrically connected to a side of the circuit board facing the receiving portion, the cable connector is adapted for electrically connecting to the second end of the communication cable; the circuit board is located above the two hook members, the communication cable is located below the two hook members. 7. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 6, wherein the receiving portion includes a first bottom wall and a second bottom wall, the first bottom wall is higher than the second bottom wall and is connected to the second bottom wall via a stepped face, the second end of the communication cable penetrates the second bottom wall to insert into the internal space; when the first member covers the receiving portion, the cable connector faces the second bottom wall. 8. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 1, wherein at least one cushion pad is positioned on the frame, when the lid body covers the inlet opening, the at least one cushion pad abuts against the lid body. 9. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 6, wherein the lid body is pivotable around a first direction, the plurality of engaging units are arranged along the first direction, at least two of the engaging units are located at two opposite sides of the lid body respectively; the positioning assembly further includes a surrounding groove formed on the frame, the surrounding groove surrounds the receiving portion and penetrates a lateral side of the frame to form an opening, the two through holes are formed on a bottom of the surrounding groove, the two hook members are inserted through the surrounding groove and then inserted through the two through holes; the first member further includes a first covering plate and a second covering plate unparallel connected, the sensor and the two hook members are disposed on the first covering plate; when the first member covers the receiving portion, the first covering plate covers the internal space, the second covering plate covers the opening of the surrounding groove; at least one cushion pad is positioned on the frame, when the lid body covers the inlet opening, the at least one cushion pad abuts against the lid body; the engaging units includes two said engaging units, the control unit is disposed on one of the engaging units, a second member covers the other one of the engaging units; the second bottom walls of the two engaging units are arranged on two ends of a diagonal of the frame; a length of the receiving portion is 0.5-0.7 time a length of the lid body along a direction perpendicular to the first direction; the sensor is actuated by pressing or infrared light; the at least one cushion pad is made of rubber; a plurality of protruded post members are formed on the first covering plate, the circuit board is screwed with the post members; the two hook members are formed on the first covering plate integrally; the first covering plate abuts against the receiving portion along a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the second covering plate abuts against the receiving portion along the first direction. 10. An actuating garbage bin, including an actuating garbage bin lid of claim 1, further including:
a bin, including a bin body and a bin bottom, the bin body being disposed on the bin bottom, a receiving space being enclosed by the bin body and the bin bottom, the bin body being cylinder-shaped, an end of the bin body having a positioning portion, the bin bottom having a receiving groove extending circumferentially and a plurality of stopping portions, the plurality of stopping portions being formed on a lateral wall of the receiving groove, each of the stopping portions having an inclined guiding face and a stopping face connected together, the positioning portion sliding on the inclined guiding face along a second direction to enter the receiving groove, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; wherein when the positioning portion entered the receiving groove, the stopping face stops and abuts against the positioning portion along the second direction in order to prevent the positioning portion from leaving the receiving groove; wherein when the actuating garbage bin lid is installed onto the bin, the inlet opening communicates the receiving space. | An actuating garbage bin lid includes a frame, a lid body, a plurality of engaging units, and a control unit. The frame encloses an inlet opening. The lid body is pivotally connected to the frame to selectively cover the inlet opening. The driving unit is disposed on the frame to drive the lid body to pivot. Each of the engaging units includes a positioning assembly and a communication cable. The positioning assembly is disposed on the frame. A first end of the communication cable is electrically connected to the driving unit. The control unit is connected to one of the engaging units and includes a first member fixed to the positioning assembly and a sensor electrically connected to a second end of the communication cable. The sensor is adapted for being actuated and sends signals via the communication cable to control the driving unit.1. An actuating garbage bin lid, including:
a frame, enclosing an inlet opening; a lid body, pivotally connected to the frame to selectively cover the inlet opening; an driving unit, disposed on the frame to drive the lid body to pivot; a plurality of engaging units, each of the engaging units including a positioning assembly and a communication cable, the positioning assembly being disposed on the frame, a first end of the communication cable being electrically connected to the driving unit; a control unit, connected to one of the engaging units, including a first member and a sensor, the first member being fixed to the positioning assembly, the sensor being electrically connected to a second end of the communication cable, the sensor being adapted for being actuated and sending signals via the communication cable to control the driving unit. 2. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 1, wherein the lid body is pivotable around a first direction, the plurality of engaging units are arranged along the first direction, at least two of the engaging units are located at two opposite sides of the lid body respectively. 3. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 1, wherein the positioning assembly includes a receiving portion disposed on the frame, the receiving portion encloses an internal space, the second end of the communication cable is inserted into the internal space, the sensor is disposed on the first member, the first member is adapted for covering the receiving portion to make the sensor be received in the internal space. 4. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 3, wherein the positioning assembly further includes two through holes formed on the frame, the first member further includes two hook members, the two hook members correspond to the two through holes; when the first member covers the receiving portion, the two hook portions are inserted through the two through holes to hook onto the frame. 5. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 4, wherein the positioning assembly further includes a surrounding groove formed on the frame, the surrounding groove surrounds the receiving portion and penetrates a lateral side of the frame to form an opening, the two through holes are formed on a bottom of the surrounding groove, the two hook members are inserted through the surrounding groove and then inserted through the two through holes; the first member further includes a first covering plate and a second covering plate unparallel connected, the sensor and the two hook members are disposed on the first covering plate; when the first member covers the receiving portion, the first covering plate covers the internal space, the second covering plate covers the opening of the surrounding groove. 6. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 4, wherein the sensor includes a circuit board and a cable connector, the circuit board is detachably disposed on the first member and is located between the two hook members, the cable connector is electrically connected to a side of the circuit board facing the receiving portion, the cable connector is adapted for electrically connecting to the second end of the communication cable; the circuit board is located above the two hook members, the communication cable is located below the two hook members. 7. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 6, wherein the receiving portion includes a first bottom wall and a second bottom wall, the first bottom wall is higher than the second bottom wall and is connected to the second bottom wall via a stepped face, the second end of the communication cable penetrates the second bottom wall to insert into the internal space; when the first member covers the receiving portion, the cable connector faces the second bottom wall. 8. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 1, wherein at least one cushion pad is positioned on the frame, when the lid body covers the inlet opening, the at least one cushion pad abuts against the lid body. 9. The actuating garbage bin lid of claim 6, wherein the lid body is pivotable around a first direction, the plurality of engaging units are arranged along the first direction, at least two of the engaging units are located at two opposite sides of the lid body respectively; the positioning assembly further includes a surrounding groove formed on the frame, the surrounding groove surrounds the receiving portion and penetrates a lateral side of the frame to form an opening, the two through holes are formed on a bottom of the surrounding groove, the two hook members are inserted through the surrounding groove and then inserted through the two through holes; the first member further includes a first covering plate and a second covering plate unparallel connected, the sensor and the two hook members are disposed on the first covering plate; when the first member covers the receiving portion, the first covering plate covers the internal space, the second covering plate covers the opening of the surrounding groove; at least one cushion pad is positioned on the frame, when the lid body covers the inlet opening, the at least one cushion pad abuts against the lid body; the engaging units includes two said engaging units, the control unit is disposed on one of the engaging units, a second member covers the other one of the engaging units; the second bottom walls of the two engaging units are arranged on two ends of a diagonal of the frame; a length of the receiving portion is 0.5-0.7 time a length of the lid body along a direction perpendicular to the first direction; the sensor is actuated by pressing or infrared light; the at least one cushion pad is made of rubber; a plurality of protruded post members are formed on the first covering plate, the circuit board is screwed with the post members; the two hook members are formed on the first covering plate integrally; the first covering plate abuts against the receiving portion along a direction perpendicular to the first direction, the second covering plate abuts against the receiving portion along the first direction. 10. An actuating garbage bin, including an actuating garbage bin lid of claim 1, further including:
a bin, including a bin body and a bin bottom, the bin body being disposed on the bin bottom, a receiving space being enclosed by the bin body and the bin bottom, the bin body being cylinder-shaped, an end of the bin body having a positioning portion, the bin bottom having a receiving groove extending circumferentially and a plurality of stopping portions, the plurality of stopping portions being formed on a lateral wall of the receiving groove, each of the stopping portions having an inclined guiding face and a stopping face connected together, the positioning portion sliding on the inclined guiding face along a second direction to enter the receiving groove, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; wherein when the positioning portion entered the receiving groove, the stopping face stops and abuts against the positioning portion along the second direction in order to prevent the positioning portion from leaving the receiving groove; wherein when the actuating garbage bin lid is installed onto the bin, the inlet opening communicates the receiving space. | 3,700 |
346,567 | 16,805,003 | 3,792 | A platooning controller, a vehicle system including the same, and a method thereof perform braking control based on a hitch angle. The platooning controller includes a processor that controls platooning of one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, and includes a storage storing information for controlling the platooning. The processor controls a host vehicle such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle with the trailer meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control, and controls the host vehicle to perform the braking control. | 1. A platooning controller, comprising:
a processor configured to control platooning of one or more vehicles, each with a trailer; and a storage that stores information for controlling the platooning, wherein the processor is configured to control a host vehicle such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle with a corresponding trailer meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control, and control the host vehicle to perform the braking control. 2. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor determines a current situation as a situation which needs the braking control, when the current situation is a critical driving situation while the host vehicle is traveling straight. 3. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor transmits a control command signal to the one or more vehicles, each with the trailer, to control the one or more vehicles such that a hitch angle and a heading angle of each of the vehicles meet the predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform the braking control. 4. The platooning controller of claim 3, wherein the processor performs braking control of the host vehicle and transmits a braking control command to following vehicles, when the host vehicle arrives at a braking control time and when receiving a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed from each of the host and following vehicles, each with the trailer. 5. The platooning controller of claim 3, wherein the processor delays braking control during a predetermined interval, when the host vehicle arrives at a braking control time and when not receiving a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed from at least one of the one or more vehicles and performs the braking control. 6. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor transmits a signal indicating whether a trailer is mounted to the host vehicle to a leading vehicle when starting to perform the platooning or during the platooning. 7. The platooning controller of claim 6, wherein the processor determines whether each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is greater than the predetermined reference angle, when receiving a command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle from the leading vehicle. 8. The platooning controller of claim 7, wherein the processor controls the host vehicle such that each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is less than or equal to the predetermined reference angle, when each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is greater than the predetermined reference angle, and transmits a signal indicating that the control is completed to the leading vehicle. 9. The platooning controller of claim 8, wherein the processor performs the braking control of the host vehicle, when receiving a braking control command from the leading vehicle, and controls the host vehicle to follow the leading vehicle after the braking control is completed. 10. The platooning controller of claim 1, further comprising:
a display configured to display information received from another vehicle in a platooning line. 11. The platooning controller of claim 8, wherein the processor checks the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle while the braking control is performed and maintains the control such that the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle are less than or equal to the predetermined reference angle. 12. A vehicle system, comprising:
a platooning controller configured to control a host vehicle, with a trailer, such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control when controlling platooning with one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, and control the host vehicle to perform the braking control; and a sensing device configured to sense the hitch angle of the host vehicle. 13. The vehicle system of claim 12, wherein the sensing device includes:
a hitch angle sensor configured to sense the hitch angle of the host vehicle; and a heading angle sensor configured to sense a heading angle of the host vehicle. 14. The vehicle system of claim 13, further comprising:
a communication device configured to perform vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication between vehicles, which are platooning. 15. A method for controlling platooning including one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, the method comprising:
determining whether the one or more vehicles are traveling straight, whether a trailer is mounted to each of the one or more vehicles, and whether there is a critical driving situation; transmitting a command to control a hitch angle and a heading angle to following vehicles included in the one or more vehicles as a result of the determination; determining whether a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed is received from each of the following vehicles, when a host vehicle arrives at a braking control time; and performing braking control depending on whether the signal is received. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitting of the command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle to the following vehicles includes:
transmitting the command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle to the following vehicles, each with the trailer, during the platooning, as the one or more vehicles are traveling straight, and as the one or more vehicles are under the critical driving situation, when it is necessary to brake. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the performing of the braking control, depending on whether the signal is received, includes:
immediately performing the braking control, when the signal is received from each of the one or more vehicles, each with the trailer; performing braking delay, when some of the signals of the one or more vehicles are not received; and performing the braking control at a time when an interval where the braking delay is performed is ended. | A platooning controller, a vehicle system including the same, and a method thereof perform braking control based on a hitch angle. The platooning controller includes a processor that controls platooning of one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, and includes a storage storing information for controlling the platooning. The processor controls a host vehicle such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle with the trailer meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control, and controls the host vehicle to perform the braking control.1. A platooning controller, comprising:
a processor configured to control platooning of one or more vehicles, each with a trailer; and a storage that stores information for controlling the platooning, wherein the processor is configured to control a host vehicle such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle with a corresponding trailer meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control, and control the host vehicle to perform the braking control. 2. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor determines a current situation as a situation which needs the braking control, when the current situation is a critical driving situation while the host vehicle is traveling straight. 3. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor transmits a control command signal to the one or more vehicles, each with the trailer, to control the one or more vehicles such that a hitch angle and a heading angle of each of the vehicles meet the predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform the braking control. 4. The platooning controller of claim 3, wherein the processor performs braking control of the host vehicle and transmits a braking control command to following vehicles, when the host vehicle arrives at a braking control time and when receiving a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed from each of the host and following vehicles, each with the trailer. 5. The platooning controller of claim 3, wherein the processor delays braking control during a predetermined interval, when the host vehicle arrives at a braking control time and when not receiving a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed from at least one of the one or more vehicles and performs the braking control. 6. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor transmits a signal indicating whether a trailer is mounted to the host vehicle to a leading vehicle when starting to perform the platooning or during the platooning. 7. The platooning controller of claim 6, wherein the processor determines whether each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is greater than the predetermined reference angle, when receiving a command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle from the leading vehicle. 8. The platooning controller of claim 7, wherein the processor controls the host vehicle such that each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is less than or equal to the predetermined reference angle, when each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is greater than the predetermined reference angle, and transmits a signal indicating that the control is completed to the leading vehicle. 9. The platooning controller of claim 8, wherein the processor performs the braking control of the host vehicle, when receiving a braking control command from the leading vehicle, and controls the host vehicle to follow the leading vehicle after the braking control is completed. 10. The platooning controller of claim 1, further comprising:
a display configured to display information received from another vehicle in a platooning line. 11. The platooning controller of claim 8, wherein the processor checks the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle while the braking control is performed and maintains the control such that the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle are less than or equal to the predetermined reference angle. 12. A vehicle system, comprising:
a platooning controller configured to control a host vehicle, with a trailer, such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control when controlling platooning with one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, and control the host vehicle to perform the braking control; and a sensing device configured to sense the hitch angle of the host vehicle. 13. The vehicle system of claim 12, wherein the sensing device includes:
a hitch angle sensor configured to sense the hitch angle of the host vehicle; and a heading angle sensor configured to sense a heading angle of the host vehicle. 14. The vehicle system of claim 13, further comprising:
a communication device configured to perform vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication between vehicles, which are platooning. 15. A method for controlling platooning including one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, the method comprising:
determining whether the one or more vehicles are traveling straight, whether a trailer is mounted to each of the one or more vehicles, and whether there is a critical driving situation; transmitting a command to control a hitch angle and a heading angle to following vehicles included in the one or more vehicles as a result of the determination; determining whether a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed is received from each of the following vehicles, when a host vehicle arrives at a braking control time; and performing braking control depending on whether the signal is received. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitting of the command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle to the following vehicles includes:
transmitting the command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle to the following vehicles, each with the trailer, during the platooning, as the one or more vehicles are traveling straight, and as the one or more vehicles are under the critical driving situation, when it is necessary to brake. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the performing of the braking control, depending on whether the signal is received, includes:
immediately performing the braking control, when the signal is received from each of the one or more vehicles, each with the trailer; performing braking delay, when some of the signals of the one or more vehicles are not received; and performing the braking control at a time when an interval where the braking delay is performed is ended. | 3,700 |
346,568 | 16,804,995 | 3,792 | A platooning controller, a vehicle system including the same, and a method thereof perform braking control based on a hitch angle. The platooning controller includes a processor that controls platooning of one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, and includes a storage storing information for controlling the platooning. The processor controls a host vehicle such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle with the trailer meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control, and controls the host vehicle to perform the braking control. | 1. A platooning controller, comprising:
a processor configured to control platooning of one or more vehicles, each with a trailer; and a storage that stores information for controlling the platooning, wherein the processor is configured to control a host vehicle such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle with a corresponding trailer meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control, and control the host vehicle to perform the braking control. 2. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor determines a current situation as a situation which needs the braking control, when the current situation is a critical driving situation while the host vehicle is traveling straight. 3. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor transmits a control command signal to the one or more vehicles, each with the trailer, to control the one or more vehicles such that a hitch angle and a heading angle of each of the vehicles meet the predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform the braking control. 4. The platooning controller of claim 3, wherein the processor performs braking control of the host vehicle and transmits a braking control command to following vehicles, when the host vehicle arrives at a braking control time and when receiving a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed from each of the host and following vehicles, each with the trailer. 5. The platooning controller of claim 3, wherein the processor delays braking control during a predetermined interval, when the host vehicle arrives at a braking control time and when not receiving a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed from at least one of the one or more vehicles and performs the braking control. 6. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor transmits a signal indicating whether a trailer is mounted to the host vehicle to a leading vehicle when starting to perform the platooning or during the platooning. 7. The platooning controller of claim 6, wherein the processor determines whether each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is greater than the predetermined reference angle, when receiving a command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle from the leading vehicle. 8. The platooning controller of claim 7, wherein the processor controls the host vehicle such that each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is less than or equal to the predetermined reference angle, when each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is greater than the predetermined reference angle, and transmits a signal indicating that the control is completed to the leading vehicle. 9. The platooning controller of claim 8, wherein the processor performs the braking control of the host vehicle, when receiving a braking control command from the leading vehicle, and controls the host vehicle to follow the leading vehicle after the braking control is completed. 10. The platooning controller of claim 1, further comprising:
a display configured to display information received from another vehicle in a platooning line. 11. The platooning controller of claim 8, wherein the processor checks the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle while the braking control is performed and maintains the control such that the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle are less than or equal to the predetermined reference angle. 12. A vehicle system, comprising:
a platooning controller configured to control a host vehicle, with a trailer, such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control when controlling platooning with one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, and control the host vehicle to perform the braking control; and a sensing device configured to sense the hitch angle of the host vehicle. 13. The vehicle system of claim 12, wherein the sensing device includes:
a hitch angle sensor configured to sense the hitch angle of the host vehicle; and a heading angle sensor configured to sense a heading angle of the host vehicle. 14. The vehicle system of claim 13, further comprising:
a communication device configured to perform vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication between vehicles, which are platooning. 15. A method for controlling platooning including one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, the method comprising:
determining whether the one or more vehicles are traveling straight, whether a trailer is mounted to each of the one or more vehicles, and whether there is a critical driving situation; transmitting a command to control a hitch angle and a heading angle to following vehicles included in the one or more vehicles as a result of the determination; determining whether a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed is received from each of the following vehicles, when a host vehicle arrives at a braking control time; and performing braking control depending on whether the signal is received. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitting of the command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle to the following vehicles includes:
transmitting the command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle to the following vehicles, each with the trailer, during the platooning, as the one or more vehicles are traveling straight, and as the one or more vehicles are under the critical driving situation, when it is necessary to brake. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the performing of the braking control, depending on whether the signal is received, includes:
immediately performing the braking control, when the signal is received from each of the one or more vehicles, each with the trailer; performing braking delay, when some of the signals of the one or more vehicles are not received; and performing the braking control at a time when an interval where the braking delay is performed is ended. | A platooning controller, a vehicle system including the same, and a method thereof perform braking control based on a hitch angle. The platooning controller includes a processor that controls platooning of one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, and includes a storage storing information for controlling the platooning. The processor controls a host vehicle such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle with the trailer meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control, and controls the host vehicle to perform the braking control.1. A platooning controller, comprising:
a processor configured to control platooning of one or more vehicles, each with a trailer; and a storage that stores information for controlling the platooning, wherein the processor is configured to control a host vehicle such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle with a corresponding trailer meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control, and control the host vehicle to perform the braking control. 2. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor determines a current situation as a situation which needs the braking control, when the current situation is a critical driving situation while the host vehicle is traveling straight. 3. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor transmits a control command signal to the one or more vehicles, each with the trailer, to control the one or more vehicles such that a hitch angle and a heading angle of each of the vehicles meet the predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform the braking control. 4. The platooning controller of claim 3, wherein the processor performs braking control of the host vehicle and transmits a braking control command to following vehicles, when the host vehicle arrives at a braking control time and when receiving a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed from each of the host and following vehicles, each with the trailer. 5. The platooning controller of claim 3, wherein the processor delays braking control during a predetermined interval, when the host vehicle arrives at a braking control time and when not receiving a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed from at least one of the one or more vehicles and performs the braking control. 6. The platooning controller of claim 1, wherein the processor transmits a signal indicating whether a trailer is mounted to the host vehicle to a leading vehicle when starting to perform the platooning or during the platooning. 7. The platooning controller of claim 6, wherein the processor determines whether each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is greater than the predetermined reference angle, when receiving a command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle from the leading vehicle. 8. The platooning controller of claim 7, wherein the processor controls the host vehicle such that each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is less than or equal to the predetermined reference angle, when each of the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle is greater than the predetermined reference angle, and transmits a signal indicating that the control is completed to the leading vehicle. 9. The platooning controller of claim 8, wherein the processor performs the braking control of the host vehicle, when receiving a braking control command from the leading vehicle, and controls the host vehicle to follow the leading vehicle after the braking control is completed. 10. The platooning controller of claim 1, further comprising:
a display configured to display information received from another vehicle in a platooning line. 11. The platooning controller of claim 8, wherein the processor checks the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle while the braking control is performed and maintains the control such that the hitch angle and the heading angle of the host vehicle are less than or equal to the predetermined reference angle. 12. A vehicle system, comprising:
a platooning controller configured to control a host vehicle, with a trailer, such that a hitch angle of the host vehicle meets a predetermined reference angle, when it is necessary to perform braking control when controlling platooning with one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, and control the host vehicle to perform the braking control; and a sensing device configured to sense the hitch angle of the host vehicle. 13. The vehicle system of claim 12, wherein the sensing device includes:
a hitch angle sensor configured to sense the hitch angle of the host vehicle; and a heading angle sensor configured to sense a heading angle of the host vehicle. 14. The vehicle system of claim 13, further comprising:
a communication device configured to perform vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication between vehicles, which are platooning. 15. A method for controlling platooning including one or more vehicles, each with a trailer, the method comprising:
determining whether the one or more vehicles are traveling straight, whether a trailer is mounted to each of the one or more vehicles, and whether there is a critical driving situation; transmitting a command to control a hitch angle and a heading angle to following vehicles included in the one or more vehicles as a result of the determination; determining whether a signal indicating that the control of the hitch angle and the heading angle is completed is received from each of the following vehicles, when a host vehicle arrives at a braking control time; and performing braking control depending on whether the signal is received. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitting of the command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle to the following vehicles includes:
transmitting the command to control the hitch angle and the heading angle to the following vehicles, each with the trailer, during the platooning, as the one or more vehicles are traveling straight, and as the one or more vehicles are under the critical driving situation, when it is necessary to brake. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the performing of the braking control, depending on whether the signal is received, includes:
immediately performing the braking control, when the signal is received from each of the one or more vehicles, each with the trailer; performing braking delay, when some of the signals of the one or more vehicles are not received; and performing the braking control at a time when an interval where the braking delay is performed is ended. | 3,700 |
346,569 | 16,805,029 | 3,792 | Systems, apparatus, and related methods for evaluating biological sample integrity are disclosed herein. An example method includes scanning a sample container having a sample disposed therein to generate signal data including a first signal portion and a second signal portion. The example method includes detecting if the sample container includes a label attached to a surface of the sample container based on the second signal portion. If the sample container includes a label, the example method includes applying an adjustment factor to the second signal portion to create adjusted signal data. The example method includes determining a property of the sample based on one or more of the first signal portion or the adjusted signal data. | 1. (canceled) 2. A non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
detect if a sample container having a sample disposed therein includes a label attached to a surface of the sample container based on signal data generated via a scanner, the signal data including a first portion and a second portion, the detection based on the second portion of the signal data, the sample container in a non-pre-oriented position in the scanner when the signal data is generated; when the sample container includes a label, apply an adjustment factor to the second portion of the signal data to create adjusted signal data; and determine a property of the sample based on one or more of the first portion of the signal data or the adjusted signal data. 3. The non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc of claim 2, wherein the property is one or more of a hemolysis level, an icterus level, or a lipemia level in the sample. 4. The non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc of claim 3, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the machine to:
perform a comparison of the one or more of the hemolysis level, the icterus level, or the lipemia level to a respective threshold; and identify the sample as an exception if the one or more of the hemolysis level, the icterus level, or the lipemia level exceeds the respective threshold. 5. The non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to detect if the sample container includes a label by:
identifying attenuated signal data in the second portion of the signal data; determining if the attenuated signal data satisfies a predetermined threshold; and when the attenuated signal data fails to satisfy the threshold, determining that the sample container includes the label. 6. The non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc of claim 5, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the machine to determine a number of labels on the sample container based on the attenuated signal data relative to non-attenuated signal data for the same container or a second sample container. 7. The non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc of claim 5, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to apply the adjustment factor to the attenuated signal data in the second portion of the signal data to restore the attenuated signal data. 8. An apparatus comprising:
a scanner to scan a sample container disposed in a holder, the sample container including a sample disposed therein; and a controller communicatively coupled to the scanner, the controller to:
detect a presence of one or more labels on the sample container based on an attenuated portion of signal data generated by the scanner during scanning of the sample container;
apply a first signal restoration factor to the attenuated portion to generate a restored portion; and
identify the sample as a routine sample or as an exception based on the signal data including the restored portion. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sample container is a first sample container, the signal data is first signal data, the attenuated portion is a first attenuated portion, and the controller is to:
detect a presence of a label on a second sample container based on second signal data generated by the scanner during scanning of the second sample container, the second signal data including a first non-attenuated portion, a second attenuated portion, and a second non-attenuated portion; and generate the first signal restoration factor based on a first value in the first non-attenuated portion, a second value in the second attenuated portion, and a third value in the third non-attenuated portion. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller is to select to apply the first signal restoration factor or a second signal restoration factor to the first attenuated portion of the first signal data based on one or more of (a) a number of labels on the first sample container, (b) a thickness of the one or more labels on the first sample container, or (c) a value in the first attenuated portion of the first signal data or a value in a third non-attenuated portion of the first signal data. 11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is to output a quality indicator in response the identification of the sample as the routine sample or as the exception for presentation via a graphical user interface. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is to identify the sample as the routine sample or as the exception based on (a) a volume of the sample in the sample container or (b) one or more of a hemolysis level, an icterus level, or a lipemia level in the sample. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the scanner includes a light source, the scanner to expose the sample container to light emitted by the light source along a longitudinal axis of the sample container during scanning. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the sample container includes a cap, the scanner is to expose the cap of the sample container to the light emitted by the light source, and the controller is to determine a color of the cap based on the signal data. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is to define one or more of a wavelength of the light or an intensity of the light. 16. An apparatus comprising:
memory including machine readable instructions; and processor circuitry to execute the instructions to:
cause a scanner to expose a sample container to light, the sample container including a sample disposed therein;
determine, based on sensor data generated during the exposure of the sample container to light, if the sample container contains a label coupled to a surface of the sample container;
when the sample container contains the label, apply an adjustment factor to the sensor data to generate adjusted sensor data; and
determine a property of the sample based on one or more of the sensor data or the adjusted sensor data. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the light is to include wavelengths corresponding to one or more colors, the sensor data includes color data, and the processor circuitry is to execute instructions to:
identify a first layer in the sample and a second layer in the sample based on the color data; analyze a color gradient between the first layer and the second layer based on the color data; and identify the sample as routine sample or as an exception based on the analysis. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the light is to include wavelengths corresponding to one or more colors, the sensor data includes color data, and the processor is to execute the instructions to determine one or more of a hemolysis level, an icterus level, or a lipemia level in the sample based on the color data. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor circuity is to execute the instructions to generate a digital representation of the sample based on the one or more of the sensor data or the adjusted sensor data. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the property includes a color of the sample, the digital representation includes the color, and the processor circuitry is to execute the instructions to:
determine a luminance of the light; and adjust the color in the digital representation based on the luminance. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor circuity is to execute the instructions to cause the scanner to expose the sample container to the light along a longitudinal axis of the sample container, and to determine the property of the sample at a first position along the longitudinal axis of the sample container and at a second position along the longitudinal axis of the sample container. | Systems, apparatus, and related methods for evaluating biological sample integrity are disclosed herein. An example method includes scanning a sample container having a sample disposed therein to generate signal data including a first signal portion and a second signal portion. The example method includes detecting if the sample container includes a label attached to a surface of the sample container based on the second signal portion. If the sample container includes a label, the example method includes applying an adjustment factor to the second signal portion to create adjusted signal data. The example method includes determining a property of the sample based on one or more of the first signal portion or the adjusted signal data.1. (canceled) 2. A non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc comprising instructions that, when executed, cause a machine to at least:
detect if a sample container having a sample disposed therein includes a label attached to a surface of the sample container based on signal data generated via a scanner, the signal data including a first portion and a second portion, the detection based on the second portion of the signal data, the sample container in a non-pre-oriented position in the scanner when the signal data is generated; when the sample container includes a label, apply an adjustment factor to the second portion of the signal data to create adjusted signal data; and determine a property of the sample based on one or more of the first portion of the signal data or the adjusted signal data. 3. The non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc of claim 2, wherein the property is one or more of a hemolysis level, an icterus level, or a lipemia level in the sample. 4. The non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc of claim 3, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the machine to:
perform a comparison of the one or more of the hemolysis level, the icterus level, or the lipemia level to a respective threshold; and identify the sample as an exception if the one or more of the hemolysis level, the icterus level, or the lipemia level exceeds the respective threshold. 5. The non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc of claim 2, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to detect if the sample container includes a label by:
identifying attenuated signal data in the second portion of the signal data; determining if the attenuated signal data satisfies a predetermined threshold; and when the attenuated signal data fails to satisfy the threshold, determining that the sample container includes the label. 6. The non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc of claim 5, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the machine to determine a number of labels on the sample container based on the attenuated signal data relative to non-attenuated signal data for the same container or a second sample container. 7. The non-transitory machine readable storage device or storage disc of claim 5, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the machine to apply the adjustment factor to the attenuated signal data in the second portion of the signal data to restore the attenuated signal data. 8. An apparatus comprising:
a scanner to scan a sample container disposed in a holder, the sample container including a sample disposed therein; and a controller communicatively coupled to the scanner, the controller to:
detect a presence of one or more labels on the sample container based on an attenuated portion of signal data generated by the scanner during scanning of the sample container;
apply a first signal restoration factor to the attenuated portion to generate a restored portion; and
identify the sample as a routine sample or as an exception based on the signal data including the restored portion. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the sample container is a first sample container, the signal data is first signal data, the attenuated portion is a first attenuated portion, and the controller is to:
detect a presence of a label on a second sample container based on second signal data generated by the scanner during scanning of the second sample container, the second signal data including a first non-attenuated portion, a second attenuated portion, and a second non-attenuated portion; and generate the first signal restoration factor based on a first value in the first non-attenuated portion, a second value in the second attenuated portion, and a third value in the third non-attenuated portion. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the controller is to select to apply the first signal restoration factor or a second signal restoration factor to the first attenuated portion of the first signal data based on one or more of (a) a number of labels on the first sample container, (b) a thickness of the one or more labels on the first sample container, or (c) a value in the first attenuated portion of the first signal data or a value in a third non-attenuated portion of the first signal data. 11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is to output a quality indicator in response the identification of the sample as the routine sample or as the exception for presentation via a graphical user interface. 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the controller is to identify the sample as the routine sample or as the exception based on (a) a volume of the sample in the sample container or (b) one or more of a hemolysis level, an icterus level, or a lipemia level in the sample. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the scanner includes a light source, the scanner to expose the sample container to light emitted by the light source along a longitudinal axis of the sample container during scanning. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the sample container includes a cap, the scanner is to expose the cap of the sample container to the light emitted by the light source, and the controller is to determine a color of the cap based on the signal data. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the controller is to define one or more of a wavelength of the light or an intensity of the light. 16. An apparatus comprising:
memory including machine readable instructions; and processor circuitry to execute the instructions to:
cause a scanner to expose a sample container to light, the sample container including a sample disposed therein;
determine, based on sensor data generated during the exposure of the sample container to light, if the sample container contains a label coupled to a surface of the sample container;
when the sample container contains the label, apply an adjustment factor to the sensor data to generate adjusted sensor data; and
determine a property of the sample based on one or more of the sensor data or the adjusted sensor data. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the light is to include wavelengths corresponding to one or more colors, the sensor data includes color data, and the processor circuitry is to execute instructions to:
identify a first layer in the sample and a second layer in the sample based on the color data; analyze a color gradient between the first layer and the second layer based on the color data; and identify the sample as routine sample or as an exception based on the analysis. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the light is to include wavelengths corresponding to one or more colors, the sensor data includes color data, and the processor is to execute the instructions to determine one or more of a hemolysis level, an icterus level, or a lipemia level in the sample based on the color data. 19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor circuity is to execute the instructions to generate a digital representation of the sample based on the one or more of the sensor data or the adjusted sensor data. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the property includes a color of the sample, the digital representation includes the color, and the processor circuitry is to execute the instructions to:
determine a luminance of the light; and adjust the color in the digital representation based on the luminance. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processor circuity is to execute the instructions to cause the scanner to expose the sample container to the light along a longitudinal axis of the sample container, and to determine the property of the sample at a first position along the longitudinal axis of the sample container and at a second position along the longitudinal axis of the sample container. | 3,700 |
346,570 | 16,805,010 | 3,792 | A device for generating a key has a multimode interferometer which can be coupled to a light source and has a light path having an electro-optical material, the light path being configured to obtain light at an input side, influence the light under the influence of a locally varying refraction index of the electro-optical material and provide influenced light at an output side. The device has a receiver configured to receive the influenced light at the output side, and has an evaluator configured to perform an evaluation based on the influenced light and to generate the key based on the evaluation. | 1. A device for generating a key, comprising:
a multimode interferometer which can be coupled to a light source and comprises a light path comprising a material comprising a controllable refraction index, the light path being configured to acquire light at an input side and influence the light under the influence of a locally varying refraction index of the material in order to provide influenced light at an output side; a receiver configured to receive the influenced light at the output side; and an evaluator configured to perform an evaluation based on the influenced light and to generate the key based on the evaluation; an electrode arrangement configured to generate the locally varying refraction index based on locally varying electrical fields of the electrode arrangement; wherein the receiver comprises an array of photodetectors and the evaluator is configured to perform, for each of the photodetectors, a threshold value decision as to whether the quantity detected in the respective photodetector is to be transferred to a binary 0 or a binary 1 and to acquire a bit sequence as the key by lining up the threshold value decisions. 2. The device in accordance with claim 1, configured to acquire a locally varying influence of the light based on the locally varying refraction index. 3. The device in accordance with claim 1, comprising a light source which is connected to the light path and configured to emit the light. 4. The device in accordance with claim 3, wherein the light source is a narrow-band light source. 5. The device in accordance with claim 3, wherein the light source comprises a laser or a filter. 6. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises a filter configured to filter the influenced light and to provide narrow-band filtered light at a filter output, the evaluator being configured to perform the evaluation based on the narrow-band filtered light. 7. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the evaluator is configured to determine a local intensity distribution of the influenced light or filtered light and to generate the key based on the local intensity distribution. 8. The device in accordance with claim 7, wherein the evaluator is configured to perform the local intensity distribution in mutually different sub-regions of a total region of the light path, wherein the key comprises a plurality of key portions, each key portion being associated to a sub-region. 9. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of spatially separate electrode elements configured to influence the refraction index of the material in a spatially separate manner; the device comprising a driver configured to drive the electrode elements such that a pattern in the influenced light is associated unambiguously to each pattern of driven electrodes. 10. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of spatially separate electrode elements arranged in a two-dimensional array, wherein the electrodes are formed to be asymmetrical relative to at least one direction of the two-dimensional array, with reference to influencing the light guided through the light path. 11. The device in accordance with claim 10, configured to generate an asymmetrical influence of the light guided through the light path relative to at least one direction of the two-dimensional array by means of mutually different electrode geometries and/or by mutually different electrical voltages at the electrode elements. 12. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of spatially separate electrode elements which are arranged in rows and columns of a two-dimensional array;
wherein electrodes within one row comprise a mutually different dimension, unambiguous within the row, along a row direction; and/or wherein electrodes within a column comprise a mutually different dimension, unambiguous within the column, along a column direction. 13. The device in accordance with claim 12, wherein a quotient of the dimension of any two neighboring electrodes along the row direction comprises a uniform quotient value; and/or
wherein a quotient of the dimension of any two electrodes along the column direction comprises the uniform quotient value. 14. The device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the quotient value comprises a value within a range of values of at least 1.5 and at most 10. 15. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the multimode interferometer is configured to vary the refraction index of the material in a locally varying manner based on a bit sequence comprising a first number of bits, wherein the evaluator is configured to provide, for the key, a bit sequence comprising the first number of bits for the key. 16. The device in accordance with claim 15, configured to provide the bit sequence at a signal output and to receive, at a signal input, an input signal which comprises a reference key, the device being configured to compare the reference key to the key and to evaluate an identity of a transmitter of the input signal based on a result of the comparison. 17. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the key is a first key, the device being configured to guide first light through the light path during a first time interval in order to acquire the first key, and to guide second light through the light path during a second time interval in order to acquire a second key, wherein the evaluator is configured to combine the first key and the second key to form a total key. 18. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the multimode interferometer is a first multimode interferometer, the device comprising at least a second multimode interferometer coupled to an output of the light path. 19. The device in accordance with claim 18, comprising at least a third multimode interferometer which is coupled to the output of the light path in parallel to the second multimode interferometer and configured to acquire a local intensity distribution of the light path which differs from the second multimode interferometer. 20. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the multimode interferometer is a first multimode interferometer which is arranged to be interleaved in a second multimode interferometer. 21. The device in accordance with claim 20, wherein the light path is a first light path and comprises at least two spatially spaced apart outputs of the light path which are configured to output different spatial intensity distributions of the light path and which are coupled to an input of the second light path of the second multimode interferometer at different lateral positions. 22. The device in accordance with claim 1, comprising an output interface configured to provide the key. 23. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the material comprises at least one of an electro-optical material, a magneto-optical material, a thermos-optical material and a voltage-optical material. 24. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the material is an electro-optical material and comprises at least one of beta barium borate, lithium niobate, lead lanthanium zirconate titanate and liquid crystals. 25. A method for generating a key, comprising:
guiding light from an input side of a light path to an output side of the light path under the influence of a locally varying refraction index of a material of the light path, the material comprising a controllable refraction index; generating the locally varying refraction index by an electrode arrangement based on locally varying electrical fields of the electrode arrangement; providing influenced light at the output side; receiving the influenced light at the output side by a receiver which comprises an array of photodetectors; performing an evaluation based on the influenced light by performing a threshold value decision, for each of the photodetectors, as to whether a quantity detected in the respective photodetector is to be transferred to a binary 0 or a binary 1; and generating the key based on the evaluation by lining up the threshold value decisions. | A device for generating a key has a multimode interferometer which can be coupled to a light source and has a light path having an electro-optical material, the light path being configured to obtain light at an input side, influence the light under the influence of a locally varying refraction index of the electro-optical material and provide influenced light at an output side. The device has a receiver configured to receive the influenced light at the output side, and has an evaluator configured to perform an evaluation based on the influenced light and to generate the key based on the evaluation.1. A device for generating a key, comprising:
a multimode interferometer which can be coupled to a light source and comprises a light path comprising a material comprising a controllable refraction index, the light path being configured to acquire light at an input side and influence the light under the influence of a locally varying refraction index of the material in order to provide influenced light at an output side; a receiver configured to receive the influenced light at the output side; and an evaluator configured to perform an evaluation based on the influenced light and to generate the key based on the evaluation; an electrode arrangement configured to generate the locally varying refraction index based on locally varying electrical fields of the electrode arrangement; wherein the receiver comprises an array of photodetectors and the evaluator is configured to perform, for each of the photodetectors, a threshold value decision as to whether the quantity detected in the respective photodetector is to be transferred to a binary 0 or a binary 1 and to acquire a bit sequence as the key by lining up the threshold value decisions. 2. The device in accordance with claim 1, configured to acquire a locally varying influence of the light based on the locally varying refraction index. 3. The device in accordance with claim 1, comprising a light source which is connected to the light path and configured to emit the light. 4. The device in accordance with claim 3, wherein the light source is a narrow-band light source. 5. The device in accordance with claim 3, wherein the light source comprises a laser or a filter. 6. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the receiver comprises a filter configured to filter the influenced light and to provide narrow-band filtered light at a filter output, the evaluator being configured to perform the evaluation based on the narrow-band filtered light. 7. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the evaluator is configured to determine a local intensity distribution of the influenced light or filtered light and to generate the key based on the local intensity distribution. 8. The device in accordance with claim 7, wherein the evaluator is configured to perform the local intensity distribution in mutually different sub-regions of a total region of the light path, wherein the key comprises a plurality of key portions, each key portion being associated to a sub-region. 9. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of spatially separate electrode elements configured to influence the refraction index of the material in a spatially separate manner; the device comprising a driver configured to drive the electrode elements such that a pattern in the influenced light is associated unambiguously to each pattern of driven electrodes. 10. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of spatially separate electrode elements arranged in a two-dimensional array, wherein the electrodes are formed to be asymmetrical relative to at least one direction of the two-dimensional array, with reference to influencing the light guided through the light path. 11. The device in accordance with claim 10, configured to generate an asymmetrical influence of the light guided through the light path relative to at least one direction of the two-dimensional array by means of mutually different electrode geometries and/or by mutually different electrical voltages at the electrode elements. 12. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a plurality of spatially separate electrode elements which are arranged in rows and columns of a two-dimensional array;
wherein electrodes within one row comprise a mutually different dimension, unambiguous within the row, along a row direction; and/or wherein electrodes within a column comprise a mutually different dimension, unambiguous within the column, along a column direction. 13. The device in accordance with claim 12, wherein a quotient of the dimension of any two neighboring electrodes along the row direction comprises a uniform quotient value; and/or
wherein a quotient of the dimension of any two electrodes along the column direction comprises the uniform quotient value. 14. The device in accordance with claim 13, wherein the quotient value comprises a value within a range of values of at least 1.5 and at most 10. 15. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the multimode interferometer is configured to vary the refraction index of the material in a locally varying manner based on a bit sequence comprising a first number of bits, wherein the evaluator is configured to provide, for the key, a bit sequence comprising the first number of bits for the key. 16. The device in accordance with claim 15, configured to provide the bit sequence at a signal output and to receive, at a signal input, an input signal which comprises a reference key, the device being configured to compare the reference key to the key and to evaluate an identity of a transmitter of the input signal based on a result of the comparison. 17. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the key is a first key, the device being configured to guide first light through the light path during a first time interval in order to acquire the first key, and to guide second light through the light path during a second time interval in order to acquire a second key, wherein the evaluator is configured to combine the first key and the second key to form a total key. 18. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the multimode interferometer is a first multimode interferometer, the device comprising at least a second multimode interferometer coupled to an output of the light path. 19. The device in accordance with claim 18, comprising at least a third multimode interferometer which is coupled to the output of the light path in parallel to the second multimode interferometer and configured to acquire a local intensity distribution of the light path which differs from the second multimode interferometer. 20. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the multimode interferometer is a first multimode interferometer which is arranged to be interleaved in a second multimode interferometer. 21. The device in accordance with claim 20, wherein the light path is a first light path and comprises at least two spatially spaced apart outputs of the light path which are configured to output different spatial intensity distributions of the light path and which are coupled to an input of the second light path of the second multimode interferometer at different lateral positions. 22. The device in accordance with claim 1, comprising an output interface configured to provide the key. 23. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the material comprises at least one of an electro-optical material, a magneto-optical material, a thermos-optical material and a voltage-optical material. 24. The device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the material is an electro-optical material and comprises at least one of beta barium borate, lithium niobate, lead lanthanium zirconate titanate and liquid crystals. 25. A method for generating a key, comprising:
guiding light from an input side of a light path to an output side of the light path under the influence of a locally varying refraction index of a material of the light path, the material comprising a controllable refraction index; generating the locally varying refraction index by an electrode arrangement based on locally varying electrical fields of the electrode arrangement; providing influenced light at the output side; receiving the influenced light at the output side by a receiver which comprises an array of photodetectors; performing an evaluation based on the influenced light by performing a threshold value decision, for each of the photodetectors, as to whether a quantity detected in the respective photodetector is to be transferred to a binary 0 or a binary 1; and generating the key based on the evaluation by lining up the threshold value decisions. | 3,700 |
346,571 | 16,805,009 | 3,792 | A system and method of re-identifying players in a broadcast video feed are provided herein. A computing system retrieves a broadcast video feed for a sporting event. The broadcast video feed includes a plurality of video frames. The computing system generates a plurality of tracks based on the plurality of video frames. Each track includes a plurality of image patches associated with at least one player. Each image patch of the plurality of image patches is a subset of the corresponding frame of the plurality of video frames. For each track, the computing system generates a gallery of image patches. A jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery. The computing system matches, via a convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries. The computing system measures, via a neural network, a similarity score for each matched track and associates two tracks based on the measured similarity. | 1. A method of re-identifying players in a broadcast video feed, comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames; generating, by the computing system, a plurality of tracks based on the plurality of video frames, wherein each track comprises a plurality of image patches associated with at least one player, each image patch of the plurality of image patches being a subset of the corresponding frame of the plurality of video frames; for each track, generating, by the computing system, a gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery; matching, by the computing system via a convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries; measuring, by the computing system via a neural network, a similarity score for each matched track; and associating, by the computing system, two tracks based on the measured similarity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each track further comprises a player identity label associated with each image patch of the plurality of image patches. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, by the computing system, for each track, the gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery comprises:
determining an orientation of the player in each image patch of the plurality of image patches associated with the track; identifying a subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than a threshold value; and adding the subset of tracks to the gallery of image patches associated with the track. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein identifying the subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than the threshold value comprises:
calculating, for each image patch, a shoulder width of the player to determine the player; and normalizing the shoulder width by a length of a torso of the player. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein matching, by the computing system via the convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries, comprises:
identifying a first track corresponding to a first player; learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a first set of jersey features associated with the first player in a first set of image patches associated with the first track; identifying a second track corresponding to a second player; and learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a second set of jersey features associated with the second player in a second set of image patches associated with the second track. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring, by the computing system via the neural network, the similarity score for each matched track comprises:
computing, via the neural network, the similarity score between the first set of jersey features and the second set of jersey features by comparing every pair of image patches across the first set of image patches and the second set of image patches; and averaging, via the neural network, the similarity score of all pairs of image patches. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining that the average similarity score is at least higher than a threshold value; and based on the average similarity score being at least higher than the threshold value, determining that the first player and the second player are the same player. 8. A system for re-identifying players in a broadcast video feed, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having programming instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, performs one or more operations, comprising: retrieving a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames; generating a plurality of tracks based on the plurality of video frames, wherein each track comprises a plurality of image patches associated with at least one player, each image patch of the plurality of image patches being a subset of the corresponding frame of the plurality of video frames; for each track, generating a gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery; matching, via a convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries; measuring, via a neural network, a similarity score for each matched track; and associating two tracks based on the measured similarity. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein each track further comprises a player identity label associated with each image patch of the plurality of image patches. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein generating, for each track, the gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery comprises:
determining an orientation of the player in each image patch of the plurality of image patches associated with the track; identifying a subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than a threshold value; and adding the subset of tracks to the gallery of image patches associated with the track. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein identifying the subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than the threshold value comprises:
calculating, for each image patch, a shoulder width of the player to determine the player; and normalizing the shoulder width by a length of a torso of the player. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein matching, via the convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries, comprises:
identifying a first track corresponding to a first player; learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a first set of jersey features associated with the first player in a first set of image patches associated with the first track; identifying a second track corresponding to a second player; and learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a second set of jersey features associated with the second player in a second set of image patches associated with the second track. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein measuring, via the neural network, the similarity score for each matched track comprises:
computing, via the neural network, the similarity score between the first set of jersey features and the second set of jersey features by comparing every pair of image patches across the first set of image patches and the second set of image patches; and averaging, via the neural network, the similarity score of all pairs of image patches. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
determining that the average similarity score is at least higher than a threshold value; and based on the average similarity score being at least higher than the threshold value, determining that the first player and the second player are the same player. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames; generating, by the computing system, a plurality of tracks based on the plurality of video frames, wherein each track comprises a plurality of image patches associated with at least one player, each image patch of the plurality of image patches being a subset of the corresponding frame of the plurality of video frames; for each track, generating, by the computing system, a gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery; matching, by the computing system via a convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries; measuring, by the computing system via a neural network, a similarity score for each matched track; and associating, by the computing system, two tracks based on the measured similarity. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein generating, by the computing system, for each track, the gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery comprises:
determining an orientation of the player in each image patch of the plurality of image patches associated with the track; identifying a subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than a threshold value; and adding the subset of tracks to the gallery of image patches associated with the track. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein identifying the subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than the threshold value comprises:
calculating, for each image patch, a shoulder width of the player to determine the player; and normalizing the shoulder width by a length of a torso of the player. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein matching, by the computing system via the convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries, comprises:
identifying a first track corresponding to a first player; learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a first set of jersey features associated with the first player in a first set of image patches associated with the first track; identifying a second track corresponding to a second player; and learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a second set of jersey features associated with the second player in a second set of image patches associated with the second track. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein measuring, by the computing system via the neural network, the similarity score for each matched track comprises:
computing, via the neural network, the similarity score between the first set of jersey features and the second set of jersey features by comparing every pair of image patches across the first set of image patches and the second set of image patches; and averaging, via the neural network, the similarity score of all pairs of image patches. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, further comprising:
determining that the average similarity score is at least higher than a threshold value; and based on the average similarity score being at least higher than the threshold value, determining that the first player and the second player are the same player. | A system and method of re-identifying players in a broadcast video feed are provided herein. A computing system retrieves a broadcast video feed for a sporting event. The broadcast video feed includes a plurality of video frames. The computing system generates a plurality of tracks based on the plurality of video frames. Each track includes a plurality of image patches associated with at least one player. Each image patch of the plurality of image patches is a subset of the corresponding frame of the plurality of video frames. For each track, the computing system generates a gallery of image patches. A jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery. The computing system matches, via a convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries. The computing system measures, via a neural network, a similarity score for each matched track and associates two tracks based on the measured similarity.1. A method of re-identifying players in a broadcast video feed, comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames; generating, by the computing system, a plurality of tracks based on the plurality of video frames, wherein each track comprises a plurality of image patches associated with at least one player, each image patch of the plurality of image patches being a subset of the corresponding frame of the plurality of video frames; for each track, generating, by the computing system, a gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery; matching, by the computing system via a convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries; measuring, by the computing system via a neural network, a similarity score for each matched track; and associating, by the computing system, two tracks based on the measured similarity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each track further comprises a player identity label associated with each image patch of the plurality of image patches. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, by the computing system, for each track, the gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery comprises:
determining an orientation of the player in each image patch of the plurality of image patches associated with the track; identifying a subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than a threshold value; and adding the subset of tracks to the gallery of image patches associated with the track. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein identifying the subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than the threshold value comprises:
calculating, for each image patch, a shoulder width of the player to determine the player; and normalizing the shoulder width by a length of a torso of the player. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein matching, by the computing system via the convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries, comprises:
identifying a first track corresponding to a first player; learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a first set of jersey features associated with the first player in a first set of image patches associated with the first track; identifying a second track corresponding to a second player; and learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a second set of jersey features associated with the second player in a second set of image patches associated with the second track. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein measuring, by the computing system via the neural network, the similarity score for each matched track comprises:
computing, via the neural network, the similarity score between the first set of jersey features and the second set of jersey features by comparing every pair of image patches across the first set of image patches and the second set of image patches; and averaging, via the neural network, the similarity score of all pairs of image patches. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining that the average similarity score is at least higher than a threshold value; and based on the average similarity score being at least higher than the threshold value, determining that the first player and the second player are the same player. 8. A system for re-identifying players in a broadcast video feed, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having programming instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, performs one or more operations, comprising: retrieving a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames; generating a plurality of tracks based on the plurality of video frames, wherein each track comprises a plurality of image patches associated with at least one player, each image patch of the plurality of image patches being a subset of the corresponding frame of the plurality of video frames; for each track, generating a gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery; matching, via a convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries; measuring, via a neural network, a similarity score for each matched track; and associating two tracks based on the measured similarity. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein each track further comprises a player identity label associated with each image patch of the plurality of image patches. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein generating, for each track, the gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery comprises:
determining an orientation of the player in each image patch of the plurality of image patches associated with the track; identifying a subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than a threshold value; and adding the subset of tracks to the gallery of image patches associated with the track. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein identifying the subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than the threshold value comprises:
calculating, for each image patch, a shoulder width of the player to determine the player; and normalizing the shoulder width by a length of a torso of the player. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein matching, via the convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries, comprises:
identifying a first track corresponding to a first player; learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a first set of jersey features associated with the first player in a first set of image patches associated with the first track; identifying a second track corresponding to a second player; and learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a second set of jersey features associated with the second player in a second set of image patches associated with the second track. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein measuring, via the neural network, the similarity score for each matched track comprises:
computing, via the neural network, the similarity score between the first set of jersey features and the second set of jersey features by comparing every pair of image patches across the first set of image patches and the second set of image patches; and averaging, via the neural network, the similarity score of all pairs of image patches. 14. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
determining that the average similarity score is at least higher than a threshold value; and based on the average similarity score being at least higher than the threshold value, determining that the first player and the second player are the same player. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, a broadcast video feed for a sporting event, the broadcast video feed comprising a plurality of video frames; generating, by the computing system, a plurality of tracks based on the plurality of video frames, wherein each track comprises a plurality of image patches associated with at least one player, each image patch of the plurality of image patches being a subset of the corresponding frame of the plurality of video frames; for each track, generating, by the computing system, a gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery; matching, by the computing system via a convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries; measuring, by the computing system via a neural network, a similarity score for each matched track; and associating, by the computing system, two tracks based on the measured similarity. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein generating, by the computing system, for each track, the gallery of image patches wherein a jersey number of each player is visible in each image patch of the gallery comprises:
determining an orientation of the player in each image patch of the plurality of image patches associated with the track; identifying a subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than a threshold value; and adding the subset of tracks to the gallery of image patches associated with the track. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16, wherein identifying the subset of image patches in which the player's orientation in the track is at least greater than the threshold value comprises:
calculating, for each image patch, a shoulder width of the player to determine the player; and normalizing the shoulder width by a length of a torso of the player. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein matching, by the computing system via the convolutional autoencoder, tracks across galleries, comprises:
identifying a first track corresponding to a first player; learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a first set of jersey features associated with the first player in a first set of image patches associated with the first track; identifying a second track corresponding to a second player; and learning, by the convolutional autoencoder, a second set of jersey features associated with the second player in a second set of image patches associated with the second track. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein measuring, by the computing system via the neural network, the similarity score for each matched track comprises:
computing, via the neural network, the similarity score between the first set of jersey features and the second set of jersey features by comparing every pair of image patches across the first set of image patches and the second set of image patches; and averaging, via the neural network, the similarity score of all pairs of image patches. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 19, further comprising:
determining that the average similarity score is at least higher than a threshold value; and based on the average similarity score being at least higher than the threshold value, determining that the first player and the second player are the same player. | 3,700 |
346,572 | 16,805,027 | 3,792 | In one example, a semiconductor device includes a substrate with a top side, a bottom side, and a conductive structure. A first electronic component includes a first side, a second side, and first component terminals adjacent to the first side. The first component terminals face the substrate bottom side and are connected to the conductive structure. A second electronic component comprises a first side, a second side, and second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side. The second electronic component second side is connected to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions. Substrate interconnects are connected to the conductive structure, and a bottom encapsulant covers the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects. Portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure, wherein:
the conductive structure comprises:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side and coupled to the substrate bottom terminals;
a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side and coupled to the first electronic component second side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side;
substrate interconnects coupled to the substrate bottom terminals; and a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects, wherein:
the first electronic component and the second electronic component are interposed between the second component terminals and the substrate bottom side; and
portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from the bottom encapsulant. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise a first thickness; and the first electronic component and the second electronic component combined provide a second thickness. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness is greater than the second thickness; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness and the second thickness are substantially equal; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects and the second component terminals adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness is less than the second thickness; the semiconductor device further comprises:
vias in the bottom encapsulant extending from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant to the substrate interconnects;
first external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects through the vias; and
second external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the bottom encapsulant includes an encapsulant portion over the second electronic component first side between the external interconnects; and
the substrate interconnects protrude below a bottom surface of the bottom encapsulant. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the second electronic component second side is attached to the first electronic component second side with an adhesive material. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise one or more metal core balls; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
an underfill that extends between the substrate bottom side and the first electronic device first side, and that covers a lateral side of the first electronic device. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise first posts; the second component terminals further comprise second posts; the bottom encapsulant covers side surfaces of the second posts; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
external interconnects coupled to the first posts and to the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 11. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure; a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side, wherein:
the first component terminals face the substrate bottom side and are coupled to the conductive structure;
a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side,
wherein:
the second electronic component second side is coupled to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions;
substrate interconnects coupled to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects, wherein:
portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein:
the substrate further comprises a dielectric structure; the conductive structure comprises:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
the first component terminals are coupled to a first set of substrate bottom terminals; the substrate interconnects are coupled to a second set of substrate bottom terminals; the substrate interconnects comprise one or more of metal core balls; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to one or more of the substrate interconnects or the second component terminals. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
vias in the bottom encapsulant extending from the bottom side of the bottom encapsulant to the substrate interconnects; first external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects through the vias; and second external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the first external interconnects are taller than the second external interconnects. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise first posts; the second component terminals further comprise second posts; the bottom encapsulant covers side surfaces of the second posts; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
external interconnects coupled to the first posts and to the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. 16. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure; providing a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side,
providing a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side;
providing substrate interconnects; in any order:
coupling the first component terminals to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side such that first component terminals are interposed between the first electronic component first surface and the substrate bottom side;
coupling the substrate interconnects to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
coupling the second electronic component second side to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions;
and providing a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects; wherein:
portions of the second component terminals and of the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein:
providing the conductive structure comprises providing:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
coupling the first component terminals comprises coupling the first component terminals to a first set of the substrate bottom terminals; coupling the substrate interconnects comprises coupling the substrate interconnects to a second set of the substrate bottom terminals; providing the substrate interconnects comprises providing one or more of metal core balls or posts; and the method further comprises:
coupling external interconnects to one or more of the substrate interconnects or the second component terminals. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
providing external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the bottom encapsulant includes an encapsulant portion over the second electronic component first side between the external interconnects; and
the substrate interconnects protrude below a bottom surface of the bottom encapsulant. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein:
providing the substrate interconnects comprises providing first posts; providing the second electronic component comprises providing the second component terminals further including second posts; providing the bottom encapsulant comprises covering side surfaces of the second posts; and the method further comprises:
providing external interconnects coupled to first posts and the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
attaching a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and providing a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. | In one example, a semiconductor device includes a substrate with a top side, a bottom side, and a conductive structure. A first electronic component includes a first side, a second side, and first component terminals adjacent to the first side. The first component terminals face the substrate bottom side and are connected to the conductive structure. A second electronic component comprises a first side, a second side, and second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side. The second electronic component second side is connected to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions. Substrate interconnects are connected to the conductive structure, and a bottom encapsulant covers the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects. Portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure, wherein:
the conductive structure comprises:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side and coupled to the substrate bottom terminals;
a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side and coupled to the first electronic component second side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side;
substrate interconnects coupled to the substrate bottom terminals; and a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects, wherein:
the first electronic component and the second electronic component are interposed between the second component terminals and the substrate bottom side; and
portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from the bottom encapsulant. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise a first thickness; and the first electronic component and the second electronic component combined provide a second thickness. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness is greater than the second thickness; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness and the second thickness are substantially equal; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects and the second component terminals adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness is less than the second thickness; the semiconductor device further comprises:
vias in the bottom encapsulant extending from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant to the substrate interconnects;
first external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects through the vias; and
second external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the bottom encapsulant includes an encapsulant portion over the second electronic component first side between the external interconnects; and
the substrate interconnects protrude below a bottom surface of the bottom encapsulant. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the second electronic component second side is attached to the first electronic component second side with an adhesive material. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise one or more metal core balls; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
an underfill that extends between the substrate bottom side and the first electronic device first side, and that covers a lateral side of the first electronic device. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise first posts; the second component terminals further comprise second posts; the bottom encapsulant covers side surfaces of the second posts; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
external interconnects coupled to the first posts and to the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 11. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure; a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side, wherein:
the first component terminals face the substrate bottom side and are coupled to the conductive structure;
a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side,
wherein:
the second electronic component second side is coupled to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions;
substrate interconnects coupled to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects, wherein:
portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein:
the substrate further comprises a dielectric structure; the conductive structure comprises:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
the first component terminals are coupled to a first set of substrate bottom terminals; the substrate interconnects are coupled to a second set of substrate bottom terminals; the substrate interconnects comprise one or more of metal core balls; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to one or more of the substrate interconnects or the second component terminals. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
vias in the bottom encapsulant extending from the bottom side of the bottom encapsulant to the substrate interconnects; first external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects through the vias; and second external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the first external interconnects are taller than the second external interconnects. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise first posts; the second component terminals further comprise second posts; the bottom encapsulant covers side surfaces of the second posts; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
external interconnects coupled to the first posts and to the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. 16. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure; providing a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side,
providing a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side;
providing substrate interconnects; in any order:
coupling the first component terminals to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side such that first component terminals are interposed between the first electronic component first surface and the substrate bottom side;
coupling the substrate interconnects to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
coupling the second electronic component second side to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions;
and providing a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects; wherein:
portions of the second component terminals and of the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein:
providing the conductive structure comprises providing:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
coupling the first component terminals comprises coupling the first component terminals to a first set of the substrate bottom terminals; coupling the substrate interconnects comprises coupling the substrate interconnects to a second set of the substrate bottom terminals; providing the substrate interconnects comprises providing one or more of metal core balls or posts; and the method further comprises:
coupling external interconnects to one or more of the substrate interconnects or the second component terminals. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
providing external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the bottom encapsulant includes an encapsulant portion over the second electronic component first side between the external interconnects; and
the substrate interconnects protrude below a bottom surface of the bottom encapsulant. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein:
providing the substrate interconnects comprises providing first posts; providing the second electronic component comprises providing the second component terminals further including second posts; providing the bottom encapsulant comprises covering side surfaces of the second posts; and the method further comprises:
providing external interconnects coupled to first posts and the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
attaching a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and providing a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. | 3,700 |
346,573 | 16,805,032 | 1,619 | In one example, a semiconductor device includes a substrate with a top side, a bottom side, and a conductive structure. A first electronic component includes a first side, a second side, and first component terminals adjacent to the first side. The first component terminals face the substrate bottom side and are connected to the conductive structure. A second electronic component comprises a first side, a second side, and second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side. The second electronic component second side is connected to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions. Substrate interconnects are connected to the conductive structure, and a bottom encapsulant covers the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects. Portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein. | 1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure, wherein:
the conductive structure comprises:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side and coupled to the substrate bottom terminals;
a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side and coupled to the first electronic component second side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side;
substrate interconnects coupled to the substrate bottom terminals; and a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects, wherein:
the first electronic component and the second electronic component are interposed between the second component terminals and the substrate bottom side; and
portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from the bottom encapsulant. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise a first thickness; and the first electronic component and the second electronic component combined provide a second thickness. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness is greater than the second thickness; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness and the second thickness are substantially equal; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects and the second component terminals adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness is less than the second thickness; the semiconductor device further comprises:
vias in the bottom encapsulant extending from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant to the substrate interconnects;
first external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects through the vias; and
second external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the bottom encapsulant includes an encapsulant portion over the second electronic component first side between the external interconnects; and
the substrate interconnects protrude below a bottom surface of the bottom encapsulant. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the second electronic component second side is attached to the first electronic component second side with an adhesive material. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise one or more metal core balls; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
an underfill that extends between the substrate bottom side and the first electronic device first side, and that covers a lateral side of the first electronic device. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise first posts; the second component terminals further comprise second posts; the bottom encapsulant covers side surfaces of the second posts; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
external interconnects coupled to the first posts and to the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 11. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure; a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side, wherein:
the first component terminals face the substrate bottom side and are coupled to the conductive structure;
a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side,
wherein:
the second electronic component second side is coupled to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions;
substrate interconnects coupled to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects, wherein:
portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein:
the substrate further comprises a dielectric structure; the conductive structure comprises:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
the first component terminals are coupled to a first set of substrate bottom terminals; the substrate interconnects are coupled to a second set of substrate bottom terminals; the substrate interconnects comprise one or more of metal core balls; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to one or more of the substrate interconnects or the second component terminals. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
vias in the bottom encapsulant extending from the bottom side of the bottom encapsulant to the substrate interconnects; first external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects through the vias; and second external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the first external interconnects are taller than the second external interconnects. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise first posts; the second component terminals further comprise second posts; the bottom encapsulant covers side surfaces of the second posts; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
external interconnects coupled to the first posts and to the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. 16. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure; providing a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side,
providing a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side;
providing substrate interconnects; in any order:
coupling the first component terminals to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side such that first component terminals are interposed between the first electronic component first surface and the substrate bottom side;
coupling the substrate interconnects to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
coupling the second electronic component second side to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions;
and providing a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects; wherein:
portions of the second component terminals and of the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein:
providing the conductive structure comprises providing:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
coupling the first component terminals comprises coupling the first component terminals to a first set of the substrate bottom terminals; coupling the substrate interconnects comprises coupling the substrate interconnects to a second set of the substrate bottom terminals; providing the substrate interconnects comprises providing one or more of metal core balls or posts; and the method further comprises:
coupling external interconnects to one or more of the substrate interconnects or the second component terminals. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
providing external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the bottom encapsulant includes an encapsulant portion over the second electronic component first side between the external interconnects; and
the substrate interconnects protrude below a bottom surface of the bottom encapsulant. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein:
providing the substrate interconnects comprises providing first posts; providing the second electronic component comprises providing the second component terminals further including second posts; providing the bottom encapsulant comprises covering side surfaces of the second posts; and the method further comprises:
providing external interconnects coupled to first posts and the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
attaching a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and providing a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. | In one example, a semiconductor device includes a substrate with a top side, a bottom side, and a conductive structure. A first electronic component includes a first side, a second side, and first component terminals adjacent to the first side. The first component terminals face the substrate bottom side and are connected to the conductive structure. A second electronic component comprises a first side, a second side, and second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side. The second electronic component second side is connected to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions. Substrate interconnects are connected to the conductive structure, and a bottom encapsulant covers the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects. Portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure, wherein:
the conductive structure comprises:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side and coupled to the substrate bottom terminals;
a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side and coupled to the first electronic component second side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side;
substrate interconnects coupled to the substrate bottom terminals; and a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects, wherein:
the first electronic component and the second electronic component are interposed between the second component terminals and the substrate bottom side; and
portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from the bottom encapsulant. 2. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise a first thickness; and the first electronic component and the second electronic component combined provide a second thickness. 3. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness is greater than the second thickness; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 4. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness and the second thickness are substantially equal; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects and the second component terminals adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 5. The semiconductor device of claim 2, wherein:
the first thickness is less than the second thickness; the semiconductor device further comprises:
vias in the bottom encapsulant extending from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant to the substrate interconnects;
first external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects through the vias; and
second external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals. 6. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the bottom encapsulant includes an encapsulant portion over the second electronic component first side between the external interconnects; and
the substrate interconnects protrude below a bottom surface of the bottom encapsulant. 7. The semiconductor device of claim 1, further comprising:
a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. 8. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the second electronic component second side is attached to the first electronic component second side with an adhesive material. 9. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise one or more metal core balls; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
an underfill that extends between the substrate bottom side and the first electronic device first side, and that covers a lateral side of the first electronic device. 10. The semiconductor device of claim 1, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise first posts; the second component terminals further comprise second posts; the bottom encapsulant covers side surfaces of the second posts; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
external interconnects coupled to the first posts and to the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 11. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure; a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side, wherein:
the first component terminals face the substrate bottom side and are coupled to the conductive structure;
a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side,
wherein:
the second electronic component second side is coupled to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions;
substrate interconnects coupled to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects, wherein:
portions of the second component terminals and the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 12. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein:
the substrate further comprises a dielectric structure; the conductive structure comprises:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
the first component terminals are coupled to a first set of substrate bottom terminals; the substrate interconnects are coupled to a second set of substrate bottom terminals; the substrate interconnects comprise one or more of metal core balls; and the semiconductor device further comprises external interconnects coupled to one or more of the substrate interconnects or the second component terminals. 13. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
vias in the bottom encapsulant extending from the bottom side of the bottom encapsulant to the substrate interconnects; first external interconnects coupled to the substrate interconnects through the vias; and second external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the first external interconnects are taller than the second external interconnects. 14. The semiconductor device of claim 11, wherein:
the substrate interconnects comprise first posts; the second component terminals further comprise second posts; the bottom encapsulant covers side surfaces of the second posts; and the semiconductor device further comprises:
external interconnects coupled to the first posts and to the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 15. The semiconductor device of claim 11, further comprising:
a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. 16. A method of forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
providing a substrate comprising a substrate top side, an opposing substrate bottom side, and a conductive structure; providing a first electronic component comprising:
a first electronic component first side;
a first electronic component second side opposite to the first electronic component first side; and
first component terminals adjacent to the first electronic component first side,
providing a second electronic component comprising:
a second electronic component first side;
a second electronic component second side opposite to the second electronic component first side; and
second component terminals adjacent to the second electronic component first side;
providing substrate interconnects; in any order:
coupling the first component terminals to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side such that first component terminals are interposed between the first electronic component first surface and the substrate bottom side;
coupling the substrate interconnects to the conductive structure adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
coupling the second electronic component second side to the first electronic component second side so that the first component terminals and the second component terminals face opposite directions;
and providing a bottom encapsulant covering the substrate bottom side, the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the substrate interconnects; wherein:
portions of the second component terminals and of the substrate interconnects are exposed from a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein:
providing the conductive structure comprises providing:
substrate top terminals adjacent to the substrate top side;
substrate bottom terminals adjacent to the substrate bottom side; and
conductive paths coupling the substrate top terminals to the substrate bottom terminals;
coupling the first component terminals comprises coupling the first component terminals to a first set of the substrate bottom terminals; coupling the substrate interconnects comprises coupling the substrate interconnects to a second set of the substrate bottom terminals; providing the substrate interconnects comprises providing one or more of metal core balls or posts; and the method further comprises:
coupling external interconnects to one or more of the substrate interconnects or the second component terminals. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
providing external interconnects coupled to the second component terminals, wherein:
the bottom encapsulant includes an encapsulant portion over the second electronic component first side between the external interconnects; and
the substrate interconnects protrude below a bottom surface of the bottom encapsulant. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein:
providing the substrate interconnects comprises providing first posts; providing the second electronic component comprises providing the second component terminals further including second posts; providing the bottom encapsulant comprises covering side surfaces of the second posts; and the method further comprises:
providing external interconnects coupled to first posts and the second posts adjacent to a bottom side of the bottom encapsulant. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
attaching a third electronic component adjacent to the substrate top side; and providing a top encapsulant covering the third electronic component and the substrate top side. | 1,600 |
346,574 | 16,805,000 | 1,619 | A prong is configured for use with a concrete reinforcement element and includes first and second legs positioned opposite first and second sides of the prong and a bridge portion connecting distal ends the legs, where the bridge portion forms a first end of the prong. The legs extend from the bridge portion to a second end of the prong opposite the first end, and each of the legs has a proximal end at the second end of the prong. The proximal end of the first leg is bent toward the second leg, and the proximal end of the second leg is bent toward the first leg, such that the proximal ends of the legs overlap each other. Inner surfaces of the proximal ends of the legs define engagement surfaces configured to engage a tie wire, enabling the proximal ends to be connected to the tie wire. | 1. A concrete reinforcement mat comprising:
a plurality of concrete reinforcement elements, each concrete reinforcement element comprising a tie wire having a length and a plurality of prongs connected along the length of the tie wire, each of the prongs being spaced from adjacent prongs, wherein each of the prongs comprises:
a first leg and a second leg, with a bridge portion connecting the first leg and the second leg, wherein the bridge portion forms a first end of the prong distal from the tie wire, the first and second legs extending from the bridge portion to a second end of the prong opposite the first end, and wherein the second end of the prong is connected to the tie wire, wherein the prong extends outwardly away from a top side of the tie wire and has a prong length defined between the first and second ends, and wherein the prong is elongated such that a maximum spacing between the first and second legs is smaller than the prong length,
wherein each of the first and second legs has a proximal end at the second end of the prong, wherein the proximal end of the first leg extends on a first side of the tie wire and is bent toward the second leg to extend at least partially around an underside of the tie wire opposite the top side, and wherein the proximal end of the second leg extends on a second side of the tie wire opposite the first side and is bent toward the first side to extend at least partially around the underside of the tie wire,
wherein the second end of each prong is connected to the tie wire by welding, such that at least a portion of each of the proximal ends of the first and second legs is welded to the underside of the tie wire; and
a plurality of cross-wires connected to the plurality of concrete reinforcement elements by connection to the tie wires, such that the concrete reinforcement elements are all positioned in spaced relation and extending along a first direction, and the cross-wires are connected between the concrete reinforcement elements in spaced relation to each other and extend along a second direction transverse to the first direction. 2. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the prongs on each reinforcement element are not aligned with the prongs on adjacent reinforcement elements. 3. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the mat is configured such that an applied load sufficient to cause failure of one of the prongs when exerted on the bridge portion of the prong in a direction away from the tie wire is higher than a bond strength of the welding. 4. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the mat is configured such that an applied load sufficient to cause failure of one of the prongs when exerted on the bridge portion of the prong in a direction away from the tie wire is approximately equal to an applied load sufficient to cause fracture of the prong. 5. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of each of the proximal ends of the first and second legs welded to the underside of the tie wire defines a curved surface that is welded to the tie wire. 6. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the proximal ends of the first and second legs overlap each other, and wherein confronting surfaces of the proximal ends of the first and second legs contact each other while overlapping. 7. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the first and second legs of each prong are disposed at an acute angle to each other. 8. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the first end of each prong is a free end, such that the prong is secured only at the second end. 9. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein each concrete reinforcement element further comprises a lock rod connected to the first end of each of the prongs of the respective concrete reinforcement element, such that each prong is secured only to the tie wire at the second end and to the lock rod at the first end. 10. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the bridge portion of each prong has a bend of at least 180° and a radius of curvature of about 0.5 inch. 11. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the proximal ends of the first and second legs of each prong each have a bend portion, and wherein the bend portion of each of the first and second legs is bent to an angle of at least 90° and not exceeding 135°. 12. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the concrete reinforcement mat is configured for use with a reinforced concrete pipe comprising a concrete wall defining a central passage, such that the concrete reinforcement mat is embedded within the concrete wall. 13. A concrete reinforcement mat comprising:
a plurality of concrete reinforcement elements, each concrete reinforcement element comprising a tie wire having a length and a plurality of prongs connected along the length of the tie wire, each of the prongs being spaced from adjacent prongs, wherein each of the prongs comprises:
a first leg and a second leg, with a bridge portion connecting the first leg and the second leg, wherein the bridge portion forms a first end of the prong distal from the tie wire, the first and second legs extending from the bridge portion to a second end of the prong opposite the first end, and wherein the second end of the prong is connected to the tie wire, wherein the prong extends outwardly away from a top side of the tie wire and has a prong length defined between the first and second ends, and wherein the prong is elongated such that a maximum spacing between the first and second legs is smaller than the prong length,
wherein each of the first and second legs has a proximal end at the second end of the prong, wherein the proximal end of the first leg extends on a first side of the tie wire and is bent toward the second leg to extend at least partially around an underside of the tie wire opposite the top side, and wherein the proximal end of the second leg extends on a second side of the tie wire opposite the first side and is bent toward the first side to extend at least partially around the underside of the tie wire,
wherein the first and second legs of each prong are disposed at an acute angle to each other, and the proximal ends of the first and second legs overlap each other, such that confronting surfaces of the proximal ends of the first and second legs contact each other while overlapping,
wherein the second end of each prong is connected to the tie wire by welding, such that at least a portion of each of the proximal ends of the first and second legs is welded to the underside of the tie wire, and wherein the at least a portion of each of the proximal ends of the first and second legs welded to the underside of the tie wire defines a curved surface that is welded to the tie wire; and
a plurality of cross-wires connected to the plurality of concrete reinforcement elements by connection to the tie wires, such that the concrete reinforcement elements are all positioned in spaced relation and extending along a first direction, and the cross-wires are connected between the concrete reinforcement elements in spaced relation to each other and extend along a second direction transverse to the first direction. 14. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein the prongs on each reinforcement element are not aligned with the prongs on adjacent reinforcement elements. 15. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein the mat is configured such that an applied load sufficient to cause failure of one of the prongs when exerted on the bridge portion of the prong in a direction away from the tie wire is higher than a bond strength of the welding. 16. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein the mat is configured such that an applied load sufficient to cause failure of one of the prongs when exerted on the bridge portion of the prong in a direction away from the tie wire is approximately equal to an applied load sufficient to cause fracture of the prong. 17. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein the first end of each prong is a free end, such that the prong is secured only at the second end. 18. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein each concrete reinforcement element further comprises a lock rod connected to the first end of each of the prongs of the respective concrete reinforcement element, such that each prong is secured only to the tie wire at the second end and to the lock rod at the first end. 19. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein the bridge portion of each prong has a bend of at least 180° and a radius of curvature of about 0.5 inch. 20. The concrete reinforcement element of claim 13, wherein the proximal ends of the first and second legs of each prong each have a bend portion, and wherein the bend portion of each of the first and second legs is bent to an angle of at least 90° and not exceeding 135°. | A prong is configured for use with a concrete reinforcement element and includes first and second legs positioned opposite first and second sides of the prong and a bridge portion connecting distal ends the legs, where the bridge portion forms a first end of the prong. The legs extend from the bridge portion to a second end of the prong opposite the first end, and each of the legs has a proximal end at the second end of the prong. The proximal end of the first leg is bent toward the second leg, and the proximal end of the second leg is bent toward the first leg, such that the proximal ends of the legs overlap each other. Inner surfaces of the proximal ends of the legs define engagement surfaces configured to engage a tie wire, enabling the proximal ends to be connected to the tie wire.1. A concrete reinforcement mat comprising:
a plurality of concrete reinforcement elements, each concrete reinforcement element comprising a tie wire having a length and a plurality of prongs connected along the length of the tie wire, each of the prongs being spaced from adjacent prongs, wherein each of the prongs comprises:
a first leg and a second leg, with a bridge portion connecting the first leg and the second leg, wherein the bridge portion forms a first end of the prong distal from the tie wire, the first and second legs extending from the bridge portion to a second end of the prong opposite the first end, and wherein the second end of the prong is connected to the tie wire, wherein the prong extends outwardly away from a top side of the tie wire and has a prong length defined between the first and second ends, and wherein the prong is elongated such that a maximum spacing between the first and second legs is smaller than the prong length,
wherein each of the first and second legs has a proximal end at the second end of the prong, wherein the proximal end of the first leg extends on a first side of the tie wire and is bent toward the second leg to extend at least partially around an underside of the tie wire opposite the top side, and wherein the proximal end of the second leg extends on a second side of the tie wire opposite the first side and is bent toward the first side to extend at least partially around the underside of the tie wire,
wherein the second end of each prong is connected to the tie wire by welding, such that at least a portion of each of the proximal ends of the first and second legs is welded to the underside of the tie wire; and
a plurality of cross-wires connected to the plurality of concrete reinforcement elements by connection to the tie wires, such that the concrete reinforcement elements are all positioned in spaced relation and extending along a first direction, and the cross-wires are connected between the concrete reinforcement elements in spaced relation to each other and extend along a second direction transverse to the first direction. 2. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the prongs on each reinforcement element are not aligned with the prongs on adjacent reinforcement elements. 3. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the mat is configured such that an applied load sufficient to cause failure of one of the prongs when exerted on the bridge portion of the prong in a direction away from the tie wire is higher than a bond strength of the welding. 4. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the mat is configured such that an applied load sufficient to cause failure of one of the prongs when exerted on the bridge portion of the prong in a direction away from the tie wire is approximately equal to an applied load sufficient to cause fracture of the prong. 5. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of each of the proximal ends of the first and second legs welded to the underside of the tie wire defines a curved surface that is welded to the tie wire. 6. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the proximal ends of the first and second legs overlap each other, and wherein confronting surfaces of the proximal ends of the first and second legs contact each other while overlapping. 7. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the first and second legs of each prong are disposed at an acute angle to each other. 8. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the first end of each prong is a free end, such that the prong is secured only at the second end. 9. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein each concrete reinforcement element further comprises a lock rod connected to the first end of each of the prongs of the respective concrete reinforcement element, such that each prong is secured only to the tie wire at the second end and to the lock rod at the first end. 10. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the bridge portion of each prong has a bend of at least 180° and a radius of curvature of about 0.5 inch. 11. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the proximal ends of the first and second legs of each prong each have a bend portion, and wherein the bend portion of each of the first and second legs is bent to an angle of at least 90° and not exceeding 135°. 12. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 1, wherein the concrete reinforcement mat is configured for use with a reinforced concrete pipe comprising a concrete wall defining a central passage, such that the concrete reinforcement mat is embedded within the concrete wall. 13. A concrete reinforcement mat comprising:
a plurality of concrete reinforcement elements, each concrete reinforcement element comprising a tie wire having a length and a plurality of prongs connected along the length of the tie wire, each of the prongs being spaced from adjacent prongs, wherein each of the prongs comprises:
a first leg and a second leg, with a bridge portion connecting the first leg and the second leg, wherein the bridge portion forms a first end of the prong distal from the tie wire, the first and second legs extending from the bridge portion to a second end of the prong opposite the first end, and wherein the second end of the prong is connected to the tie wire, wherein the prong extends outwardly away from a top side of the tie wire and has a prong length defined between the first and second ends, and wherein the prong is elongated such that a maximum spacing between the first and second legs is smaller than the prong length,
wherein each of the first and second legs has a proximal end at the second end of the prong, wherein the proximal end of the first leg extends on a first side of the tie wire and is bent toward the second leg to extend at least partially around an underside of the tie wire opposite the top side, and wherein the proximal end of the second leg extends on a second side of the tie wire opposite the first side and is bent toward the first side to extend at least partially around the underside of the tie wire,
wherein the first and second legs of each prong are disposed at an acute angle to each other, and the proximal ends of the first and second legs overlap each other, such that confronting surfaces of the proximal ends of the first and second legs contact each other while overlapping,
wherein the second end of each prong is connected to the tie wire by welding, such that at least a portion of each of the proximal ends of the first and second legs is welded to the underside of the tie wire, and wherein the at least a portion of each of the proximal ends of the first and second legs welded to the underside of the tie wire defines a curved surface that is welded to the tie wire; and
a plurality of cross-wires connected to the plurality of concrete reinforcement elements by connection to the tie wires, such that the concrete reinforcement elements are all positioned in spaced relation and extending along a first direction, and the cross-wires are connected between the concrete reinforcement elements in spaced relation to each other and extend along a second direction transverse to the first direction. 14. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein the prongs on each reinforcement element are not aligned with the prongs on adjacent reinforcement elements. 15. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein the mat is configured such that an applied load sufficient to cause failure of one of the prongs when exerted on the bridge portion of the prong in a direction away from the tie wire is higher than a bond strength of the welding. 16. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein the mat is configured such that an applied load sufficient to cause failure of one of the prongs when exerted on the bridge portion of the prong in a direction away from the tie wire is approximately equal to an applied load sufficient to cause fracture of the prong. 17. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein the first end of each prong is a free end, such that the prong is secured only at the second end. 18. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein each concrete reinforcement element further comprises a lock rod connected to the first end of each of the prongs of the respective concrete reinforcement element, such that each prong is secured only to the tie wire at the second end and to the lock rod at the first end. 19. The concrete reinforcement mat of claim 13, wherein the bridge portion of each prong has a bend of at least 180° and a radius of curvature of about 0.5 inch. 20. The concrete reinforcement element of claim 13, wherein the proximal ends of the first and second legs of each prong each have a bend portion, and wherein the bend portion of each of the first and second legs is bent to an angle of at least 90° and not exceeding 135°. | 1,600 |
346,575 | 16,805,013 | 1,619 | There are provided a lens barrel and a cam follower that can appropriately prevent the occurrence of backlash and can be smoothly operated while relaxing the requirements for machining accuracy. The lens barrel includes a stationary barrel, a rotary barrel, and a movable barrel, and moves the movable barrel along an optical axis by the rotation of the rotary barrel relative to the stationary barrel. The movable barrel includes a cam follower (100) which has a hollow shape and of which a distal end is open; and the cam follower (100) is fitted to a straight groove provided in the stationary barrel and a cam groove provided in the rotary barrel. The cam follower (100) includes a press-fitting portion provided at a proximal end portion thereof, and is mounted on the movable barrel through the press-fitting portion. Further, the surface of the cam follower (100) to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the cam groove and the surface of the cam follower (100) to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the straight groove have an arc shape convex toward the outside, and the cam follower (100) is in point contact with the inner wall surfaces of the cam groove and the straight groove. Furthermore, the cam follower (100) includes a first slit (120) that is cut in from the distal end toward a proximal end thereof in parallel to an axis and a second slit (122) that is cut in from an outer peripheral portion of the cam follower toward an inner peripheral portion thereof so as to be orthogonal to the axis. The second slit (122) is disposed at a position that is closer to the proximal end than a portion of the cam follower (100) to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the cam groove and a portion of the cam follower (100) to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the straight groove and is closer to the distal end than the press-fitting portion (102), and penetrates the inner peripheral portion. | 1. A lens barrel comprising:
a first barrel including a cam groove; a second barrel including a straight groove; a movable barrel that is disposed in the first barrel and the second barrel; and a cam follower which is provided on the movable barrel and has a hollow shape and of which a distal end to be fitted to the straight groove and the cam groove is open, wherein the movable barrel is moved along an optical axis by relative rotation of the first barrel and the second barrel, the cam follower includes a press-fitting portion that is provided at a proximal end portion thereof and is to be press-fitted to a protruding portion or a recessed portion provided on the movable barrel, a surface of the cam follower to be in contact with an inner wall surface of the cam groove and a surface of the cam follower to be in contact with an inner wall surface of the straight groove have an arc shape convex toward an outside, the cam follower includes a first slit that is cut in from the distal end toward a proximal end thereof in parallel to an axis and a second slit that is cut in from an outer peripheral portion of the cam follower toward an inner peripheral portion thereof so as to be orthogonal to the axis, and the second slit is disposed at a position that is closer to the proximal end than a portion of the cam follower to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the cam groove and a portion of the cam follower to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the straight groove and is closer to the distal end than the press-fitting portion, and penetrates the inner peripheral portion. 2. The lens barrel according to claim 1,
wherein end portions of the first slit and the second slit have a round shape. 3. The lens barrel according to claim 1,
wherein the cam follower includes the first slits provided at a plurality of positions at regular intervals in a circumferential direction. 4. The lens barrel according to claim 3,
wherein the cam follower includes the first slits arranged at two positions in the circumferential direction. 5. The lens barrel according to claim 4,
wherein the first slit of the cam follower mounted on the movable barrel is positioned in a middle portion of a width of the cam groove. 6. The lens barrel according to claim 3,
wherein the cam follower includes the second slit disposed between the first slits adjacent to each other. 7. The lens barrel according to claim 6,
wherein a length in the circumferential direction between an end portion of the second slit and the first slit is in a range of 10% to 20% of an entire circumference. 8. The lens barrel according to claim 1,
wherein the cam follower includes a through-hole that is provided in a bottom of the inner peripheral portion and is parallel to the axis, a fastening member passes through the through-hole from the inner peripheral portion, and the cam follower is fixed to the movable barrel by the fastening member. 9. The lens barrel according to claim 8,
wherein at least a surface of the bottom of the inner peripheral portion of the cam follower, which is to be in contact with the fastening member, is positioned closer to the proximal end than a distal end-side inner wall surface of the second slit. 10. The lens barrel according to claim 9,
wherein the first slit of the cam follower is cut in up to the bottom of the inner peripheral portion. 11. A cam follower, which is provided on a movable barrel and has a hollow shape and of which a distal end to be fitted to a straight groove provided in a first barrel and a cam groove provided in a second barrel is open, in a lens barrel that moves the movable barrel disposed in the first barrel and the second barrel along an optical axis by relative rotation of the first barrel and the second barrel, the cam follower comprising:
a press-fitting portion that is provided at a proximal end portion thereof and is to be press-fitted to a protruding portion or a recessed portion provided on the movable barrel; a surface to be in contact with an inner wall surface of the cam groove and a surface to be in contact with an inner wall surface of the straight groove that have an arc shape convex toward an outside; and a first slit that is cut in from the distal end toward a proximal end thereof in parallel to an axis and a second slit that is cut in from an outer peripheral portion of the cam follower toward an inner peripheral portion thereof so as to be orthogonal to the axis, wherein the second slit is disposed at a position that is closer to the proximal end than a portion of the cam follower to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the cam groove and a portion of the cam follower to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the straight groove and is closer to the distal end than the press-fitting portion, and penetrates the inner peripheral portion. | There are provided a lens barrel and a cam follower that can appropriately prevent the occurrence of backlash and can be smoothly operated while relaxing the requirements for machining accuracy. The lens barrel includes a stationary barrel, a rotary barrel, and a movable barrel, and moves the movable barrel along an optical axis by the rotation of the rotary barrel relative to the stationary barrel. The movable barrel includes a cam follower (100) which has a hollow shape and of which a distal end is open; and the cam follower (100) is fitted to a straight groove provided in the stationary barrel and a cam groove provided in the rotary barrel. The cam follower (100) includes a press-fitting portion provided at a proximal end portion thereof, and is mounted on the movable barrel through the press-fitting portion. Further, the surface of the cam follower (100) to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the cam groove and the surface of the cam follower (100) to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the straight groove have an arc shape convex toward the outside, and the cam follower (100) is in point contact with the inner wall surfaces of the cam groove and the straight groove. Furthermore, the cam follower (100) includes a first slit (120) that is cut in from the distal end toward a proximal end thereof in parallel to an axis and a second slit (122) that is cut in from an outer peripheral portion of the cam follower toward an inner peripheral portion thereof so as to be orthogonal to the axis. The second slit (122) is disposed at a position that is closer to the proximal end than a portion of the cam follower (100) to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the cam groove and a portion of the cam follower (100) to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the straight groove and is closer to the distal end than the press-fitting portion (102), and penetrates the inner peripheral portion.1. A lens barrel comprising:
a first barrel including a cam groove; a second barrel including a straight groove; a movable barrel that is disposed in the first barrel and the second barrel; and a cam follower which is provided on the movable barrel and has a hollow shape and of which a distal end to be fitted to the straight groove and the cam groove is open, wherein the movable barrel is moved along an optical axis by relative rotation of the first barrel and the second barrel, the cam follower includes a press-fitting portion that is provided at a proximal end portion thereof and is to be press-fitted to a protruding portion or a recessed portion provided on the movable barrel, a surface of the cam follower to be in contact with an inner wall surface of the cam groove and a surface of the cam follower to be in contact with an inner wall surface of the straight groove have an arc shape convex toward an outside, the cam follower includes a first slit that is cut in from the distal end toward a proximal end thereof in parallel to an axis and a second slit that is cut in from an outer peripheral portion of the cam follower toward an inner peripheral portion thereof so as to be orthogonal to the axis, and the second slit is disposed at a position that is closer to the proximal end than a portion of the cam follower to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the cam groove and a portion of the cam follower to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the straight groove and is closer to the distal end than the press-fitting portion, and penetrates the inner peripheral portion. 2. The lens barrel according to claim 1,
wherein end portions of the first slit and the second slit have a round shape. 3. The lens barrel according to claim 1,
wherein the cam follower includes the first slits provided at a plurality of positions at regular intervals in a circumferential direction. 4. The lens barrel according to claim 3,
wherein the cam follower includes the first slits arranged at two positions in the circumferential direction. 5. The lens barrel according to claim 4,
wherein the first slit of the cam follower mounted on the movable barrel is positioned in a middle portion of a width of the cam groove. 6. The lens barrel according to claim 3,
wherein the cam follower includes the second slit disposed between the first slits adjacent to each other. 7. The lens barrel according to claim 6,
wherein a length in the circumferential direction between an end portion of the second slit and the first slit is in a range of 10% to 20% of an entire circumference. 8. The lens barrel according to claim 1,
wherein the cam follower includes a through-hole that is provided in a bottom of the inner peripheral portion and is parallel to the axis, a fastening member passes through the through-hole from the inner peripheral portion, and the cam follower is fixed to the movable barrel by the fastening member. 9. The lens barrel according to claim 8,
wherein at least a surface of the bottom of the inner peripheral portion of the cam follower, which is to be in contact with the fastening member, is positioned closer to the proximal end than a distal end-side inner wall surface of the second slit. 10. The lens barrel according to claim 9,
wherein the first slit of the cam follower is cut in up to the bottom of the inner peripheral portion. 11. A cam follower, which is provided on a movable barrel and has a hollow shape and of which a distal end to be fitted to a straight groove provided in a first barrel and a cam groove provided in a second barrel is open, in a lens barrel that moves the movable barrel disposed in the first barrel and the second barrel along an optical axis by relative rotation of the first barrel and the second barrel, the cam follower comprising:
a press-fitting portion that is provided at a proximal end portion thereof and is to be press-fitted to a protruding portion or a recessed portion provided on the movable barrel; a surface to be in contact with an inner wall surface of the cam groove and a surface to be in contact with an inner wall surface of the straight groove that have an arc shape convex toward an outside; and a first slit that is cut in from the distal end toward a proximal end thereof in parallel to an axis and a second slit that is cut in from an outer peripheral portion of the cam follower toward an inner peripheral portion thereof so as to be orthogonal to the axis, wherein the second slit is disposed at a position that is closer to the proximal end than a portion of the cam follower to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the cam groove and a portion of the cam follower to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the straight groove and is closer to the distal end than the press-fitting portion, and penetrates the inner peripheral portion. | 1,600 |
346,576 | 16,805,023 | 1,619 | A battery pack includes a plurality of secondary batteries, and a battery holding member. The battery holding member is configured to hold the plurality of secondary batteries; and includes a partition part and a thermal expansion material. The partition part is provided between the plurality of secondary batteries to define an arrangement area where the plurality of secondary batteries is disposed. | 1. A battery pack comprising:
a plurality of secondary batteries; and a battery holding member configured to hold the plurality of secondary batteries, wherein the battery holding member includes a partition part and a thermal expansion material, and wherein the partition part is provided between the plurality of secondary batteries to define an arrangement area where the plurality of secondary batteries is disposed. 2. The battery pack according to claim 1,
wherein the battery holding member further includes a frame part, and wherein the frame part is disposed around the plurality of secondary batteries and is connected to the partition part. 3. The battery pack according to claim 1,
wherein the thermal expansion material includes at least one of thermal expansion rubber and thermal expansion sponge. 4. The battery pack according to claim 1,
wherein the thermal expansion material has a thermal expansion ratio of 5 times or more. 5. The battery pack according to claim 1,
further comprising a connection terminal member, wherein the connection terminal member is electrically connected to two or more of the plurality of secondary batteries and is stretchable in response to displacement of the two or more of the plurality of secondary batteries. 6. The battery pack according to claim 1, further comprising a connection terminal member, wherein the connection terminal member is electrically connected to two or more of the plurality of secondary batteries and includes a bent portion so bent as to be partly away from the two or more of the plurality of secondary batteries. 7. The battery pack according to claim 6,
wherein the connection terminal member includes an opening in an area where at least the bent portion is provided. 8. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein
each of the plurality of secondary batteries includes a first end, and a second end opposite to the first end, the battery holding member includes a first battery holding member configured to hold the first end, and a secondary battery holding member configured to hold the second end. 9. The battery pack according to claim 8,
further comprising a partition member between the first battery holding member and the secondary battery holding member, wherein the partition member is disposed between the plurality of secondary batteries to define an arrangement area where the plurality of secondary batteries is disposed. 10. The battery pack according to claim 9,
wherein the partition member includes a thermal expansion material. 11. The battery pack according to claim 9,
further comprising a housing member configured to accommodate the plurality of secondary batteries and the battery holding member, wherein the partition member is connected to the housing member. 12. The battery pack according to claim 11,
wherein each of the partition member and the housing member includes a thermally conductive material. 13. The battery pack according to claim 1,
further comprising a housing member configured to accommodate the plurality of secondary batteries and the battery holding member, wherein the housing member has an interval between each of the plurality of secondary batteries held in the battery holding member. 14. The battery pack according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of secondary batteries include at least a lithium ion secondary battery. 15. A power tool comprising:
a battery pack; and a movable part configured to be supplied with electric power from the battery pack, wherein the battery pack includes a plurality of secondary batteries, and a battery holding member configured to hold the plurality of secondary batteries, wherein the battery holding member includes a partition part and a thermal expansion material, and wherein the partition part is provided between the plurality of secondary batteries to define an arrangement area where the plurality of secondary batteries is disposed. 16. An electronic device comprising a battery pack as a power supply source, wherein
the battery pack includes a plurality of secondary batteries, and a battery holding member configured to hold the plurality of secondary batteries, wherein the battery holding member includes a partition part and a thermal expansion material, and wherein the partition part is provided between the plurality of secondary batteries to define an arrangement area where the plurality of secondary batteries is disposed. | A battery pack includes a plurality of secondary batteries, and a battery holding member. The battery holding member is configured to hold the plurality of secondary batteries; and includes a partition part and a thermal expansion material. The partition part is provided between the plurality of secondary batteries to define an arrangement area where the plurality of secondary batteries is disposed.1. A battery pack comprising:
a plurality of secondary batteries; and a battery holding member configured to hold the plurality of secondary batteries, wherein the battery holding member includes a partition part and a thermal expansion material, and wherein the partition part is provided between the plurality of secondary batteries to define an arrangement area where the plurality of secondary batteries is disposed. 2. The battery pack according to claim 1,
wherein the battery holding member further includes a frame part, and wherein the frame part is disposed around the plurality of secondary batteries and is connected to the partition part. 3. The battery pack according to claim 1,
wherein the thermal expansion material includes at least one of thermal expansion rubber and thermal expansion sponge. 4. The battery pack according to claim 1,
wherein the thermal expansion material has a thermal expansion ratio of 5 times or more. 5. The battery pack according to claim 1,
further comprising a connection terminal member, wherein the connection terminal member is electrically connected to two or more of the plurality of secondary batteries and is stretchable in response to displacement of the two or more of the plurality of secondary batteries. 6. The battery pack according to claim 1, further comprising a connection terminal member, wherein the connection terminal member is electrically connected to two or more of the plurality of secondary batteries and includes a bent portion so bent as to be partly away from the two or more of the plurality of secondary batteries. 7. The battery pack according to claim 6,
wherein the connection terminal member includes an opening in an area where at least the bent portion is provided. 8. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein
each of the plurality of secondary batteries includes a first end, and a second end opposite to the first end, the battery holding member includes a first battery holding member configured to hold the first end, and a secondary battery holding member configured to hold the second end. 9. The battery pack according to claim 8,
further comprising a partition member between the first battery holding member and the secondary battery holding member, wherein the partition member is disposed between the plurality of secondary batteries to define an arrangement area where the plurality of secondary batteries is disposed. 10. The battery pack according to claim 9,
wherein the partition member includes a thermal expansion material. 11. The battery pack according to claim 9,
further comprising a housing member configured to accommodate the plurality of secondary batteries and the battery holding member, wherein the partition member is connected to the housing member. 12. The battery pack according to claim 11,
wherein each of the partition member and the housing member includes a thermally conductive material. 13. The battery pack according to claim 1,
further comprising a housing member configured to accommodate the plurality of secondary batteries and the battery holding member, wherein the housing member has an interval between each of the plurality of secondary batteries held in the battery holding member. 14. The battery pack according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of secondary batteries include at least a lithium ion secondary battery. 15. A power tool comprising:
a battery pack; and a movable part configured to be supplied with electric power from the battery pack, wherein the battery pack includes a plurality of secondary batteries, and a battery holding member configured to hold the plurality of secondary batteries, wherein the battery holding member includes a partition part and a thermal expansion material, and wherein the partition part is provided between the plurality of secondary batteries to define an arrangement area where the plurality of secondary batteries is disposed. 16. An electronic device comprising a battery pack as a power supply source, wherein
the battery pack includes a plurality of secondary batteries, and a battery holding member configured to hold the plurality of secondary batteries, wherein the battery holding member includes a partition part and a thermal expansion material, and wherein the partition part is provided between the plurality of secondary batteries to define an arrangement area where the plurality of secondary batteries is disposed. | 1,600 |
346,577 | 16,804,993 | 1,619 | A method for executing multi-mode turns with a work vehicle includes transmitting initial steering and braking commands for controlling an operation of a steering actuator(s) and a steering brake(s), respectively, of the work vehicle to initiate execution of a multi-mode turning operation. The method also includes determining allowable steering and braking rates for the work vehicle based at least in part on an actual steering rate and an actual braking rate, respectively, of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation, and determining updated steering and braking commands based at least in part on the allowable steering and braking rates. In addition, the method includes transmitting the updated steering and braking commands to control the operation of the steering actuator(s) and the steering brake(s), respectively, to continue execution of the multi-mode turning operation. | 1. A method for executing multi-mode turns with a work vehicle, the work vehicle including a plurality of traction members, at least one steering actuator configured to actuate a first pair of traction members of the plurality of traction members to adjust a steering angle of the work vehicle, and at least one steering brake configured to selectively brake at least one traction member of the plurality of traction members, the method comprising:
transmitting, with one or more computing devices, initial steering and braking commands for controlling an operation of the at least one steering actuator and the at least one steering brake, respectively, to initiate execution of a multi-mode turning operation, the initial steering and braking commands being associated with desired steering and braking rates, respectively, for the multi-mode turning operation; determining, with the one or more computing devices, allowable steering and braking rates for the work vehicle based at least in part on an actual steering rate and an actual braking rate, respectively, of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation; determining, with the one or more computing devices, updated steering and braking commands based at least in part on the allowable steering and braking rates; and transmitting, with the one or more computing devices, the updated steering and braking commands to control the operation of the at least one steering actuator and the at least one steering brake, respectively, to continue execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the initial steering and braking commands for initiating execution of the multi-mode turning operation based at least in part on a maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle and a maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
determining the allowable steering rate for the work vehicle comprises updating the maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle based at least in part on the actual steering rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation; determining the allowable braking rate for the work vehicle comprises updating the maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle based at least in part on the actual braking rate for the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation; and determining the updated steering and braking commands comprises determining the updated steering and braking commands based at least in part on the updated maximum allowable steering and braking rates. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein updating the maximum allowable steering rate comprises determining the updated maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle based on a comparison between the desired steering rate and the actual steering rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein updating the maximum allowable braking rate comprises determining the updated maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle based on a comparison between the desired braking rate and the actual braking rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the updated steering and braking commands comprises determining the updated steering and braking commands based on the updated maximum allowable steering and braking rates and at least one of a maximum braking duration for the at least one steering brake, a ground speed of the work vehicle, an operator-selected aggressiveness setting, one or more parameters associated with a hydraulic system of the work vehicle, or an implement-related parameter of the work vehicle. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the initial steering and braking commands comprises determining the initial steering and braking commands based on the maximum allowable steering and braking rates for the work vehicle and at least one of a maximum braking duration for the at least one steering brake, a ground speed of the work vehicle, an operator-selected aggressiveness setting, one or more parameters associated with a hydraulic system of the work vehicle, or an implement-related parameter of the work vehicle. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining updated steering and braking commands comprises inputting the allowable steering and braking rates as weighted variables into a cost function to determine the updated steering and braking commands. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first pair of traction devices comprises a front pair of traction devices coupled to a front axle of the work vehicle and the second pair of traction devices comprises a rear pair of traction devices coupled to a rear axle of the work vehicle. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one steering brake is provided in operative association with an inner traction device of the rear pair of traction devices, with the inner traction device being selected based on a turning direction of the multi-mode turning operation being executed. 11. A system for executing multi-mode turns with a work vehicle, the system comprising:
a plurality of traction members including a first pair of traction members and a second pair of traction members; a steering assembly including at least one steering actuator configured to actuate the first pair of traction members to adjust a steering angle of the work vehicle; a braking assembly including at least one steering brake configured to selectively brake at least one traction member of the plurality of traction members; and a controller including at least one processor and associated memory, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, configure the controller to:
transmit initial steering and braking commands for controlling an operation of the at least one steering actuator and the at least one steering brake, respectively, to initiate execution of a multi-mode turning operation, the initial steering and braking commands being associated with desired steering and braking rates, respectively, for the multi-mode turning operation;
determine allowable steering and braking rates for the work vehicle based at least in part on an actual steering rate and an actual braking rate, respectively, of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation;
determine updated steering and braking commands based at least in part on the allowable steering and braking rates; and
transmit the updated steering and braking commands to control the operation of the at least one steering actuator and the at least one steering brake, respectively, to continue execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to determine the initial steering and braking commands for initiating execution of the multi-mode turning operation based at least in part on a maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle and a maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the allowable steering rate comprises an updated value for the maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle determined by the controller based at least in part on the actual steering rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation and the allowable braking rate comprises an updated value for the maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle determined by the controller based at least in part on the actual braking rate for the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation, wherein the controller is further configured to determine the updated steering and braking commands based at least in part on the updated values for the maximum allowable steering and braking rates. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to determine the updated value for the maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle based on a comparison between the desired steering rate and the actual steering rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to determine the updated value for the maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle based on a comparison between the desired braking rate and the actual braking rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to determine the updated steering and braking commands based on the updated values for the maximum allowable steering and braking rates and at least one of a maximum braking duration for the at least one steering brake, a ground speed of the work vehicle, an operator-selected aggressiveness setting, one or more parameters associated with a hydraulic system of the work vehicle, or an implement-related parameter of the work vehicle. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to determine the initial steering and braking commands based on the maximum allowable steering and braking rates for the work vehicle and at least one of a maximum braking duration for the at least one steering brake, a ground speed of the work vehicle, an operator-selected aggressiveness setting, one or more parameters associated with a hydraulic system of the work vehicle, or an implement-related parameter of the work vehicle. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to input the allowable steering and braking rates as weighted variables into a cost function to determine the updated steering and braking commands. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the first pair of traction devices comprises a front pair of traction devices coupled to a front axle of the work vehicle and the second pair of traction devices comprises a rear pair of traction devices coupled to a rear axle of the work vehicle. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the at least one steering brake is provided in operative association with an inner traction device of the rear pair of traction devices, with the inner traction device being selected based on a turning direction of the multi-mode turning operation being executed. | A method for executing multi-mode turns with a work vehicle includes transmitting initial steering and braking commands for controlling an operation of a steering actuator(s) and a steering brake(s), respectively, of the work vehicle to initiate execution of a multi-mode turning operation. The method also includes determining allowable steering and braking rates for the work vehicle based at least in part on an actual steering rate and an actual braking rate, respectively, of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation, and determining updated steering and braking commands based at least in part on the allowable steering and braking rates. In addition, the method includes transmitting the updated steering and braking commands to control the operation of the steering actuator(s) and the steering brake(s), respectively, to continue execution of the multi-mode turning operation.1. A method for executing multi-mode turns with a work vehicle, the work vehicle including a plurality of traction members, at least one steering actuator configured to actuate a first pair of traction members of the plurality of traction members to adjust a steering angle of the work vehicle, and at least one steering brake configured to selectively brake at least one traction member of the plurality of traction members, the method comprising:
transmitting, with one or more computing devices, initial steering and braking commands for controlling an operation of the at least one steering actuator and the at least one steering brake, respectively, to initiate execution of a multi-mode turning operation, the initial steering and braking commands being associated with desired steering and braking rates, respectively, for the multi-mode turning operation; determining, with the one or more computing devices, allowable steering and braking rates for the work vehicle based at least in part on an actual steering rate and an actual braking rate, respectively, of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation; determining, with the one or more computing devices, updated steering and braking commands based at least in part on the allowable steering and braking rates; and transmitting, with the one or more computing devices, the updated steering and braking commands to control the operation of the at least one steering actuator and the at least one steering brake, respectively, to continue execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the initial steering and braking commands for initiating execution of the multi-mode turning operation based at least in part on a maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle and a maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
determining the allowable steering rate for the work vehicle comprises updating the maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle based at least in part on the actual steering rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation; determining the allowable braking rate for the work vehicle comprises updating the maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle based at least in part on the actual braking rate for the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation; and determining the updated steering and braking commands comprises determining the updated steering and braking commands based at least in part on the updated maximum allowable steering and braking rates. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein updating the maximum allowable steering rate comprises determining the updated maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle based on a comparison between the desired steering rate and the actual steering rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein updating the maximum allowable braking rate comprises determining the updated maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle based on a comparison between the desired braking rate and the actual braking rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the updated steering and braking commands comprises determining the updated steering and braking commands based on the updated maximum allowable steering and braking rates and at least one of a maximum braking duration for the at least one steering brake, a ground speed of the work vehicle, an operator-selected aggressiveness setting, one or more parameters associated with a hydraulic system of the work vehicle, or an implement-related parameter of the work vehicle. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the initial steering and braking commands comprises determining the initial steering and braking commands based on the maximum allowable steering and braking rates for the work vehicle and at least one of a maximum braking duration for the at least one steering brake, a ground speed of the work vehicle, an operator-selected aggressiveness setting, one or more parameters associated with a hydraulic system of the work vehicle, or an implement-related parameter of the work vehicle. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein determining updated steering and braking commands comprises inputting the allowable steering and braking rates as weighted variables into a cost function to determine the updated steering and braking commands. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first pair of traction devices comprises a front pair of traction devices coupled to a front axle of the work vehicle and the second pair of traction devices comprises a rear pair of traction devices coupled to a rear axle of the work vehicle. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one steering brake is provided in operative association with an inner traction device of the rear pair of traction devices, with the inner traction device being selected based on a turning direction of the multi-mode turning operation being executed. 11. A system for executing multi-mode turns with a work vehicle, the system comprising:
a plurality of traction members including a first pair of traction members and a second pair of traction members; a steering assembly including at least one steering actuator configured to actuate the first pair of traction members to adjust a steering angle of the work vehicle; a braking assembly including at least one steering brake configured to selectively brake at least one traction member of the plurality of traction members; and a controller including at least one processor and associated memory, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, configure the controller to:
transmit initial steering and braking commands for controlling an operation of the at least one steering actuator and the at least one steering brake, respectively, to initiate execution of a multi-mode turning operation, the initial steering and braking commands being associated with desired steering and braking rates, respectively, for the multi-mode turning operation;
determine allowable steering and braking rates for the work vehicle based at least in part on an actual steering rate and an actual braking rate, respectively, of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation;
determine updated steering and braking commands based at least in part on the allowable steering and braking rates; and
transmit the updated steering and braking commands to control the operation of the at least one steering actuator and the at least one steering brake, respectively, to continue execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to determine the initial steering and braking commands for initiating execution of the multi-mode turning operation based at least in part on a maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle and a maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the allowable steering rate comprises an updated value for the maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle determined by the controller based at least in part on the actual steering rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation and the allowable braking rate comprises an updated value for the maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle determined by the controller based at least in part on the actual braking rate for the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation, wherein the controller is further configured to determine the updated steering and braking commands based at least in part on the updated values for the maximum allowable steering and braking rates. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to determine the updated value for the maximum allowable steering rate for the work vehicle based on a comparison between the desired steering rate and the actual steering rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to determine the updated value for the maximum allowable braking rate for the work vehicle based on a comparison between the desired braking rate and the actual braking rate of the work vehicle during execution of the multi-mode turning operation. 16. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to determine the updated steering and braking commands based on the updated values for the maximum allowable steering and braking rates and at least one of a maximum braking duration for the at least one steering brake, a ground speed of the work vehicle, an operator-selected aggressiveness setting, one or more parameters associated with a hydraulic system of the work vehicle, or an implement-related parameter of the work vehicle. 17. The system of claim 12, wherein the controller is configured to determine the initial steering and braking commands based on the maximum allowable steering and braking rates for the work vehicle and at least one of a maximum braking duration for the at least one steering brake, a ground speed of the work vehicle, an operator-selected aggressiveness setting, one or more parameters associated with a hydraulic system of the work vehicle, or an implement-related parameter of the work vehicle. 18. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to input the allowable steering and braking rates as weighted variables into a cost function to determine the updated steering and braking commands. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the first pair of traction devices comprises a front pair of traction devices coupled to a front axle of the work vehicle and the second pair of traction devices comprises a rear pair of traction devices coupled to a rear axle of the work vehicle. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the at least one steering brake is provided in operative association with an inner traction device of the rear pair of traction devices, with the inner traction device being selected based on a turning direction of the multi-mode turning operation being executed. | 1,600 |
346,578 | 16,805,026 | 1,619 | A garbage bin includes a bin body, a first frame, a second frame, and a lid body. The bin body has an opening and an internal space. The first frame is disposed on the bin body and includes a first engaging unit. The first frame encloses a first opening communicating the opening of the bin body. The second frame includes a second engaging unit and encloses a second opening. The second frame is detachably connected to the first frame by an engagement of the first engaging unit and the second engaging unit and communicates the first opening. Each of a direction of the second opening and a direction of the first opening is the same with the direction of the opening of the bin body. The lid body is pivotally connected to the second frame to selectively cover the second opening. | 1. A garbage bin, including:
a bin body, having an opening and an internal space; a first frame, disposed on the bin body, including a first engaging unit and enclosing a first opening, the first opening communicating the opening of the bin body, a direction along which the first opening is formed being the same with a direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed; a second frame, including a second engaging unit and enclosing a second opening, the second frame being detachably connected to the first frame by an engagement of the first engaging unit and the second engaging unit, the second opening communicating the first opening, a direction along which the second opening is formed being the same with the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed; a lid body, pivotally connected to the second frame to selectively cover at least part of the second opening. 2. The garbage bin of claim 1, wherein the second engaging unit includes a plurality of hook members for hooking on the first engaging unit so that the second frame is engaged with the first frame. 3. The garbage bin of claim 2, wherein the first frame includes a first top portion and a first surrounding portion, the first top portion is connected to the first surrounding portion and is nonparallel to the first surrounding portion, the first top portion is adapted for supporting the second frame, the first surrounding portion surrounds the first opening, the plurality of hook members are inserted through the first opening and then hook on the first surrounding portion laterally. 4. The garbage bin of claim 3, wherein the second frame includes a second top potion and a second surrounding portion, the second top portion is connected to the second surrounding portion and is nonparallel to the second surrounding portion, the second surrounding portion surrounds the second opening, the hook members are disposed on the second surrounding portion; when the second frame is engaged with the first frame, the second top portion abuts against the first stop portion, the second surrounding portion is inserted into the first opening so that the second surrounding portion and the first surrounding portion restrict each other along a direction perpendicular to the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed. 5. The garbage bin of claim 4, wherein the bin body defines a central axis, the first top portion includes a first inclined section, the first inclined section faces the opening of the bin body and extends toward the central axis, the second top portion includes a second inclined section, the second inclined section faces the opening of the bin body and extends toward the central axis; when the second frame is engaged with the first frame, the second inclined section abuts against the first inclined section. 6. The garbage bin of claim 4, wherein each of the hook members extends from the second surrounding portion integrally, the second surrounding portion and the first surrounding portion abuts against each other laterally; along the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed, a length of the second surrounding portion is equal to or larger than half a length of the first surrounding portion. 7. The garbage bin of claim 1, wherein the lid body is formed with an inlet opening, a direction along which the inlet opening is formed is the same with the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed, the inlet opening has an area smaller than half an area of the second opening, a covering plate is removably engaged with the lid body to be embedded in the inlet opening in order to cover the inlet opening. 8. The garbage bin of claim 1, further including at least one suspension unit, the at least one suspension unit including a positioning assembly and a suspension member, the positioning assembly being disposed on a side of the first frame opposite to the second frame, the suspension member being detachably engaged with the positioning assembly to be hung in the internal space, the suspension member being adapted for connecting to a deodorant unit. 9. The garbage bin of claim 1, wherein a color of the bin body is the same with a color of the second frame, the color of the second frame is different from a color of the first frame. 10. The garbage bin of claim 5, wherein each of the hook member extends from the second surrounding portion integrally, the second surrounding portion and the first surrounding portion abuts against each other laterally; along the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed, a length of the second surrounding portion is equal to or larger than half a length of the first surrounding portion; the lid body is formed with an inlet opening, a direction along which the inlet opening is formed is the same with the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed, the inlet opening has an area smaller than half an area of the second opening, a covering plate is removably engaged with the lid body to be embedded in the inlet opening in order to cover the inlet opening; the garbage bin further includes two suspension units, each of the suspension units includes a positioning assembly and a suspension member, the positioning assembly is disposed on a side of the first frame opposite to the second frame, the suspension member is detachably engaged with the positioning assembly to be hung in the internal space, the suspension member is adapted for connecting to an deodorant unit; a color of the bin body is the same with a color of the second frame, the color of the second frame is different from a color of the first frame; the first frame includes a first bottom portion and a first flange, the first bottom portion is connected to the first surrounding portion and is nonparallel to the first surrounding portion, the hook members are inserted through the first opening and then hook onto a part of the first bottom portion, the first engaging unit includes a part of the first surrounding portion and the part of the first bottom portion, the first flange extends horizontally from the first bottom portion, the first flange and the first bottom portion form a sleeving portion for being sleeved onto the bin body, the first bottom portion abuts against a terminal end of the bin body; the positioning assembly and the first flange are arranged spacedly, an end of the bin body is located between the positioning assembly and the first flange; the positioning assembly includes two sliding rails detachably screwed with the first bottom portion, the suspension member is detachably and slidably disposed on the two sliding rails; along a direction of the central axis, a length of each of the hook members is 0.8-1.0 time a length of the second surrounding portion; an angle between the first inclined section and the central axis is 60-70 degrees; the hook members includes four said hook members, the four hook members are symmetrically arranged on the second frame; the first top portion further includes a first flat section, the first flat section is connected to an end of the first inclined section remote from the opening of the bin body, the second top portion further includes a second flat section, the second flat section is connected to an end of the second inclined section remote from the opening of the bin body, the first flat section and the second flat section are perpendicular to the central axis respectively, the second flat section abuts against the first flat section when the second frame is engaged with the first frame; the second frame further has a second flange, the second flange extends from the second top portion, the second flange and the second top portion form a receiving portion, the lid body is pivotally connected to the second flange, the lid body is received in the receiving portion when the lid body covers at least a part of the second opening; a plurality of reinforcement ribs are disposed on the lid body; the lid body has a positioning portion extending therefrom, the second frame has an insertion opening and a blocking portion, the blocking portion is movably arranged beside the insertion opening; when the positioning portion is inserted into the insertion opening, the blocking portion is located above the positioning portion so that the lid body is prohibited from pivoting in order to cover the second opening; when the blocking portion is moved away from the positioning portion, the lid body is pivotable; at least one elastic member is biased between the lid body and the second frame so that the lid body tends to move away from the second opening normally; the first inclined section is completely covered by the second inclined section; along the direction perpendicular to the central axis, a portion of the first surrounding portion not abutting against the second surrounding portion is remoter from the central axis than other portions of the first surrounding portion; each of the lid body, the first frame, and the second frame is made of plastic, the bin body is made of metal; a color of the second frame is selected from a group composed of blue, green, yellow, and red. | A garbage bin includes a bin body, a first frame, a second frame, and a lid body. The bin body has an opening and an internal space. The first frame is disposed on the bin body and includes a first engaging unit. The first frame encloses a first opening communicating the opening of the bin body. The second frame includes a second engaging unit and encloses a second opening. The second frame is detachably connected to the first frame by an engagement of the first engaging unit and the second engaging unit and communicates the first opening. Each of a direction of the second opening and a direction of the first opening is the same with the direction of the opening of the bin body. The lid body is pivotally connected to the second frame to selectively cover the second opening.1. A garbage bin, including:
a bin body, having an opening and an internal space; a first frame, disposed on the bin body, including a first engaging unit and enclosing a first opening, the first opening communicating the opening of the bin body, a direction along which the first opening is formed being the same with a direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed; a second frame, including a second engaging unit and enclosing a second opening, the second frame being detachably connected to the first frame by an engagement of the first engaging unit and the second engaging unit, the second opening communicating the first opening, a direction along which the second opening is formed being the same with the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed; a lid body, pivotally connected to the second frame to selectively cover at least part of the second opening. 2. The garbage bin of claim 1, wherein the second engaging unit includes a plurality of hook members for hooking on the first engaging unit so that the second frame is engaged with the first frame. 3. The garbage bin of claim 2, wherein the first frame includes a first top portion and a first surrounding portion, the first top portion is connected to the first surrounding portion and is nonparallel to the first surrounding portion, the first top portion is adapted for supporting the second frame, the first surrounding portion surrounds the first opening, the plurality of hook members are inserted through the first opening and then hook on the first surrounding portion laterally. 4. The garbage bin of claim 3, wherein the second frame includes a second top potion and a second surrounding portion, the second top portion is connected to the second surrounding portion and is nonparallel to the second surrounding portion, the second surrounding portion surrounds the second opening, the hook members are disposed on the second surrounding portion; when the second frame is engaged with the first frame, the second top portion abuts against the first stop portion, the second surrounding portion is inserted into the first opening so that the second surrounding portion and the first surrounding portion restrict each other along a direction perpendicular to the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed. 5. The garbage bin of claim 4, wherein the bin body defines a central axis, the first top portion includes a first inclined section, the first inclined section faces the opening of the bin body and extends toward the central axis, the second top portion includes a second inclined section, the second inclined section faces the opening of the bin body and extends toward the central axis; when the second frame is engaged with the first frame, the second inclined section abuts against the first inclined section. 6. The garbage bin of claim 4, wherein each of the hook members extends from the second surrounding portion integrally, the second surrounding portion and the first surrounding portion abuts against each other laterally; along the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed, a length of the second surrounding portion is equal to or larger than half a length of the first surrounding portion. 7. The garbage bin of claim 1, wherein the lid body is formed with an inlet opening, a direction along which the inlet opening is formed is the same with the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed, the inlet opening has an area smaller than half an area of the second opening, a covering plate is removably engaged with the lid body to be embedded in the inlet opening in order to cover the inlet opening. 8. The garbage bin of claim 1, further including at least one suspension unit, the at least one suspension unit including a positioning assembly and a suspension member, the positioning assembly being disposed on a side of the first frame opposite to the second frame, the suspension member being detachably engaged with the positioning assembly to be hung in the internal space, the suspension member being adapted for connecting to a deodorant unit. 9. The garbage bin of claim 1, wherein a color of the bin body is the same with a color of the second frame, the color of the second frame is different from a color of the first frame. 10. The garbage bin of claim 5, wherein each of the hook member extends from the second surrounding portion integrally, the second surrounding portion and the first surrounding portion abuts against each other laterally; along the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed, a length of the second surrounding portion is equal to or larger than half a length of the first surrounding portion; the lid body is formed with an inlet opening, a direction along which the inlet opening is formed is the same with the direction along which the opening of the bin body is formed, the inlet opening has an area smaller than half an area of the second opening, a covering plate is removably engaged with the lid body to be embedded in the inlet opening in order to cover the inlet opening; the garbage bin further includes two suspension units, each of the suspension units includes a positioning assembly and a suspension member, the positioning assembly is disposed on a side of the first frame opposite to the second frame, the suspension member is detachably engaged with the positioning assembly to be hung in the internal space, the suspension member is adapted for connecting to an deodorant unit; a color of the bin body is the same with a color of the second frame, the color of the second frame is different from a color of the first frame; the first frame includes a first bottom portion and a first flange, the first bottom portion is connected to the first surrounding portion and is nonparallel to the first surrounding portion, the hook members are inserted through the first opening and then hook onto a part of the first bottom portion, the first engaging unit includes a part of the first surrounding portion and the part of the first bottom portion, the first flange extends horizontally from the first bottom portion, the first flange and the first bottom portion form a sleeving portion for being sleeved onto the bin body, the first bottom portion abuts against a terminal end of the bin body; the positioning assembly and the first flange are arranged spacedly, an end of the bin body is located between the positioning assembly and the first flange; the positioning assembly includes two sliding rails detachably screwed with the first bottom portion, the suspension member is detachably and slidably disposed on the two sliding rails; along a direction of the central axis, a length of each of the hook members is 0.8-1.0 time a length of the second surrounding portion; an angle between the first inclined section and the central axis is 60-70 degrees; the hook members includes four said hook members, the four hook members are symmetrically arranged on the second frame; the first top portion further includes a first flat section, the first flat section is connected to an end of the first inclined section remote from the opening of the bin body, the second top portion further includes a second flat section, the second flat section is connected to an end of the second inclined section remote from the opening of the bin body, the first flat section and the second flat section are perpendicular to the central axis respectively, the second flat section abuts against the first flat section when the second frame is engaged with the first frame; the second frame further has a second flange, the second flange extends from the second top portion, the second flange and the second top portion form a receiving portion, the lid body is pivotally connected to the second flange, the lid body is received in the receiving portion when the lid body covers at least a part of the second opening; a plurality of reinforcement ribs are disposed on the lid body; the lid body has a positioning portion extending therefrom, the second frame has an insertion opening and a blocking portion, the blocking portion is movably arranged beside the insertion opening; when the positioning portion is inserted into the insertion opening, the blocking portion is located above the positioning portion so that the lid body is prohibited from pivoting in order to cover the second opening; when the blocking portion is moved away from the positioning portion, the lid body is pivotable; at least one elastic member is biased between the lid body and the second frame so that the lid body tends to move away from the second opening normally; the first inclined section is completely covered by the second inclined section; along the direction perpendicular to the central axis, a portion of the first surrounding portion not abutting against the second surrounding portion is remoter from the central axis than other portions of the first surrounding portion; each of the lid body, the first frame, and the second frame is made of plastic, the bin body is made of metal; a color of the second frame is selected from a group composed of blue, green, yellow, and red. | 1,600 |
346,579 | 16,805,048 | 1,619 | Systems and methods are disclosed for generating consumer analytics for products placed in online shopping carts. A profiler computing system generates a unique tacking profile for associating purchase events by a purchaser. Payment vehicle data and a tracking element are associated with the identified purchaser profile. The purchaser profile may be generated based on purchase information associated with an initial purchase event by the purchaser. The profiler computing system determines whether products abandoned in online shopping carts are purchased at brick-and-mortar affiliates or other merchant forums. Other embodiments are described and claimed. | 1-18. (canceled) 19. A computer-implemented method of generating consumer analytics for products placed in online shopping carts, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor of a computing system, an indication of a product placed in an online shopping cart, the product placed in the online shopping cart via a user device of a purchaser, the online shopping cart associated with a first online merchant, and the computing system being connected to each of the online shopping cart and the user device via an electronic network; storing a first time value indicating when the product was placed in the online shopping cart; determining a tracking identifier associated with the user device; receiving an indication of a purchase transaction from a point-of-sale (POS) system, the purchase transaction reflecting a purchase of a matching product by the purchaser, the POS system connected to the electronic network and associated with a brick-and-mortar affiliate of the first online merchant; storing a second time value based on the received indication of the purchase transaction; determining and storing a time difference between the first time value and the second time value; appending the determined time difference and the tracking identifier to a purchase transaction record; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
comparing, by the processor of the computing system, the time difference against a predetermined period of time; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and delayed conversion of the product placed in the online shopping cart based on the comparison between the time difference and the predetermined period of time; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising: wherein the tracking identifier associated with the user device is one of a primary account number (PAN), device identification (ID), and an email address. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the matching product corresponds to the product placed in the online shopping cart by a matching characteristic, the matching characteristic being one of a model number, manufacturer part number, stock keeping unit (SKU), and international standard book number (ISBN). 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving, by the processor of the computing system, an indication that the purchaser completed a purchase transaction of the matching product at a second merchant's forum; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and a lost sale associated with the first online merchant; and sending the purchase transaction record to the receiving entity. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the second merchant's forum is one of an online store and a brick-and-mortar store. 25. A system for generating consumer analytics for products placed in online shopping carts, the system comprising:
a data storage device storing instructions for generating consumer analytics for products placed in online shopping carts; and a processor of a computing system configured to execute the instructions to perform a method including the steps of: receiving, by a processor of a computing system, an indication of a product placed in an online shopping cart, the product placed in the online shopping cart via a user device of a purchaser, the online shopping cart associated with a first online merchant, and the computing system being connected to each of the online shopping cart and the user device via an electronic network; storing a first time value indicating when the product was placed in the online shopping cart; determining a tracking identifier associated with the user device; receiving an indication of a purchase transaction from a point-of-sale (POS) system, the purchase transaction reflecting a purchase of a matching product by the purchaser, the POS system connected to the electronic network and associated with a brick-and-mortar affiliate of the first online merchant; storing a second time value based on the received indication of the purchase transaction; determining and storing a time difference between the first time value and the second time value; appending the determined time difference and the tracking identifier to a purchase transaction record; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the tracking identifier associated with the user device is one of a primary account number (PAN), device identification (ID), and an email address. 27. The system of claim 25, further comprising:
comparing, by the processor of the computing system, the time difference against a predetermined period of time; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and delayed conversion of the product placed in the online shopping cart based on the comparison between the time difference and the predetermined period of time; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 28. The system of claim 25, wherein the matching product corresponds to the product placed in the online shopping cart by a matching characteristic, the matching characteristic being one of a model number, manufacturer part number, stock keeping unit (SKU), and international standard book number (ISBN). 29. The system of claim 27, further comprising:
receiving, by the processor of the computing system, an indication that the purchaser completed a purchase transaction of the matching product at a second merchant's forum; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and a lost sale associated with the first online merchant; and sending the purchase transaction record to the receiving entity. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the second merchant's forum is one of an online store and a brick-and-mortar store. 31. A non-transitory computer readable medium for use on at least one computer system containing computer-executable programming instructions for generating consumer analytics for products placed in online shopping carts, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor of a computing system, an indication of a product placed in an online shopping cart, the product placed in the online shopping cart via a user device of a purchaser, the online shopping cart associated with a first online merchant, and the computing system being connected to each of the online shopping cart and the user device via an electronic network; storing a first time value indicating when the product was placed in the online shopping cart; determining a tracking identifier associated with the user device; receiving an indication of a purchase transaction from a point-of-sale (POS) system, the purchase transaction reflecting a purchase of a matching product by the purchaser, the POS system connected to the electronic network and associated with a brick-and-mortar affiliate of the first online merchant; storing a second time value based on the received indication of the purchase transaction; determining and storing a time difference between the first time value and the second time value; appending the determined time difference and the tracking identifier to a purchase transaction record; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 32. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the tracking identifier associated with the user device is one of a primary account number (PAN), device identification (ID), and an email address. 33. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, further comprising:
comparing, by the processor of the computing system, the time difference against a predetermined period of time; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and delayed conversion of the product placed in the online shopping cart based on the comparison between the time difference and the predetermined period of time; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 34. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the matching product corresponds to the product placed in the online shopping cart by a matching characteristic, the matching characteristic being one of a model number, manufacturer part number, stock keeping unit (SKU), and international standard book number (ISBN). 35. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, further comprising:
receiving, by the processor of the computing system, an indication that the purchaser completed a purchase transaction of the matching product at a second merchant's forum; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and a lost sale associated with the first online merchant; and sending the purchase transaction record to the receiving entity. 36. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 35, wherein the second merchant's forum is one of an online store and a brick-and-mortar store. | Systems and methods are disclosed for generating consumer analytics for products placed in online shopping carts. A profiler computing system generates a unique tacking profile for associating purchase events by a purchaser. Payment vehicle data and a tracking element are associated with the identified purchaser profile. The purchaser profile may be generated based on purchase information associated with an initial purchase event by the purchaser. The profiler computing system determines whether products abandoned in online shopping carts are purchased at brick-and-mortar affiliates or other merchant forums. Other embodiments are described and claimed.1-18. (canceled) 19. A computer-implemented method of generating consumer analytics for products placed in online shopping carts, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor of a computing system, an indication of a product placed in an online shopping cart, the product placed in the online shopping cart via a user device of a purchaser, the online shopping cart associated with a first online merchant, and the computing system being connected to each of the online shopping cart and the user device via an electronic network; storing a first time value indicating when the product was placed in the online shopping cart; determining a tracking identifier associated with the user device; receiving an indication of a purchase transaction from a point-of-sale (POS) system, the purchase transaction reflecting a purchase of a matching product by the purchaser, the POS system connected to the electronic network and associated with a brick-and-mortar affiliate of the first online merchant; storing a second time value based on the received indication of the purchase transaction; determining and storing a time difference between the first time value and the second time value; appending the determined time difference and the tracking identifier to a purchase transaction record; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
comparing, by the processor of the computing system, the time difference against a predetermined period of time; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and delayed conversion of the product placed in the online shopping cart based on the comparison between the time difference and the predetermined period of time; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising: wherein the tracking identifier associated with the user device is one of a primary account number (PAN), device identification (ID), and an email address. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the matching product corresponds to the product placed in the online shopping cart by a matching characteristic, the matching characteristic being one of a model number, manufacturer part number, stock keeping unit (SKU), and international standard book number (ISBN). 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
receiving, by the processor of the computing system, an indication that the purchaser completed a purchase transaction of the matching product at a second merchant's forum; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and a lost sale associated with the first online merchant; and sending the purchase transaction record to the receiving entity. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the second merchant's forum is one of an online store and a brick-and-mortar store. 25. A system for generating consumer analytics for products placed in online shopping carts, the system comprising:
a data storage device storing instructions for generating consumer analytics for products placed in online shopping carts; and a processor of a computing system configured to execute the instructions to perform a method including the steps of: receiving, by a processor of a computing system, an indication of a product placed in an online shopping cart, the product placed in the online shopping cart via a user device of a purchaser, the online shopping cart associated with a first online merchant, and the computing system being connected to each of the online shopping cart and the user device via an electronic network; storing a first time value indicating when the product was placed in the online shopping cart; determining a tracking identifier associated with the user device; receiving an indication of a purchase transaction from a point-of-sale (POS) system, the purchase transaction reflecting a purchase of a matching product by the purchaser, the POS system connected to the electronic network and associated with a brick-and-mortar affiliate of the first online merchant; storing a second time value based on the received indication of the purchase transaction; determining and storing a time difference between the first time value and the second time value; appending the determined time difference and the tracking identifier to a purchase transaction record; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the tracking identifier associated with the user device is one of a primary account number (PAN), device identification (ID), and an email address. 27. The system of claim 25, further comprising:
comparing, by the processor of the computing system, the time difference against a predetermined period of time; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and delayed conversion of the product placed in the online shopping cart based on the comparison between the time difference and the predetermined period of time; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 28. The system of claim 25, wherein the matching product corresponds to the product placed in the online shopping cart by a matching characteristic, the matching characteristic being one of a model number, manufacturer part number, stock keeping unit (SKU), and international standard book number (ISBN). 29. The system of claim 27, further comprising:
receiving, by the processor of the computing system, an indication that the purchaser completed a purchase transaction of the matching product at a second merchant's forum; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and a lost sale associated with the first online merchant; and sending the purchase transaction record to the receiving entity. 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the second merchant's forum is one of an online store and a brick-and-mortar store. 31. A non-transitory computer readable medium for use on at least one computer system containing computer-executable programming instructions for generating consumer analytics for products placed in online shopping carts, the method comprising:
receiving, by a processor of a computing system, an indication of a product placed in an online shopping cart, the product placed in the online shopping cart via a user device of a purchaser, the online shopping cart associated with a first online merchant, and the computing system being connected to each of the online shopping cart and the user device via an electronic network; storing a first time value indicating when the product was placed in the online shopping cart; determining a tracking identifier associated with the user device; receiving an indication of a purchase transaction from a point-of-sale (POS) system, the purchase transaction reflecting a purchase of a matching product by the purchaser, the POS system connected to the electronic network and associated with a brick-and-mortar affiliate of the first online merchant; storing a second time value based on the received indication of the purchase transaction; determining and storing a time difference between the first time value and the second time value; appending the determined time difference and the tracking identifier to a purchase transaction record; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 32. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the tracking identifier associated with the user device is one of a primary account number (PAN), device identification (ID), and an email address. 33. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, further comprising:
comparing, by the processor of the computing system, the time difference against a predetermined period of time; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and delayed conversion of the product placed in the online shopping cart based on the comparison between the time difference and the predetermined period of time; and sending the purchase transaction record to a receiving entity. 34. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 31, wherein the matching product corresponds to the product placed in the online shopping cart by a matching characteristic, the matching characteristic being one of a model number, manufacturer part number, stock keeping unit (SKU), and international standard book number (ISBN). 35. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 33, further comprising:
receiving, by the processor of the computing system, an indication that the purchaser completed a purchase transaction of the matching product at a second merchant's forum; appending to the purchase transaction record a status indicating one of an abandonment and a lost sale associated with the first online merchant; and sending the purchase transaction record to the receiving entity. 36. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 35, wherein the second merchant's forum is one of an online store and a brick-and-mortar store. | 1,600 |
346,580 | 16,805,046 | 1,619 | A wireless communication network implements a wireless network slice that has a slice configuration. A slice controller signals a Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Management and Orchestration (MANO) to implement a Network Service Descriptor (NSD) for the slice based on the slice configuration. The NFV MANO signals an NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) to execute Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) for the slice based on the NSD. The NFVI executes the VNFs, and the VNFs handle user data for wireless user devices that use the slice. The VNFs generate and transfer slice data responsive to handling the user data. The wireless user devices generate and transfer slice data responsive to using the slice. Wireless access points generate and transfer slice data responsive to serving the user devices. A distributed ledger receives the slice data, forms a consensus for the slice data, and stores the slice data in a distributed ledger format. | 1. A method of operating a wireless communication network to implement a wireless communication network slice that has a slice configuration, the method comprising:
a network slice controller signaling a Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Management and Orchestration (MANO) system to implement a Network Service Descriptor (NSD) for the wireless communication network slice based on the slice configuration; the NFV MANO system signaling an NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) to execute NFV Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) for the wireless communication network slice based on the NSD; the NFVI executing the NFV VNFs responsive to the NFV MANO signaling; the executing NFV VNFs handling user data for wireless user devices that use the wireless network slice, generating NFV slice data responsive to handling the user data, and transferring the NFV slice data for delivery to the distributed ledger; the distributed ledger receiving the NFV slice data from the executing VNFs for the wireless communication network slice, forming a consensus for the NFV slice data, and responsively storing the NFV slice data in a distributed ledger format; the distributed ledger receiving user slice data from the wireless user devices that use the wireless network slice, forming a consensus for the user slice data, and responsively storing the user slice data in the distributed ledger format; and the distributed ledger receiving access slice data from the wireless access points that serve the wireless user devices, forming a consensus for the access slice data, and responsively storing the access slice data in the distributed ledger format. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the distributed ledger processing the NFV slice data from the executing VNFs and responsively generating and transferring NFV slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 3. The method of claim 3 further comprising the network slice controller receiving the NFV slice information and modifying the slice configuration based on the NFV slice information. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the distributed ledger processing the user slice data from the wireless user devices and responsively generating user slice information and transferring the user slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the network slice controller receiving the user slice information and modifying the slice configuration based on the user slice information. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising the distributed ledger processing the access slice data from the wireless access points and responsively generating access slice information and transferring the access slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the network slice controller modifying the slice configuration based on the access slice information. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
the distributed ledger processing the NFV slice data from the executing VNFs and responsively generating and transferring NFV slice information for delivery to the network slice controller;
the distributed ledger processing the user slice data from the wireless user devices and responsively generating user slice information and transferring the user slice information for delivery to the network slice controller;
the distributed ledger processing the access slice data from the wireless access points and responsively generating access slice information and transferring the access slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
the network slice controller receiving the NFV slice information, the user slice information, and the access slice information; and
the network slice controller modifying the slice configuration based on the NFV slice information, the user slice information, and the access slice information. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the NFV slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the VNFs in the wireless communication network slice;
the user slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the wireless user devices that use the wireless communication network slice; and
the access slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the wireless access points that serve the wireless user devices. 11. A wireless communication network to implement a wireless communication network slice that has a slice configuration, the wireless communication network comprising:
a network slice controller configured to signal a Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Management and Orchestration (MANO) system to implement a Network Service Descriptor (NSD) for the wireless communication network slice based on the slice configuration; the NFV MANO system configured to signal an NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) to execute NFV Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) for the wireless communication network slice based on the NSD; the NFVI configured to execute the NFV VNFs responsive to the NFV MANO signaling; the NFV VNFs configured to handle user data for wireless user devices that use the wireless network slice, generate NFV slice data responsive to handling the user data, and transfer the NFV slice data for delivery to the distributed ledger; the distributed ledger configured to receive the NFV slice data from the VNFs for the wireless communication network slice, form a consensus for the NFV slice data, and responsively store the NFV slice data in a distributed ledger format; the distributed ledger configured to receive user slice data from the wireless user devices that use the wireless network slice, form a consensus for the user slice data, and responsively store the user slice data in the distributed ledger format; and the distributed ledger configured to receive access slice data from the wireless access points that serve the wireless user devices, form a consensus for the access slice data, and responsively store the access slice data in the distributed ledger format. 12. The wireless communication network of claim 11 further comprising the distributed ledger configured to process the NFV slice data from the VNFs and responsively generate and transfer NFV slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 13. The wireless communication network of claim 13 further comprising the network slice controller configured to receive the NFV slice information and modify the slice configuration based on the NFV slice information. 14. The wireless communication network of claim 11 further comprising the distributed ledger configured to process the user slice data from the wireless user devices and responsively generate user slice information and transfer the user slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 15. The wireless communication network of claim 14 further comprising the network slice controller configured to receive the user slice information and modify the slice configuration based on the user slice information. 16. The wireless communication network of claim 11 further comprising the distributed ledger configured to process the access slice data from the wireless access points and responsively generate access slice information and transfer the access slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 17. The wireless communication network of claim 16 further comprising the network slice controller configured to modify the slice configuration based on the access slice information. 18. The wireless communication network of claim 11 further comprising:
the distributed ledger configured to process the NFV slice data from the VNFs and responsively generate and transfer NFV slice information for delivery to the network slice controller;
the distributed ledger configured to process the user slice data from the wireless user devices and responsively generate and transfer user slice information for delivery to the network slice controller; and
the distributed ledger configured to process the access slice data from the wireless access points and responsively generate and transfer access slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 19. The wireless communication network of claim 18 further comprising:
the network slice controller configured to receive the NFV slice information, the user slice information, and the access slice information; and
the network slice controller configured to modify the slice configuration based on the NFV slice information, the user slice information, and the access slice information. 20. The wireless communication network of claim 11 wherein:
the NFV slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the VNFs in the wireless communication network slice;
the user slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the wireless user devices that use the wireless communication network slice; and
the access slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the wireless access points that serve the wireless user devices. | A wireless communication network implements a wireless network slice that has a slice configuration. A slice controller signals a Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Management and Orchestration (MANO) to implement a Network Service Descriptor (NSD) for the slice based on the slice configuration. The NFV MANO signals an NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) to execute Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) for the slice based on the NSD. The NFVI executes the VNFs, and the VNFs handle user data for wireless user devices that use the slice. The VNFs generate and transfer slice data responsive to handling the user data. The wireless user devices generate and transfer slice data responsive to using the slice. Wireless access points generate and transfer slice data responsive to serving the user devices. A distributed ledger receives the slice data, forms a consensus for the slice data, and stores the slice data in a distributed ledger format.1. A method of operating a wireless communication network to implement a wireless communication network slice that has a slice configuration, the method comprising:
a network slice controller signaling a Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Management and Orchestration (MANO) system to implement a Network Service Descriptor (NSD) for the wireless communication network slice based on the slice configuration; the NFV MANO system signaling an NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) to execute NFV Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) for the wireless communication network slice based on the NSD; the NFVI executing the NFV VNFs responsive to the NFV MANO signaling; the executing NFV VNFs handling user data for wireless user devices that use the wireless network slice, generating NFV slice data responsive to handling the user data, and transferring the NFV slice data for delivery to the distributed ledger; the distributed ledger receiving the NFV slice data from the executing VNFs for the wireless communication network slice, forming a consensus for the NFV slice data, and responsively storing the NFV slice data in a distributed ledger format; the distributed ledger receiving user slice data from the wireless user devices that use the wireless network slice, forming a consensus for the user slice data, and responsively storing the user slice data in the distributed ledger format; and the distributed ledger receiving access slice data from the wireless access points that serve the wireless user devices, forming a consensus for the access slice data, and responsively storing the access slice data in the distributed ledger format. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the distributed ledger processing the NFV slice data from the executing VNFs and responsively generating and transferring NFV slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 3. The method of claim 3 further comprising the network slice controller receiving the NFV slice information and modifying the slice configuration based on the NFV slice information. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the distributed ledger processing the user slice data from the wireless user devices and responsively generating user slice information and transferring the user slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the network slice controller receiving the user slice information and modifying the slice configuration based on the user slice information. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising the distributed ledger processing the access slice data from the wireless access points and responsively generating access slice information and transferring the access slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the network slice controller modifying the slice configuration based on the access slice information. 8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
the distributed ledger processing the NFV slice data from the executing VNFs and responsively generating and transferring NFV slice information for delivery to the network slice controller;
the distributed ledger processing the user slice data from the wireless user devices and responsively generating user slice information and transferring the user slice information for delivery to the network slice controller;
the distributed ledger processing the access slice data from the wireless access points and responsively generating access slice information and transferring the access slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 9. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
the network slice controller receiving the NFV slice information, the user slice information, and the access slice information; and
the network slice controller modifying the slice configuration based on the NFV slice information, the user slice information, and the access slice information. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the NFV slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the VNFs in the wireless communication network slice;
the user slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the wireless user devices that use the wireless communication network slice; and
the access slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the wireless access points that serve the wireless user devices. 11. A wireless communication network to implement a wireless communication network slice that has a slice configuration, the wireless communication network comprising:
a network slice controller configured to signal a Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Management and Orchestration (MANO) system to implement a Network Service Descriptor (NSD) for the wireless communication network slice based on the slice configuration; the NFV MANO system configured to signal an NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) to execute NFV Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) for the wireless communication network slice based on the NSD; the NFVI configured to execute the NFV VNFs responsive to the NFV MANO signaling; the NFV VNFs configured to handle user data for wireless user devices that use the wireless network slice, generate NFV slice data responsive to handling the user data, and transfer the NFV slice data for delivery to the distributed ledger; the distributed ledger configured to receive the NFV slice data from the VNFs for the wireless communication network slice, form a consensus for the NFV slice data, and responsively store the NFV slice data in a distributed ledger format; the distributed ledger configured to receive user slice data from the wireless user devices that use the wireless network slice, form a consensus for the user slice data, and responsively store the user slice data in the distributed ledger format; and the distributed ledger configured to receive access slice data from the wireless access points that serve the wireless user devices, form a consensus for the access slice data, and responsively store the access slice data in the distributed ledger format. 12. The wireless communication network of claim 11 further comprising the distributed ledger configured to process the NFV slice data from the VNFs and responsively generate and transfer NFV slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 13. The wireless communication network of claim 13 further comprising the network slice controller configured to receive the NFV slice information and modify the slice configuration based on the NFV slice information. 14. The wireless communication network of claim 11 further comprising the distributed ledger configured to process the user slice data from the wireless user devices and responsively generate user slice information and transfer the user slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 15. The wireless communication network of claim 14 further comprising the network slice controller configured to receive the user slice information and modify the slice configuration based on the user slice information. 16. The wireless communication network of claim 11 further comprising the distributed ledger configured to process the access slice data from the wireless access points and responsively generate access slice information and transfer the access slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 17. The wireless communication network of claim 16 further comprising the network slice controller configured to modify the slice configuration based on the access slice information. 18. The wireless communication network of claim 11 further comprising:
the distributed ledger configured to process the NFV slice data from the VNFs and responsively generate and transfer NFV slice information for delivery to the network slice controller;
the distributed ledger configured to process the user slice data from the wireless user devices and responsively generate and transfer user slice information for delivery to the network slice controller; and
the distributed ledger configured to process the access slice data from the wireless access points and responsively generate and transfer access slice information for delivery to the network slice controller. 19. The wireless communication network of claim 18 further comprising:
the network slice controller configured to receive the NFV slice information, the user slice information, and the access slice information; and
the network slice controller configured to modify the slice configuration based on the NFV slice information, the user slice information, and the access slice information. 20. The wireless communication network of claim 11 wherein:
the NFV slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the VNFs in the wireless communication network slice;
the user slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the wireless user devices that use the wireless communication network slice; and
the access slice data stored in the distributed ledger indicates the wireless access points that serve the wireless user devices. | 1,600 |
346,581 | 16,805,049 | 1,619 | Methods, systems, and devices for modifying memory bank operating parameters are described. Operating parameter(s) may be individually adjusted for memory banks or memory bank groups within a memory system based on trimming information. The local trimming information for a memory bank or memory bank group may be stored in a fuse set that also stores repair information for the particular memory bank or in a fuse set that also stores repair information for a memory bank in the particular memory bank group. The local trimming information may be applied to operating parameters for particular memory banks or memory bank groups relative to or instead of global adjustments applied to operating parameters of multiple or all of the memory banks in the memory system. | 1. (canceled) 2. A method, comprising:
storing first information in a first fuse set comprising a first plurality of fuses, wherein a first quantity of the first plurality of fuses is greater than or equal to a first quantity of bits for conveying the first information; identifying a second fuse set comprising a second plurality of fuses, wherein a second quantity of the second plurality of fuses is the same as the first quantity of the first plurality of fuses; selecting, based at least in part on the identifying, a first subset of the second plurality of fuses for conveying second information and a second subset of the second plurality of fuses for conveying third information related to adjusting an operating parameter of a memory bank in a memory system; and storing, based at least in part on the selecting, the second information in the first subset of the second plurality of fuses and the third information in the second subset of the second plurality of fuses. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
mapping the first subset of the second plurality of fuses to a first set of latches for the memory bank and the second subset of the second plurality of fuses to a second set of latches for the memory bank, wherein the selecting is based at least in part on the mapping; broadcasting the second information and the third information throughout the memory system based at least in part on the mapping; and latching the second information at the first set of latches and the third information at the second set of latches based at least in part on the broadcasting. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
broadcasting the first information throughout the memory system during a first time period; and concurrently broadcasting the second information and the third information throughout the memory system during a second time period. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
adjusting the operating parameter for the memory bank based at least in part on the third information. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information is less than the first quantity of bits, the method further comprising:
determining that the second quantity of the second plurality of fuses is greater than the second quantity of bits, wherein selecting the second subset of the second plurality of fuses to the third information is based on the determining. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining that the first quantity of bits is greater than a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information; selecting the first quantity of the first plurality of fuses and the second quantity of the second plurality of fuses to be equal to the first quantity of bits based at least in part on the determining; and configuring a communications bus to support the first quantity of bits based at least in part on the determining. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the first information comprises a first memory address of a first defective memory element, the second information comprises a second memory address of a second defective memory element, and the third information comprises a trimming code for the memory bank, wherein a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information is less than the first quantity of bits, and wherein a third quantity of bits for conveying the third information is less than the second quantity of bits. 9. A memory system, comprising:
a memory array; and a controller coupled with the memory array and operable to cause the memory system to:
store first information in a first fuse set in the memory system, the first fuse set comprising a first plurality of fuses, wherein a first quantity of the first plurality of fuses is greater than or equal to a first quantity of bits for conveying the first information;
identify a second fuse set in the memory system, the second fuse set comprising a second plurality of fuses, wherein a second quantity of the second plurality of fuses is the same as the first quantity of the first plurality of fuses;
select, based at least in part on the identifying, a first subset of the second plurality of fuses for conveying second information and a second subset of the second plurality of fuses for conveying third information related to adjusting an operating parameter of a memory bank in the memory system; and
store, based at least in part on the selecting, the second information in the first subset of the second plurality of fuses and the third information in the second subset of the second plurality of fuses. 10. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further operable to cause the memory system to:
map the first subset of the second plurality of fuses to a first set of latches for the memory bank and the second subset of the second plurality of fuses to a second set of latches for the memory bank, wherein the selecting is based at least in part on the mapping; broadcast the second information and the third information throughout the memory system based at least in part on the mapping; and latch the second information at the first set of latches and the third information at the second set of latches based at least in part on the broadcasting. 11. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further operable to cause the memory system to:
broadcasting the first information throughout the memory system during a first time period; and concurrently broadcasting the second information and the third information throughout the memory system during a second time period. 12. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further operable to cause the memory system to:
adjust the operating parameter for the memory bank based at least in part on the third information. 13. The memory system of claim 9, wherein a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information is less than the first quantity of bits, wherein the controller is further operable to cause the memory system to:
determine that the second quantity of the second plurality of fuses is greater than the second quantity of bits, wherein selecting the second subset of the second plurality of fuses to the third information is based on the determining. 14. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further operable to cause the memory system to:
determine that the first quantity of bits is greater than a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information; select the first quantity of the first plurality of fuses and the second quantity of the second plurality of fuses to be equal to the first quantity of bits based at least in part on the determining; and configure a communications bus to support the first quantity of bits based at least in part on the determining. 15. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the first information comprises a first memory address of a first defective memory element, the second information comprises a second memory address of a second defective memory element, and the third information comprises a trimming code for the memory bank, wherein a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information is less than the first quantity of bits, and wherein a third quantity of bits for conveying the third information is less than the second quantity of bits. 16. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory bank; a plurality of latches coupled with the memory bank; a first fuse set comprising a first plurality of fuses, wherein the first plurality of fuses comprises a first quantity of fuses and stores at least one address identifying a defective memory element of the memory bank; a second fuse set comprising a second plurality of fuses, wherein a second quantity of the second plurality of fuses is the same as the first quantity of fuses and wherein a first subset of the second plurality of fuses stores local trimming information for the memory bank; and a fuse logic component coupled with the first fuse set, the second fuse set, and the plurality of latches, the fuse logic component operable to access and transmit the at least one address and the local trimming information to the plurality of latches. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first subset of the second plurality of fuses is mapped to a first set of latches of the plurality of latches, and the first set of latches is configured to receive and store the local trimming information. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a second subset of the second plurality of fuses stores repair information for the memory bank, and the fuse logic component is configured to access and transmit the repair information to the plurality of latches. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the second subset of the second plurality of fuses is mapped to a second set of latches of the plurality of latches, and the second set of latches is configured to receive and store the repair information. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the fuse logic component is operable to transmit the local trimming information and the repair information to the plurality of latches by broadcasting the local trimming information with the repair information. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:
a controller coupled with the memory bank and with the fuse logic component, wherein the controller is operable to cause the apparatus to adjust an operating parameter of the memory bank based at least in part on the local trimming information. | Methods, systems, and devices for modifying memory bank operating parameters are described. Operating parameter(s) may be individually adjusted for memory banks or memory bank groups within a memory system based on trimming information. The local trimming information for a memory bank or memory bank group may be stored in a fuse set that also stores repair information for the particular memory bank or in a fuse set that also stores repair information for a memory bank in the particular memory bank group. The local trimming information may be applied to operating parameters for particular memory banks or memory bank groups relative to or instead of global adjustments applied to operating parameters of multiple or all of the memory banks in the memory system.1. (canceled) 2. A method, comprising:
storing first information in a first fuse set comprising a first plurality of fuses, wherein a first quantity of the first plurality of fuses is greater than or equal to a first quantity of bits for conveying the first information; identifying a second fuse set comprising a second plurality of fuses, wherein a second quantity of the second plurality of fuses is the same as the first quantity of the first plurality of fuses; selecting, based at least in part on the identifying, a first subset of the second plurality of fuses for conveying second information and a second subset of the second plurality of fuses for conveying third information related to adjusting an operating parameter of a memory bank in a memory system; and storing, based at least in part on the selecting, the second information in the first subset of the second plurality of fuses and the third information in the second subset of the second plurality of fuses. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
mapping the first subset of the second plurality of fuses to a first set of latches for the memory bank and the second subset of the second plurality of fuses to a second set of latches for the memory bank, wherein the selecting is based at least in part on the mapping; broadcasting the second information and the third information throughout the memory system based at least in part on the mapping; and latching the second information at the first set of latches and the third information at the second set of latches based at least in part on the broadcasting. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
broadcasting the first information throughout the memory system during a first time period; and concurrently broadcasting the second information and the third information throughout the memory system during a second time period. 5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
adjusting the operating parameter for the memory bank based at least in part on the third information. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information is less than the first quantity of bits, the method further comprising:
determining that the second quantity of the second plurality of fuses is greater than the second quantity of bits, wherein selecting the second subset of the second plurality of fuses to the third information is based on the determining. 7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining that the first quantity of bits is greater than a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information; selecting the first quantity of the first plurality of fuses and the second quantity of the second plurality of fuses to be equal to the first quantity of bits based at least in part on the determining; and configuring a communications bus to support the first quantity of bits based at least in part on the determining. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the first information comprises a first memory address of a first defective memory element, the second information comprises a second memory address of a second defective memory element, and the third information comprises a trimming code for the memory bank, wherein a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information is less than the first quantity of bits, and wherein a third quantity of bits for conveying the third information is less than the second quantity of bits. 9. A memory system, comprising:
a memory array; and a controller coupled with the memory array and operable to cause the memory system to:
store first information in a first fuse set in the memory system, the first fuse set comprising a first plurality of fuses, wherein a first quantity of the first plurality of fuses is greater than or equal to a first quantity of bits for conveying the first information;
identify a second fuse set in the memory system, the second fuse set comprising a second plurality of fuses, wherein a second quantity of the second plurality of fuses is the same as the first quantity of the first plurality of fuses;
select, based at least in part on the identifying, a first subset of the second plurality of fuses for conveying second information and a second subset of the second plurality of fuses for conveying third information related to adjusting an operating parameter of a memory bank in the memory system; and
store, based at least in part on the selecting, the second information in the first subset of the second plurality of fuses and the third information in the second subset of the second plurality of fuses. 10. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further operable to cause the memory system to:
map the first subset of the second plurality of fuses to a first set of latches for the memory bank and the second subset of the second plurality of fuses to a second set of latches for the memory bank, wherein the selecting is based at least in part on the mapping; broadcast the second information and the third information throughout the memory system based at least in part on the mapping; and latch the second information at the first set of latches and the third information at the second set of latches based at least in part on the broadcasting. 11. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further operable to cause the memory system to:
broadcasting the first information throughout the memory system during a first time period; and concurrently broadcasting the second information and the third information throughout the memory system during a second time period. 12. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further operable to cause the memory system to:
adjust the operating parameter for the memory bank based at least in part on the third information. 13. The memory system of claim 9, wherein a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information is less than the first quantity of bits, wherein the controller is further operable to cause the memory system to:
determine that the second quantity of the second plurality of fuses is greater than the second quantity of bits, wherein selecting the second subset of the second plurality of fuses to the third information is based on the determining. 14. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further operable to cause the memory system to:
determine that the first quantity of bits is greater than a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information; select the first quantity of the first plurality of fuses and the second quantity of the second plurality of fuses to be equal to the first quantity of bits based at least in part on the determining; and configure a communications bus to support the first quantity of bits based at least in part on the determining. 15. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the first information comprises a first memory address of a first defective memory element, the second information comprises a second memory address of a second defective memory element, and the third information comprises a trimming code for the memory bank, wherein a second quantity of bits for conveying the second information is less than the first quantity of bits, and wherein a third quantity of bits for conveying the third information is less than the second quantity of bits. 16. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory bank; a plurality of latches coupled with the memory bank; a first fuse set comprising a first plurality of fuses, wherein the first plurality of fuses comprises a first quantity of fuses and stores at least one address identifying a defective memory element of the memory bank; a second fuse set comprising a second plurality of fuses, wherein a second quantity of the second plurality of fuses is the same as the first quantity of fuses and wherein a first subset of the second plurality of fuses stores local trimming information for the memory bank; and a fuse logic component coupled with the first fuse set, the second fuse set, and the plurality of latches, the fuse logic component operable to access and transmit the at least one address and the local trimming information to the plurality of latches. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first subset of the second plurality of fuses is mapped to a first set of latches of the plurality of latches, and the first set of latches is configured to receive and store the local trimming information. 18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein a second subset of the second plurality of fuses stores repair information for the memory bank, and the fuse logic component is configured to access and transmit the repair information to the plurality of latches. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the second subset of the second plurality of fuses is mapped to a second set of latches of the plurality of latches, and the second set of latches is configured to receive and store the repair information. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the fuse logic component is operable to transmit the local trimming information and the repair information to the plurality of latches by broadcasting the local trimming information with the repair information. 21. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising:
a controller coupled with the memory bank and with the fuse logic component, wherein the controller is operable to cause the apparatus to adjust an operating parameter of the memory bank based at least in part on the local trimming information. | 1,600 |
346,582 | 16,805,055 | 1,619 | A tunable solid state laser device are described comprising a semiconductor based gain chip and a silicon photonic filter chip with tuning capability. The silicon photonic filter chip can comprises an input-output silicon waveguide, at least two ring resonators formed with silicon waveguides, one or more connecting silicon waveguides interfacing with the ring resonators, a separate heater associated with each ring resonator, a temperature sensor configured to measure the chip temperature, and a controller connected to the temperature sensor and the separate heaters and programmed with a feedback loop to maintain the filter temperature to provide the tuned frequency. The one or more connecting silicon waveguides are configured to redirect light resonant with each of the at least two ring resonators back through the input-output silicon waveguide. Corresponding methods are described for the control of the laser frequency. Improved structures of the SiPho multiple filter chip involve a Zagnac interferometer. | 1. A tunable solid state laser device comprising:
a semiconductor based gain chip; and a silicon photonic filter chip with tuning capability, wherein silicon photonic filter chip comprises an input-output silicon waveguide, at least two ring resonators formed with silicon waveguides, one or more connecting silicon waveguides interfacing with the ring resonators, a separate heater associated with each ring resonator, a temperature sensor configured to measure the chip temperature, and a controller connected to the temperature sensor and the separate heaters and programmed with a feedback loop to maintain the filter temperature to provide the tuned frequency, wherein the one or more connecting silicon waveguides are configured to redirect light resonant with each of the at least two ring resonators back through the input-output silicon waveguide, wherein the input-output silicon waveguide of the silicon photonic filter chip is coupled to the semiconductor based gain chip with a spot size convertor to provide for mode size matching to reduce loss due to the interface. 2. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 wherein the silicon photonic filter chip further comprises a separate resistance temperature sensor associated with each ring resonator, wherein the controller is connected to receive a signal from the separate ring temperature sensors to account for the measurement in the feedback loop. 3. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 wherein the silicon photonic filter chip comprises an optical splitter-combiner optically connected to the input-output silicon waveguide and wherein the one or more connecting silicon waveguides comprise two branch waveguides disposed with the loop of a Sagnac interferometer each connected to a split side of the optical splitter-combiner and wherein the ring resonators close the loop of the interferometer to form a multi-filtered Sagnac interferometer. 4. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 3 wherein the at least two ring resonators are two ring resonators, wherein the one or more connecting silicon waveguides further comprise a generally U-shaped silicon waveguide configured to connect optically the two ring resonators to each other and wherein each ring resonator is respectively coupled to a branch of the splitter-combiner to form a configuration wherein light traveling from the splitter-coupler couples into a first ring resonator, along the generally U-shaped silicon waveguide and then along the other ring resonator and coupled into the other branch from the splitter-combiner toward the splitter-coupler, if the light is appropriately in resonance with both resonance rings. 5. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 3 wherein the at least two ring resonators are three ring resonators, wherein each two ring resonators is respectively coupled to a branch of the splitter-combiner, and wherein a third ring resonator is positioned between an optically connected to the other two ring resonators to form a configuration wherein light traveling from the splitter-coupler couples into a first ring resonator from a branch, along the third ring resonator and then along the other resonance ring and coupled into the other branch to complete the loop of the Sagnac interferometer with light directed toward the splitter-coupler, if the light is appropriately in resonance with all three ring resonators. 6. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 wherein a trench in the cladding thermally isolates at least part of the heater at least two ring resonators. 7. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 wherein the gain chip comprises a p-n diode comprising III-V semiconductor layers. 8. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 wherein the controller is programmed to perform proportional-integral-derivative closed loop control of the ring resonator temperatures. 9. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 further comprising a semiconductor optical amplifier configured to receive the output of the gain chip and further output an amplified optical signal. 10. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 further comprising a semiconductor optical amplifier configured to receive the output of the gain chip and further output an amplified optical signal and a thermoelectric cooler configured to cool components, wherein the silicon photonic filter chip comprises an optical splitter-combiner optically connected to the input-output silicon waveguide and wherein the one or more connecting silicon waveguides comprise two branches of a Sagnac interferometer each connected to a split side of the optical splitter-combiner and wherein the ring resonators close the loop of the interferometer to form a multi-filtered Sagnac interferometer. 11. A method to stabilize output of a tunable external cavity laser, wherein the tunable external cavity laser comprises a semiconductor based gain chip and a silicon photonic filter chip that are coupled to each other with a spot size converter to form the laser cavity, wherein the silicon photonic filter chip comprises a resistance temperature sensor configured to measure chip temperature away from any heating elements and a plurality of ring resonators with separate integrated resistance heaters, the method comprising:
using a control loop driven with a controller configured to obtain readings from the resistance temperature sensor and to adjust power to resistance heaters to maintain laser frequency within tolerances. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the control loop performs a proportional-integral-derivative adjustment of the resistance heaters. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the tunable external cavity laser further comprises a controller comprising a digital processor. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the tolerance of the laser frequency is ±0.5 Ghz. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein silicon photonic filter chip comprises an input waveguide, two branch waveguides, a splitter-coupler connected to the input waveguide and the two branch waveguides, and at least two ring resonators bridging between the two branched waveguides and wherein the ring resonators close a loop of an interferometer to form a multi-filtered Sagnac interferometer. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the tunable external cavity laser further comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier configured to receive output from the gain chip and to output amplified light. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the tunable external cavity laser has an power output of at least about 120 mW and an intrinsic linewidth of no more than about 60 kHz. 18. An optical chip comprising:
an input waveguide; a Sagnac interferometer optically connected to the input waveguide, comprising:
a splitter/coupler connected to the input waveguide;
two waveguide branches connected to the splitter-coupler and that each terminate at an end;
two ring resonators each coupled to a separate waveguide branch and to each other through an intervening curved waveguide to invert the direction of optical rotation in the respective ring resonators, wherein the intervening curved waveguide may or may not comprise a further ring resonator; and
a resistance heater associated with each ring resonator, wherein light into the input waveguide is split into a particular waveguide branch and is then coupled through one ring resonator, along the intervening curved waveguide and through the other ring resonator into the opposite waveguide branch back toward the splitter-coupler if the light is in resonance with the two ring resonators and any intervening ring resonators. 19. The optical chip of claim 18 wherein the waveguides comprise elemental silicon and silica cladding. 20. The optical chip of claim 19 wherein the intervening curved waveguide is U-shaped with opposite straight edges of the shape interfaced with respective ring resonators. 21. The optical chip of claim 20 further comprising a temperature sensor positioned to measure chip temperature without significant measurement of thermal gradients from the resistance heaters. 22. The optical chip of claim 21 further comprising temperature sensors associated with each ring resonator. 23. The optical chip of claim 22 further comprising a trench providing at least partial thermal isolation of a heated portion of the ring resonator waveguide and cladding. | A tunable solid state laser device are described comprising a semiconductor based gain chip and a silicon photonic filter chip with tuning capability. The silicon photonic filter chip can comprises an input-output silicon waveguide, at least two ring resonators formed with silicon waveguides, one or more connecting silicon waveguides interfacing with the ring resonators, a separate heater associated with each ring resonator, a temperature sensor configured to measure the chip temperature, and a controller connected to the temperature sensor and the separate heaters and programmed with a feedback loop to maintain the filter temperature to provide the tuned frequency. The one or more connecting silicon waveguides are configured to redirect light resonant with each of the at least two ring resonators back through the input-output silicon waveguide. Corresponding methods are described for the control of the laser frequency. Improved structures of the SiPho multiple filter chip involve a Zagnac interferometer.1. A tunable solid state laser device comprising:
a semiconductor based gain chip; and a silicon photonic filter chip with tuning capability, wherein silicon photonic filter chip comprises an input-output silicon waveguide, at least two ring resonators formed with silicon waveguides, one or more connecting silicon waveguides interfacing with the ring resonators, a separate heater associated with each ring resonator, a temperature sensor configured to measure the chip temperature, and a controller connected to the temperature sensor and the separate heaters and programmed with a feedback loop to maintain the filter temperature to provide the tuned frequency, wherein the one or more connecting silicon waveguides are configured to redirect light resonant with each of the at least two ring resonators back through the input-output silicon waveguide, wherein the input-output silicon waveguide of the silicon photonic filter chip is coupled to the semiconductor based gain chip with a spot size convertor to provide for mode size matching to reduce loss due to the interface. 2. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 wherein the silicon photonic filter chip further comprises a separate resistance temperature sensor associated with each ring resonator, wherein the controller is connected to receive a signal from the separate ring temperature sensors to account for the measurement in the feedback loop. 3. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 wherein the silicon photonic filter chip comprises an optical splitter-combiner optically connected to the input-output silicon waveguide and wherein the one or more connecting silicon waveguides comprise two branch waveguides disposed with the loop of a Sagnac interferometer each connected to a split side of the optical splitter-combiner and wherein the ring resonators close the loop of the interferometer to form a multi-filtered Sagnac interferometer. 4. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 3 wherein the at least two ring resonators are two ring resonators, wherein the one or more connecting silicon waveguides further comprise a generally U-shaped silicon waveguide configured to connect optically the two ring resonators to each other and wherein each ring resonator is respectively coupled to a branch of the splitter-combiner to form a configuration wherein light traveling from the splitter-coupler couples into a first ring resonator, along the generally U-shaped silicon waveguide and then along the other ring resonator and coupled into the other branch from the splitter-combiner toward the splitter-coupler, if the light is appropriately in resonance with both resonance rings. 5. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 3 wherein the at least two ring resonators are three ring resonators, wherein each two ring resonators is respectively coupled to a branch of the splitter-combiner, and wherein a third ring resonator is positioned between an optically connected to the other two ring resonators to form a configuration wherein light traveling from the splitter-coupler couples into a first ring resonator from a branch, along the third ring resonator and then along the other resonance ring and coupled into the other branch to complete the loop of the Sagnac interferometer with light directed toward the splitter-coupler, if the light is appropriately in resonance with all three ring resonators. 6. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 wherein a trench in the cladding thermally isolates at least part of the heater at least two ring resonators. 7. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 wherein the gain chip comprises a p-n diode comprising III-V semiconductor layers. 8. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 wherein the controller is programmed to perform proportional-integral-derivative closed loop control of the ring resonator temperatures. 9. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 further comprising a semiconductor optical amplifier configured to receive the output of the gain chip and further output an amplified optical signal. 10. The tunable solid state laser device of claim 1 further comprising a semiconductor optical amplifier configured to receive the output of the gain chip and further output an amplified optical signal and a thermoelectric cooler configured to cool components, wherein the silicon photonic filter chip comprises an optical splitter-combiner optically connected to the input-output silicon waveguide and wherein the one or more connecting silicon waveguides comprise two branches of a Sagnac interferometer each connected to a split side of the optical splitter-combiner and wherein the ring resonators close the loop of the interferometer to form a multi-filtered Sagnac interferometer. 11. A method to stabilize output of a tunable external cavity laser, wherein the tunable external cavity laser comprises a semiconductor based gain chip and a silicon photonic filter chip that are coupled to each other with a spot size converter to form the laser cavity, wherein the silicon photonic filter chip comprises a resistance temperature sensor configured to measure chip temperature away from any heating elements and a plurality of ring resonators with separate integrated resistance heaters, the method comprising:
using a control loop driven with a controller configured to obtain readings from the resistance temperature sensor and to adjust power to resistance heaters to maintain laser frequency within tolerances. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the control loop performs a proportional-integral-derivative adjustment of the resistance heaters. 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the tunable external cavity laser further comprises a controller comprising a digital processor. 14. The method of claim 11 wherein the tolerance of the laser frequency is ±0.5 Ghz. 15. The method of claim 11 wherein silicon photonic filter chip comprises an input waveguide, two branch waveguides, a splitter-coupler connected to the input waveguide and the two branch waveguides, and at least two ring resonators bridging between the two branched waveguides and wherein the ring resonators close a loop of an interferometer to form a multi-filtered Sagnac interferometer. 16. The method of claim 11 wherein the tunable external cavity laser further comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier configured to receive output from the gain chip and to output amplified light. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the tunable external cavity laser has an power output of at least about 120 mW and an intrinsic linewidth of no more than about 60 kHz. 18. An optical chip comprising:
an input waveguide; a Sagnac interferometer optically connected to the input waveguide, comprising:
a splitter/coupler connected to the input waveguide;
two waveguide branches connected to the splitter-coupler and that each terminate at an end;
two ring resonators each coupled to a separate waveguide branch and to each other through an intervening curved waveguide to invert the direction of optical rotation in the respective ring resonators, wherein the intervening curved waveguide may or may not comprise a further ring resonator; and
a resistance heater associated with each ring resonator, wherein light into the input waveguide is split into a particular waveguide branch and is then coupled through one ring resonator, along the intervening curved waveguide and through the other ring resonator into the opposite waveguide branch back toward the splitter-coupler if the light is in resonance with the two ring resonators and any intervening ring resonators. 19. The optical chip of claim 18 wherein the waveguides comprise elemental silicon and silica cladding. 20. The optical chip of claim 19 wherein the intervening curved waveguide is U-shaped with opposite straight edges of the shape interfaced with respective ring resonators. 21. The optical chip of claim 20 further comprising a temperature sensor positioned to measure chip temperature without significant measurement of thermal gradients from the resistance heaters. 22. The optical chip of claim 21 further comprising temperature sensors associated with each ring resonator. 23. The optical chip of claim 22 further comprising a trench providing at least partial thermal isolation of a heated portion of the ring resonator waveguide and cladding. | 1,600 |
346,583 | 16,805,047 | 1,619 | There is described a microwave device and methods of operating same. The device comprises at least one superconducting qubit coupled to a transmission line defining a first port, and a filter. The filter comprises a first resonant element having a first resonance frequency f1, positioned along the transmission line between the first port and the qubit, and a second resonant element having a second resonance frequency f2 different from f1 and positioned along the transmission line between the first resonant element and the qubit. | 1. A microwave device comprising:
a transmission line defining a first port; at least one superconducting qubit coupled to the transmission line; and a filter comprising:
a first resonant element having a first resonance frequency f1, the first resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the first port and the qubit; and
a second resonant element having a second resonance frequency f2 different from f1, the second resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the first resonant element and the qubit. 2. The microwave device of claim 1, further comprising a readout resonator coupling the qubit and the transmission line. 3. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the transmission line defines a second port, and the filter comprises:
a third resonant element having a third resonance frequency f3, the third resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the second port and the qubit; and a fourth resonant element having a fourth resonance frequency f4, the fourth resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the third resonant element and the qubit. 4. The microwave device of claim 3, wherein the third resonance frequency f3 is the same as the first resonance frequency f1 and the fourth resonance frequency f4 is the same as the second resonance frequency f2. 5. The microwave device of 3, wherein the third resonance frequency f3 is the same as the second resonance frequency f2 and the fourth resonance frequency f4 is the same as the first resonance frequency f1. 6. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the first resonant element and the second resonant element are open-circuited stubs. 7. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the first resonant element and the second resonant element are short-circuited stubs. 8. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the filter comprises any one of a DC-SQUID, a capacitor, and an inductor connected between the first or second resonant element and ground. 9. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the first resonant frequency f1 and the second resonant frequency f2 are between 4 GHz and 10 GHz. 10. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the qubit is a transmon qubit. 11. A method for operating a microwave device having at least one superconducting qubit, the method comprising:
coupling the at least one qubit to a transmission line defining at least one port; and filtering emissions of the at least one qubit to the transmission line using a filter comprising a first resonant element having a first resonance frequency f1, positioned along the transmission line between the first port and the qubit, and a second resonant element having a second resonance frequency f2 different from f1, positioned along the transmission line between the first resonant element and the qubit. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising at least one of injecting input microwave signals into the microwave device over the transmission line and reading output microwave signals from the transmission line. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the input microwave signals and output microwave signals have a frequency corresponding to a resonance frequency frr of a readout resonator coupling the qubit and the transmission line, and wherein the resonance frequency frr is different from a frequency of the qubit. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the transmission line defines a second port, and the filter comprises:
a third resonant element having a third resonance frequency f3, the third resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the second port and the qubit; and a fourth resonant element having a fourth resonance frequency f4, the fourth resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the third resonant element and the qubit. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the third resonance frequency f3 is the same as the first resonance frequency f1 and the fourth resonance frequency f4 is the same as the second resonance frequency f2. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the third resonance frequency f3 is the same as the second resonance frequency f2 and the fourth resonance frequency f4 is the same as the first resonance frequency f1. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first resonant element and the second resonant element are open-circuited stubs. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the first resonant element and the second resonant element are short-circuited stubs. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the filter comprises any one of a DC-SQUID, a capacitor, and an inductor connected between the first or second resonant element and ground. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the qubit is a transmon qubit. | There is described a microwave device and methods of operating same. The device comprises at least one superconducting qubit coupled to a transmission line defining a first port, and a filter. The filter comprises a first resonant element having a first resonance frequency f1, positioned along the transmission line between the first port and the qubit, and a second resonant element having a second resonance frequency f2 different from f1 and positioned along the transmission line between the first resonant element and the qubit.1. A microwave device comprising:
a transmission line defining a first port; at least one superconducting qubit coupled to the transmission line; and a filter comprising:
a first resonant element having a first resonance frequency f1, the first resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the first port and the qubit; and
a second resonant element having a second resonance frequency f2 different from f1, the second resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the first resonant element and the qubit. 2. The microwave device of claim 1, further comprising a readout resonator coupling the qubit and the transmission line. 3. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the transmission line defines a second port, and the filter comprises:
a third resonant element having a third resonance frequency f3, the third resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the second port and the qubit; and a fourth resonant element having a fourth resonance frequency f4, the fourth resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the third resonant element and the qubit. 4. The microwave device of claim 3, wherein the third resonance frequency f3 is the same as the first resonance frequency f1 and the fourth resonance frequency f4 is the same as the second resonance frequency f2. 5. The microwave device of 3, wherein the third resonance frequency f3 is the same as the second resonance frequency f2 and the fourth resonance frequency f4 is the same as the first resonance frequency f1. 6. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the first resonant element and the second resonant element are open-circuited stubs. 7. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the first resonant element and the second resonant element are short-circuited stubs. 8. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the filter comprises any one of a DC-SQUID, a capacitor, and an inductor connected between the first or second resonant element and ground. 9. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the first resonant frequency f1 and the second resonant frequency f2 are between 4 GHz and 10 GHz. 10. The microwave device of claim 1, wherein the qubit is a transmon qubit. 11. A method for operating a microwave device having at least one superconducting qubit, the method comprising:
coupling the at least one qubit to a transmission line defining at least one port; and filtering emissions of the at least one qubit to the transmission line using a filter comprising a first resonant element having a first resonance frequency f1, positioned along the transmission line between the first port and the qubit, and a second resonant element having a second resonance frequency f2 different from f1, positioned along the transmission line between the first resonant element and the qubit. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising at least one of injecting input microwave signals into the microwave device over the transmission line and reading output microwave signals from the transmission line. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the input microwave signals and output microwave signals have a frequency corresponding to a resonance frequency frr of a readout resonator coupling the qubit and the transmission line, and wherein the resonance frequency frr is different from a frequency of the qubit. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the transmission line defines a second port, and the filter comprises:
a third resonant element having a third resonance frequency f3, the third resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the second port and the qubit; and a fourth resonant element having a fourth resonance frequency f4, the fourth resonant element positioned along the transmission line between the third resonant element and the qubit. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the third resonance frequency f3 is the same as the first resonance frequency f1 and the fourth resonance frequency f4 is the same as the second resonance frequency f2. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the third resonance frequency f3 is the same as the second resonance frequency f2 and the fourth resonance frequency f4 is the same as the first resonance frequency f1. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first resonant element and the second resonant element are open-circuited stubs. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the first resonant element and the second resonant element are short-circuited stubs. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the filter comprises any one of a DC-SQUID, a capacitor, and an inductor connected between the first or second resonant element and ground. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the qubit is a transmon qubit. | 1,600 |
346,584 | 16,804,980 | 1,619 | A method includes drilling a first, non-vertical wellbore in a first direction. The first wellbore includes a first heel section residing at a first production zone of a subterranean formation and a first toe section downhole of the first heel section and residing at a second production zone of the subterranean formation. The first wellbore defines a first central axis defining a first plane. The method also includes drilling a second, non-vertical wellbore in a second direction opposite the first direction. The second wellbore defines a second central axis defining a second plane substantially parallel to the first plane. The second wellbore includes a second heel section residing at a third production zone opposite the first production zone and a second toe section downhole of the second heel section and residing at a fourth production zone opposite the second production zone to help prevent pressure interference between the wellbores. | 1. A method comprising:
drilling a first, non-vertical wellbore in a first direction, the first wellbore comprising a first heel section residing at a first production zone of a subterranean formation and a first toe section downhole of the first heel section and residing at a second production zone of the subterranean formation, the first wellbore defining a first central axis defining a first plane; and drilling a second, non-vertical wellbore in a second direction opposite the first direction, the second wellbore defining a second central axis defining a second plane substantially parallel to the first plane, the second wellbore comprising a second heel section residing at a third production zone opposite the first production zone and a second toe section downhole of the second heel section and residing at a fourth production zone opposite the second production zone to help prevent, during production, pressure interference between the first production zone and the third production zone and to help prevent pressure interference between the second production zone and the fourth production zone. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein drilling the first wellbore comprises drilling the first wellbore through a first layer and a second layer of a multilayered reservoir, the first production zone disposed at the first layer and the second production zone disposed at the second layer, and wherein drilling the second wellbore comprises drilling the second wellbore through the first layer and the second layer, the third production zone disposed at the first layer and the fourth production zone disposed at the second layer. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising, after drilling the second wellbore:
completing the first wellbore and the second wellbore; and extracting a first production fluid from the first layer through the first heel section, extracting a second production fluid from the second layer through the first toe section, extracting a third production fluid from the first layer through the second heel section, and extracting a fourth production fluid from the second layer through the second toe section. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first wellbore comprises a first middle section disposed between the first heel section and the first toe section and wherein the second wellbore comprises a second middle section disposed between the second heel section and the second toe section, and wherein drilling the second wellbore comprises drilling the second wellbore such that the second middle section resides at a horizontal distance of between 0.1 and 0.8 kilometers from the first middle section. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein drilling the second wellbore comprises placing the second middle section at a similar vertical depth than the first middle section. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein drilling the first wellbore comprises drilling the first wellbore through a third layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer and wherein drilling the second wellbore comprises drilling the second wellbore through the third layer, wherein the first middle section and the second middle section each reside at the third layer of the multilayered reservoir. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising, after drilling the second wellbore, completing the first wellbore and the second wellbore such that the first middle section and the second middle section are configured to flow production fluid from the third layer to a surface of the wellbore. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first middle section and the second middle section each comprise a flow control device configured to help prevent pressure interference between the first middle section and second middle section during production. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plane is spaced by a horizontal distance of between 0.1 and 0.8 kilometers from the second plane. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first wellbore and the second wellbore have generally the same vertical depth such that the first heel section and the second heel section are disposed at a similar vertical distance from a surface of the wellbore, and wherein the first toe section and the second toe section are disposed at a similar vertical distance from the surface of the wellbore. 11. A method comprising:
receiving, at a surface of a first, non-vertical wellbore and from the first wellbore, a first production fluid from a first heel section of the first wellbore and a second production fluid from a first toe section of the first wellbore, the first toe section downhole of the first heel section, the first wellbore defining a first central axis defining a first plane; and receiving, at a surface of a second, non-vertical wellbore and from the second wellbore, a third production fluid from a second heel section of the second wellbore and a fourth production fluid from a second toe section of the second wellbore, the second toe section downhole of the first heel section, wherein the second wellbore defines a second central axis defining a second plane substantially parallel to the first plane, the second wellbore extending in a direction opposite to the first wellbore such that the second heel section is opposite the first heel section and the second toe section is opposite the first toe section to help prevent, during the flowing of the respective production fluids, pressure interference between the first wellbore and the second wellbore. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first wellbore extends through a first layer and a second layer of a multilayered reservoir and the second wellbore extends through the first layer and the second layer, the first heel section and the second heel section residing at the first layer and the first toe section and the second toe section residing at the second layer, and wherein receiving the respective production fluids comprises receiving the respective production fluids flown from respective layers to the surface of the first and second wellbore. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein receiving the first production fluid comprises receiving the first production fluid flown from the first layer, though the first heel section, to the surface of the first wellbore and wherein receiving the third production fluid comprises receiving the third production fluid flown from the first layer, through the second heel section, to the surface of the second wellbore. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein receiving the second production fluid comprises receiving the second production fluid flown from the second layer, though the first toe section, to the surface of the first wellbore and wherein receiving the fourth production fluid comprises receiving the fourth production fluid flown from the second layer, through the second toe section, to the surface of the second wellbore. 15. A wellbore system comprising:
a first, non-vertical wellbore comprising a first heel section and a first toe section downhole of the heel section; and a second, non-vertical wellbore comprising a second heel section and a second toe section downhole of the second heel section, the second wellbore extending in a direction opposite to the first wellbore, with the first heel section opposite the second heel section and the first toe section opposite the second toe section to help prevent, during production, pressure interference between the first wellbore and the second wellbore. 16. The wellbore system claim 15, wherein the first wellbore extends through a first layer and a second layer of a multilayered reservoir with the first heel residing at the first layer and the first toe residing at the second layer, and wherein the second wellbore extends through the first layer and the second layer with the second heel section residing at the first layer and the second toe section residing at the second layer, and wherein the first wellbore and the second wellbore are configured to flow production fluid, from the first and second layers, to a respective surface of the first wellbore and the second wellbore. 17. The wellbore system claim 16, wherein the first heel section is configured to receive a first production fluid from the first layer and flow the first production fluid to a surface of the first wellbore and wherein the second heel section is configured to receive a third production fluid from the first layer and flow the third production fluid to a surface of the second wellbore, wherein the first toe section is configured to receive a second production fluid from the second layer and flow the second production fluid to a surface of the first wellbore and wherein the second toe section is configured to receive a fourth production fluid from the second layer and flow the fourth production fluid to a surface of the second wellbore. 18. The wellbore system claim 16, wherein the first wellbore extends through a third layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer and wherein the second wellbore extends through the third layer, the first wellbore comprising a first middle section disposed between the first heel section and the first toe section and the second wellbore comprising a second middle section disposed between the second heel section and the second toe section, each of the first and second middle sections residing at and configured to flow to their respective surface a respective fifth and sixth production fluid form the third layer. 19. The wellbore system claim 18, wherein the first middle section and the second middle section each comprise a flow control device configured to help prevent pressure interference between the first middle section and second middle section during production. 20. The wellbore system claim 15, wherein the first heel section is spaced from the second heel section by a diagonal, horizontal distance of about 1.2 kilometers. | A method includes drilling a first, non-vertical wellbore in a first direction. The first wellbore includes a first heel section residing at a first production zone of a subterranean formation and a first toe section downhole of the first heel section and residing at a second production zone of the subterranean formation. The first wellbore defines a first central axis defining a first plane. The method also includes drilling a second, non-vertical wellbore in a second direction opposite the first direction. The second wellbore defines a second central axis defining a second plane substantially parallel to the first plane. The second wellbore includes a second heel section residing at a third production zone opposite the first production zone and a second toe section downhole of the second heel section and residing at a fourth production zone opposite the second production zone to help prevent pressure interference between the wellbores.1. A method comprising:
drilling a first, non-vertical wellbore in a first direction, the first wellbore comprising a first heel section residing at a first production zone of a subterranean formation and a first toe section downhole of the first heel section and residing at a second production zone of the subterranean formation, the first wellbore defining a first central axis defining a first plane; and drilling a second, non-vertical wellbore in a second direction opposite the first direction, the second wellbore defining a second central axis defining a second plane substantially parallel to the first plane, the second wellbore comprising a second heel section residing at a third production zone opposite the first production zone and a second toe section downhole of the second heel section and residing at a fourth production zone opposite the second production zone to help prevent, during production, pressure interference between the first production zone and the third production zone and to help prevent pressure interference between the second production zone and the fourth production zone. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein drilling the first wellbore comprises drilling the first wellbore through a first layer and a second layer of a multilayered reservoir, the first production zone disposed at the first layer and the second production zone disposed at the second layer, and wherein drilling the second wellbore comprises drilling the second wellbore through the first layer and the second layer, the third production zone disposed at the first layer and the fourth production zone disposed at the second layer. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising, after drilling the second wellbore:
completing the first wellbore and the second wellbore; and extracting a first production fluid from the first layer through the first heel section, extracting a second production fluid from the second layer through the first toe section, extracting a third production fluid from the first layer through the second heel section, and extracting a fourth production fluid from the second layer through the second toe section. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the first wellbore comprises a first middle section disposed between the first heel section and the first toe section and wherein the second wellbore comprises a second middle section disposed between the second heel section and the second toe section, and wherein drilling the second wellbore comprises drilling the second wellbore such that the second middle section resides at a horizontal distance of between 0.1 and 0.8 kilometers from the first middle section. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein drilling the second wellbore comprises placing the second middle section at a similar vertical depth than the first middle section. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein drilling the first wellbore comprises drilling the first wellbore through a third layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer and wherein drilling the second wellbore comprises drilling the second wellbore through the third layer, wherein the first middle section and the second middle section each reside at the third layer of the multilayered reservoir. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising, after drilling the second wellbore, completing the first wellbore and the second wellbore such that the first middle section and the second middle section are configured to flow production fluid from the third layer to a surface of the wellbore. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first middle section and the second middle section each comprise a flow control device configured to help prevent pressure interference between the first middle section and second middle section during production. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first plane is spaced by a horizontal distance of between 0.1 and 0.8 kilometers from the second plane. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first wellbore and the second wellbore have generally the same vertical depth such that the first heel section and the second heel section are disposed at a similar vertical distance from a surface of the wellbore, and wherein the first toe section and the second toe section are disposed at a similar vertical distance from the surface of the wellbore. 11. A method comprising:
receiving, at a surface of a first, non-vertical wellbore and from the first wellbore, a first production fluid from a first heel section of the first wellbore and a second production fluid from a first toe section of the first wellbore, the first toe section downhole of the first heel section, the first wellbore defining a first central axis defining a first plane; and receiving, at a surface of a second, non-vertical wellbore and from the second wellbore, a third production fluid from a second heel section of the second wellbore and a fourth production fluid from a second toe section of the second wellbore, the second toe section downhole of the first heel section, wherein the second wellbore defines a second central axis defining a second plane substantially parallel to the first plane, the second wellbore extending in a direction opposite to the first wellbore such that the second heel section is opposite the first heel section and the second toe section is opposite the first toe section to help prevent, during the flowing of the respective production fluids, pressure interference between the first wellbore and the second wellbore. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first wellbore extends through a first layer and a second layer of a multilayered reservoir and the second wellbore extends through the first layer and the second layer, the first heel section and the second heel section residing at the first layer and the first toe section and the second toe section residing at the second layer, and wherein receiving the respective production fluids comprises receiving the respective production fluids flown from respective layers to the surface of the first and second wellbore. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein receiving the first production fluid comprises receiving the first production fluid flown from the first layer, though the first heel section, to the surface of the first wellbore and wherein receiving the third production fluid comprises receiving the third production fluid flown from the first layer, through the second heel section, to the surface of the second wellbore. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein receiving the second production fluid comprises receiving the second production fluid flown from the second layer, though the first toe section, to the surface of the first wellbore and wherein receiving the fourth production fluid comprises receiving the fourth production fluid flown from the second layer, through the second toe section, to the surface of the second wellbore. 15. A wellbore system comprising:
a first, non-vertical wellbore comprising a first heel section and a first toe section downhole of the heel section; and a second, non-vertical wellbore comprising a second heel section and a second toe section downhole of the second heel section, the second wellbore extending in a direction opposite to the first wellbore, with the first heel section opposite the second heel section and the first toe section opposite the second toe section to help prevent, during production, pressure interference between the first wellbore and the second wellbore. 16. The wellbore system claim 15, wherein the first wellbore extends through a first layer and a second layer of a multilayered reservoir with the first heel residing at the first layer and the first toe residing at the second layer, and wherein the second wellbore extends through the first layer and the second layer with the second heel section residing at the first layer and the second toe section residing at the second layer, and wherein the first wellbore and the second wellbore are configured to flow production fluid, from the first and second layers, to a respective surface of the first wellbore and the second wellbore. 17. The wellbore system claim 16, wherein the first heel section is configured to receive a first production fluid from the first layer and flow the first production fluid to a surface of the first wellbore and wherein the second heel section is configured to receive a third production fluid from the first layer and flow the third production fluid to a surface of the second wellbore, wherein the first toe section is configured to receive a second production fluid from the second layer and flow the second production fluid to a surface of the first wellbore and wherein the second toe section is configured to receive a fourth production fluid from the second layer and flow the fourth production fluid to a surface of the second wellbore. 18. The wellbore system claim 16, wherein the first wellbore extends through a third layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer and wherein the second wellbore extends through the third layer, the first wellbore comprising a first middle section disposed between the first heel section and the first toe section and the second wellbore comprising a second middle section disposed between the second heel section and the second toe section, each of the first and second middle sections residing at and configured to flow to their respective surface a respective fifth and sixth production fluid form the third layer. 19. The wellbore system claim 18, wherein the first middle section and the second middle section each comprise a flow control device configured to help prevent pressure interference between the first middle section and second middle section during production. 20. The wellbore system claim 15, wherein the first heel section is spaced from the second heel section by a diagonal, horizontal distance of about 1.2 kilometers. | 1,600 |
346,585 | 16,805,037 | 1,619 | Provided herein are compositions and methods for polishing surfaces comprising amorphous carbon, spin-on carbon (SoC), and/or diamond like carbon (DLC) films. | 1. A method of increasing the removal rate of amorphous carbon, spin-on carbon (SoC), or diamond like carbon (DLC) from a surface, comprising contacting the surface with a slurry comprising an abrasive having zirconia particles and a metal-containing oxidizer, and polishing the surface. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the removal rate is increased when compared to a removal rate using a similar slurry composition having silica and/or a non-metal-containing oxidizer in place of zirconia particles and/or the metal-containing oxidizer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the zirconia particle is an aggregate comprising primary particles. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the zirconia particle comprises a primary particle size with a diameter of about 8-10 nm and a secondary size of the aggregates with a diameter of about 70 nm. 5. The method of claim 1, the metal-containing oxidizer comprises an element selected from the group consisting of manganese, cerium, vanadium, and iron. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal-containing oxidizer is selected from the group consisting of KMnO4, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, NaVO3, NH4VO3, and Fe(NO3)3. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition has a pH of about 3 to about 6. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the zirconia particles are present in an amount of about 0.2 wt. % of more. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the zirconia particles are present in an amount of about 2.5 wt. % of less. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal-containing oxidizer. present in an amount of about 2 mM or more. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the zirconia particles comprise colloidal zirconia. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the zirconia particles comprise calcined zirconia. 13. A chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) composition comprising colloidal zirconia particles and a metal-containing oxidizer. 14. The CMP composition of claim 13, wherein the colloidal zirconia particle is an aggregate comprising primary particles. 15. The CMP composition of claim 14, wherein the colloidal zirconia particle comprises a primary particle size with a diameter of about 8 to about 10 nm and a secondary size of the aggregates with a diameter of about 70 nm. 16. The CMP composition of claim 13, wherein the metal-containing oxidizer comprises an element selected from the group consisting of manganese, cerium, vanadium, and iron. 17. The CMP composition of claim 13, wherein the metal-containing oxidizer is selected from the group consisting of KMnO4, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, NaVO3, NH4VO3, and Fe(NO3)3. 18. The CMP composition of claim 13, wherein the composition has a pH of about 3 to about 6. 19. The CMP composition of claim 13, wherein the zirconia particles are present in an amount of about 0.2 wt. % of more. 20. The CMP composition of claim 19, wherein the zirconia particles are present in an amount of about 2.5 wt. % of less. 21. The CMP composition of claim 19, wherein the metal-containing oxidizer. present in an amount of about 2 mM or more. 22. A reaction product formed by contacting the CMP composition of claim 13 with an amorphous carbon, spin-on carbon (SoC), or DLC surface. | Provided herein are compositions and methods for polishing surfaces comprising amorphous carbon, spin-on carbon (SoC), and/or diamond like carbon (DLC) films.1. A method of increasing the removal rate of amorphous carbon, spin-on carbon (SoC), or diamond like carbon (DLC) from a surface, comprising contacting the surface with a slurry comprising an abrasive having zirconia particles and a metal-containing oxidizer, and polishing the surface. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the removal rate is increased when compared to a removal rate using a similar slurry composition having silica and/or a non-metal-containing oxidizer in place of zirconia particles and/or the metal-containing oxidizer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the zirconia particle is an aggregate comprising primary particles. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the zirconia particle comprises a primary particle size with a diameter of about 8-10 nm and a secondary size of the aggregates with a diameter of about 70 nm. 5. The method of claim 1, the metal-containing oxidizer comprises an element selected from the group consisting of manganese, cerium, vanadium, and iron. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal-containing oxidizer is selected from the group consisting of KMnO4, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, NaVO3, NH4VO3, and Fe(NO3)3. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition has a pH of about 3 to about 6. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the zirconia particles are present in an amount of about 0.2 wt. % of more. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the zirconia particles are present in an amount of about 2.5 wt. % of less. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal-containing oxidizer. present in an amount of about 2 mM or more. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the zirconia particles comprise colloidal zirconia. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the zirconia particles comprise calcined zirconia. 13. A chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) composition comprising colloidal zirconia particles and a metal-containing oxidizer. 14. The CMP composition of claim 13, wherein the colloidal zirconia particle is an aggregate comprising primary particles. 15. The CMP composition of claim 14, wherein the colloidal zirconia particle comprises a primary particle size with a diameter of about 8 to about 10 nm and a secondary size of the aggregates with a diameter of about 70 nm. 16. The CMP composition of claim 13, wherein the metal-containing oxidizer comprises an element selected from the group consisting of manganese, cerium, vanadium, and iron. 17. The CMP composition of claim 13, wherein the metal-containing oxidizer is selected from the group consisting of KMnO4, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, NaVO3, NH4VO3, and Fe(NO3)3. 18. The CMP composition of claim 13, wherein the composition has a pH of about 3 to about 6. 19. The CMP composition of claim 13, wherein the zirconia particles are present in an amount of about 0.2 wt. % of more. 20. The CMP composition of claim 19, wherein the zirconia particles are present in an amount of about 2.5 wt. % of less. 21. The CMP composition of claim 19, wherein the metal-containing oxidizer. present in an amount of about 2 mM or more. 22. A reaction product formed by contacting the CMP composition of claim 13 with an amorphous carbon, spin-on carbon (SoC), or DLC surface. | 1,600 |
346,586 | 16,805,056 | 1,619 | Amorphous rifaximin, methods of making it, and pharmaceutical compositions containing it. Also described are methods of converting amorphous rifaximin to crystalline rifaximin and vice versa. | 1.-22. (canceled) 23. A pharmaceutical composition comprising amorphous rifaximin, silicon dioxide, disodium edetate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, and glycerol palmitostearate. 24. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 23, wherein the amorphous rifaximin is characterized by the XRPD pattern shown in FIG. 1. 25. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 23, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in tablet form. 26. A method of treating a bowel related disorder in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 23 to the patient. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the bowel related disorder is selected from the group consisting of irritable bowel syndrome, traveler's diarrhea, Crohn's disease, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, and colitis. | Amorphous rifaximin, methods of making it, and pharmaceutical compositions containing it. Also described are methods of converting amorphous rifaximin to crystalline rifaximin and vice versa.1.-22. (canceled) 23. A pharmaceutical composition comprising amorphous rifaximin, silicon dioxide, disodium edetate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, and glycerol palmitostearate. 24. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 23, wherein the amorphous rifaximin is characterized by the XRPD pattern shown in FIG. 1. 25. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 23, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is in tablet form. 26. A method of treating a bowel related disorder in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of claim 23 to the patient. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the bowel related disorder is selected from the group consisting of irritable bowel syndrome, traveler's diarrhea, Crohn's disease, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic insufficiency, and colitis. | 1,600 |
346,587 | 16,805,039 | 1,619 | A method includes determining, by a network side device, N fixed channels. The method further includes determining, by the network side device, a first fixed channel from the N fixed channels, sending, by the network side device, a discovery reference signal on the first fixed channel, and performing data transmission on a data channel through frequency hopping. The data channel includes a channel other than the N fixed channels. N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
one or more processors; and a non-transitory memory for storing computer instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the apparatus to perform the operations of:
determining N fixed channels, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
determining a first fixed channel from the N fixed channels, wherein the first fixed channel is M channels in the N fixed channels, M<N, and M is a positive integer;
sending a discovery reference signal (DRS) on the first fixed channel, wherein the DRS comprises at least one of a synchronization signal, a broadcast information, or a system message; and
performing, through frequency hopping, data transmission on a data channel, wherein the data channel includes a channel other than the N fixed channels. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein performing, through frequency hopping, data transmission on the data channel comprises:
performing, between two consecutive times for sending the DRS, data transmission on p data channels for a predetermined time length for at least one time, wherein p≥1, and p is an integer. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein sending the discovery reference signal (DRS) is sent on the first fixed channel,
comprises: sending the DRS on the first fixed channel in one sending time window, wherein the one sending time window is a time interval for sending the DRS. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein before sending the DRS on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window, the operations further comprises:
performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window; calculating a first remaining time length in the one sending time window in response to an assessment result of the CCA indicating that the first fixed channel is occupied; re-performing the CCA on the first fixed channel in response to the first remaining time length not being less than a sum of a time length for performing the CCA for one time and a time length for sending the DRS for the one time; and sending the DRS on the first fixed channel in response to the DRS being sent on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window, and an assessment result of the re-performed CCA that indicates that the first fixed channel is idle. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein before sending the discovery reference signal DRS on the first fixed channel, the operations further comprises:
determining a sending time window based on a pre-configured time window configuration information, or determining the sending time window based on an identifier of a cell accessed by a user terminal. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein determining the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels, comprises:
determining the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels based on a preconfigured fixed channel configuration information, or determining the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels based on an identifier of a cell accessed by a user terminal. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein sending the discovery reference signal (DRS) on the first fixed channel,
the DRS further comprises a data channel configuration information on the first fixed channel, wherein the data channel configuration information indicates a predetermined duration for uplink transmission, and a predetermined duration for downlink transmission. 8. An apparatus, comprising:
one or more processors; and a non-transitory memory for storing computer instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the apparatus to perform the operations of:
determining N fixed channels, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
detecting a first fixed channel in the N fixed channels, wherein the first fixed channel is M channels in the N fixed channels, M≤N, and M is a positive integer;
receiving a discovery reference signal (DRS) on the first fixed channel, wherein the DRS comprises at least one of a synchronization signal, a broadcast information, or a system message; and
performing, through frequency hopping, data transmission on a data channel, wherein the data channel includes at least a channel other than the N fixed channels. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein performing, through frequency hopping, data transmission on the data channel, comprises:
determining a start moment of the data channel based on a start time offset information included in the DRS, wherein the start time offset information indicates an offset between a start time point of the data transmission and a start time point of the DRS or an end time point of the DRS; determining a sending frequency of the data channel based on a frequency hopping pattern and a frequency hopping time information that are included in the DRS; determining an uplink location or a downlink location of the data channel based on a data channel configuration information included in the DRS, wherein the data channel configuration information indicates a predetermined duration for uplink transmission and a predetermined duration for downlink transmission; and performing, through frequency hopping, data transmission. 10. A wireless communication method, wherein the method comprises:
determining, by a network side device, N fixed channels, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; determining, by the network side device, a first fixed channel from the N fixed channels, wherein the first fixed channel is M channels in the N fixed channels, M<N, and M is a positive integer; sending, by the network side device, a discovery reference signal (DRS) on the first fixed channel, wherein the DRS comprises at least one of a synchronization signal, a broadcast information, or a system message; and performing, by the network side device, data transmission on a data channel through frequency hopping, wherein the data channel includes a channel other than the N fixed channels. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the performing, by the network side device, data transmission on the data channel through frequency hopping comprises:
performing, by the network side device, between two consecutive times for sending the DRS, data transmission on p data channels for a predetermined time length for at least one time, wherein p≥1, and p is an integer. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel comprises:
sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel in one sending time window, wherein the one sending time window is a time interval for sending the DRS. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein before the sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window, the method further comprises:
performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window; determining, by the network side device, a first remaining time length in the one sending time window in response to an assessment result of the CCA indicating that the first fixed channel is occupied; and re-performing, by the network side device, the CCA on the first fixed channel in response to the first remaining time length not being less than a sum of a time length for performing the CCA for one time and a time length for sending the DRS for the one time; and the sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window comprises: sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel in response to an assessment result of the re-performed CCA that indicates that the first fixed channel is idle. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein before the sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel, the method further comprises:
determining, by the network side device, a sending time window based on a pre-configured time window configuration information, or determining, by the network side device, the sending time window based on an identifier of a cell accessed by a user terminal. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the determining, by the network side device, the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels comprises:
determining, by the network side device, the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels based on a preconfigured fixed channel configuration information, or determining, by the network side device, the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels based on an identifier of a cell accessed by a user terminal. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel the DRS further comprises a data channel configuration information on the first fixed channel, wherein the data channel configuration information indicates a predetermined duration for uplink transmission and a predetermined duration for downlink transmission. 17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data channel further includes a plurality of channels, and each of the plurality of channels corresponds to channels other than the N fixed channels. 18. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein time intervals in which data transmission is performed on the p data channels are different in response to p being not less than 2. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the data channel further includes a plurality of channels, and each of the plurality of channels corresponds to channels other than the N fixed channels. 20. The method according to claim 11, wherein the performing, by the network side device, data transmission on the data channel through frequency hopping, wherein time intervals in which data transmission is performed on the p data channels are different in response to p being not less than 2. | A method includes determining, by a network side device, N fixed channels. The method further includes determining, by the network side device, a first fixed channel from the N fixed channels, sending, by the network side device, a discovery reference signal on the first fixed channel, and performing data transmission on a data channel through frequency hopping. The data channel includes a channel other than the N fixed channels. N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.1. An apparatus, comprising:
one or more processors; and a non-transitory memory for storing computer instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the apparatus to perform the operations of:
determining N fixed channels, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
determining a first fixed channel from the N fixed channels, wherein the first fixed channel is M channels in the N fixed channels, M<N, and M is a positive integer;
sending a discovery reference signal (DRS) on the first fixed channel, wherein the DRS comprises at least one of a synchronization signal, a broadcast information, or a system message; and
performing, through frequency hopping, data transmission on a data channel, wherein the data channel includes a channel other than the N fixed channels. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein performing, through frequency hopping, data transmission on the data channel comprises:
performing, between two consecutive times for sending the DRS, data transmission on p data channels for a predetermined time length for at least one time, wherein p≥1, and p is an integer. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein sending the discovery reference signal (DRS) is sent on the first fixed channel,
comprises: sending the DRS on the first fixed channel in one sending time window, wherein the one sending time window is a time interval for sending the DRS. 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein before sending the DRS on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window, the operations further comprises:
performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window; calculating a first remaining time length in the one sending time window in response to an assessment result of the CCA indicating that the first fixed channel is occupied; re-performing the CCA on the first fixed channel in response to the first remaining time length not being less than a sum of a time length for performing the CCA for one time and a time length for sending the DRS for the one time; and sending the DRS on the first fixed channel in response to the DRS being sent on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window, and an assessment result of the re-performed CCA that indicates that the first fixed channel is idle. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein before sending the discovery reference signal DRS on the first fixed channel, the operations further comprises:
determining a sending time window based on a pre-configured time window configuration information, or determining the sending time window based on an identifier of a cell accessed by a user terminal. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein determining the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels, comprises:
determining the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels based on a preconfigured fixed channel configuration information, or determining the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels based on an identifier of a cell accessed by a user terminal. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein sending the discovery reference signal (DRS) on the first fixed channel,
the DRS further comprises a data channel configuration information on the first fixed channel, wherein the data channel configuration information indicates a predetermined duration for uplink transmission, and a predetermined duration for downlink transmission. 8. An apparatus, comprising:
one or more processors; and a non-transitory memory for storing computer instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the apparatus to perform the operations of:
determining N fixed channels, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
detecting a first fixed channel in the N fixed channels, wherein the first fixed channel is M channels in the N fixed channels, M≤N, and M is a positive integer;
receiving a discovery reference signal (DRS) on the first fixed channel, wherein the DRS comprises at least one of a synchronization signal, a broadcast information, or a system message; and
performing, through frequency hopping, data transmission on a data channel, wherein the data channel includes at least a channel other than the N fixed channels. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein performing, through frequency hopping, data transmission on the data channel, comprises:
determining a start moment of the data channel based on a start time offset information included in the DRS, wherein the start time offset information indicates an offset between a start time point of the data transmission and a start time point of the DRS or an end time point of the DRS; determining a sending frequency of the data channel based on a frequency hopping pattern and a frequency hopping time information that are included in the DRS; determining an uplink location or a downlink location of the data channel based on a data channel configuration information included in the DRS, wherein the data channel configuration information indicates a predetermined duration for uplink transmission and a predetermined duration for downlink transmission; and performing, through frequency hopping, data transmission. 10. A wireless communication method, wherein the method comprises:
determining, by a network side device, N fixed channels, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; determining, by the network side device, a first fixed channel from the N fixed channels, wherein the first fixed channel is M channels in the N fixed channels, M<N, and M is a positive integer; sending, by the network side device, a discovery reference signal (DRS) on the first fixed channel, wherein the DRS comprises at least one of a synchronization signal, a broadcast information, or a system message; and performing, by the network side device, data transmission on a data channel through frequency hopping, wherein the data channel includes a channel other than the N fixed channels. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the performing, by the network side device, data transmission on the data channel through frequency hopping comprises:
performing, by the network side device, between two consecutive times for sending the DRS, data transmission on p data channels for a predetermined time length for at least one time, wherein p≥1, and p is an integer. 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel comprises:
sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel in one sending time window, wherein the one sending time window is a time interval for sending the DRS. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein before the sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window, the method further comprises:
performing a clear channel assessment (CCA) on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window; determining, by the network side device, a first remaining time length in the one sending time window in response to an assessment result of the CCA indicating that the first fixed channel is occupied; and re-performing, by the network side device, the CCA on the first fixed channel in response to the first remaining time length not being less than a sum of a time length for performing the CCA for one time and a time length for sending the DRS for the one time; and the sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel in the one sending time window comprises: sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel in response to an assessment result of the re-performed CCA that indicates that the first fixed channel is idle. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein before the sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel, the method further comprises:
determining, by the network side device, a sending time window based on a pre-configured time window configuration information, or determining, by the network side device, the sending time window based on an identifier of a cell accessed by a user terminal. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the determining, by the network side device, the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels comprises:
determining, by the network side device, the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels based on a preconfigured fixed channel configuration information, or determining, by the network side device, the first fixed channel from the N fixed channels based on an identifier of a cell accessed by a user terminal. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the sending, by the network side device, the DRS on the first fixed channel the DRS further comprises a data channel configuration information on the first fixed channel, wherein the data channel configuration information indicates a predetermined duration for uplink transmission and a predetermined duration for downlink transmission. 17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the data channel further includes a plurality of channels, and each of the plurality of channels corresponds to channels other than the N fixed channels. 18. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein time intervals in which data transmission is performed on the p data channels are different in response to p being not less than 2. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the data channel further includes a plurality of channels, and each of the plurality of channels corresponds to channels other than the N fixed channels. 20. The method according to claim 11, wherein the performing, by the network side device, data transmission on the data channel through frequency hopping, wherein time intervals in which data transmission is performed on the p data channels are different in response to p being not less than 2. | 1,600 |
346,588 | 16,805,052 | 3,791 | Apparatus and methods provide wireless, disposable, continuous pulse oximeter sensor technology, useful and beneficial for a number of applications including relatively extended periods of data collection, and/or packaged in compact and easy-to-use assemblies. Economic fabrication and use provides flexible methodologies that can reduce the overall costs of monitoring and collecting patient's physiological data, and provide relatively greater ease and comfort to the patient. A disposable wireless continuous pulse oximeter sensor has a reduced emitter-detector separation, a low-power frontend, and a low-cost processor that sends waveforms to a host device so that the host can calculate and display the parameters of interest. Complications created by the reduced distance between emitter and detector are minimized by using an emitter-detector assembly with an optically dark background, and a bandage for improved optical compliance. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A pulse oximeter apparatus, comprising:
an optical sensor attached to a measurement site of a user, the optical sensor comprising a light emitter to emit light towards the measurement site and a light detector to detect light acquired from the measurement site; a low energy wireless radio; a processor operably connected to the optical sensor and the low energy wireless radio; a battery operably connected to the optical sensor, the low energy wireless radio, and the processor; and a memory for storing instructions, that when executed by the processor, cause operations of:
modulating light emitted by the light emitter to cause the light detector to produce modulated signals associated with photoplethysmographs;
decimating the modulated signals to produce decimated signals that are associated with photoplethysmographs; and
transmitting in substantially real-time, using the low energy wireless radio, the decimated signals associated with photoplethysmographs to a computing device to enable presentation of photoplethysmographs. 22. The pulse oximeter apparatus of claim 21, wherein the low energy wireless radio comprises a reusable low energy wireless radio. 23. The pulse oximeter apparatus of claim 21, wherein the low energy wireless radio comprises a low energy Bluetooth radio. 24. A system, comprising:
a pulse oximeter device, comprising:
an optical sensor attached to a measurement site of a user, the optical sensor comprising a light emitter to emit light towards the measurement site and a light detector to detect light acquired from the measurement site;
a first wireless communication device;
a first processor operably connected to the optical sensor and the first wireless communication device;
a battery operably connected to the optical sensor, the first wireless communication device, and the first processor; and
a first memory for storing instructions, that when executed by the first processor, cause operations of:
modulating light emitted by the light emitter to cause the light detector to produce modulated signals associated with a plurality of parameters;
decimating the modulated signals to produce decimated signals that are associated with the plurality of parameters; and
transmitting, using the first wireless communication device, the decimated signals to a first computing device; and
the first computing device, comprising:
a second wireless communication device;
a second processor operably connected to the second wireless communication device; and
a second memory for storing instructions, that when executed by the second processor, cause operations of:
receiving, from the pulse oximeter device using the second wireless communication device, the decimated signals associated with the plurality of parameters;
displaying the decimated signals on a display device; and
when a value of a parameter in the plurality of parameters is out of range, transmitting, to a second computing device using the second wireless communication device, an electronic notification regarding the parameter that is out of range. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the electronic notification comprises a text message. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein the plurality of parameters include two or more of:
pulse rate; oxygen saturation; or blood perfusion. 27. The system of claim 24, wherein the first wireless communication device comprises a low energy wireless communication device. 28. The system of claim 24, wherein the pulse oximeter device is a single use pulse oximeter device. 29. The system of claim 24, wherein at least the first wireless communication device is reusable. 30. The system of claim 24, wherein the first memory stores instructions for:
storing the modulated signals received from the light detector; and providing parameter trend information for at least one of the plurality of parameters. 31. The system of claim 24, wherein the first memory, stores instructions for modulating the light emitted by the light emitter by sequentially turning on and off each light wavelength range over time. 32. A system, comprising:
a monitoring apparatus, comprising:
an optical sensor attached to a measurement site of a user, the optical sensor comprising a light emitter to emit light towards the measurement site and a light detector to detect light acquired from the measurement site;
a first wireless communication device;
a first processor operably connected to the optical sensor and the first wireless communication device;
a battery operably connected to the optical sensor, the first wireless communication device, and the first processor; and
a first memory for storing instructions, that when executed by the first processor, cause operations of:
emitting light by the light emitter;
receiving signals associated with a plurality of parameters from the light detector, wherein the signals represent waveforms;
decimating the signals to produce decimated signals that are associated with the plurality of parameters; and
transmitting, using the first wireless communication device, the decimated signals to a first computing device; and
the first computing device, comprising:
a second wireless communication device;
a second processor operably connected to the second wireless communication device; and
a second memory for storing instructions, that when executed by the second processor, cause operations of:
receiving, from the monitoring apparatus using the second wireless communication device, the decimated signals associated with the plurality of parameters;
displaying the decimated signals on a display device;
providing an alarm when a value of a parameter in the plurality of parameters is out of range; and
based on providing the alarm, transmitting, to a second computing device using the second wireless communication device, an electronic notification regarding the parameter that is out of range. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the alarm comprises an audible alarm. 34. The system of claim 32, wherein the alarm comprises a visual alarm presented on the display device. 35. The system of claim 32, wherein the electronic notification comprises a text message. 36. The system of claim 32, wherein the plurality of parameters include two or more of:
pulse rate; oxygen saturation; or blood perfusion. 37. The system of claim 32, wherein the first memory stores instructions for:
storing the signals received from the light detector; and providing parameter trend information for at least one of the plurality of parameters. 38. The system of claim 32, wherein emitting light by the light emitter comprises modulating the light emitted by the light emitter by sequentially turning on and off each light wavelength range over time. 39. The system of claim 32, wherein the second memory stores instructions for causing a value associated with at least one of the plurality of parameters to be transmitted to the second computing device. 40. The system of claim 39, wherein the measurement site comprises a digit of the user. | Apparatus and methods provide wireless, disposable, continuous pulse oximeter sensor technology, useful and beneficial for a number of applications including relatively extended periods of data collection, and/or packaged in compact and easy-to-use assemblies. Economic fabrication and use provides flexible methodologies that can reduce the overall costs of monitoring and collecting patient's physiological data, and provide relatively greater ease and comfort to the patient. A disposable wireless continuous pulse oximeter sensor has a reduced emitter-detector separation, a low-power frontend, and a low-cost processor that sends waveforms to a host device so that the host can calculate and display the parameters of interest. Complications created by the reduced distance between emitter and detector are minimized by using an emitter-detector assembly with an optically dark background, and a bandage for improved optical compliance.1-20. (canceled) 21. A pulse oximeter apparatus, comprising:
an optical sensor attached to a measurement site of a user, the optical sensor comprising a light emitter to emit light towards the measurement site and a light detector to detect light acquired from the measurement site; a low energy wireless radio; a processor operably connected to the optical sensor and the low energy wireless radio; a battery operably connected to the optical sensor, the low energy wireless radio, and the processor; and a memory for storing instructions, that when executed by the processor, cause operations of:
modulating light emitted by the light emitter to cause the light detector to produce modulated signals associated with photoplethysmographs;
decimating the modulated signals to produce decimated signals that are associated with photoplethysmographs; and
transmitting in substantially real-time, using the low energy wireless radio, the decimated signals associated with photoplethysmographs to a computing device to enable presentation of photoplethysmographs. 22. The pulse oximeter apparatus of claim 21, wherein the low energy wireless radio comprises a reusable low energy wireless radio. 23. The pulse oximeter apparatus of claim 21, wherein the low energy wireless radio comprises a low energy Bluetooth radio. 24. A system, comprising:
a pulse oximeter device, comprising:
an optical sensor attached to a measurement site of a user, the optical sensor comprising a light emitter to emit light towards the measurement site and a light detector to detect light acquired from the measurement site;
a first wireless communication device;
a first processor operably connected to the optical sensor and the first wireless communication device;
a battery operably connected to the optical sensor, the first wireless communication device, and the first processor; and
a first memory for storing instructions, that when executed by the first processor, cause operations of:
modulating light emitted by the light emitter to cause the light detector to produce modulated signals associated with a plurality of parameters;
decimating the modulated signals to produce decimated signals that are associated with the plurality of parameters; and
transmitting, using the first wireless communication device, the decimated signals to a first computing device; and
the first computing device, comprising:
a second wireless communication device;
a second processor operably connected to the second wireless communication device; and
a second memory for storing instructions, that when executed by the second processor, cause operations of:
receiving, from the pulse oximeter device using the second wireless communication device, the decimated signals associated with the plurality of parameters;
displaying the decimated signals on a display device; and
when a value of a parameter in the plurality of parameters is out of range, transmitting, to a second computing device using the second wireless communication device, an electronic notification regarding the parameter that is out of range. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the electronic notification comprises a text message. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein the plurality of parameters include two or more of:
pulse rate; oxygen saturation; or blood perfusion. 27. The system of claim 24, wherein the first wireless communication device comprises a low energy wireless communication device. 28. The system of claim 24, wherein the pulse oximeter device is a single use pulse oximeter device. 29. The system of claim 24, wherein at least the first wireless communication device is reusable. 30. The system of claim 24, wherein the first memory stores instructions for:
storing the modulated signals received from the light detector; and providing parameter trend information for at least one of the plurality of parameters. 31. The system of claim 24, wherein the first memory, stores instructions for modulating the light emitted by the light emitter by sequentially turning on and off each light wavelength range over time. 32. A system, comprising:
a monitoring apparatus, comprising:
an optical sensor attached to a measurement site of a user, the optical sensor comprising a light emitter to emit light towards the measurement site and a light detector to detect light acquired from the measurement site;
a first wireless communication device;
a first processor operably connected to the optical sensor and the first wireless communication device;
a battery operably connected to the optical sensor, the first wireless communication device, and the first processor; and
a first memory for storing instructions, that when executed by the first processor, cause operations of:
emitting light by the light emitter;
receiving signals associated with a plurality of parameters from the light detector, wherein the signals represent waveforms;
decimating the signals to produce decimated signals that are associated with the plurality of parameters; and
transmitting, using the first wireless communication device, the decimated signals to a first computing device; and
the first computing device, comprising:
a second wireless communication device;
a second processor operably connected to the second wireless communication device; and
a second memory for storing instructions, that when executed by the second processor, cause operations of:
receiving, from the monitoring apparatus using the second wireless communication device, the decimated signals associated with the plurality of parameters;
displaying the decimated signals on a display device;
providing an alarm when a value of a parameter in the plurality of parameters is out of range; and
based on providing the alarm, transmitting, to a second computing device using the second wireless communication device, an electronic notification regarding the parameter that is out of range. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the alarm comprises an audible alarm. 34. The system of claim 32, wherein the alarm comprises a visual alarm presented on the display device. 35. The system of claim 32, wherein the electronic notification comprises a text message. 36. The system of claim 32, wherein the plurality of parameters include two or more of:
pulse rate; oxygen saturation; or blood perfusion. 37. The system of claim 32, wherein the first memory stores instructions for:
storing the signals received from the light detector; and providing parameter trend information for at least one of the plurality of parameters. 38. The system of claim 32, wherein emitting light by the light emitter comprises modulating the light emitted by the light emitter by sequentially turning on and off each light wavelength range over time. 39. The system of claim 32, wherein the second memory stores instructions for causing a value associated with at least one of the plurality of parameters to be transmitted to the second computing device. 40. The system of claim 39, wherein the measurement site comprises a digit of the user. | 3,700 |
346,589 | 16,804,957 | 3,791 | In some instances, an apparatus can include a light sensitive imaging sensor having a surface to receive a fluid sample, a body to be moved relative to the light sensitive imaging sensor and having a surface to touch a portion of the fluid sample, and a carrier to move the body toward the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor to cause the surface of the body to touch the portion of the fluid sample, so that as the surface of the body touches the portion of the fluid, the surface of the body (i) is parallel to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor, and (ii) settles on top of the fluid sample independently of motion of the carrier. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a light sensitive imaging sensor having a surface to receive a fluid sample; a body to be moved relative to the light sensitive imaging sensor and having a surface to touch a portion of the fluid sample; and a carrier to move the body toward the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor to cause the surface of the body to touch the portion of the fluid sample, so that as the surface of the body touches the portion of the fluid, the surface of the body (i) is parallel to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor, and (ii) settles on the fluid sample independently of motion of the carrier. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body permits passage of light onto the light sensitive imaging sensor. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor to receive the fluid sample comprises a hydrophilic coating. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the surface of the body to touch a portion of the fluid sample comprises a hydrophilic coating. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a sample delivery component for preparing and delivering the fluid sample to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the sample delivery component comprises at least two volumetric capillary tubes, a nozzle for mixing fluids within the at least two volumetric capillary tubes, and an output tip through which the fluid sample is delivered to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body comprises an extension that lies on the carrier. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the extension of the body has features that match corresponding features on the carrier. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a device that causes an adjustment to a vertical distance between a bottom surface of the carrier and the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor that receives the sample fluid. 10. A method comprising
moving a body toward a fluid sample that is on a surface of a light sensitive imaging sensor so that as a surface of the body touches the fluid sample, the surface of the body is parallel to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor and the body settles on the fluid sample. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein moving the body toward the fluid sample comprises placing the body on a carrier such that the center of the body is vertically aligned with the center of the light sensitive imaging sensor. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein moving the body toward the fluid sample comprises moving the carrier toward the fluid sample. 13-19. (canceled) 20. A point-of-care apparatus comprising:
a sample processing chamber including
a base having a chamber and a light sensitive sensor having a surface within the chamber to receive a fluid sample, and
a body to be moved relative to the light sensitive imaging sensor and having a surface to touch a portion of the fluid sample so that as the surface of the body touches the portion of the fluid, the surface of the body (i) is parallel to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor, and (ii) settles on the fluid sample;
a device coupler to couple electronically to a mobile device capable of accepting electronic communications corresponding to signals derived from the light sensitive imaging sensors; and a housing to hold the sample processing chamber and the device coupler. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor to receive the fluid sample comprises a hydrophilic coating. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the surface of the body to touch a portion of the fluid sample comprises a hydrophilic coating. 23. The system of claim 20, further comprising a sample delivery component for preparing and delivering the fluid sample to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor. 24. The system of claim 20, wherein the sample delivery component comprises at least two volumetric capillary tubes, a nozzle for mixing fluids within the at least two volumetric capillary tubes, and an output tip through which the fluid sample is delivered to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor. 25. The system of claim 20, wherein the surface of the body to touch the portion of the fluid sample is on a component that is separable from the body. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the component that is separable from the body comprises a plate and a protruding element that is lowered into the chamber of the base. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein:
dimensions of a top surface of the protruding element are identical to dimensions of the surface to touch the portion of the fluid sample, and the top surface of the protruding element is the surface of the body to touch the portion of the fluid sample. 28. The system of claim 26, wherein the shape of the protruding element comprises a truncated pyramid. 29. The system of claim 20, wherein the electronic communications exchanged between the mobile device and the light sensitive imaging sensor comprise an instruction to capture an image of a portion of the fluid sample placed on the surface to receive the fluid sample | In some instances, an apparatus can include a light sensitive imaging sensor having a surface to receive a fluid sample, a body to be moved relative to the light sensitive imaging sensor and having a surface to touch a portion of the fluid sample, and a carrier to move the body toward the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor to cause the surface of the body to touch the portion of the fluid sample, so that as the surface of the body touches the portion of the fluid, the surface of the body (i) is parallel to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor, and (ii) settles on top of the fluid sample independently of motion of the carrier.1. An apparatus comprising:
a light sensitive imaging sensor having a surface to receive a fluid sample; a body to be moved relative to the light sensitive imaging sensor and having a surface to touch a portion of the fluid sample; and a carrier to move the body toward the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor to cause the surface of the body to touch the portion of the fluid sample, so that as the surface of the body touches the portion of the fluid, the surface of the body (i) is parallel to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor, and (ii) settles on the fluid sample independently of motion of the carrier. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body permits passage of light onto the light sensitive imaging sensor. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor to receive the fluid sample comprises a hydrophilic coating. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the surface of the body to touch a portion of the fluid sample comprises a hydrophilic coating. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a sample delivery component for preparing and delivering the fluid sample to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the sample delivery component comprises at least two volumetric capillary tubes, a nozzle for mixing fluids within the at least two volumetric capillary tubes, and an output tip through which the fluid sample is delivered to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the body comprises an extension that lies on the carrier. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the extension of the body has features that match corresponding features on the carrier. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a device that causes an adjustment to a vertical distance between a bottom surface of the carrier and the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor that receives the sample fluid. 10. A method comprising
moving a body toward a fluid sample that is on a surface of a light sensitive imaging sensor so that as a surface of the body touches the fluid sample, the surface of the body is parallel to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor and the body settles on the fluid sample. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein moving the body toward the fluid sample comprises placing the body on a carrier such that the center of the body is vertically aligned with the center of the light sensitive imaging sensor. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein moving the body toward the fluid sample comprises moving the carrier toward the fluid sample. 13-19. (canceled) 20. A point-of-care apparatus comprising:
a sample processing chamber including
a base having a chamber and a light sensitive sensor having a surface within the chamber to receive a fluid sample, and
a body to be moved relative to the light sensitive imaging sensor and having a surface to touch a portion of the fluid sample so that as the surface of the body touches the portion of the fluid, the surface of the body (i) is parallel to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor, and (ii) settles on the fluid sample;
a device coupler to couple electronically to a mobile device capable of accepting electronic communications corresponding to signals derived from the light sensitive imaging sensors; and a housing to hold the sample processing chamber and the device coupler. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor to receive the fluid sample comprises a hydrophilic coating. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the surface of the body to touch a portion of the fluid sample comprises a hydrophilic coating. 23. The system of claim 20, further comprising a sample delivery component for preparing and delivering the fluid sample to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor. 24. The system of claim 20, wherein the sample delivery component comprises at least two volumetric capillary tubes, a nozzle for mixing fluids within the at least two volumetric capillary tubes, and an output tip through which the fluid sample is delivered to the surface of the light sensitive imaging sensor. 25. The system of claim 20, wherein the surface of the body to touch the portion of the fluid sample is on a component that is separable from the body. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the component that is separable from the body comprises a plate and a protruding element that is lowered into the chamber of the base. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein:
dimensions of a top surface of the protruding element are identical to dimensions of the surface to touch the portion of the fluid sample, and the top surface of the protruding element is the surface of the body to touch the portion of the fluid sample. 28. The system of claim 26, wherein the shape of the protruding element comprises a truncated pyramid. 29. The system of claim 20, wherein the electronic communications exchanged between the mobile device and the light sensitive imaging sensor comprise an instruction to capture an image of a portion of the fluid sample placed on the surface to receive the fluid sample | 3,700 |
346,590 | 16,805,057 | 3,791 | A medical device is configured to detect an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode. The device senses a cardiac signal, identifies R-waves in the cardiac signal attendant ventricular depolarizations and determines classification factors from the R-waves identified over a predetermined time period. The device classifies the predetermined time period as one of unclassified, atrial tachyarrhythmia and non-atrial tachyarrhythmia by comparing the determined classification factors to classification criteria. A classification criterion is adjusted from a first classification criterion to a second classification criterion after at least one time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia. An atrial tachyarrhythmia episode is detected by the device in response to at least one subsequent time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on the adjusted classification criterion. | 1. A method of detecting an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode in a medical device, comprising:
sensing a cardiac signal; identifying R-waves in the cardiac signal attendant ventricular depolarizations; determining classification factors from the R-waves identified over a first predetermined time period; classifying the first predetermined time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on comparing the determined classification factors to classification criteria; adjusting a classification criterion of the classification criteria from a first classification criterion to a second classification criterion after classifying the first time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia; classifying at least one subsequent time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia by comparing classification factors determined over the subsequent time period to the adjusted classification criterion; and detecting an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode in response to at least one subsequent time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on the adjusted classification criteria. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the classification criterion after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia comprises:
classifying at least a second predetermined time period by comparing classification factors determined over the second predetermined time period to the classification criteria before the adjusting; and adjusting the classification criteria in response to the second predetermined time period being classified as one of atrial tachyarrhythmia and unclassified. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the classification criteria after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia comprises:
classifying a plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods following the first time period by comparing classification factors determined over each of the plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods to the classification criteria before the adjusting; and adjusting the classification criteria in response to none of the plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods being classified as non-atrial tachyarrhythmia. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the classification criterion comprises adjusting the classification criteria in response to the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the classification factors comprises determining RR-intervals between successive R-waves in the sensed cardiac signal and determining a variability metric of the RR-intervals; classifying the first time period comprises classifying the first time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia when the variability metric meets a threshold; and adjusting the classification criterion from a first classification criterion to a second classification criterion comprises adjusting the threshold of the variability metric from a first value to a second value less than the first value. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
resetting the classification criterion from the second criterion to the first criterion in response to one of at least one subsequent time period being classified as non-atrial tachyarrhythmia. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
resetting the classification criterion from the second criterion to the first criterion in response to a predetermined number of the subsequent time periods being classified as unclassified. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
classifying a second time period after detecting the atrial tachyarrhythmia episode; and detecting termination of the atrial tachyarrhythmia episode in response to classifying the second time period as non-atrial tachyarrhythmia. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
resetting the classification criterion from the second criterion to the first criterion in response to detecting the termination. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
classifying a plurality of time periods after detecting the atrial tachyarrhythmia episode using the adjusted classification criteria; detecting termination of the atrial tachyarrhythmia episode in response to a predetermined number of the plurality of time periods being classified as unclassified; and resetting the classification criterion from the second criterion to the first criterion in response to detecting the termination. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the classification factors comprises determining whether a ventricular tachyarrhythmia detection is occurring during the at least one subsequent predetermined time period; and classifying the subsequent predetermined time period as unclassified when the ventricular tachyarrhythmia detection is occurring during the subsequent predetermined time period. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising responding to detecting the atrial tachyarrhythmia by at least one of transmitting atrial tachyarrhythmia episode data to another device and withholding a ventricular therapy in response to detecting the atrial tachyarrhythmia. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the atrial tachyarrhythmia episode comprises classifying a predetermined number of time periods as atrial tachyarrhythmia comprising at least a second time period after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on the first criterion and at least a third time period after the second time period classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on the second criterion. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein
determining the classification factors comprises determining RR-intervals between successive R-waves in the sensed cardiac signal and determining a variability metric of the RR-intervals having a maximum possible value of 100; classifying the first predetermined time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia by comparing the variability metric to an atrial fibrillation score threshold; and adjusting the classification criterion comprises adjusting the atrial fibrillation score threshold from the first value to the second value, wherein the first value is at least 25 and equal to or less than 75 and the second value is at least 19 and less than or equal to 60, and wherein the second value is less than the first value. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying at least one subsequent time period comprises classifying the at least one subsequent time period as one of atrial tachyarrhythmia, non-atrial tachyarrhythmia, or unclassified by comparing classification factors determined over the subsequent time period to the adjusted classification criterion. 16. A medical device for detecting an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode, comprising:
sensing circuitry configured to receive a cardiac signal from a plurality of electrodes coupled to the medical device; and a processor configured to:
identify R-waves in the cardiac signal attendant ventricular depolarizations;
determine classification factors from the R-waves identified over a first predetermined time period;
classify the first predetermined time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on comparing the determined classification factors to classification criteria;
adjust a classification criterion of the classification criteria from a first classification criterion to a second classification criterion after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia;
classify at least one subsequent time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia by comparing classification factors determined over the subsequent time period to the adjusted classification criterion; and
detect an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode in response to at least one subsequent time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on the adjusted classification criterion. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to adjust the classification criterion after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia by:
classifying at least a second predetermined time period by comparing classification factors determined over the second predetermined time period to the classification criteria before the adjusting; and adjusting the classification criteria in response to the second predetermined time period not being classified as one of atrial tachyarrhythmia and unclassified. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to adjust the classification criteria after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia by:
classifying a plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods following the first time period by comparing classification factors determined over each of the plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods to the classification criteria before the adjusting; and adjusting the classification criteria in response to none of the plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods being classified as non-atrial tachyarrhythmia. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the first time period and the plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods have a total duration greater than or equal to two minutes and less than or equal to ten minutes. 20. The device of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to adjust the classification criteria in response to the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia. | A medical device is configured to detect an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode. The device senses a cardiac signal, identifies R-waves in the cardiac signal attendant ventricular depolarizations and determines classification factors from the R-waves identified over a predetermined time period. The device classifies the predetermined time period as one of unclassified, atrial tachyarrhythmia and non-atrial tachyarrhythmia by comparing the determined classification factors to classification criteria. A classification criterion is adjusted from a first classification criterion to a second classification criterion after at least one time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia. An atrial tachyarrhythmia episode is detected by the device in response to at least one subsequent time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on the adjusted classification criterion.1. A method of detecting an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode in a medical device, comprising:
sensing a cardiac signal; identifying R-waves in the cardiac signal attendant ventricular depolarizations; determining classification factors from the R-waves identified over a first predetermined time period; classifying the first predetermined time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on comparing the determined classification factors to classification criteria; adjusting a classification criterion of the classification criteria from a first classification criterion to a second classification criterion after classifying the first time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia; classifying at least one subsequent time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia by comparing classification factors determined over the subsequent time period to the adjusted classification criterion; and detecting an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode in response to at least one subsequent time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on the adjusted classification criteria. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the classification criterion after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia comprises:
classifying at least a second predetermined time period by comparing classification factors determined over the second predetermined time period to the classification criteria before the adjusting; and adjusting the classification criteria in response to the second predetermined time period being classified as one of atrial tachyarrhythmia and unclassified. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the classification criteria after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia comprises:
classifying a plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods following the first time period by comparing classification factors determined over each of the plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods to the classification criteria before the adjusting; and adjusting the classification criteria in response to none of the plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods being classified as non-atrial tachyarrhythmia. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the classification criterion comprises adjusting the classification criteria in response to the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the classification factors comprises determining RR-intervals between successive R-waves in the sensed cardiac signal and determining a variability metric of the RR-intervals; classifying the first time period comprises classifying the first time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia when the variability metric meets a threshold; and adjusting the classification criterion from a first classification criterion to a second classification criterion comprises adjusting the threshold of the variability metric from a first value to a second value less than the first value. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
resetting the classification criterion from the second criterion to the first criterion in response to one of at least one subsequent time period being classified as non-atrial tachyarrhythmia. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
resetting the classification criterion from the second criterion to the first criterion in response to a predetermined number of the subsequent time periods being classified as unclassified. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
classifying a second time period after detecting the atrial tachyarrhythmia episode; and detecting termination of the atrial tachyarrhythmia episode in response to classifying the second time period as non-atrial tachyarrhythmia. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
resetting the classification criterion from the second criterion to the first criterion in response to detecting the termination. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
classifying a plurality of time periods after detecting the atrial tachyarrhythmia episode using the adjusted classification criteria; detecting termination of the atrial tachyarrhythmia episode in response to a predetermined number of the plurality of time periods being classified as unclassified; and resetting the classification criterion from the second criterion to the first criterion in response to detecting the termination. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein:
determining the classification factors comprises determining whether a ventricular tachyarrhythmia detection is occurring during the at least one subsequent predetermined time period; and classifying the subsequent predetermined time period as unclassified when the ventricular tachyarrhythmia detection is occurring during the subsequent predetermined time period. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising responding to detecting the atrial tachyarrhythmia by at least one of transmitting atrial tachyarrhythmia episode data to another device and withholding a ventricular therapy in response to detecting the atrial tachyarrhythmia. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting the atrial tachyarrhythmia episode comprises classifying a predetermined number of time periods as atrial tachyarrhythmia comprising at least a second time period after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on the first criterion and at least a third time period after the second time period classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on the second criterion. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein
determining the classification factors comprises determining RR-intervals between successive R-waves in the sensed cardiac signal and determining a variability metric of the RR-intervals having a maximum possible value of 100; classifying the first predetermined time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia by comparing the variability metric to an atrial fibrillation score threshold; and adjusting the classification criterion comprises adjusting the atrial fibrillation score threshold from the first value to the second value, wherein the first value is at least 25 and equal to or less than 75 and the second value is at least 19 and less than or equal to 60, and wherein the second value is less than the first value. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein classifying at least one subsequent time period comprises classifying the at least one subsequent time period as one of atrial tachyarrhythmia, non-atrial tachyarrhythmia, or unclassified by comparing classification factors determined over the subsequent time period to the adjusted classification criterion. 16. A medical device for detecting an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode, comprising:
sensing circuitry configured to receive a cardiac signal from a plurality of electrodes coupled to the medical device; and a processor configured to:
identify R-waves in the cardiac signal attendant ventricular depolarizations;
determine classification factors from the R-waves identified over a first predetermined time period;
classify the first predetermined time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on comparing the determined classification factors to classification criteria;
adjust a classification criterion of the classification criteria from a first classification criterion to a second classification criterion after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia;
classify at least one subsequent time period as atrial tachyarrhythmia by comparing classification factors determined over the subsequent time period to the adjusted classification criterion; and
detect an atrial tachyarrhythmia episode in response to at least one subsequent time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia based on the adjusted classification criterion. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to adjust the classification criterion after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia by:
classifying at least a second predetermined time period by comparing classification factors determined over the second predetermined time period to the classification criteria before the adjusting; and adjusting the classification criteria in response to the second predetermined time period not being classified as one of atrial tachyarrhythmia and unclassified. 18. The device of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to adjust the classification criteria after the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia by:
classifying a plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods following the first time period by comparing classification factors determined over each of the plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods to the classification criteria before the adjusting; and adjusting the classification criteria in response to none of the plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods being classified as non-atrial tachyarrhythmia. 19. The device of claim 18, wherein the first time period and the plurality of consecutive predetermined time periods have a total duration greater than or equal to two minutes and less than or equal to ten minutes. 20. The device of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to adjust the classification criteria in response to the first time period being classified as atrial tachyarrhythmia. | 3,700 |
346,591 | 16,805,040 | 3,791 | Disclosed is a modified microorganism producing putrescine or ornithine, and a method for producing putrescine or ornithine using the same. | 1. A modified microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium having enhanced production of ornithine, wherein the activities of N-acetylglutamate synthase from E. coli and acetylornithine deacetylase from E. coli are introduced. 2. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the N-acetylglutamate synthase from E. coli consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 3. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the acetylornithine deacetylase from E. coli consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. 4. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium is Corynebacterium glutamicum. 5. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein an activity of phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase operon (pta-ackA operon) is further enhanced compared to its endogenous activity. 6. The modified microorganism according to claim 5, wherein the phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase operon consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 7. 7. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the activity of an acetyl-CoA synthetase (acs) from E. coli is further introduced. 8. The modified microorganism according to claim 7, wherein the acetyl-CoA synthetase consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 9. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the activity of an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is further introduced. 10. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the activity of i) an ornithine carbamoyltransferase (ArgF), ii) a glutamate exporter, or iii) an ornithine carbamoyltransferase and a glutamate exporter is further weakened compared to its endogenous activity. 11. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the activity of at least one selected from the group consisting of an acetyl gamma glutamyl phosphate reductase (ArgC), an acetylglutamate synthase/ornithine acetyltransferase (ArgJ), an acetylglutamate kinase (ArgB), and an acetyl ornithine aminotransferase (ArgD) is further enhanced compared to its endogenous activity. 12. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the activity of an acetyltransferase is further weakened compared to its endogenous activity. 13. The modified microorganism according to claim 12, wherein the acetyltransferase consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30 or SEQ ID NO: 31. 14. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein an activity of putrescine exporter is further enhanced compared to its endogenous activity. 15. The modified microorganism according to claim 14, wherein the putrescine exporter consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 or SEQ ID NO: 28. 16-17. (canceled) | Disclosed is a modified microorganism producing putrescine or ornithine, and a method for producing putrescine or ornithine using the same.1. A modified microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium having enhanced production of ornithine, wherein the activities of N-acetylglutamate synthase from E. coli and acetylornithine deacetylase from E. coli are introduced. 2. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the N-acetylglutamate synthase from E. coli consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. 3. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the acetylornithine deacetylase from E. coli consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3. 4. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium is Corynebacterium glutamicum. 5. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein an activity of phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase operon (pta-ackA operon) is further enhanced compared to its endogenous activity. 6. The modified microorganism according to claim 5, wherein the phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase operon consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 7. 7. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the activity of an acetyl-CoA synthetase (acs) from E. coli is further introduced. 8. The modified microorganism according to claim 7, wherein the acetyl-CoA synthetase consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9. 9. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the activity of an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is further introduced. 10. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the activity of i) an ornithine carbamoyltransferase (ArgF), ii) a glutamate exporter, or iii) an ornithine carbamoyltransferase and a glutamate exporter is further weakened compared to its endogenous activity. 11. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the activity of at least one selected from the group consisting of an acetyl gamma glutamyl phosphate reductase (ArgC), an acetylglutamate synthase/ornithine acetyltransferase (ArgJ), an acetylglutamate kinase (ArgB), and an acetyl ornithine aminotransferase (ArgD) is further enhanced compared to its endogenous activity. 12. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein the activity of an acetyltransferase is further weakened compared to its endogenous activity. 13. The modified microorganism according to claim 12, wherein the acetyltransferase consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30 or SEQ ID NO: 31. 14. The modified microorganism according to claim 1, wherein an activity of putrescine exporter is further enhanced compared to its endogenous activity. 15. The modified microorganism according to claim 14, wherein the putrescine exporter consists of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 or SEQ ID NO: 28. 16-17. (canceled) | 3,700 |
346,592 | 16,805,060 | 3,791 | An injection controller includes a control IC outputting an energization instruction signal to apply a peak current to a fuel injection valve (i.e., an instruction TQ), and a current monitor unit detecting an electric current flowing in the fuel injection valve. The control IC corrects an output OFF time of the energization instruction signal based on a difference between (i) an integrated current of an ideal current profile which serves as a target current before reaching the peak current and (ii) an integrated current of an energization current in the fuel injection valve detected by the current monitor unit (i.e., an effective TQ). | 1. An injection controller that injects fuel from a fuel injection valve, the injection controller comprising:
a control unit configured to output an energization instruction signal for applying a peak current to the fuel injection valve; and a current detector configured to detect an electric current flowing in the fuel injection valve, wherein the control unit corrects an output OFF time of the energization instruction signal based on a difference between (i) an integrated current of an ideal current profile serving as a target current before reaching the peak current and (ii) an integrated current of the detected current detected by the current detector. 2. The injection controller of claim 1, further comprising:
a reach time detection unit configured to detect a reach time of the detected current detected by the current detector for reaching a predetermined current threshold, wherein the control unit corrects the output OFF time based on the reach time and the predetermined current threshold. 3. The injection controller of claim 2, wherein
the control unit corrects the output OFF time of the energization instruction time with reference to a reference value of the energization instruction time determined based on the reach time. 4. The injection controller of claim 2, wherein
a peak current estimation unit is configured to estimate a peak current estimated value based on the reach time of the detected current for reaching the predetermined current threshold, wherein the control unit corrects the output OFF time of the energization instruction signal so that a post-correction integrated current after correction of the energization instruction signal based on the peak current estimated value becomes equal to the integrated current of the ideal current profile. 5. The injection controller of claim 1, wherein
the control unit corrects the output OFF time of the energization instruction signal based on a difference of the integrated currents up to a plurality of reach times for reaching a plurality of current thresholds. 6. The injection controller of claim 5, further comprising:
a peak current estimation unit configured to estimate a peak current estimated value based on the plurality of reach times of the detected current for reaching the plurality of current thresholds, wherein the control unit corrects the output OFF time of the energization instruction signal by calculating a correction time during a period from a reach time when the energization current of the fuel injection valve lastly reaches a current threshold among the plurality of the current thresholds to a subsequent reach time when the energization current of the fuel injection valve reaches the peak current estimated value. 7. The injection controller of claim 5, further comprising:
a peak current estimation unit configured to estimate a peak current estimated value based on the plurality of reach times of the detected current for reaching the plurality of current thresholds, wherein the control unit corrects the output OFF time of the energization instruction signal so that a post-correction integrated current after correction of the energization instruction signal based on the peak current estimated value becomes equal to the integrated current of the ideal current profile. 8. The injection controller of claim 1, wherein
the control unit determines whether the energization current of the fuel injection valve has reached the peak current of the ideal current profile, and switches a correction time of the output OFF time in a stepwise manner based on a determination result regarding the reaching of the peak current. 9. The injection controller of claim 1, wherein
the control unit determines whether a predetermined time has lapsed from an output of the energization instruction signal, and switches a correction time of the output OFF time in a stepwise manner based on a determination result regarding the lapse of the predetermined time. 10. The injection controller of claim 1, further comprising:
a boost voltage detection unit configured to detect a boost voltage applied to the fuel injection valve at an injection start timing, wherein the control unit compares the boost voltage detected by the boost voltage detection unit at the injection start timing with a boost voltage reference value, and performs correction on a condition that the detected boost voltage is lower than the boost voltage reference value or does not perform correction on a condition that the detected boost voltage is equal to or higher than the boost voltage reference value. 11. A method for injecting fuel from a fuel injection valve comprising:
outputting an energization instruction signal for applying a peak current to the fuel injection valve; detecting an electric current flowing in the fuel injection valve; and correcting an output OFF time of the energization instruction signal based on a difference between (i) an integrated current of an ideal current profile serving as a target current before reaching the peak current and (ii) an integrated current based on the detecting of the electric current. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
detecting a reach time of the electric current for reaching a predetermined current threshold based on the detecting of the electric current; and correcting the output OFF time based on the reach time and the predetermined current threshold. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
correcting the output OFF time of the energization instruction signal with reference to a reference value of the energization instruction time determined based on the reach time. | An injection controller includes a control IC outputting an energization instruction signal to apply a peak current to a fuel injection valve (i.e., an instruction TQ), and a current monitor unit detecting an electric current flowing in the fuel injection valve. The control IC corrects an output OFF time of the energization instruction signal based on a difference between (i) an integrated current of an ideal current profile which serves as a target current before reaching the peak current and (ii) an integrated current of an energization current in the fuel injection valve detected by the current monitor unit (i.e., an effective TQ).1. An injection controller that injects fuel from a fuel injection valve, the injection controller comprising:
a control unit configured to output an energization instruction signal for applying a peak current to the fuel injection valve; and a current detector configured to detect an electric current flowing in the fuel injection valve, wherein the control unit corrects an output OFF time of the energization instruction signal based on a difference between (i) an integrated current of an ideal current profile serving as a target current before reaching the peak current and (ii) an integrated current of the detected current detected by the current detector. 2. The injection controller of claim 1, further comprising:
a reach time detection unit configured to detect a reach time of the detected current detected by the current detector for reaching a predetermined current threshold, wherein the control unit corrects the output OFF time based on the reach time and the predetermined current threshold. 3. The injection controller of claim 2, wherein
the control unit corrects the output OFF time of the energization instruction time with reference to a reference value of the energization instruction time determined based on the reach time. 4. The injection controller of claim 2, wherein
a peak current estimation unit is configured to estimate a peak current estimated value based on the reach time of the detected current for reaching the predetermined current threshold, wherein the control unit corrects the output OFF time of the energization instruction signal so that a post-correction integrated current after correction of the energization instruction signal based on the peak current estimated value becomes equal to the integrated current of the ideal current profile. 5. The injection controller of claim 1, wherein
the control unit corrects the output OFF time of the energization instruction signal based on a difference of the integrated currents up to a plurality of reach times for reaching a plurality of current thresholds. 6. The injection controller of claim 5, further comprising:
a peak current estimation unit configured to estimate a peak current estimated value based on the plurality of reach times of the detected current for reaching the plurality of current thresholds, wherein the control unit corrects the output OFF time of the energization instruction signal by calculating a correction time during a period from a reach time when the energization current of the fuel injection valve lastly reaches a current threshold among the plurality of the current thresholds to a subsequent reach time when the energization current of the fuel injection valve reaches the peak current estimated value. 7. The injection controller of claim 5, further comprising:
a peak current estimation unit configured to estimate a peak current estimated value based on the plurality of reach times of the detected current for reaching the plurality of current thresholds, wherein the control unit corrects the output OFF time of the energization instruction signal so that a post-correction integrated current after correction of the energization instruction signal based on the peak current estimated value becomes equal to the integrated current of the ideal current profile. 8. The injection controller of claim 1, wherein
the control unit determines whether the energization current of the fuel injection valve has reached the peak current of the ideal current profile, and switches a correction time of the output OFF time in a stepwise manner based on a determination result regarding the reaching of the peak current. 9. The injection controller of claim 1, wherein
the control unit determines whether a predetermined time has lapsed from an output of the energization instruction signal, and switches a correction time of the output OFF time in a stepwise manner based on a determination result regarding the lapse of the predetermined time. 10. The injection controller of claim 1, further comprising:
a boost voltage detection unit configured to detect a boost voltage applied to the fuel injection valve at an injection start timing, wherein the control unit compares the boost voltage detected by the boost voltage detection unit at the injection start timing with a boost voltage reference value, and performs correction on a condition that the detected boost voltage is lower than the boost voltage reference value or does not perform correction on a condition that the detected boost voltage is equal to or higher than the boost voltage reference value. 11. A method for injecting fuel from a fuel injection valve comprising:
outputting an energization instruction signal for applying a peak current to the fuel injection valve; detecting an electric current flowing in the fuel injection valve; and correcting an output OFF time of the energization instruction signal based on a difference between (i) an integrated current of an ideal current profile serving as a target current before reaching the peak current and (ii) an integrated current based on the detecting of the electric current. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
detecting a reach time of the electric current for reaching a predetermined current threshold based on the detecting of the electric current; and correcting the output OFF time based on the reach time and the predetermined current threshold. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
correcting the output OFF time of the energization instruction signal with reference to a reference value of the energization instruction time determined based on the reach time. | 3,700 |
346,593 | 16,805,008 | 3,791 | Systems for generating enhanced biometric data and using enhanced biometric data to process events are provided. A system may receive a request for enhanced biometric data from a first user and may extract details associated with the request. Based on the identity of the first user and the extracted details, a user profile may be selected from a plurality of user profiles associated with the first user. The user profile may include biometric data of the first user, predetermined limits on types of events to be processed, amounts, and the like. The system may generate enhanced biometric data based on the user profile and may transmit the enhanced biometric data to a computing device of a second user. The second user may then provide the enhanced biometric data when requesting to process an event. The system may evaluate the enhanced biometric data to determine whether it matches pre-stored biometric data and whether the event details are within the limits associated with the user profile from which the enhanced biometric data was generated. If so, the event may be processed. | 1. A computing platform, comprising:
at least one processor; a communication interface communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing platform to:
receive user input requesting enhanced biometric data, the user input including additional information associated with the request including at least a time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and types of events for processing;
identify, based on the user input, a user associated with the request;
identify, from a plurality of user profiles associated with the user and based on the additional information and the identified user associated with the request, a user profile of the identified user;
retrieve, from a database storing the plurality of user profiles, the identified user profile;
generate, based on the user profile, the enhanced biometric data of the user, the enhanced biometric data including biometric data of the identified user and additional, machine readable information indicating one or more limits on use of the enhanced biometric data, the one or more limits including at least the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and the types of events for processing; and
transmit the generated enhanced biometric data of the user to a computing device. 2. The computing platform of claim 1, further including instructions that, when executed, cause the computing platform to:
cause the computing device to generate an enhanced biometric data output. 3. The computing platform of claim 2, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an adhesive device including the enhanced biometric data of the user. 4. The computing platform of claim 2, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an image projected by the computing device and including the enhanced biometric data of the user. 5. The computing platform of claim 2, further including instructions that, when executed, cause the computing platform to:
determine whether a triggering event has occurred; responsive to determining that a triggering event has occurred, deactivating the enhanced biometric data of the user; and responsive to determining that a triggering event has not occurred, maintaining the enhanced biometric data of the user as activated. 6. The computing platform of claim 5, wherein the triggering event includes one of: expiration of the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active or a threshold number of uses of the enhanced biometric data of the user being reached. 7. The computing platform of claim 1, wherein the plurality of user profiles each include one or more different predetermined limits on use of the enhanced biometric data generated based on a respective user profile. 8. A method, comprising:
at a computing platform comprising at least one processor, memory, and a communication interface:
receiving, by the at least one processor and via the communication interface, user input requesting enhanced biometric data, the user input including additional information associated with the request including at least a time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and types of events for processing;
identifying, by the at least one processor and based on the user input, the user associated with the request;
identify, by the at least one processor and from a plurality of user profiles associated with the user and based on the additional information and the identified user associated with the request, a user profile of the identified user;
retrieving, from a database storing the plurality of user profiles, the identified user profile;
generating, by the at least one processor and based on the user profile, the enhanced biometric data of the user, the enhanced biometric data including biometric data of the identified user and additional, machine readable information indicating one or more limits on use of the enhanced biometric data, the one or more limits including at least the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and the types of events for processing; and
transmitting, by the at least one processor and via the communication interface, the generated enhanced biometric data of the user to a computing device. 9. The method of claim 8, further including causing, by the at least one processor, the computing device to generate an enhanced biometric data output. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an adhesive device including the enhanced biometric data of the user. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an image projected by the computing device and including the enhanced biometric data of the user. 12. The method of claim 9, further including:
determine whether a triggering event has occurred; and responsive to determining that a triggering event has occurred, deactivating the enhanced biometric data of the user. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the triggering event includes one of: expiration of the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be activated or a threshold number of uses of the enhanced biometric data of the user being reached. 14. The method of claim 9, further including:
determining whether a triggering event has occurred; and responsive to determining that a triggering event has not occurred, maintaining the enhanced biometric data of the user as activated. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of user profiles each include one or more different predetermined limits on use of the enhanced biometric data generated based on a respective user profile. 16. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that,
when executed by a computing platform comprising at least one processor, memory, and a communication interface, cause the computing platform to:
receive user input requesting enhanced biometric data, the user input including additional information associated with the request including at least a time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and types of events for processing;
identify, based on the user input, the user associated with the request;
retrieve, from a plurality of user profiles associated with the user and based on the additional information and the identified user associated with the request, a user profile of the identified user;
retrieve, from a database storing the plurality of user profiles, the identified user profile;
generate, based on the user profile, the enhanced biometric data of the user, the enhanced biometric data including biometric data of the identified user and additional, machine readable information indicating one or more limits on use of the enhanced biometric data, the one or more limits including at least the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and the types of events for processing; and
transmit the generated enhanced biometric data of the user to a computing device. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 16, further including instructions that, when executed, cause the computing platform to:
cause the computing device to generate an enhanced biometric data output. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an adhesive device including the enhanced biometric data of the user. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an image projected by the computing device and including the enhanced biometric data of the first user. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17, further including instructions that, when executed, cause the computing platform to:
determine whether a triggering event has occurred; responsive to determining that a triggering event has occurred, deactivating the enhanced biometric data of the user; and responsive to determining that a triggering event has not occurred, maintaining the enhanced biometric data of the user as activated. 21. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 20, wherein the triggering event includes one of: expiration of the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active or a threshold number of uses of the enhanced biometric data of the user being reached. 22. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 16, wherein the plurality of user profiles each include one or more different predetermined limits on use of the enhanced biometric data generated based on a respective user profile. | Systems for generating enhanced biometric data and using enhanced biometric data to process events are provided. A system may receive a request for enhanced biometric data from a first user and may extract details associated with the request. Based on the identity of the first user and the extracted details, a user profile may be selected from a plurality of user profiles associated with the first user. The user profile may include biometric data of the first user, predetermined limits on types of events to be processed, amounts, and the like. The system may generate enhanced biometric data based on the user profile and may transmit the enhanced biometric data to a computing device of a second user. The second user may then provide the enhanced biometric data when requesting to process an event. The system may evaluate the enhanced biometric data to determine whether it matches pre-stored biometric data and whether the event details are within the limits associated with the user profile from which the enhanced biometric data was generated. If so, the event may be processed.1. A computing platform, comprising:
at least one processor; a communication interface communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; and memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the computing platform to:
receive user input requesting enhanced biometric data, the user input including additional information associated with the request including at least a time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and types of events for processing;
identify, based on the user input, a user associated with the request;
identify, from a plurality of user profiles associated with the user and based on the additional information and the identified user associated with the request, a user profile of the identified user;
retrieve, from a database storing the plurality of user profiles, the identified user profile;
generate, based on the user profile, the enhanced biometric data of the user, the enhanced biometric data including biometric data of the identified user and additional, machine readable information indicating one or more limits on use of the enhanced biometric data, the one or more limits including at least the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and the types of events for processing; and
transmit the generated enhanced biometric data of the user to a computing device. 2. The computing platform of claim 1, further including instructions that, when executed, cause the computing platform to:
cause the computing device to generate an enhanced biometric data output. 3. The computing platform of claim 2, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an adhesive device including the enhanced biometric data of the user. 4. The computing platform of claim 2, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an image projected by the computing device and including the enhanced biometric data of the user. 5. The computing platform of claim 2, further including instructions that, when executed, cause the computing platform to:
determine whether a triggering event has occurred; responsive to determining that a triggering event has occurred, deactivating the enhanced biometric data of the user; and responsive to determining that a triggering event has not occurred, maintaining the enhanced biometric data of the user as activated. 6. The computing platform of claim 5, wherein the triggering event includes one of: expiration of the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active or a threshold number of uses of the enhanced biometric data of the user being reached. 7. The computing platform of claim 1, wherein the plurality of user profiles each include one or more different predetermined limits on use of the enhanced biometric data generated based on a respective user profile. 8. A method, comprising:
at a computing platform comprising at least one processor, memory, and a communication interface:
receiving, by the at least one processor and via the communication interface, user input requesting enhanced biometric data, the user input including additional information associated with the request including at least a time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and types of events for processing;
identifying, by the at least one processor and based on the user input, the user associated with the request;
identify, by the at least one processor and from a plurality of user profiles associated with the user and based on the additional information and the identified user associated with the request, a user profile of the identified user;
retrieving, from a database storing the plurality of user profiles, the identified user profile;
generating, by the at least one processor and based on the user profile, the enhanced biometric data of the user, the enhanced biometric data including biometric data of the identified user and additional, machine readable information indicating one or more limits on use of the enhanced biometric data, the one or more limits including at least the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and the types of events for processing; and
transmitting, by the at least one processor and via the communication interface, the generated enhanced biometric data of the user to a computing device. 9. The method of claim 8, further including causing, by the at least one processor, the computing device to generate an enhanced biometric data output. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an adhesive device including the enhanced biometric data of the user. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an image projected by the computing device and including the enhanced biometric data of the user. 12. The method of claim 9, further including:
determine whether a triggering event has occurred; and responsive to determining that a triggering event has occurred, deactivating the enhanced biometric data of the user. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the triggering event includes one of: expiration of the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be activated or a threshold number of uses of the enhanced biometric data of the user being reached. 14. The method of claim 9, further including:
determining whether a triggering event has occurred; and responsive to determining that a triggering event has not occurred, maintaining the enhanced biometric data of the user as activated. 15. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of user profiles each include one or more different predetermined limits on use of the enhanced biometric data generated based on a respective user profile. 16. One or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing instructions that,
when executed by a computing platform comprising at least one processor, memory, and a communication interface, cause the computing platform to:
receive user input requesting enhanced biometric data, the user input including additional information associated with the request including at least a time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and types of events for processing;
identify, based on the user input, the user associated with the request;
retrieve, from a plurality of user profiles associated with the user and based on the additional information and the identified user associated with the request, a user profile of the identified user;
retrieve, from a database storing the plurality of user profiles, the identified user profile;
generate, based on the user profile, the enhanced biometric data of the user, the enhanced biometric data including biometric data of the identified user and additional, machine readable information indicating one or more limits on use of the enhanced biometric data, the one or more limits including at least the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active and the types of events for processing; and
transmit the generated enhanced biometric data of the user to a computing device. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 16, further including instructions that, when executed, cause the computing platform to:
cause the computing device to generate an enhanced biometric data output. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an adhesive device including the enhanced biometric data of the user. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17, wherein the enhanced biometric data output includes an image projected by the computing device and including the enhanced biometric data of the first user. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17, further including instructions that, when executed, cause the computing platform to:
determine whether a triggering event has occurred; responsive to determining that a triggering event has occurred, deactivating the enhanced biometric data of the user; and responsive to determining that a triggering event has not occurred, maintaining the enhanced biometric data of the user as activated. 21. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 20, wherein the triggering event includes one of: expiration of the time period for which the enhanced biometric data will be active or a threshold number of uses of the enhanced biometric data of the user being reached. 22. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 16, wherein the plurality of user profiles each include one or more different predetermined limits on use of the enhanced biometric data generated based on a respective user profile. | 3,700 |
346,594 | 16,805,041 | 3,791 | Messaging between an ultra-tag and external microcontroller. In an embodiment, a transmitting device is communicatively connected to a receiving device by a clear-to-communicate line and request line. When data to be transmitted has normal priority, the transmitting device detects whether the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, indicates a request to transmit on the request line if so, waits until the receiving device is available and then indicates a request to transmit on the request line if not, after indicating a request to transmit, transmits the data when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, and, after transmitting the data, releases the indication of the request to transmit on the request line. On the other hand, when the data has high priority, the transmitting device indicates a request to transmit on the request line, regardless of an indication on the clear-to-communicate line. | 1. A method comprising using at least one hardware processor of a transmitting device that is communicatively connected to a receiving device by at least a clear-to-communicate line and a request line:
acquire data to be transmitted to the receiving device; when the data is associated with a normal priority,
detect whether the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, wait until the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and then indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, release the indication of the request to transmit on the request line; and,
when the data is associated with a high priority,
indicate a request to transmit on the request line, regardless of an indication on the clear-to-communicate line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, release the indication of the request to transmit on the request line. 2. A system comprising:
the clear-to-communicate line between a transmitting device and a receiving device; a request line between the transmitting device and the receiving device; and a transmitting device communicatively connected to the receiving device by at least the clear-to-communicate line and the request line, wherein the transmitting device comprises at least one hardware processor configured to
acquire data to be transmitted to the receiving device,
when the data is associated with a normal priority,
detect whether the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, wait until the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and then indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, releasing the indication of the request to transmit on the request line, and,
when the data is associated with a high priority,
indicate a request to transmit on the request line, regardless of an indication on the clear-to-communicate line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, release the indication of the request to transmit on the request line. 3. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored therein, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor of a transmitting device that is communicatively connected to a receiving device by at least a clear-to-communicate line and a request line, cause the processor to:
acquire data to be transmitted to the receiving device; when the data is associated with a normal priority,
detect whether the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, wait until the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and then indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, releasing the indication of the request to transmit on the request line; and,
when the data is associated with a high priority,
indicate a request to transmit on the request line, regardless of an indication on the clear-to-communicate line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, release the indication of the request to transmit on the request line. 4.-11. (canceled) | Messaging between an ultra-tag and external microcontroller. In an embodiment, a transmitting device is communicatively connected to a receiving device by a clear-to-communicate line and request line. When data to be transmitted has normal priority, the transmitting device detects whether the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, indicates a request to transmit on the request line if so, waits until the receiving device is available and then indicates a request to transmit on the request line if not, after indicating a request to transmit, transmits the data when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, and, after transmitting the data, releases the indication of the request to transmit on the request line. On the other hand, when the data has high priority, the transmitting device indicates a request to transmit on the request line, regardless of an indication on the clear-to-communicate line.1. A method comprising using at least one hardware processor of a transmitting device that is communicatively connected to a receiving device by at least a clear-to-communicate line and a request line:
acquire data to be transmitted to the receiving device; when the data is associated with a normal priority,
detect whether the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, wait until the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and then indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, release the indication of the request to transmit on the request line; and,
when the data is associated with a high priority,
indicate a request to transmit on the request line, regardless of an indication on the clear-to-communicate line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, release the indication of the request to transmit on the request line. 2. A system comprising:
the clear-to-communicate line between a transmitting device and a receiving device; a request line between the transmitting device and the receiving device; and a transmitting device communicatively connected to the receiving device by at least the clear-to-communicate line and the request line, wherein the transmitting device comprises at least one hardware processor configured to
acquire data to be transmitted to the receiving device,
when the data is associated with a normal priority,
detect whether the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, wait until the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and then indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, releasing the indication of the request to transmit on the request line, and,
when the data is associated with a high priority,
indicate a request to transmit on the request line, regardless of an indication on the clear-to-communicate line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, release the indication of the request to transmit on the request line. 3. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored therein, wherein the instructions, when executed by a processor of a transmitting device that is communicatively connected to a receiving device by at least a clear-to-communicate line and a request line, cause the processor to:
acquire data to be transmitted to the receiving device; when the data is associated with a normal priority,
detect whether the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
if the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, wait until the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and then indicate a request to transmit on the request line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is unavailable, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, releasing the indication of the request to transmit on the request line; and,
when the data is associated with a high priority,
indicate a request to transmit on the request line, regardless of an indication on the clear-to-communicate line,
after indicating a request to transmit on the request line, transmit the data to the receiving device when the clear-to-communicate line indicates that the receiving device is available, and,
after transmitting the data to the receiving device, release the indication of the request to transmit on the request line. 4.-11. (canceled) | 3,700 |
346,595 | 16,805,019 | 3,791 | In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for personalizing machine learning models for users of an automated machine learning system, the machine learning models being generated by an automated machine learning system. The method includes obtaining a first set of datasets for training first, second, and third neural networks, inputting the training datasets to the neural networks, tuning hyperparameters for the first, second, and third neural networks for testing and training the neural networks, inputting a second set of datasets to the trained neural networks and the third neural network generating a third output data including a relevance score for each of the users for each of the machine learning models, and displaying a list of machine learning models associated with each of the users, with each of the machine learning models showing the relevance score. | 1. A computer-implemented method for personalizing machine learning models for at least one user of an automated machine learning system, the machine learning models being generated by the automated machine learning system, the method comprising:
obtaining a first user profile dataset for training a first neural network, the first user profile dataset containing data related to the at least one user; obtaining a first model profile dataset for training a second neural network, the first model profile dataset containing one or more attributes related to the machine learning models; obtaining a user-model relationship dataset for training a third neural network; inputting, for training the first neural network, the first user profile dataset to the first neural network, the first neural network generating a first training output data; inputting, for training the second neural network, the first model profile dataset to the second neural network, the second neural network generating a second training output data; inputting, for training the third neural network, the first training output data and the second training output data to an input layer of the third neural network; inputting, for training the third neural network, the user-model relationship dataset to an output layer of the third neural network; tuning hyperparameters for the first, second, and third neural networks for testing and training the neural networks; once the first, second and third neural networks are trained, inputting a second user profile dataset to the trained first neural network, the trained first neural network generating a first output data; inputting a second model profile dataset to the trained second neural network, the trained second neural network generating a second output data; inputting the first output data and the second output data to the trained third neural network, the trained third neural network generating a third output data, the third output data including a relevance score for each of the users for each of the machine learning models; and displaying a list of machine learning models associated with the at least one user, with each of the machine learning models showing the relevance score. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first user profile dataset, the first user profile dataset, and the user-model relationship dataset are training datasets used during a training phase. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second user profile dataset and the second model profile dataset are datasets used during a prediction phase. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second user profile dataset includes data that is not included in the first user profile dataset. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second model profile dataset includes data that is not included in the first model profile dataset. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the user's action taken on each of the machine learning models includes “no action taken”, “deployed model”, “improve model” and “view details of model”. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the hyperparameters comprise at least one of a number of iterations, a learning rate and a number of hidden layers in a neural network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the relevance score is a numeric value that represents a relationship between each of a plurality of users of the automated machine learning system and each of the machine learning models generated by the automated machine learning system. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the machine learning models comprises at least one statistical algorithm. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the user-model relationship dataset comprises gathering historical data related to each of the user's actions performed on each of the machine learning models previously generated by the automated machine learning system. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the first model profile dataset comprises gathering data related to all of the user's machine learning models previously generated by the automated machine learning system. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein tuning the hyperparameters comprises optimizing the hyperparameters of each of the first, second, and third neural networks to achieve a desired behavior for each of the neural networks. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising setting different values for each of the hyperparameters, the different values defining higher level concepts relating to the first, second and third neural networks, wherein optimizing the hyperparameters is as a function of the different values set for each of the hyperparameters. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the higher level concepts relating to the first, second and third neural networks comprise at least one of complexity and capacity to learn. 15. A system for personalizing machine learning models for one or more users of an automated machine learning system, the machine learning models generated by the automated machine learning system, the system comprising:
memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, the at least one processor be configured to implement:
a first neural network, the first neural network trained to classify the users and to produce a first output data based on the classification of the users;
a second neural network, the second neural network trained to classify the machine learning models and produce a second output data based on the classification of the machine learning models; and
a third neural network, the neural network trained to predict a relevance score based on the first output data and the second output data. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the relevance score is a numeric value that provides a relationship between each of the users and each of the machine learning models generated by the automated machine learning system. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein each of the first, second, and third neural networks includes a plurality of processing nodes, an input layer with a plurality of input nodes, at least one hidden layer with a plurality of hidden layer nodes, and an output layer with at least one output node. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein each of the machine learning models comprises at least one statistical algorithm. 19. A method of providing a personalized artificial intelligence model for at least one user of an automated machine learning system, the method comprising:
receiving, by a computing device, a dataset for analysis; retrieving, by the computing device, a user history for the at least one user, the user history indicating a historical selection of one or more artificial intelligence models; generating, by the computing device, a personalized list of machine learning models for the dataset based at least in part on the historical selection of the one or more artificial intelligence models; and presenting, by the computing device, the personalized list of machine learning models via a user interface. | In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a method is provided for personalizing machine learning models for users of an automated machine learning system, the machine learning models being generated by an automated machine learning system. The method includes obtaining a first set of datasets for training first, second, and third neural networks, inputting the training datasets to the neural networks, tuning hyperparameters for the first, second, and third neural networks for testing and training the neural networks, inputting a second set of datasets to the trained neural networks and the third neural network generating a third output data including a relevance score for each of the users for each of the machine learning models, and displaying a list of machine learning models associated with each of the users, with each of the machine learning models showing the relevance score.1. A computer-implemented method for personalizing machine learning models for at least one user of an automated machine learning system, the machine learning models being generated by the automated machine learning system, the method comprising:
obtaining a first user profile dataset for training a first neural network, the first user profile dataset containing data related to the at least one user; obtaining a first model profile dataset for training a second neural network, the first model profile dataset containing one or more attributes related to the machine learning models; obtaining a user-model relationship dataset for training a third neural network; inputting, for training the first neural network, the first user profile dataset to the first neural network, the first neural network generating a first training output data; inputting, for training the second neural network, the first model profile dataset to the second neural network, the second neural network generating a second training output data; inputting, for training the third neural network, the first training output data and the second training output data to an input layer of the third neural network; inputting, for training the third neural network, the user-model relationship dataset to an output layer of the third neural network; tuning hyperparameters for the first, second, and third neural networks for testing and training the neural networks; once the first, second and third neural networks are trained, inputting a second user profile dataset to the trained first neural network, the trained first neural network generating a first output data; inputting a second model profile dataset to the trained second neural network, the trained second neural network generating a second output data; inputting the first output data and the second output data to the trained third neural network, the trained third neural network generating a third output data, the third output data including a relevance score for each of the users for each of the machine learning models; and displaying a list of machine learning models associated with the at least one user, with each of the machine learning models showing the relevance score. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first user profile dataset, the first user profile dataset, and the user-model relationship dataset are training datasets used during a training phase. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second user profile dataset and the second model profile dataset are datasets used during a prediction phase. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second user profile dataset includes data that is not included in the first user profile dataset. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second model profile dataset includes data that is not included in the first model profile dataset. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the user's action taken on each of the machine learning models includes “no action taken”, “deployed model”, “improve model” and “view details of model”. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the hyperparameters comprise at least one of a number of iterations, a learning rate and a number of hidden layers in a neural network. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the relevance score is a numeric value that represents a relationship between each of a plurality of users of the automated machine learning system and each of the machine learning models generated by the automated machine learning system. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the machine learning models comprises at least one statistical algorithm. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the user-model relationship dataset comprises gathering historical data related to each of the user's actions performed on each of the machine learning models previously generated by the automated machine learning system. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the first model profile dataset comprises gathering data related to all of the user's machine learning models previously generated by the automated machine learning system. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein tuning the hyperparameters comprises optimizing the hyperparameters of each of the first, second, and third neural networks to achieve a desired behavior for each of the neural networks. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising setting different values for each of the hyperparameters, the different values defining higher level concepts relating to the first, second and third neural networks, wherein optimizing the hyperparameters is as a function of the different values set for each of the hyperparameters. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the higher level concepts relating to the first, second and third neural networks comprise at least one of complexity and capacity to learn. 15. A system for personalizing machine learning models for one or more users of an automated machine learning system, the machine learning models generated by the automated machine learning system, the system comprising:
memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, the at least one processor be configured to implement:
a first neural network, the first neural network trained to classify the users and to produce a first output data based on the classification of the users;
a second neural network, the second neural network trained to classify the machine learning models and produce a second output data based on the classification of the machine learning models; and
a third neural network, the neural network trained to predict a relevance score based on the first output data and the second output data. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the relevance score is a numeric value that provides a relationship between each of the users and each of the machine learning models generated by the automated machine learning system. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein each of the first, second, and third neural networks includes a plurality of processing nodes, an input layer with a plurality of input nodes, at least one hidden layer with a plurality of hidden layer nodes, and an output layer with at least one output node. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein each of the machine learning models comprises at least one statistical algorithm. 19. A method of providing a personalized artificial intelligence model for at least one user of an automated machine learning system, the method comprising:
receiving, by a computing device, a dataset for analysis; retrieving, by the computing device, a user history for the at least one user, the user history indicating a historical selection of one or more artificial intelligence models; generating, by the computing device, a personalized list of machine learning models for the dataset based at least in part on the historical selection of the one or more artificial intelligence models; and presenting, by the computing device, the personalized list of machine learning models via a user interface. | 3,700 |
346,596 | 16,805,050 | 3,791 | Methods and systems for file level prioritization during a data backup operation are described. According to some embodiments, the method includes in response to a request to backup one or more files and for each file, sniffing file information of the file. The method further includes determining a backup critical level of the file based on the file information. The method further includes assigning a weighted value corresponding to the backup critical level of the file. The method further includes using the weighted value to calculate a Euclidean distance of the file to a next consecutive file. | 1. A computer-implemented method for file level prioritization during a data backup operation, comprising:
in response to a request to backup one or more files and for each file,
sniffing file information of the file;
determining a backup critical level of the file based on the file information;
assigning a weighted value corresponding to the backup critical level of the file; and
using the weighted value to calculate a Euclidean distance of the file to a next consecutive file. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the file information and the backup critical level of each file in a thesis file. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising sorting the one or more files based on the calculated Euclidean distance of each file. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein using the weighted value to calculate the Euclidean distance of the file comprises obtaining a dot product of the weighted value and a sequence of the file in a queue. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein sorting the one or more files comprises selecting a nearest and most critical file to be backed up based on the calculated Euclidean distance of the nearest and most critical file to a current file. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the file information comprises a file type or a filename. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising backing up the sorted one or more files in accordance with the respective Euclidean distances of the sorted one or more files. 8. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
in response to a request to backup one or more files and for each file,
sniffing file information of the file;
determining a backup critical level of the file based on the file information;
assigning a weighted value corresponding to the backup critical level of the file; and
using the weighted value to calculate a Euclidean distance of the file to a next consecutive file. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise storing the file information and the backup critical level of each file in a thesis file. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise sorting the one or more files based on the calculated Euclidean distance of each file. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein using the weighted value to calculate the Euclidean distance of the file comprises obtaining a dot product of the weighted value and a sequence of the file in a queue. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein sorting the one or more files comprises selecting a nearest and most critical file to be backed up based on the calculated Euclidean distance of the nearest and most critical file to a current file. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the file information comprises a file type or a filename. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise backing up the sorted one or more files in accordance with the respective Euclidean distances of the sorted one or more files. 15. A data processing system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to store instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations including: in response to a request to backup one or more files and for each file,
sniffing file information of the file;
determining a backup critical level of the file based on the file information;
assigning a weighted value corresponding to the backup critical level of the file; and
using the weighted value to calculate a Euclidean distance of the file to a next consecutive file. 16. The data processing system of claim 15, wherein the operations further include storing the file information and the backup critical level of each file in a thesis file. 17. The data processing system of claim 16, wherein the operations further include sorting the one or more files based on the calculated Euclidean distance of each file. 18. The data processing system of claim 15, wherein using the weighted value to calculate the Euclidean distance of the file comprises obtaining a dot product of the weighted value and a sequence of the file in a queue. 19. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein sorting the one or more files comprises selecting a nearest and most critical file to be backed up based on the calculated Euclidean distance of the nearest and most critical file to a current file. 20. The data processing system of claim 15, wherein the file information comprises a file type or a filename. 21. The data processing system of claim 19, wherein the operations further include backing up the sorted one or more files in accordance with the respective Euclidean distances of the sorted one or more files. | Methods and systems for file level prioritization during a data backup operation are described. According to some embodiments, the method includes in response to a request to backup one or more files and for each file, sniffing file information of the file. The method further includes determining a backup critical level of the file based on the file information. The method further includes assigning a weighted value corresponding to the backup critical level of the file. The method further includes using the weighted value to calculate a Euclidean distance of the file to a next consecutive file.1. A computer-implemented method for file level prioritization during a data backup operation, comprising:
in response to a request to backup one or more files and for each file,
sniffing file information of the file;
determining a backup critical level of the file based on the file information;
assigning a weighted value corresponding to the backup critical level of the file; and
using the weighted value to calculate a Euclidean distance of the file to a next consecutive file. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the file information and the backup critical level of each file in a thesis file. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising sorting the one or more files based on the calculated Euclidean distance of each file. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein using the weighted value to calculate the Euclidean distance of the file comprises obtaining a dot product of the weighted value and a sequence of the file in a queue. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein sorting the one or more files comprises selecting a nearest and most critical file to be backed up based on the calculated Euclidean distance of the nearest and most critical file to a current file. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the file information comprises a file type or a filename. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising backing up the sorted one or more files in accordance with the respective Euclidean distances of the sorted one or more files. 8. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
in response to a request to backup one or more files and for each file,
sniffing file information of the file;
determining a backup critical level of the file based on the file information;
assigning a weighted value corresponding to the backup critical level of the file; and
using the weighted value to calculate a Euclidean distance of the file to a next consecutive file. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise storing the file information and the backup critical level of each file in a thesis file. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise sorting the one or more files based on the calculated Euclidean distance of each file. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein using the weighted value to calculate the Euclidean distance of the file comprises obtaining a dot product of the weighted value and a sequence of the file in a queue. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein sorting the one or more files comprises selecting a nearest and most critical file to be backed up based on the calculated Euclidean distance of the nearest and most critical file to a current file. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the file information comprises a file type or a filename. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise backing up the sorted one or more files in accordance with the respective Euclidean distances of the sorted one or more files. 15. A data processing system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor to store instructions, which when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations, the operations including: in response to a request to backup one or more files and for each file,
sniffing file information of the file;
determining a backup critical level of the file based on the file information;
assigning a weighted value corresponding to the backup critical level of the file; and
using the weighted value to calculate a Euclidean distance of the file to a next consecutive file. 16. The data processing system of claim 15, wherein the operations further include storing the file information and the backup critical level of each file in a thesis file. 17. The data processing system of claim 16, wherein the operations further include sorting the one or more files based on the calculated Euclidean distance of each file. 18. The data processing system of claim 15, wherein using the weighted value to calculate the Euclidean distance of the file comprises obtaining a dot product of the weighted value and a sequence of the file in a queue. 19. The data processing system of claim 17, wherein sorting the one or more files comprises selecting a nearest and most critical file to be backed up based on the calculated Euclidean distance of the nearest and most critical file to a current file. 20. The data processing system of claim 15, wherein the file information comprises a file type or a filename. 21. The data processing system of claim 19, wherein the operations further include backing up the sorted one or more files in accordance with the respective Euclidean distances of the sorted one or more files. | 3,700 |
346,597 | 16,805,069 | 3,791 | A leveling machine is automatically adjustable. A plurality of blank conditions are presented at a user interface. A selection of a first blank condition is received at the user interface. An arrangement of the rollers is determined based on the selection of the first blank condition. The rollers are moved based on the determined arrangement. | 1. A method of automatically adjusting operational parameters of a leveling machine including a plurality of rollers, the method comprising:
presenting, at a user interface, a plurality of blank conditions; receiving, at the user interface, a selection of a first blank condition of the plurality of blank conditions; determining an arrangement of the plurality of rollers based on the selection of the first blank condition; and moving the plurality of rollers based on the determined arrangement. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
presenting, at the user interface, a plurality of blank condition severities; and receiving, at the user interface, a selection of a first blank condition severity of the plurality of blank condition severities, wherein the arrangement is determined based on the selection of the first blank condition. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising determining an adjustment of the arrangement associated with the selection of the first blank condition. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining one or more features associated with a work material, wherein the arrangement is determined based on the one or more features associated with the work material. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a position of the plurality of rollers; and presenting, at the user interface, the position of the plurality of rollers. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising actuating one or more servomotors to move one or more beams coupled to the plurality of rollers for moving the plurality of rollers. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising rotating the plurality of rollers using a timing belt to move the work material. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising presenting, at the user interface, one or more parameters associated with the arrangement. 9. A system comprising:
a roller assembly including a plurality of rollers; and a control unit configured to present, at a user interface, a plurality of blank conditions, receive, at the user interface, first user input associated with a first blank condition of the plurality of blank conditions, determine an arrangement of the plurality of rollers based on the first blank condition, and communicate with the roller assembly to move the plurality of rollers based on the arrangement. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the control unit is configured to present, at the user interface, a plurality of blank condition severities, and receive, at the user interface, second user input associated with a first blank condition severity of the plurality of blank condition severities, wherein the arrangement is determined based on the first blank condition severity. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the control unit is configured to determine an adjustment of the arrangement associated with the first blank condition severity. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the control unit is configured to receive, at the user interface, second user input associated with one or more features of a work material, wherein the arrangement is determined based on the one or more features associated with the work material. 13. The system of claim 9, further comprising one or more sensor units, wherein the control unit is configured to communicate with the one or more sensor units to determine a position of the plurality of rollers and present, at the user interface, the position of the plurality of rollers. 14. The system of claim 9 further comprising one or more servomotors, wherein the roller assembly includes one or more beams coupled to the plurality of rollers, and the control unit is configured to actuate the one or more servomotors to move the one or more beams. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the roller assembly includes a timing belt configured to rotate the plurality of rollers. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the control unit is configured to present, at the user interface, one or more parameters associated with the arrangement. 17. A control unit comprising:
an interface component configured to present a plurality of blank conditions and receive first user input associated with a first blank condition of the plurality of blank conditions; and a servo component configured to determine an arrangement of a plurality of rollers based on the first blank condition, and move the plurality of rollers based on the arrangement. 18. The control unit of claim 17, wherein the interface component is configured to present a plurality of blank condition severities and receive second user input associated with a first blank condition severity of the plurality of blank condition severities, wherein the servo component is configured to adjust the arrangement of the plurality of rollers based on the first blank condition. 19. The control unit of claim 17, wherein the interface component is configured to receive second user input associated with one or more features of a work material, wherein the servo component is configured to adjust the arrangement of the plurality of rollers based on the one or more features of the work material. 20. The control unit of claim 17, wherein the servo component is configured to actuate one or more servomotors to move one or more beams coupled to the plurality of rollers for moving the plurality of rollers. | A leveling machine is automatically adjustable. A plurality of blank conditions are presented at a user interface. A selection of a first blank condition is received at the user interface. An arrangement of the rollers is determined based on the selection of the first blank condition. The rollers are moved based on the determined arrangement.1. A method of automatically adjusting operational parameters of a leveling machine including a plurality of rollers, the method comprising:
presenting, at a user interface, a plurality of blank conditions; receiving, at the user interface, a selection of a first blank condition of the plurality of blank conditions; determining an arrangement of the plurality of rollers based on the selection of the first blank condition; and moving the plurality of rollers based on the determined arrangement. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
presenting, at the user interface, a plurality of blank condition severities; and receiving, at the user interface, a selection of a first blank condition severity of the plurality of blank condition severities, wherein the arrangement is determined based on the selection of the first blank condition. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising determining an adjustment of the arrangement associated with the selection of the first blank condition. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining one or more features associated with a work material, wherein the arrangement is determined based on the one or more features associated with the work material. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining a position of the plurality of rollers; and presenting, at the user interface, the position of the plurality of rollers. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising actuating one or more servomotors to move one or more beams coupled to the plurality of rollers for moving the plurality of rollers. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising rotating the plurality of rollers using a timing belt to move the work material. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising presenting, at the user interface, one or more parameters associated with the arrangement. 9. A system comprising:
a roller assembly including a plurality of rollers; and a control unit configured to present, at a user interface, a plurality of blank conditions, receive, at the user interface, first user input associated with a first blank condition of the plurality of blank conditions, determine an arrangement of the plurality of rollers based on the first blank condition, and communicate with the roller assembly to move the plurality of rollers based on the arrangement. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the control unit is configured to present, at the user interface, a plurality of blank condition severities, and receive, at the user interface, second user input associated with a first blank condition severity of the plurality of blank condition severities, wherein the arrangement is determined based on the first blank condition severity. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the control unit is configured to determine an adjustment of the arrangement associated with the first blank condition severity. 12. The system of claim 9, wherein the control unit is configured to receive, at the user interface, second user input associated with one or more features of a work material, wherein the arrangement is determined based on the one or more features associated with the work material. 13. The system of claim 9, further comprising one or more sensor units, wherein the control unit is configured to communicate with the one or more sensor units to determine a position of the plurality of rollers and present, at the user interface, the position of the plurality of rollers. 14. The system of claim 9 further comprising one or more servomotors, wherein the roller assembly includes one or more beams coupled to the plurality of rollers, and the control unit is configured to actuate the one or more servomotors to move the one or more beams. 15. The system of claim 9, wherein the roller assembly includes a timing belt configured to rotate the plurality of rollers. 16. The system of claim 9, wherein the control unit is configured to present, at the user interface, one or more parameters associated with the arrangement. 17. A control unit comprising:
an interface component configured to present a plurality of blank conditions and receive first user input associated with a first blank condition of the plurality of blank conditions; and a servo component configured to determine an arrangement of a plurality of rollers based on the first blank condition, and move the plurality of rollers based on the arrangement. 18. The control unit of claim 17, wherein the interface component is configured to present a plurality of blank condition severities and receive second user input associated with a first blank condition severity of the plurality of blank condition severities, wherein the servo component is configured to adjust the arrangement of the plurality of rollers based on the first blank condition. 19. The control unit of claim 17, wherein the interface component is configured to receive second user input associated with one or more features of a work material, wherein the servo component is configured to adjust the arrangement of the plurality of rollers based on the one or more features of the work material. 20. The control unit of claim 17, wherein the servo component is configured to actuate one or more servomotors to move one or more beams coupled to the plurality of rollers for moving the plurality of rollers. | 3,700 |
346,598 | 16,805,080 | 3,791 | The present invention relates to coated butyrate and butyrate plus DPP-IV inhibitor tablets. It has been discovered that an inner butyrate core, a first layer neutral polymer which can dissolve in the colon, followed by an outer coating of a composition, which dissolves only in the colon, prevents the interaction of butyrate with these compositions. | 1. A tablet of butyrate comprising:
a) a butyrate core; b) the butyrate core coated with a neutral polymer in a thickness from about 5-100 microns; and c) the neutral polymer coated with a composition that only dissolves in the colon when the tablet is given orally. 2. The tablet of butyrate according to claim 1 wherein the neutral polymer is selected from the group consisting of: a polyvinyl alcohol and a methylcellulose polymer. 3. The tablet of butyrate according to claim 1 wherein the composition that only dissolves in the colon is a dual-trigger enteric coating. 4. The tablet of butyrate according to claim 1 wherein the neutral polymer layer has a thickness of from about 10-50 microns. 5. The tablet of butyrate according to claim 1 wherein the butyrate core further comprising one or more additional medically active components. 6. The tablet of butyrate according to claim 1 wherein the additional medically active component is a DPP-IV inhibitor. 7. A method of delivering butyrate to the colon of a patient in need thereof and bypassing the upper digestive tract and stomach comprising:
a) formulating a butyrate core; b) coating the butyrate core with a first layer neutral polymer in a thickness from about 5-100 microns; c) coating the core and first layer with a composition that only dissolves in the colon to form a coated tablet; and d) delivering the coated tablet to the patient. 8. The method of delivering butyrate to the colon of a patient according to claim 7 wherein the patient is suffering from at least one of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia obesity, and any other metabolic disease. 9. The method of delivering butyrate to the colon of a patient according to claim 7 wherein the neutral polymer layer has a thickness of from about 10-50 microns. 10. The method of delivering butyrate to the colon of a patient according to claim 7 wherein the butyrate core further comprising one or more additional medically active components. 11. The method of delivering butyrate to the colon of a patient according to claim 7 wherein the additional medically active component is a DPP-IV inhibitor. | The present invention relates to coated butyrate and butyrate plus DPP-IV inhibitor tablets. It has been discovered that an inner butyrate core, a first layer neutral polymer which can dissolve in the colon, followed by an outer coating of a composition, which dissolves only in the colon, prevents the interaction of butyrate with these compositions.1. A tablet of butyrate comprising:
a) a butyrate core; b) the butyrate core coated with a neutral polymer in a thickness from about 5-100 microns; and c) the neutral polymer coated with a composition that only dissolves in the colon when the tablet is given orally. 2. The tablet of butyrate according to claim 1 wherein the neutral polymer is selected from the group consisting of: a polyvinyl alcohol and a methylcellulose polymer. 3. The tablet of butyrate according to claim 1 wherein the composition that only dissolves in the colon is a dual-trigger enteric coating. 4. The tablet of butyrate according to claim 1 wherein the neutral polymer layer has a thickness of from about 10-50 microns. 5. The tablet of butyrate according to claim 1 wherein the butyrate core further comprising one or more additional medically active components. 6. The tablet of butyrate according to claim 1 wherein the additional medically active component is a DPP-IV inhibitor. 7. A method of delivering butyrate to the colon of a patient in need thereof and bypassing the upper digestive tract and stomach comprising:
a) formulating a butyrate core; b) coating the butyrate core with a first layer neutral polymer in a thickness from about 5-100 microns; c) coating the core and first layer with a composition that only dissolves in the colon to form a coated tablet; and d) delivering the coated tablet to the patient. 8. The method of delivering butyrate to the colon of a patient according to claim 7 wherein the patient is suffering from at least one of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia obesity, and any other metabolic disease. 9. The method of delivering butyrate to the colon of a patient according to claim 7 wherein the neutral polymer layer has a thickness of from about 10-50 microns. 10. The method of delivering butyrate to the colon of a patient according to claim 7 wherein the butyrate core further comprising one or more additional medically active components. 11. The method of delivering butyrate to the colon of a patient according to claim 7 wherein the additional medically active component is a DPP-IV inhibitor. | 3,700 |
346,599 | 16,805,058 | 3,791 | Engineered peptides that bind with high affinity (low equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd)) to the cell surface receptors of fibronectin (α5β1) or vitronectin (αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins) are disclosed as useful as imaging tissue. These peptides are based on a molecular scaffold into which a subsequence containing the RGD integrin-binding motif has been inserted. The subsequence (RGD mimic) comprises about 9-13 amino acids, and the RGD contained within the subsequence can be flanked by a variety of amino acids, the sequence of which was determined by sequential rounds of selection (in vitro evolution). The molecular scaffold is preferably based on a knottin, e.g., EETI (Trypsin inhibitor 2 (Trypsin inhibitor II) (EETI-II) [Ecballium elaterium (Jumping cucumber)], AgRP (Agouti-related protein), and Agatoxin IVB, which peptides have a rigidly defined three-dimensional conformation. It is demonstrated that EETI tolerates mutations in other loops and that the present peptides may be used as imaging agents. | 1. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising:
an integrin binding peptide comprising a knottin protein scaffold comprising an engineered integrin binding loop that binds to at least one of αvβ5 integrin, αvβ3 integrin and α5β1 integrin, wherein the integrin binding peptide comprises an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence of a peptide of any one of SEQ ID NO:23 through SEQ ID NO:52; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide comprises an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of a peptide of any one of SEQ ID NO:23 through SEQ ID NO:52. 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of a peptide of any one of SEQ ID NO:23 through SEQ ID NO:52. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the peptide of SEQ ID NO:49. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the peptide of SEQ ID NO:50. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide has a Kd of not more than 100 nM. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide binds to two or more of αvβ5 integrin, αvβ3 integrin and α5β1 integrin. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide is conjugated to a chemotherapeutic agent. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide is conjugated to a half-life extending moiety. 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is suitable for parenteral, oral, topical, or local administration to a subject. 11. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising:
a peptide that binds to at least one of αvβ5 integrin, αvβ3 integrin and α5β1 integrin, the peptide comprising a scaffold portion as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19 and a binding loop portion, wherein, in the binding loop portion:
X1 is selected from the group consisting of A, V, L, P, F, Y, S, H, D, and N;
X2 is selected from the group consisting of G, V, L, P, R, E, and Q;
X3 is selected from the group consisting of G, A, and P;
X7 is selected from the group consisting of W and N;
X8 is selected from the group consisting of A, P, and S;
X9 is selected from the group consisting of P and R;
X10 is selected from the group consisting of A, V, L, P, S, T, and E; and
X11 is selected from the group consisting of G, A, W, S, T, K, and E, and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein, in the binding loop portion:
X1 is P; X2 is Q or R; X3 is G or P; X7 is W or N; X8 is A or P; X9 is P; X10 is T or L; and X11 is S or T. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein, in the binding loop portion:
X1 is P; X2 is Q; X3 is G; X7 is W; X8 is A; X9 is P; X10 is T; and X11 is S. 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein, in the binding loop portion:
X1 is P; X2 is R; X3 is P; X7 is N; X8 is P; X9 is P; X10 is L; and X11 is T. 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the integrin binding peptide has a Kd of not more than 100 nM. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the integrin binding peptide binds to two or more of αvβ5 integrin, αvβ3 integrin and α5β1 integrin. 17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the integrin binding peptide is conjugated to a chemotherapeutic agent or a half-life extending moiety. 18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the composition is suitable for parenteral, oral, topical, or local administration to a subject. 19. A method, comprising:
administering to a subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 1. 20. A method, comprising:
administering to a subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 11. | Engineered peptides that bind with high affinity (low equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd)) to the cell surface receptors of fibronectin (α5β1) or vitronectin (αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins) are disclosed as useful as imaging tissue. These peptides are based on a molecular scaffold into which a subsequence containing the RGD integrin-binding motif has been inserted. The subsequence (RGD mimic) comprises about 9-13 amino acids, and the RGD contained within the subsequence can be flanked by a variety of amino acids, the sequence of which was determined by sequential rounds of selection (in vitro evolution). The molecular scaffold is preferably based on a knottin, e.g., EETI (Trypsin inhibitor 2 (Trypsin inhibitor II) (EETI-II) [Ecballium elaterium (Jumping cucumber)], AgRP (Agouti-related protein), and Agatoxin IVB, which peptides have a rigidly defined three-dimensional conformation. It is demonstrated that EETI tolerates mutations in other loops and that the present peptides may be used as imaging agents.1. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising:
an integrin binding peptide comprising a knottin protein scaffold comprising an engineered integrin binding loop that binds to at least one of αvβ5 integrin, αvβ3 integrin and α5β1 integrin, wherein the integrin binding peptide comprises an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence of a peptide of any one of SEQ ID NO:23 through SEQ ID NO:52; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide comprises an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of a peptide of any one of SEQ ID NO:23 through SEQ ID NO:52. 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of a peptide of any one of SEQ ID NO:23 through SEQ ID NO:52. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the peptide of SEQ ID NO:49. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the peptide of SEQ ID NO:50. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide has a Kd of not more than 100 nM. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide binds to two or more of αvβ5 integrin, αvβ3 integrin and α5β1 integrin. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide is conjugated to a chemotherapeutic agent. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the integrin binding peptide is conjugated to a half-life extending moiety. 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is suitable for parenteral, oral, topical, or local administration to a subject. 11. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising:
a peptide that binds to at least one of αvβ5 integrin, αvβ3 integrin and α5β1 integrin, the peptide comprising a scaffold portion as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19 and a binding loop portion, wherein, in the binding loop portion:
X1 is selected from the group consisting of A, V, L, P, F, Y, S, H, D, and N;
X2 is selected from the group consisting of G, V, L, P, R, E, and Q;
X3 is selected from the group consisting of G, A, and P;
X7 is selected from the group consisting of W and N;
X8 is selected from the group consisting of A, P, and S;
X9 is selected from the group consisting of P and R;
X10 is selected from the group consisting of A, V, L, P, S, T, and E; and
X11 is selected from the group consisting of G, A, W, S, T, K, and E, and
a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein, in the binding loop portion:
X1 is P; X2 is Q or R; X3 is G or P; X7 is W or N; X8 is A or P; X9 is P; X10 is T or L; and X11 is S or T. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein, in the binding loop portion:
X1 is P; X2 is Q; X3 is G; X7 is W; X8 is A; X9 is P; X10 is T; and X11 is S. 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein, in the binding loop portion:
X1 is P; X2 is R; X3 is P; X7 is N; X8 is P; X9 is P; X10 is L; and X11 is T. 15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the integrin binding peptide has a Kd of not more than 100 nM. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the integrin binding peptide binds to two or more of αvβ5 integrin, αvβ3 integrin and α5β1 integrin. 17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the integrin binding peptide is conjugated to a chemotherapeutic agent or a half-life extending moiety. 18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein the composition is suitable for parenteral, oral, topical, or local administration to a subject. 19. A method, comprising:
administering to a subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 1. 20. A method, comprising:
administering to a subject the pharmaceutical composition of claim 11. | 3,700 |
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