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346,400 | 16,804,848 | 2,136 | Provided is a lithium ion secondary battery including Li4T15O12 particles in a negative electrode active material layer and having both high heat generation suppressing performance during overcharging, and high storage stability in a high SOC region. The lithium ion secondary battery herein disclosed includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode active material layer includes Li3PO4 as a secondary material. The negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer includes Li4T15O12 as a secondary material. The Li3PO4 content in the positive electrode active material layer is 0.5 mass % or more and 5.0 mass % or less. The Li4T15O12 content in the negative electrode active material layer is 0.5 mass % or more and 5.0 mass % or less. | 1. A lithium ion secondary battery, comprising:
a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer includes Li3PO4 as a secondary material, the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer includes Li4T15O12 as a secondary material, an Li3PO4 content in the positive electrode active material layer is 0.5 mass % or more and 5.0 mass % or less; and an Li4T15O12 content in the negative electrode active material layer is 0.5 mass % or more and 5.0 mass % or less. 2. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the Li3PO4 content in the positive electrode active material layer to the Li4T15O12 content in the negative electrode active material layer is 0.5 or more and 1.2 or less. 3. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material layer includes positive electrode active material particles and Li3PO4 particles, and the ratio of the average particle diameter of the Li3PO4 particles to the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material particles is 0.6 or more and 1.0 or less. 4. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes negative electrode active material particles, and Li4T15O12 particles, and the ratio of the average particle diameter of the Li4T15O12 particles to the average particle diameter of the negative electrode active material particles is 0.5 or more and 0.8 or less. | Provided is a lithium ion secondary battery including Li4T15O12 particles in a negative electrode active material layer and having both high heat generation suppressing performance during overcharging, and high storage stability in a high SOC region. The lithium ion secondary battery herein disclosed includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode active material layer includes Li3PO4 as a secondary material. The negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer includes Li4T15O12 as a secondary material. The Li3PO4 content in the positive electrode active material layer is 0.5 mass % or more and 5.0 mass % or less. The Li4T15O12 content in the negative electrode active material layer is 0.5 mass % or more and 5.0 mass % or less.1. A lithium ion secondary battery, comprising:
a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode has a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer includes Li3PO4 as a secondary material, the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer includes Li4T15O12 as a secondary material, an Li3PO4 content in the positive electrode active material layer is 0.5 mass % or more and 5.0 mass % or less; and an Li4T15O12 content in the negative electrode active material layer is 0.5 mass % or more and 5.0 mass % or less. 2. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the Li3PO4 content in the positive electrode active material layer to the Li4T15O12 content in the negative electrode active material layer is 0.5 or more and 1.2 or less. 3. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode active material layer includes positive electrode active material particles and Li3PO4 particles, and the ratio of the average particle diameter of the Li3PO4 particles to the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material particles is 0.6 or more and 1.0 or less. 4. The lithium ion secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the negative electrode active material layer includes negative electrode active material particles, and Li4T15O12 particles, and the ratio of the average particle diameter of the Li4T15O12 particles to the average particle diameter of the negative electrode active material particles is 0.5 or more and 0.8 or less. | 2,100 |
346,401 | 16,804,859 | 2,136 | A power supply system installed on a rotating object includes: a power generation device, and a power management device for converting the electric power output by the power generation device to adapt to load requirements, in which the power generation device includes a rotor installed on and fixed to the rotating object, the rotor including at least one induction coil, and a stator which is rotatable relative to the rotor, the stator including at least two magnetic poles; the stator includes a stator case and a counterweight block, and the stator case surrounds the rotor from the circumferential direction of the rotor, and is closed in the circumferential direction; and the counterweight block is fixedly arranged at one side of the stator case, and the angle of the counterweight block in the circumferential direction is in the range of less than or equal to 180 degrees. | 1. A power supply system installed on a rotating object, wherein the power supply system comprises:
a power generation device; and a power management device for converting the electric power output by the power generation device to adapt to load requirements; wherein the power generation device comprises: a rotor installed on and fixed to the rotating object, the rotor comprising at least one induction coil; and a stator which is rotatable relative to the rotor, the stator comprising at least two magnetic poles; the stator comprises a stator case and a counterweight block, the stator case surrounds the rotor from the circumferential direction of the rotor, and is closed in the circumferential direction; the counterweight block is fixedly arranged at one side of the stator case, and the angle of the counterweight block in the circumferential direction is in the range of less than or equal to 180 degrees; when the rotating object rotates, the rotor rotates with the rotation of the rotating object, and the stator is kept stationary under the action of the gravity of the counterweight block. 2. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 1, wherein the counterweight block is made of a tungsten alloy. 3. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 2, wherein the stator case comprises a base ring and at least two magnetic pole blocks, and the magnetic pole blocks are uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the base ring by an adhesive. 4. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 3, wherein the magnetic pole blocks are distributed on the inner wall of the base ring in a wave shape, and each wave peak in the wave shape comprises one magnetic pole block; and the magnetic pole blocks are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner wall of the base ring. 5. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 4, wherein the rotor also comprises a rotor core, the rotor core comprises at least two coil slots for accommodating the induction coils, and each of the induction coils is wound in two or more adjacent coil slots; the inner side wall of each of the coil slots is an inwardly concave cambered surface; and the number of the coil slots corresponds to the number of the magnetic pole blocks. 6. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 5, wherein the magnetic pole blocks are made of neodymium iron boron, and the induction coils are made of pure copper conductors. 7. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 1, wherein the power management device comprises a conversion component for converting the electric power output by the power generation device and performing voltage transformation, and the conversion component comprises a rectifier bridge for converting the electric power output by the power generation device into direct current and a switching power supply for performing step-down on the current output by the rectifier bridge; and one end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the power generation device, one end of the switching power supply is connected to the rectifier bridge, and the other end of the switching power supply is connected to a load. 8. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 7, wherein the power management device also comprises a monitoring component for monitoring the voltage of electric power output by the switching power supply, and a control component, the measuring terminal of the monitoring component is connected to the output line of the switching power supply, and the conversion component and the monitoring component are both connected to the control component. 9. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 8, wherein the power management device also comprises storage batteries for storing electric power output by the power generation device, and the input terminals of the storage batteries are connected to the switching power supply; each storage battery comprises a plurality of output terminals, and the output terminals of the storage batteries are connected to the load; and the measuring terminal of the monitoring component is connected to a wire between the storage batteries and the load. 10. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 9, wherein the output terminals of the storage batteries also comprise MOS transistors for automatically turning off the output of electric energy under a preset condition. | A power supply system installed on a rotating object includes: a power generation device, and a power management device for converting the electric power output by the power generation device to adapt to load requirements, in which the power generation device includes a rotor installed on and fixed to the rotating object, the rotor including at least one induction coil, and a stator which is rotatable relative to the rotor, the stator including at least two magnetic poles; the stator includes a stator case and a counterweight block, and the stator case surrounds the rotor from the circumferential direction of the rotor, and is closed in the circumferential direction; and the counterweight block is fixedly arranged at one side of the stator case, and the angle of the counterweight block in the circumferential direction is in the range of less than or equal to 180 degrees.1. A power supply system installed on a rotating object, wherein the power supply system comprises:
a power generation device; and a power management device for converting the electric power output by the power generation device to adapt to load requirements; wherein the power generation device comprises: a rotor installed on and fixed to the rotating object, the rotor comprising at least one induction coil; and a stator which is rotatable relative to the rotor, the stator comprising at least two magnetic poles; the stator comprises a stator case and a counterweight block, the stator case surrounds the rotor from the circumferential direction of the rotor, and is closed in the circumferential direction; the counterweight block is fixedly arranged at one side of the stator case, and the angle of the counterweight block in the circumferential direction is in the range of less than or equal to 180 degrees; when the rotating object rotates, the rotor rotates with the rotation of the rotating object, and the stator is kept stationary under the action of the gravity of the counterweight block. 2. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 1, wherein the counterweight block is made of a tungsten alloy. 3. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 2, wherein the stator case comprises a base ring and at least two magnetic pole blocks, and the magnetic pole blocks are uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the base ring by an adhesive. 4. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 3, wherein the magnetic pole blocks are distributed on the inner wall of the base ring in a wave shape, and each wave peak in the wave shape comprises one magnetic pole block; and the magnetic pole blocks are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the inner wall of the base ring. 5. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 4, wherein the rotor also comprises a rotor core, the rotor core comprises at least two coil slots for accommodating the induction coils, and each of the induction coils is wound in two or more adjacent coil slots; the inner side wall of each of the coil slots is an inwardly concave cambered surface; and the number of the coil slots corresponds to the number of the magnetic pole blocks. 6. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 5, wherein the magnetic pole blocks are made of neodymium iron boron, and the induction coils are made of pure copper conductors. 7. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 1, wherein the power management device comprises a conversion component for converting the electric power output by the power generation device and performing voltage transformation, and the conversion component comprises a rectifier bridge for converting the electric power output by the power generation device into direct current and a switching power supply for performing step-down on the current output by the rectifier bridge; and one end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the power generation device, one end of the switching power supply is connected to the rectifier bridge, and the other end of the switching power supply is connected to a load. 8. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 7, wherein the power management device also comprises a monitoring component for monitoring the voltage of electric power output by the switching power supply, and a control component, the measuring terminal of the monitoring component is connected to the output line of the switching power supply, and the conversion component and the monitoring component are both connected to the control component. 9. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 8, wherein the power management device also comprises storage batteries for storing electric power output by the power generation device, and the input terminals of the storage batteries are connected to the switching power supply; each storage battery comprises a plurality of output terminals, and the output terminals of the storage batteries are connected to the load; and the measuring terminal of the monitoring component is connected to a wire between the storage batteries and the load. 10. The power supply system installed on the rotating object according to claim 9, wherein the output terminals of the storage batteries also comprise MOS transistors for automatically turning off the output of electric energy under a preset condition. | 2,100 |
346,402 | 16,804,843 | 2,136 | The disclosure is directed to an independent manual control system of an all-electric cabin pressure control system (CPCS). The manual control system may include a momentary electrical switch to manually set the position of an outflow valve (OFV) along with a closed loop control to hold the cabin pressure at the pressure setpoint. The closed loop control of the manual control system is independent from the automatic pressure control functions of the all-electric CPCS. | 1. A cabin air pressure control system, the system comprising:
an outflow valve (OFV) configured to release pressure from a cabin; an electric motor configured to control a position of the OFV; an electric switch configured to control an electric motor; processing circuitry configured to:
receive a signal indicating a pressure of the cabin;
in response to the electric switch being set to a hold position,
determine a cabin pressure setpoint; and control the electric motor to adjust the position of the OFV to maintain the pressure of the cabin based on the cabin pressure setpoint. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine the cabin pressure setpoint based on the signal indicating the pressure of the cabin. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the cabin pressure setpoint is based on the signal indicating the pressure of the cabin at a time when the electric switch is set to the hold position. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
an automatic pressure control unit comprising second processing circuitry; and a memory; wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive the signal indicating the pressure of the cabin in response to a determination that the automatic pressure control unit has malfunctioned, wherein the cabin pressure setpoint is based on the pressure of the cabin at a time when the automatic pressure control unit malfunctioned. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine the cabin pressure setpoint based on a predetermined pressure setpoint. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to maintain the pressure of the cabin within a threshold range of the cabin pressure setpoint. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising an automatic pressure control unit including second processing circuitry and a memory,
wherein the processing circuitry uses closed loop control independent from the second processing circuitry to maintain the pressure of the cabin, and wherein the closed loop control is configured to maintain the pressure of the cabin at the cabin pressure setpoint based on the signal indicating the pressure of the cabin. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine a position of the OFV and to execute the closed loop control based on the position of the OFV. 9. The system of claim 8, further comprising valve position circuitry configured to determine a position of the OFV, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive a signal indicating the position of the OFV from the valve position circuitry. 10. The system of claim 1,
wherein the cabin air pressure control system is on board an aircraft, and wherein the electric switch is configured such that a flight crew of the aircraft controls the electric switch. 11. The system of claim 1,
wherein the cabin air pressure control system is on board an aircraft, and wherein the electric switch is configured such that the electric switch is only accessible during ground operations. 12. A device for regulating a cabin pressure on an aircraft, the device comprising:
first circuitry configured to receive a pressure sense signal from a space within the aircraft; motor drive circuitry configured to control the position of an electric motor, wherein the electric motor controls a position of an outflow valve (OFV); second circuitry configured to receive a motor control signal from an electric switch; processing circuitry operatively connected to a memory; the processing circuitry configured to:
receive a signal indicating a pressure of the cabin;
in response to receiving a motor control signal from the electric switch indicating a hold position;
determine a cabin pressure setpoint;
control the electric motor to adjust the position of the OFV to maintain the cabin pressure on the aircraft based on the cabin pressure setpoint. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine the cabin pressure setpoint based on the signal indicating the pressure of the cabin. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the cabin pressure setpoint is based on a cabin pressure measured at a time the electric switch is set to the hold position. 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry determines cabin pressure setpoint based on a predetermined pressure setpoint. 16. The device of claim 12, further comprising protection circuitry configured to limit the cabin pressure from exceeding a pressure threshold. 17. A method for controlling a pressure in a vehicle cabin, the method comprising:
receiving, by processing circuitry, a cabin pressure signal indicating a pressure in a cabin; receiving, by the processing circuitry, an electric motor control signal; changing, by the processing circuitry, a position of an electric motor based on the electric motor control signal, wherein the position of the electric motor controls a position of an outflow valve (OFV); in response to receiving a hold position setting from the electric motor control signal, determining, by the processing circuitry, a cabin pressure setpoint; controlling, by the processing circuitry, the position of the electric motor to maintain the pressure in the vehicle cabin at the cabin pressure setpoint. 18. The method of claim 17,
wherein the cabin pressure setpoint is based on the pressure in the vehicle cabin measured at a time the processing circuitry receives the hold position setting. 19. The method of claim 17,
the method further comprising using, by the processing circuitry a closed loop control to maintain the pressure of the cabin,
wherein the closed loop control is based on comparing the cabin pressure signal indicating the pressure of the cabin to the cabin pressure setpoint,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to use the closed loop control to maintain the pressure of the cabin in response to an indication of a malfunction in the automatic pressure control unit, wherein the comprises second processing circuitry, and
wherein the closed loop control used by the processing circuitry is independent from the second processing circuitry. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising limiting, by the processing circuitry, the pressure in the vehicle cabin from exceeding a pressure threshold. | The disclosure is directed to an independent manual control system of an all-electric cabin pressure control system (CPCS). The manual control system may include a momentary electrical switch to manually set the position of an outflow valve (OFV) along with a closed loop control to hold the cabin pressure at the pressure setpoint. The closed loop control of the manual control system is independent from the automatic pressure control functions of the all-electric CPCS.1. A cabin air pressure control system, the system comprising:
an outflow valve (OFV) configured to release pressure from a cabin; an electric motor configured to control a position of the OFV; an electric switch configured to control an electric motor; processing circuitry configured to:
receive a signal indicating a pressure of the cabin;
in response to the electric switch being set to a hold position,
determine a cabin pressure setpoint; and control the electric motor to adjust the position of the OFV to maintain the pressure of the cabin based on the cabin pressure setpoint. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine the cabin pressure setpoint based on the signal indicating the pressure of the cabin. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the cabin pressure setpoint is based on the signal indicating the pressure of the cabin at a time when the electric switch is set to the hold position. 4. The system of claim 2, further comprising:
an automatic pressure control unit comprising second processing circuitry; and a memory; wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive the signal indicating the pressure of the cabin in response to a determination that the automatic pressure control unit has malfunctioned, wherein the cabin pressure setpoint is based on the pressure of the cabin at a time when the automatic pressure control unit malfunctioned. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine the cabin pressure setpoint based on a predetermined pressure setpoint. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to maintain the pressure of the cabin within a threshold range of the cabin pressure setpoint. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising an automatic pressure control unit including second processing circuitry and a memory,
wherein the processing circuitry uses closed loop control independent from the second processing circuitry to maintain the pressure of the cabin, and wherein the closed loop control is configured to maintain the pressure of the cabin at the cabin pressure setpoint based on the signal indicating the pressure of the cabin. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine a position of the OFV and to execute the closed loop control based on the position of the OFV. 9. The system of claim 8, further comprising valve position circuitry configured to determine a position of the OFV, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive a signal indicating the position of the OFV from the valve position circuitry. 10. The system of claim 1,
wherein the cabin air pressure control system is on board an aircraft, and wherein the electric switch is configured such that a flight crew of the aircraft controls the electric switch. 11. The system of claim 1,
wherein the cabin air pressure control system is on board an aircraft, and wherein the electric switch is configured such that the electric switch is only accessible during ground operations. 12. A device for regulating a cabin pressure on an aircraft, the device comprising:
first circuitry configured to receive a pressure sense signal from a space within the aircraft; motor drive circuitry configured to control the position of an electric motor, wherein the electric motor controls a position of an outflow valve (OFV); second circuitry configured to receive a motor control signal from an electric switch; processing circuitry operatively connected to a memory; the processing circuitry configured to:
receive a signal indicating a pressure of the cabin;
in response to receiving a motor control signal from the electric switch indicating a hold position;
determine a cabin pressure setpoint;
control the electric motor to adjust the position of the OFV to maintain the cabin pressure on the aircraft based on the cabin pressure setpoint. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry is configured to determine the cabin pressure setpoint based on the signal indicating the pressure of the cabin. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the cabin pressure setpoint is based on a cabin pressure measured at a time the electric switch is set to the hold position. 15. The device of claim 12, wherein the processing circuitry determines cabin pressure setpoint based on a predetermined pressure setpoint. 16. The device of claim 12, further comprising protection circuitry configured to limit the cabin pressure from exceeding a pressure threshold. 17. A method for controlling a pressure in a vehicle cabin, the method comprising:
receiving, by processing circuitry, a cabin pressure signal indicating a pressure in a cabin; receiving, by the processing circuitry, an electric motor control signal; changing, by the processing circuitry, a position of an electric motor based on the electric motor control signal, wherein the position of the electric motor controls a position of an outflow valve (OFV); in response to receiving a hold position setting from the electric motor control signal, determining, by the processing circuitry, a cabin pressure setpoint; controlling, by the processing circuitry, the position of the electric motor to maintain the pressure in the vehicle cabin at the cabin pressure setpoint. 18. The method of claim 17,
wherein the cabin pressure setpoint is based on the pressure in the vehicle cabin measured at a time the processing circuitry receives the hold position setting. 19. The method of claim 17,
the method further comprising using, by the processing circuitry a closed loop control to maintain the pressure of the cabin,
wherein the closed loop control is based on comparing the cabin pressure signal indicating the pressure of the cabin to the cabin pressure setpoint,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to use the closed loop control to maintain the pressure of the cabin in response to an indication of a malfunction in the automatic pressure control unit, wherein the comprises second processing circuitry, and
wherein the closed loop control used by the processing circuitry is independent from the second processing circuitry. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising limiting, by the processing circuitry, the pressure in the vehicle cabin from exceeding a pressure threshold. | 2,100 |
346,403 | 16,804,818 | 2,136 | A knowledge graph is divided into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges. The knowledge graph is represented as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex. A local sub-graph is generated as a copy of one of the sub-graphs together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the one of the sub-graphs. The content of the local sub-graph is modified. The local sub-graph is reintegrated, upon a reintegration trigger event, back into the knowledge graph, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, by overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. | 1. A computer-implemented method for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the method comprising:
dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 4. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
representing the knowledge graph as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex, wherein each summary graph vertex is related to a respective index file and a respective content file, wherein the respective index file comprises a list of the vertices of the sub-graph and edges of the sub-graph, and wherein the respective content file comprises searchable content of the sub-graph. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the group of vertices of the surrounding graph are each linked to the first sub-graph by less than a threshold number of edges. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the local sub-graph further comprises separating the knowledge graph and the local sub-graph physically from each other. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the reintegration is triggered after a predefined number of modifications have been made to the local sub-graph. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the reintegration is triggered if a stable connection between the knowledge graph and the local sub-graph is determined. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
deleting the local sub-graph in response to determining that the local sub-graph has not been accessed for a predefined period of time. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the local sub-graph is triggered if a predefined number or a predefined percentage of sub-graph vertices of the first sub-graph has been tagged. 11. A system for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the memory comprises instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method comprising: dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the group of vertices of the surrounding graph are each linked to the first sub-graph by less than a threshold number of edges. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the reintegration is triggered after a predefined number of modifications has been made to the local sub-graph. 16. A computer program product for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to perform a method comprising:
dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 19. The computer program product of claim 16, further comprising:
deleting the local sub-graph in response to determining that the local sub-graph has not been accessed for a predefined period of time. 20. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein generating the local sub-graph is triggered if a predefined number or a predefined percentage of sub-graph vertices of the first sub-graph has been tagged. | A knowledge graph is divided into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges. The knowledge graph is represented as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex. A local sub-graph is generated as a copy of one of the sub-graphs together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the one of the sub-graphs. The content of the local sub-graph is modified. The local sub-graph is reintegrated, upon a reintegration trigger event, back into the knowledge graph, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, by overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph.1. A computer-implemented method for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the method comprising:
dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 4. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
representing the knowledge graph as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex, wherein each summary graph vertex is related to a respective index file and a respective content file, wherein the respective index file comprises a list of the vertices of the sub-graph and edges of the sub-graph, and wherein the respective content file comprises searchable content of the sub-graph. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the group of vertices of the surrounding graph are each linked to the first sub-graph by less than a threshold number of edges. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the local sub-graph further comprises separating the knowledge graph and the local sub-graph physically from each other. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the reintegration is triggered after a predefined number of modifications have been made to the local sub-graph. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the reintegration is triggered if a stable connection between the knowledge graph and the local sub-graph is determined. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
deleting the local sub-graph in response to determining that the local sub-graph has not been accessed for a predefined period of time. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the local sub-graph is triggered if a predefined number or a predefined percentage of sub-graph vertices of the first sub-graph has been tagged. 11. A system for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the memory comprises instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method comprising: dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the group of vertices of the surrounding graph are each linked to the first sub-graph by less than a threshold number of edges. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the reintegration is triggered after a predefined number of modifications has been made to the local sub-graph. 16. A computer program product for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to perform a method comprising:
dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 19. The computer program product of claim 16, further comprising:
deleting the local sub-graph in response to determining that the local sub-graph has not been accessed for a predefined period of time. 20. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein generating the local sub-graph is triggered if a predefined number or a predefined percentage of sub-graph vertices of the first sub-graph has been tagged. | 2,100 |
346,404 | 16,804,837 | 2,136 | A knowledge graph is divided into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges. The knowledge graph is represented as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex. A local sub-graph is generated as a copy of one of the sub-graphs together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the one of the sub-graphs. The content of the local sub-graph is modified. The local sub-graph is reintegrated, upon a reintegration trigger event, back into the knowledge graph, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, by overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. | 1. A computer-implemented method for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the method comprising:
dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 4. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
representing the knowledge graph as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex, wherein each summary graph vertex is related to a respective index file and a respective content file, wherein the respective index file comprises a list of the vertices of the sub-graph and edges of the sub-graph, and wherein the respective content file comprises searchable content of the sub-graph. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the group of vertices of the surrounding graph are each linked to the first sub-graph by less than a threshold number of edges. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the local sub-graph further comprises separating the knowledge graph and the local sub-graph physically from each other. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the reintegration is triggered after a predefined number of modifications have been made to the local sub-graph. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the reintegration is triggered if a stable connection between the knowledge graph and the local sub-graph is determined. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
deleting the local sub-graph in response to determining that the local sub-graph has not been accessed for a predefined period of time. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the local sub-graph is triggered if a predefined number or a predefined percentage of sub-graph vertices of the first sub-graph has been tagged. 11. A system for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the memory comprises instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method comprising: dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the group of vertices of the surrounding graph are each linked to the first sub-graph by less than a threshold number of edges. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the reintegration is triggered after a predefined number of modifications has been made to the local sub-graph. 16. A computer program product for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to perform a method comprising:
dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 19. The computer program product of claim 16, further comprising:
deleting the local sub-graph in response to determining that the local sub-graph has not been accessed for a predefined period of time. 20. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein generating the local sub-graph is triggered if a predefined number or a predefined percentage of sub-graph vertices of the first sub-graph has been tagged. | A knowledge graph is divided into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges. The knowledge graph is represented as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex. A local sub-graph is generated as a copy of one of the sub-graphs together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the one of the sub-graphs. The content of the local sub-graph is modified. The local sub-graph is reintegrated, upon a reintegration trigger event, back into the knowledge graph, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, by overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph.1. A computer-implemented method for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the method comprising:
dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 4. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:
representing the knowledge graph as a summary graph comprising for each of the sub-graphs a summary-graph vertex, wherein each summary graph vertex is related to a respective index file and a respective content file, wherein the respective index file comprises a list of the vertices of the sub-graph and edges of the sub-graph, and wherein the respective content file comprises searchable content of the sub-graph. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the group of vertices of the surrounding graph are each linked to the first sub-graph by less than a threshold number of edges. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the local sub-graph further comprises separating the knowledge graph and the local sub-graph physically from each other. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the reintegration is triggered after a predefined number of modifications have been made to the local sub-graph. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the reintegration is triggered if a stable connection between the knowledge graph and the local sub-graph is determined. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
deleting the local sub-graph in response to determining that the local sub-graph has not been accessed for a predefined period of time. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the local sub-graph is triggered if a predefined number or a predefined percentage of sub-graph vertices of the first sub-graph has been tagged. 11. A system for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory communicatively coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the memory comprises instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method comprising: dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the group of vertices of the surrounding graph are each linked to the first sub-graph by less than a threshold number of edges. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the reintegration is triggered after a predefined number of modifications has been made to the local sub-graph. 16. A computer program product for managing a knowledge graph, the knowledge graph comprising vertices and edges, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to perform a method comprising:
dividing the knowledge graph into a plurality of sub-graphs, each sub-graph comprising a plurality of vertices and a plurality of edges; generating a local sub-graph as a copy of a first sub-graph together with a copy of a surrounding graph to the first sub-graph, wherein the surrounding graph comprises a group of vertices of the knowledge graph that are each linked to the first sub-graph; modifying content of the local sub-graph; and reintegrating, upon a reintegration trigger event, the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein a structure of the surrounding graph is used as a reintegration aid, and wherein reintegrating the local sub-graph back into the knowledge graph comprises:
overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph, thereby identifying identical vertices of the surrounding structure and the knowledge graph as anchor points from where changes in the local sub-graph are reintegrated into the knowledge graph. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the overlaying the structure and the knowledge graph comprises:
determining a percentage of identical vertices of the structure of the surrounding graph and the knowledge graph. 19. The computer program product of claim 16, further comprising:
deleting the local sub-graph in response to determining that the local sub-graph has not been accessed for a predefined period of time. 20. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein generating the local sub-graph is triggered if a predefined number or a predefined percentage of sub-graph vertices of the first sub-graph has been tagged. | 2,100 |
346,405 | 16,804,891 | 3,673 | A two-piece duvet cover including a duvet bottom sheet, a duvet top sheet and a set of connectors for reversibly coupling the duvet bottom sheet to the duvet top sheet to cover a duvet, wherein the set of connectors is configured to accommodate various sizes of duvets. In some cases, the set of connectors are configured with a variable length to accommodate various sizes of duvets. For example the set of connectors may include a tie that can be adjusted to connect at various lengths and a loop through which the tie passes before being connected. | 1. A two-piece duvet cover comprising:
a duvet bottom sheet; a duvet top sheet; and a set of connectors for coupling the duvet bottom sheet to the duvet top sheet to cover a duvet, wherein the set of connectors is configured to accommodate various sizes of duvets. 2. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the duvet top sheet is larger than the duvet bottom sheet and the duvet top sheet is configured to cover the set of connectors when the duvet cover is in use. 3. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the duvet top sheet comprises a top flap to fold over a top of the duvet and a top of the duvet bottom sheet, and wherein the duvet cover further comprises a flap connector to connect the top flap to the duvet bottom sheet. 4. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 3, wherein the flap connector comprises a plurality of clasps, wherein a portion of the clasps are located on the top flap and another portion of the clasps are located on the bottom sheet. 5. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the set of connectors is configured to accommodate duvets with a size of: between 64 to 70 inches Wide (W) by 86 to 92 inches Long (L), between 80 to 82 inches W by 86 to 89 inches L, between 88 to 92 inches W by 88 to 90 inches L, between 98 to 102 inches W by 90 to 94 inches L, between 104 to 108 inches W by 90 to 94 inches L, or between 110 to 116 inches W by 98 to 100 inches L. 6. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein a top sheet width of the duvet top sheet exceeds a bottom sheet width of the duvet bottom sheet by up to 24 inches. 7. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein a top sheet length of the duvet top sheet exceeds a bottom sheet length of the duvet bottom sheet by up to 24 inches. 8. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the set of connectors comprises a tie provided to one of the duvet top sheet and duvet bottom sheet and a loop provided to the other of the duvet top sheet and duvet bottom sheet, wherein after placing the duvet on one of the duvet top sheet and duvet bottom sheet, the tie passes through the loop and connected to couple the duvet bottom sheet and duvet top sheet together to form the duvet cover. 9. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the set of connectors comprises a duvet connector for coupling with the duvet to hold the duvet in place in relation to the duvet cover. 10. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 9, wherein the duvet connector comprises a loop provided to the duvet, wherein the tie passes through the loop provided to the duvet. 11. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 9, wherein the duvet connector comprises an alligator clip provided to one or more of the set of connectors to couple the one or more of the set of connectors to the duvet. 12. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the set of connectors may comprises clasps, snaps, hook and loop fasteners, buttons, string and loop fasteners, zippers or a combination thereof. | A two-piece duvet cover including a duvet bottom sheet, a duvet top sheet and a set of connectors for reversibly coupling the duvet bottom sheet to the duvet top sheet to cover a duvet, wherein the set of connectors is configured to accommodate various sizes of duvets. In some cases, the set of connectors are configured with a variable length to accommodate various sizes of duvets. For example the set of connectors may include a tie that can be adjusted to connect at various lengths and a loop through which the tie passes before being connected.1. A two-piece duvet cover comprising:
a duvet bottom sheet; a duvet top sheet; and a set of connectors for coupling the duvet bottom sheet to the duvet top sheet to cover a duvet, wherein the set of connectors is configured to accommodate various sizes of duvets. 2. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the duvet top sheet is larger than the duvet bottom sheet and the duvet top sheet is configured to cover the set of connectors when the duvet cover is in use. 3. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the duvet top sheet comprises a top flap to fold over a top of the duvet and a top of the duvet bottom sheet, and wherein the duvet cover further comprises a flap connector to connect the top flap to the duvet bottom sheet. 4. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 3, wherein the flap connector comprises a plurality of clasps, wherein a portion of the clasps are located on the top flap and another portion of the clasps are located on the bottom sheet. 5. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the set of connectors is configured to accommodate duvets with a size of: between 64 to 70 inches Wide (W) by 86 to 92 inches Long (L), between 80 to 82 inches W by 86 to 89 inches L, between 88 to 92 inches W by 88 to 90 inches L, between 98 to 102 inches W by 90 to 94 inches L, between 104 to 108 inches W by 90 to 94 inches L, or between 110 to 116 inches W by 98 to 100 inches L. 6. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein a top sheet width of the duvet top sheet exceeds a bottom sheet width of the duvet bottom sheet by up to 24 inches. 7. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein a top sheet length of the duvet top sheet exceeds a bottom sheet length of the duvet bottom sheet by up to 24 inches. 8. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the set of connectors comprises a tie provided to one of the duvet top sheet and duvet bottom sheet and a loop provided to the other of the duvet top sheet and duvet bottom sheet, wherein after placing the duvet on one of the duvet top sheet and duvet bottom sheet, the tie passes through the loop and connected to couple the duvet bottom sheet and duvet top sheet together to form the duvet cover. 9. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the set of connectors comprises a duvet connector for coupling with the duvet to hold the duvet in place in relation to the duvet cover. 10. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 9, wherein the duvet connector comprises a loop provided to the duvet, wherein the tie passes through the loop provided to the duvet. 11. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 9, wherein the duvet connector comprises an alligator clip provided to one or more of the set of connectors to couple the one or more of the set of connectors to the duvet. 12. The two-piece duvet cover of claim 1, wherein the set of connectors may comprises clasps, snaps, hook and loop fasteners, buttons, string and loop fasteners, zippers or a combination thereof. | 3,600 |
346,406 | 16,804,865 | 2,631 | An operation method of a terminal for transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) to a base station in a wireless communication system may comprise receiving a higher layer message including information on a position of an SRS resource for transmission of the SRS from the base station; receiving a trigger signal from the base station, the trigger signal triggering the transmission of the SRS and including index information of the position of the SRS resource; performing a channel sensing operation on a radio resource indicated by the information on the positions of the SRS resource and the index information; and transmitting the SRS to the base station based on a result of the channel sensing. | 1. An operation method of a terminal for transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) to a base station in a wireless communication system, the operation method comprising:
receiving a higher layer message including information on a position of an SRS resource for transmission of the SRS from the base station; receiving a trigger signal from the base station, the trigger signal triggering the transmission of the SRS and including index information of the position of the SRS resource; performing a channel sensing operation on a radio resource indicated by the information on the positions of the SRS resource and the index information; and transmitting the SRS to the base station based on a result of the channel sensing. 2. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein the SRS resource includes at least one SRS transmission slot determined based on the result of channel sensing on the radio resource, and the at least one SRS transmission slot includes at least one SRS symbol. 3. The operation method according to claim 2, wherein a first symbol constituting the SRS is an arbitrary orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol included in the at least one SRS transmission slot. 4. The operation method according to claim 2, wherein the trigger signal indicates at least one among candidate(s) of the at least one SRS transmission slot among a plurality of slots, an offset between the at least one SRS transmission slot, and a candidate of a first SRS symbol among symbol(s) included in each of the at least one SRS transmission slot. 5. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein in the transmitting of the SRS to the base station, the SRS is transmitted in a symbol # n of a slot, in which a transmission opportunity is secured according to the result of the channel sensing, and an initial signal is transmitted before transmitting the radio resource. 6. The operation method according to claim 5, wherein the initial signal is generated based on a cyclic prefix (CP) of one among a first symbol, the symbol # n, and a symbol # n+1, which constitute the SRS. 7. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein the SRS is mapped contiguously with a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and/or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), which is included in the radio resource. 8. An operation method of a base station for receiving a sounding reference signal (SRS) in a wireless communication system, the operation method comprising:
configuring a position of an SRS resource for receiving the SRS; transmitting a higher layer message including information on the position of the SRS resource to a terminal; generating a trigger signal and transmitting the trigger signal to the terminal, the trigger signal triggering transmission of the SRS and including index information of the position of the SRS resource; and receiving the SRS from the terminal. 9. The operation method according to claim 8, wherein the SRS resource includes at least one SRS transmission slot, and the at least one SRS transmission slot includes at least one SRS symbol. 10. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein a first symbol constituting the SRS is an arbitrary orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of each of the at least one SRS transmission slot. 11. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein the trigger signal indicates at least one among candidate(s) of the at least one SRS transmission slot among a plurality of slots, an offset between the at least one SRS transmission slot, a candidate of the at least one SRS symbol among symbols included in each of the at least one SRS transmission slot, and an offset between the at least one SRS symbol. 12. The operation method according to claim 11, wherein the trigger signal further indicates a first symbol among the at least one SRS symbol. 13. The operation method according to claim 8, wherein the SRS is mapped contiguously with a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and/or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). 14. A terminal for transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) to a base station in a wireless communication system, the terminal comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing at least one instruction executable by the processor, wherein when executed by the processor, the at least one instruction causes the processor to: receive a higher layer message including information on a position of an SRS resource for transmission of the SRS from the base station; receive a trigger signal from the base station, the trigger signal triggering the transmission of the SRS and including index information of the position of the SRS resource; perform a channel sensing operation on a radio resource indicated by the information on the positions of the SRS resource and the index information; and transmit the SRS to the base station based on a result of the channel sensing. 15. The terminal according to claim 14, wherein the SRS resource includes at least one SRS transmission slot determined based on the result of channel sensing on the radio resource, and the at least one SRS transmission slot includes at least one SRS symbol. 16. The terminal according to claim 15, wherein a first symbol constituting the SRS is an arbitrary orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol included in the at least one SRS transmission slot. 17. The terminal according to claim 15, wherein in the performing of the channel sensing operation on the radio resource, the at least one instruction further causes the processor to acquire a transmission opportunity by performing a channel sensing at an offset interval indicated by the trigger signal from a first SRS symbol indicated by the trigger signal among the at least one SRS symbol. 18. The terminal according to claim 17, wherein in the transmitting of the SRS to the base station, the at least one instruction further causes the processor to transmit the SRS through a first SRS symbol # n among SRS symbols for which the transmission opportunity is secured by a result of the channel sensing, and transmit an initial signal before transmitting the SRS. 19. The terminal according to claim 18, wherein the initial signal is generated based on a cyclic prefix (CP) of one among a first symbol, the symbol # n, and a symbol # n+1, which constitute the SRS. 20. The terminal according to claim 14, wherein the SRS is mapped contiguously with a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and/or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), which is included in the radio resource. | An operation method of a terminal for transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) to a base station in a wireless communication system may comprise receiving a higher layer message including information on a position of an SRS resource for transmission of the SRS from the base station; receiving a trigger signal from the base station, the trigger signal triggering the transmission of the SRS and including index information of the position of the SRS resource; performing a channel sensing operation on a radio resource indicated by the information on the positions of the SRS resource and the index information; and transmitting the SRS to the base station based on a result of the channel sensing.1. An operation method of a terminal for transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) to a base station in a wireless communication system, the operation method comprising:
receiving a higher layer message including information on a position of an SRS resource for transmission of the SRS from the base station; receiving a trigger signal from the base station, the trigger signal triggering the transmission of the SRS and including index information of the position of the SRS resource; performing a channel sensing operation on a radio resource indicated by the information on the positions of the SRS resource and the index information; and transmitting the SRS to the base station based on a result of the channel sensing. 2. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein the SRS resource includes at least one SRS transmission slot determined based on the result of channel sensing on the radio resource, and the at least one SRS transmission slot includes at least one SRS symbol. 3. The operation method according to claim 2, wherein a first symbol constituting the SRS is an arbitrary orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol included in the at least one SRS transmission slot. 4. The operation method according to claim 2, wherein the trigger signal indicates at least one among candidate(s) of the at least one SRS transmission slot among a plurality of slots, an offset between the at least one SRS transmission slot, and a candidate of a first SRS symbol among symbol(s) included in each of the at least one SRS transmission slot. 5. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein in the transmitting of the SRS to the base station, the SRS is transmitted in a symbol # n of a slot, in which a transmission opportunity is secured according to the result of the channel sensing, and an initial signal is transmitted before transmitting the radio resource. 6. The operation method according to claim 5, wherein the initial signal is generated based on a cyclic prefix (CP) of one among a first symbol, the symbol # n, and a symbol # n+1, which constitute the SRS. 7. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein the SRS is mapped contiguously with a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and/or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), which is included in the radio resource. 8. An operation method of a base station for receiving a sounding reference signal (SRS) in a wireless communication system, the operation method comprising:
configuring a position of an SRS resource for receiving the SRS; transmitting a higher layer message including information on the position of the SRS resource to a terminal; generating a trigger signal and transmitting the trigger signal to the terminal, the trigger signal triggering transmission of the SRS and including index information of the position of the SRS resource; and receiving the SRS from the terminal. 9. The operation method according to claim 8, wherein the SRS resource includes at least one SRS transmission slot, and the at least one SRS transmission slot includes at least one SRS symbol. 10. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein a first symbol constituting the SRS is an arbitrary orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of each of the at least one SRS transmission slot. 11. The operation method according to claim 9, wherein the trigger signal indicates at least one among candidate(s) of the at least one SRS transmission slot among a plurality of slots, an offset between the at least one SRS transmission slot, a candidate of the at least one SRS symbol among symbols included in each of the at least one SRS transmission slot, and an offset between the at least one SRS symbol. 12. The operation method according to claim 11, wherein the trigger signal further indicates a first symbol among the at least one SRS symbol. 13. The operation method according to claim 8, wherein the SRS is mapped contiguously with a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and/or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). 14. A terminal for transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) to a base station in a wireless communication system, the terminal comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing at least one instruction executable by the processor, wherein when executed by the processor, the at least one instruction causes the processor to: receive a higher layer message including information on a position of an SRS resource for transmission of the SRS from the base station; receive a trigger signal from the base station, the trigger signal triggering the transmission of the SRS and including index information of the position of the SRS resource; perform a channel sensing operation on a radio resource indicated by the information on the positions of the SRS resource and the index information; and transmit the SRS to the base station based on a result of the channel sensing. 15. The terminal according to claim 14, wherein the SRS resource includes at least one SRS transmission slot determined based on the result of channel sensing on the radio resource, and the at least one SRS transmission slot includes at least one SRS symbol. 16. The terminal according to claim 15, wherein a first symbol constituting the SRS is an arbitrary orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol included in the at least one SRS transmission slot. 17. The terminal according to claim 15, wherein in the performing of the channel sensing operation on the radio resource, the at least one instruction further causes the processor to acquire a transmission opportunity by performing a channel sensing at an offset interval indicated by the trigger signal from a first SRS symbol indicated by the trigger signal among the at least one SRS symbol. 18. The terminal according to claim 17, wherein in the transmitting of the SRS to the base station, the at least one instruction further causes the processor to transmit the SRS through a first SRS symbol # n among SRS symbols for which the transmission opportunity is secured by a result of the channel sensing, and transmit an initial signal before transmitting the SRS. 19. The terminal according to claim 18, wherein the initial signal is generated based on a cyclic prefix (CP) of one among a first symbol, the symbol # n, and a symbol # n+1, which constitute the SRS. 20. The terminal according to claim 14, wherein the SRS is mapped contiguously with a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and/or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), which is included in the radio resource. | 2,600 |
346,407 | 16,804,844 | 2,631 | Methods and systems to adapt search results are described. The system receives search information that includes a constraint over a network. The system generates a first search result based on the search information. The system communicates a first user interface, over the network, to the client device. The first user interface is formatted based on first formatting level information. The system receives a first request, over the network, from the client device. The first request includes a description of a first interaction with the first search result. The system identifies a first formatting level based on at least one interaction that was received previous to receiving the first request. The system transitions to a second formatting level based on the first formatting level and the first interaction. The second formatting level is associated with second formatting level information. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one processor and executable instructions accessible on a computer-readable medium that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results; based on the interaction, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second formatting level skips intervening formatting levels between the first formatting level and the second formatting level in an hierarchy of formatting levels. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the identifying the first formatting level of the set of search results is based on a level score corresponding to previous interactions with the set of search results. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the interaction causes the level score to meet a transition threshold indicating a change in a mindset of a user. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes a scroll of a user interface down to display additional data items of the plurality of data items or a scroll of the user interface up to display additional data items of the plurality of data items. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions including a removal of a keyword from at least one constraint of a search query or a removal of a category from the at least one constraint of the search query. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes an addition of a keyword to at least one constraint of a search query or a removal of a keyword from the at least one constraint. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first formatting level is associated with definition information including a first size of a first area that is predetermined and first element descriptor information including a first text point size for formatting text and a first image scaling factor for scaling an image. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second formatting level is associated with definition information including a second size of a second area that is predetermined and a second element descriptor information including a text point size for formatting text and a second image scaling factor for scaling an image, wherein the first text point size associated with the first formatting level is less than the second text point size associated with the second formatting level, and wherein the first image scaling factor associated with the first formatting level is less than the second image scaling factor associated with the second formatting level. 12. A method comprising:
receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results; based on the interaction, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the identifying the first formatting level of the set of search results is based on a level score corresponding to previous interactions with the set of search results. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the interaction causes the level score to meet a transition threshold indicating a change in a mindset of a user. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes a scroll of a user interface down to display additional data items of the plurality of data items, a scroll of the user interface up to display additional data items of the plurality of data items, a removal of a keyword from at least one constraint of a search query, a removal of a category from the at least one constraint of the search query, an addition of a keyword to at least one constraint of a search query, or a removal of a keyword from the at least one constraint. 18. A machine-readable medium having no transitory signal and storing instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to execute actions comprising:
receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results based on previous interactions with the set of search results; based on the interaction indicating a change in a mindset of a user, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. | Methods and systems to adapt search results are described. The system receives search information that includes a constraint over a network. The system generates a first search result based on the search information. The system communicates a first user interface, over the network, to the client device. The first user interface is formatted based on first formatting level information. The system receives a first request, over the network, from the client device. The first request includes a description of a first interaction with the first search result. The system identifies a first formatting level based on at least one interaction that was received previous to receiving the first request. The system transitions to a second formatting level based on the first formatting level and the first interaction. The second formatting level is associated with second formatting level information.1. A system comprising:
at least one processor and executable instructions accessible on a computer-readable medium that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results; based on the interaction, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second formatting level skips intervening formatting levels between the first formatting level and the second formatting level in an hierarchy of formatting levels. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the identifying the first formatting level of the set of search results is based on a level score corresponding to previous interactions with the set of search results. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the interaction causes the level score to meet a transition threshold indicating a change in a mindset of a user. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes a scroll of a user interface down to display additional data items of the plurality of data items or a scroll of the user interface up to display additional data items of the plurality of data items. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions including a removal of a keyword from at least one constraint of a search query or a removal of a category from the at least one constraint of the search query. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes an addition of a keyword to at least one constraint of a search query or a removal of a keyword from the at least one constraint. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first formatting level is associated with definition information including a first size of a first area that is predetermined and first element descriptor information including a first text point size for formatting text and a first image scaling factor for scaling an image. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second formatting level is associated with definition information including a second size of a second area that is predetermined and a second element descriptor information including a text point size for formatting text and a second image scaling factor for scaling an image, wherein the first text point size associated with the first formatting level is less than the second text point size associated with the second formatting level, and wherein the first image scaling factor associated with the first formatting level is less than the second image scaling factor associated with the second formatting level. 12. A method comprising:
receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results; based on the interaction, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the identifying the first formatting level of the set of search results is based on a level score corresponding to previous interactions with the set of search results. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the interaction causes the level score to meet a transition threshold indicating a change in a mindset of a user. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes a scroll of a user interface down to display additional data items of the plurality of data items, a scroll of the user interface up to display additional data items of the plurality of data items, a removal of a keyword from at least one constraint of a search query, a removal of a category from the at least one constraint of the search query, an addition of a keyword to at least one constraint of a search query, or a removal of a keyword from the at least one constraint. 18. A machine-readable medium having no transitory signal and storing instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to execute actions comprising:
receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results based on previous interactions with the set of search results; based on the interaction indicating a change in a mindset of a user, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. | 2,600 |
346,408 | 16,804,875 | 2,631 | Methods and systems to adapt search results are described. The system receives search information that includes a constraint over a network. The system generates a first search result based on the search information. The system communicates a first user interface, over the network, to the client device. The first user interface is formatted based on first formatting level information. The system receives a first request, over the network, from the client device. The first request includes a description of a first interaction with the first search result. The system identifies a first formatting level based on at least one interaction that was received previous to receiving the first request. The system transitions to a second formatting level based on the first formatting level and the first interaction. The second formatting level is associated with second formatting level information. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one processor and executable instructions accessible on a computer-readable medium that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results; based on the interaction, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second formatting level skips intervening formatting levels between the first formatting level and the second formatting level in an hierarchy of formatting levels. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the identifying the first formatting level of the set of search results is based on a level score corresponding to previous interactions with the set of search results. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the interaction causes the level score to meet a transition threshold indicating a change in a mindset of a user. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes a scroll of a user interface down to display additional data items of the plurality of data items or a scroll of the user interface up to display additional data items of the plurality of data items. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions including a removal of a keyword from at least one constraint of a search query or a removal of a category from the at least one constraint of the search query. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes an addition of a keyword to at least one constraint of a search query or a removal of a keyword from the at least one constraint. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first formatting level is associated with definition information including a first size of a first area that is predetermined and first element descriptor information including a first text point size for formatting text and a first image scaling factor for scaling an image. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second formatting level is associated with definition information including a second size of a second area that is predetermined and a second element descriptor information including a text point size for formatting text and a second image scaling factor for scaling an image, wherein the first text point size associated with the first formatting level is less than the second text point size associated with the second formatting level, and wherein the first image scaling factor associated with the first formatting level is less than the second image scaling factor associated with the second formatting level. 12. A method comprising:
receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results; based on the interaction, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the identifying the first formatting level of the set of search results is based on a level score corresponding to previous interactions with the set of search results. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the interaction causes the level score to meet a transition threshold indicating a change in a mindset of a user. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes a scroll of a user interface down to display additional data items of the plurality of data items, a scroll of the user interface up to display additional data items of the plurality of data items, a removal of a keyword from at least one constraint of a search query, a removal of a category from the at least one constraint of the search query, an addition of a keyword to at least one constraint of a search query, or a removal of a keyword from the at least one constraint. 18. A machine-readable medium having no transitory signal and storing instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to execute actions comprising:
receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results based on previous interactions with the set of search results; based on the interaction indicating a change in a mindset of a user, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. | Methods and systems to adapt search results are described. The system receives search information that includes a constraint over a network. The system generates a first search result based on the search information. The system communicates a first user interface, over the network, to the client device. The first user interface is formatted based on first formatting level information. The system receives a first request, over the network, from the client device. The first request includes a description of a first interaction with the first search result. The system identifies a first formatting level based on at least one interaction that was received previous to receiving the first request. The system transitions to a second formatting level based on the first formatting level and the first interaction. The second formatting level is associated with second formatting level information.1. A system comprising:
at least one processor and executable instructions accessible on a computer-readable medium that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results; based on the interaction, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second formatting level skips intervening formatting levels between the first formatting level and the second formatting level in an hierarchy of formatting levels. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the identifying the first formatting level of the set of search results is based on a level score corresponding to previous interactions with the set of search results. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the interaction causes the level score to meet a transition threshold indicating a change in a mindset of a user. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes a scroll of a user interface down to display additional data items of the plurality of data items or a scroll of the user interface up to display additional data items of the plurality of data items. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions including a removal of a keyword from at least one constraint of a search query or a removal of a category from the at least one constraint of the search query. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes an addition of a keyword to at least one constraint of a search query or a removal of a keyword from the at least one constraint. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the first formatting level is associated with definition information including a first size of a first area that is predetermined and first element descriptor information including a first text point size for formatting text and a first image scaling factor for scaling an image. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the second formatting level is associated with definition information including a second size of a second area that is predetermined and a second element descriptor information including a text point size for formatting text and a second image scaling factor for scaling an image, wherein the first text point size associated with the first formatting level is less than the second text point size associated with the second formatting level, and wherein the first image scaling factor associated with the first formatting level is less than the second image scaling factor associated with the second formatting level. 12. A method comprising:
receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results; based on the interaction, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the identifying the first formatting level of the set of search results is based on a level score corresponding to previous interactions with the set of search results. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the interaction causes the level score to meet a transition threshold indicating a change in a mindset of a user. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the interaction is selected from a group of interactions that includes a scroll of a user interface down to display additional data items of the plurality of data items, a scroll of the user interface up to display additional data items of the plurality of data items, a removal of a keyword from at least one constraint of a search query, a removal of a category from the at least one constraint of the search query, an addition of a keyword to at least one constraint of a search query, or a removal of a keyword from the at least one constraint. 18. A machine-readable medium having no transitory signal and storing instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to execute actions comprising:
receiving, from a client device, an interaction with a set of search results comprising a plurality of data items, each data item comprising a plurality of elements; identifying a first formatting level of the set of search results based on previous interactions with the set of search results; based on the interaction indicating a change in a mindset of a user, transitioning one or more data items in the set of search results from the first formatting level to a second formatting level; communicating a second set of search results comprising the one or more data items in the second formatting level to the client device. 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the first formatting level defines a number of elements per data item and a number of data items per set of search results. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the second set of search results in the second formatting level has a different number of data items and a different number of elements per data item than the set of search results in the first formatting level. | 2,600 |
346,409 | 16,804,869 | 2,631 | A package including a stack of absorbent tissue paper material and a packaging, wherein, in the stack, the tissue material forms panels having a length, and a width perpendicular to the length, the panels being piled on top of each other to form a height extending between a first end surface and a second end surface of the stack; the absorbent tissue paper material including at least a dry crepe material, the stack, when in the package, having a selected packing density D0 of 0.25 to 0.65 kg/dm3, and exerting a force along the height of the stack towards the packaging, the packaging encircling the stack so as to maintain the stack in a compressed condition with the selected packing density D0. | 1. A package comprising a stack of absorbent tissue paper material and a packaging, wherein, in said stack, the absorbent tissue paper material forms panels having a length, and a width perpendicular to said length, said panels being piled on top of each other to form a height extending between a first end surface and a second end surface of the stack;
the absorbent tissue paper material comprising at least a dry crepe material, the stack, when in said package, having a selected packing density D0 of 0.25 to 0.65 kg/dm3, and exerting a force along the height of said stack towards the packaging, the packaging encircling said stack so as to maintain said stack in a compressed condition with said selected packing density D0. 2. The package according to claim 1, wherein said absorbent tissue paper material is a combination material comprising at least one ply of a dry crepe material and one ply of another material. 3. The package according to claim 2, wherein the selected packing density D0 is 0.25 to 0.60 kg/dm3. 4. The package according to claim 1, said packing density D0 being >0.20 and ≤0.35 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 being less than 130 N or said packing density D0 being >0.35 and ≤0.65 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 being less than 500 N. 5. The package according to claim 1, said packing density D0 being >0.20 and ≤0.35 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 6 mm imprint level IM6 being less than 500 N, or said packing density D0 being >0.35 and ≤0.65 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load 1M6 as described herein at 6 mm imprint level being less than 8000 N. 6. The package according to claim 1, said packing density D0 being >0.20 and ≤0.35 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 and a piston imprinting load at 10 mm imprint level IM10, wherein IM10/IM3 is greater than 3; or
said packing density D0 being >0.35 and ≤0.65 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 and a piston imprinting load at 10 mm imprint level IM10, wherein IM10/IM3 is greater than 4.5. 7. The package according to claim 1, said packing density D0 being >0.20 and ≤0.35 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 and a piston imprinting load at 6 mm imprint level IM6, wherein IM6/IM3 is greater than 1.5; or
said packing density D0 being >0.35 and ≤0.65 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 and a piston imprinting load at 6 mm imprint level IM6, wherein IM6/IM3 is greater than 2. 8. The A package according to claim 1, wherein said stack is a stack of folded absorbent tissue paper material. 9. The package according to claim 8, wherein said folded absorbent tissue paper material is a continuous web material. 10. The package according to claim 9, wherein the stack comprises at least one continuous web material being Z-folded. 11. The package according to claim 1, wherein said packaging is encircling said stack at least in a direction along the height direction of said stack. 12. The package according to claim 1, wherein said packaging is of a material displaying a tensile strength S(pack) in a direction along the height H of the stack being less than 10 kN/m2. 13. The package according to claim 1, wherein said packaging is of a material displaying a tensile strength S(pack) in a direction along the height H of the stack being of at least 1.5 kN/m2. 14. The package according to claim 1, wherein said packaging is made of a paper, non-woven or plastic material. 15. The package according to claim 1, wherein said packaging is closed to encircle said stack by means of a seal. 16. The package according to claim 15, wherein said seal is an adhesive seal. 17. The package according to claim 15, wherein said seal is an ultrasonic seal or a heatseal. 18. The package according to claim 2, wherein the selected packing density D0 is 0.25 to 0.55 kg/dm3. 19. The package according to claim 2, wherein the selected packing density D0 is 0.30 to 0.55 kg/dm3. | A package including a stack of absorbent tissue paper material and a packaging, wherein, in the stack, the tissue material forms panels having a length, and a width perpendicular to the length, the panels being piled on top of each other to form a height extending between a first end surface and a second end surface of the stack; the absorbent tissue paper material including at least a dry crepe material, the stack, when in the package, having a selected packing density D0 of 0.25 to 0.65 kg/dm3, and exerting a force along the height of the stack towards the packaging, the packaging encircling the stack so as to maintain the stack in a compressed condition with the selected packing density D0.1. A package comprising a stack of absorbent tissue paper material and a packaging, wherein, in said stack, the absorbent tissue paper material forms panels having a length, and a width perpendicular to said length, said panels being piled on top of each other to form a height extending between a first end surface and a second end surface of the stack;
the absorbent tissue paper material comprising at least a dry crepe material, the stack, when in said package, having a selected packing density D0 of 0.25 to 0.65 kg/dm3, and exerting a force along the height of said stack towards the packaging, the packaging encircling said stack so as to maintain said stack in a compressed condition with said selected packing density D0. 2. The package according to claim 1, wherein said absorbent tissue paper material is a combination material comprising at least one ply of a dry crepe material and one ply of another material. 3. The package according to claim 2, wherein the selected packing density D0 is 0.25 to 0.60 kg/dm3. 4. The package according to claim 1, said packing density D0 being >0.20 and ≤0.35 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 being less than 130 N or said packing density D0 being >0.35 and ≤0.65 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 being less than 500 N. 5. The package according to claim 1, said packing density D0 being >0.20 and ≤0.35 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 6 mm imprint level IM6 being less than 500 N, or said packing density D0 being >0.35 and ≤0.65 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load 1M6 as described herein at 6 mm imprint level being less than 8000 N. 6. The package according to claim 1, said packing density D0 being >0.20 and ≤0.35 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 and a piston imprinting load at 10 mm imprint level IM10, wherein IM10/IM3 is greater than 3; or
said packing density D0 being >0.35 and ≤0.65 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 and a piston imprinting load at 10 mm imprint level IM10, wherein IM10/IM3 is greater than 4.5. 7. The package according to claim 1, said packing density D0 being >0.20 and ≤0.35 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 and a piston imprinting load at 6 mm imprint level IM6, wherein IM6/IM3 is greater than 1.5; or
said packing density D0 being >0.35 and ≤0.65 kg/dm3 and said package displaying a piston imprinting load as described herein at 3 mm imprint level IM3 and a piston imprinting load at 6 mm imprint level IM6, wherein IM6/IM3 is greater than 2. 8. The A package according to claim 1, wherein said stack is a stack of folded absorbent tissue paper material. 9. The package according to claim 8, wherein said folded absorbent tissue paper material is a continuous web material. 10. The package according to claim 9, wherein the stack comprises at least one continuous web material being Z-folded. 11. The package according to claim 1, wherein said packaging is encircling said stack at least in a direction along the height direction of said stack. 12. The package according to claim 1, wherein said packaging is of a material displaying a tensile strength S(pack) in a direction along the height H of the stack being less than 10 kN/m2. 13. The package according to claim 1, wherein said packaging is of a material displaying a tensile strength S(pack) in a direction along the height H of the stack being of at least 1.5 kN/m2. 14. The package according to claim 1, wherein said packaging is made of a paper, non-woven or plastic material. 15. The package according to claim 1, wherein said packaging is closed to encircle said stack by means of a seal. 16. The package according to claim 15, wherein said seal is an adhesive seal. 17. The package according to claim 15, wherein said seal is an ultrasonic seal or a heatseal. 18. The package according to claim 2, wherein the selected packing density D0 is 0.25 to 0.55 kg/dm3. 19. The package according to claim 2, wherein the selected packing density D0 is 0.30 to 0.55 kg/dm3. | 2,600 |
346,410 | 16,804,775 | 2,631 | This disclosure relates to storing and executing a smart contract in a blockchain. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a transaction request to conduct a transaction for storing a target smart contract in the blockchain. The target smart contract includes multiple logical methods. A query is made whether the target smart contract includes a first logical method that is the same as a second logical method in a stored smart contract that is stored in the blockchain. In response to determining that the target smart contract includes the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method in the stored smart contract, each logical method of the multiple logical methods that is not the same as a logical method previously stored in the blockchain and a mapping relationship between the first logical method and the second logical method is stored in the blockchain. | 1. A computer-implemented method for storing a smart contract in a blockchain, method comprising:
receiving a first transaction request to conduct a first transaction for storing a first target smart contract in the blockchain, wherein the first target smart contract comprises a plurality of logical methods; in response to receiving the first transaction request, invoking storage logic of the first target smart contract; querying whether the first target smart contract comprises a first logical method that is the same as a second logical method in a first stored smart contract that is stored in the blockchain; and in response to determining that the first target smart contract comprises the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method in the first stored smart contract,
storing, in the blockchain, each logical method of the plurality of logical methods that is not the same as a logical method previously stored in the blockchain, and
storing a first mapping relationship between the first logical method in the first target smart contract and the second logical method in the first stored smart contract. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein querying whether the first target smart contract comprises the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method comprises:
calculating a unique identifier for each logical method in the plurality of logical methods; and determining, for each logical method in the plurality of logical methods, whether the unique identifier for the logical method is consistent with a unique identifier of a stored logical method previously stored in the blockchain; and in response to determining that a first unique identifier calculated for the first logical method is consistent with a second unique identifier calculated for the second logical method, determining that the first logical method is the same as the second logical method. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the unique identifier for each logical method comprises a unique path comprising a file name and a method name of the logical method. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the unique identifier for each logical method comprises a digital digest comprising a hash value that is obtained through hash calculation on the logical method. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein storing, in the blockchain, the first mapping relationship between the first logical method in the first target smart contract and the second logical method in the first stored smart contract comprises:
converting the first logical method in the first target smart contract into a unique identifier of the first logical method, and storing the unique identifier in the blockchain. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain comprises a consortium blockchain, a public blockchain, or a private blockchain. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second transaction request for conducting a second transaction for executing a target service; in response to receiving the second transaction request, querying a second target smart contract, wherein the second target smart contract executes the target service in the blockchain; obtaining, based on a second mapping relationship between a third logical method in the second target smart contract and a fourth logical method in a second stored smart contract, the fourth logical method from the second stored smart contract and an additional logical method from the second target smart contract, wherein the second mapping relationship indicates that the third logical method is the same as the fourth logical method; and assembling the additional logical method and the fourth logical method into a complete contract logical method in an instantiated virtual machine; and executing the complete contract logical method, wherein the first stored smart contract is the same as or different from the second stored smart contract. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein obtaining, based on the second mapping relationship, the fourth logical method and the additional logical method comprises:
obtaining a unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract; determining that the unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract is consistent with an additional unique identifier for the fourth logical method in the second stored smart contract; and in response to determining that the unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract is consistent with the additional unique identifier for the fourth logical method, obtaining the fourth logical method. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising, obtaining state data from a data field of the second target smart contract,
wherein executing the complete contract logical method comprises loading the state data to the complete contract logical method for execution. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising instantiating a virtual machine when a node device in the blockchain starts running, wherein the virtual machine is configured to execute any smart contract in the node device. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first transaction request to conduct a first transaction for storing a first target smart contract in a blockchain, wherein the first target smart contract comprises a plurality of logical methods; in response to receiving the first transaction request, invoking storage logic of the first target smart contract; querying whether the first target smart contract comprises a first logical method that is the same as a second logical method in a first stored smart contract that is stored in the blockchain; and in response to determining that the first target smart contract comprises the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method in the first stored smart contract,
storing, in the blockchain, each logical method of the plurality of logical methods that is not the same as a logical method previously stored in the blockchain, and
storing a first mapping relationship between the first logical method in the first target smart contract and the second logical method in the first stored smart contract. 12. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving a first transaction request to conduct a first transaction for storing a first target smart contract in a blockchain, wherein the first target smart contract comprises a plurality of logical methods;
in response to receiving the first transaction request, invoking storage logic of the first target smart contract;
querying whether the first target smart contract comprises a first logical method that is the same as a second logical method in a first stored smart contract that is stored in the blockchain; and
in response to determining that the first target smart contract comprises the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method in the first stored smart contract,
storing, in the blockchain, each logical method of the plurality of logical methods that is not the same as a logical method previously stored in the blockchain, and
storing a first mapping relationship between the first logical method in the first target smart contract and the second logical method in the first stored smart contract. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein querying whether the first target smart contract comprises the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method comprises:
calculating a unique identifier for each logical method in the plurality of logical methods; and determining, for each logical method in the plurality of logical methods, whether the unique identifier for the logical method is consistent with a unique identifier of a stored logical method previously stored in the blockchain; and in response to determining that a first unique identifier calculated for the first logical method is consistent with a second unique identifier calculated for the second logical method, determining that the first logical method is the same as the second logical method. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the unique identifier for each logical method comprises a unique path comprising a file name and a method name of the logical method. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the unique identifier for each logical method comprises a digital digest comprising a hash value that is obtained through hash calculation on the logical method. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein storing, in the blockchain, the first mapping relationship between the first logical method in the first target smart contract and the second logical method in the first stored smart contract comprises:
converting the first logical method in the first target smart contract into a unique identifier of the first logical method, and storing the unique identifier in the blockchain. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein the blockchain comprises a consortium blockchain, a public blockchain, or a private blockchain. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving a second transaction request for conducting a second transaction for executing a target service; in response to receiving the second transaction request, querying a second target smart contract, wherein the second target smart contract executes the target service in the blockchain; obtaining, based on a second mapping relationship between a third logical method in the second target smart contract and a fourth logical method in a second stored smart contract, the fourth logical method from the second stored smart contract and an additional logical method from the second target smart contract, wherein the second mapping relationship indicates that the third logical method is the same as the fourth logical method; and assembling the additional logical method and the fourth logical method into a complete contract logical method in an instantiated virtual machine; and executing the complete contract logical method, wherein the first stored smart contract is the same as or different from the second stored smart contract. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein obtaining, based on the second mapping relationship, the fourth logical method and the additional logical method comprises:
obtaining a unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract; determining that the unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract is consistent with an additional unique identifier for the fourth logical method in the second stored smart contract; and in response to determining that the unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract is consistent with the additional unique identifier for the fourth logical method, obtaining the fourth logical method. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein the operations comprise obtaining state data from a data field of the second target smart contract,
wherein executing the complete contract logical method comprises loading the state data to the complete contract logical method for execution. | This disclosure relates to storing and executing a smart contract in a blockchain. In one aspect, a method includes receiving a transaction request to conduct a transaction for storing a target smart contract in the blockchain. The target smart contract includes multiple logical methods. A query is made whether the target smart contract includes a first logical method that is the same as a second logical method in a stored smart contract that is stored in the blockchain. In response to determining that the target smart contract includes the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method in the stored smart contract, each logical method of the multiple logical methods that is not the same as a logical method previously stored in the blockchain and a mapping relationship between the first logical method and the second logical method is stored in the blockchain.1. A computer-implemented method for storing a smart contract in a blockchain, method comprising:
receiving a first transaction request to conduct a first transaction for storing a first target smart contract in the blockchain, wherein the first target smart contract comprises a plurality of logical methods; in response to receiving the first transaction request, invoking storage logic of the first target smart contract; querying whether the first target smart contract comprises a first logical method that is the same as a second logical method in a first stored smart contract that is stored in the blockchain; and in response to determining that the first target smart contract comprises the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method in the first stored smart contract,
storing, in the blockchain, each logical method of the plurality of logical methods that is not the same as a logical method previously stored in the blockchain, and
storing a first mapping relationship between the first logical method in the first target smart contract and the second logical method in the first stored smart contract. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein querying whether the first target smart contract comprises the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method comprises:
calculating a unique identifier for each logical method in the plurality of logical methods; and determining, for each logical method in the plurality of logical methods, whether the unique identifier for the logical method is consistent with a unique identifier of a stored logical method previously stored in the blockchain; and in response to determining that a first unique identifier calculated for the first logical method is consistent with a second unique identifier calculated for the second logical method, determining that the first logical method is the same as the second logical method. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the unique identifier for each logical method comprises a unique path comprising a file name and a method name of the logical method. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein the unique identifier for each logical method comprises a digital digest comprising a hash value that is obtained through hash calculation on the logical method. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein storing, in the blockchain, the first mapping relationship between the first logical method in the first target smart contract and the second logical method in the first stored smart contract comprises:
converting the first logical method in the first target smart contract into a unique identifier of the first logical method, and storing the unique identifier in the blockchain. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain comprises a consortium blockchain, a public blockchain, or a private blockchain. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a second transaction request for conducting a second transaction for executing a target service; in response to receiving the second transaction request, querying a second target smart contract, wherein the second target smart contract executes the target service in the blockchain; obtaining, based on a second mapping relationship between a third logical method in the second target smart contract and a fourth logical method in a second stored smart contract, the fourth logical method from the second stored smart contract and an additional logical method from the second target smart contract, wherein the second mapping relationship indicates that the third logical method is the same as the fourth logical method; and assembling the additional logical method and the fourth logical method into a complete contract logical method in an instantiated virtual machine; and executing the complete contract logical method, wherein the first stored smart contract is the same as or different from the second stored smart contract. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, wherein obtaining, based on the second mapping relationship, the fourth logical method and the additional logical method comprises:
obtaining a unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract; determining that the unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract is consistent with an additional unique identifier for the fourth logical method in the second stored smart contract; and in response to determining that the unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract is consistent with the additional unique identifier for the fourth logical method, obtaining the fourth logical method. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising, obtaining state data from a data field of the second target smart contract,
wherein executing the complete contract logical method comprises loading the state data to the complete contract logical method for execution. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, further comprising instantiating a virtual machine when a node device in the blockchain starts running, wherein the virtual machine is configured to execute any smart contract in the node device. 11. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving a first transaction request to conduct a first transaction for storing a first target smart contract in a blockchain, wherein the first target smart contract comprises a plurality of logical methods; in response to receiving the first transaction request, invoking storage logic of the first target smart contract; querying whether the first target smart contract comprises a first logical method that is the same as a second logical method in a first stored smart contract that is stored in the blockchain; and in response to determining that the first target smart contract comprises the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method in the first stored smart contract,
storing, in the blockchain, each logical method of the plurality of logical methods that is not the same as a logical method previously stored in the blockchain, and
storing a first mapping relationship between the first logical method in the first target smart contract and the second logical method in the first stored smart contract. 12. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising:
receiving a first transaction request to conduct a first transaction for storing a first target smart contract in a blockchain, wherein the first target smart contract comprises a plurality of logical methods;
in response to receiving the first transaction request, invoking storage logic of the first target smart contract;
querying whether the first target smart contract comprises a first logical method that is the same as a second logical method in a first stored smart contract that is stored in the blockchain; and
in response to determining that the first target smart contract comprises the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method in the first stored smart contract,
storing, in the blockchain, each logical method of the plurality of logical methods that is not the same as a logical method previously stored in the blockchain, and
storing a first mapping relationship between the first logical method in the first target smart contract and the second logical method in the first stored smart contract. 13. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein querying whether the first target smart contract comprises the first logical method that is the same as the second logical method comprises:
calculating a unique identifier for each logical method in the plurality of logical methods; and determining, for each logical method in the plurality of logical methods, whether the unique identifier for the logical method is consistent with a unique identifier of a stored logical method previously stored in the blockchain; and in response to determining that a first unique identifier calculated for the first logical method is consistent with a second unique identifier calculated for the second logical method, determining that the first logical method is the same as the second logical method. 14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the unique identifier for each logical method comprises a unique path comprising a file name and a method name of the logical method. 15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13, wherein the unique identifier for each logical method comprises a digital digest comprising a hash value that is obtained through hash calculation on the logical method. 16. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein storing, in the blockchain, the first mapping relationship between the first logical method in the first target smart contract and the second logical method in the first stored smart contract comprises:
converting the first logical method in the first target smart contract into a unique identifier of the first logical method, and storing the unique identifier in the blockchain. 17. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein the blockchain comprises a consortium blockchain, a public blockchain, or a private blockchain. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 12, wherein the operations comprise:
receiving a second transaction request for conducting a second transaction for executing a target service; in response to receiving the second transaction request, querying a second target smart contract, wherein the second target smart contract executes the target service in the blockchain; obtaining, based on a second mapping relationship between a third logical method in the second target smart contract and a fourth logical method in a second stored smart contract, the fourth logical method from the second stored smart contract and an additional logical method from the second target smart contract, wherein the second mapping relationship indicates that the third logical method is the same as the fourth logical method; and assembling the additional logical method and the fourth logical method into a complete contract logical method in an instantiated virtual machine; and executing the complete contract logical method, wherein the first stored smart contract is the same as or different from the second stored smart contract. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein obtaining, based on the second mapping relationship, the fourth logical method and the additional logical method comprises:
obtaining a unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract; determining that the unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract is consistent with an additional unique identifier for the fourth logical method in the second stored smart contract; and in response to determining that the unique identifier stored in the second target smart contract is consistent with the additional unique identifier for the fourth logical method, obtaining the fourth logical method. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, wherein the operations comprise obtaining state data from a data field of the second target smart contract,
wherein executing the complete contract logical method comprises loading the state data to the complete contract logical method for execution. | 2,600 |
346,411 | 16,804,840 | 2,631 | An output shaft support structure includes: an output shaft; and a supporting body that supports the output shaft, the output shaft including: a rotating shaft; a first rolling bearing fixed to one end section of the rotating shaft; a second rolling bearing fixed to the other end section of the rotating shaft; and a secondary reduction driven gear including a boss section fixed to the rotating shaft. For a predetermined period, the boss section of the secondary reduction driven gear contacts the second rolling bearing, and a lower end of the rotating shaft is always separated from the supporting body. | 1. An output shaft support structure comprising:
an output shaft; and a supporting body configured to support the output shaft, wherein the output shaft includes: a rotating shaft; a first rolling bearing fixed to one end section of the rotating shaft; a second rolling bearing fixed to another end section of the rotating shaft; and a gear including a boss section fixed to the rotating shaft, and wherein for a predetermined period, the boss section of the gear contacts the second rolling bearing, and a lower end of the rotating shaft is always separated from the supporting body. 2. The output shaft support structure according to claim 1, wherein
the boss section of the gear projects only to the second rolling bearing. 3. The output shaft support structure according to claim 2, wherein
the supporting body includes, at a position opposing the rotating shaft, a first groove which is annular and in which a circlip is housed, and an outer race of the first rolling bearing includes a second groove which is annular and in which an inner ring section of the circlip is locked. 4. The output shaft support structure according to claim 3, wherein
before the inner ring section of the circlip is locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing, the boss section of the gear contacts an inner race of the second rolling bearing. 5. The output shaft support structure according to claim 3, wherein
after the inner ring section of the circlip is locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing, the boss section of the gear separates from an inner race of the second rolling bearing. 6. The output shaft support structure according to claim 1, wherein
the supporting body includes, at a position opposing the rotating shaft, a first groove which is annular and in which a circlip is housed, and an outer race of the first rolling bearing includes a second groove which is annular and in which an inner ring section of the circlip is locked. 7. The output shaft support structure according to claim 6, wherein
before the inner ring section of the circlip is locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing, the boss section of the gear contacts an inner race of the second rolling bearing. 8. The output shaft support structure according to claim 6, wherein
after the inner ring section of the circlip is locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing, the boss section of the gear separates from an inner race of the second rolling bearing. 9. An output shaft assembly method for assembling, in a supporting body, an output shaft that includes: a rotating shaft; a first rolling bearing fixed to a tip section of the rotating shaft; a second rolling bearing fixed to a rear end section of the rotating shaft; and a gear including a boss section fixed to the rotating shaft,
the output shaft assembly method comprising: contacting the boss section of the gear of the output shaft with an inner race of the second rolling bearing in an assembly process; and separating the boss section of the gear from the inner race of the second rolling bearing after assembly. 10. The output shaft assembly method according to claim 9, wherein
the supporting body includes, at a position opposing the rotating shaft, a first groove which is annular and in which a circlip is housed, an outer race of the first rolling bearing includes a second groove which is annular and in which an inner ring section of the circlip is locked, the assembly process is before the inner ring section of the circlip is locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing, and after the assembly, the inner ring section of the circlip has been locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing. 11. The output shaft assembly method according to claim 10, wherein
over a period from the assembly process to after the assembly, a lower end of the rotating shaft is always separated from the supporting body. 12. The output shaft assembly method according to claim 9, wherein
over a period from the assembly process to after the assembly, a lower end of the rotating shaft is always separated from the supporting body. | An output shaft support structure includes: an output shaft; and a supporting body that supports the output shaft, the output shaft including: a rotating shaft; a first rolling bearing fixed to one end section of the rotating shaft; a second rolling bearing fixed to the other end section of the rotating shaft; and a secondary reduction driven gear including a boss section fixed to the rotating shaft. For a predetermined period, the boss section of the secondary reduction driven gear contacts the second rolling bearing, and a lower end of the rotating shaft is always separated from the supporting body.1. An output shaft support structure comprising:
an output shaft; and a supporting body configured to support the output shaft, wherein the output shaft includes: a rotating shaft; a first rolling bearing fixed to one end section of the rotating shaft; a second rolling bearing fixed to another end section of the rotating shaft; and a gear including a boss section fixed to the rotating shaft, and wherein for a predetermined period, the boss section of the gear contacts the second rolling bearing, and a lower end of the rotating shaft is always separated from the supporting body. 2. The output shaft support structure according to claim 1, wherein
the boss section of the gear projects only to the second rolling bearing. 3. The output shaft support structure according to claim 2, wherein
the supporting body includes, at a position opposing the rotating shaft, a first groove which is annular and in which a circlip is housed, and an outer race of the first rolling bearing includes a second groove which is annular and in which an inner ring section of the circlip is locked. 4. The output shaft support structure according to claim 3, wherein
before the inner ring section of the circlip is locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing, the boss section of the gear contacts an inner race of the second rolling bearing. 5. The output shaft support structure according to claim 3, wherein
after the inner ring section of the circlip is locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing, the boss section of the gear separates from an inner race of the second rolling bearing. 6. The output shaft support structure according to claim 1, wherein
the supporting body includes, at a position opposing the rotating shaft, a first groove which is annular and in which a circlip is housed, and an outer race of the first rolling bearing includes a second groove which is annular and in which an inner ring section of the circlip is locked. 7. The output shaft support structure according to claim 6, wherein
before the inner ring section of the circlip is locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing, the boss section of the gear contacts an inner race of the second rolling bearing. 8. The output shaft support structure according to claim 6, wherein
after the inner ring section of the circlip is locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing, the boss section of the gear separates from an inner race of the second rolling bearing. 9. An output shaft assembly method for assembling, in a supporting body, an output shaft that includes: a rotating shaft; a first rolling bearing fixed to a tip section of the rotating shaft; a second rolling bearing fixed to a rear end section of the rotating shaft; and a gear including a boss section fixed to the rotating shaft,
the output shaft assembly method comprising: contacting the boss section of the gear of the output shaft with an inner race of the second rolling bearing in an assembly process; and separating the boss section of the gear from the inner race of the second rolling bearing after assembly. 10. The output shaft assembly method according to claim 9, wherein
the supporting body includes, at a position opposing the rotating shaft, a first groove which is annular and in which a circlip is housed, an outer race of the first rolling bearing includes a second groove which is annular and in which an inner ring section of the circlip is locked, the assembly process is before the inner ring section of the circlip is locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing, and after the assembly, the inner ring section of the circlip has been locked in the second groove of the first rolling bearing. 11. The output shaft assembly method according to claim 10, wherein
over a period from the assembly process to after the assembly, a lower end of the rotating shaft is always separated from the supporting body. 12. The output shaft assembly method according to claim 9, wherein
over a period from the assembly process to after the assembly, a lower end of the rotating shaft is always separated from the supporting body. | 2,600 |
346,412 | 16,804,849 | 2,631 | Some embodiments may be associated with a peer-to-peer platform as a service framework. A control plane processor may push a workload associated with a client request to a peer-to-peer platform as a service in accordance with resource availability. A data plane may include a plurality of node processors, and a first node processor may receive a job from the control plane and determine if: (i) the first node processor will execute the job, (ii) the first node processor will queue the job for later execution, or (iii) the first node processor will route the job to another node processor. In some embodiments, the first node processor may provide sandboxing for tenant specific execution (e.g., implemented via web assembly). | 1. A system, comprising:
a control plane processor to push a workload associated with a client request to a peer-to-peer platform as a service in accordance with resource availability, and a data plane including a plurality of node processors, wherein a first node processor receives a job from the control plane and determine if:
(i) the first node processor will execute the job,
(ii) the first node processor will queue the job for later execution, or
(iii) the first node processor will route the job to another node processor. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the workload is associated with at least one of: (i) a one-time job, and (ii) a batch job. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the control plane processor comprises an orchestrator that publishes the workload via an exposed Representational State Transfer (“REST”) Application Programming Interface (“API”). 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the orchestrator acts as a gateway to provide Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (“HTTP”) on top of a Distributed Hash Table (“DHT”). 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the orchestrator is further to divide the workload into multiple jobs to be executed by multiple node processors in parallel. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the orchestrator is further to authenticate a client that submitted the client request. 7. The system of claim 3, wherein the orchestrator is made highly available using at least one of: (i) floating Internet Protocol (“IP”) address, and (ii) a Domain Name System (“DNS”) mechanism. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first node processor provides sandboxing for tenant specific execution. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the sandboxing is implemented via web assembly. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the first node processor the sandboxing is associated with a Trusted Execution Environment (“TEE”). 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the workload is associated with executing a use test case to peer-to-peer node processors. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the workload is associated with delegating a build system to peer-to-peer node processors. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the workload is associated with offloading an anti-virus scan to peer-to-peer node processors. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the workload is associated with offloading an image processing task to peer-to-peer node processors. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the image processing task is associated with a Single Instruction, Multiple Data (“SIMD”) task. 16. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
pushing, by a control plane processor, a workload associated with a client request to a peer-to-peer platform as a service in accordance with resource availability; receiving, at a first node processor of a data plane including a plurality of node processors, a job from the control plane; deciding, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will execute the job; deciding, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will queue the job for later execution; and deciding, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will route the job to another node processor. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the workload is associated with at least one of: (i) a one-time job, and (ii) a batch job. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the control plane processor comprises an orchestrator that publishes the workload via an exposed Representational State Transfer (“REST”) Application Programming Interface (“API”). 19. A non-transitory, computer readable medium having executable instructions stored therein, the medium comprising:
instruction to push, by a control plane processor, a workload associated with a client request to a peer-to-peer platform as a service in accordance with resource availability; instruction to receive, at a first node processor of a data plane including a plurality of node processors, a job from the control plane; instruction to decide, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will execute the job; instruction to decide, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will queue the job for later execution; and instruction to decide, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will route the job to another node processor. 20. The medium of claim 19, wherein the first node processor provides sandboxing for tenant specific execution. 21. The medium of claim 20, wherein the sandboxing is implemented via web assembly. | Some embodiments may be associated with a peer-to-peer platform as a service framework. A control plane processor may push a workload associated with a client request to a peer-to-peer platform as a service in accordance with resource availability. A data plane may include a plurality of node processors, and a first node processor may receive a job from the control plane and determine if: (i) the first node processor will execute the job, (ii) the first node processor will queue the job for later execution, or (iii) the first node processor will route the job to another node processor. In some embodiments, the first node processor may provide sandboxing for tenant specific execution (e.g., implemented via web assembly).1. A system, comprising:
a control plane processor to push a workload associated with a client request to a peer-to-peer platform as a service in accordance with resource availability, and a data plane including a plurality of node processors, wherein a first node processor receives a job from the control plane and determine if:
(i) the first node processor will execute the job,
(ii) the first node processor will queue the job for later execution, or
(iii) the first node processor will route the job to another node processor. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the workload is associated with at least one of: (i) a one-time job, and (ii) a batch job. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the control plane processor comprises an orchestrator that publishes the workload via an exposed Representational State Transfer (“REST”) Application Programming Interface (“API”). 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the orchestrator acts as a gateway to provide Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (“HTTP”) on top of a Distributed Hash Table (“DHT”). 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the orchestrator is further to divide the workload into multiple jobs to be executed by multiple node processors in parallel. 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the orchestrator is further to authenticate a client that submitted the client request. 7. The system of claim 3, wherein the orchestrator is made highly available using at least one of: (i) floating Internet Protocol (“IP”) address, and (ii) a Domain Name System (“DNS”) mechanism. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first node processor provides sandboxing for tenant specific execution. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the sandboxing is implemented via web assembly. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the first node processor the sandboxing is associated with a Trusted Execution Environment (“TEE”). 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the workload is associated with executing a use test case to peer-to-peer node processors. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the workload is associated with delegating a build system to peer-to-peer node processors. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the workload is associated with offloading an anti-virus scan to peer-to-peer node processors. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the workload is associated with offloading an image processing task to peer-to-peer node processors. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the image processing task is associated with a Single Instruction, Multiple Data (“SIMD”) task. 16. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
pushing, by a control plane processor, a workload associated with a client request to a peer-to-peer platform as a service in accordance with resource availability; receiving, at a first node processor of a data plane including a plurality of node processors, a job from the control plane; deciding, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will execute the job; deciding, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will queue the job for later execution; and deciding, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will route the job to another node processor. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the workload is associated with at least one of: (i) a one-time job, and (ii) a batch job. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the control plane processor comprises an orchestrator that publishes the workload via an exposed Representational State Transfer (“REST”) Application Programming Interface (“API”). 19. A non-transitory, computer readable medium having executable instructions stored therein, the medium comprising:
instruction to push, by a control plane processor, a workload associated with a client request to a peer-to-peer platform as a service in accordance with resource availability; instruction to receive, at a first node processor of a data plane including a plurality of node processors, a job from the control plane; instruction to decide, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will execute the job; instruction to decide, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will queue the job for later execution; and instruction to decide, by the first node processor, if the first node processor will route the job to another node processor. 20. The medium of claim 19, wherein the first node processor provides sandboxing for tenant specific execution. 21. The medium of claim 20, wherein the sandboxing is implemented via web assembly. | 2,600 |
346,413 | 16,804,834 | 2,631 | An autonomous driving delivery system that delivers luggage to a user by an autonomous driving vehicle includes: an early delivery request reception unit configured to receive a request for early delivery of the luggage from a user's mobile terminal; a position information acquisition unit configured to acquire position information of the user's mobile terminal when the early delivery request reception unit receives the request for early delivery; a candidate delivery location proposal unit configured to propose at least one candidate delivery location from a plurality of predetermined stop locations to the user's mobile terminal based on the position information when the position information is acquired by the position information acquisition unit; and a delivery location determination unit configured to designate the candidate delivery location selected by the user as a delivery location of the luggage. | 1. An autonomous driving delivery system that delivers luggage to a user by an autonomous driving vehicle, comprising:
an early delivery request reception unit configured to receive a request for early delivery of the luggage from a user's mobile terminal; a position information acquisition unit configured to acquire position information of the user's mobile terminal when the early delivery request reception unit receives the request for early delivery; a candidate delivery location proposal unit configured to propose at least one candidate delivery location from a plurality of predetermined stop locations to the user's mobile terminal based on the position information when the position information is acquired by the position information acquisition unit; and a delivery location determination unit configured to designate the candidate delivery location selected by the user as a delivery location of the luggage. 2. The autonomous driving delivery system according to claim 1,
wherein the candidate delivery location proposal unit is configured to acquire road traffic information relating to the plurality of stop locations, and propose the candidate delivery location to the user based on the road traffic information and the position information. 3. The autonomous driving delivery system according to claim 1,
wherein the early delivery request reception unit is configured to be able to receive the request for early delivery of the luggage when the delivery of the luggage is a redelivery. 4. The autonomous driving delivery system according to claim 3,
wherein the candidate delivery location proposal unit is configured to propose only the stop locations close to the position of the user's mobile terminal as the candidate delivery locations when the number of redeliveries of the luggage is equal to or greater than a determination threshold value compared to a case that the number of redeliveries of the luggage is less than the determination threshold value. 5. The autonomous driving delivery system according to claim 2,
wherein the early delivery request reception unit is configured to be able to receive the request for early delivery of the luggage when the delivery of the luggage is a redelivery. 6. The autonomous driving delivery system according to claim 5,
wherein the candidate delivery location proposal unit is configured to propose only the stop locations close to the position of the user's mobile terminal as the candidate delivery locations when the number of redeliveries of the luggage is equal to or greater than a determination threshold value compared to a case that the number of redeliveries of the luggage is less than the determination threshold value. | An autonomous driving delivery system that delivers luggage to a user by an autonomous driving vehicle includes: an early delivery request reception unit configured to receive a request for early delivery of the luggage from a user's mobile terminal; a position information acquisition unit configured to acquire position information of the user's mobile terminal when the early delivery request reception unit receives the request for early delivery; a candidate delivery location proposal unit configured to propose at least one candidate delivery location from a plurality of predetermined stop locations to the user's mobile terminal based on the position information when the position information is acquired by the position information acquisition unit; and a delivery location determination unit configured to designate the candidate delivery location selected by the user as a delivery location of the luggage.1. An autonomous driving delivery system that delivers luggage to a user by an autonomous driving vehicle, comprising:
an early delivery request reception unit configured to receive a request for early delivery of the luggage from a user's mobile terminal; a position information acquisition unit configured to acquire position information of the user's mobile terminal when the early delivery request reception unit receives the request for early delivery; a candidate delivery location proposal unit configured to propose at least one candidate delivery location from a plurality of predetermined stop locations to the user's mobile terminal based on the position information when the position information is acquired by the position information acquisition unit; and a delivery location determination unit configured to designate the candidate delivery location selected by the user as a delivery location of the luggage. 2. The autonomous driving delivery system according to claim 1,
wherein the candidate delivery location proposal unit is configured to acquire road traffic information relating to the plurality of stop locations, and propose the candidate delivery location to the user based on the road traffic information and the position information. 3. The autonomous driving delivery system according to claim 1,
wherein the early delivery request reception unit is configured to be able to receive the request for early delivery of the luggage when the delivery of the luggage is a redelivery. 4. The autonomous driving delivery system according to claim 3,
wherein the candidate delivery location proposal unit is configured to propose only the stop locations close to the position of the user's mobile terminal as the candidate delivery locations when the number of redeliveries of the luggage is equal to or greater than a determination threshold value compared to a case that the number of redeliveries of the luggage is less than the determination threshold value. 5. The autonomous driving delivery system according to claim 2,
wherein the early delivery request reception unit is configured to be able to receive the request for early delivery of the luggage when the delivery of the luggage is a redelivery. 6. The autonomous driving delivery system according to claim 5,
wherein the candidate delivery location proposal unit is configured to propose only the stop locations close to the position of the user's mobile terminal as the candidate delivery locations when the number of redeliveries of the luggage is equal to or greater than a determination threshold value compared to a case that the number of redeliveries of the luggage is less than the determination threshold value. | 2,600 |
346,414 | 16,804,852 | 3,624 | Program placement can include: generating a user interface including at least one match indicator of how well a current user of a placement platform matches to one or more of a plurality of programs registered on the placement platform; and determining the match indicator by matching a set current data pertaining to how the current user has used the placement platform to seek placement among the programs to a set of history data pertaining to how each of a set of prior users of the placement platform had used the placement platform to seek placement among the programs. | 1. A placement platform, comprising:
a user interface including at least one match indicator of how well a current user of the placement platform matches to one or more of a plurality of programs registered on the placement platform; and a data matcher that determines the match indicator by matching a set current data describing a set of placement activities undertaken by the current user via the placement platform while the current user is currently seeking placement among the programs to a set of history data describing a set of placement activities undertaken by a set of prior users of the placement platform back when the prior users were using the placement platform to seek placement among the programs. 2. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the user interface is presented to the current user while the current user seeks placement among the programs. 3. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the user interface is presented to an administrator of one of the programs who seeks to evaluate the current user. 4. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the data matcher matches an aspect of a user profile of the current user to a corresponding aspect of a user profile of each of the prior users from the history data. 5. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the data matcher matches a record in the current data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by the current user via the placement platform to a set of records in the history data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by each of the prior users. 6. The placement platform of claim 5, wherein the placement activities comprise at least one scheduling interaction with at least one of the programs. 7. The placement platform of claim 5, wherein the placement activities comprise a sequence of scheduling interactions with at least one of the programs. 8. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the data matcher matches a record in the current data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by the current user via the scheduling platform to a set of records in the history data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by each of the prior users and further matches an aspect of a user profile of the current user to a corresponding aspect of a user profile of each of the prior users from the history data. 9. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the data matcher updates the match indicator in response to a new placement activity undertaken by the current user via the placement platform. 10. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the data matcher matches a set of questionnaire data obtained from the current user to a respective relevant set of questionnaire data in the history data obtained from each of the prior users. 11. A method for program placement, comprising:
generating a user interface including at least one match indicator of how well a current user of a placement platform matches to one or more of a plurality of programs registered on the placement platform; and determining the match indicator by matching a set current data describing a set of placement activities undertaken by the current user via the placement platform while the current user is currently seeking placement among the programs to a set of history data describing a set of placement activities undertaken by a set of prior users of the placement platform back when the prior users were using the placement platform to seek placement among the programs. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising presenting the user interface to the current user while the current user seeks placement among the programs. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising presenting the user interface to an administrator of one of the programs who seeks to evaluate the current user. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein matching comprises matching an aspect of a user profile of the current user to a corresponding aspect of a user profile of each of the prior users from the history data. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein matching comprises matching a record in the current data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by the current user via the placement platform to a set of records in the history data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by each of the prior users. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the placement activities comprise at least one scheduling interaction with at least one of the programs. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the placement activities comprise a sequence of scheduling interactions with at least one of the programs. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein matching comprises matching a record in the current data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by the current user via the scheduling platform to a set of records in the history data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by each of the prior users and further matching an aspect of a user profile of the current user to a corresponding aspect of a user profile of each of the prior users from the history data. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising updating the match indicator in response to a new placement activity undertaken by the current user via the placement platform. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein matching comprises matching a set of questionnaire data obtained from the current user to a respective relevant set of questionnaire data in the history data obtained from each of the prior users. | Program placement can include: generating a user interface including at least one match indicator of how well a current user of a placement platform matches to one or more of a plurality of programs registered on the placement platform; and determining the match indicator by matching a set current data pertaining to how the current user has used the placement platform to seek placement among the programs to a set of history data pertaining to how each of a set of prior users of the placement platform had used the placement platform to seek placement among the programs.1. A placement platform, comprising:
a user interface including at least one match indicator of how well a current user of the placement platform matches to one or more of a plurality of programs registered on the placement platform; and a data matcher that determines the match indicator by matching a set current data describing a set of placement activities undertaken by the current user via the placement platform while the current user is currently seeking placement among the programs to a set of history data describing a set of placement activities undertaken by a set of prior users of the placement platform back when the prior users were using the placement platform to seek placement among the programs. 2. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the user interface is presented to the current user while the current user seeks placement among the programs. 3. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the user interface is presented to an administrator of one of the programs who seeks to evaluate the current user. 4. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the data matcher matches an aspect of a user profile of the current user to a corresponding aspect of a user profile of each of the prior users from the history data. 5. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the data matcher matches a record in the current data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by the current user via the placement platform to a set of records in the history data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by each of the prior users. 6. The placement platform of claim 5, wherein the placement activities comprise at least one scheduling interaction with at least one of the programs. 7. The placement platform of claim 5, wherein the placement activities comprise a sequence of scheduling interactions with at least one of the programs. 8. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the data matcher matches a record in the current data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by the current user via the scheduling platform to a set of records in the history data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by each of the prior users and further matches an aspect of a user profile of the current user to a corresponding aspect of a user profile of each of the prior users from the history data. 9. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the data matcher updates the match indicator in response to a new placement activity undertaken by the current user via the placement platform. 10. The placement platform of claim 1, wherein the data matcher matches a set of questionnaire data obtained from the current user to a respective relevant set of questionnaire data in the history data obtained from each of the prior users. 11. A method for program placement, comprising:
generating a user interface including at least one match indicator of how well a current user of a placement platform matches to one or more of a plurality of programs registered on the placement platform; and determining the match indicator by matching a set current data describing a set of placement activities undertaken by the current user via the placement platform while the current user is currently seeking placement among the programs to a set of history data describing a set of placement activities undertaken by a set of prior users of the placement platform back when the prior users were using the placement platform to seek placement among the programs. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising presenting the user interface to the current user while the current user seeks placement among the programs. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising presenting the user interface to an administrator of one of the programs who seeks to evaluate the current user. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein matching comprises matching an aspect of a user profile of the current user to a corresponding aspect of a user profile of each of the prior users from the history data. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein matching comprises matching a record in the current data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by the current user via the placement platform to a set of records in the history data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by each of the prior users. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the placement activities comprise at least one scheduling interaction with at least one of the programs. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the placement activities comprise a sequence of scheduling interactions with at least one of the programs. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein matching comprises matching a record in the current data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by the current user via the scheduling platform to a set of records in the history data of one or more of the placement activities undertaken by each of the prior users and further matching an aspect of a user profile of the current user to a corresponding aspect of a user profile of each of the prior users from the history data. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising updating the match indicator in response to a new placement activity undertaken by the current user via the placement platform. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein matching comprises matching a set of questionnaire data obtained from the current user to a respective relevant set of questionnaire data in the history data obtained from each of the prior users. | 3,600 |
346,415 | 16,804,842 | 3,624 | Provided is a printing apparatus including a support portion supporting a medium, a movement unit configured to move the support portion in a movement direction, a printing unit configured to perform printing on the medium when the support portion is in a printing region, and a control unit configured to control movement of the support portion. The movement unit includes a belt movement mechanism configured to move the support portion by rotating an endless belt, and a linear movement mechanism configured to move the support portion with a linear motor. The control unit moves the support portion with the linear movement mechanism when the support portion moves in the first range with the printing unit performing printing on the medium and moves the support portion with the belt movement mechanism when the support portion moves within the second range. | 1. A printing apparatus comprising:
a support portion supporting a medium; a movement unit configured to move the support portion in a movement direction; a printing unit configured to perform printing on the medium when the support portion is in a printing region; and a control unit configured to control movement of the support portion, the movement unit including: a belt movement mechanism including a rotary motor and an endless belt coupled to a rotor of the rotary motor, and configured to move the support portion by rotating the endless belt through rotating the rotor; and a linear movement mechanism configured to move the support portion with a linear motor, wherein when a range in which the support portion moves in the printing region is defined as a first range and a range in which the support portion moves outside of the printing region is defined as a second range, the control unit moves the support portion with the linear movement mechanism when the support portion moves in the first range with the printing unit performing printing on the medium, and the control unit moves the support portion with the belt movement mechanism when the support portion moves within the second range. 2. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit moves the support portion with the belt movement mechanism when the support portion moves in the first range without the printing unit performing printing on the medium. 3. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the linear movement mechanism is provided in a region corresponding to the first range and not provided in a region corresponding to the second range. 4. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the belt movement mechanism is provided in a region corresponding to the second range and further provided in a region corresponding to the first range. 5. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a detector configured to detect a position of the support portion in the movement direction, wherein a detection range of the detector is a range corresponding to the first range. 6. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a guide portion extending in the movement direction of the support portion and configured to guide movement of the support portion, wherein when viewed from the movement direction, a cross-sectional area of the guide portion in the second range is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the guide portion in the first range. 7. A moving method for a support portion in a printing apparatus including:
a support portion supporting a medium; a movement unit configured to move the support portion in a movement direction; and a printing unit configured to perform printing on the medium when the support portion is in a printing region, the movement unit including: a belt movement mechanism including a rotary motor and an endless belt coupled to a rotor of the rotary motor, and configured to move the support portion by rotating the endless belt through rotating the rotor; and a linear movement mechanism configured to move the support portion with a linear motor, the method comprising: when a range in which the support portion moves in the printing region is defined as a first range and a range in which the support portion moves outside of the printing region is defined as a second range; moving the support portion with the linear movement mechanism when the support portion moves in the first range with the printing unit performing printing on the medium; and moving the support portion with the belt movement mechanism when the support portion moves in the second range. | Provided is a printing apparatus including a support portion supporting a medium, a movement unit configured to move the support portion in a movement direction, a printing unit configured to perform printing on the medium when the support portion is in a printing region, and a control unit configured to control movement of the support portion. The movement unit includes a belt movement mechanism configured to move the support portion by rotating an endless belt, and a linear movement mechanism configured to move the support portion with a linear motor. The control unit moves the support portion with the linear movement mechanism when the support portion moves in the first range with the printing unit performing printing on the medium and moves the support portion with the belt movement mechanism when the support portion moves within the second range.1. A printing apparatus comprising:
a support portion supporting a medium; a movement unit configured to move the support portion in a movement direction; a printing unit configured to perform printing on the medium when the support portion is in a printing region; and a control unit configured to control movement of the support portion, the movement unit including: a belt movement mechanism including a rotary motor and an endless belt coupled to a rotor of the rotary motor, and configured to move the support portion by rotating the endless belt through rotating the rotor; and a linear movement mechanism configured to move the support portion with a linear motor, wherein when a range in which the support portion moves in the printing region is defined as a first range and a range in which the support portion moves outside of the printing region is defined as a second range, the control unit moves the support portion with the linear movement mechanism when the support portion moves in the first range with the printing unit performing printing on the medium, and the control unit moves the support portion with the belt movement mechanism when the support portion moves within the second range. 2. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit moves the support portion with the belt movement mechanism when the support portion moves in the first range without the printing unit performing printing on the medium. 3. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the linear movement mechanism is provided in a region corresponding to the first range and not provided in a region corresponding to the second range. 4. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the belt movement mechanism is provided in a region corresponding to the second range and further provided in a region corresponding to the first range. 5. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a detector configured to detect a position of the support portion in the movement direction, wherein a detection range of the detector is a range corresponding to the first range. 6. The printing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising:
a guide portion extending in the movement direction of the support portion and configured to guide movement of the support portion, wherein when viewed from the movement direction, a cross-sectional area of the guide portion in the second range is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the guide portion in the first range. 7. A moving method for a support portion in a printing apparatus including:
a support portion supporting a medium; a movement unit configured to move the support portion in a movement direction; and a printing unit configured to perform printing on the medium when the support portion is in a printing region, the movement unit including: a belt movement mechanism including a rotary motor and an endless belt coupled to a rotor of the rotary motor, and configured to move the support portion by rotating the endless belt through rotating the rotor; and a linear movement mechanism configured to move the support portion with a linear motor, the method comprising: when a range in which the support portion moves in the printing region is defined as a first range and a range in which the support portion moves outside of the printing region is defined as a second range; moving the support portion with the linear movement mechanism when the support portion moves in the first range with the printing unit performing printing on the medium; and moving the support portion with the belt movement mechanism when the support portion moves in the second range. | 3,600 |
346,416 | 16,804,823 | 3,624 | An object of the present invention is to provide an angiogenic agent that can sufficiently exhibit an angiogenic effect due to mesenchymal stem cells in a state where the angiogenic agent does not allow permeation of host cells while being protected from immune rejection, and a method for method for manufacturing the same. According to the present invention, an angiogenic agent including a mesenchymal stem cell (A); and an immunoisolation membrane (B) that encloses the mesenchymal stem cell is provided. | 1. An angiogenesis method which comprises transplanting, to a subject in need of angiogenesis, a cell transplant device including a mesenchymal stem cell (A) and an immunoisolation membrane (B) that encloses the mesenchymal stem cell. 2. The angiogenesis method according to claim 1, wherein the mesenchymal stem cell is an adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell or a bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell. 3. The angiogenesis method according to claim 1, wherein the immunoisolation membrane is a porous membrane including a polymer. 4. The angiogenesis method according to claim 3, wherein a minimum pore diameter of the porous membrane is 0.02 μm to 1.5 μm. 5. The angiogenesis method according to claim 3, wherein a thickness of the porous membrane is 10 μm to 250 μm. 6. The angiogenesis method according to claim 3, wherein, within an inner side of the porous membrane, a layered compact portion in which a pore diameter is minimized is present, and a pore diameter continuously increases in a thickness direction from the compact portion toward at least one surface of the porous membrane. 7. The angiogenesis method according to claim 6, wherein a thickness of the compact portion is 0.5 μm to 30 μm. 8. The angiogenesis method according to claim 3, wherein a ratio of a maximum pore diameter to a minimum pore diameter of the porous membrane is 3.0 to 20.0. 9. The angiogenesis method according to claim 3, wherein the porous membrane contains at least one kind of polysulfone or polyvinylpyrrolidone. 10. The angiogenesis method according to claim 1, wherein the mesenchymal stem cell is contained as a cell structure which includes a plurality of biocompatible polymer blocks and a plurality of mesenchymal stem cells of at least one type, and in which at least one of the biocompatible polymer blocks is disposed in gaps between the plurality of mesenchymal stem cells. 11. The angiogenesis method according to claim 10, wherein a size of one of the biocompatible polymer blocks is 20 μm to 200 μm. 12. The angiogenesis method according to claim 10, wherein, in the biocompatible polymer block, a biocompatible polymer is cross-linked by heat, ultraviolet rays, or an enzyme. 13. The angiogenesis method according to claim 10, wherein the biocompatible polymer block has an amorphous shape. 14. The angiogenesis method according to claim 10, wherein the cell structure includes 0.0000001 μg to 1 μg of the biocompatible polymer blocks per cell. | An object of the present invention is to provide an angiogenic agent that can sufficiently exhibit an angiogenic effect due to mesenchymal stem cells in a state where the angiogenic agent does not allow permeation of host cells while being protected from immune rejection, and a method for method for manufacturing the same. According to the present invention, an angiogenic agent including a mesenchymal stem cell (A); and an immunoisolation membrane (B) that encloses the mesenchymal stem cell is provided.1. An angiogenesis method which comprises transplanting, to a subject in need of angiogenesis, a cell transplant device including a mesenchymal stem cell (A) and an immunoisolation membrane (B) that encloses the mesenchymal stem cell. 2. The angiogenesis method according to claim 1, wherein the mesenchymal stem cell is an adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell or a bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell. 3. The angiogenesis method according to claim 1, wherein the immunoisolation membrane is a porous membrane including a polymer. 4. The angiogenesis method according to claim 3, wherein a minimum pore diameter of the porous membrane is 0.02 μm to 1.5 μm. 5. The angiogenesis method according to claim 3, wherein a thickness of the porous membrane is 10 μm to 250 μm. 6. The angiogenesis method according to claim 3, wherein, within an inner side of the porous membrane, a layered compact portion in which a pore diameter is minimized is present, and a pore diameter continuously increases in a thickness direction from the compact portion toward at least one surface of the porous membrane. 7. The angiogenesis method according to claim 6, wherein a thickness of the compact portion is 0.5 μm to 30 μm. 8. The angiogenesis method according to claim 3, wherein a ratio of a maximum pore diameter to a minimum pore diameter of the porous membrane is 3.0 to 20.0. 9. The angiogenesis method according to claim 3, wherein the porous membrane contains at least one kind of polysulfone or polyvinylpyrrolidone. 10. The angiogenesis method according to claim 1, wherein the mesenchymal stem cell is contained as a cell structure which includes a plurality of biocompatible polymer blocks and a plurality of mesenchymal stem cells of at least one type, and in which at least one of the biocompatible polymer blocks is disposed in gaps between the plurality of mesenchymal stem cells. 11. The angiogenesis method according to claim 10, wherein a size of one of the biocompatible polymer blocks is 20 μm to 200 μm. 12. The angiogenesis method according to claim 10, wherein, in the biocompatible polymer block, a biocompatible polymer is cross-linked by heat, ultraviolet rays, or an enzyme. 13. The angiogenesis method according to claim 10, wherein the biocompatible polymer block has an amorphous shape. 14. The angiogenesis method according to claim 10, wherein the cell structure includes 0.0000001 μg to 1 μg of the biocompatible polymer blocks per cell. | 3,600 |
346,417 | 16,804,884 | 3,624 | A LED tube has a first tube section and a second tube section. The first tube section and the second tube section are connected with a rotation structure. With the rotation structure, the first tube section and the second tube section may be rotated with respect to each other along a rotation axis. | 1. a lighting apparatus comprising:
a first tube section having a first section housing, a first light passing cover, and a first light source, the first section housing and the first light passing cover forming a first container enclosing the first light source, a first light emitted from the first light source passing through the first light passing cover; a second tube section having a second section housing, a second light passing cover, and a second light source, the second section housing and the section light passing cover forming a second container enclosing the first light source, a second light emitted from the second light source passing through the second light passing cover; and a rotation structure, connecting to a first rotation end of the first tube section and a second rotation end of the second tube section, the first tube section being rotatable with respect to the second tube section for folding the first tube section to the second tube section. 2. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first section housing and the second section housing prevent light passing through the first section housing and the second section housing. 3. The lighting apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first tube section has a first main light direction, the second tube section has a second main light direction, the first main light direction and the second main light direction are facing to each other when the first tube section is folded to contact the second tube section. 4. The lighting apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first tube section has a first main light direction, the second tube section has a second main light direction, the first main light direction and the second main light direction are opposite to each other when the first tube section is folded to contact the second tube section. 5. The lighting apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first tube section has a first cap end, the second tube section has a second cap end, the first cap end and the second cap end receive a power input supplying to the first light source and the second light source. 6. The lighting apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first tube section has a first cap end, the first light source receives a power from the first cap end and the rotation end. 7. The lighting apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first tube section has a first main light direction, the second tube section has a second main light direction, the first main light direction and the second main light direction are parallel to each other when the first tube section is folded to contact the second tube section. 8. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first light source and the second light source are controlled to emit a first light pattern when the first tube section is not folded to the second tube section, the first light source and the second light source are controlled to emit a second light pattern when the first tube section is filed to the second tube section, the first light pattern and the second light pattern are different. 9. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first tube section has an elongated box shape, the first light passing cover has a top cover and two lateral covers for emitting light in three directions. 10. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotation structure is detachable. 11. The lighting apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first tube section has a first cap end and a first hidden cap, the second tube section has a second cap end and a second hidden cap, the first cap end and the first hidden cap has the same interface, the first hidden cap is concealed by the rotation structure when the rotation structure is not detached from the first tube section. 12. The lighting apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first cap end and the first hidden cap match a T8 light tube socket. 13. The lighting apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first cap and the second hidden cap match a T5 light tube socket. 14. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotation structure is a rotation shaft. 15. The lighting apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first light source and the second light source are electrically connected via a conductive unit attached to the rotation shaft. 16. The lighting apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first tube section has a first cap end opposite to the first rotation end, the second tube section has a second cap end opposite to the second rotation end, the first light source receives a first driving current via the first cap end, the second light source receives a second driving current from the second cap end, the first light source and the second light source are electricity insulated at the rotation shaft. 17. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a first driver circuit and a second driver circuit, wherein the first driver circuit is disposed in the first tube section, the second driver circuit is disposed in the second tube section, the first driver circuit and the second driver circuit work together to generate a shared driving current to the first light source and the second light source. 18. The lighting apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first driver circuit and the second driver circuit generate heat with a relative amount ratio less than 10%. 19. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first tube section has a first cap end, the second tube section has a second cap end, the first cap end having a connector structure to be further connected to another lighting apparatus of claim 1 to integrate as a longer lighting device. 20. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotation structure contains an attached device for adding a function to the lighting apparatus. | A LED tube has a first tube section and a second tube section. The first tube section and the second tube section are connected with a rotation structure. With the rotation structure, the first tube section and the second tube section may be rotated with respect to each other along a rotation axis.1. a lighting apparatus comprising:
a first tube section having a first section housing, a first light passing cover, and a first light source, the first section housing and the first light passing cover forming a first container enclosing the first light source, a first light emitted from the first light source passing through the first light passing cover; a second tube section having a second section housing, a second light passing cover, and a second light source, the second section housing and the section light passing cover forming a second container enclosing the first light source, a second light emitted from the second light source passing through the second light passing cover; and a rotation structure, connecting to a first rotation end of the first tube section and a second rotation end of the second tube section, the first tube section being rotatable with respect to the second tube section for folding the first tube section to the second tube section. 2. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first section housing and the second section housing prevent light passing through the first section housing and the second section housing. 3. The lighting apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first tube section has a first main light direction, the second tube section has a second main light direction, the first main light direction and the second main light direction are facing to each other when the first tube section is folded to contact the second tube section. 4. The lighting apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first tube section has a first main light direction, the second tube section has a second main light direction, the first main light direction and the second main light direction are opposite to each other when the first tube section is folded to contact the second tube section. 5. The lighting apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first tube section has a first cap end, the second tube section has a second cap end, the first cap end and the second cap end receive a power input supplying to the first light source and the second light source. 6. The lighting apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first tube section has a first cap end, the first light source receives a power from the first cap end and the rotation end. 7. The lighting apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first tube section has a first main light direction, the second tube section has a second main light direction, the first main light direction and the second main light direction are parallel to each other when the first tube section is folded to contact the second tube section. 8. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first light source and the second light source are controlled to emit a first light pattern when the first tube section is not folded to the second tube section, the first light source and the second light source are controlled to emit a second light pattern when the first tube section is filed to the second tube section, the first light pattern and the second light pattern are different. 9. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first tube section has an elongated box shape, the first light passing cover has a top cover and two lateral covers for emitting light in three directions. 10. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotation structure is detachable. 11. The lighting apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first tube section has a first cap end and a first hidden cap, the second tube section has a second cap end and a second hidden cap, the first cap end and the first hidden cap has the same interface, the first hidden cap is concealed by the rotation structure when the rotation structure is not detached from the first tube section. 12. The lighting apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first cap end and the first hidden cap match a T8 light tube socket. 13. The lighting apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first cap and the second hidden cap match a T5 light tube socket. 14. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotation structure is a rotation shaft. 15. The lighting apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first light source and the second light source are electrically connected via a conductive unit attached to the rotation shaft. 16. The lighting apparatus of claim 14, wherein the first tube section has a first cap end opposite to the first rotation end, the second tube section has a second cap end opposite to the second rotation end, the first light source receives a first driving current via the first cap end, the second light source receives a second driving current from the second cap end, the first light source and the second light source are electricity insulated at the rotation shaft. 17. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a first driver circuit and a second driver circuit, wherein the first driver circuit is disposed in the first tube section, the second driver circuit is disposed in the second tube section, the first driver circuit and the second driver circuit work together to generate a shared driving current to the first light source and the second light source. 18. The lighting apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first driver circuit and the second driver circuit generate heat with a relative amount ratio less than 10%. 19. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first tube section has a first cap end, the second tube section has a second cap end, the first cap end having a connector structure to be further connected to another lighting apparatus of claim 1 to integrate as a longer lighting device. 20. The lighting apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotation structure contains an attached device for adding a function to the lighting apparatus. | 3,600 |
346,418 | 16,804,862 | 3,624 | Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for wireless communication. The method generally includes receiving, from a network entity, signaling indicating a transmission configuration indictor (TCI) state, determining a default quasi-co location (QCL) parameter based on the TCI state for communication via a first cell of a cross-carrier scheduling protocol, and communicating with the network entity based on the default QCL parameter. | 1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving, from a network entity, signaling indicating a transmission configuration indictor (TCI) state; determining a default quasi-co location (QCL) parameter based on the TCI state for communication via a first cell of a cross-carrier scheduling protocol; and communicating with the network entity based on the default QCL parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the default QCL parameter is configured for communication when another QCL parameter is unavailable. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving signaling comprises receiving radio resource control (RRC) signaling indicating a set of TCI states including the TCI state, wherein each of the set of TCI states is associated with an identifier (ID), and wherein the default QCL parameter is determined based on the TCI state of the set of TCI states having the lowest ID across the set of TCI states. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the RRC signaling is configured for an active bandwidth part (BWP) of the first cell. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the method further comprises receiving RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states, each of the set of TCI states being associated with an ID; the signaling indicating the TCI state comprises a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating one or more active TCI states of the set of the TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the default QCL is determined based on the TCI state of the one or more active TCI states having the lowest ID across the set of TCI states. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the signaling comprises RRC signaling having an RRC parameter indicating the default QCL. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the method further comprises receiving RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states; the signaling comprises MAC CE indicating the TCI state of the set of the TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the default QCL is determined based on the TCI state indicated via the MAC CE. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the method further comprises receiving RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states; the method further comprises receiving MAC CE indicating a subset of active TCI states of the set of TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the signaling comprises downlink control information (DCI) indicating the TCI state from the subset of active TCI states. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the signaling comprises RRC signaling configuring at least one control resource set (CORESET), the TCI state being determined based on at least one search space set associated with the CORESET. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one CORESET is configured for the first cell. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one search space set comprises one or more time domain locations based on which the default QCL parameter is determined. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the TCI state based on the at least one search space set comprises determining the TCI state based on a time domain location where the at least one search space set is configured. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the cross-carrier scheduling protocol is associated with a second used to schedule resources in the first cell. 14. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting, to a user-equipment (UE), signaling indicating a transmission configuration indictor (TCI) state, wherein the TCI state is for communication via a first cell of a cross-carrier scheduling protocol; and communicating with the UE based on a default QCL parameter determined based on the TCI state. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the default QCL parameter is used for the communication when another QCL parameter is unavailable. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein transmitting the signaling comprises transmitting radio resource control (RRC) signaling indicating a set of TCI states, wherein each of the set of TCI states is associated with an identifier (ID), and wherein the default QCL parameter corresponds to the TCI of the set of TCI states having the lowest ID across the set of TCI states. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the RRC signaling is configured for an active bandwidth part (BWP) of the first cell. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the method further comprises transmitting RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states, each of the set of TCI states being associated with an ID; the signaling comprises medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating one or more active TCI states of the set of the TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the default QCL corresponds to the TCI state of the one or more active TCI states having the lowest ID across the set of TCI states. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the signaling comprises RRC signaling having an RRC parameter indicating the default QCL. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the method further comprises transmitting RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states; the signaling comprises MAC CE indicating the TCI state of the set of the TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the default QCL corresponds to the TCI indicated via the MAC CE. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the method further comprises transmitting RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states; the method further comprises transmitting MAC CE indicating a subset of active TCI states of the set of TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the signaling comprises downlink control information (DCI) indicating the TCI state from the subset of active TCI states. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein the signaling comprises RRC signaling configuring at least one control resource set (CORESET), the TCI state corresponding to at least one search space set associated with the CORESET. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one CORESET is configured for the first cell. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one search space set comprises one or more time domain locations corresponding to the default QCL parameter. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the TCI state corresponds to a time domain location where the at least one search space set is configured. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the cross-carrier scheduling protocol is associated with a second cell used to schedule resources in the first cell. 27. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and a processing system coupled to the memory, wherein the processing system and the memory are configured to:
receive, from a network entity, signaling indicating a transmission configuration indictor (TCI) state;
determine a default quasi-co location (QCL) parameter based on the TCI state for communication via a first cell of a cross-carrier scheduling protocol; and
communicate with the network entity based on the default QCL parameter. 28. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and a processing system coupled to the memory, wherein the processing system and the memory are configured to:
transmit, to a user-equipment (UE), signaling indicating a transmission configuration indictor (TCI) state, wherein the TCI state is for communication via a first cell of a cross-carrier scheduling protocol; and
communicate with the UE based on a default QCL parameter determined based on the TCI state. | Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for wireless communication. The method generally includes receiving, from a network entity, signaling indicating a transmission configuration indictor (TCI) state, determining a default quasi-co location (QCL) parameter based on the TCI state for communication via a first cell of a cross-carrier scheduling protocol, and communicating with the network entity based on the default QCL parameter.1. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
receiving, from a network entity, signaling indicating a transmission configuration indictor (TCI) state; determining a default quasi-co location (QCL) parameter based on the TCI state for communication via a first cell of a cross-carrier scheduling protocol; and communicating with the network entity based on the default QCL parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the default QCL parameter is configured for communication when another QCL parameter is unavailable. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving signaling comprises receiving radio resource control (RRC) signaling indicating a set of TCI states including the TCI state, wherein each of the set of TCI states is associated with an identifier (ID), and wherein the default QCL parameter is determined based on the TCI state of the set of TCI states having the lowest ID across the set of TCI states. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the RRC signaling is configured for an active bandwidth part (BWP) of the first cell. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the method further comprises receiving RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states, each of the set of TCI states being associated with an ID; the signaling indicating the TCI state comprises a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating one or more active TCI states of the set of the TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the default QCL is determined based on the TCI state of the one or more active TCI states having the lowest ID across the set of TCI states. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the signaling comprises RRC signaling having an RRC parameter indicating the default QCL. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the method further comprises receiving RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states; the signaling comprises MAC CE indicating the TCI state of the set of the TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the default QCL is determined based on the TCI state indicated via the MAC CE. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the method further comprises receiving RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states; the method further comprises receiving MAC CE indicating a subset of active TCI states of the set of TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the signaling comprises downlink control information (DCI) indicating the TCI state from the subset of active TCI states. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the signaling comprises RRC signaling configuring at least one control resource set (CORESET), the TCI state being determined based on at least one search space set associated with the CORESET. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one CORESET is configured for the first cell. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one search space set comprises one or more time domain locations based on which the default QCL parameter is determined. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein determining the TCI state based on the at least one search space set comprises determining the TCI state based on a time domain location where the at least one search space set is configured. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the cross-carrier scheduling protocol is associated with a second used to schedule resources in the first cell. 14. A method for wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting, to a user-equipment (UE), signaling indicating a transmission configuration indictor (TCI) state, wherein the TCI state is for communication via a first cell of a cross-carrier scheduling protocol; and communicating with the UE based on a default QCL parameter determined based on the TCI state. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the default QCL parameter is used for the communication when another QCL parameter is unavailable. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein transmitting the signaling comprises transmitting radio resource control (RRC) signaling indicating a set of TCI states, wherein each of the set of TCI states is associated with an identifier (ID), and wherein the default QCL parameter corresponds to the TCI of the set of TCI states having the lowest ID across the set of TCI states. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the RRC signaling is configured for an active bandwidth part (BWP) of the first cell. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the method further comprises transmitting RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states, each of the set of TCI states being associated with an ID; the signaling comprises medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) indicating one or more active TCI states of the set of the TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the default QCL corresponds to the TCI state of the one or more active TCI states having the lowest ID across the set of TCI states. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the signaling comprises RRC signaling having an RRC parameter indicating the default QCL. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the method further comprises transmitting RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states; the signaling comprises MAC CE indicating the TCI state of the set of the TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the default QCL corresponds to the TCI indicated via the MAC CE. 21. The method of claim 14, wherein:
the method further comprises transmitting RRC signaling configuring a set of TCI states; the method further comprises transmitting MAC CE indicating a subset of active TCI states of the set of TCI states configured via the RRC signaling; and the signaling comprises downlink control information (DCI) indicating the TCI state from the subset of active TCI states. 22. The method of claim 14, wherein the signaling comprises RRC signaling configuring at least one control resource set (CORESET), the TCI state corresponding to at least one search space set associated with the CORESET. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one CORESET is configured for the first cell. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the at least one search space set comprises one or more time domain locations corresponding to the default QCL parameter. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein the TCI state corresponds to a time domain location where the at least one search space set is configured. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the cross-carrier scheduling protocol is associated with a second cell used to schedule resources in the first cell. 27. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and a processing system coupled to the memory, wherein the processing system and the memory are configured to:
receive, from a network entity, signaling indicating a transmission configuration indictor (TCI) state;
determine a default quasi-co location (QCL) parameter based on the TCI state for communication via a first cell of a cross-carrier scheduling protocol; and
communicate with the network entity based on the default QCL parameter. 28. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:
a memory; and a processing system coupled to the memory, wherein the processing system and the memory are configured to:
transmit, to a user-equipment (UE), signaling indicating a transmission configuration indictor (TCI) state, wherein the TCI state is for communication via a first cell of a cross-carrier scheduling protocol; and
communicate with the UE based on a default QCL parameter determined based on the TCI state. | 3,600 |
346,419 | 16,804,890 | 3,773 | An expandable, adjustable inter-body fusion device is presented. The inter-body fusion device can have a first plate, a second plate, and an insert positioned substantially therebetween the first plate and the second plate. The first plate, the second plate, and the insert define an interior cavity. Moving the insert longitudinally with respect to the first and second plates increases or decreases the distance of the first plate with respect to the second plate, effectively expanding the inter-body fusion device and increasing the volume of the interior cavity. The angle between the first plate and the second plate is selectively adjustable. | 1. An inter-body fusion device for use in surgery comprising:
a first plate having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper bone contact surface, an opposed first plate inner surface, and a first plate longitudinal axis; a second plate having a leading edge, a trailing edge, a lower bone contact surface, an opposed second plate inner surface, and a second plate longitudinal axis wherein the first plate, wherein the first plate substantially overlies the second plate and is positioned such that the first plate longitudinal axis and the second plate longitudinal axis form a device angle; and an insert comprising a first member having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper plate contact surface and an opposed lower plate contact surface, and a second member having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper plate contact surface and an opposed lower plate contact surface, the insert positioned substantially therebetween the first plate and the second plate, wherein movement of the first member longitudinally with respect to the first and second plates increases a distance between a portion of the leading edge of the first and second plates and movement of the second member longitudinally with respect to the first and second plates increases the distance between a portion of the trailing edge of the first and second plates, and wherein the first and second members operate independently, enabling a user to selectively alter both the distance between the first plate and the second plate and the device angle. 2. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the device angle is substantially 0 degrees such that the first plate and the second plate are substantially parallel to each other. 3. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the device angle is an acute angle between about 1 degree and about 45 degrees. 4. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the device angle is an acute angle between about 5 degrees and about 30 degrees. 5. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the device angle is an acute angle between about 10 degrees and about 20 degrees. 6. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the first plate comprises a pair of longitudinal sidewalls extending from a portion of the first plate inner surface, and the second plate comprises a pair of longitudinal sidewalls extending from a portion of the second plate inner surface, and wherein one of the pairs of longitudinal sidewalls in is positioned within the other pair of longitudinal sidewalls. 7. The inter-body fusion device of claim 6, wherein the longitudinal sidewall of the first plate defines a first inclined slot and a second inclined slot, each slot having a leading end and a trailing end, the leading end being positioned closer to the leading edge of the first plate. 8. The inter-body fusion device of claim 7, wherein the first slot is defined along a first slot axis which is positioned at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the first plate, and wherein the second slot is defined along a second slot axis which is positioned at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the first plate. 9. The inter-body fusion device of claim 8, wherein the first slot axis and the second slot axis are parallel to one another. 10. The inter-body fusion device of claim 8, wherein the first slot axis and the second slot axis are substantially transverse. 11. The inter-body fusion device of claim 7, wherein the longitudinal sidewall of the second plate defines a third inclined slot and a fourth inclined slot, each slot having a leading end and a trailing end. 12. The inter-body fusion device of claim 11, wherein the third slot is defined along a third slot axis which is positioned at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the second plate, and wherein the fourth slot is defined along a fourth slot axis which is positioned at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the second plate. 13. The inter-body fusion device of claim 12, wherein the third slot axis and the fourth slot axis are parallel to one another. 14. The inter-body fusion device of claim 12, wherein the third slot axis and the fourth slot axis are substantially transverse. 15. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the first member is spaced from the second member. 16. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein portions of the first member are positioned and configured to act on portions of the leading edge of the first plate and portions of the leading edge of the second plate to facilitate expanding portions of the inter-body fusion device by selectively separating portions of the leading edges of the first and second plates. 17. The inter-body fusion device of claim 16, wherein portions of the second member are positioned and configured to act on portions of the trailing edge of the first plate and portions of the trailing edge of the second plate to facilitate expanding portions of the inter-body fusion device by selectively separating portions of the trailing edges of the first and second plates. 18. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the trailing edge of the first member defines a first bore configured to engage a threaded shaft, wherein rotation of the threaded shaft in a first direction moves the first member proximally and rotation of the threaded shaft in a second direction moves the first member distally. 19. The inter-body fusion device of claim 18, wherein the second member defines a second bore that extends longitudinally through the second member, the second bore configured to engage a second threaded shaft, wherein rotation of the second threaded shaft in a first direction moves the second member proximally and rotation of the second threaded shaft in a second direction moves the second member distally. 20. The inter-body fusion device of claim 19, wherein a distal end of the second threaded shaft defines a feature to engage an actuation device, such that rotation of the actuation device can rotate the second threaded shaft. 21. The inter-body fusion device of claim 20, wherein a longitudinal duct is defined therethrough the second threaded shaft configured to enable at least a portion of the actuation device to be inserted through the longitudinal duct. 22. A method of using an inter-body fusion device during an inter-body fusion procedure comprising:
accessing a desired disc space; choosing an inter-body fusion device size with an appropriate height, the inter-body fusion device comprising: a first plate having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper bone contact surface, an opposed first plate inner surface, and a first plate longitudinal axis; a second plate having a leading edge, a trailing edge, a lower bone contact surface, an opposed second plate inner surface, and a second plate longitudinal axis wherein the first plate, wherein the first plate substantially overlies the second plate and is positioned such that the first plate longitudinal axis and the second plate longitudinal axis form a device angle; and an insert comprising a first member having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper plate contact surface and an opposed lower plate contact surface, and a second member having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper plate contact surface and an opposed lower plate contact surface, the insert positioned substantially therebetween the first plate and the second plate, wherein movement of the first member longitudinally with respect to the first and second plates increases the distance between a portion of the leading edge of the first and second plates and movement of the second member longitudinally with respect to the first and second plates increases the distance between a portion of the trailing edge of the first and second plates, and wherein the first and second members operate independently, enabling a user to selectively alter both the distance between the first plate and the second plate and the device angle; inserting the inter-body fusion device into the desired disc space; expanding the inter-body fusion device from a first unexpanded position to a second expanded position with longitudinal movement of the insert; and adjusting the angle of the of the first plate relative to the second plate. | An expandable, adjustable inter-body fusion device is presented. The inter-body fusion device can have a first plate, a second plate, and an insert positioned substantially therebetween the first plate and the second plate. The first plate, the second plate, and the insert define an interior cavity. Moving the insert longitudinally with respect to the first and second plates increases or decreases the distance of the first plate with respect to the second plate, effectively expanding the inter-body fusion device and increasing the volume of the interior cavity. The angle between the first plate and the second plate is selectively adjustable.1. An inter-body fusion device for use in surgery comprising:
a first plate having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper bone contact surface, an opposed first plate inner surface, and a first plate longitudinal axis; a second plate having a leading edge, a trailing edge, a lower bone contact surface, an opposed second plate inner surface, and a second plate longitudinal axis wherein the first plate, wherein the first plate substantially overlies the second plate and is positioned such that the first plate longitudinal axis and the second plate longitudinal axis form a device angle; and an insert comprising a first member having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper plate contact surface and an opposed lower plate contact surface, and a second member having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper plate contact surface and an opposed lower plate contact surface, the insert positioned substantially therebetween the first plate and the second plate, wherein movement of the first member longitudinally with respect to the first and second plates increases a distance between a portion of the leading edge of the first and second plates and movement of the second member longitudinally with respect to the first and second plates increases the distance between a portion of the trailing edge of the first and second plates, and wherein the first and second members operate independently, enabling a user to selectively alter both the distance between the first plate and the second plate and the device angle. 2. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the device angle is substantially 0 degrees such that the first plate and the second plate are substantially parallel to each other. 3. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the device angle is an acute angle between about 1 degree and about 45 degrees. 4. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the device angle is an acute angle between about 5 degrees and about 30 degrees. 5. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the device angle is an acute angle between about 10 degrees and about 20 degrees. 6. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the first plate comprises a pair of longitudinal sidewalls extending from a portion of the first plate inner surface, and the second plate comprises a pair of longitudinal sidewalls extending from a portion of the second plate inner surface, and wherein one of the pairs of longitudinal sidewalls in is positioned within the other pair of longitudinal sidewalls. 7. The inter-body fusion device of claim 6, wherein the longitudinal sidewall of the first plate defines a first inclined slot and a second inclined slot, each slot having a leading end and a trailing end, the leading end being positioned closer to the leading edge of the first plate. 8. The inter-body fusion device of claim 7, wherein the first slot is defined along a first slot axis which is positioned at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the first plate, and wherein the second slot is defined along a second slot axis which is positioned at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the first plate. 9. The inter-body fusion device of claim 8, wherein the first slot axis and the second slot axis are parallel to one another. 10. The inter-body fusion device of claim 8, wherein the first slot axis and the second slot axis are substantially transverse. 11. The inter-body fusion device of claim 7, wherein the longitudinal sidewall of the second plate defines a third inclined slot and a fourth inclined slot, each slot having a leading end and a trailing end. 12. The inter-body fusion device of claim 11, wherein the third slot is defined along a third slot axis which is positioned at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the second plate, and wherein the fourth slot is defined along a fourth slot axis which is positioned at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the second plate. 13. The inter-body fusion device of claim 12, wherein the third slot axis and the fourth slot axis are parallel to one another. 14. The inter-body fusion device of claim 12, wherein the third slot axis and the fourth slot axis are substantially transverse. 15. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the first member is spaced from the second member. 16. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein portions of the first member are positioned and configured to act on portions of the leading edge of the first plate and portions of the leading edge of the second plate to facilitate expanding portions of the inter-body fusion device by selectively separating portions of the leading edges of the first and second plates. 17. The inter-body fusion device of claim 16, wherein portions of the second member are positioned and configured to act on portions of the trailing edge of the first plate and portions of the trailing edge of the second plate to facilitate expanding portions of the inter-body fusion device by selectively separating portions of the trailing edges of the first and second plates. 18. The inter-body fusion device of claim 1, wherein the trailing edge of the first member defines a first bore configured to engage a threaded shaft, wherein rotation of the threaded shaft in a first direction moves the first member proximally and rotation of the threaded shaft in a second direction moves the first member distally. 19. The inter-body fusion device of claim 18, wherein the second member defines a second bore that extends longitudinally through the second member, the second bore configured to engage a second threaded shaft, wherein rotation of the second threaded shaft in a first direction moves the second member proximally and rotation of the second threaded shaft in a second direction moves the second member distally. 20. The inter-body fusion device of claim 19, wherein a distal end of the second threaded shaft defines a feature to engage an actuation device, such that rotation of the actuation device can rotate the second threaded shaft. 21. The inter-body fusion device of claim 20, wherein a longitudinal duct is defined therethrough the second threaded shaft configured to enable at least a portion of the actuation device to be inserted through the longitudinal duct. 22. A method of using an inter-body fusion device during an inter-body fusion procedure comprising:
accessing a desired disc space; choosing an inter-body fusion device size with an appropriate height, the inter-body fusion device comprising: a first plate having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper bone contact surface, an opposed first plate inner surface, and a first plate longitudinal axis; a second plate having a leading edge, a trailing edge, a lower bone contact surface, an opposed second plate inner surface, and a second plate longitudinal axis wherein the first plate, wherein the first plate substantially overlies the second plate and is positioned such that the first plate longitudinal axis and the second plate longitudinal axis form a device angle; and an insert comprising a first member having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper plate contact surface and an opposed lower plate contact surface, and a second member having a leading edge, a trailing edge, an upper plate contact surface and an opposed lower plate contact surface, the insert positioned substantially therebetween the first plate and the second plate, wherein movement of the first member longitudinally with respect to the first and second plates increases the distance between a portion of the leading edge of the first and second plates and movement of the second member longitudinally with respect to the first and second plates increases the distance between a portion of the trailing edge of the first and second plates, and wherein the first and second members operate independently, enabling a user to selectively alter both the distance between the first plate and the second plate and the device angle; inserting the inter-body fusion device into the desired disc space; expanding the inter-body fusion device from a first unexpanded position to a second expanded position with longitudinal movement of the insert; and adjusting the angle of the of the first plate relative to the second plate. | 3,700 |
346,420 | 16,804,863 | 3,773 | The present invention relates to methods of treating patients with WHIM syndrome or related disorders, such as myelokathexis, in which X4P-001 is administered in order to reduce the activity of CXCR4. The methods demonstrate surprising effectiveness, with comparatively little toxicity. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for treating WHIM syndrome in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient about 200 mg, about 250 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 450 mg, about 500 mg, or about 600 mg of X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof per day in a single or divided dose. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in a dose of about 400 mg per day in a single or divided dose. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient exhibits warts. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein cells taken from the patient exhibit expression of a mutant form of CXCR4. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein cells taken from the patient exhibit increased expression of CXCR4. 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising the step of obtaining a biological sample from the patient and measuring the amount of a disease-related biomarker. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the biological sample is a blood sample. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the disease-related biomarker is circulating CXCR4, SDF-1α/CXCL12, or GRK3 (G protein coupled receptor kinase 3). 29. The method of claim 22, wherein the X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof is administered orally once per day. 30. The method of claim 22, wherein the X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof is administered orally twice per day. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the patient is in a fasted state when the X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered. 32. The method of claim 22, wherein the patient originally exhibited ANC less than 600/μL and/or ALC less than 1000/μL before treatment with X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 33. The method of claim 22, wherein the patient originally exhibited ANC less than 400/μL before treatment with X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof on at least two independent blood samples collected over a period of up to 14 days. 34. The method of claim 22, wherein the patient originally exhibited ANC less than 400/μL and/or ALC less than 650/μL before treatment with X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof on at least two independent blood samples collected over a period of up to 14 days. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the method results in increases in ANC levels to at least about 600/μL on at least 85% of assessments. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein the method results in increases in ALC to at least about 1000/μL on at least 85% of assessments. 37. The method of claim 33, wherein the method results in improved levels of protective antibody in the patient in response to a vaccine. 38. The method of claim 33, wherein the method results in at least 50% less respiratory tract infections. 39. The method of claim 33, wherein the method results in increased levels of total circulating WBC, neutrophils, and/or lymphocytes to at least 1.4× baseline. | The present invention relates to methods of treating patients with WHIM syndrome or related disorders, such as myelokathexis, in which X4P-001 is administered in order to reduce the activity of CXCR4. The methods demonstrate surprising effectiveness, with comparatively little toxicity.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method for treating WHIM syndrome in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient about 200 mg, about 250 mg, about 300 mg, about 400 mg, about 450 mg, about 500 mg, or about 600 mg of X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof per day in a single or divided dose. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in a dose of about 400 mg per day in a single or divided dose. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the patient exhibits warts. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein cells taken from the patient exhibit expression of a mutant form of CXCR4. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein cells taken from the patient exhibit increased expression of CXCR4. 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising the step of obtaining a biological sample from the patient and measuring the amount of a disease-related biomarker. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the biological sample is a blood sample. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the disease-related biomarker is circulating CXCR4, SDF-1α/CXCL12, or GRK3 (G protein coupled receptor kinase 3). 29. The method of claim 22, wherein the X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof is administered orally once per day. 30. The method of claim 22, wherein the X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or composition thereof is administered orally twice per day. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein the patient is in a fasted state when the X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered. 32. The method of claim 22, wherein the patient originally exhibited ANC less than 600/μL and/or ALC less than 1000/μL before treatment with X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 33. The method of claim 22, wherein the patient originally exhibited ANC less than 400/μL before treatment with X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof on at least two independent blood samples collected over a period of up to 14 days. 34. The method of claim 22, wherein the patient originally exhibited ANC less than 400/μL and/or ALC less than 650/μL before treatment with X4P-001 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof on at least two independent blood samples collected over a period of up to 14 days. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the method results in increases in ANC levels to at least about 600/μL on at least 85% of assessments. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein the method results in increases in ALC to at least about 1000/μL on at least 85% of assessments. 37. The method of claim 33, wherein the method results in improved levels of protective antibody in the patient in response to a vaccine. 38. The method of claim 33, wherein the method results in at least 50% less respiratory tract infections. 39. The method of claim 33, wherein the method results in increased levels of total circulating WBC, neutrophils, and/or lymphocytes to at least 1.4× baseline. | 3,700 |
346,421 | 16,804,871 | 3,773 | A hitch that connects to a chassis of the work vehicle and rotates with respect to the chassis includes a first bracket connected to a first portion of the chassis, a first stabilizer bar connected to the first bracket, and a first hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar. The first hitch arm has a free end that engages a work implement. A second bracket is connected to a second portion of the chassis. The second portion of the chassis is spaced from the first portion of the chassis, so that the second bracket is spaced apart from and independent of the first bracket. A second stabilizer bar is connected to the second bracket. A second hitch arm is connected to the first stabilizer bar. The second hitch has a free end configured to selectively engage the work implement. | 1. A work vehicle comprising:
a ground-engaging implement; a chassis supported on the ground-engaging implement; a prime mover configured to move the chassis along a ground surface; a hitch connected to the chassis and configured to rotate with respect to the chassis, the hitch having
a first bracket connected to a first portion of the chassis,
a first stabilizer bar connected to the first bracket,
a first hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the first hitch arm configured to selectively engage a work implement,
a second bracket connected to a second portion of the chassis, the second portion of the chassis being spaced from the first portion of the chassis, such that the second bracket is spaced apart from and independent of the first bracket,
a second stabilizer bar connected to the second bracket, and
a second hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the second hitch having a free end configured to selectively engage the work implement,
a controller in electrical communication with the first stabilizer bar, with the second stabilizer bar, and with the work implement; and a user interface engageable by a user and in electrical communication with the controller. 2. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the first stabilizer bar is configured to move the first hitch arm with respect to the first bracket and the second stabilizer bar is configured to move the second hitch arm with respect to the second bracket. 3. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the first bracket includes a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion being connected to the chassis and the second end portion being connected to the first stabilizer bar. 4. The work vehicle of claim 3, wherein the second bracket includes a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion being connected to the chassis and the second end portion being connected to the second stabilizer bar. 5. The work vehicle of claim 4, wherein the first end portion of the first bracket is spaced a first distance from the first end portion of the second bracket and wherein the second end portion of the second bracket is spaced a second distance from the second end portion of the second bracket. 6. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the chassis includes a first side portion and a second side portion, opposite the first side portion, wherein the first bracket is connected to the first side portion of the chassis and the second bracket is connected to the second side portion of the chassis. 7. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the chassis includes one of a mating recess and a mating protrusion and the first bracket includes the other of the mating recess and the mating protrusion, wherein the mating recess receives the mating protrusion while the first bracket is connected to the chassis. 8. The work vehicle of claim 7, further comprising a fastener extending through a portion of the chassis and through a portion of the first bracket to connect the first bracket to the chassis. 9. The work vehicle of claim 7, further comprising a plurality of fasteners, each of the plurality of fasteners extending through a portion of the chassis and through a portion of the first bracket to connect the first bracket to the chassis. 10. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the chassis defines a first recess and a second recess,
wherein the first bracket includes a first protrusion configured to extend into the first recess while the first bracket is connected to the chassis, and wherein the second bracket includes a second protrusion configured to extend into the second recess while the second bracket is connected to the chassis. 11. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the first bracket is connected to the second bracket only indirectly through the chassis. 12. A hitch for a work vehicle, the hitch configured to connected to a chassis of the work vehicle and configured to rotate with respect to the chassis, the hitch comprising:
a first bracket configured to be connected to a first portion of the chassis; a first stabilizer bar connected to the first bracket; a first hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the first hitch arm having a free end configured to selectively engage a work implement; a second bracket configured to be connected to a second portion of the chassis, the second portion of the chassis being spaced from the first portion of the chassis, such that the second bracket is spaced apart from and independent of the first bracket; a second stabilizer bar connected to the second bracket; and a second hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the second hitch having a free end configured to selectively engage the work implement. 13. The hitch of claim 12, wherein the first stabilizer bar is configured to move the first hitch arm with respect to the first bracket and the second stabilizer bar is configured to move the second hitch arm with respect to the second bracket. 14. The hitch of claim 12, wherein the first bracket includes a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion configured to be connected to the chassis and the second end portion being connected to the first stabilizer bar. 15. The hitch of claim 14, wherein the second bracket includes a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion configured to be connected to the chassis and the second end portion being connected to the second stabilizer bar. 16. The hitch of claim 12, wherein the first bracket includes one of a mating recess and a mating protrusion and the chassis is configured to include the other of the mating recess and the mating protrusion, wherein the mating recess receives the mating protrusion while the first bracket is connected to the chassis. 17. The hitch of claim 16, further comprising a fastener extending through a portion of the first bracket and configured to extend through a portion of the chassis, such that the fastener is configured to connect the first bracket to the chassis. 18. The hitch of claim 1, wherein the chassis is configured to defines a first recess and a second recess,
wherein the first bracket includes a first protrusion configured to extend into the first recess while the first bracket is connected to the chassis, and wherein the second bracket includes a second protrusion configured to extend into the second recess while the second bracket is connected to the chassis. 19. The hitch of claim 1, wherein the first bracket is connected to the second bracket only indirectly through the chassis. 20. A work vehicle comprising:
a ground-engaging implement; a chassis supported on the ground-engaging implement, the chassis including a first side portion and a second side portion, opposite the first side portion; a prime mover configured to move the chassis along a ground surface on the ground-engaging implement; a hitch connected to the chassis and configured to rotate with respect to the chassis, the hitch having
a first bracket including a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion being connected to the first side portion of the chassis,
a first stabilizer bar connected to the second end portion of the first bracket,
a first hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the first hitch arm having a free end configured to selectively engage a work implement,
a first lift arm connected to the chassis and connected to the first hitch arm, the first hitch arm being moveable with respect to the first bracket by the first lift arm,
a second bracket including a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion being connected to the second side portion of the chassis, the second portion of the chassis being spaced from the first portion of the chassis, such that the first end portion of the first bracket is spaced from the first end portion of the second bracket, and the second end portion of the second bracket is spaced from the second end portion of the second bracket, the first bracket being connected to the second bracket only indirectly through the chassis,
a second stabilizer bar connected to the second end portion of the second bracket, and
a second hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the second hitch having a free end configured to selectively engage the work implement,
a second lift arm connected to the chassis and connected to the second hitch arm, the second hitch arm being moveable with respect to the second bracket by the second lift arm,
a plurality of fasteners, each of the plurality of fasteners extending through a portion of the chassis and through a portion of the first bracket to connect the first bracket to the chassis; wherein the chassis includes one of a first mating recess and a first mating protrusion and the first bracket includes the other of the first mating recess and the first mating protrusion, wherein the first mating recess receives the first mating protrusion while the first bracket is connected to the chassis, and wherein the chassis includes one of a second mating recess and a second mating protrusion and the second bracket includes the other of the second mating recess and the second mating protrusion, wherein the second mating recess receives the second mating protrusion while the second bracket is connected to the chassis. | A hitch that connects to a chassis of the work vehicle and rotates with respect to the chassis includes a first bracket connected to a first portion of the chassis, a first stabilizer bar connected to the first bracket, and a first hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar. The first hitch arm has a free end that engages a work implement. A second bracket is connected to a second portion of the chassis. The second portion of the chassis is spaced from the first portion of the chassis, so that the second bracket is spaced apart from and independent of the first bracket. A second stabilizer bar is connected to the second bracket. A second hitch arm is connected to the first stabilizer bar. The second hitch has a free end configured to selectively engage the work implement.1. A work vehicle comprising:
a ground-engaging implement; a chassis supported on the ground-engaging implement; a prime mover configured to move the chassis along a ground surface; a hitch connected to the chassis and configured to rotate with respect to the chassis, the hitch having
a first bracket connected to a first portion of the chassis,
a first stabilizer bar connected to the first bracket,
a first hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the first hitch arm configured to selectively engage a work implement,
a second bracket connected to a second portion of the chassis, the second portion of the chassis being spaced from the first portion of the chassis, such that the second bracket is spaced apart from and independent of the first bracket,
a second stabilizer bar connected to the second bracket, and
a second hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the second hitch having a free end configured to selectively engage the work implement,
a controller in electrical communication with the first stabilizer bar, with the second stabilizer bar, and with the work implement; and a user interface engageable by a user and in electrical communication with the controller. 2. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the first stabilizer bar is configured to move the first hitch arm with respect to the first bracket and the second stabilizer bar is configured to move the second hitch arm with respect to the second bracket. 3. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the first bracket includes a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion being connected to the chassis and the second end portion being connected to the first stabilizer bar. 4. The work vehicle of claim 3, wherein the second bracket includes a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion being connected to the chassis and the second end portion being connected to the second stabilizer bar. 5. The work vehicle of claim 4, wherein the first end portion of the first bracket is spaced a first distance from the first end portion of the second bracket and wherein the second end portion of the second bracket is spaced a second distance from the second end portion of the second bracket. 6. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the chassis includes a first side portion and a second side portion, opposite the first side portion, wherein the first bracket is connected to the first side portion of the chassis and the second bracket is connected to the second side portion of the chassis. 7. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the chassis includes one of a mating recess and a mating protrusion and the first bracket includes the other of the mating recess and the mating protrusion, wherein the mating recess receives the mating protrusion while the first bracket is connected to the chassis. 8. The work vehicle of claim 7, further comprising a fastener extending through a portion of the chassis and through a portion of the first bracket to connect the first bracket to the chassis. 9. The work vehicle of claim 7, further comprising a plurality of fasteners, each of the plurality of fasteners extending through a portion of the chassis and through a portion of the first bracket to connect the first bracket to the chassis. 10. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the chassis defines a first recess and a second recess,
wherein the first bracket includes a first protrusion configured to extend into the first recess while the first bracket is connected to the chassis, and wherein the second bracket includes a second protrusion configured to extend into the second recess while the second bracket is connected to the chassis. 11. The work vehicle of claim 1, wherein the first bracket is connected to the second bracket only indirectly through the chassis. 12. A hitch for a work vehicle, the hitch configured to connected to a chassis of the work vehicle and configured to rotate with respect to the chassis, the hitch comprising:
a first bracket configured to be connected to a first portion of the chassis; a first stabilizer bar connected to the first bracket; a first hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the first hitch arm having a free end configured to selectively engage a work implement; a second bracket configured to be connected to a second portion of the chassis, the second portion of the chassis being spaced from the first portion of the chassis, such that the second bracket is spaced apart from and independent of the first bracket; a second stabilizer bar connected to the second bracket; and a second hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the second hitch having a free end configured to selectively engage the work implement. 13. The hitch of claim 12, wherein the first stabilizer bar is configured to move the first hitch arm with respect to the first bracket and the second stabilizer bar is configured to move the second hitch arm with respect to the second bracket. 14. The hitch of claim 12, wherein the first bracket includes a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion configured to be connected to the chassis and the second end portion being connected to the first stabilizer bar. 15. The hitch of claim 14, wherein the second bracket includes a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion configured to be connected to the chassis and the second end portion being connected to the second stabilizer bar. 16. The hitch of claim 12, wherein the first bracket includes one of a mating recess and a mating protrusion and the chassis is configured to include the other of the mating recess and the mating protrusion, wherein the mating recess receives the mating protrusion while the first bracket is connected to the chassis. 17. The hitch of claim 16, further comprising a fastener extending through a portion of the first bracket and configured to extend through a portion of the chassis, such that the fastener is configured to connect the first bracket to the chassis. 18. The hitch of claim 1, wherein the chassis is configured to defines a first recess and a second recess,
wherein the first bracket includes a first protrusion configured to extend into the first recess while the first bracket is connected to the chassis, and wherein the second bracket includes a second protrusion configured to extend into the second recess while the second bracket is connected to the chassis. 19. The hitch of claim 1, wherein the first bracket is connected to the second bracket only indirectly through the chassis. 20. A work vehicle comprising:
a ground-engaging implement; a chassis supported on the ground-engaging implement, the chassis including a first side portion and a second side portion, opposite the first side portion; a prime mover configured to move the chassis along a ground surface on the ground-engaging implement; a hitch connected to the chassis and configured to rotate with respect to the chassis, the hitch having
a first bracket including a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion being connected to the first side portion of the chassis,
a first stabilizer bar connected to the second end portion of the first bracket,
a first hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the first hitch arm having a free end configured to selectively engage a work implement,
a first lift arm connected to the chassis and connected to the first hitch arm, the first hitch arm being moveable with respect to the first bracket by the first lift arm,
a second bracket including a first end portion and a second end portion spaced from the first end portion, the first end portion being connected to the second side portion of the chassis, the second portion of the chassis being spaced from the first portion of the chassis, such that the first end portion of the first bracket is spaced from the first end portion of the second bracket, and the second end portion of the second bracket is spaced from the second end portion of the second bracket, the first bracket being connected to the second bracket only indirectly through the chassis,
a second stabilizer bar connected to the second end portion of the second bracket, and
a second hitch arm connected to the first stabilizer bar, the second hitch having a free end configured to selectively engage the work implement,
a second lift arm connected to the chassis and connected to the second hitch arm, the second hitch arm being moveable with respect to the second bracket by the second lift arm,
a plurality of fasteners, each of the plurality of fasteners extending through a portion of the chassis and through a portion of the first bracket to connect the first bracket to the chassis; wherein the chassis includes one of a first mating recess and a first mating protrusion and the first bracket includes the other of the first mating recess and the first mating protrusion, wherein the first mating recess receives the first mating protrusion while the first bracket is connected to the chassis, and wherein the chassis includes one of a second mating recess and a second mating protrusion and the second bracket includes the other of the second mating recess and the second mating protrusion, wherein the second mating recess receives the second mating protrusion while the second bracket is connected to the chassis. | 3,700 |
346,422 | 16,804,883 | 2,668 | A system that integrates camera images and quantity sensors to determine items taken from, placed on, or moved on a shelf or other area in an autonomous store. The items and actions performed may then be attributed to a shopper near the area. Shelves may be divided into storage zones, such as bins or lanes, and a quantity sensor may measure the item quantity in each zone. Quantity changes indicate that a shopper has taken or placed items in the zone. Distance sensors, such as LIDAR, may be used for shelves that push items towards the front. Strain gauges may be used for bins or hanging rods. Quantity changes may trigger analysis of camera images of the shelf to identify the items taken or replaced. Images from multiple cameras that view a shelf may be projected to a vertical plane at the front of the shelf to simplify analysis. | 1. A camera-based tracking and authorization extension system comprising:
a processor configured to
obtain a 3D model of an area, wherein
said area comprises
a first location where a credential receiver is located; and
a second location, different from said first location, where an item storage area is located;
receive a first sequence of images captured at a corresponding sequence of times during a first time period from cameras in said area, wherein
at least a first camera of said cameras is oriented to view said first location; and,
at least a second camera of said cameras is oriented to view said second location;
project said first sequence of images onto a plane in said area, to form a sequence of projected images;
analyze said sequence of projected images and said 3D model of said area to determine locations of people in said area at said sequence of times;
receive an authorization based on a credential provided by a person to said credential receiver at a first time of said sequence of times during said first time period;
associate said authorization with said person;
calculate a position of said person at each time of said sequence of times, wherein
said position of said person at said first time is at or proximal to said first location where said credential receiver is located;
said position of said person at said each time is a location of said locations of people in said area at said each time;
when a 3D field of influence volume around said position of said person at a second time of said sequence of times intersects said item storage area,
obtain sensor data from said item storage area over a second time period containing said second time;
analyze said sensor data to identify an item taken from said item storage area during said second time period; and,
associate said item taken from said item storage area with said authorization associated with said person. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein said analyze said sequence of projected images comprises for each time in said sequence of times during said first time period,
subtract a background image from each projected image of said sequence of projected images captured at said each time to form a corresponding plurality of masks at said each time, each mask of said plurality of masks corresponding to a camera of said cameras; combine said plurality of masks at said each time to form a combined mask at said each time; and, identify one or more regions in said combined mask at said each time as said locations of people in said area at said each time. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein said one or more regions in said combined mask comprise shapes corresponding to an expected cross-sectional size of said person. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein said credential comprises one or more of
a credit card, a debit card, a bank card, an RFID tag, a mobile payment device, a mobile wallet device, an identity card, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a smart watch, smart glasses or goggles, a key fob, a driver's license, a passport, a password, a PIN, a code, a phone number, or a biometric identifier. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein
said credential comprises a form of payment linked to an account associated with said person; and, said authorization comprises an authorization to charge purchases by said person to said account. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein said processor is further configured to charge a purchase of said item taken from said item storage area to said account. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein said processor is further configured to grant access by said person to said item storage area at said second time based on said authorization. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein said grant access comprises
transmit a command to a controllable barrier to allow access to said item storage area by said person. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein
said item storage area is in a case; said controllable barrier comprises a door to said case. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein
said item storage area is in a building; said controllable barrier comprises a door to all or a portion of said building. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein
said processor is further configured to further analyze said sensor data to determine a quantity of items removed from said item storage area by said person. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein said sensor data from said item storage area comprises a second sequence of images of said item storage area captured during said second time period. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said analyze said sensor data to identify an item taken from said item storage area during said second time period comprises
compare one or more images of said second sequence of images captured at a beginning of said second time period to one or more images of said second sequence of images captured at an end of said second time period to identity changes in said item storage area. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein said analyze said sensor data to identify an item taken from said item storage area during said second time period further comprises
input said changes in said item storage area into a classifier to identify said item taken from said item storage area. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein said classifier comprises a neural network. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein said analyze said sequence of projected images comprises for each time in said sequence of times during said first time period,
input said projected images captured at said each time into a machine learning system that outputs an intensity map, wherein said intensity map comprises a likelihood at each location of said locations that one or more persons are at said each location of said locations. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein said analyze said sequence of projected images further comprises
for each time in said sequence of times during said first time period,
further input into said machine learning system a position map corresponding to each camera of said cameras in said area, wherein a value of said position map at a location on said plane is a function of a distance between said location on said plane and said each camera. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein said 3D field of influence volume comprises a standardized shape centered at said position of said person at said second time. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein said standardized shape comprises a cylinder. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein a height and a radius of said cylinder are based on an apparent size of said person in said first sequence of images. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein said plane is a horizontal plane. 22. The system of claim 1, wherein said plane is a non-horizontal plane. 23. The system of claim 1, wherein said sensor data comprises image data. 24. The system of claim 1, wherein said sensor data comprises non-image data. | A system that integrates camera images and quantity sensors to determine items taken from, placed on, or moved on a shelf or other area in an autonomous store. The items and actions performed may then be attributed to a shopper near the area. Shelves may be divided into storage zones, such as bins or lanes, and a quantity sensor may measure the item quantity in each zone. Quantity changes indicate that a shopper has taken or placed items in the zone. Distance sensors, such as LIDAR, may be used for shelves that push items towards the front. Strain gauges may be used for bins or hanging rods. Quantity changes may trigger analysis of camera images of the shelf to identify the items taken or replaced. Images from multiple cameras that view a shelf may be projected to a vertical plane at the front of the shelf to simplify analysis.1. A camera-based tracking and authorization extension system comprising:
a processor configured to
obtain a 3D model of an area, wherein
said area comprises
a first location where a credential receiver is located; and
a second location, different from said first location, where an item storage area is located;
receive a first sequence of images captured at a corresponding sequence of times during a first time period from cameras in said area, wherein
at least a first camera of said cameras is oriented to view said first location; and,
at least a second camera of said cameras is oriented to view said second location;
project said first sequence of images onto a plane in said area, to form a sequence of projected images;
analyze said sequence of projected images and said 3D model of said area to determine locations of people in said area at said sequence of times;
receive an authorization based on a credential provided by a person to said credential receiver at a first time of said sequence of times during said first time period;
associate said authorization with said person;
calculate a position of said person at each time of said sequence of times, wherein
said position of said person at said first time is at or proximal to said first location where said credential receiver is located;
said position of said person at said each time is a location of said locations of people in said area at said each time;
when a 3D field of influence volume around said position of said person at a second time of said sequence of times intersects said item storage area,
obtain sensor data from said item storage area over a second time period containing said second time;
analyze said sensor data to identify an item taken from said item storage area during said second time period; and,
associate said item taken from said item storage area with said authorization associated with said person. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein said analyze said sequence of projected images comprises for each time in said sequence of times during said first time period,
subtract a background image from each projected image of said sequence of projected images captured at said each time to form a corresponding plurality of masks at said each time, each mask of said plurality of masks corresponding to a camera of said cameras; combine said plurality of masks at said each time to form a combined mask at said each time; and, identify one or more regions in said combined mask at said each time as said locations of people in said area at said each time. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein said one or more regions in said combined mask comprise shapes corresponding to an expected cross-sectional size of said person. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein said credential comprises one or more of
a credit card, a debit card, a bank card, an RFID tag, a mobile payment device, a mobile wallet device, an identity card, a mobile phone, a smart phone, a smart watch, smart glasses or goggles, a key fob, a driver's license, a passport, a password, a PIN, a code, a phone number, or a biometric identifier. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein
said credential comprises a form of payment linked to an account associated with said person; and, said authorization comprises an authorization to charge purchases by said person to said account. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein said processor is further configured to charge a purchase of said item taken from said item storage area to said account. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein said processor is further configured to grant access by said person to said item storage area at said second time based on said authorization. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein said grant access comprises
transmit a command to a controllable barrier to allow access to said item storage area by said person. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein
said item storage area is in a case; said controllable barrier comprises a door to said case. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein
said item storage area is in a building; said controllable barrier comprises a door to all or a portion of said building. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein
said processor is further configured to further analyze said sensor data to determine a quantity of items removed from said item storage area by said person. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein said sensor data from said item storage area comprises a second sequence of images of said item storage area captured during said second time period. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein said analyze said sensor data to identify an item taken from said item storage area during said second time period comprises
compare one or more images of said second sequence of images captured at a beginning of said second time period to one or more images of said second sequence of images captured at an end of said second time period to identity changes in said item storage area. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein said analyze said sensor data to identify an item taken from said item storage area during said second time period further comprises
input said changes in said item storage area into a classifier to identify said item taken from said item storage area. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein said classifier comprises a neural network. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein said analyze said sequence of projected images comprises for each time in said sequence of times during said first time period,
input said projected images captured at said each time into a machine learning system that outputs an intensity map, wherein said intensity map comprises a likelihood at each location of said locations that one or more persons are at said each location of said locations. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein said analyze said sequence of projected images further comprises
for each time in said sequence of times during said first time period,
further input into said machine learning system a position map corresponding to each camera of said cameras in said area, wherein a value of said position map at a location on said plane is a function of a distance between said location on said plane and said each camera. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein said 3D field of influence volume comprises a standardized shape centered at said position of said person at said second time. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein said standardized shape comprises a cylinder. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein a height and a radius of said cylinder are based on an apparent size of said person in said first sequence of images. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein said plane is a horizontal plane. 22. The system of claim 1, wherein said plane is a non-horizontal plane. 23. The system of claim 1, wherein said sensor data comprises image data. 24. The system of claim 1, wherein said sensor data comprises non-image data. | 2,600 |
346,423 | 16,804,901 | 2,668 | The invention relates to surfactants of general formula (I) in which R1 and R2 represent independently of one another represent H and SO3 −X+ with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R2 is not H, n and m represent independently from each other numbers from 0-21 under the proviso that 4<n+m<26, and X+ represents a charge-balancing anion. The surfactants can be incorporated into detergents or cleaning agents, have excellent technological application properties and can be produced based on renewable raw materials. | 1. An anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 2. A method for preparing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 3. A washing or cleaning agent containing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 4. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it contains 1 wt. % to 99 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 5. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it additionally contains up to 99 wt. % of additional surfactant. 6. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it is particulate and contains builders, or in that it is liquid and contains 1 wt. % to 90 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 7. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it is portioned ready for individual dosing in a chamber made of water-soluble material and contains less than 15 wt. % of water. 8. The surfactant according to claim 1 wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20 and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. 9. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 10. The agent according to claim 5, wherein it additionally contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of additional surfactant. 11. The agent according to claim 6, wherein it contains builders in an amount in the range of 1 wt. % to 60 wt. %, or in that it is liquid and contains 10 wt. % to 85 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 12. The agent according to claim 7, wherein the water-soluble chamber contains a range of 1 wt. % to 12 wt. %, of water. 13. The surfactant according to claim 8, wherein the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 6<n+m<18. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20, and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. 15. The agent according to claim 3, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20, and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. | The invention relates to surfactants of general formula (I) in which R1 and R2 represent independently of one another represent H and SO3 −X+ with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R2 is not H, n and m represent independently from each other numbers from 0-21 under the proviso that 4<n+m<26, and X+ represents a charge-balancing anion. The surfactants can be incorporated into detergents or cleaning agents, have excellent technological application properties and can be produced based on renewable raw materials.1. An anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 2. A method for preparing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 3. A washing or cleaning agent containing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 4. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it contains 1 wt. % to 99 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 5. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it additionally contains up to 99 wt. % of additional surfactant. 6. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it is particulate and contains builders, or in that it is liquid and contains 1 wt. % to 90 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 7. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it is portioned ready for individual dosing in a chamber made of water-soluble material and contains less than 15 wt. % of water. 8. The surfactant according to claim 1 wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20 and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. 9. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 10. The agent according to claim 5, wherein it additionally contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of additional surfactant. 11. The agent according to claim 6, wherein it contains builders in an amount in the range of 1 wt. % to 60 wt. %, or in that it is liquid and contains 10 wt. % to 85 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 12. The agent according to claim 7, wherein the water-soluble chamber contains a range of 1 wt. % to 12 wt. %, of water. 13. The surfactant according to claim 8, wherein the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 6<n+m<18. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20, and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. 15. The agent according to claim 3, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20, and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. | 2,600 |
346,424 | 16,804,879 | 3,635 | The invention relates to surfactants of general formula (I) in which R1 and R2 represent independently of one another represent H and SO3 −X+ with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R2 is not H, n and m represent independently from each other numbers from 0-21 under the proviso that 4<n+m<26, and X+ represents a charge-balancing anion. The surfactants can be incorporated into detergents or cleaning agents, have excellent technological application properties and can be produced based on renewable raw materials. | 1. An anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 2. A method for preparing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 3. A washing or cleaning agent containing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 4. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it contains 1 wt. % to 99 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 5. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it additionally contains up to 99 wt. % of additional surfactant. 6. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it is particulate and contains builders, or in that it is liquid and contains 1 wt. % to 90 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 7. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it is portioned ready for individual dosing in a chamber made of water-soluble material and contains less than 15 wt. % of water. 8. The surfactant according to claim 1 wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20 and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. 9. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 10. The agent according to claim 5, wherein it additionally contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of additional surfactant. 11. The agent according to claim 6, wherein it contains builders in an amount in the range of 1 wt. % to 60 wt. %, or in that it is liquid and contains 10 wt. % to 85 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 12. The agent according to claim 7, wherein the water-soluble chamber contains a range of 1 wt. % to 12 wt. %, of water. 13. The surfactant according to claim 8, wherein the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 6<n+m<18. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20, and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. 15. The agent according to claim 3, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20, and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. | The invention relates to surfactants of general formula (I) in which R1 and R2 represent independently of one another represent H and SO3 −X+ with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R2 is not H, n and m represent independently from each other numbers from 0-21 under the proviso that 4<n+m<26, and X+ represents a charge-balancing anion. The surfactants can be incorporated into detergents or cleaning agents, have excellent technological application properties and can be produced based on renewable raw materials.1. An anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 2. A method for preparing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 3. A washing or cleaning agent containing an anionic surfactant of the general formula (I), 4. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it contains 1 wt. % to 99 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 5. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it additionally contains up to 99 wt. % of additional surfactant. 6. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it is particulate and contains builders, or in that it is liquid and contains 1 wt. % to 90 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 7. The agent according to claim 3, wherein it is portioned ready for individual dosing in a chamber made of water-soluble material and contains less than 15 wt. % of water. 8. The surfactant according to claim 1 wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20 and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. 9. The agent according to claim 4, wherein it contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of the surfactant of general formula (I). 10. The agent according to claim 5, wherein it additionally contains 3 wt. % to 65 wt. % of additional surfactant. 11. The agent according to claim 6, wherein it contains builders in an amount in the range of 1 wt. % to 60 wt. %, or in that it is liquid and contains 10 wt. % to 85 wt. % of water, water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water and water-miscible solvent. 12. The agent according to claim 7, wherein the water-soluble chamber contains a range of 1 wt. % to 12 wt. %, of water. 13. The surfactant according to claim 8, wherein the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 6<n+m<18. 14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20, and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. 15. The agent according to claim 3, wherein the compounds of general formula (I), n and m represent, independently of one another, numbers from 0 to 17, the sum of n and m satisfies the inequality 4<n+m<20, and/or n represents a number from 0 to 4 and m represents a number from 5 to 14. | 3,600 |
346,425 | 16,804,887 | 3,635 | According to one aspect, a tissue fastening device may include a handle assembly including at least two actuators. The tissue fastening device may also include a first body extending distally from the handle assembly and defining a longitudinal axis. The tissue fastening device may also include a fastening device coupled to a distal end of the first body. The fastening device may include a longitudinal body including a channel, a cartridge configured to include a plurality of fasteners, a longitudinal channel configured to receive a device for cutting tissue, an anvil rotatable relative to the cartridge, and a fastener actuator. The fastener actuator may be coupled to one actuator of the at least two actuators and configured to move proximally relative to the cartridge to deploy the plurality of fasteners from the cartridge. | 1. A tissue fastening device comprising:
a handle assembly including at least two actuators; a first body extending distally from the handle assembly and defining a longitudinal axis; a fastening device coupled to a distal end of the first body, wherein the fastening device comprises:
a longitudinal body including a channel;
a cartridge configured to include a plurality of fasteners;
a longitudinal channel configured to receive a device for cutting tissue;
an anvil rotatable relative to the cartridge; and
a fastener actuator coupled to one actuator of the at least two actuators and configured to move proximally relative to the cartridge to deploy the plurality of fasteners from the cartridge. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastening device includes a protrusion extending from a side surface of the fastening device and defining a lumen configured to receive a tissue acquisition tool. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastening device includes the device for cutting tissue. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastener actuator is coupled to an actuation wire that extends from the fastener actuator through the elongated body to the handle assembly, wherein the actuation wire is coupled to a first actuator of the at least two actuators, and wherein the fastener actuator is configured to move proximally relative to the cartridge and the anvil when the first actuator is actuated. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein a distal portion of the first body includes a rigid curved portion such that a longitudinal axis of the fastening device is transverse to a longitudinal axis of a proximal portion of the first body. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the anvil includes a first recess, wherein the longitudinal body includes a second recess opposing the first recess, and wherein the first and second recesses are configured to receive a tissue acquisition tool. 7. The device of claim 3, wherein the fastener actuator and the device for cutting tissue are coupled to an actuation wire that extends from the fastening device through the first body to a first actuator of the handle assembly, and wherein the first actuator is configured to move both the fastener actuator and the device for cutting tissue proximally. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastening device is rotatably coupled to the first body. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastener actuator includes a ramp, and wherein a surface of the ramp that contacts the plurality of fasteners has an angle of 30 degrees or less relative to a longitudinal axis of the longitudinal body. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastening device is fixedly coupled to the first body, and wherein a longitudinal axis of the fastening device is transverse to a longitudinal axis of the first body. 11. A tissue fastening device comprising:
a handle assembly including at least two actuators; a first body extending distally from the handle assembly and defining a longitudinal axis; a fastening device coupled to a distal end of the first body, wherein the fastening device comprises:
a longitudinal body including a channel;
a cartridge that includes a plurality of fasteners; and
an anvil mounted adjacent the cartridge;
a second body including a lumen, wherein the first body is positioned in, movable within, and extends from the lumen; and a coupler coupling a distal end of the second body to the fastening device, wherein the fastening device is pivotable about the coupler when the first body is moved proximally and/or distally. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the second body defines an opening in a side wall of the second body and through which the first body extends. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the second body includes a recess configured to receive a portion of the first body when the longitudinal axis of the fastening device is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second body. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the handle assembly includes a first actuator configured to move longitudinally in proximal and distal directions and a second actuator configured to pivot relative to a body of the handle assembly. 15. A system comprising:
a tissue fastening device; a tissue acquisition tool moveably coupled to the tissue fastening device; and an oversheath including a distal end opening and at least two distal end portions, wherein the oversheath is positioned around the tissue fastening device and the tissue acquisition tool, wherein the oversheath is configured to move proximally and the at least two distal end portions are configured to move radially outward, to expose the tissue fastening device and tissue acquisition tool. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the tissue fastening device includes a longitudinal body including a channel and a guide protrusion, wherein the guide protrusion includes a lumen configured to receive the tissue acquisition tool. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the tissue fastening device includes:
a cartridge including a plurality of fasteners; and an anvil mounted adjacent the cartridge. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the tissue acquisition tool is positioned within the lumen of the guide protrusion. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein a proximal portion of the oversheath is positioned around an endoscope, wherein the endoscope comprises an image sensor and at least two working channels. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least two distal end portions are biased radially inward and configured to partially enclose fastening device and tissue acquisition tool. | According to one aspect, a tissue fastening device may include a handle assembly including at least two actuators. The tissue fastening device may also include a first body extending distally from the handle assembly and defining a longitudinal axis. The tissue fastening device may also include a fastening device coupled to a distal end of the first body. The fastening device may include a longitudinal body including a channel, a cartridge configured to include a plurality of fasteners, a longitudinal channel configured to receive a device for cutting tissue, an anvil rotatable relative to the cartridge, and a fastener actuator. The fastener actuator may be coupled to one actuator of the at least two actuators and configured to move proximally relative to the cartridge to deploy the plurality of fasteners from the cartridge.1. A tissue fastening device comprising:
a handle assembly including at least two actuators; a first body extending distally from the handle assembly and defining a longitudinal axis; a fastening device coupled to a distal end of the first body, wherein the fastening device comprises:
a longitudinal body including a channel;
a cartridge configured to include a plurality of fasteners;
a longitudinal channel configured to receive a device for cutting tissue;
an anvil rotatable relative to the cartridge; and
a fastener actuator coupled to one actuator of the at least two actuators and configured to move proximally relative to the cartridge to deploy the plurality of fasteners from the cartridge. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastening device includes a protrusion extending from a side surface of the fastening device and defining a lumen configured to receive a tissue acquisition tool. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastening device includes the device for cutting tissue. 4. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastener actuator is coupled to an actuation wire that extends from the fastener actuator through the elongated body to the handle assembly, wherein the actuation wire is coupled to a first actuator of the at least two actuators, and wherein the fastener actuator is configured to move proximally relative to the cartridge and the anvil when the first actuator is actuated. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein a distal portion of the first body includes a rigid curved portion such that a longitudinal axis of the fastening device is transverse to a longitudinal axis of a proximal portion of the first body. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the anvil includes a first recess, wherein the longitudinal body includes a second recess opposing the first recess, and wherein the first and second recesses are configured to receive a tissue acquisition tool. 7. The device of claim 3, wherein the fastener actuator and the device for cutting tissue are coupled to an actuation wire that extends from the fastening device through the first body to a first actuator of the handle assembly, and wherein the first actuator is configured to move both the fastener actuator and the device for cutting tissue proximally. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastening device is rotatably coupled to the first body. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastener actuator includes a ramp, and wherein a surface of the ramp that contacts the plurality of fasteners has an angle of 30 degrees or less relative to a longitudinal axis of the longitudinal body. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the fastening device is fixedly coupled to the first body, and wherein a longitudinal axis of the fastening device is transverse to a longitudinal axis of the first body. 11. A tissue fastening device comprising:
a handle assembly including at least two actuators; a first body extending distally from the handle assembly and defining a longitudinal axis; a fastening device coupled to a distal end of the first body, wherein the fastening device comprises:
a longitudinal body including a channel;
a cartridge that includes a plurality of fasteners; and
an anvil mounted adjacent the cartridge;
a second body including a lumen, wherein the first body is positioned in, movable within, and extends from the lumen; and a coupler coupling a distal end of the second body to the fastening device, wherein the fastening device is pivotable about the coupler when the first body is moved proximally and/or distally. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the second body defines an opening in a side wall of the second body and through which the first body extends. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein the second body includes a recess configured to receive a portion of the first body when the longitudinal axis of the fastening device is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the second body. 14. The device of claim 11, wherein the handle assembly includes a first actuator configured to move longitudinally in proximal and distal directions and a second actuator configured to pivot relative to a body of the handle assembly. 15. A system comprising:
a tissue fastening device; a tissue acquisition tool moveably coupled to the tissue fastening device; and an oversheath including a distal end opening and at least two distal end portions, wherein the oversheath is positioned around the tissue fastening device and the tissue acquisition tool, wherein the oversheath is configured to move proximally and the at least two distal end portions are configured to move radially outward, to expose the tissue fastening device and tissue acquisition tool. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the tissue fastening device includes a longitudinal body including a channel and a guide protrusion, wherein the guide protrusion includes a lumen configured to receive the tissue acquisition tool. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the tissue fastening device includes:
a cartridge including a plurality of fasteners; and an anvil mounted adjacent the cartridge. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the tissue acquisition tool is positioned within the lumen of the guide protrusion. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein a proximal portion of the oversheath is positioned around an endoscope, wherein the endoscope comprises an image sensor and at least two working channels. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least two distal end portions are biased radially inward and configured to partially enclose fastening device and tissue acquisition tool. | 3,600 |
346,426 | 16,804,864 | 3,635 | A furnace for a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a heat exchanger tube including a tube inlet and a tube outlet, such that the heat exchanger tube is configured to receive combustion products via the tube inlet, circulate the combustion products through the heat exchanger tube, and discharge the combustion products via the tube outlet. Additionally, the furnace includes a collector box coupled to the heat exchanger tube and having a cavity configured to receive the combustion products via the tube outlet. The furnace includes a diverter plate disposed within the cavity, where the diverter plate overlaps the tube outlet to disperse the combustion products received via the tube outlet throughout the collector box. | 1. A furnace for a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system, comprising:
a heat exchanger tube including a tube inlet and a tube outlet, such that the heat exchanger tube is configured to receive combustion products via the tube inlet, circulate the combustion products through the heat exchanger tube, and discharge the combustion products via the tube outlet; a collector box coupled to the heat exchanger tube and having a cavity configured to receive the combustion products via the tube outlet; and a diverter plate disposed within the cavity, wherein the diverter plate overlaps the tube outlet to disperse the combustion products received via the tube outlet throughout the collector box. 2. The furnace of claim 1, comprising a gap between an outermost edge of the tube outlet and the diverter plate. 3. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the collector box has a mounting surface, wherein the diverter plate is coupled to the mounting surface, and wherein the diverter plate is configured to disperse the combustion products over at least a portion of the mounting surface. 4. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the diverter plate includes a deflecting surface and first and second flanges extending from the deflecting surface, wherein the first and second flanges are mounted to the collector box, and wherein the deflecting surface intersects the tube axis. 5. The furnace of claim 4, wherein the diverter plate defines first and second side passages formed by the deflecting surface and the first and second flanges within the cavity, and wherein the diverter plate is configured to disperse the combustion products throughout the cavity via the first and second side passages. 6. The furnace of claim 5, wherein the diverter plate includes a first side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the first side passage and a second side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the second side passage. 7. The furnace of claim 4, wherein the first flange includes a mounting portion configured to mount to the collector box and a mounting extension extending from the deflecting surface to the mounting portion, wherein the mounting extension includes a plurality of holes formed therein, and wherein the plurality of holes is configured to flow at least a portion of the combustion products therethrough. 8. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the cavity has a first depth at an outermost portion of the cavity relative to the tube outlet, the diverter plate has a second depth at an outermost portion of the diverter plate relative to the tube outlet, and the second depth is approximately half of the first depth. 9. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger tube includes a diameter, and wherein the diverter plate extends laterally from the tube outlet and beyond the tube outlet by a dimension that is greater than the diameter. 10. The furnace of claim 9, wherein the dimension is at least twice the diameter. 11. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the diverter plate overlaps at least fifty percent of the tube outlet. 12. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger tube includes a tube axis, such that the heat exchanger tube is configured to circulate the combustion products through the heat exchanger tube along the tube axis, and wherein the diverter plate intersects the tube axis and overlaps the tube outlet relative to the tube axis. 13. A furnace for a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system, comprising:
a plurality of heat exchanger tubes, wherein each heat exchanger tube of the plurality of heat exchanger tubes includes a tube inlet and a tube outlet, such that the heat exchanger tube is configured to receive combustion products via the tube inlet, circulate the combustion products through the heat exchanger tube, and discharge the combustion products via the tube outlet; a collector box coupled to the plurality of heat exchanger tubes such that a cavity of the collector box is configured to receive the combustion products via the respective tube outlet of each heat exchanger tube of the plurality of heat exchanger tubes; and a diverter plate disposed within the cavity, wherein the diverter plate overlaps the tube outlet of each heat exchanger tube of the plurality of heat exchanger tubes, with respect to a flow direction of combustion products through the tube outlet of each heat exchanger tube, to disperse the combustion products received via the tube outlet within the cavity. 14. The furnace of claim 13, wherein the diverter plate includes a deflecting surface and first and second flanges extending from the deflecting surface, wherein the first and second flanges are mounted to the collector box, and wherein the deflecting surface intersects the tube axis of each heat exchanger tube of the plurality of heat exchanger tubes. 15. The furnace of claim 14, wherein the diverter plate defines first and second side passages formed by the deflecting surface and the first and second flanges within the cavity, and wherein the diverter plate is configured to disperse the combustion products throughout the cavity via the first and second side passages. 16. The furnace of claim 15, wherein the diverter plate includes a first side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the first side passage and a second side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the second side passage. 17. The furnace of claim 14, wherein the first flange includes a mounting portion configured to mount to the collector box and a mounting extension extending from the deflecting surface to the mounting portion, wherein the mounting extension includes a plurality of holes formed therein, and wherein the plurality of holes is configured to flow at least a portion of the combustion products therethrough. 18. The furnace of claim 13, wherein the collector box has a mounting surface, wherein the diverter plate is coupled to the mounting surface, and wherein the diverter plate is configured to disperse the combustion products over at least a portion of the mounting surface. 19. The furnace of claim 13, wherein the plurality of heat exchanger tubes includes five heat exchanger tubes, seven heat exchanger tubes, or nine heat exchanger tubes. 20. The furnace of claim 13, wherein the plurality of heat exchanger tubes is arrayed laterally along the collector box. 21. The furnace of claim 13, comprising a draft inducer blower configured to draw the combustion products through the plurality of heat exchanger tubes. 22. The furnace of claim 21, wherein the diverter plate is disposed between the blower and the tube outlet of each heat exchanger tube of the plurality of heat exchanger tubes. 23. A furnace for a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system, comprising:
a heat exchanger tube including a tube inlet, a tube outlet, and a tube flow path extending from the tube inlet to the tube outlet, wherein the heat exchanger tube is configured to receive combustion products via the tube inlet, circulate the combustion products along the tube flow path, and discharge the combustion products via the tube outlet; a collector box coupled to the heat exchanger tube such that a cavity of the collector box is configured to receive the combustion products via the tube outlet, wherein the collector box has a first side configured to contact air flowing across the heat exchanger tube and a second side having the cavity; and a diverter plate disposed within the cavity, wherein the diverter plate overlaps the tube outlet to divert a flow of the combustion products received via the tube outlet. 24. The furnace of claim 23, wherein the diverter plate includes a deflecting surface and first and second flanges extending from the deflecting surface, wherein the first and second flanges are mounted to the second side of the collector box, and wherein the deflecting surface intersects the tube axis. 25. The furnace of claim 24, wherein the diverter plate defines first and second side passages formed by the deflecting surface and the first and second flanges within the cavity, and wherein the diverter plate is configured to disperse the combustion products throughout the cavity via the first and second side passages. 26. The furnace of claim 25, wherein the diverter plate includes a first side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the first side passage and a second side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the second side passage. 27. The furnace of claim 24, wherein the first and second flanges each include holes formed therein, and wherein the holes are configured to direct the combustion products therethrough. 28. The furnace of claim 23, wherein the diverter plate overlaps at least eighty percent of the tube outlet. | A furnace for a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system includes a heat exchanger tube including a tube inlet and a tube outlet, such that the heat exchanger tube is configured to receive combustion products via the tube inlet, circulate the combustion products through the heat exchanger tube, and discharge the combustion products via the tube outlet. Additionally, the furnace includes a collector box coupled to the heat exchanger tube and having a cavity configured to receive the combustion products via the tube outlet. The furnace includes a diverter plate disposed within the cavity, where the diverter plate overlaps the tube outlet to disperse the combustion products received via the tube outlet throughout the collector box.1. A furnace for a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system, comprising:
a heat exchanger tube including a tube inlet and a tube outlet, such that the heat exchanger tube is configured to receive combustion products via the tube inlet, circulate the combustion products through the heat exchanger tube, and discharge the combustion products via the tube outlet; a collector box coupled to the heat exchanger tube and having a cavity configured to receive the combustion products via the tube outlet; and a diverter plate disposed within the cavity, wherein the diverter plate overlaps the tube outlet to disperse the combustion products received via the tube outlet throughout the collector box. 2. The furnace of claim 1, comprising a gap between an outermost edge of the tube outlet and the diverter plate. 3. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the collector box has a mounting surface, wherein the diverter plate is coupled to the mounting surface, and wherein the diverter plate is configured to disperse the combustion products over at least a portion of the mounting surface. 4. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the diverter plate includes a deflecting surface and first and second flanges extending from the deflecting surface, wherein the first and second flanges are mounted to the collector box, and wherein the deflecting surface intersects the tube axis. 5. The furnace of claim 4, wherein the diverter plate defines first and second side passages formed by the deflecting surface and the first and second flanges within the cavity, and wherein the diverter plate is configured to disperse the combustion products throughout the cavity via the first and second side passages. 6. The furnace of claim 5, wherein the diverter plate includes a first side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the first side passage and a second side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the second side passage. 7. The furnace of claim 4, wherein the first flange includes a mounting portion configured to mount to the collector box and a mounting extension extending from the deflecting surface to the mounting portion, wherein the mounting extension includes a plurality of holes formed therein, and wherein the plurality of holes is configured to flow at least a portion of the combustion products therethrough. 8. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the cavity has a first depth at an outermost portion of the cavity relative to the tube outlet, the diverter plate has a second depth at an outermost portion of the diverter plate relative to the tube outlet, and the second depth is approximately half of the first depth. 9. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger tube includes a diameter, and wherein the diverter plate extends laterally from the tube outlet and beyond the tube outlet by a dimension that is greater than the diameter. 10. The furnace of claim 9, wherein the dimension is at least twice the diameter. 11. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the diverter plate overlaps at least fifty percent of the tube outlet. 12. The furnace of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger tube includes a tube axis, such that the heat exchanger tube is configured to circulate the combustion products through the heat exchanger tube along the tube axis, and wherein the diverter plate intersects the tube axis and overlaps the tube outlet relative to the tube axis. 13. A furnace for a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system, comprising:
a plurality of heat exchanger tubes, wherein each heat exchanger tube of the plurality of heat exchanger tubes includes a tube inlet and a tube outlet, such that the heat exchanger tube is configured to receive combustion products via the tube inlet, circulate the combustion products through the heat exchanger tube, and discharge the combustion products via the tube outlet; a collector box coupled to the plurality of heat exchanger tubes such that a cavity of the collector box is configured to receive the combustion products via the respective tube outlet of each heat exchanger tube of the plurality of heat exchanger tubes; and a diverter plate disposed within the cavity, wherein the diverter plate overlaps the tube outlet of each heat exchanger tube of the plurality of heat exchanger tubes, with respect to a flow direction of combustion products through the tube outlet of each heat exchanger tube, to disperse the combustion products received via the tube outlet within the cavity. 14. The furnace of claim 13, wherein the diverter plate includes a deflecting surface and first and second flanges extending from the deflecting surface, wherein the first and second flanges are mounted to the collector box, and wherein the deflecting surface intersects the tube axis of each heat exchanger tube of the plurality of heat exchanger tubes. 15. The furnace of claim 14, wherein the diverter plate defines first and second side passages formed by the deflecting surface and the first and second flanges within the cavity, and wherein the diverter plate is configured to disperse the combustion products throughout the cavity via the first and second side passages. 16. The furnace of claim 15, wherein the diverter plate includes a first side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the first side passage and a second side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the second side passage. 17. The furnace of claim 14, wherein the first flange includes a mounting portion configured to mount to the collector box and a mounting extension extending from the deflecting surface to the mounting portion, wherein the mounting extension includes a plurality of holes formed therein, and wherein the plurality of holes is configured to flow at least a portion of the combustion products therethrough. 18. The furnace of claim 13, wherein the collector box has a mounting surface, wherein the diverter plate is coupled to the mounting surface, and wherein the diverter plate is configured to disperse the combustion products over at least a portion of the mounting surface. 19. The furnace of claim 13, wherein the plurality of heat exchanger tubes includes five heat exchanger tubes, seven heat exchanger tubes, or nine heat exchanger tubes. 20. The furnace of claim 13, wherein the plurality of heat exchanger tubes is arrayed laterally along the collector box. 21. The furnace of claim 13, comprising a draft inducer blower configured to draw the combustion products through the plurality of heat exchanger tubes. 22. The furnace of claim 21, wherein the diverter plate is disposed between the blower and the tube outlet of each heat exchanger tube of the plurality of heat exchanger tubes. 23. A furnace for a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system, comprising:
a heat exchanger tube including a tube inlet, a tube outlet, and a tube flow path extending from the tube inlet to the tube outlet, wherein the heat exchanger tube is configured to receive combustion products via the tube inlet, circulate the combustion products along the tube flow path, and discharge the combustion products via the tube outlet; a collector box coupled to the heat exchanger tube such that a cavity of the collector box is configured to receive the combustion products via the tube outlet, wherein the collector box has a first side configured to contact air flowing across the heat exchanger tube and a second side having the cavity; and a diverter plate disposed within the cavity, wherein the diverter plate overlaps the tube outlet to divert a flow of the combustion products received via the tube outlet. 24. The furnace of claim 23, wherein the diverter plate includes a deflecting surface and first and second flanges extending from the deflecting surface, wherein the first and second flanges are mounted to the second side of the collector box, and wherein the deflecting surface intersects the tube axis. 25. The furnace of claim 24, wherein the diverter plate defines first and second side passages formed by the deflecting surface and the first and second flanges within the cavity, and wherein the diverter plate is configured to disperse the combustion products throughout the cavity via the first and second side passages. 26. The furnace of claim 25, wherein the diverter plate includes a first side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the first side passage and a second side flange extending from the deflecting surface and into the second side passage. 27. The furnace of claim 24, wherein the first and second flanges each include holes formed therein, and wherein the holes are configured to direct the combustion products therethrough. 28. The furnace of claim 23, wherein the diverter plate overlaps at least eighty percent of the tube outlet. | 3,600 |
346,427 | 16,804,874 | 3,635 | A display device and a terminal device are disclosed. The display device includes a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body, the main body includes a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, the cover body includes a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen. | 1. A display device, comprising a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body,
wherein the main body comprises a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, the cover body comprises a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen. 2. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a controller,
wherein the controller is provided on the main body, the controller is in communication with the first display screen and the second display screen, and the controller is configured to control the first display screen and the second display screen to be able to display different contents, respectively. 3. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a camera provided on the main body,
wherein a through hole is formed on the cover body at a position corresponding to the camera, and the through hole exposes the camera. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein a shape of the through hole matches a shape of the camera, and a size of the through hole is larger than a size of the camera. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a display region of the first display screen comprises a main display region, and in a case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of a display region of the second display screen on the main body at least partially overlaps with the main display region. 6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein in the case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of an outer periphery of the display region of the second display screen on the main body is located outside an outer periphery of the main display region of the first display screen. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein a shape of the display region of the second display screen is identical with a shape of the main display region of the first display screen. 8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the cover body is pivotally connected to the main body. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the cover body is pivotally connected to the main body through a damping shaft. 10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the damping shaft comprises a shaft sleeve mounted on one of the cover body and the main body and a shaft core mounted on the other of cover body and the main body,
the shaft sleeve is rotatably sleeved with the shaft core, and the shaft sleeve forms an interference fit with the shaft core. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the main body is further provided with stop blocks, the stop blocks are located on both sides of the shaft core to encapsulate the shaft core inside the main body. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein a material of the stop blocks is identical with a material of the main body. 13. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the cover body is rotated relative to the main body in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, or the cover body is rotated relative to the main body in a direction parallel to the first display screen. 14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein a rotation angle of the cover body relative to the main body is from 0° to 180°. 15. The display device according to claim 13, wherein a rotation angle of the cover body relative to the main body is from 0° to 360°. 16. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a material of the cover body is identical with a material of the main body. 17. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a circuit board,
where the circuit board is in the main body, and the first display screen and the second display screen are both electrically connected to the circuit board. 18. The display device according to claim 2,
wherein a display region of the first display screen comprises a main display region, and in a case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of a display region of the second display screen on the main body at least partially overlaps with the main display region. 19. A terminal device, comprising a display device,
wherein the display device comprises a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body, the main body comprises a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the cover body comprises a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen. 20. The terminal device according to claim 19, wherein the terminal device is a wearable device. | A display device and a terminal device are disclosed. The display device includes a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body, the main body includes a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, the cover body includes a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen.1. A display device, comprising a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body,
wherein the main body comprises a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, the cover body comprises a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen. 2. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a controller,
wherein the controller is provided on the main body, the controller is in communication with the first display screen and the second display screen, and the controller is configured to control the first display screen and the second display screen to be able to display different contents, respectively. 3. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a camera provided on the main body,
wherein a through hole is formed on the cover body at a position corresponding to the camera, and the through hole exposes the camera. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein a shape of the through hole matches a shape of the camera, and a size of the through hole is larger than a size of the camera. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a display region of the first display screen comprises a main display region, and in a case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of a display region of the second display screen on the main body at least partially overlaps with the main display region. 6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein in the case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of an outer periphery of the display region of the second display screen on the main body is located outside an outer periphery of the main display region of the first display screen. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein a shape of the display region of the second display screen is identical with a shape of the main display region of the first display screen. 8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the cover body is pivotally connected to the main body. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the cover body is pivotally connected to the main body through a damping shaft. 10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the damping shaft comprises a shaft sleeve mounted on one of the cover body and the main body and a shaft core mounted on the other of cover body and the main body,
the shaft sleeve is rotatably sleeved with the shaft core, and the shaft sleeve forms an interference fit with the shaft core. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the main body is further provided with stop blocks, the stop blocks are located on both sides of the shaft core to encapsulate the shaft core inside the main body. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein a material of the stop blocks is identical with a material of the main body. 13. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the cover body is rotated relative to the main body in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, or the cover body is rotated relative to the main body in a direction parallel to the first display screen. 14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein a rotation angle of the cover body relative to the main body is from 0° to 180°. 15. The display device according to claim 13, wherein a rotation angle of the cover body relative to the main body is from 0° to 360°. 16. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a material of the cover body is identical with a material of the main body. 17. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a circuit board,
where the circuit board is in the main body, and the first display screen and the second display screen are both electrically connected to the circuit board. 18. The display device according to claim 2,
wherein a display region of the first display screen comprises a main display region, and in a case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of a display region of the second display screen on the main body at least partially overlaps with the main display region. 19. A terminal device, comprising a display device,
wherein the display device comprises a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body, the main body comprises a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the cover body comprises a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen. 20. The terminal device according to claim 19, wherein the terminal device is a wearable device. | 3,600 |
346,428 | 16,804,850 | 3,635 | A display device and a terminal device are disclosed. The display device includes a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body, the main body includes a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, the cover body includes a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen. | 1. A display device, comprising a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body,
wherein the main body comprises a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, the cover body comprises a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen. 2. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a controller,
wherein the controller is provided on the main body, the controller is in communication with the first display screen and the second display screen, and the controller is configured to control the first display screen and the second display screen to be able to display different contents, respectively. 3. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a camera provided on the main body,
wherein a through hole is formed on the cover body at a position corresponding to the camera, and the through hole exposes the camera. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein a shape of the through hole matches a shape of the camera, and a size of the through hole is larger than a size of the camera. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a display region of the first display screen comprises a main display region, and in a case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of a display region of the second display screen on the main body at least partially overlaps with the main display region. 6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein in the case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of an outer periphery of the display region of the second display screen on the main body is located outside an outer periphery of the main display region of the first display screen. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein a shape of the display region of the second display screen is identical with a shape of the main display region of the first display screen. 8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the cover body is pivotally connected to the main body. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the cover body is pivotally connected to the main body through a damping shaft. 10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the damping shaft comprises a shaft sleeve mounted on one of the cover body and the main body and a shaft core mounted on the other of cover body and the main body,
the shaft sleeve is rotatably sleeved with the shaft core, and the shaft sleeve forms an interference fit with the shaft core. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the main body is further provided with stop blocks, the stop blocks are located on both sides of the shaft core to encapsulate the shaft core inside the main body. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein a material of the stop blocks is identical with a material of the main body. 13. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the cover body is rotated relative to the main body in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, or the cover body is rotated relative to the main body in a direction parallel to the first display screen. 14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein a rotation angle of the cover body relative to the main body is from 0° to 180°. 15. The display device according to claim 13, wherein a rotation angle of the cover body relative to the main body is from 0° to 360°. 16. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a material of the cover body is identical with a material of the main body. 17. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a circuit board,
where the circuit board is in the main body, and the first display screen and the second display screen are both electrically connected to the circuit board. 18. The display device according to claim 2,
wherein a display region of the first display screen comprises a main display region, and in a case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of a display region of the second display screen on the main body at least partially overlaps with the main display region. 19. A terminal device, comprising a display device,
wherein the display device comprises a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body, the main body comprises a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the cover body comprises a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen. 20. The terminal device according to claim 19, wherein the terminal device is a wearable device. | A display device and a terminal device are disclosed. The display device includes a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body, the main body includes a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, the cover body includes a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen.1. A display device, comprising a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body,
wherein the main body comprises a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, the cover body comprises a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen. 2. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a controller,
wherein the controller is provided on the main body, the controller is in communication with the first display screen and the second display screen, and the controller is configured to control the first display screen and the second display screen to be able to display different contents, respectively. 3. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a camera provided on the main body,
wherein a through hole is formed on the cover body at a position corresponding to the camera, and the through hole exposes the camera. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein a shape of the through hole matches a shape of the camera, and a size of the through hole is larger than a size of the camera. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a display region of the first display screen comprises a main display region, and in a case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of a display region of the second display screen on the main body at least partially overlaps with the main display region. 6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein in the case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of an outer periphery of the display region of the second display screen on the main body is located outside an outer periphery of the main display region of the first display screen. 7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein a shape of the display region of the second display screen is identical with a shape of the main display region of the first display screen. 8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the cover body is pivotally connected to the main body. 9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the cover body is pivotally connected to the main body through a damping shaft. 10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the damping shaft comprises a shaft sleeve mounted on one of the cover body and the main body and a shaft core mounted on the other of cover body and the main body,
the shaft sleeve is rotatably sleeved with the shaft core, and the shaft sleeve forms an interference fit with the shaft core. 11. The display device according to claim 10, wherein the main body is further provided with stop blocks, the stop blocks are located on both sides of the shaft core to encapsulate the shaft core inside the main body. 12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein a material of the stop blocks is identical with a material of the main body. 13. The display device according to claim 8, wherein the cover body is rotated relative to the main body in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, or the cover body is rotated relative to the main body in a direction parallel to the first display screen. 14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein a rotation angle of the cover body relative to the main body is from 0° to 180°. 15. The display device according to claim 13, wherein a rotation angle of the cover body relative to the main body is from 0° to 360°. 16. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a material of the cover body is identical with a material of the main body. 17. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a circuit board,
where the circuit board is in the main body, and the first display screen and the second display screen are both electrically connected to the circuit board. 18. The display device according to claim 2,
wherein a display region of the first display screen comprises a main display region, and in a case where the cover body is covered on the main body, an orthographic projection of a display region of the second display screen on the main body at least partially overlaps with the main display region. 19. A terminal device, comprising a display device,
wherein the display device comprises a main body and a cover body rotatably connected to the main body, the main body comprises a first display screen on a side, close to the cover body, of the main body, the cover body is provided with an accommodating cavity penetrating through the cover body in a direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the cover body comprises a second display screen in the accommodating cavity, the second display screen is stacked on the first display screen in the direction perpendicular to the first display screen, and the second display screen is a transparent display screen. 20. The terminal device according to claim 19, wherein the terminal device is a wearable device. | 3,600 |
346,429 | 16,804,856 | 3,635 | The invention is directed to a stable, high polyol containing wash composition. More particularly, the invention is directed to a wash composition comprising polyol, surfactant and a gelling agent whereby the wash composition is air pocket free, has excellent moisturizing capabilities, a viscosity of 40,000 cps or less, and a slope from −0.5 to 0.0. The isotropic composition has an oil-like appearance. | 1) A wash composition comprising:
a) 30 to 70% by weight polyol; b) 0.25 to 6% by weight gelling agent; c) 1.0 to 32% by weight surfactant; and d) 5 to 70% by weight water, the wash composition having a viscosity of 40,000 cps or less and a slop from −0.5 to 0.0 wherein the wash composition is transparent or translucent and is substantially free of oil and air pockets. 2) A wash composition comprising:
a) 30 to 70% by weight polyol; b) 0.25 to 6% by weight gelling agent; c) 1.0 to 32% by weight surfactant; d) 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of a mixture of glyceryl monoester and sodium benzoate at a weight ratio from 1:1 to 1:3; and e) 5 to 70% by weight water, the wash composition having a viscosity of 40,000 cps or less and a slope from −0.5 to 0.0 wherein the wash composition is transparent or translucent and is substantially free of oil and air pockets. 3) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyol is sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol or a mixture thereof. 4) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the gelling agent is an acrylate, polysaccharide or a mixture thereof. 5) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the gelling agent is Tragacanth Gum, lambda carrageenan, C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosslinked with allyl pentaerythritol or a mixture thereof. 6) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the gelling agent is lambda carrageenan and the polyol is glycerol and further wherein lambda carrageenan is present at an amount from 0.35 to 4% by weight and the glycerol is present in an amount from 35 to 65% by weight. 7) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the surfactant is a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium lauroyl glutamate in a 1:1 to 1:5 weight ratio. 8) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the wash composition is substantially free of oil and air pockets and is isotropic. 9) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the wash composition is translucent or transparent. 10) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition comprises 0.5 to 5.5% by weight of a mixture of glyceryl monoester and sodium benzoate at a weight ratio from 1:1 to 1:2.5, from 35 to 65% by weight water and a viscosity from 3,000 to 20,000 cps. 11) The wash composition according to claim 10 wherein the glycerol monoester is glyceryl caprylate. 12) A method for treating skin comprising the steps of contacting the skin in need of washing with the composition of claim 1 and washing the composition off with water. | The invention is directed to a stable, high polyol containing wash composition. More particularly, the invention is directed to a wash composition comprising polyol, surfactant and a gelling agent whereby the wash composition is air pocket free, has excellent moisturizing capabilities, a viscosity of 40,000 cps or less, and a slope from −0.5 to 0.0. The isotropic composition has an oil-like appearance.1) A wash composition comprising:
a) 30 to 70% by weight polyol; b) 0.25 to 6% by weight gelling agent; c) 1.0 to 32% by weight surfactant; and d) 5 to 70% by weight water, the wash composition having a viscosity of 40,000 cps or less and a slop from −0.5 to 0.0 wherein the wash composition is transparent or translucent and is substantially free of oil and air pockets. 2) A wash composition comprising:
a) 30 to 70% by weight polyol; b) 0.25 to 6% by weight gelling agent; c) 1.0 to 32% by weight surfactant; d) 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of a mixture of glyceryl monoester and sodium benzoate at a weight ratio from 1:1 to 1:3; and e) 5 to 70% by weight water, the wash composition having a viscosity of 40,000 cps or less and a slope from −0.5 to 0.0 wherein the wash composition is transparent or translucent and is substantially free of oil and air pockets. 3) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the polyol is sorbitol, glycerol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol or a mixture thereof. 4) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the gelling agent is an acrylate, polysaccharide or a mixture thereof. 5) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the gelling agent is Tragacanth Gum, lambda carrageenan, C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosslinked with allyl pentaerythritol or a mixture thereof. 6) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the gelling agent is lambda carrageenan and the polyol is glycerol and further wherein lambda carrageenan is present at an amount from 0.35 to 4% by weight and the glycerol is present in an amount from 35 to 65% by weight. 7) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the surfactant is a mixture of cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium lauroyl glutamate in a 1:1 to 1:5 weight ratio. 8) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the wash composition is substantially free of oil and air pockets and is isotropic. 9) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the wash composition is translucent or transparent. 10) The wash composition according to claim 1 wherein the composition comprises 0.5 to 5.5% by weight of a mixture of glyceryl monoester and sodium benzoate at a weight ratio from 1:1 to 1:2.5, from 35 to 65% by weight water and a viscosity from 3,000 to 20,000 cps. 11) The wash composition according to claim 10 wherein the glycerol monoester is glyceryl caprylate. 12) A method for treating skin comprising the steps of contacting the skin in need of washing with the composition of claim 1 and washing the composition off with water. | 3,600 |
346,430 | 16,804,841 | 3,635 | Disclosed is a method of generating electrical signal waveforms by a generator. The generator includes a processor and a memory in communication with the processor. The memory defines a first and second table. The processor retrieves information from the first table defined in the memory, where the information is associated with a first wave shape of a first electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure. The processor retrieves information from the second table defined in the memory, where the information is associated with a second wave shape of a second electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure. The processor combines the first and second wave shapes to create a combined wave shape of an electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure and the combined wave shape electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure is delivered to a surgical instrument. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A generator comprising:
a processor; a memory in communication with the processor, the memory defining a first and second table; and an electrical output port; wherein the processor is configured to:
retrieve stored phase points defining a first digital electrical signal wave shape of a first electrical signal waveform from the first table defined in the memory;
retrieve stored phase points defining a second digital electrical signal wave shape of a second electrical signal waveform from the second table defined in the memory;
combine the phase points of the first digital electrical signal wave shape and the phase points of the second digital electrical signal wave shape to create a combined wave shape of an electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure; and
deliver the combined wave shape electrical signal waveform for performing the surgical procedure to a surgical instrument via the electrical output port. 22. The generator of claim 21, wherein the memory is a first memory, and the generator comprises a second memory; and
wherein the first table is defined by the first memory, and the second table is defined by a second memory. 23. The generator of claim 21, wherein the first digital electrical signal wave shape is associated with a radio frequency (RF) electrical signal waveform and the second digital electrical signal wave shape is associated with an ultrasonic electrical signal waveform. 24. The generator of claim 21, wherein the first digital electrical signal wave shape is associated with a first ultrasonic electrical signal waveform and the second digital electrical signal wave shape is associated with a second ultrasonic electrical signal waveform. 25. The generator of claim 21, further comprising a direct digital synthesis circuit coupled to the processor and configured to create the first and second table. 26. The generator of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured to:
address the first table according to a frequency of the first electrical signal waveform; and address the second table according to a frequency of the second electrical signal waveform. 27. The generator of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured to:
store information associated with the first digital electrical signal wave shape in the memory; and store information associated with the second digital electrical signal wave shape. 28. The generator of claim 21, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a feedback signal associated with tissue parameters; and modify the first and second wave shapes according to the feedback signal. 29. A generator comprising:
a processor; a memory in communication with the processor, the memory defining a first and second table; and an electrical output port; wherein the processor is configured to:
retrieve information from the first table defined in the memory, wherein the information from the first table is associated with a first wave shape of a first electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure;
retrieve information from the second table defined in the memory, wherein the information from the second table is associated with a second wave shape of a second electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure;
deliver the first and second electrical signal waveforms for performing a surgical procedure to a surgical instrument via the electrical output port; wherein delivering the first and second electrical signal waveforms comprises at least one of: switching between the first and second electrical signal waveforms and synchronizing the first and second electrical signal waveforms;
receive a feedback signal associated with tissue parameters; and
based on the received feedback signal, and while delivering the first and second electrical signal waveforms, determine whether to:
switch from a first phase point of the first electrical signal waveform to a second phase point of the second electrical signal waveform and convert the second phase point to a first analog signal; or to
synchronize delivery of the first and the second phase points and convert the synchronized phase points to a second analog signal. 30. The generator of claim 29, wherein the processor is further configured to maximize power delivered to the surgical instrument. 31. The generator of claim 29, wherein the first electrical signal waveform represents a radio frequency (RF) waveform and the second electrical signal waveform represents an ultrasonic signal waveform. 32. The generator of claim 29, wherein the first wave shape is associated with a first ultrasonic electrical signal waveform and the second wave shape is associated with a second ultrasonic electrical signal waveform. 33. A generator comprising:
a processor; a memory in communication with the processor, the memory defining a first and second table; and an electrical output port; wherein the processor is configured to:
retrieve information from the first table defined in the memory, wherein the information from the first table is associated with a first wave shape of a first electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure;
retrieve information from the second table defined in the memory, wherein the information from the second table is associated with a second wave shape of a second electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure; and
combine the first and second wave shapes to create a combined wave shape of an electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure;
deliver the combined wave shape electrical signal waveform for performing the surgical procedure to a surgical instrument via the electrical output port; and
modify the combined wave shape of the electrical signal waveform to form a modified electrical signal waveform, the modified electrical signal waveform comprising a peak amplitude that does not exceed a predetermined amplitude and is less than a peak amplitude of the combined wave shape. 34. The generator of claim 33, wherein the first wave shape is associated with a first radio frequency (RF) electrical signal waveform and the second wave shape is associated with a second RF electrical signal waveform. 35. The generator of claim 33, wherein the first wave shape is associated with a first ultrasonic electrical signal waveform and the second wave shape is associated with a second ultrasonic electrical signal waveform. 36. The generator of claim 33, wherein the first wave shape is associated with a radio frequency (RF) electrical signal waveform and the second wave shape is associated with an ultrasonic electrical signal waveform. 37. The generator of claim 33, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the peak amplitude of the combined electrical signal waveform while delivering the combined electrical signal waveform to the surgical instrument. 38. The generator of claim 33, wherein the processor is further configured to reduce an amplitude of the combined electrical signal waveform prior to an occurrence of the peak amplitude of the combined electrical signal waveform. 39. The generator of claim 33, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine the peak amplitude of the combined electrical signal waveform; and modify the combined electrical signal waveform based on the determined peak amplitude of the combined electrical signal waveform. | Disclosed is a method of generating electrical signal waveforms by a generator. The generator includes a processor and a memory in communication with the processor. The memory defines a first and second table. The processor retrieves information from the first table defined in the memory, where the information is associated with a first wave shape of a first electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure. The processor retrieves information from the second table defined in the memory, where the information is associated with a second wave shape of a second electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure. The processor combines the first and second wave shapes to create a combined wave shape of an electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure and the combined wave shape electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure is delivered to a surgical instrument.1-20. (canceled) 21. A generator comprising:
a processor; a memory in communication with the processor, the memory defining a first and second table; and an electrical output port; wherein the processor is configured to:
retrieve stored phase points defining a first digital electrical signal wave shape of a first electrical signal waveform from the first table defined in the memory;
retrieve stored phase points defining a second digital electrical signal wave shape of a second electrical signal waveform from the second table defined in the memory;
combine the phase points of the first digital electrical signal wave shape and the phase points of the second digital electrical signal wave shape to create a combined wave shape of an electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure; and
deliver the combined wave shape electrical signal waveform for performing the surgical procedure to a surgical instrument via the electrical output port. 22. The generator of claim 21, wherein the memory is a first memory, and the generator comprises a second memory; and
wherein the first table is defined by the first memory, and the second table is defined by a second memory. 23. The generator of claim 21, wherein the first digital electrical signal wave shape is associated with a radio frequency (RF) electrical signal waveform and the second digital electrical signal wave shape is associated with an ultrasonic electrical signal waveform. 24. The generator of claim 21, wherein the first digital electrical signal wave shape is associated with a first ultrasonic electrical signal waveform and the second digital electrical signal wave shape is associated with a second ultrasonic electrical signal waveform. 25. The generator of claim 21, further comprising a direct digital synthesis circuit coupled to the processor and configured to create the first and second table. 26. The generator of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured to:
address the first table according to a frequency of the first electrical signal waveform; and address the second table according to a frequency of the second electrical signal waveform. 27. The generator of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured to:
store information associated with the first digital electrical signal wave shape in the memory; and store information associated with the second digital electrical signal wave shape. 28. The generator of claim 21, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a feedback signal associated with tissue parameters; and modify the first and second wave shapes according to the feedback signal. 29. A generator comprising:
a processor; a memory in communication with the processor, the memory defining a first and second table; and an electrical output port; wherein the processor is configured to:
retrieve information from the first table defined in the memory, wherein the information from the first table is associated with a first wave shape of a first electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure;
retrieve information from the second table defined in the memory, wherein the information from the second table is associated with a second wave shape of a second electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure;
deliver the first and second electrical signal waveforms for performing a surgical procedure to a surgical instrument via the electrical output port; wherein delivering the first and second electrical signal waveforms comprises at least one of: switching between the first and second electrical signal waveforms and synchronizing the first and second electrical signal waveforms;
receive a feedback signal associated with tissue parameters; and
based on the received feedback signal, and while delivering the first and second electrical signal waveforms, determine whether to:
switch from a first phase point of the first electrical signal waveform to a second phase point of the second electrical signal waveform and convert the second phase point to a first analog signal; or to
synchronize delivery of the first and the second phase points and convert the synchronized phase points to a second analog signal. 30. The generator of claim 29, wherein the processor is further configured to maximize power delivered to the surgical instrument. 31. The generator of claim 29, wherein the first electrical signal waveform represents a radio frequency (RF) waveform and the second electrical signal waveform represents an ultrasonic signal waveform. 32. The generator of claim 29, wherein the first wave shape is associated with a first ultrasonic electrical signal waveform and the second wave shape is associated with a second ultrasonic electrical signal waveform. 33. A generator comprising:
a processor; a memory in communication with the processor, the memory defining a first and second table; and an electrical output port; wherein the processor is configured to:
retrieve information from the first table defined in the memory, wherein the information from the first table is associated with a first wave shape of a first electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure;
retrieve information from the second table defined in the memory, wherein the information from the second table is associated with a second wave shape of a second electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure; and
combine the first and second wave shapes to create a combined wave shape of an electrical signal waveform for performing a surgical procedure;
deliver the combined wave shape electrical signal waveform for performing the surgical procedure to a surgical instrument via the electrical output port; and
modify the combined wave shape of the electrical signal waveform to form a modified electrical signal waveform, the modified electrical signal waveform comprising a peak amplitude that does not exceed a predetermined amplitude and is less than a peak amplitude of the combined wave shape. 34. The generator of claim 33, wherein the first wave shape is associated with a first radio frequency (RF) electrical signal waveform and the second wave shape is associated with a second RF electrical signal waveform. 35. The generator of claim 33, wherein the first wave shape is associated with a first ultrasonic electrical signal waveform and the second wave shape is associated with a second ultrasonic electrical signal waveform. 36. The generator of claim 33, wherein the first wave shape is associated with a radio frequency (RF) electrical signal waveform and the second wave shape is associated with an ultrasonic electrical signal waveform. 37. The generator of claim 33, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the peak amplitude of the combined electrical signal waveform while delivering the combined electrical signal waveform to the surgical instrument. 38. The generator of claim 33, wherein the processor is further configured to reduce an amplitude of the combined electrical signal waveform prior to an occurrence of the peak amplitude of the combined electrical signal waveform. 39. The generator of claim 33, wherein the processor is further configured to:
determine the peak amplitude of the combined electrical signal waveform; and modify the combined electrical signal waveform based on the determined peak amplitude of the combined electrical signal waveform. | 3,600 |
346,431 | 16,804,828 | 3,635 | Systems and methods facilitating feedback of robust channel state information (CSI), such as to provide full CSI feedback or otherwise providing CSI feedback, are described. CSI encoders and/or decoders used by network nodes may implement channel compression/reconstruction based upon neural-network (NN) training of collected channels. A structured payload having an interpretable payload portion and an uninterpretable payload portion may utilized with respect to CSI feedback. The channel compression provided according to some aspects of the disclosure supports feedback of robust CSI, in some instances including full CSI, as determined by a particular network node. Other aspects and features are also claimed and described. | 1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
receiving, by a first network node from a second network node, encoded channel state information (CSI) included in an uninterpretable payload portion of a structured payload including an interpretable payload portion that is interpretable without decoding and the uninterpretable payload portion that is uninterpretable without decoding; generating, by the first network node, reference signal (RS) based side information based at least in partially on a RS, wherein the RS based side information is information in addition to the CSI that is configured for use in association with the CSI; and decoding, by the first network node, the encoded CSI from the uninterpretable payload portion using information from the interpretable payload portion and the RS based side information to provide reconstructed channel information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
signaling, by the first network node to the second network node, to indicate that the second network node is to use the structured payload for feedback of the encoded CSI. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
signaling, by the first network node to the second network node, to indicate that the second network node is to encoded CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion based at least partially on the RS based side information. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inputting a RS estimated channel to a neural-network to generate dimensional information for the RS based side information provided to a CSI decoder decoding the reconstructed channel information from the encoded CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion comprises CSI encoded by a CSI encoder using neural-network based channel compression. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion is encoded based on the RS based side information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion comprises CSI information defining an estimated channel associated with the second network node. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the interpretable payload portion comprises information configured to facilitate early decisions by the first network node with respect to decoding the encoded CSI or utilization of the reconstructed channel information. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the information of the interpretable payload portion includes at least one of burst interference information, recommended rank information, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information, or information regarding which reference signal encoding of the encoded CSI is based upon. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
training a CSI decoder configured to perform the decoding of the encoded CSI from the uninterpretable payload portion using an autoencoder framework based on online data collection at the first network node, wherein the online data collection includes CSI information collected from the second network node and reference signal information monitored by the first network node, and wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion is compressed using encoder parameters derived from the autoencoder framework. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein both the interpretable payload portion and the uninterpretable payload portion are generated by a CSI encoder, wherein the CSI encoder has been trained using the autoencoder framework used in training the CSI decoder. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the uninterpretable payload portion is generated by a CSI encoder and the interpretable payload portion is added to the structured payload after encoding of the uniterpretable payload portion by the CSI encoder. 13. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting, by a first network node, a reference signal (RS); encoding, by the first network node, channel state information (CSI) to provide encoded CSI, wherein the encoded CSI is based at least partially on the RS; and transmitting, by the first network node to a second network node, the encoded CSI in an uninterpretable payload portion of a structured payload including an interpretable payload portion that is interpretable without decoding and the uninterpretable payload portion that is uninterpretable without decoding. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
receiving, by the first network node from the second network node, an indication that the first network node is to use the structured payload with respect to the encoded CSI. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
signaling, by the first network node to the second network node, to indicate that the first network node is using the structured payload for feedback of the encoded CSI. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
receiving, by the first network node from the second network node, an indication that the first network node is to encode the CSI with consideration of the RS. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the RS comprises a sounding reference signal (SRS). 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion comprises information compressed by a CSI encoder using neural-network based channel compression. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein encoded CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion comprises CSI information defining an estimated channel associated with the first network node. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the interpretable payload portion comprises information configured to facilitate early decisions by the second network node with respect to decoding the encoded CSI or utilization of reconstructed channel information obtained by decoding the encoded CSI. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the information of the interpretable payload portion includes at least one of burst interference information, recommended rank information, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information, or information regarding which reference signal encoding of the encoded CSI is based upon. 22. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
training a CSI encoder configured to perform the encoding of the CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion using an autoencoder framework based on online data collected at the first network node, wherein the online data collection includes reference signal observation information and decoder parameters derived from observation of the reference collected from the second network node and CSI reference signal information monitored by the first network node, and wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion is compressed using encoder parameters derived from the autoencoder framework. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein both the interpretable payload portion and the uninterpretable payload portion are generated by the CSI encoder. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the uninterpretable payload portion is generated by the CSI encoder and the interpretable payload portion is added to the structured CSI feedback channel compression after encoding of the uniterpretable payload portion by the CSI encoder. 25. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured:
to receive, by a first network node from a second network node, encoded channel state information (CSI) included in an uninterpretable payload portion of a structured payload including an interpretable payload portion that is interpretable without decoding and the uninterpretable payload portion that is uninterpretable without decoding;
to generate, by the first network node, a reference signal (RS) based side information based at least partially on a RS, wherein the RS based side information is information in addition to the CSI that is configured for use in association with the CSI; and
to decode, by the first network node, the encoded CSI from the uninterpretable payload portion using information from the interpretable payload portion and the RS based side information to provide reconstructed channel information. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the at least one processor is further configured:
to input a RS estimated channel to a neural-network to generate dimensional information for the RS based side information provided to a CSI decoder decoding the reconstructed channel information from the encoded CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion. 27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the interpretable payload portion comprises information configured to facilitate early decisions by the first network node with respect to decoding the encoded CSI or utilization of the reconstructed channel information, wherein the information of the interpretable payload portion includes at least one of burst interference information, recommended rank information, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information, or information regarding which reference signal encoding of the encoded CSI is based upon. 28. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured:
to transmit, by a first network node, a reference signal (RS);
to encode, by the first network node, channel state information (CSI) to provide encoded CSI, wherein the encoded CSI is based at least partially on the RS; and
to transmit, by the first network node to a second network node, the encoded CSI in an uninterpretable payload portion of a structured payload including an interpretable payload portion that is interpretable without decoding and the uninterpretable payload portion that is uninterpretable without decoding. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the interpretable payload portion comprises information configured to facilitate early decisions by the second network node with respect to decoding the encoded CSI or utilization of reconstructed channel information obtained by decoding the encoded CSI, wherein the information of the interpretable payload portion includes at least one of burst interference information, recommended rank information, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information, or information regarding which reference signal encoding of the encoded CSI is based upon. 30. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising:
training a CSI encoder configured to perform the encoding of the CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion using an autoencoder framework based on online data collected at the first network node, wherein the online data collection includes reference signal observation information and decoder parameters derived from observation of the reference collected from the second network node and CSI reference signal information monitored by the first network node, and wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion is compressed using encoder parameters derived from the autoencoder framework. | Systems and methods facilitating feedback of robust channel state information (CSI), such as to provide full CSI feedback or otherwise providing CSI feedback, are described. CSI encoders and/or decoders used by network nodes may implement channel compression/reconstruction based upon neural-network (NN) training of collected channels. A structured payload having an interpretable payload portion and an uninterpretable payload portion may utilized with respect to CSI feedback. The channel compression provided according to some aspects of the disclosure supports feedback of robust CSI, in some instances including full CSI, as determined by a particular network node. Other aspects and features are also claimed and described.1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
receiving, by a first network node from a second network node, encoded channel state information (CSI) included in an uninterpretable payload portion of a structured payload including an interpretable payload portion that is interpretable without decoding and the uninterpretable payload portion that is uninterpretable without decoding; generating, by the first network node, reference signal (RS) based side information based at least in partially on a RS, wherein the RS based side information is information in addition to the CSI that is configured for use in association with the CSI; and decoding, by the first network node, the encoded CSI from the uninterpretable payload portion using information from the interpretable payload portion and the RS based side information to provide reconstructed channel information. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
signaling, by the first network node to the second network node, to indicate that the second network node is to use the structured payload for feedback of the encoded CSI. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
signaling, by the first network node to the second network node, to indicate that the second network node is to encoded CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion based at least partially on the RS based side information. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
inputting a RS estimated channel to a neural-network to generate dimensional information for the RS based side information provided to a CSI decoder decoding the reconstructed channel information from the encoded CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion comprises CSI encoded by a CSI encoder using neural-network based channel compression. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion is encoded based on the RS based side information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion comprises CSI information defining an estimated channel associated with the second network node. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the interpretable payload portion comprises information configured to facilitate early decisions by the first network node with respect to decoding the encoded CSI or utilization of the reconstructed channel information. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the information of the interpretable payload portion includes at least one of burst interference information, recommended rank information, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information, or information regarding which reference signal encoding of the encoded CSI is based upon. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
training a CSI decoder configured to perform the decoding of the encoded CSI from the uninterpretable payload portion using an autoencoder framework based on online data collection at the first network node, wherein the online data collection includes CSI information collected from the second network node and reference signal information monitored by the first network node, and wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion is compressed using encoder parameters derived from the autoencoder framework. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein both the interpretable payload portion and the uninterpretable payload portion are generated by a CSI encoder, wherein the CSI encoder has been trained using the autoencoder framework used in training the CSI decoder. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the uninterpretable payload portion is generated by a CSI encoder and the interpretable payload portion is added to the structured payload after encoding of the uniterpretable payload portion by the CSI encoder. 13. A method of wireless communication, comprising:
transmitting, by a first network node, a reference signal (RS); encoding, by the first network node, channel state information (CSI) to provide encoded CSI, wherein the encoded CSI is based at least partially on the RS; and transmitting, by the first network node to a second network node, the encoded CSI in an uninterpretable payload portion of a structured payload including an interpretable payload portion that is interpretable without decoding and the uninterpretable payload portion that is uninterpretable without decoding. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
receiving, by the first network node from the second network node, an indication that the first network node is to use the structured payload with respect to the encoded CSI. 15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
signaling, by the first network node to the second network node, to indicate that the first network node is using the structured payload for feedback of the encoded CSI. 16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
receiving, by the first network node from the second network node, an indication that the first network node is to encode the CSI with consideration of the RS. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the RS comprises a sounding reference signal (SRS). 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion comprises information compressed by a CSI encoder using neural-network based channel compression. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein encoded CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion comprises CSI information defining an estimated channel associated with the first network node. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the interpretable payload portion comprises information configured to facilitate early decisions by the second network node with respect to decoding the encoded CSI or utilization of reconstructed channel information obtained by decoding the encoded CSI. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the information of the interpretable payload portion includes at least one of burst interference information, recommended rank information, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information, or information regarding which reference signal encoding of the encoded CSI is based upon. 22. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
training a CSI encoder configured to perform the encoding of the CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion using an autoencoder framework based on online data collected at the first network node, wherein the online data collection includes reference signal observation information and decoder parameters derived from observation of the reference collected from the second network node and CSI reference signal information monitored by the first network node, and wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion is compressed using encoder parameters derived from the autoencoder framework. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein both the interpretable payload portion and the uninterpretable payload portion are generated by the CSI encoder. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the uninterpretable payload portion is generated by the CSI encoder and the interpretable payload portion is added to the structured CSI feedback channel compression after encoding of the uniterpretable payload portion by the CSI encoder. 25. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured:
to receive, by a first network node from a second network node, encoded channel state information (CSI) included in an uninterpretable payload portion of a structured payload including an interpretable payload portion that is interpretable without decoding and the uninterpretable payload portion that is uninterpretable without decoding;
to generate, by the first network node, a reference signal (RS) based side information based at least partially on a RS, wherein the RS based side information is information in addition to the CSI that is configured for use in association with the CSI; and
to decode, by the first network node, the encoded CSI from the uninterpretable payload portion using information from the interpretable payload portion and the RS based side information to provide reconstructed channel information. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the at least one processor is further configured:
to input a RS estimated channel to a neural-network to generate dimensional information for the RS based side information provided to a CSI decoder decoding the reconstructed channel information from the encoded CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion. 27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the interpretable payload portion comprises information configured to facilitate early decisions by the first network node with respect to decoding the encoded CSI or utilization of the reconstructed channel information, wherein the information of the interpretable payload portion includes at least one of burst interference information, recommended rank information, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information, or information regarding which reference signal encoding of the encoded CSI is based upon. 28. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured:
to transmit, by a first network node, a reference signal (RS);
to encode, by the first network node, channel state information (CSI) to provide encoded CSI, wherein the encoded CSI is based at least partially on the RS; and
to transmit, by the first network node to a second network node, the encoded CSI in an uninterpretable payload portion of a structured payload including an interpretable payload portion that is interpretable without decoding and the uninterpretable payload portion that is uninterpretable without decoding. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the interpretable payload portion comprises information configured to facilitate early decisions by the second network node with respect to decoding the encoded CSI or utilization of reconstructed channel information obtained by decoding the encoded CSI, wherein the information of the interpretable payload portion includes at least one of burst interference information, recommended rank information, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information, or information regarding which reference signal encoding of the encoded CSI is based upon. 30. The apparatus of claim 28, further comprising:
training a CSI encoder configured to perform the encoding of the CSI of the uninterpretable payload portion using an autoencoder framework based on online data collected at the first network node, wherein the online data collection includes reference signal observation information and decoder parameters derived from observation of the reference collected from the second network node and CSI reference signal information monitored by the first network node, and wherein the encoded CSI in the uninterpretable payload portion is compressed using encoder parameters derived from the autoencoder framework. | 3,600 |
346,432 | 16,804,907 | 3,635 | Data samples are transmitted from a central server to at least one local server apparatus. The central server receives a set of predictions from the at least one local server apparatus that are based on the transmitted set of data samples. The central server trains a central model based on the received set of predictions. The central model, or a portion of the central model corresponding to a task of interest, can then be sent to the at least one local server apparatus. Neither local data from local sites nor trained models from the local sites are transmitted to the central server. This ensures protection and security of data at the local sites. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to:
transmit a set of data samples to at least one local server apparatus;
receive a set of predictions from the at least one local server apparatus, the set of predictions being based on the transmitted set of data samples; and
train a central model based on the received set of predictions. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to transmit at least a portion of the central model to the at least one local server apparatus. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to determine at least one task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus, identify a portion of the central model corresponding to at least one task of interest, and transmit the identified portion of the central model corresponding to the at least one task of interest to the at least one local server apparatus. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the set of data samples comprises publicly available data samples. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the set of data samples is specific to a task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a training/inference server. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmitted set of data samples corresponds to a task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to form an ensemble dataset corresponding to at least one task of interest from the received set of predictions. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one local server apparatus is configured to train a local model with local data. 10. A method, comprising:
transmitting from a central server, a set of data samples to at least one local server apparatus; receiving in the central server, a set of predictions from the at least one local server apparatus, the set of predictions being based on the transmitted set of data samples; and training a central model in the central server based on the received set of predictions. 11. The method according to claim 10 wherein the method further comprises transmitting at least a portion of the central model from the central server to the at least one local server apparatus. 12. The method according to claim 11, the method further comprising determining at least one task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus, identifying a portion of the central model corresponding to at least one task of interest, and transmit the identified portion of the central model corresponding to the at least one task of interest to the at least one local server apparatus. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the set of data samples comprises publicly available data samples. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the set of data samples is specific to a task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the central server comprises a training/inference server. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the transmitted set of data sample corresponds to a task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises forming an ensemble dataset corresponding to the task of interest from the received set of predictions. 18. The method according to claim 10, the at least one local server apparatus is training a local model with local data. 19. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable media having stored thereon program instructions that when executed by a processor causes the processor to perform the method according to claim 10. | Data samples are transmitted from a central server to at least one local server apparatus. The central server receives a set of predictions from the at least one local server apparatus that are based on the transmitted set of data samples. The central server trains a central model based on the received set of predictions. The central model, or a portion of the central model corresponding to a task of interest, can then be sent to the at least one local server apparatus. Neither local data from local sites nor trained models from the local sites are transmitted to the central server. This ensures protection and security of data at the local sites.1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor configured to:
transmit a set of data samples to at least one local server apparatus;
receive a set of predictions from the at least one local server apparatus, the set of predictions being based on the transmitted set of data samples; and
train a central model based on the received set of predictions. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to transmit at least a portion of the central model to the at least one local server apparatus. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to determine at least one task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus, identify a portion of the central model corresponding to at least one task of interest, and transmit the identified portion of the central model corresponding to the at least one task of interest to the at least one local server apparatus. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the set of data samples comprises publicly available data samples. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the set of data samples is specific to a task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a training/inference server. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmitted set of data samples corresponds to a task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to form an ensemble dataset corresponding to at least one task of interest from the received set of predictions. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one local server apparatus is configured to train a local model with local data. 10. A method, comprising:
transmitting from a central server, a set of data samples to at least one local server apparatus; receiving in the central server, a set of predictions from the at least one local server apparatus, the set of predictions being based on the transmitted set of data samples; and training a central model in the central server based on the received set of predictions. 11. The method according to claim 10 wherein the method further comprises transmitting at least a portion of the central model from the central server to the at least one local server apparatus. 12. The method according to claim 11, the method further comprising determining at least one task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus, identifying a portion of the central model corresponding to at least one task of interest, and transmit the identified portion of the central model corresponding to the at least one task of interest to the at least one local server apparatus. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the set of data samples comprises publicly available data samples. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the set of data samples is specific to a task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the central server comprises a training/inference server. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the transmitted set of data sample corresponds to a task of interest at the at least one local server apparatus. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises forming an ensemble dataset corresponding to the task of interest from the received set of predictions. 18. The method according to claim 10, the at least one local server apparatus is training a local model with local data. 19. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable media having stored thereon program instructions that when executed by a processor causes the processor to perform the method according to claim 10. | 3,600 |
346,433 | 16,804,897 | 3,635 | A wound monitoring system including a sensor for detecting color and flow rate of a fluid flowing through a wound drain tubing, a base station for receiving color and flow rate data from the sensor over the one or more networks, for storing the data, and for sending notifications over the one or more networks, and a user device for receiving the notification over the one or more networks. Also disclosed is a wound monitoring system that includes the sensor, the base station, a cloud server, and the user device. The base station receives the data from the sensor and transmits the data over one or more networks to the cloud server. Further disclosed is a wound drain monitoring method that employs the wound monitoring system. | 1. A wound monitoring system, comprising:
a sensor for detecting color and flow rate of a fluid flowing through a wound drain tubing, the sensor including a wireless transmitter for transmitting data for the color and the flow rate over one or more networks to a base station; a base station for receiving the data over the one or more networks and the base station for storing the data, the base station including at least one processor configured to:
compare the data with predefined parameters stored at the base station,
send a notification over the one or more networks to a user device if the predefined parameters are met by the data, and
update an electronic health record (EHR) with the data; and
a user device for receiving the notification over the one or more networks and for modifying the predefined parameters stored at the base station, the user device configured to present the notification on a display device of the user device to a user, to accept one or more input commands via a graphical user interface of the user device from the user for modifying the predefined parameters, and to transmit the modified predefined parameters to the base station over the one or more networks, wherein the at least one processor of the base station is further configured to analyze the EHR and the data stored at the base station to predict clinical outcomes and to modify the predefined parameters based on the predicted clinical outcomes. 2. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the sensor further includes optoelectronics for measuring the color and the flow rate of the fluid. 3. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the sensor further includes a laser for applying a heat pulse to the fluid and a heat detector for rapidly measuring heat dissipation in the fluid. 4. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the predefined parameters include at least one of a high flow rate limit and a low flow rate limit, and the notification is sent if flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls above the high flow rate limit when the predefined parameters include the high flow rate limit or the flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls below the low flow rate limit when the predefined parameters include the low flow rate limit. 5. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the predefined parameters include an expected flow rate and the notification is sent if the flow rate data differs by 50-100% from the expected flow rate. 6. The wound monitoring system of claim 5, wherein the expected flow rate is adjustable based on a plurality of flow rate data stored in the base station. 7. The wound monitoring system of claim 6, wherein the base station is configured to collect the plurality of flow rate data for a plurality of different patients and generate one or more models that indicate expected healing rate over time, wherein a particular model is generated based on the collected flow rate data and one or more factors that include a surgical procedure, gender, ethnicity, and comorbidity associated with one or more patients. 8. The wound monitoring system of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor of the base station is further configured to select, based on information associated with a particular patient, a particular model of the one or more models and utilize the model to determine at least one of an expected drain output and healing time for the particular patient. 9. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the predefined parameters include a target color and the notification is sent if color data associated with the color of the fluid indicates that the color of the fluid is substantially equal to the target color. 10. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the notification is indicative of infection, bleeding, drainage disruption, or a combination thereof. 11. The wound monitoring system of claim 9, wherein the base station is configured to collect a plurality of color data for a plurality of different patients and generate one or more model, wherein a particular model is generated based on one or more factors that include one or more of a surgical procedure and patient conditions. 12. The wound monitoring system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor of the base station is further configured to select, based on information associated with a particular patient, a particular model of the one or more models and utilize the model to determine the target color. 13. A wound monitoring system, comprising:
a sensor for detecting color and flow rate of a fluid flowing through a wound drain tubing, the sensor including a wireless transmitter for transmitting data for the color and the flow rate; a base station for receiving the data and transmitting the data over one or more networks to a cloud server, the cloud server including at least one processor configured to:
compare the data with predefined parameters stored at the cloud server,
send a notification over the one or more networks if the predefined parameters are met by the data, and
update an electronic health record (EHR) with the data; and
a user device for receiving the notification over the one or more networks and for modifying the predefined parameters stored at the cloud server, the user device configured to present the notification on a display device of the user device to a user, to accept one or more input commands via a graphical user interface of the user device from the user for modifying the predefined parameters, and to transmit the modified predefined parameters to the cloud server over the one or more networks, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to analyze the EHR and the data stored at the cloud server to predict clinical outcomes and to modify the predefined parameters based on the predicted clinical outcomes. 14. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the sensor further includes optoelectronics for measuring the color and the flow rate of the fluid. 15. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the sensor further includes a laser for applying a heat pulse to the fluid and a heat detector for rapidly measuring heat dissipation in the fluid. 16. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the predefined parameters include at least one of a high flow rate limit and a low flow rate limit, and the notification is sent if flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls above the high flow rate limit when the predefined parameters include the high flow rate limit or the flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls below the low flow rate limit when the predefined parameters include the low flow rate limit. 17. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the predefined parameters include an expected flow rate and the notification is sent if the flow rate data differs by 50-100% from the expected flow rate. 18. The wound monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the expected flow rate is adjustable based on a plurality of flow rate data stored in the cloud server. 19. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the predefined parameters include a target color and the notification is sent if color data associated with the color of the fluid indicates that the color of the fluid is substantially equal to the target color. 20. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the notification is indicative of infection, bleeding, drainage disruption, or a combination thereof. 21. A method for monitoring a wound fluid, comprising:
affixing a sensor to a wound drain tubing external to a patient, the sensor containing a color detector, a flow detector, and a wireless transmitter for transmitting data for the color and the flow rate over one or more networks to a base station; programming the base station with parameters for notification related to the data for the color and the flow rate, the notification to be sent to a user device over the one or more networks when the data for the color and the flow rate data meet the parameters indicating one or more of infection, bleeding, and drain blockage; activating the base station, wherein the activating causes the base station to periodically update an electronic health record of the patient with the data for the color and the flow rate and continuously compare the data with the parameters, wherein, when the parameters are met, the notification is sent to the user device over the one or more networks such that proper medical attention can be provided. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the parameters include at least one of a high flow rate limit and a low flow rate limit, and the base station is programmed to send the notification if flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls above the high flow rate limit when the parameters include the high flow rate limit or the flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls below the low flow rate limit when the parameters include the low flow rate limit. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the parameters include an expected flow rate and the base station is programmed to send the notification if the flow rate data differs by 50-100% from the expected flow rate. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the parameters include a target color and the base station is programmed to send the notification if color data associated with the color of the fluid indicates that the color of the fluid is substantially equal to the target color. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the notification is indicative of infection, bleeding, drainage disruption, or a combination thereof. | A wound monitoring system including a sensor for detecting color and flow rate of a fluid flowing through a wound drain tubing, a base station for receiving color and flow rate data from the sensor over the one or more networks, for storing the data, and for sending notifications over the one or more networks, and a user device for receiving the notification over the one or more networks. Also disclosed is a wound monitoring system that includes the sensor, the base station, a cloud server, and the user device. The base station receives the data from the sensor and transmits the data over one or more networks to the cloud server. Further disclosed is a wound drain monitoring method that employs the wound monitoring system.1. A wound monitoring system, comprising:
a sensor for detecting color and flow rate of a fluid flowing through a wound drain tubing, the sensor including a wireless transmitter for transmitting data for the color and the flow rate over one or more networks to a base station; a base station for receiving the data over the one or more networks and the base station for storing the data, the base station including at least one processor configured to:
compare the data with predefined parameters stored at the base station,
send a notification over the one or more networks to a user device if the predefined parameters are met by the data, and
update an electronic health record (EHR) with the data; and
a user device for receiving the notification over the one or more networks and for modifying the predefined parameters stored at the base station, the user device configured to present the notification on a display device of the user device to a user, to accept one or more input commands via a graphical user interface of the user device from the user for modifying the predefined parameters, and to transmit the modified predefined parameters to the base station over the one or more networks, wherein the at least one processor of the base station is further configured to analyze the EHR and the data stored at the base station to predict clinical outcomes and to modify the predefined parameters based on the predicted clinical outcomes. 2. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the sensor further includes optoelectronics for measuring the color and the flow rate of the fluid. 3. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the sensor further includes a laser for applying a heat pulse to the fluid and a heat detector for rapidly measuring heat dissipation in the fluid. 4. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the predefined parameters include at least one of a high flow rate limit and a low flow rate limit, and the notification is sent if flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls above the high flow rate limit when the predefined parameters include the high flow rate limit or the flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls below the low flow rate limit when the predefined parameters include the low flow rate limit. 5. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the predefined parameters include an expected flow rate and the notification is sent if the flow rate data differs by 50-100% from the expected flow rate. 6. The wound monitoring system of claim 5, wherein the expected flow rate is adjustable based on a plurality of flow rate data stored in the base station. 7. The wound monitoring system of claim 6, wherein the base station is configured to collect the plurality of flow rate data for a plurality of different patients and generate one or more models that indicate expected healing rate over time, wherein a particular model is generated based on the collected flow rate data and one or more factors that include a surgical procedure, gender, ethnicity, and comorbidity associated with one or more patients. 8. The wound monitoring system of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor of the base station is further configured to select, based on information associated with a particular patient, a particular model of the one or more models and utilize the model to determine at least one of an expected drain output and healing time for the particular patient. 9. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the predefined parameters include a target color and the notification is sent if color data associated with the color of the fluid indicates that the color of the fluid is substantially equal to the target color. 10. The wound monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the notification is indicative of infection, bleeding, drainage disruption, or a combination thereof. 11. The wound monitoring system of claim 9, wherein the base station is configured to collect a plurality of color data for a plurality of different patients and generate one or more model, wherein a particular model is generated based on one or more factors that include one or more of a surgical procedure and patient conditions. 12. The wound monitoring system of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor of the base station is further configured to select, based on information associated with a particular patient, a particular model of the one or more models and utilize the model to determine the target color. 13. A wound monitoring system, comprising:
a sensor for detecting color and flow rate of a fluid flowing through a wound drain tubing, the sensor including a wireless transmitter for transmitting data for the color and the flow rate; a base station for receiving the data and transmitting the data over one or more networks to a cloud server, the cloud server including at least one processor configured to:
compare the data with predefined parameters stored at the cloud server,
send a notification over the one or more networks if the predefined parameters are met by the data, and
update an electronic health record (EHR) with the data; and
a user device for receiving the notification over the one or more networks and for modifying the predefined parameters stored at the cloud server, the user device configured to present the notification on a display device of the user device to a user, to accept one or more input commands via a graphical user interface of the user device from the user for modifying the predefined parameters, and to transmit the modified predefined parameters to the cloud server over the one or more networks, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to analyze the EHR and the data stored at the cloud server to predict clinical outcomes and to modify the predefined parameters based on the predicted clinical outcomes. 14. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the sensor further includes optoelectronics for measuring the color and the flow rate of the fluid. 15. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the sensor further includes a laser for applying a heat pulse to the fluid and a heat detector for rapidly measuring heat dissipation in the fluid. 16. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the predefined parameters include at least one of a high flow rate limit and a low flow rate limit, and the notification is sent if flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls above the high flow rate limit when the predefined parameters include the high flow rate limit or the flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls below the low flow rate limit when the predefined parameters include the low flow rate limit. 17. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the predefined parameters include an expected flow rate and the notification is sent if the flow rate data differs by 50-100% from the expected flow rate. 18. The wound monitoring system of claim 17, wherein the expected flow rate is adjustable based on a plurality of flow rate data stored in the cloud server. 19. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the predefined parameters include a target color and the notification is sent if color data associated with the color of the fluid indicates that the color of the fluid is substantially equal to the target color. 20. The wound monitoring system of claim 13, wherein the notification is indicative of infection, bleeding, drainage disruption, or a combination thereof. 21. A method for monitoring a wound fluid, comprising:
affixing a sensor to a wound drain tubing external to a patient, the sensor containing a color detector, a flow detector, and a wireless transmitter for transmitting data for the color and the flow rate over one or more networks to a base station; programming the base station with parameters for notification related to the data for the color and the flow rate, the notification to be sent to a user device over the one or more networks when the data for the color and the flow rate data meet the parameters indicating one or more of infection, bleeding, and drain blockage; activating the base station, wherein the activating causes the base station to periodically update an electronic health record of the patient with the data for the color and the flow rate and continuously compare the data with the parameters, wherein, when the parameters are met, the notification is sent to the user device over the one or more networks such that proper medical attention can be provided. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the parameters include at least one of a high flow rate limit and a low flow rate limit, and the base station is programmed to send the notification if flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls above the high flow rate limit when the parameters include the high flow rate limit or the flow rate data associated with the flow rate falls below the low flow rate limit when the parameters include the low flow rate limit. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the parameters include an expected flow rate and the base station is programmed to send the notification if the flow rate data differs by 50-100% from the expected flow rate. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the parameters include a target color and the base station is programmed to send the notification if color data associated with the color of the fluid indicates that the color of the fluid is substantially equal to the target color. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein the notification is indicative of infection, bleeding, drainage disruption, or a combination thereof. | 3,600 |
346,434 | 16,804,880 | 3,635 | An apparatus measures the transverse profile of vectorial optical field beams, including at least the directional intensity complex amplitude and the polarization spatial profile. The apparatus contains a polarization separation module, a weak perturbation module, and a detection module. Characterizing the transverse profile of vector fields provides an optical metrology tool for both fundamental studies of vectorial optical fields and a wide spectrum of applications, including microscopy, surveillance, imaging, communication, material processing, and laser trapping. | 1. A computerized method of transmitting data via an optical vector beam, the method comprising:
encoding the data onto a primary optical beam to form the optical vector beam, wherein the encoding comprises differential spatial phase shift keying (DSPSK) in which the data is represented according to respective polarization states and physical changes in the optical vector beam for the respective polarization states across spatially separated portions of the optical vector beam; decoding the data by identifying the respective polarization states and respective complex intensity measurements for the spatially separated portions of the optical vector beam by: (i) selecting, from the spatially separated portions of the optical vector beam, at least two orthogonally polarized portions of the optical vector beam; and (ii) identifying the data in the optical vector beam by tracking differences between the respective complex intensity measurements for the at least two orthogonally polarized portions of the optical vector beam. 2. The computerized method of claim 1, wherein the decoding comprises calculating a transverse profile of the optical vector beam in a single shot of light. 3. The computerized method of claim 1, further comprising generating the primary vector beam by generating at least one of a vector vortex beam and a full Poincaré beam of light. 4. The computerized method of claim 1, further comprising generating the primary vector beam by superimposing at least two orthogonally polarized scalar beams onto each other. 5. The computerized method of claim 4, further comprising decoding the data by applying a transverse shift between a selected two beams of the at least two orthogonally polarized scalar beams such that the selected two beams are non-overlapping. 6. The computerized method of claim 5, further comprising adjusting polarization of the selected two beams into a single horizontal linear polarization and forming a spatially coherent scalar beam of the single horizontal linear polarization. 7. The computerized method of claim 6, further comprising applying a polarization rotation to the spatially coherent scalar beam to form a new wave field having a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component. 8. The computerized method of claim 7, further comprising detecting the new wave field at an image plane of an imaging system and converting the horizontal polarization component to a right circular polarization component (RCP) and converting the vertical polarization component to the left circular polarization component (LCP). 9. The computerized method of claim 8, further comprising detecting the new wave field at a detection plane of the imaging system and calculating a transverse linear field profile of the new wave field according to linear values for horizontal field intensity (Ih), vertical field intensity (Iv), diagonal field intensity (Id), and anti-diagonal field intensity (Ia). 10. The computerized method of claim 9, further comprising using the transverse linear field profile and the linear values Ih, Iv, Id, and Ia to calculate proportional real and imaginary parts of a transverse complex intensity field profile of the selected two beams. 11. The computerized method of claim 9, further comprising selecting two of the linear values as directional intensity values and characterizing the data encoded onto the optical vector beam by calculating a difference between the two directional intensity values. 12. The computerized method of claim 1, wherein encoding the data onto the primary optical beam comprises:
directing the primary optical beam to a first spatial light modulator; receiving the primary optical beam and an imprinted hologram at the first spatial light modulator; using the first spatial light modulator and the hologram, converting the primary optical beam into the optical vector beam having spatially separated and orthogonally polarized twin beam portions; radially separating the twin beam portions such that polarized components of the twin beam portions are non-overlapping; adjusting the polarized components of the twin beam portions into a common horizontal linear polarization state to adjust the optical vector beam into a spatially-coherent scalar beam of a single polarization. 13. A system of encoding and decoding data transmitted in an optical beam, the system comprising:
a photon source emitting a primary optical beam; at least one spatial light modulator receiving the primary optical beam and input mode twin beams encoding polarization data onto the primary optical beam to form an encoded optical vector beam; a polarizing imaging apparatus receiving the encoded optical vector beam from the at least one spatial light modulator; a polarization beam splitter connected to the polarizing imaging apparatus and separating the encoded optical vector beam into output twin beams of respective polarization states; a computer connected to the polarizing imaging apparatus and the polarization beam splitter and decoding the optical vector beam by calculating a difference between two directional intensity values associated with each of the output twin beams. 14. A system according to claim 13, wherein the input mode twin beams encode data across polarization states and/or directional intensity amplitudes. 15. A system according to claim 14, further comprising a hologram generator directing a computer generated hologram onto the spatial light modulator and forming an updated optical vector beam carrying the data. 16. A system according to claim 15, further comprising at least one interferometer receiving the updated optical vector beam and directing the updated optical vector beam to an optical system that converts horizontal and vertical polarized components of the updated optical vector beam into respective twin beams of left circular polarization and right circular polarization, producing the optical vector beam having two circular polarization components. 17. A system according to claim 16, wherein the optical system is a camera comprising a micro-polarizer array that resolves a transverse linear field profile of the optical vector beam according to linear values for horizontal field intensity (Ih), vertical field intensity (Iv), diagonal field intensity (Id), and anti-diagonal field intensity (Ia). 18. A system according to claim 17, wherein the computer calculates differences between at least two of the linear values to characterize the input mode twin beams from the optical vector beam and decode the data. | An apparatus measures the transverse profile of vectorial optical field beams, including at least the directional intensity complex amplitude and the polarization spatial profile. The apparatus contains a polarization separation module, a weak perturbation module, and a detection module. Characterizing the transverse profile of vector fields provides an optical metrology tool for both fundamental studies of vectorial optical fields and a wide spectrum of applications, including microscopy, surveillance, imaging, communication, material processing, and laser trapping.1. A computerized method of transmitting data via an optical vector beam, the method comprising:
encoding the data onto a primary optical beam to form the optical vector beam, wherein the encoding comprises differential spatial phase shift keying (DSPSK) in which the data is represented according to respective polarization states and physical changes in the optical vector beam for the respective polarization states across spatially separated portions of the optical vector beam; decoding the data by identifying the respective polarization states and respective complex intensity measurements for the spatially separated portions of the optical vector beam by: (i) selecting, from the spatially separated portions of the optical vector beam, at least two orthogonally polarized portions of the optical vector beam; and (ii) identifying the data in the optical vector beam by tracking differences between the respective complex intensity measurements for the at least two orthogonally polarized portions of the optical vector beam. 2. The computerized method of claim 1, wherein the decoding comprises calculating a transverse profile of the optical vector beam in a single shot of light. 3. The computerized method of claim 1, further comprising generating the primary vector beam by generating at least one of a vector vortex beam and a full Poincaré beam of light. 4. The computerized method of claim 1, further comprising generating the primary vector beam by superimposing at least two orthogonally polarized scalar beams onto each other. 5. The computerized method of claim 4, further comprising decoding the data by applying a transverse shift between a selected two beams of the at least two orthogonally polarized scalar beams such that the selected two beams are non-overlapping. 6. The computerized method of claim 5, further comprising adjusting polarization of the selected two beams into a single horizontal linear polarization and forming a spatially coherent scalar beam of the single horizontal linear polarization. 7. The computerized method of claim 6, further comprising applying a polarization rotation to the spatially coherent scalar beam to form a new wave field having a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component. 8. The computerized method of claim 7, further comprising detecting the new wave field at an image plane of an imaging system and converting the horizontal polarization component to a right circular polarization component (RCP) and converting the vertical polarization component to the left circular polarization component (LCP). 9. The computerized method of claim 8, further comprising detecting the new wave field at a detection plane of the imaging system and calculating a transverse linear field profile of the new wave field according to linear values for horizontal field intensity (Ih), vertical field intensity (Iv), diagonal field intensity (Id), and anti-diagonal field intensity (Ia). 10. The computerized method of claim 9, further comprising using the transverse linear field profile and the linear values Ih, Iv, Id, and Ia to calculate proportional real and imaginary parts of a transverse complex intensity field profile of the selected two beams. 11. The computerized method of claim 9, further comprising selecting two of the linear values as directional intensity values and characterizing the data encoded onto the optical vector beam by calculating a difference between the two directional intensity values. 12. The computerized method of claim 1, wherein encoding the data onto the primary optical beam comprises:
directing the primary optical beam to a first spatial light modulator; receiving the primary optical beam and an imprinted hologram at the first spatial light modulator; using the first spatial light modulator and the hologram, converting the primary optical beam into the optical vector beam having spatially separated and orthogonally polarized twin beam portions; radially separating the twin beam portions such that polarized components of the twin beam portions are non-overlapping; adjusting the polarized components of the twin beam portions into a common horizontal linear polarization state to adjust the optical vector beam into a spatially-coherent scalar beam of a single polarization. 13. A system of encoding and decoding data transmitted in an optical beam, the system comprising:
a photon source emitting a primary optical beam; at least one spatial light modulator receiving the primary optical beam and input mode twin beams encoding polarization data onto the primary optical beam to form an encoded optical vector beam; a polarizing imaging apparatus receiving the encoded optical vector beam from the at least one spatial light modulator; a polarization beam splitter connected to the polarizing imaging apparatus and separating the encoded optical vector beam into output twin beams of respective polarization states; a computer connected to the polarizing imaging apparatus and the polarization beam splitter and decoding the optical vector beam by calculating a difference between two directional intensity values associated with each of the output twin beams. 14. A system according to claim 13, wherein the input mode twin beams encode data across polarization states and/or directional intensity amplitudes. 15. A system according to claim 14, further comprising a hologram generator directing a computer generated hologram onto the spatial light modulator and forming an updated optical vector beam carrying the data. 16. A system according to claim 15, further comprising at least one interferometer receiving the updated optical vector beam and directing the updated optical vector beam to an optical system that converts horizontal and vertical polarized components of the updated optical vector beam into respective twin beams of left circular polarization and right circular polarization, producing the optical vector beam having two circular polarization components. 17. A system according to claim 16, wherein the optical system is a camera comprising a micro-polarizer array that resolves a transverse linear field profile of the optical vector beam according to linear values for horizontal field intensity (Ih), vertical field intensity (Iv), diagonal field intensity (Id), and anti-diagonal field intensity (Ia). 18. A system according to claim 17, wherein the computer calculates differences between at least two of the linear values to characterize the input mode twin beams from the optical vector beam and decode the data. | 3,600 |
346,435 | 16,804,894 | 2,847 | A bracket that manages cables on a ladder rack. The bracket includes a rung insertion area and an upper member. The rung insertion area is defined by a bottom, sidewalls extending from the bottom, and gussets extending from the bottom and positioned between the sidewalls. Each sidewall includes a top and two curved arms and each gusset includes a top and two sides. Slots are formed between each curved arm of the sidewalls and each side of the gusset. A ladder rung is inserted in the slots of the bracket to secure the ladder rung to the bracket. | 1. A bracket for cable management, the bracket comprising:
a rung insertion area defined by a bottom, sidewalls extending from the bottom, and gussets extending from the bottom and positioned between the sidewalls; wherein each sidewall includes a top and two curved arms and each gusset includes a top and two sides; 2. The bracket of claim 1, wherein each curved arm includes an angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb, wherein each pointed barb extends in a direction away from the sidewall. 3. The bracket of claim 1, wherein the gussets include angled ramps that lead to a pointed barb extending from each side. 4. The bracket of claim 1, wherein the tops of the gussets and the tops of the sidewalls are in the same plane. 5. The bracket of claim 1, wherein the slots are defined by pointed barbs extending from each sidewall and pointed barbs extending from each gusset. 6. The bracket of claim 1, wherein the upper member includes a first curved end extending from the top of one of the sidewalls, a horizontal member, and a downwardly extending flange. 7. The bracket of claim 6, wherein edges of the upper member are rounded for preventing damage to cables secured to the horizontal member. 8. The bracket of claim 6, wherein the horizontal member provides a tie locator for receiving a tie to secure cables positioned on the horizontal member. 9. The bracket of claim 1, wherein each curved arm includes an angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb and each gusset includes and angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb extending from each side. 10. A cable management assembly for securing cables to a ladder rung of a ladder rack; wherein the cable management assembly comprising:
a bracket having a rung insertion area defined by a bottom, sidewalls extending from the bottom, and gussets extending from the bottom and positioned between the sidewalls; wherein each sidewall includes a top and two curved arms and each gusset includes a top and two sides; wherein slots are formed between each curved arm of the sidewalls and each side of the gussets, and an upper member for receiving cables; and a metal tie wrapped around the upper member and cables positioned thereon; whereby the bracket receives the ladder rung in the slots of the bracket and the metal tie secures the cables to the bracket and the ladder rung. 11. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein the slots are narrower than the thickness of the ladder rung to provide an interference fit with the ladder rung. 12. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein each curved arm includes an angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb, wherein each pointed barb extends in a direction away from the sidewall. 13. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein the gussets include angled ramps that lead to a pointed barb extending from each side. 14. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein the tops of the gussets and the tops of the sidewalls are in the same plane. 15. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein the slots are defined by pointed barbs extending from each sidewall and pointed barbs extending from each gusset. 16. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein the upper member includes a first curved end extending from the top of one of the sidewalls, a horizontal member, and a downwardly extending flange; wherein the horizontal member provides a tie locator for receiving the metal tie to secure the cables positioned on the horizontal member. 17. The cable management assembly of claim 16, wherein edges of the upper member are rounded for preventing damage to the cables secured to the horizontal member. 18. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein each curved arm includes an angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb and each gusset includes an angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb extending from each side. | A bracket that manages cables on a ladder rack. The bracket includes a rung insertion area and an upper member. The rung insertion area is defined by a bottom, sidewalls extending from the bottom, and gussets extending from the bottom and positioned between the sidewalls. Each sidewall includes a top and two curved arms and each gusset includes a top and two sides. Slots are formed between each curved arm of the sidewalls and each side of the gusset. A ladder rung is inserted in the slots of the bracket to secure the ladder rung to the bracket.1. A bracket for cable management, the bracket comprising:
a rung insertion area defined by a bottom, sidewalls extending from the bottom, and gussets extending from the bottom and positioned between the sidewalls; wherein each sidewall includes a top and two curved arms and each gusset includes a top and two sides; 2. The bracket of claim 1, wherein each curved arm includes an angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb, wherein each pointed barb extends in a direction away from the sidewall. 3. The bracket of claim 1, wherein the gussets include angled ramps that lead to a pointed barb extending from each side. 4. The bracket of claim 1, wherein the tops of the gussets and the tops of the sidewalls are in the same plane. 5. The bracket of claim 1, wherein the slots are defined by pointed barbs extending from each sidewall and pointed barbs extending from each gusset. 6. The bracket of claim 1, wherein the upper member includes a first curved end extending from the top of one of the sidewalls, a horizontal member, and a downwardly extending flange. 7. The bracket of claim 6, wherein edges of the upper member are rounded for preventing damage to cables secured to the horizontal member. 8. The bracket of claim 6, wherein the horizontal member provides a tie locator for receiving a tie to secure cables positioned on the horizontal member. 9. The bracket of claim 1, wherein each curved arm includes an angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb and each gusset includes and angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb extending from each side. 10. A cable management assembly for securing cables to a ladder rung of a ladder rack; wherein the cable management assembly comprising:
a bracket having a rung insertion area defined by a bottom, sidewalls extending from the bottom, and gussets extending from the bottom and positioned between the sidewalls; wherein each sidewall includes a top and two curved arms and each gusset includes a top and two sides; wherein slots are formed between each curved arm of the sidewalls and each side of the gussets, and an upper member for receiving cables; and a metal tie wrapped around the upper member and cables positioned thereon; whereby the bracket receives the ladder rung in the slots of the bracket and the metal tie secures the cables to the bracket and the ladder rung. 11. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein the slots are narrower than the thickness of the ladder rung to provide an interference fit with the ladder rung. 12. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein each curved arm includes an angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb, wherein each pointed barb extends in a direction away from the sidewall. 13. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein the gussets include angled ramps that lead to a pointed barb extending from each side. 14. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein the tops of the gussets and the tops of the sidewalls are in the same plane. 15. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein the slots are defined by pointed barbs extending from each sidewall and pointed barbs extending from each gusset. 16. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein the upper member includes a first curved end extending from the top of one of the sidewalls, a horizontal member, and a downwardly extending flange; wherein the horizontal member provides a tie locator for receiving the metal tie to secure the cables positioned on the horizontal member. 17. The cable management assembly of claim 16, wherein edges of the upper member are rounded for preventing damage to the cables secured to the horizontal member. 18. The cable management assembly of claim 10, wherein each curved arm includes an angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb and each gusset includes an angled ramp that leads to a pointed barb extending from each side. | 2,800 |
346,436 | 16,804,876 | 2,847 | A polymeric scale inhibitor composition and a method for inhibiting metal sulfide scale formation in a well are provided. The composition includes 80-82 mol % of a first monomeric unit, where the first monomeric unit is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS). The composition also includes 2-18 mol % of a second monomeric unit selected from N-vinyl formamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. The composition further includes 2-18 mol % of a third monomeric unit selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and carboxyethyl acrylate. The polymeric scale inhibitors show superior adsorption characteristics on rocks and their subsequent release behavior allows for scale inhibition over extended time periods respectively at a significant volume of coreflood fluids. They are especially suited for downhole application via field scale squeeze treatments. | 1. A polymeric scale inhibitor composition, comprising:
80-82 mol % of a first monomeric unit, wherein the first monomeric unit is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS); 2-18 mol % of a second monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl formamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; and 2-18 mol % of a third monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and carboxyethyl acrylate. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl formamide and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl formamide and the third monomeric unit is carboxyethyl acrylate. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the third monomeric unit is carboxyethyl acrylate. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the third monomeric unit is carboxyethyl acrylate. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a weight average molecular weight between 300 kDa and 1200 kDa. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a polydispersity index in the range of 3 to 23. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is thermally stable at a temperature up to 150° C. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition inhibits the formation of one or more of iron sulfide deposits, zinc sulfide deposits, and lead sulfide deposits in a well. 12. A method for inhibiting metal sulfide scale formation in a well, the method comprising:
applying a polymeric scale inhibitor composition to a wellbore of the well, wherein the polymeric scale inhibitor composition comprises:
80-82 mol % of a first monomeric unit, wherein the first monomeric unit is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS);
2-18 mol % of a second monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl formamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; and
2-18 mol % of a third monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and carboxyethyl acrylate. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl formamide and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the second monomeric unit is diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl formamide and the third monomeric unit is carboxyethyl acrylate. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the second monomeric unit is diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the third monomeric unit is carboxyethyl acrylate. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the polymeric scale inhibitor composition is applied via a squeeze treatment and wherein the polymeric scale inhibitor composition inhibits the formation of one or more iron sulfide deposits, zinc sulfide deposits, and lead sulfide deposits in the well. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises the application of the polymeric scale inhibitor by squeezing it from within the well tubing out into the near wellbore formation rock and wherein upon return of the well to production the polymeric scale inhibitor slowly releases from the rock at a concentration that is sufficient to inhibit the formation and deposition of sulfide scale along the production line. | A polymeric scale inhibitor composition and a method for inhibiting metal sulfide scale formation in a well are provided. The composition includes 80-82 mol % of a first monomeric unit, where the first monomeric unit is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS). The composition also includes 2-18 mol % of a second monomeric unit selected from N-vinyl formamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. The composition further includes 2-18 mol % of a third monomeric unit selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and carboxyethyl acrylate. The polymeric scale inhibitors show superior adsorption characteristics on rocks and their subsequent release behavior allows for scale inhibition over extended time periods respectively at a significant volume of coreflood fluids. They are especially suited for downhole application via field scale squeeze treatments.1. A polymeric scale inhibitor composition, comprising:
80-82 mol % of a first monomeric unit, wherein the first monomeric unit is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS); 2-18 mol % of a second monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl formamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; and 2-18 mol % of a third monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and carboxyethyl acrylate. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl formamide and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl formamide and the third monomeric unit is carboxyethyl acrylate. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the third monomeric unit is carboxyethyl acrylate. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the third monomeric unit is carboxyethyl acrylate. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a weight average molecular weight between 300 kDa and 1200 kDa. 9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a polydispersity index in the range of 3 to 23. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is thermally stable at a temperature up to 150° C. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition inhibits the formation of one or more of iron sulfide deposits, zinc sulfide deposits, and lead sulfide deposits in a well. 12. A method for inhibiting metal sulfide scale formation in a well, the method comprising:
applying a polymeric scale inhibitor composition to a wellbore of the well, wherein the polymeric scale inhibitor composition comprises:
80-82 mol % of a first monomeric unit, wherein the first monomeric unit is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS);
2-18 mol % of a second monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of N-vinyl formamide, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; and
2-18 mol % of a third monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and carboxyethyl acrylate. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl formamide and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl pyrrolidone and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the second monomeric unit is diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the third monomeric unit is acrylic acid. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the second monomeric unit is N-vinyl formamide and the third monomeric unit is carboxyethyl acrylate. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the second monomeric unit is diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the third monomeric unit is carboxyethyl acrylate. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the polymeric scale inhibitor composition is applied via a squeeze treatment and wherein the polymeric scale inhibitor composition inhibits the formation of one or more iron sulfide deposits, zinc sulfide deposits, and lead sulfide deposits in the well. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein the method comprises the application of the polymeric scale inhibitor by squeezing it from within the well tubing out into the near wellbore formation rock and wherein upon return of the well to production the polymeric scale inhibitor slowly releases from the rock at a concentration that is sufficient to inhibit the formation and deposition of sulfide scale along the production line. | 2,800 |
346,437 | 16,804,855 | 2,847 | One example method includes receiving, at an IO journal, a new entry that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L, and determining whether a location specified in an oldest entry of the IO journal is specified in any other entries in the IO journal. When the location specified in the oldest entry is not specified in any other entries in the IO journal, adding the new entry to the IO journal, and augmenting the new entry with undo data. Or, when the location specified in the oldest entry is specified in at least one other entry in the IO journal, setting data specified in the oldest entry as undo data for the next entry that identifies that location, and adding the new entry to the IO journal, and deleting the oldest entry from the IO journal. | 1. A method, comprising:
creating an IO journal of length [t−q, t+p], where t is a time at which a backup image of a VM was taken, t−q refers to a period of time beginning at t and extending from t back to time q, and t−p refers to a period of time beginning at t and extending from forward to time p; identifying a restore point r that is a point in time that falls within the length of the IO journal; and determining whether r>t or r<t and then:
when r>t, and for each different location L appearing in the IO journal, applying to the backup VM image the newest IO journal entry with location L and timestamp on or before r; or
when r<t, for each different location L appearing in the IO journal over a range (t,r), applying to the backup VM image, the oldest IO journal entry with a timestamp≤r, and applying the oldest IO journal entry comprises either applying the data of the oldest IO journal entry or applying undo data of the oldest IO journal entry. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO journal entries in the range (t, r) are checked for undo data in reverse chronological order of the IO journal entries. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein when r<t, an IO journal entry that does not include undo data is not modified. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein application of undo data to an IO journal entry replaces data in that IO journal entry with data that was written by an IO at a time prior to when an IO associated with that IO journal entry was written. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the restore point r is selected based on the occurrence of an event. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein creating the IO journal comprises: collecting one or more IOs prior to time t; and, collecting one or more IOs subsequent to time t. 7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein time t is unknown when the IO journal is created. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each entry in the IO journal corresponds to a particular IO that was written at a particular time, and each entry in the IO journal comprises information that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a live VM image is creating by applying the IO journal entries to the backup VM image. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein for multiple IO journal entries that refer to the same location, only the oldest of those IO journal entries has associated undo data. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
creating an IO journal of length [t−q, t+p], where t is a time at which a backup image of a VM was taken, t−q refers to a period of time beginning at t and extending from t back to time q, and t−p refers to a period of time beginning at t and extending from forward to time p; identifying a restore point r that is a point in time that falls within the length of the IO journal; and determining whether r>t or r<t and then:
when r>t, and for each different location L appearing in the IO journal, applying to the backup VM image the newest IO journal entry with location L and timestamp on or before r; or
when r<t, for each different location L appearing in the IO journal over a range (t,r), applying to the backup VM image, the oldest IO journal entry with a timestamp≤r, and applying the oldest IO journal entry comprises either applying the data of the oldest IO journal entry or applying undo data of the oldest IO journal entry. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO journal entries in the range (t, r) are checked for undo data in reverse chronological order of the IO journal entries. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein when r<t, an IO journal entry that does not include undo data is not modified. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein application of undo data to an IO journal entry replaces data in that IO journal entry with data that was written by an IO at a time prior to when an IO associated with that IO journal entry was written. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the restore point r is selected based on the occurrence of an event. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein creating the IO journal comprises: collecting one or more IOs prior to time t; and, collecting one or more IOs subsequent to time t. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 16, wherein time t is unknown when the IO journal is created. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein each entry in the IO journal corresponds to a particular IO that was written at a particular time, and each entry in the IO journal comprises information that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein a live VM image is creating by applying the IO journal entries to the backup VM image. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein for multiple IO journal entries that refer to the same location, only the oldest of those IO journal entries has associated undo data. | One example method includes receiving, at an IO journal, a new entry that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L, and determining whether a location specified in an oldest entry of the IO journal is specified in any other entries in the IO journal. When the location specified in the oldest entry is not specified in any other entries in the IO journal, adding the new entry to the IO journal, and augmenting the new entry with undo data. Or, when the location specified in the oldest entry is specified in at least one other entry in the IO journal, setting data specified in the oldest entry as undo data for the next entry that identifies that location, and adding the new entry to the IO journal, and deleting the oldest entry from the IO journal.1. A method, comprising:
creating an IO journal of length [t−q, t+p], where t is a time at which a backup image of a VM was taken, t−q refers to a period of time beginning at t and extending from t back to time q, and t−p refers to a period of time beginning at t and extending from forward to time p; identifying a restore point r that is a point in time that falls within the length of the IO journal; and determining whether r>t or r<t and then:
when r>t, and for each different location L appearing in the IO journal, applying to the backup VM image the newest IO journal entry with location L and timestamp on or before r; or
when r<t, for each different location L appearing in the IO journal over a range (t,r), applying to the backup VM image, the oldest IO journal entry with a timestamp≤r, and applying the oldest IO journal entry comprises either applying the data of the oldest IO journal entry or applying undo data of the oldest IO journal entry. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO journal entries in the range (t, r) are checked for undo data in reverse chronological order of the IO journal entries. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein when r<t, an IO journal entry that does not include undo data is not modified. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein application of undo data to an IO journal entry replaces data in that IO journal entry with data that was written by an IO at a time prior to when an IO associated with that IO journal entry was written. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the restore point r is selected based on the occurrence of an event. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein creating the IO journal comprises: collecting one or more IOs prior to time t; and, collecting one or more IOs subsequent to time t. 7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein time t is unknown when the IO journal is created. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each entry in the IO journal corresponds to a particular IO that was written at a particular time, and each entry in the IO journal comprises information that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a live VM image is creating by applying the IO journal entries to the backup VM image. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein for multiple IO journal entries that refer to the same location, only the oldest of those IO journal entries has associated undo data. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
creating an IO journal of length [t−q, t+p], where t is a time at which a backup image of a VM was taken, t−q refers to a period of time beginning at t and extending from t back to time q, and t−p refers to a period of time beginning at t and extending from forward to time p; identifying a restore point r that is a point in time that falls within the length of the IO journal; and determining whether r>t or r<t and then:
when r>t, and for each different location L appearing in the IO journal, applying to the backup VM image the newest IO journal entry with location L and timestamp on or before r; or
when r<t, for each different location L appearing in the IO journal over a range (t,r), applying to the backup VM image, the oldest IO journal entry with a timestamp≤r, and applying the oldest IO journal entry comprises either applying the data of the oldest IO journal entry or applying undo data of the oldest IO journal entry. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO journal entries in the range (t, r) are checked for undo data in reverse chronological order of the IO journal entries. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein when r<t, an IO journal entry that does not include undo data is not modified. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein application of undo data to an IO journal entry replaces data in that IO journal entry with data that was written by an IO at a time prior to when an IO associated with that IO journal entry was written. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the restore point r is selected based on the occurrence of an event. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein creating the IO journal comprises: collecting one or more IOs prior to time t; and, collecting one or more IOs subsequent to time t. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 16, wherein time t is unknown when the IO journal is created. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein each entry in the IO journal corresponds to a particular IO that was written at a particular time, and each entry in the IO journal comprises information that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein a live VM image is creating by applying the IO journal entries to the backup VM image. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein for multiple IO journal entries that refer to the same location, only the oldest of those IO journal entries has associated undo data. | 2,800 |
346,438 | 16,804,851 | 2,847 | There may be a gap between the time a beam pair link (BPL) impacted by a beam failure (BF) event is deactivated and the time a replacement BPL is activated and becomes fully functional at a UE. The gap may be called a blackout period. A base station may not know the blackout period and may continue transmitting to the UE on the impacted BPL during the blackout period. This may result in a transmission failure. Disclosed herein are apparatus and methods for determining a blackout period associated with a beam failure (BF) event and communicating a blackout indication to a base station, the blackout indication including the blackout period. | 1. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
determining a blackout period associated with a beam failure (BF) event; and communicating a blackout indication to a base station, the blackout indication including the blackout period, wherein communicating the blackout indication comprises: transmitting a schedule request (SR) to request an uplink transmission; receiving a downlink signaling message in response to the SR; and transmitting the blackout indication based on the received downlink signaling message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining of the blackout period comprises identifying a configuration of UE receiving and transmitting components. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining of the blackout period comprises identifying at least one antenna panel that is impacted by the BF event and predicting the blackout period for at least one beam pair link (BPL) associated with the at least one antenna panel. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a confirmation message from the base station in response to the blackout indication. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
ceasing monitoring the BPL upon receiving the confirmation message from the base station. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said ceasing of monitoring the BPL further comprises ceasing monitoring the BPL for an already scheduled downlink transmission during the blackout period. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said communicating of the blackout indication comprises transmitting the blackout indication on a carrier frequency different from a current carrier frequency on the BPL or on another BPL. 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said communicating of the blackout indication comprises transmitting a detailed blackout report in an uplink message without first transmitting a SR. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the blackout indication comprises one or more of:
a first time stamp indicating a start of the blackout period; a second time stamp indicating an end of the blackout period; an indication of an identifier of the BPL; an identifier of a first antenna panel associated with the BPL with a deactivation time stamp; and an identifier of a second antenna panel associated with the BPL with an activation time stamp. 11. The method of claim 3, wherein the blackout indication further comprises an indicator of whether or not the entire UE is impacted, and the indicator is set if the one antenna panel is a last antenna panel in service for the UE. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the blackout period is implicitly indicated if the activation time stamp is greater than the deactivation time stamp. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, an ID of an antenna panel, an ID of an SRS resource, a RS resource, and/or an assigned target RS resource or wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a configuration of a RS. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the configuration of the RS indicates spatial relationship information linking the SRS resource with the RS resource or an antenna panel ID. 15. A method of wireless communication at a base station in communication with a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a blackout indication from the UE, reporting a beam failure event impacting at least one beam pair link (BPL); and determining a blackout period from the received blackout indication, 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the blackout indication comprises at least one or more of:
a time stamp indicating a start of the blackout period; a time stamp indicating an end of the blackout period; an indication of an identifier of the BPL; an identifier of an antenna panel associated with the BPL with a deactivation time stamp; an identifier of a second antenna panel associated with the BPL with an activation time stamp. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the blackout period is implicitly indicated if the activation time stamp is after deactivation time stamp. 18. The method of claim 16, where said determining of the blackout period comprises identifying at least one antenna panel that is impacted by the identified BF event and identifying the blackout period for at least one beam pair link (BPL) associated with the at least one antenna panel, based on the activation time stamp and the deactivation time stamp. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising
transmitting a confirmation message to the UE to request that the base station refrains from transmitting during the blackout period on the at least one impacted BPL. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising
ceasing monitoring the BPL upon receiving the blackout indication. 21. The method of claim 15, further comprising
scheduling uplink and downlink transmissions based at least in part on the determined blackout period. 22. (canceled) 23. The method of claim 15, wherein said receiving of the blackout indication further comprises receiving a detailed blackout report in an uplink message without first transmitting a SR. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the indicator for the entire UE is set if the at least one antenna panel is a last antenna panel in service for the UE. 25. The method of claim 16, wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, an ID of an antenna panel, an ID of an SRS resource, a RS resource, and/or an assigned target RS resource or wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a configuration of a RS. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the configuration of the RS indicates spatial relationship information linking the SRS resource with the RS resource or an antenna panel ID. 27. An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: determine a blackout period associated with a beam failure (BF) event; and communicate a blackout indication to a base station, the blackout indication including the blackout period, wherein communicating the blackout indication comprises: transmitting a schedule request (SR) to request an uplink transmission; receiving a downlink signaling message in response to the SR; and transmitting the blackout indication based on the received downlink signaling message. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein said determining of the blackout period comprises identifying a configuration of UE receiving and transmitting components. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein said determining of the blackout period comprises identifying at least one antenna panel that is impacted by the BF event and predicting the blackout period for at least one beam pair link (BPL) associated with the at least one antenna panel. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to
receive a confirmation message from the base station in response to the blackout indication. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cease monitoring the BPL upon receiving the confirmation message from the base station. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein said ceasing of monitoring the BPL further comprises ceasing monitoring the BPL for an already scheduled downlink transmission during the blackout period. 33. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein said communicating of the blackout indication comprises transmitting the blackout indication on a carrier frequency different from a current carrier frequency on the BPL or on another BPL. 34. (canceled) 35. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein said communicating of the blackout indication comprises transmitting a detailed blackout report in an uplink message without first transmitting a SR. 36. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the blackout indication comprises one or more of:
a first time stamp indicating a start of the blackout period; a second time stamp indicating an end of the blackout period; an indication of an identifier of the BPL; an identifier of a first antenna panel associated with the BPL with a deactivation time stamp; and an identifier of a second antenna panel associated with the BPL with an activation time stamp. 37. An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
means for determining a blackout period associated with a beam failure (BF) event; and 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the means for determining the blackout period comprises means for identifying a configuration of UE receiving and transmitting components. 39. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein said means for determining of the blackout period comprises means for identifying at least one antenna panel that is impacted by the BF event and predicting the blackout period for at least one beam pair link (BPL) associated with the at least one antenna panel. 40. (canceled) | There may be a gap between the time a beam pair link (BPL) impacted by a beam failure (BF) event is deactivated and the time a replacement BPL is activated and becomes fully functional at a UE. The gap may be called a blackout period. A base station may not know the blackout period and may continue transmitting to the UE on the impacted BPL during the blackout period. This may result in a transmission failure. Disclosed herein are apparatus and methods for determining a blackout period associated with a beam failure (BF) event and communicating a blackout indication to a base station, the blackout indication including the blackout period.1. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
determining a blackout period associated with a beam failure (BF) event; and communicating a blackout indication to a base station, the blackout indication including the blackout period, wherein communicating the blackout indication comprises: transmitting a schedule request (SR) to request an uplink transmission; receiving a downlink signaling message in response to the SR; and transmitting the blackout indication based on the received downlink signaling message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining of the blackout period comprises identifying a configuration of UE receiving and transmitting components. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said determining of the blackout period comprises identifying at least one antenna panel that is impacted by the BF event and predicting the blackout period for at least one beam pair link (BPL) associated with the at least one antenna panel. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a confirmation message from the base station in response to the blackout indication. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
ceasing monitoring the BPL upon receiving the confirmation message from the base station. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said ceasing of monitoring the BPL further comprises ceasing monitoring the BPL for an already scheduled downlink transmission during the blackout period. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said communicating of the blackout indication comprises transmitting the blackout indication on a carrier frequency different from a current carrier frequency on the BPL or on another BPL. 8. (canceled) 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said communicating of the blackout indication comprises transmitting a detailed blackout report in an uplink message without first transmitting a SR. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the blackout indication comprises one or more of:
a first time stamp indicating a start of the blackout period; a second time stamp indicating an end of the blackout period; an indication of an identifier of the BPL; an identifier of a first antenna panel associated with the BPL with a deactivation time stamp; and an identifier of a second antenna panel associated with the BPL with an activation time stamp. 11. The method of claim 3, wherein the blackout indication further comprises an indicator of whether or not the entire UE is impacted, and the indicator is set if the one antenna panel is a last antenna panel in service for the UE. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the blackout period is implicitly indicated if the activation time stamp is greater than the deactivation time stamp. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, an ID of an antenna panel, an ID of an SRS resource, a RS resource, and/or an assigned target RS resource or wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a configuration of a RS. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the configuration of the RS indicates spatial relationship information linking the SRS resource with the RS resource or an antenna panel ID. 15. A method of wireless communication at a base station in communication with a user equipment (UE), comprising:
receiving a blackout indication from the UE, reporting a beam failure event impacting at least one beam pair link (BPL); and determining a blackout period from the received blackout indication, 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the blackout indication comprises at least one or more of:
a time stamp indicating a start of the blackout period; a time stamp indicating an end of the blackout period; an indication of an identifier of the BPL; an identifier of an antenna panel associated with the BPL with a deactivation time stamp; an identifier of a second antenna panel associated with the BPL with an activation time stamp. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the blackout period is implicitly indicated if the activation time stamp is after deactivation time stamp. 18. The method of claim 16, where said determining of the blackout period comprises identifying at least one antenna panel that is impacted by the identified BF event and identifying the blackout period for at least one beam pair link (BPL) associated with the at least one antenna panel, based on the activation time stamp and the deactivation time stamp. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising
transmitting a confirmation message to the UE to request that the base station refrains from transmitting during the blackout period on the at least one impacted BPL. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising
ceasing monitoring the BPL upon receiving the blackout indication. 21. The method of claim 15, further comprising
scheduling uplink and downlink transmissions based at least in part on the determined blackout period. 22. (canceled) 23. The method of claim 15, wherein said receiving of the blackout indication further comprises receiving a detailed blackout report in an uplink message without first transmitting a SR. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the indicator for the entire UE is set if the at least one antenna panel is a last antenna panel in service for the UE. 25. The method of claim 16, wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, an ID of an antenna panel, an ID of an SRS resource, a RS resource, and/or an assigned target RS resource or wherein the identifier of the BPL is associated with a configuration of a RS. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the configuration of the RS indicates spatial relationship information linking the SRS resource with the RS resource or an antenna panel ID. 27. An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
a transceiver; a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: determine a blackout period associated with a beam failure (BF) event; and communicate a blackout indication to a base station, the blackout indication including the blackout period, wherein communicating the blackout indication comprises: transmitting a schedule request (SR) to request an uplink transmission; receiving a downlink signaling message in response to the SR; and transmitting the blackout indication based on the received downlink signaling message. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein said determining of the blackout period comprises identifying a configuration of UE receiving and transmitting components. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein said determining of the blackout period comprises identifying at least one antenna panel that is impacted by the BF event and predicting the blackout period for at least one beam pair link (BPL) associated with the at least one antenna panel. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to
receive a confirmation message from the base station in response to the blackout indication. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cease monitoring the BPL upon receiving the confirmation message from the base station. 32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein said ceasing of monitoring the BPL further comprises ceasing monitoring the BPL for an already scheduled downlink transmission during the blackout period. 33. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein said communicating of the blackout indication comprises transmitting the blackout indication on a carrier frequency different from a current carrier frequency on the BPL or on another BPL. 34. (canceled) 35. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein said communicating of the blackout indication comprises transmitting a detailed blackout report in an uplink message without first transmitting a SR. 36. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the blackout indication comprises one or more of:
a first time stamp indicating a start of the blackout period; a second time stamp indicating an end of the blackout period; an indication of an identifier of the BPL; an identifier of a first antenna panel associated with the BPL with a deactivation time stamp; and an identifier of a second antenna panel associated with the BPL with an activation time stamp. 37. An apparatus for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), comprising:
means for determining a blackout period associated with a beam failure (BF) event; and 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the means for determining the blackout period comprises means for identifying a configuration of UE receiving and transmitting components. 39. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein said means for determining of the blackout period comprises means for identifying at least one antenna panel that is impacted by the BF event and predicting the blackout period for at least one beam pair link (BPL) associated with the at least one antenna panel. 40. (canceled) | 2,800 |
346,439 | 16,804,881 | 2,847 | A method for controlling an access to a resource is provided. The method includes receiving, from a first user, a first input that relates to a business criterion for a provision of the access to the resource; receiving, from a second user, a second input that relates to an application-specific criterion for the provision of the access to the resource; generating one or more one access-control rules based on the inputs; receiving an access request; and determining whether to grant the access request based on the rules, and any conditions that pertain to the access. The method effectively decouples the business-related criterion from the application-specific criterion for the access determination, thereby ensuring that business stakeholders and application owners each have an independent ability to provide inputs for generating access-control rules and policies. | 1. A method for controlling an access to a resource, the method being implemented by at least one processor, the method comprising:
receiving, from a first user, a first input that relates to a business criterion for a provision of the access to the resource; receiving, from a second user, a second input that relates to an application-specific criterion for the provision of the access to the resource; generating, based on the first input and the second input, at least one rule for the provision of the access of the resource; receiving, from a third user, a resource access request that includes information that relates to an identification of the third user; determining, based on the at least one rule and the information included in the resource access request, whether to grant the access to the resource, and at least one condition upon which the access grant is contingent; and transmitting, to the third user, a message that indicates a result of the determining. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the business criterion includes at least one of an indication of an entity to which the access is to be granted and an indication of a condition upon which the access grant depends. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first input includes at least one of a name of a person, a job title of an employee, a name of a group, an organizational identification, access time information, a permissible access location, and an operational aspect of the access. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the application-specific criterion includes at least one of an indication of an entity to which the access is to be granted and an indication of a condition upon which the access grant depends. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second input includes at least one of a name of a person, a job title of an employee, a name of a group, an organizational identification, access time information, a permissible access location, and an operational aspect of the access. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising validating the result of the determining by performing an access management certification. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the access management certification includes at least one of a policy certification, a role certification, an exception certification, a segregation of duty certification, and an access termination certification. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein when the result of the determining indicates that the access is to be granted to the third user, the method further includes authenticating an identification of the third user and granting the access to the third user in response to a successful authentication. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, in a memory, information that relates to a record of the access grant; and adjusting the at least one rule based on the stored information. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from at least one of the first user and the second user, a request that relates to a proposed access rule change; and adjusting the at least one rule based on the received request. 11. A computing apparatus for controlling an access to a resource, the computing apparatus comprising:
a processor; a memory; and a communication interface coupled to each of the processor and the memory, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, from a first user via the communication interface, a first input that relates to a business criterion for a provision of the access to the resource;
receive, from a second user via the communication interface, a second input that relates to an application-specific criterion for the provision of the access to the resource;
generate, based on the first input and the second input, at least one rule for the provision of the access of the resource;
receive, from a third user via the communication interface, a resource access request that includes information that relates to an identification of the third user;
determine, based on the at least one rule and the information included in the resource access request, whether to grant the access to the resource, and at least one condition upon which the access grant is contingent; and
transmit, to the third user via the communication interface, a message that indicates a result of the determination. 12. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the business criterion includes at least one of an indication of an entity to which the access is to be granted and an indication of a condition upon which the access grant depends. 13. The computing apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first input includes at least one of a name of a person, a job title of an employee, a name of a group, an organizational identification, access time information, a permissible access location, and an operational aspect of the access. 14. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the application-specific criterion includes at least one of an indication of an entity to which the access is to be granted and an indication of a condition upon which the access grant depends. 15. The computing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the second input includes at least one of a name of a person, a job title of an employee, a name of a group, an organizational identification, access time information, a permissible access location, and an operational aspect of the access. 16. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to validate the result of the determination by performing an access management certification. 17. The computing apparatus of claim 16, wherein the access management certification includes at least one of a policy certification, a role certification, an exception certification, a segregation of duty certification, and an access termination certification. 18. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein when the result of the determination indicates that the access is to be granted to the third user, the processor is further configured to authenticate an identification of the third user and grant the access to the third user in response to a successful authentication. 19. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
store, in the memory, information that relates to a record of the access grant; and adjust the at least one rule based on the stored information. 20. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, from at least one of the first user and the second user via the communication interface, a request that relates to a proposed access rule change; and adjust the at least one rule based on the received request. | A method for controlling an access to a resource is provided. The method includes receiving, from a first user, a first input that relates to a business criterion for a provision of the access to the resource; receiving, from a second user, a second input that relates to an application-specific criterion for the provision of the access to the resource; generating one or more one access-control rules based on the inputs; receiving an access request; and determining whether to grant the access request based on the rules, and any conditions that pertain to the access. The method effectively decouples the business-related criterion from the application-specific criterion for the access determination, thereby ensuring that business stakeholders and application owners each have an independent ability to provide inputs for generating access-control rules and policies.1. A method for controlling an access to a resource, the method being implemented by at least one processor, the method comprising:
receiving, from a first user, a first input that relates to a business criterion for a provision of the access to the resource; receiving, from a second user, a second input that relates to an application-specific criterion for the provision of the access to the resource; generating, based on the first input and the second input, at least one rule for the provision of the access of the resource; receiving, from a third user, a resource access request that includes information that relates to an identification of the third user; determining, based on the at least one rule and the information included in the resource access request, whether to grant the access to the resource, and at least one condition upon which the access grant is contingent; and transmitting, to the third user, a message that indicates a result of the determining. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the business criterion includes at least one of an indication of an entity to which the access is to be granted and an indication of a condition upon which the access grant depends. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first input includes at least one of a name of a person, a job title of an employee, a name of a group, an organizational identification, access time information, a permissible access location, and an operational aspect of the access. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the application-specific criterion includes at least one of an indication of an entity to which the access is to be granted and an indication of a condition upon which the access grant depends. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second input includes at least one of a name of a person, a job title of an employee, a name of a group, an organizational identification, access time information, a permissible access location, and an operational aspect of the access. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising validating the result of the determining by performing an access management certification. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the access management certification includes at least one of a policy certification, a role certification, an exception certification, a segregation of duty certification, and an access termination certification. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein when the result of the determining indicates that the access is to be granted to the third user, the method further includes authenticating an identification of the third user and granting the access to the third user in response to a successful authentication. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, in a memory, information that relates to a record of the access grant; and adjusting the at least one rule based on the stored information. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, from at least one of the first user and the second user, a request that relates to a proposed access rule change; and adjusting the at least one rule based on the received request. 11. A computing apparatus for controlling an access to a resource, the computing apparatus comprising:
a processor; a memory; and a communication interface coupled to each of the processor and the memory, wherein the processor is configured to:
receive, from a first user via the communication interface, a first input that relates to a business criterion for a provision of the access to the resource;
receive, from a second user via the communication interface, a second input that relates to an application-specific criterion for the provision of the access to the resource;
generate, based on the first input and the second input, at least one rule for the provision of the access of the resource;
receive, from a third user via the communication interface, a resource access request that includes information that relates to an identification of the third user;
determine, based on the at least one rule and the information included in the resource access request, whether to grant the access to the resource, and at least one condition upon which the access grant is contingent; and
transmit, to the third user via the communication interface, a message that indicates a result of the determination. 12. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the business criterion includes at least one of an indication of an entity to which the access is to be granted and an indication of a condition upon which the access grant depends. 13. The computing apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first input includes at least one of a name of a person, a job title of an employee, a name of a group, an organizational identification, access time information, a permissible access location, and an operational aspect of the access. 14. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the application-specific criterion includes at least one of an indication of an entity to which the access is to be granted and an indication of a condition upon which the access grant depends. 15. The computing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the second input includes at least one of a name of a person, a job title of an employee, a name of a group, an organizational identification, access time information, a permissible access location, and an operational aspect of the access. 16. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to validate the result of the determination by performing an access management certification. 17. The computing apparatus of claim 16, wherein the access management certification includes at least one of a policy certification, a role certification, an exception certification, a segregation of duty certification, and an access termination certification. 18. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein when the result of the determination indicates that the access is to be granted to the third user, the processor is further configured to authenticate an identification of the third user and grant the access to the third user in response to a successful authentication. 19. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
store, in the memory, information that relates to a record of the access grant; and adjust the at least one rule based on the stored information. 20. The computing apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, from at least one of the first user and the second user via the communication interface, a request that relates to a proposed access rule change; and adjust the at least one rule based on the received request. | 2,800 |
346,440 | 16,804,886 | 2,847 | A cart for medical equipment includes a column supporting a platform for mounting a piece of medical equipment to the cart. A base including one or more wheels that support the column, and a handgrip at least partially encircling the platform. The handgrip includes an upper surface substantially devoid of openings and an opposite lower surface including one or more elongated accessory slots opening downwardly toward the one or more wheels. The one or more elongated accessory slots are configured to receive a portion of an accessory mount such that the accessory mount is slidingly adjustable along a length of the one or more accessory slots. | 1. A cart for medical equipment, comprising:
a column supporting a platform for mounting a piece of medical equipment to the cart; a base comprising one or more wheels that support the column; and a handgrip at least partially encircling the platform, wherein the handgrip comprises:
an upper surface substantially devoid of openings; and
an opposite lower surface comprising one or more elongated accessory slots opening downwardly toward the one or more wheels, wherein the one or more elongated accessory slots are configured to receive a portion of an accessory mount such that the accessory mount is slidingly adjustable along a length of the one or more accessory slots. 2. The cart of claim 1, wherein the one or more accessory slots are substantially T-shaped. 3. The cart of claim 1, wherein the one or more accessory slots are substantially dovetail-shaped. 4. The cart of claim 1, wherein an enlarged opening is located at an end of the one or more accessory slots, wherein the opening is configured to direct a portion of the accessory mount into the one or more accessory slots. 5. The cart of claim 4, wherein the opening is substantially tapered. 6. The cart of claim 1, wherein the handgrip comprises an unbroken loop around the platform. 7. The cart of claim 6, wherein at least a portion of the handgrip is devoid of the one or more accessory slots. 8. The cart of claim 6, wherein the handgrip is substantially rectangular and two opposing sides comprise a pivot point so that a portion of the handgrip may selectively pivot relative to the column. 9. A cart for a medical ventilator, comprising:
a column supporting a platform for mounting at least a portion of the medical ventilator to the cart; a base comprising one or more wheels that support the column; a handgrip encircling the platform in an unbroken loop, wherein the handgrip comprises:
an upper surface; and
an opposite lower surface comprising one or more elongated accessory slots opening downwardly toward the one or more wheels; and
at least one accessory mount comprising a head, wherein the head is at least partially receivable within the one or more elongated accessory slots such that the at least one accessory mount is slidingly adjustable along a length of the one or more accessory slots. 10. The cart of claim 9, wherein the at least one accessory mount comprises a clamp for selectively locking the at least one accessory mount to the handgrip. 11. The cart of claim 10, wherein the clamp is biased toward a tightening configuration to lock the at least one accessory mount to the handgrip. 12. The cart of claim 9, wherein the at least one accessory mount supports an accessory, wherein the accessory comprises a circuit support arm. 13. The cart of claim 9, wherein the one or more accessory slots comprises an enlarged opening configured to receive the head so that the head can be disposed within the one or more elongated accessory slot. 14. The cart of claim 13, wherein the upper surface comprises at least one indicia that corresponds to a position of the enlarged opening. 15. A handgrip assembly for a medical equipment cart, comprising:
a handgrip that at least partially encircles an upper portion of the medical equipment cart, the handgrip comprising:
an upper surface substantially devoid of openings; and
an opposite lower surface comprising one or more elongated accessory slots opening in a downward direction; and
at least one accessory mount comprising a head, wherein the head is at least partially receivable within the one or more elongated accessory slots such that the at least one accessory mount is slidingly adjustable along a length of the one or more accessory slots. 16. The handgrip assembly of claim 15, wherein the one or more accessory slots extend around the handgrip for about 270°. 17. The handgrip assembly of claim 15, wherein the handgrip is substantially rectangular shaped, and wherein the one or more accessory slots comprise three discrete accessory slots, each disposed on a separate side of the handgrip. 18. The handgrip assembly of claim 17, wherein corners of the handgrip are substantially devoid of the one or more accessory slots. 19. The handgrip assembly of claim 17, wherein each of the three accessory slots comprises at least one enlarged opening configured to receive the head so that the head can be disposed within the one or more elongated accessory slots. 20. The handgrip assembly of claim 19, wherein each end of the three accessory slots comprises an enlarged opening of the at least one enlarged opening. | A cart for medical equipment includes a column supporting a platform for mounting a piece of medical equipment to the cart. A base including one or more wheels that support the column, and a handgrip at least partially encircling the platform. The handgrip includes an upper surface substantially devoid of openings and an opposite lower surface including one or more elongated accessory slots opening downwardly toward the one or more wheels. The one or more elongated accessory slots are configured to receive a portion of an accessory mount such that the accessory mount is slidingly adjustable along a length of the one or more accessory slots.1. A cart for medical equipment, comprising:
a column supporting a platform for mounting a piece of medical equipment to the cart; a base comprising one or more wheels that support the column; and a handgrip at least partially encircling the platform, wherein the handgrip comprises:
an upper surface substantially devoid of openings; and
an opposite lower surface comprising one or more elongated accessory slots opening downwardly toward the one or more wheels, wherein the one or more elongated accessory slots are configured to receive a portion of an accessory mount such that the accessory mount is slidingly adjustable along a length of the one or more accessory slots. 2. The cart of claim 1, wherein the one or more accessory slots are substantially T-shaped. 3. The cart of claim 1, wherein the one or more accessory slots are substantially dovetail-shaped. 4. The cart of claim 1, wherein an enlarged opening is located at an end of the one or more accessory slots, wherein the opening is configured to direct a portion of the accessory mount into the one or more accessory slots. 5. The cart of claim 4, wherein the opening is substantially tapered. 6. The cart of claim 1, wherein the handgrip comprises an unbroken loop around the platform. 7. The cart of claim 6, wherein at least a portion of the handgrip is devoid of the one or more accessory slots. 8. The cart of claim 6, wherein the handgrip is substantially rectangular and two opposing sides comprise a pivot point so that a portion of the handgrip may selectively pivot relative to the column. 9. A cart for a medical ventilator, comprising:
a column supporting a platform for mounting at least a portion of the medical ventilator to the cart; a base comprising one or more wheels that support the column; a handgrip encircling the platform in an unbroken loop, wherein the handgrip comprises:
an upper surface; and
an opposite lower surface comprising one or more elongated accessory slots opening downwardly toward the one or more wheels; and
at least one accessory mount comprising a head, wherein the head is at least partially receivable within the one or more elongated accessory slots such that the at least one accessory mount is slidingly adjustable along a length of the one or more accessory slots. 10. The cart of claim 9, wherein the at least one accessory mount comprises a clamp for selectively locking the at least one accessory mount to the handgrip. 11. The cart of claim 10, wherein the clamp is biased toward a tightening configuration to lock the at least one accessory mount to the handgrip. 12. The cart of claim 9, wherein the at least one accessory mount supports an accessory, wherein the accessory comprises a circuit support arm. 13. The cart of claim 9, wherein the one or more accessory slots comprises an enlarged opening configured to receive the head so that the head can be disposed within the one or more elongated accessory slot. 14. The cart of claim 13, wherein the upper surface comprises at least one indicia that corresponds to a position of the enlarged opening. 15. A handgrip assembly for a medical equipment cart, comprising:
a handgrip that at least partially encircles an upper portion of the medical equipment cart, the handgrip comprising:
an upper surface substantially devoid of openings; and
an opposite lower surface comprising one or more elongated accessory slots opening in a downward direction; and
at least one accessory mount comprising a head, wherein the head is at least partially receivable within the one or more elongated accessory slots such that the at least one accessory mount is slidingly adjustable along a length of the one or more accessory slots. 16. The handgrip assembly of claim 15, wherein the one or more accessory slots extend around the handgrip for about 270°. 17. The handgrip assembly of claim 15, wherein the handgrip is substantially rectangular shaped, and wherein the one or more accessory slots comprise three discrete accessory slots, each disposed on a separate side of the handgrip. 18. The handgrip assembly of claim 17, wherein corners of the handgrip are substantially devoid of the one or more accessory slots. 19. The handgrip assembly of claim 17, wherein each of the three accessory slots comprises at least one enlarged opening configured to receive the head so that the head can be disposed within the one or more elongated accessory slots. 20. The handgrip assembly of claim 19, wherein each end of the three accessory slots comprises an enlarged opening of the at least one enlarged opening. | 2,800 |
346,441 | 16,804,873 | 2,847 | The present application relates to a hearing aid adapted to be worn in or at an ear of a hearing aid user and/or to be fully or partially implanted in the head of the hearing aid user. The hearing aid may comprise an input unit for receiving an input sound signal from an environment of a hearing aid user and providing at least one electric input signal representing said input sound signal, an output unit for providing at least one set of stimuli perceivable as sound to the hearing aid user based on processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, a voice activity detector (VAD) configured to determine speech in the input sound signal, an own voice detector (OVD) configured to determine own voice of the hearing aid user in the input sound signal, a processing unit connected to said input unit and to said output unit and comprising signal processing parameters of the hearing aid to provide processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, a turn-taking determining unit configured to determine turn-taking behaviour of the hearing aid user, wherein the processing unit is configured to adjust said signal processing parameters based on the determined turn-taking behavior of the hearing aid user. | 1. Hearing aid adapted to be worn in or at an ear of a hearing aid user and/or to be fully or partially implanted in the head of the hearing aid user, the hearing aid comprising:
an input unit for receiving an input sound signal from an environment of a hearing aid user and providing at least one electric input signal representing said input sound signal, an output unit for providing at least one set of stimuli perceivable as sound to the hearing aid user based on processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, a voice activity detector (VAD) configured to determine speech in the input sound signal, an own voice detector (OVD) configured to determine own voice of the hearing aid user in the input sound signal, a processing unit connected to said input unit and to said output unit and comprising signal processing parameters of the hearing aid to provide processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, a turn-taking determining unit configured to determine turn-taking behaviour of the hearing aid user, wherein the processing unit is configured to adjust said signal processing parameters based on the determined turn-taking behavior of the hearing aid user. 2. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid comprises a modulation filter configured to determine speaking rate of the hearing aid user. 3. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimator configured to determine SNR in the environment of the hearing aid user. 4. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a sound pressure level (SPL) estimator for measuring the level of sound at the input unit. 5. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid further comprises a timer configured to determine starting points in time of the turn taking determination. 6. Hearing aid according to claim 5, wherein the hearing aid is configured to initiate the turn-taking determination unit when the timer is determining a starting point. 7. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid comprises a memory unit configured to store reference signal processing parameters of the processing unit, and wherein the processing unit is configured to apply the reference signal processing parameters when the OVD has not determined own voice for a second time segment. 8. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid comprises an accelerometer and/or an ear canal microphone, and wherein the OVD is configured to determine own voice of the hearing aid user based on the accelerometer and/or an ear canal microphone. 9. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid comprises an inertial measurement unit. 10. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid is configured to transmit the determined turn-taking behaviour of the hearing aid user to a server device configured to adjust the reference signal processing parameters of the hearing aid based on the said turn-taking behaviour. 11. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid is configured to receive the adjusted reference signal processing parameters from the server device and store the adjusted reference signal processing parameters on the memory unit. 12. Hearing system comprising a first and a second hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second hearing aid including an antenna and a transceiver circuitry for establishing a communication link to the other hearing aid, and thereby allowing the exchange of information between the two hearing aids. 13. Hearing system according to claim 12, wherein each of the first and second hearing aids is configured to communicate their determined turn-taking behaviour to the other hearing aid, and to determine a confidence level of the respective determined turn-taking behavior. 14. Hearing system according to claim 13, wherein, when the determined confidence level is above a confidence threshold, then the processing unit is configured to adjust the signal processing parameters. 15. Hearing system according to claim 12, further comprising IR sensors configured to monitor eye gaze of the hearing aid user. 16. Method comprising
receiving an input sound signal from an environment of a hearing aid user and providing at least one electric input signal representing said input sound signal, by an input unit, determining speech in the input sound signal, by a voice activity detector (VAD), determining own voice of the hearing aid user in the input sound signal, by an own voice detector (OVD), determining turn-taking behaviour of the hearing aid user, by a turn-taking determining unit, adjusting signal processing parameters based on the determined turn-taking behavior of the hearing aid user, providing processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, by a processing unit connected to said input unit and to an output unit and comprising said adjusted signal processing parameters of the hearing aid, providing at least one set of stimuli perceivable as sound to the hearing aid user based on the processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, by the output unit. 17. Hearing aid according to claim 2, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimator configured to determine SNR in the environment of the hearing aid user. 18. Hearing aid according to claim 3, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimator configured to determine SNR in the environment of the hearing aid user. 19. Hearing aid according to claim 2, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a sound pressure level (SPL) estimator for measuring the level of sound at the input unit. 20. Hearing aid according to claim 3, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a sound pressure level (SPL) estimator for measuring the level of sound at the input unit. | The present application relates to a hearing aid adapted to be worn in or at an ear of a hearing aid user and/or to be fully or partially implanted in the head of the hearing aid user. The hearing aid may comprise an input unit for receiving an input sound signal from an environment of a hearing aid user and providing at least one electric input signal representing said input sound signal, an output unit for providing at least one set of stimuli perceivable as sound to the hearing aid user based on processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, a voice activity detector (VAD) configured to determine speech in the input sound signal, an own voice detector (OVD) configured to determine own voice of the hearing aid user in the input sound signal, a processing unit connected to said input unit and to said output unit and comprising signal processing parameters of the hearing aid to provide processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, a turn-taking determining unit configured to determine turn-taking behaviour of the hearing aid user, wherein the processing unit is configured to adjust said signal processing parameters based on the determined turn-taking behavior of the hearing aid user.1. Hearing aid adapted to be worn in or at an ear of a hearing aid user and/or to be fully or partially implanted in the head of the hearing aid user, the hearing aid comprising:
an input unit for receiving an input sound signal from an environment of a hearing aid user and providing at least one electric input signal representing said input sound signal, an output unit for providing at least one set of stimuli perceivable as sound to the hearing aid user based on processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, a voice activity detector (VAD) configured to determine speech in the input sound signal, an own voice detector (OVD) configured to determine own voice of the hearing aid user in the input sound signal, a processing unit connected to said input unit and to said output unit and comprising signal processing parameters of the hearing aid to provide processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, a turn-taking determining unit configured to determine turn-taking behaviour of the hearing aid user, wherein the processing unit is configured to adjust said signal processing parameters based on the determined turn-taking behavior of the hearing aid user. 2. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid comprises a modulation filter configured to determine speaking rate of the hearing aid user. 3. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimator configured to determine SNR in the environment of the hearing aid user. 4. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a sound pressure level (SPL) estimator for measuring the level of sound at the input unit. 5. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid further comprises a timer configured to determine starting points in time of the turn taking determination. 6. Hearing aid according to claim 5, wherein the hearing aid is configured to initiate the turn-taking determination unit when the timer is determining a starting point. 7. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid comprises a memory unit configured to store reference signal processing parameters of the processing unit, and wherein the processing unit is configured to apply the reference signal processing parameters when the OVD has not determined own voice for a second time segment. 8. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid comprises an accelerometer and/or an ear canal microphone, and wherein the OVD is configured to determine own voice of the hearing aid user based on the accelerometer and/or an ear canal microphone. 9. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid comprises an inertial measurement unit. 10. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid is configured to transmit the determined turn-taking behaviour of the hearing aid user to a server device configured to adjust the reference signal processing parameters of the hearing aid based on the said turn-taking behaviour. 11. Hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein the hearing aid is configured to receive the adjusted reference signal processing parameters from the server device and store the adjusted reference signal processing parameters on the memory unit. 12. Hearing system comprising a first and a second hearing aid according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second hearing aid including an antenna and a transceiver circuitry for establishing a communication link to the other hearing aid, and thereby allowing the exchange of information between the two hearing aids. 13. Hearing system according to claim 12, wherein each of the first and second hearing aids is configured to communicate their determined turn-taking behaviour to the other hearing aid, and to determine a confidence level of the respective determined turn-taking behavior. 14. Hearing system according to claim 13, wherein, when the determined confidence level is above a confidence threshold, then the processing unit is configured to adjust the signal processing parameters. 15. Hearing system according to claim 12, further comprising IR sensors configured to monitor eye gaze of the hearing aid user. 16. Method comprising
receiving an input sound signal from an environment of a hearing aid user and providing at least one electric input signal representing said input sound signal, by an input unit, determining speech in the input sound signal, by a voice activity detector (VAD), determining own voice of the hearing aid user in the input sound signal, by an own voice detector (OVD), determining turn-taking behaviour of the hearing aid user, by a turn-taking determining unit, adjusting signal processing parameters based on the determined turn-taking behavior of the hearing aid user, providing processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, by a processing unit connected to said input unit and to an output unit and comprising said adjusted signal processing parameters of the hearing aid, providing at least one set of stimuli perceivable as sound to the hearing aid user based on the processed versions of said at least one electric input signal, by the output unit. 17. Hearing aid according to claim 2, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimator configured to determine SNR in the environment of the hearing aid user. 18. Hearing aid according to claim 3, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimator configured to determine SNR in the environment of the hearing aid user. 19. Hearing aid according to claim 2, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a sound pressure level (SPL) estimator for measuring the level of sound at the input unit. 20. Hearing aid according to claim 3, wherein the hearing aid further comprising a sound pressure level (SPL) estimator for measuring the level of sound at the input unit. | 2,800 |
346,442 | 16,804,888 | 2,847 | A system for robot teaching based on RGB-D images and a teach pendant, including an RGB-D camera, a host computer, a posture teach pendant, and an AR teaching system which includes an AR registration card, an AR module, a virtual robot model, a path planning unit and a posture teaching unit. The RGB-D camera collects RGB images and depth images of a physical working environment in real time. In the path planning unit, path points of a robot end effector are selected, and a 3D coordinates of the path points in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model are calculated; the posture teaching unit records the received posture data as the postures of a path point where the virtual robot model is located, so that the virtual robot model is driven to move according to the postures and positions of the path points, thereby completing the robot teaching. | 1. A system for robot teaching based on RGB-D images and a teach pendant, comprising:
a RGB-D camera, a host computer, a posture teach pendant, and an AR teaching system; wherein, the RGB-D camera and the posture teach pendant are communicated with the host computer; the RGB-D camera is set in a physical working environment, and the AR teaching system comprises an AR registration card located in the physical working environment, an AR module running in the host computer, a virtual robot model comprising a robot end effector, a path planning unit and a posture teaching unit; RGB images and depth images of the physical working environment are collected by the RGB-D camera in real time and are sent to the host computer; the AR module sets a position of a virtual camera in a virtual scene, and overlays the virtual robot model on the RGB images to complete AR registration; the path planning unit displays the RGB images and depth images, and a teaching programmer interactively selects path points of the robot end effector on the RGB images, thereby calculating a 3D coordinate of each of the path points of the robot end effector in a basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model based on a transformation between the depth images and the RGB images; the posture teach pendant is operated by the teaching programmer to generate posture data; the posture teaching unit receives the posture data of the posture teach pendant in real time when the host computer sequentially reads the 3D coordinates of the path points of the robot end effector in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model, and then the virtual robot model moves based on the 3D coordinates; during the movement, the received posture data is recorded as the posture data corresponding to a 3D coordinate of a path point where the virtual robot model is located, so that the virtual robot model moves in accordance with teaching postures and positions to complete the robot teaching. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein, the AR teaching system further comprises a virtual-real collision detection module running in the host computer; when the virtual robot model moves in accordance with the teaching postures and positions, the virtual-real collision detection module detects whether the virtual robot model interferes with the physical working environment; if yes, a prompt is issued, so that the teaching programmer controls the posture teach pendant to adjust the teaching postures and positions in time until the interference disappears;
after the robot teaching is completed, the path points are edited to form a path trajectory; based on the edited path trajectory, the host computer generates a program code based on an instruction format of a programming system of a physical robot, and transmits the program code to a controller of the physical robot, so as to control the physical robot to work in the physical working environment. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein, the posture teach pendant comprises a signal processing unit, an inertial measurement unit connected to the signal processing unit, an input switch button unit, a wireless communication unit, and an interface display unit; an inertial sensor built in the inertial measurement unit is used to measure the posture data of the posture teach pendant in a Cartesian coordinate system; the teaching programmer sets parameter information of the robot end effector through the input switch button unit, and the input switch button unit transmits the parameter information set by a button to the signal processing unit; the parameter information and posture data are processed by the signal processing unit and sent by the wireless communication unit to the host computer, and the host computer drives the virtual robot model after receiving the processed parameter information and posture data; and the interface display unit displays working states and working data of the posture teach pendant in real time. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein, the posture teaching unit receives the posture data and parameter information of the posture teach pendant in real time when the host computer sequentially reads the 3D coordinates of the path points in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model, and then the virtual robot model moves based on the 3D coordinates; during the movement, the received posture data and the parameter information are recorded as the posture data and the parameter information corresponding to 3D coordinates of the path point where the virtual robot model is located, so that the virtual robot model moves in accordance with the teaching postures and positions to complete the robot teaching. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein, the virtual robot model is established in the host computer; specifically, in the host computer, 3D models of the physical robot and the robot end effector which are the same as the physical robot are drawn to scale; and a forward kinematics model and an inverse kinematics model are established based on structures and parameters of the physical robot and the robot end effector, thereby establishing the virtual robot model. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein, after creating the virtual robot model and completing the AR registration, the host computer further performs the following steps:
(1) establishing coordinate systems and calibrating mapping relationships; (i) setting a coordinate system of the AR registration card as a world coordinate system of the virtual scene and a physical scene, and setting the coordinate system of the AR registration card as the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model; making a basic coordinate system of the physical robot coincide with the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model; (ii) in the path planning unit: establishing an RGB image pixel coordinate system, a depth image pixel coordinate system, an RGB camera coordinate system, and a depth camera coordinate system, and establishing mapping relationships among the RGB image pixel coordinate system, the depth image pixel coordinate system, the RGB camera coordinate system, and the depth camera coordinate systems; and (iii) in the posture teaching unit: obtaining a homogeneous transformation matrix MV N between the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model and the Cartesian coordinate system through calibrating or setting; where the basic coordinate system of the posture teach pendant is the Cartesian coordinate system; QV=MV N*Q, where Q is the homogeneous coordinate matrix of the posture teach pendant in the Cartesian coordinate system, and QV is the homogeneous coordinate matrix of the posture teach pendant in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model, converting the posture data of the posture teach pendant in the Cartesian coordinate system to the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein, the step of calculating the 3D coordinate of each of the path points of the robot end effector in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model based on the transformation between the depth images and the RGB images comprises:
after the teaching programmer selects the path points on the RGB images, calibrating a RGB image pixel coordinate (u, v) of each of the path points; calculating a transformation matrix H of the RGB image pixel coordinate system relative to the depth image pixel coordinate system through the calibration or factory parameters of the RGB-D camera, and calculating a depth image pixel coordinate (u, vd) of each of the path points corresponding to the RGB image pixel coordinate (u,v) based on the transformation matrix H, and reading out a corresponding depth value z; calibrating an internal parameter matrix M of the depth camera, and calculating a position (x, y, z) of each of the path points of the depth image pixel coordinate system in the depth camera coordinate system through the internal parameter matrix M; calibrating a transformation matrix MD R of the depth camera coordinate system to the RGB camera coordinate system, and recognizing the AR registration card in the RGB images through an AR registration algorithm, thereby calculating an RGB camera posture matrix MR A in the coordinate system of the AR registration card; converting the RGB image pixel coordinate (u, v) into the depth image pixel coordinate (ud, vd) through an equation 8. A method for robot teaching based on RGB-D images and a teach pendant using the system of claim 1, the method comprising:
(1) teaching path trajectory: collecting the RGB images and depth images of the physical working environment to the host computer in real time through the RGB-D camera located in the physical working environment, and displaying the RGB images and depth images in the host computer; reading out the path points of the robot end effector, and calculating the 3D coordinate of each of the path points of the robot end effector in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model based on the transformation between the depth images and the RGB images by the teaching programmer; and (2) teaching postures: connecting the posture teach pendant with the host computer in communication; operating the posture teach pendant by the teaching programmer to generate posture data, and sending the posture data to the host computer in real time; receiving, by the posture teaching unit, posture data of the posture teach pendant in real time when the host computer sequentially reads 3D coordinates of the path points in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model, so that the virtual robot model moves based on the 3D coordinates; during the movement, recording the received posture data as the posture data corresponding to the 3D coordinate of the path point where the virtual robot model is located; calculating rotation angles of joints of the virtual robot model using the inverse kinematics model of the physical robot based on positions and postures of the path points; driving movements of the joints of the virtual robot model in the AR environment, and simulating the positions and postures of the physical robot during operating, so as to complete the robot teaching. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, in the step 2, when the virtual robot model moves based on the teaching postures, a virtual-real collision detection module is used to detect whether the virtual robot model interferes with the physical working environment; if yes, a prompt is issued, so that the teaching programmer controls the posture teach pendant to adjust the teaching posture in time until the interference disappears; and
wherein the method further comprises: processing and AR simulating after teaching: after the robot teaching is completed, editing, by the host computer, the recorded teaching path trajectory and teaching postures, and calculating the rotation angles of the joints of the physical robot using the inverse kinematics model of the physical robot based on the edited data by the host computer, thereby driving the virtual robot model to move and simulating the working process of the physical robot in the AR registration environment. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein, in the step 1, the step of calculating the 3D coordinate of each of the path points of the robot end effector in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model based on the transformation between the depth images and the RGB images comprises:
after the teaching programmer selects the path points on the RGB images, calibrating the RGB image pixel coordinate (u, v) of each of the path points; calculating a transformation matrix H of the RGB image pixel coordinate system relative to the depth image pixel coordinate system through calibration or factory parameters of the RGB-D camera, and calculating the depth image pixel coordinate (ud, vd) of each of the path points corresponding to the RGB image pixel coordinate (u, v), and reading out the corresponding depth value z; calibrating an internal parameter matrix M of the depth camera, and calculating the position (x, y, z) of the path point of the depth image pixel coordinate system in the depth camera coordinate system through the internal parameter matrix M; calibrating a transformation matrix MD R of the depth camera coordinate system to the RGB camera coordinate system, and recognizing the AR registration card in the RGB images through an AR registration algorithm, thereby calculating an RGB camera posture matrix MR A in the coordinate system of the AR registration card; converting the RGB image pixel coordinate (u, v) into the depth image pixel coordinate (ud, vd) through an equation | A system for robot teaching based on RGB-D images and a teach pendant, including an RGB-D camera, a host computer, a posture teach pendant, and an AR teaching system which includes an AR registration card, an AR module, a virtual robot model, a path planning unit and a posture teaching unit. The RGB-D camera collects RGB images and depth images of a physical working environment in real time. In the path planning unit, path points of a robot end effector are selected, and a 3D coordinates of the path points in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model are calculated; the posture teaching unit records the received posture data as the postures of a path point where the virtual robot model is located, so that the virtual robot model is driven to move according to the postures and positions of the path points, thereby completing the robot teaching.1. A system for robot teaching based on RGB-D images and a teach pendant, comprising:
a RGB-D camera, a host computer, a posture teach pendant, and an AR teaching system; wherein, the RGB-D camera and the posture teach pendant are communicated with the host computer; the RGB-D camera is set in a physical working environment, and the AR teaching system comprises an AR registration card located in the physical working environment, an AR module running in the host computer, a virtual robot model comprising a robot end effector, a path planning unit and a posture teaching unit; RGB images and depth images of the physical working environment are collected by the RGB-D camera in real time and are sent to the host computer; the AR module sets a position of a virtual camera in a virtual scene, and overlays the virtual robot model on the RGB images to complete AR registration; the path planning unit displays the RGB images and depth images, and a teaching programmer interactively selects path points of the robot end effector on the RGB images, thereby calculating a 3D coordinate of each of the path points of the robot end effector in a basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model based on a transformation between the depth images and the RGB images; the posture teach pendant is operated by the teaching programmer to generate posture data; the posture teaching unit receives the posture data of the posture teach pendant in real time when the host computer sequentially reads the 3D coordinates of the path points of the robot end effector in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model, and then the virtual robot model moves based on the 3D coordinates; during the movement, the received posture data is recorded as the posture data corresponding to a 3D coordinate of a path point where the virtual robot model is located, so that the virtual robot model moves in accordance with teaching postures and positions to complete the robot teaching. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein, the AR teaching system further comprises a virtual-real collision detection module running in the host computer; when the virtual robot model moves in accordance with the teaching postures and positions, the virtual-real collision detection module detects whether the virtual robot model interferes with the physical working environment; if yes, a prompt is issued, so that the teaching programmer controls the posture teach pendant to adjust the teaching postures and positions in time until the interference disappears;
after the robot teaching is completed, the path points are edited to form a path trajectory; based on the edited path trajectory, the host computer generates a program code based on an instruction format of a programming system of a physical robot, and transmits the program code to a controller of the physical robot, so as to control the physical robot to work in the physical working environment. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein, the posture teach pendant comprises a signal processing unit, an inertial measurement unit connected to the signal processing unit, an input switch button unit, a wireless communication unit, and an interface display unit; an inertial sensor built in the inertial measurement unit is used to measure the posture data of the posture teach pendant in a Cartesian coordinate system; the teaching programmer sets parameter information of the robot end effector through the input switch button unit, and the input switch button unit transmits the parameter information set by a button to the signal processing unit; the parameter information and posture data are processed by the signal processing unit and sent by the wireless communication unit to the host computer, and the host computer drives the virtual robot model after receiving the processed parameter information and posture data; and the interface display unit displays working states and working data of the posture teach pendant in real time. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein, the posture teaching unit receives the posture data and parameter information of the posture teach pendant in real time when the host computer sequentially reads the 3D coordinates of the path points in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model, and then the virtual robot model moves based on the 3D coordinates; during the movement, the received posture data and the parameter information are recorded as the posture data and the parameter information corresponding to 3D coordinates of the path point where the virtual robot model is located, so that the virtual robot model moves in accordance with the teaching postures and positions to complete the robot teaching. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein, the virtual robot model is established in the host computer; specifically, in the host computer, 3D models of the physical robot and the robot end effector which are the same as the physical robot are drawn to scale; and a forward kinematics model and an inverse kinematics model are established based on structures and parameters of the physical robot and the robot end effector, thereby establishing the virtual robot model. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein, after creating the virtual robot model and completing the AR registration, the host computer further performs the following steps:
(1) establishing coordinate systems and calibrating mapping relationships; (i) setting a coordinate system of the AR registration card as a world coordinate system of the virtual scene and a physical scene, and setting the coordinate system of the AR registration card as the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model; making a basic coordinate system of the physical robot coincide with the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model; (ii) in the path planning unit: establishing an RGB image pixel coordinate system, a depth image pixel coordinate system, an RGB camera coordinate system, and a depth camera coordinate system, and establishing mapping relationships among the RGB image pixel coordinate system, the depth image pixel coordinate system, the RGB camera coordinate system, and the depth camera coordinate systems; and (iii) in the posture teaching unit: obtaining a homogeneous transformation matrix MV N between the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model and the Cartesian coordinate system through calibrating or setting; where the basic coordinate system of the posture teach pendant is the Cartesian coordinate system; QV=MV N*Q, where Q is the homogeneous coordinate matrix of the posture teach pendant in the Cartesian coordinate system, and QV is the homogeneous coordinate matrix of the posture teach pendant in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model, converting the posture data of the posture teach pendant in the Cartesian coordinate system to the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein, the step of calculating the 3D coordinate of each of the path points of the robot end effector in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model based on the transformation between the depth images and the RGB images comprises:
after the teaching programmer selects the path points on the RGB images, calibrating a RGB image pixel coordinate (u, v) of each of the path points; calculating a transformation matrix H of the RGB image pixel coordinate system relative to the depth image pixel coordinate system through the calibration or factory parameters of the RGB-D camera, and calculating a depth image pixel coordinate (u, vd) of each of the path points corresponding to the RGB image pixel coordinate (u,v) based on the transformation matrix H, and reading out a corresponding depth value z; calibrating an internal parameter matrix M of the depth camera, and calculating a position (x, y, z) of each of the path points of the depth image pixel coordinate system in the depth camera coordinate system through the internal parameter matrix M; calibrating a transformation matrix MD R of the depth camera coordinate system to the RGB camera coordinate system, and recognizing the AR registration card in the RGB images through an AR registration algorithm, thereby calculating an RGB camera posture matrix MR A in the coordinate system of the AR registration card; converting the RGB image pixel coordinate (u, v) into the depth image pixel coordinate (ud, vd) through an equation 8. A method for robot teaching based on RGB-D images and a teach pendant using the system of claim 1, the method comprising:
(1) teaching path trajectory: collecting the RGB images and depth images of the physical working environment to the host computer in real time through the RGB-D camera located in the physical working environment, and displaying the RGB images and depth images in the host computer; reading out the path points of the robot end effector, and calculating the 3D coordinate of each of the path points of the robot end effector in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model based on the transformation between the depth images and the RGB images by the teaching programmer; and (2) teaching postures: connecting the posture teach pendant with the host computer in communication; operating the posture teach pendant by the teaching programmer to generate posture data, and sending the posture data to the host computer in real time; receiving, by the posture teaching unit, posture data of the posture teach pendant in real time when the host computer sequentially reads 3D coordinates of the path points in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model, so that the virtual robot model moves based on the 3D coordinates; during the movement, recording the received posture data as the posture data corresponding to the 3D coordinate of the path point where the virtual robot model is located; calculating rotation angles of joints of the virtual robot model using the inverse kinematics model of the physical robot based on positions and postures of the path points; driving movements of the joints of the virtual robot model in the AR environment, and simulating the positions and postures of the physical robot during operating, so as to complete the robot teaching. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein, in the step 2, when the virtual robot model moves based on the teaching postures, a virtual-real collision detection module is used to detect whether the virtual robot model interferes with the physical working environment; if yes, a prompt is issued, so that the teaching programmer controls the posture teach pendant to adjust the teaching posture in time until the interference disappears; and
wherein the method further comprises: processing and AR simulating after teaching: after the robot teaching is completed, editing, by the host computer, the recorded teaching path trajectory and teaching postures, and calculating the rotation angles of the joints of the physical robot using the inverse kinematics model of the physical robot based on the edited data by the host computer, thereby driving the virtual robot model to move and simulating the working process of the physical robot in the AR registration environment. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein, in the step 1, the step of calculating the 3D coordinate of each of the path points of the robot end effector in the basic coordinate system of the virtual robot model based on the transformation between the depth images and the RGB images comprises:
after the teaching programmer selects the path points on the RGB images, calibrating the RGB image pixel coordinate (u, v) of each of the path points; calculating a transformation matrix H of the RGB image pixel coordinate system relative to the depth image pixel coordinate system through calibration or factory parameters of the RGB-D camera, and calculating the depth image pixel coordinate (ud, vd) of each of the path points corresponding to the RGB image pixel coordinate (u, v), and reading out the corresponding depth value z; calibrating an internal parameter matrix M of the depth camera, and calculating the position (x, y, z) of the path point of the depth image pixel coordinate system in the depth camera coordinate system through the internal parameter matrix M; calibrating a transformation matrix MD R of the depth camera coordinate system to the RGB camera coordinate system, and recognizing the AR registration card in the RGB images through an AR registration algorithm, thereby calculating an RGB camera posture matrix MR A in the coordinate system of the AR registration card; converting the RGB image pixel coordinate (u, v) into the depth image pixel coordinate (ud, vd) through an equation | 2,800 |
346,443 | 16,804,877 | 2,847 | An implantable medical device performs a method that includes detecting a cardiac event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval. In response to detecting the cardiac event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the device determines the amplitude of the sensed cardiac signal and withholds restarting a pacing interval in response to the amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria. A pacing pulse may be generated in response to the pacing interval expiring without sensing an intrinsic cardiac electrical event that is not detected as a P-wave oversensing event. | 1. An implantable medical device comprising:
a therapy delivery circuit configured to generate cardiac pacing pulses; a sensing circuit configured to receive a first cardiac signal from a patient's heart via sensing electrodes and sense intrinsic cardiac electrical events from the first cardiac signal; and a control circuit coupled to the sensing circuit and the therapy delivery circuit and configured to:
start a pacing interval;
detect an event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the event interval extending from an intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal by the sensing circuit to a most recent preceding cardiac event;
determine a first amplitude of the first cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval;
withhold restarting of the pacing interval in response to at least the first amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria; and
control the therapy delivery circuit to generate a pacing pulse in response to the pacing interval expiring. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein
the sensing circuit is configured to receive a second cardiac signal from the patient's heart; and the control circuit is configured to:
determine a second amplitude of the second cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold; and
determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the second amplitude by:
setting a post-sense blanking interval in response to the intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed by the sensing circuit from the first cardiac signal; and determining a maximum peak amplitude of the second cardiac signal occurring within the post-sense blanking interval. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by:
establishing a first reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; establishing a second reference amplitude from the second cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the first reference amplitude and that the second amplitude is within a threshold difference of the second reference amplitude. 5. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by determining that the first amplitude is less than the second amplitude. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by:
establishing a reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the reference amplitude. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to set the P-wave oversensing threshold interval based on the pacing interval. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to set the P-wave oversensing threshold interval greater than a tachyarrhythmia detection interval and less than the pacing interval. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising a housing enclosing the therapy delivery circuit, the sensing circuit and the control circuit and having a connector block for receiving an extra-cardiovascular lead carrying at least one sensing electrode for receiving the first cardiac signal. 10. The device of claim 2, further comprising a housing enclosing the therapy delivery circuit, the sensing circuit and the control circuit and having a connector block for receiving an extra-cardiovascular lead carrying a first sensing electrode pair for receiving the first cardiac signal, the sensing circuit configured to receive the second cardiac signal via a second sensing electrode pair comprising a sensing electrode carried by the extra-cardiovascular lead and the housing. 11. A method comprising:
sensing intrinsic cardiac electrical events from a first cardiac signal received by a sensing circuit of an implantable medical device via sensing electrodes from a patient's heart; starting a pacing interval by a control circuit of the implantable medical device; detecting by the control circuit an event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the event interval extending from an intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal by the sensing circuit to a most recent preceding cardiac event; determining a first amplitude of the first cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval; withholding restarting of the pacing interval in response to at least the first amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria; and generating a pacing pulse by a therapy delivery circuit of the implantable medical device in response to the pacing interval expiring. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a second cardiac signal from the patient's heart by the sensing circuit; determining a second amplitude of the second cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold; and determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the second amplitude comprises:
setting a post-sense blanking interval in response to the intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal; and determining a maximum peak amplitude of the second cardiac signal occurring within the post-sense blanking interval. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises:
establishing a first reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; establishing a second reference amplitude from the second cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the first reference amplitude and that the second amplitude is within a threshold difference of the second reference amplitude. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises determining that the first amplitude is less than the second amplitude. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises:
establishing a reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the reference amplitude. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising setting the P-wave oversensing threshold interval based on the pacing interval. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising setting the P-wave oversensing threshold interval greater than a tachyarrhythmia detection interval and less than the pacing interval. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving the first cardiac signal via at least one sensing electrode carried by an extra-cardiovascular lead. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving the first cardiac signal via a first sensing electrode pair carried by an extra-cardiovascular lead and receiving the second cardiac signal via a second sensing electrode pair comprising a sensing electrode carried by the extra-cardiovascular lead and a housing that encloses the sensing circuit, the therapy delivery circuit and the control circuit. | An implantable medical device performs a method that includes detecting a cardiac event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval. In response to detecting the cardiac event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the device determines the amplitude of the sensed cardiac signal and withholds restarting a pacing interval in response to the amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria. A pacing pulse may be generated in response to the pacing interval expiring without sensing an intrinsic cardiac electrical event that is not detected as a P-wave oversensing event.1. An implantable medical device comprising:
a therapy delivery circuit configured to generate cardiac pacing pulses; a sensing circuit configured to receive a first cardiac signal from a patient's heart via sensing electrodes and sense intrinsic cardiac electrical events from the first cardiac signal; and a control circuit coupled to the sensing circuit and the therapy delivery circuit and configured to:
start a pacing interval;
detect an event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the event interval extending from an intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal by the sensing circuit to a most recent preceding cardiac event;
determine a first amplitude of the first cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval;
withhold restarting of the pacing interval in response to at least the first amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria; and
control the therapy delivery circuit to generate a pacing pulse in response to the pacing interval expiring. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein
the sensing circuit is configured to receive a second cardiac signal from the patient's heart; and the control circuit is configured to:
determine a second amplitude of the second cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold; and
determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the second amplitude by:
setting a post-sense blanking interval in response to the intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed by the sensing circuit from the first cardiac signal; and determining a maximum peak amplitude of the second cardiac signal occurring within the post-sense blanking interval. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by:
establishing a first reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; establishing a second reference amplitude from the second cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the first reference amplitude and that the second amplitude is within a threshold difference of the second reference amplitude. 5. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by determining that the first amplitude is less than the second amplitude. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by:
establishing a reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the reference amplitude. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to set the P-wave oversensing threshold interval based on the pacing interval. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to set the P-wave oversensing threshold interval greater than a tachyarrhythmia detection interval and less than the pacing interval. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising a housing enclosing the therapy delivery circuit, the sensing circuit and the control circuit and having a connector block for receiving an extra-cardiovascular lead carrying at least one sensing electrode for receiving the first cardiac signal. 10. The device of claim 2, further comprising a housing enclosing the therapy delivery circuit, the sensing circuit and the control circuit and having a connector block for receiving an extra-cardiovascular lead carrying a first sensing electrode pair for receiving the first cardiac signal, the sensing circuit configured to receive the second cardiac signal via a second sensing electrode pair comprising a sensing electrode carried by the extra-cardiovascular lead and the housing. 11. A method comprising:
sensing intrinsic cardiac electrical events from a first cardiac signal received by a sensing circuit of an implantable medical device via sensing electrodes from a patient's heart; starting a pacing interval by a control circuit of the implantable medical device; detecting by the control circuit an event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the event interval extending from an intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal by the sensing circuit to a most recent preceding cardiac event; determining a first amplitude of the first cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval; withholding restarting of the pacing interval in response to at least the first amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria; and generating a pacing pulse by a therapy delivery circuit of the implantable medical device in response to the pacing interval expiring. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a second cardiac signal from the patient's heart by the sensing circuit; determining a second amplitude of the second cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold; and determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the second amplitude comprises:
setting a post-sense blanking interval in response to the intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal; and determining a maximum peak amplitude of the second cardiac signal occurring within the post-sense blanking interval. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises:
establishing a first reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; establishing a second reference amplitude from the second cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the first reference amplitude and that the second amplitude is within a threshold difference of the second reference amplitude. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises determining that the first amplitude is less than the second amplitude. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises:
establishing a reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the reference amplitude. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising setting the P-wave oversensing threshold interval based on the pacing interval. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising setting the P-wave oversensing threshold interval greater than a tachyarrhythmia detection interval and less than the pacing interval. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving the first cardiac signal via at least one sensing electrode carried by an extra-cardiovascular lead. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving the first cardiac signal via a first sensing electrode pair carried by an extra-cardiovascular lead and receiving the second cardiac signal via a second sensing electrode pair comprising a sensing electrode carried by the extra-cardiovascular lead and a housing that encloses the sensing circuit, the therapy delivery circuit and the control circuit. | 2,800 |
346,444 | 16,804,885 | 2,847 | An implantable medical device performs a method that includes detecting a cardiac event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval. In response to detecting the cardiac event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the device determines the amplitude of the sensed cardiac signal and withholds restarting a pacing interval in response to the amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria. A pacing pulse may be generated in response to the pacing interval expiring without sensing an intrinsic cardiac electrical event that is not detected as a P-wave oversensing event. | 1. An implantable medical device comprising:
a therapy delivery circuit configured to generate cardiac pacing pulses; a sensing circuit configured to receive a first cardiac signal from a patient's heart via sensing electrodes and sense intrinsic cardiac electrical events from the first cardiac signal; and a control circuit coupled to the sensing circuit and the therapy delivery circuit and configured to:
start a pacing interval;
detect an event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the event interval extending from an intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal by the sensing circuit to a most recent preceding cardiac event;
determine a first amplitude of the first cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval;
withhold restarting of the pacing interval in response to at least the first amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria; and
control the therapy delivery circuit to generate a pacing pulse in response to the pacing interval expiring. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein
the sensing circuit is configured to receive a second cardiac signal from the patient's heart; and the control circuit is configured to:
determine a second amplitude of the second cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold; and
determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the second amplitude by:
setting a post-sense blanking interval in response to the intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed by the sensing circuit from the first cardiac signal; and determining a maximum peak amplitude of the second cardiac signal occurring within the post-sense blanking interval. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by:
establishing a first reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; establishing a second reference amplitude from the second cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the first reference amplitude and that the second amplitude is within a threshold difference of the second reference amplitude. 5. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by determining that the first amplitude is less than the second amplitude. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by:
establishing a reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the reference amplitude. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to set the P-wave oversensing threshold interval based on the pacing interval. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to set the P-wave oversensing threshold interval greater than a tachyarrhythmia detection interval and less than the pacing interval. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising a housing enclosing the therapy delivery circuit, the sensing circuit and the control circuit and having a connector block for receiving an extra-cardiovascular lead carrying at least one sensing electrode for receiving the first cardiac signal. 10. The device of claim 2, further comprising a housing enclosing the therapy delivery circuit, the sensing circuit and the control circuit and having a connector block for receiving an extra-cardiovascular lead carrying a first sensing electrode pair for receiving the first cardiac signal, the sensing circuit configured to receive the second cardiac signal via a second sensing electrode pair comprising a sensing electrode carried by the extra-cardiovascular lead and the housing. 11. A method comprising:
sensing intrinsic cardiac electrical events from a first cardiac signal received by a sensing circuit of an implantable medical device via sensing electrodes from a patient's heart; starting a pacing interval by a control circuit of the implantable medical device; detecting by the control circuit an event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the event interval extending from an intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal by the sensing circuit to a most recent preceding cardiac event; determining a first amplitude of the first cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval; withholding restarting of the pacing interval in response to at least the first amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria; and generating a pacing pulse by a therapy delivery circuit of the implantable medical device in response to the pacing interval expiring. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a second cardiac signal from the patient's heart by the sensing circuit; determining a second amplitude of the second cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold; and determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the second amplitude comprises:
setting a post-sense blanking interval in response to the intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal; and determining a maximum peak amplitude of the second cardiac signal occurring within the post-sense blanking interval. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises:
establishing a first reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; establishing a second reference amplitude from the second cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the first reference amplitude and that the second amplitude is within a threshold difference of the second reference amplitude. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises determining that the first amplitude is less than the second amplitude. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises:
establishing a reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the reference amplitude. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising setting the P-wave oversensing threshold interval based on the pacing interval. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising setting the P-wave oversensing threshold interval greater than a tachyarrhythmia detection interval and less than the pacing interval. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving the first cardiac signal via at least one sensing electrode carried by an extra-cardiovascular lead. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving the first cardiac signal via a first sensing electrode pair carried by an extra-cardiovascular lead and receiving the second cardiac signal via a second sensing electrode pair comprising a sensing electrode carried by the extra-cardiovascular lead and a housing that encloses the sensing circuit, the therapy delivery circuit and the control circuit. | An implantable medical device performs a method that includes detecting a cardiac event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval. In response to detecting the cardiac event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the device determines the amplitude of the sensed cardiac signal and withholds restarting a pacing interval in response to the amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria. A pacing pulse may be generated in response to the pacing interval expiring without sensing an intrinsic cardiac electrical event that is not detected as a P-wave oversensing event.1. An implantable medical device comprising:
a therapy delivery circuit configured to generate cardiac pacing pulses; a sensing circuit configured to receive a first cardiac signal from a patient's heart via sensing electrodes and sense intrinsic cardiac electrical events from the first cardiac signal; and a control circuit coupled to the sensing circuit and the therapy delivery circuit and configured to:
start a pacing interval;
detect an event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the event interval extending from an intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal by the sensing circuit to a most recent preceding cardiac event;
determine a first amplitude of the first cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval;
withhold restarting of the pacing interval in response to at least the first amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria; and
control the therapy delivery circuit to generate a pacing pulse in response to the pacing interval expiring. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein
the sensing circuit is configured to receive a second cardiac signal from the patient's heart; and the control circuit is configured to:
determine a second amplitude of the second cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold; and
determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine the second amplitude by:
setting a post-sense blanking interval in response to the intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed by the sensing circuit from the first cardiac signal; and determining a maximum peak amplitude of the second cardiac signal occurring within the post-sense blanking interval. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by:
establishing a first reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; establishing a second reference amplitude from the second cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the first reference amplitude and that the second amplitude is within a threshold difference of the second reference amplitude. 5. The device of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by determining that the first amplitude is less than the second amplitude. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to determine that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met by:
establishing a reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the reference amplitude. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to set the P-wave oversensing threshold interval based on the pacing interval. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is configured to set the P-wave oversensing threshold interval greater than a tachyarrhythmia detection interval and less than the pacing interval. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising a housing enclosing the therapy delivery circuit, the sensing circuit and the control circuit and having a connector block for receiving an extra-cardiovascular lead carrying at least one sensing electrode for receiving the first cardiac signal. 10. The device of claim 2, further comprising a housing enclosing the therapy delivery circuit, the sensing circuit and the control circuit and having a connector block for receiving an extra-cardiovascular lead carrying a first sensing electrode pair for receiving the first cardiac signal, the sensing circuit configured to receive the second cardiac signal via a second sensing electrode pair comprising a sensing electrode carried by the extra-cardiovascular lead and the housing. 11. A method comprising:
sensing intrinsic cardiac electrical events from a first cardiac signal received by a sensing circuit of an implantable medical device via sensing electrodes from a patient's heart; starting a pacing interval by a control circuit of the implantable medical device; detecting by the control circuit an event interval that is greater than a P-wave oversensing threshold interval, the event interval extending from an intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal by the sensing circuit to a most recent preceding cardiac event; determining a first amplitude of the first cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold interval; withholding restarting of the pacing interval in response to at least the first amplitude satisfying P-wave oversensing criteria; and generating a pacing pulse by a therapy delivery circuit of the implantable medical device in response to the pacing interval expiring. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving a second cardiac signal from the patient's heart by the sensing circuit; determining a second amplitude of the second cardiac signal in response to detecting the event interval greater than the P-wave oversensing threshold; and determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met based on the first amplitude and the second amplitude. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the second amplitude comprises:
setting a post-sense blanking interval in response to the intrinsic cardiac electrical event sensed from the first cardiac signal; and determining a maximum peak amplitude of the second cardiac signal occurring within the post-sense blanking interval. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises:
establishing a first reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; establishing a second reference amplitude from the second cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the first reference amplitude and that the second amplitude is within a threshold difference of the second reference amplitude. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises determining that the first amplitude is less than the second amplitude. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein determining that the P-wave oversensing criteria are met comprises:
establishing a reference amplitude from the first cardiac signal; determining that the first amplitude is within a threshold difference of the reference amplitude. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising setting the P-wave oversensing threshold interval based on the pacing interval. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising setting the P-wave oversensing threshold interval greater than a tachyarrhythmia detection interval and less than the pacing interval. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving the first cardiac signal via at least one sensing electrode carried by an extra-cardiovascular lead. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising receiving the first cardiac signal via a first sensing electrode pair carried by an extra-cardiovascular lead and receiving the second cardiac signal via a second sensing electrode pair comprising a sensing electrode carried by the extra-cardiovascular lead and a housing that encloses the sensing circuit, the therapy delivery circuit and the control circuit. | 2,800 |
346,445 | 16,804,882 | 1,647 | Provided are methods for enhancing immunosuppression in the lung of a subject, In some embodiments, the methods include administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance immunosuppression in the lung of the subject. Also provided are methods for enhancing tolerance to lung transplants, enhancing recruitment of eosinophils to the lungs, modulating T cell-mediated immune responses in the lungs, and reducing TCR signal transduction in the lungs. | 1. A method for enhancing immunosuppression in the lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance immunosuppression in the lung of the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lung is a transplanted lung in the subject, optionally wherein the transplanted lung is allogeneic to the subject, and the immunosuppression is sufficient to reduce rejection of the transplanted lung in the subject. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated for administration by any one of intratracheal installation, insufflation, nebulization, dry powder inhalation, aerosol inhalation, and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the eosinophil recruiting agent is selected from the group consisting of an interleukin-5 (IL-5), an eotaxin, a platelet activating factor, an eicosanoid, or any combination thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the eosinophil recruiting agent comprises eotaxin-1 and/or eotaxin-2, and optionally further comprises IL-5. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering to the subject at least one additional immunosuppressive agent. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one additional immunosuppressive agent is selected from the group consisting of methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, cyclosporin A, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine (sulphasalazopyrine), a gold salt, D-penicillamine, leflunomide, azathioprine, anakinra, infliximab (REMICADE), etanercept, a TNFα blocker, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), or any combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the NSAID is selected from the group consisting of acetyl salicylic acid, choline magnesium salicylate, diflunisal, magnesium salicylate, salsalate, sodium salicylate, diclofenac, etodolac, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, meclofenamate, naproxen, nabumetone, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulindac, tolmetin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitor, tramadol, rapamycin (sirolimus), an analog thereof, or any combination thereof. 9. A method for enhancing tolerance to a lung transplant in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance tolerance to the lung transplant in the subject. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one eosinophil recruiting agent is administered to the subject in one or more doses concurrently with and/or subsequent to the lung transplant being introduced into the subject. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the lung transplant is allogenic to the subject. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the subject is an otherwise non-immunosuppressed subject. 13. A method for enhancing recruitment of eosinophils to a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the lung is a transplanted lung. 15. A method for modulating a T cell-mediated immune response in a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby modulate the T cell-mediated immune response in the lung of the subject. 16. A method for reducing T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction in a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby reduce TCR signal transduction in the lung of the subject. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the administering inhibits proliferation of CD8+ T cells in the lung of the subject. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the administering enhances expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene product in the lung of the subject to thereby reduce TCR signal transduction in the lung of the subject. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the expression of the iNOS gene product is enhanced in an eosinophil present in the lung of the subject, optionally a Th1-polarized eosinophil present in the lung of the subject. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. | Provided are methods for enhancing immunosuppression in the lung of a subject, In some embodiments, the methods include administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance immunosuppression in the lung of the subject. Also provided are methods for enhancing tolerance to lung transplants, enhancing recruitment of eosinophils to the lungs, modulating T cell-mediated immune responses in the lungs, and reducing TCR signal transduction in the lungs.1. A method for enhancing immunosuppression in the lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance immunosuppression in the lung of the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lung is a transplanted lung in the subject, optionally wherein the transplanted lung is allogeneic to the subject, and the immunosuppression is sufficient to reduce rejection of the transplanted lung in the subject. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated for administration by any one of intratracheal installation, insufflation, nebulization, dry powder inhalation, aerosol inhalation, and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the eosinophil recruiting agent is selected from the group consisting of an interleukin-5 (IL-5), an eotaxin, a platelet activating factor, an eicosanoid, or any combination thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the eosinophil recruiting agent comprises eotaxin-1 and/or eotaxin-2, and optionally further comprises IL-5. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering to the subject at least one additional immunosuppressive agent. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one additional immunosuppressive agent is selected from the group consisting of methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, cyclosporin A, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine (sulphasalazopyrine), a gold salt, D-penicillamine, leflunomide, azathioprine, anakinra, infliximab (REMICADE), etanercept, a TNFα blocker, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), or any combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the NSAID is selected from the group consisting of acetyl salicylic acid, choline magnesium salicylate, diflunisal, magnesium salicylate, salsalate, sodium salicylate, diclofenac, etodolac, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, meclofenamate, naproxen, nabumetone, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulindac, tolmetin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitor, tramadol, rapamycin (sirolimus), an analog thereof, or any combination thereof. 9. A method for enhancing tolerance to a lung transplant in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance tolerance to the lung transplant in the subject. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one eosinophil recruiting agent is administered to the subject in one or more doses concurrently with and/or subsequent to the lung transplant being introduced into the subject. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the lung transplant is allogenic to the subject. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the subject is an otherwise non-immunosuppressed subject. 13. A method for enhancing recruitment of eosinophils to a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the lung is a transplanted lung. 15. A method for modulating a T cell-mediated immune response in a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby modulate the T cell-mediated immune response in the lung of the subject. 16. A method for reducing T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction in a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby reduce TCR signal transduction in the lung of the subject. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the administering inhibits proliferation of CD8+ T cells in the lung of the subject. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the administering enhances expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene product in the lung of the subject to thereby reduce TCR signal transduction in the lung of the subject. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the expression of the iNOS gene product is enhanced in an eosinophil present in the lung of the subject, optionally a Th1-polarized eosinophil present in the lung of the subject. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. | 1,600 |
346,446 | 16,804,911 | 1,647 | Provided are methods for enhancing immunosuppression in the lung of a subject, In some embodiments, the methods include administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance immunosuppression in the lung of the subject. Also provided are methods for enhancing tolerance to lung transplants, enhancing recruitment of eosinophils to the lungs, modulating T cell-mediated immune responses in the lungs, and reducing TCR signal transduction in the lungs. | 1. A method for enhancing immunosuppression in the lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance immunosuppression in the lung of the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lung is a transplanted lung in the subject, optionally wherein the transplanted lung is allogeneic to the subject, and the immunosuppression is sufficient to reduce rejection of the transplanted lung in the subject. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated for administration by any one of intratracheal installation, insufflation, nebulization, dry powder inhalation, aerosol inhalation, and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the eosinophil recruiting agent is selected from the group consisting of an interleukin-5 (IL-5), an eotaxin, a platelet activating factor, an eicosanoid, or any combination thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the eosinophil recruiting agent comprises eotaxin-1 and/or eotaxin-2, and optionally further comprises IL-5. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering to the subject at least one additional immunosuppressive agent. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one additional immunosuppressive agent is selected from the group consisting of methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, cyclosporin A, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine (sulphasalazopyrine), a gold salt, D-penicillamine, leflunomide, azathioprine, anakinra, infliximab (REMICADE), etanercept, a TNFα blocker, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), or any combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the NSAID is selected from the group consisting of acetyl salicylic acid, choline magnesium salicylate, diflunisal, magnesium salicylate, salsalate, sodium salicylate, diclofenac, etodolac, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, meclofenamate, naproxen, nabumetone, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulindac, tolmetin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitor, tramadol, rapamycin (sirolimus), an analog thereof, or any combination thereof. 9. A method for enhancing tolerance to a lung transplant in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance tolerance to the lung transplant in the subject. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one eosinophil recruiting agent is administered to the subject in one or more doses concurrently with and/or subsequent to the lung transplant being introduced into the subject. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the lung transplant is allogenic to the subject. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the subject is an otherwise non-immunosuppressed subject. 13. A method for enhancing recruitment of eosinophils to a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the lung is a transplanted lung. 15. A method for modulating a T cell-mediated immune response in a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby modulate the T cell-mediated immune response in the lung of the subject. 16. A method for reducing T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction in a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby reduce TCR signal transduction in the lung of the subject. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the administering inhibits proliferation of CD8+ T cells in the lung of the subject. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the administering enhances expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene product in the lung of the subject to thereby reduce TCR signal transduction in the lung of the subject. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the expression of the iNOS gene product is enhanced in an eosinophil present in the lung of the subject, optionally a Th1-polarized eosinophil present in the lung of the subject. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. | Provided are methods for enhancing immunosuppression in the lung of a subject, In some embodiments, the methods include administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance immunosuppression in the lung of the subject. Also provided are methods for enhancing tolerance to lung transplants, enhancing recruitment of eosinophils to the lungs, modulating T cell-mediated immune responses in the lungs, and reducing TCR signal transduction in the lungs.1. A method for enhancing immunosuppression in the lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance immunosuppression in the lung of the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lung is a transplanted lung in the subject, optionally wherein the transplanted lung is allogeneic to the subject, and the immunosuppression is sufficient to reduce rejection of the transplanted lung in the subject. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated for administration by any one of intratracheal installation, insufflation, nebulization, dry powder inhalation, aerosol inhalation, and combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the eosinophil recruiting agent is selected from the group consisting of an interleukin-5 (IL-5), an eotaxin, a platelet activating factor, an eicosanoid, or any combination thereof. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the eosinophil recruiting agent comprises eotaxin-1 and/or eotaxin-2, and optionally further comprises IL-5. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering to the subject at least one additional immunosuppressive agent. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the at least one additional immunosuppressive agent is selected from the group consisting of methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, cyclosporin A, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine (sulphasalazopyrine), a gold salt, D-penicillamine, leflunomide, azathioprine, anakinra, infliximab (REMICADE), etanercept, a TNFα blocker, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), or any combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the NSAID is selected from the group consisting of acetyl salicylic acid, choline magnesium salicylate, diflunisal, magnesium salicylate, salsalate, sodium salicylate, diclofenac, etodolac, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, meclofenamate, naproxen, nabumetone, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulindac, tolmetin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitor, tramadol, rapamycin (sirolimus), an analog thereof, or any combination thereof. 9. A method for enhancing tolerance to a lung transplant in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering is in an amount and via a route of administration sufficient to induce recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby enhance tolerance to the lung transplant in the subject. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one eosinophil recruiting agent is administered to the subject in one or more doses concurrently with and/or subsequent to the lung transplant being introduced into the subject. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the lung transplant is allogenic to the subject. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the subject is an otherwise non-immunosuppressed subject. 13. A method for enhancing recruitment of eosinophils to a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the lung is a transplanted lung. 15. A method for modulating a T cell-mediated immune response in a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby modulate the T cell-mediated immune response in the lung of the subject. 16. A method for reducing T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction in a lung of a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising at least one eosinophil recruiting agent, wherein the administering enhances recruitment of eosinophils to the lung of the subject to thereby reduce TCR signal transduction in the lung of the subject. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the administering inhibits proliferation of CD8+ T cells in the lung of the subject. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the administering enhances expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene product in the lung of the subject to thereby reduce TCR signal transduction in the lung of the subject. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the expression of the iNOS gene product is enhanced in an eosinophil present in the lung of the subject, optionally a Th1-polarized eosinophil present in the lung of the subject. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a human. | 1,600 |
346,447 | 16,804,892 | 1,647 | One example method includes contacting, by a client, a service, receiving a credential from the service, obtaining trust information from a trust broker, comparing the credential with the trust information, and either connecting to the service if the credential and trust information match, or declining to connect to the service if the credential and the trust information do not match. Other than by way of the trust information obtained from the trust broker, the client may have no way to verify whether or not the service can be trusted. | 1. A method, comprising:
contacting, by a client, a service; receiving a credential from the service; obtaining trust information from a trust broker; comparing the credential with the trust information; and either:
connecting to the service if the credential and trust information match; or
declining to connect to the service if the credential and the trust information do not match. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein other than by way of the trust information obtained from the trust broker, the client has no way to verify whether or not the service can be trusted. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the credential is a certificate that includes a unique identifier of the service. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the trust information comprises a unique identifier of the service. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the trust broker is an edge service running in a cloud environment that also hosts the service. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the trust broker is an element of a virtual private network and is not accessible by clients outside the virtual private network. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the trust information is obtained by the trust broker from an infrastructure manager of a cloud environment in which the service runs. 8. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein the trust information is obtained by the infrastructure manager from a hypervisor that manages operation of the service. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the trust information is obtained by the client by way of a plurality of connections, and all of the connections are trusted connections. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the service runs on a virtual machine in a cloud environment. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
contacting, by a client, a service; receiving a credential from the service; obtaining trust information from a trust broker; comparing the credential with the trust information; and either:
connecting to the service if the credential and trust information match; or
declining to connect to the service if the credential and the trust information do not match. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein other than by way of the trust information obtained from the trust broker, the client has no way to verify whether or not the service can be trusted. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the credential is a certificate that includes a unique identifier of the service. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the trust information comprises a unique identifier of the service. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the trust broker is an edge service running in a cloud environment that also hosts the service. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the trust broker is an element of a virtual private network and is not accessible by clients outside the virtual private network. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the trust information is obtained by the trust broker from an infrastructure manager of a cloud environment in which the service runs. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 17, wherein the trust information is obtained by the infrastructure manager from a hypervisor that manages operation of the service. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the trust information is obtained by the client by way of a plurality of connections, and all of the connections are trusted connections. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the service runs on a virtual machine in a cloud environment. | One example method includes contacting, by a client, a service, receiving a credential from the service, obtaining trust information from a trust broker, comparing the credential with the trust information, and either connecting to the service if the credential and trust information match, or declining to connect to the service if the credential and the trust information do not match. Other than by way of the trust information obtained from the trust broker, the client may have no way to verify whether or not the service can be trusted.1. A method, comprising:
contacting, by a client, a service; receiving a credential from the service; obtaining trust information from a trust broker; comparing the credential with the trust information; and either:
connecting to the service if the credential and trust information match; or
declining to connect to the service if the credential and the trust information do not match. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein other than by way of the trust information obtained from the trust broker, the client has no way to verify whether or not the service can be trusted. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the credential is a certificate that includes a unique identifier of the service. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the trust information comprises a unique identifier of the service. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the trust broker is an edge service running in a cloud environment that also hosts the service. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the trust broker is an element of a virtual private network and is not accessible by clients outside the virtual private network. 7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the trust information is obtained by the trust broker from an infrastructure manager of a cloud environment in which the service runs. 8. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein the trust information is obtained by the infrastructure manager from a hypervisor that manages operation of the service. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the trust information is obtained by the client by way of a plurality of connections, and all of the connections are trusted connections. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the service runs on a virtual machine in a cloud environment. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
contacting, by a client, a service; receiving a credential from the service; obtaining trust information from a trust broker; comparing the credential with the trust information; and either:
connecting to the service if the credential and trust information match; or
declining to connect to the service if the credential and the trust information do not match. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein other than by way of the trust information obtained from the trust broker, the client has no way to verify whether or not the service can be trusted. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the credential is a certificate that includes a unique identifier of the service. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the trust information comprises a unique identifier of the service. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the trust broker is an edge service running in a cloud environment that also hosts the service. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the trust broker is an element of a virtual private network and is not accessible by clients outside the virtual private network. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the trust information is obtained by the trust broker from an infrastructure manager of a cloud environment in which the service runs. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 17, wherein the trust information is obtained by the infrastructure manager from a hypervisor that manages operation of the service. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the trust information is obtained by the client by way of a plurality of connections, and all of the connections are trusted connections. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the service runs on a virtual machine in a cloud environment. | 1,600 |
346,448 | 16,804,895 | 1,647 | Techniques for implementing and/or operating an apparatus, which includes a host system, a memory system, and a shared memory bus. The memory system includes a first memory type that is subject to a first memory type-specific timing constraint and a second memory type that is subject to a second memory type-specific timing constraint. Additionally, the shared memory bus is shared by the first memory type and the second memory type. Furthermore, the apparatus utilizes a first time period to communicate with the first memory type via the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing the first memory type-specific timing constraint during the first time period and utilizes a second time period to communicate with the second memory type via the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing the second memory type-specific timing constraint during the second time period. | 1. An apparatus comprising:
a host system, wherein the host system comprises processing circuitry configured to perform a data processing operation; a memory system comprising a first memory type that is subject to a first memory type-specific timing constraint and a second memory type different from the first memory type that is subject to a second memory type-specific timing constraint different from the first memory type-specific timing constraint; and a shared memory bus coupled between the host system and the memory system, wherein:
the shared memory bus is shared by the first memory type that is subject to the first memory type-specific timing constraint and the second memory type that is subject to the second memory type-specific timing constraint; and
the host system is configured to:
utilize a first time period to directly communicate with the first memory type using a memory bus clock signal frequency via the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing the first memory type-specific timing constraint during the first time period to facilitate eliminating likelihood of a conflict occurring at the shared memory bus during the first time period; and
utilize a second time period different from the first time period to directly communicate with the second memory type using the memory bus clock signal frequency via the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing the second memory type-specific timing constraint during the second time period to facilitate eliminating likelihood of a conflict occurring at the shared memory bus during the second time period. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the host system is configured to:
not enforce the second memory type-specific timing constraint associated with the second memory type during the first time period used to directly communicate with the first memory type via the shared memory bus; and not enforce the first memory type-specific timing constraint associated with the first memory type during the second time period used to directly communicate with the second memory type via the shared memory bus. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the memory system comprises:
a first one or more memory devices of the first memory type, wherein each of the first one or more memory devices is configured to operate in accordance with a first memory device clock signal; and
a second one or more memory devices of the second memory type, wherein each of the second one or more memory devices is configured to operate in accordance with a second memory device clock signal different from the first memory device clock signal used by the first one or more memory devices; and
wherein the host system is configured to communicate via the shared memory bus in accordance with a memory bus clock signal that differs from the first memory device clock signal used by the first one or more memory devices, the second memory device clock signal used by the second one or more memory devices, or both. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein:
the first one or more memory devices comprise one or more volatile memory devices; and the second one or more memory devices comprise one or more non-volatile memory devices. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein:
the first one or more memory devices comprise one or more dynamic random-access memory devices; and the second one or more memory devices comprise one or more static random-access memory devices. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the host system is configured to:
communicate via the shared memory bus in accordance with the memory bus clock signal; selectively operate in a performance mode that sets the memory bus clock signal frequency higher than a first memory device clock frequency used by each memory device of the first memory type and a second memory device clock frequency used by each memory device of the second memory type when a target memory access latency of the memory system is below a latency threshold, a target power consumption of the apparatus is not below a power consumption threshold, or both; and selectively operate in an efficiency mode that sets the memory bus clock signal frequency lower than the memory bus clock frequency used by the performance mode when the target memory access latency of the memory system is not below the latency threshold, the target power consumption of the apparatus is below the power consumption threshold, or both. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, when a target memory access latency of the memory system is not below a latency threshold, a target power consumption of the apparatus is below a power consumption threshold, or both, the host system is configured to:
enforce a first memory type change timing constraint between the first time period and the second time period immediately before communication via the shared memory bus is expected to change from communication with the first memory type during the first time period to subsequently communicating with the second memory type during the second time period; and enforce a second memory type change timing constraint different from the first memory type change timing constraint between the second time period and the first time period immediately before communication via the shared memory bus is expected to change from communication with the second memory type during the second time period to subsequently communicating with the first memory type during the first time period. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein:
the first memory type change timing constraint is set to match a first duration of a first longest command-to-fulfillment timing constraint associated with the first memory type; and the second memory type change timing constraint is set to match a second duration of a second longest command-to-fulfillment timing constraint associated with the second memory type. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, when a target memory access latency of the memory system is below a latency threshold, a target power consumption of the apparatus is not below a power consumption threshold, or both, the host system is configured to:
specifically allocate communication with the first memory type via the shared memory bus to the first time period during each communication cycle of the shared memory bus; and specifically allocate communication with the second memory type via the shared memory bus to the second time period during each communication cycle of the shared memory bus. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the host system is configured to communicate via the shared memory bus in accordance with a memory bus clock signal; each memory device of the first memory type is configured to operate in accordance with a first memory device clock signal different from the memory bus clock signal; each memory device of the second memory type is configured to operate in accordance with a second memory device clock signal different from the first memory device clock signal and the memory bus clock signal; a first duration of the first time period during each communication cycle of the shared memory bus specifically allocated to communication with the first memory type is set based at least in part on a first ratio of the memory bus clock signal frequency to a first frequency of the first memory device clock signal; and a second duration of the second time period during each communication cycle of the shared memory bus specifically allocated to communication with the second memory type is set based at least in part on a second ratio of the memory bus clock signal frequency to a second frequency of the second memory device clock signal. 11. A method comprising:
determining a set of one or more target operating characteristics of a computing system, wherein the set of one or more target operating characteristics comprises a target power consumption of the computing system or a target memory access latency of a memory sub-system deployed in the computing system, or both; and receiving, by the memory sub-system, command/address signals, data signals, or both, directly from a host sub-system via a shared memory bus shared by memory devices of multiple different memory types implemented in the memory sub-system and the host sub-system of the computing system using different operating modes based at least in part on the set of one or more target operating characteristics, wherein receiving, by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, comprises:
receiving, by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using a performance mode at a target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode higher than a clock frequency used by each of the multiple different memory types when the target power consumption of the computing system is equal to or above a first threshold or the target memory access latency of the memory sub-system is below a second threshold, or both, wherein the target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode is based on one or more operating parameters of the performance mode; and
receiving by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using an efficiency mode at a target memory bus clock frequency of the efficiency mode lower than the target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode when the target power consumption of the computing system is below the first threshold or the target memory access latency of the memory sub-system is equal to or above the second threshold, or both, wherein the target memory bus clock frequency of the efficiency mode is based on one or more operating parameters of the efficiency mode. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using the performance mode comprises:
specifically allocating a first portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus to communication with a first memory type implemented in the memory sub-system; instructing the memory sub-system to enable communication with a first one or more memory devices of the first memory type during the first portion of each communication cycle at least in part by enforcing a first one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the first memory type during the first portion of each communication cycle; specifically allocating a second portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus different from the first portion to communication with a second memory type implemented in the memory sub-system; and instructing the memory sub-system to enable communication with a second one or more memory devices of the second memory type during the second portion of each communication cycle at least in part by enforcing a second one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the second memory type during the second portion of each communication cycle. 13. The method of claim 12, comprising calibrating the one or more operating parameters of the performance mode before receiving by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using the performance mode at least in part by:
determining a target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle based at least in part on a least common multiple of a first clock cycle duration of a first memory device clock signal used by each of the first one or more memory devices of the first memory type and a second clock cycle duration of a second memory device clock signal used by each of the second one or more memory devices of the second memory type; determining a target bandwidth of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle based at least in part on a first maximum communication bandwidth sustainable by the first memory type over a time period that matches the target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle and a second maximum communication bandwidth sustainable by the second memory type over the time period that matches the target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle; and determining the target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode at least in part by dividing the target bandwidth of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle by a bit width of the shared memory bus and the target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein calibrating the one or more operating parameters of the performance mode comprises:
setting a first performance mode clock frequency conversion factor associated with the first memory type based at least in part on a first ratio of the target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode to a first frequency of the first memory device clock signal used by each of the first one or more memory devices of the first memory type; and setting a second performance mode clock frequency conversion factor associated with the second memory type based at least in part on a second ratio of the target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode to a second frequency of the second memory device clock signal used by each of the second one or more memory devices of the second memory type. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein:
specifically allocating the first portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus to communication with the first memory type comprises setting a first target duration of the first portion such that a ratio of the first target duration of the first portion to the target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle matches a ratio of a first frequency of the first memory device clock signal used by each of the first one or more memory devices of the first memory type to the target performance mode memory bus clock frequency; and specifically allocating the second portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus to communication with the second memory type comprises setting a second target duration of the second portion such that a ratio of the second target duration of the second portion to the target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle matches a ratio of a second frequency of the second memory device clock signal used by each of the second one or more memory devices of the second memory type to the target performance mode memory bus clock frequency. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using the efficiency mode comprises:
instructing the memory sub-system to enable communication with a first one or more memory devices of a first memory type implemented in the memory sub-system during a first communication cycle of the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing a first one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the first memory type during the first communication cycle of the shared memory bus; instructing the memory sub-system to enable communication with a second one or more memory devices of a second memory type implemented in the memory sub-system during a second communication cycle of the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing a second one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the second memory type during the second communication cycle of the shared memory bus; and instructing the memory sub-system to enforce a first memory type change timing constraint associated with the first memory type between the first communication cycle of the shared memory bus and the second communication cycle of the shared memory bus. 17. The method of claim 16, comprising calibrating the one or more operating parameters of the efficiency mode before receiving by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using the efficiency mode at least in part by:
setting a target efficiency mode memory bus clock frequency to match a first frequency of a first memory device clock signal used by each of a first one or more memory devices of a first memory type implemented in the memory sub-system, wherein the first frequency of the first memory device clock signal differs from a second frequency of a second memory device clock signal used by each of a second one or more memory device of a second memory type implemented in the memory sub-system; setting a first duration of the first memory type change timing constraint associated with the first memory type to match a first longest command-to-fulfillment timing constraint associated with the first memory type; and setting a second duration of a second memory type change timing constraint associated with the second memory type to match a second longest command-to-fulfillment timing constraint associated with the second memory type. 18. A memory system comprising:
a first memory device of a first memory type, wherein the first memory device is configured to operate in accordance with a first memory device clock signal subject to at least a first memory type-specific timing constraint associated with the first memory type; a second memory device of a second memory type different from the first memory type, wherein the second memory device is configured operate in accordance with a second memory device clock signal different from the first memory device clock signal subject to at least a second memory type-specific timing constraint associated with the second memory type; and a first portion of a memory-side bus interface communicatively coupled to the first memory device of the first memory type and a second portion of the memory-side bus interface communicatively coupled to the second memory device of the second memory type via a shared memory bus that is configured to enable direct communication by the first memory device of the first memory type and the second memory device of the second memory type with a host system, wherein communication via the shared memory bus is governed by a memory bus clock signal that differs from the first memory device clock signal used by the first memory device, wherein the first portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to facilitate direct communication between the host system and the memory system via the shared memory bus at least in part by converting a first digital signal between a first frequency of the first memory device clock signal used by the first memory device and a target frequency of the memory bus clock signal. 19. The memory system of claim 18, wherein:
the memory bus clock signal that governs communication via the shared memory bus differs from the second memory device clock signal used by the second memory device when a target memory access latency of the memory system is less than a latency threshold, a target power consumption is greater than or equal to a power consumption threshold, or both; and the second portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to facilitate communication between the host system and the memory system at least in part by converting a second digital signal between a second frequency of the second memory device clock signal used by the second memory device and the target frequency of the memory bus clock signal. 20. The memory system of claim 18, wherein the target frequency of the memory bus clock signal that governs communication via the shared memory bus is set to match a second frequency of the second memory device clock signal used by the second memory device when a target memory access latency of the memory system is greater than or equal to a latency threshold, a target power consumption is less than a power consumption threshold, or both. 21. The memory system of claim 18, wherein, when a target memory access latency of the memory system is less than a latency threshold, a target power consumption is greater than or equal to a power consumption threshold, or both:
the first portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to enable communication with a first one or more memory devices of the first memory type during a first portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing a first one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the first memory type during the first portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus; and the second portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to enable communication with a second one or more memory devices of the second memory type during a second portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing a second one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the second memory type during the second portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus. 22. The memory system of claim 18, wherein, when a target memory access latency of the memory system is greater than or equal to a latency threshold, a target power consumption is less than a power consumption threshold, or both:
the first portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to enable communication with a first one or more memory devices of the first memory type during a first communication cycle of the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing a first one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the first memory type during the first communication cycle of the shared memory bus; and the second portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to enable communication with a second one or more memory devices of the second memory type during a second communication cycle of the shared memory bus different from the first communication cycle at least in part by enforcing a second one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the second memory type during the second communication cycle of the shared memory bus. 23. The memory system of claim 18, wherein the first portion of the memory-side bus interface, the second portion of the memory-side bus interface, or both, are configured to facilitate communication between the host system and the memory system at least in part by:
extending duration of the first digital signal before supply to the first memory device when the first digital signal is received from the shared memory bus; and contracting duration of the first digital signal before supply to the shared memory bus when the first digital signal is received from the first memory device. | Techniques for implementing and/or operating an apparatus, which includes a host system, a memory system, and a shared memory bus. The memory system includes a first memory type that is subject to a first memory type-specific timing constraint and a second memory type that is subject to a second memory type-specific timing constraint. Additionally, the shared memory bus is shared by the first memory type and the second memory type. Furthermore, the apparatus utilizes a first time period to communicate with the first memory type via the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing the first memory type-specific timing constraint during the first time period and utilizes a second time period to communicate with the second memory type via the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing the second memory type-specific timing constraint during the second time period.1. An apparatus comprising:
a host system, wherein the host system comprises processing circuitry configured to perform a data processing operation; a memory system comprising a first memory type that is subject to a first memory type-specific timing constraint and a second memory type different from the first memory type that is subject to a second memory type-specific timing constraint different from the first memory type-specific timing constraint; and a shared memory bus coupled between the host system and the memory system, wherein:
the shared memory bus is shared by the first memory type that is subject to the first memory type-specific timing constraint and the second memory type that is subject to the second memory type-specific timing constraint; and
the host system is configured to:
utilize a first time period to directly communicate with the first memory type using a memory bus clock signal frequency via the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing the first memory type-specific timing constraint during the first time period to facilitate eliminating likelihood of a conflict occurring at the shared memory bus during the first time period; and
utilize a second time period different from the first time period to directly communicate with the second memory type using the memory bus clock signal frequency via the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing the second memory type-specific timing constraint during the second time period to facilitate eliminating likelihood of a conflict occurring at the shared memory bus during the second time period. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the host system is configured to:
not enforce the second memory type-specific timing constraint associated with the second memory type during the first time period used to directly communicate with the first memory type via the shared memory bus; and not enforce the first memory type-specific timing constraint associated with the first memory type during the second time period used to directly communicate with the second memory type via the shared memory bus. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the memory system comprises:
a first one or more memory devices of the first memory type, wherein each of the first one or more memory devices is configured to operate in accordance with a first memory device clock signal; and
a second one or more memory devices of the second memory type, wherein each of the second one or more memory devices is configured to operate in accordance with a second memory device clock signal different from the first memory device clock signal used by the first one or more memory devices; and
wherein the host system is configured to communicate via the shared memory bus in accordance with a memory bus clock signal that differs from the first memory device clock signal used by the first one or more memory devices, the second memory device clock signal used by the second one or more memory devices, or both. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein:
the first one or more memory devices comprise one or more volatile memory devices; and the second one or more memory devices comprise one or more non-volatile memory devices. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein:
the first one or more memory devices comprise one or more dynamic random-access memory devices; and the second one or more memory devices comprise one or more static random-access memory devices. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the host system is configured to:
communicate via the shared memory bus in accordance with the memory bus clock signal; selectively operate in a performance mode that sets the memory bus clock signal frequency higher than a first memory device clock frequency used by each memory device of the first memory type and a second memory device clock frequency used by each memory device of the second memory type when a target memory access latency of the memory system is below a latency threshold, a target power consumption of the apparatus is not below a power consumption threshold, or both; and selectively operate in an efficiency mode that sets the memory bus clock signal frequency lower than the memory bus clock frequency used by the performance mode when the target memory access latency of the memory system is not below the latency threshold, the target power consumption of the apparatus is below the power consumption threshold, or both. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, when a target memory access latency of the memory system is not below a latency threshold, a target power consumption of the apparatus is below a power consumption threshold, or both, the host system is configured to:
enforce a first memory type change timing constraint between the first time period and the second time period immediately before communication via the shared memory bus is expected to change from communication with the first memory type during the first time period to subsequently communicating with the second memory type during the second time period; and enforce a second memory type change timing constraint different from the first memory type change timing constraint between the second time period and the first time period immediately before communication via the shared memory bus is expected to change from communication with the second memory type during the second time period to subsequently communicating with the first memory type during the first time period. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein:
the first memory type change timing constraint is set to match a first duration of a first longest command-to-fulfillment timing constraint associated with the first memory type; and the second memory type change timing constraint is set to match a second duration of a second longest command-to-fulfillment timing constraint associated with the second memory type. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, when a target memory access latency of the memory system is below a latency threshold, a target power consumption of the apparatus is not below a power consumption threshold, or both, the host system is configured to:
specifically allocate communication with the first memory type via the shared memory bus to the first time period during each communication cycle of the shared memory bus; and specifically allocate communication with the second memory type via the shared memory bus to the second time period during each communication cycle of the shared memory bus. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the host system is configured to communicate via the shared memory bus in accordance with a memory bus clock signal; each memory device of the first memory type is configured to operate in accordance with a first memory device clock signal different from the memory bus clock signal; each memory device of the second memory type is configured to operate in accordance with a second memory device clock signal different from the first memory device clock signal and the memory bus clock signal; a first duration of the first time period during each communication cycle of the shared memory bus specifically allocated to communication with the first memory type is set based at least in part on a first ratio of the memory bus clock signal frequency to a first frequency of the first memory device clock signal; and a second duration of the second time period during each communication cycle of the shared memory bus specifically allocated to communication with the second memory type is set based at least in part on a second ratio of the memory bus clock signal frequency to a second frequency of the second memory device clock signal. 11. A method comprising:
determining a set of one or more target operating characteristics of a computing system, wherein the set of one or more target operating characteristics comprises a target power consumption of the computing system or a target memory access latency of a memory sub-system deployed in the computing system, or both; and receiving, by the memory sub-system, command/address signals, data signals, or both, directly from a host sub-system via a shared memory bus shared by memory devices of multiple different memory types implemented in the memory sub-system and the host sub-system of the computing system using different operating modes based at least in part on the set of one or more target operating characteristics, wherein receiving, by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, comprises:
receiving, by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using a performance mode at a target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode higher than a clock frequency used by each of the multiple different memory types when the target power consumption of the computing system is equal to or above a first threshold or the target memory access latency of the memory sub-system is below a second threshold, or both, wherein the target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode is based on one or more operating parameters of the performance mode; and
receiving by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using an efficiency mode at a target memory bus clock frequency of the efficiency mode lower than the target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode when the target power consumption of the computing system is below the first threshold or the target memory access latency of the memory sub-system is equal to or above the second threshold, or both, wherein the target memory bus clock frequency of the efficiency mode is based on one or more operating parameters of the efficiency mode. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using the performance mode comprises:
specifically allocating a first portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus to communication with a first memory type implemented in the memory sub-system; instructing the memory sub-system to enable communication with a first one or more memory devices of the first memory type during the first portion of each communication cycle at least in part by enforcing a first one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the first memory type during the first portion of each communication cycle; specifically allocating a second portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus different from the first portion to communication with a second memory type implemented in the memory sub-system; and instructing the memory sub-system to enable communication with a second one or more memory devices of the second memory type during the second portion of each communication cycle at least in part by enforcing a second one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the second memory type during the second portion of each communication cycle. 13. The method of claim 12, comprising calibrating the one or more operating parameters of the performance mode before receiving by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using the performance mode at least in part by:
determining a target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle based at least in part on a least common multiple of a first clock cycle duration of a first memory device clock signal used by each of the first one or more memory devices of the first memory type and a second clock cycle duration of a second memory device clock signal used by each of the second one or more memory devices of the second memory type; determining a target bandwidth of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle based at least in part on a first maximum communication bandwidth sustainable by the first memory type over a time period that matches the target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle and a second maximum communication bandwidth sustainable by the second memory type over the time period that matches the target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle; and determining the target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode at least in part by dividing the target bandwidth of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle by a bit width of the shared memory bus and the target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein calibrating the one or more operating parameters of the performance mode comprises:
setting a first performance mode clock frequency conversion factor associated with the first memory type based at least in part on a first ratio of the target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode to a first frequency of the first memory device clock signal used by each of the first one or more memory devices of the first memory type; and setting a second performance mode clock frequency conversion factor associated with the second memory type based at least in part on a second ratio of the target memory bus clock frequency of the performance mode to a second frequency of the second memory device clock signal used by each of the second one or more memory devices of the second memory type. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein:
specifically allocating the first portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus to communication with the first memory type comprises setting a first target duration of the first portion such that a ratio of the first target duration of the first portion to the target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle matches a ratio of a first frequency of the first memory device clock signal used by each of the first one or more memory devices of the first memory type to the target performance mode memory bus clock frequency; and specifically allocating the second portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus to communication with the second memory type comprises setting a second target duration of the second portion such that a ratio of the second target duration of the second portion to the target duration of the performance mode memory bus communication cycle matches a ratio of a second frequency of the second memory device clock signal used by each of the second one or more memory devices of the second memory type to the target performance mode memory bus clock frequency. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein receiving by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using the efficiency mode comprises:
instructing the memory sub-system to enable communication with a first one or more memory devices of a first memory type implemented in the memory sub-system during a first communication cycle of the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing a first one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the first memory type during the first communication cycle of the shared memory bus; instructing the memory sub-system to enable communication with a second one or more memory devices of a second memory type implemented in the memory sub-system during a second communication cycle of the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing a second one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the second memory type during the second communication cycle of the shared memory bus; and instructing the memory sub-system to enforce a first memory type change timing constraint associated with the first memory type between the first communication cycle of the shared memory bus and the second communication cycle of the shared memory bus. 17. The method of claim 16, comprising calibrating the one or more operating parameters of the efficiency mode before receiving by the memory sub-system, the command/address signals, the data signals, or both, using the efficiency mode at least in part by:
setting a target efficiency mode memory bus clock frequency to match a first frequency of a first memory device clock signal used by each of a first one or more memory devices of a first memory type implemented in the memory sub-system, wherein the first frequency of the first memory device clock signal differs from a second frequency of a second memory device clock signal used by each of a second one or more memory device of a second memory type implemented in the memory sub-system; setting a first duration of the first memory type change timing constraint associated with the first memory type to match a first longest command-to-fulfillment timing constraint associated with the first memory type; and setting a second duration of a second memory type change timing constraint associated with the second memory type to match a second longest command-to-fulfillment timing constraint associated with the second memory type. 18. A memory system comprising:
a first memory device of a first memory type, wherein the first memory device is configured to operate in accordance with a first memory device clock signal subject to at least a first memory type-specific timing constraint associated with the first memory type; a second memory device of a second memory type different from the first memory type, wherein the second memory device is configured operate in accordance with a second memory device clock signal different from the first memory device clock signal subject to at least a second memory type-specific timing constraint associated with the second memory type; and a first portion of a memory-side bus interface communicatively coupled to the first memory device of the first memory type and a second portion of the memory-side bus interface communicatively coupled to the second memory device of the second memory type via a shared memory bus that is configured to enable direct communication by the first memory device of the first memory type and the second memory device of the second memory type with a host system, wherein communication via the shared memory bus is governed by a memory bus clock signal that differs from the first memory device clock signal used by the first memory device, wherein the first portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to facilitate direct communication between the host system and the memory system via the shared memory bus at least in part by converting a first digital signal between a first frequency of the first memory device clock signal used by the first memory device and a target frequency of the memory bus clock signal. 19. The memory system of claim 18, wherein:
the memory bus clock signal that governs communication via the shared memory bus differs from the second memory device clock signal used by the second memory device when a target memory access latency of the memory system is less than a latency threshold, a target power consumption is greater than or equal to a power consumption threshold, or both; and the second portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to facilitate communication between the host system and the memory system at least in part by converting a second digital signal between a second frequency of the second memory device clock signal used by the second memory device and the target frequency of the memory bus clock signal. 20. The memory system of claim 18, wherein the target frequency of the memory bus clock signal that governs communication via the shared memory bus is set to match a second frequency of the second memory device clock signal used by the second memory device when a target memory access latency of the memory system is greater than or equal to a latency threshold, a target power consumption is less than a power consumption threshold, or both. 21. The memory system of claim 18, wherein, when a target memory access latency of the memory system is less than a latency threshold, a target power consumption is greater than or equal to a power consumption threshold, or both:
the first portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to enable communication with a first one or more memory devices of the first memory type during a first portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing a first one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the first memory type during the first portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus; and the second portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to enable communication with a second one or more memory devices of the second memory type during a second portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing a second one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the second memory type during the second portion of each communication cycle of the shared memory bus. 22. The memory system of claim 18, wherein, when a target memory access latency of the memory system is greater than or equal to a latency threshold, a target power consumption is less than a power consumption threshold, or both:
the first portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to enable communication with a first one or more memory devices of the first memory type during a first communication cycle of the shared memory bus at least in part by enforcing a first one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the first memory type during the first communication cycle of the shared memory bus; and the second portion of the memory-side bus interface is configured to enable communication with a second one or more memory devices of the second memory type during a second communication cycle of the shared memory bus different from the first communication cycle at least in part by enforcing a second one or more memory type-specific timing constraints associated with the second memory type during the second communication cycle of the shared memory bus. 23. The memory system of claim 18, wherein the first portion of the memory-side bus interface, the second portion of the memory-side bus interface, or both, are configured to facilitate communication between the host system and the memory system at least in part by:
extending duration of the first digital signal before supply to the first memory device when the first digital signal is received from the shared memory bus; and contracting duration of the first digital signal before supply to the shared memory bus when the first digital signal is received from the first memory device. | 1,600 |
346,449 | 16,804,909 | 1,647 | The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for delivery of a ferrofluid to a targeted treatment site, such as delivery of a ferroadhesive to a pathological fistula to occlude the fistula. A device includes a catheter having a lumen and a distal opening. A hollow solenoid is coupled to a distal section of the catheter, and a hollow core of the solenoid allows passage of a ferrofluid through the catheter and through the hollow core so that it may exit past the distal end of the hollow solenoid. The solenoid may be selectively actuated to maintain or control the position of the delivered ferrofluid. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of delivering a ferrofluid to a targeted treatment site, the method comprising:
positioning a distal end of a catheter near the targeted treatment site, the catheter being connected to and extending at least partially through a magnetic field generator; delivering an amount of a ferrofluid through the catheter and the magnetic field generator to the targeted treatment site; and applying a magnetic field to the ferrofluid using the magnetic field generator. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein delivering the amount of ferrofluid includes controlling a location of the ferrofluid using the magnetic field. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising maintaining a position of the ferrofluid a the targeted treatment site until an adhesive has solidified. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising applying a separation force to separate an external portion of the ferrofluid from a remaining portion still within the catheter. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising controlling a position of the separated external portion of the ferrofluid. 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising aligning the magnetic field with a delivery path of the ferrofluid. 27. A delivery device configured for delivering a ferrofluid, the device comprising:
a catheter having a lumen extending to a distal opening at a distal end of the catheter, wherein the distal end of the catheter includes a tapered section; a magnetic field generator at the distal end of the catheter, wherein an outer diameter of the catheter proximal the tapered section is substantially aligned with an outer diameter of the magnetic field generator; and wherein the magnetic field generator and the catheter are operatively disposed relative to one another so as to enable passage of a ferrofluid through the delivery device to a distal end of the magnetic field generator. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the magnetic field generator provides a magnetic field having strength sufficient to hold a bolus of the ferrofluid at a desired treatment site. 29. The device of claim 27, wherein the magnetic field generator is hollow and configured to enable passage of the ferrofluid through the magnetic field generator to the distal end of the magnetic field generator. 30. The device of claim 27, wherein at least a portion of the tapered section is encompassed by the magnetic field generator. 31. The device of claim 27, wherein the tapered section extends to the distal end of the magnetic field generator. 32. The device of claim 27, wherein the magnetic field generator has a length within a range of 1 to 3 cm. 33. The device of claim 27, wherein, at least at a distal section of the device, the device has an inner diameter within a range of 0.5 to 2 mm. 34. The device of claim 27, wherein the magnetic field generator has an outer diameter within a range of 1.5 to 4 mm. 35. The device of claim 27, wherein the catheter further comprises a second lumen configured to impart a separating force at the distal opening for separating a portion of a bolus of ferrofluid located distally external to the catheter from a portion of a bolus of ferrofluid located within the catheter. 36. The device of claim 35, wherein the second lumen has a second lumen opening at the distal opening. 37. A delivery device configured for delivering a ferroadhesive to a targeted pathological fistula in order to occlude the fistula, the device comprising:
a catheter having a lumen extending to a distal opening at a distal end of the catheter; and a magnetic field generator coupled to the catheter at a distal section of the catheter, wherein at least a portion of the catheter is encompassed by the magnetic field generator, the magnetic field generator having a distal end, and wherein the magnetic field generator is configured to enable passage of a ferrofluid through the magnetic field generator and past the distal end of the magnetic field generator to a targeted fistula distally disposed from the device. 38. The device of claim 37, wherein the magnetic field generator provides a magnetic field having strength sufficient to old a bolus of the ferroadhesive at the targeted fistula until the ferroadhesive has sufficiently set. 39. The device of claim 37, wherein the portion of the catheter extending within the magnetic field generator has an inner diameter within a range of 0.5 to 2 mm, and wherein the magnetic field generator has an outer diameter within a range of about 1.5 to 4 mm. 40. The device of claim 37, wherein the portion of the catheter is magnetically permeable. | The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for delivery of a ferrofluid to a targeted treatment site, such as delivery of a ferroadhesive to a pathological fistula to occlude the fistula. A device includes a catheter having a lumen and a distal opening. A hollow solenoid is coupled to a distal section of the catheter, and a hollow core of the solenoid allows passage of a ferrofluid through the catheter and through the hollow core so that it may exit past the distal end of the hollow solenoid. The solenoid may be selectively actuated to maintain or control the position of the delivered ferrofluid.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method of delivering a ferrofluid to a targeted treatment site, the method comprising:
positioning a distal end of a catheter near the targeted treatment site, the catheter being connected to and extending at least partially through a magnetic field generator; delivering an amount of a ferrofluid through the catheter and the magnetic field generator to the targeted treatment site; and applying a magnetic field to the ferrofluid using the magnetic field generator. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein delivering the amount of ferrofluid includes controlling a location of the ferrofluid using the magnetic field. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising maintaining a position of the ferrofluid a the targeted treatment site until an adhesive has solidified. 24. The method of claim 21, further comprising applying a separation force to separate an external portion of the ferrofluid from a remaining portion still within the catheter. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising controlling a position of the separated external portion of the ferrofluid. 26. The method of claim 21, further comprising aligning the magnetic field with a delivery path of the ferrofluid. 27. A delivery device configured for delivering a ferrofluid, the device comprising:
a catheter having a lumen extending to a distal opening at a distal end of the catheter, wherein the distal end of the catheter includes a tapered section; a magnetic field generator at the distal end of the catheter, wherein an outer diameter of the catheter proximal the tapered section is substantially aligned with an outer diameter of the magnetic field generator; and wherein the magnetic field generator and the catheter are operatively disposed relative to one another so as to enable passage of a ferrofluid through the delivery device to a distal end of the magnetic field generator. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein the magnetic field generator provides a magnetic field having strength sufficient to hold a bolus of the ferrofluid at a desired treatment site. 29. The device of claim 27, wherein the magnetic field generator is hollow and configured to enable passage of the ferrofluid through the magnetic field generator to the distal end of the magnetic field generator. 30. The device of claim 27, wherein at least a portion of the tapered section is encompassed by the magnetic field generator. 31. The device of claim 27, wherein the tapered section extends to the distal end of the magnetic field generator. 32. The device of claim 27, wherein the magnetic field generator has a length within a range of 1 to 3 cm. 33. The device of claim 27, wherein, at least at a distal section of the device, the device has an inner diameter within a range of 0.5 to 2 mm. 34. The device of claim 27, wherein the magnetic field generator has an outer diameter within a range of 1.5 to 4 mm. 35. The device of claim 27, wherein the catheter further comprises a second lumen configured to impart a separating force at the distal opening for separating a portion of a bolus of ferrofluid located distally external to the catheter from a portion of a bolus of ferrofluid located within the catheter. 36. The device of claim 35, wherein the second lumen has a second lumen opening at the distal opening. 37. A delivery device configured for delivering a ferroadhesive to a targeted pathological fistula in order to occlude the fistula, the device comprising:
a catheter having a lumen extending to a distal opening at a distal end of the catheter; and a magnetic field generator coupled to the catheter at a distal section of the catheter, wherein at least a portion of the catheter is encompassed by the magnetic field generator, the magnetic field generator having a distal end, and wherein the magnetic field generator is configured to enable passage of a ferrofluid through the magnetic field generator and past the distal end of the magnetic field generator to a targeted fistula distally disposed from the device. 38. The device of claim 37, wherein the magnetic field generator provides a magnetic field having strength sufficient to old a bolus of the ferroadhesive at the targeted fistula until the ferroadhesive has sufficiently set. 39. The device of claim 37, wherein the portion of the catheter extending within the magnetic field generator has an inner diameter within a range of 0.5 to 2 mm, and wherein the magnetic field generator has an outer diameter within a range of about 1.5 to 4 mm. 40. The device of claim 37, wherein the portion of the catheter is magnetically permeable. | 1,600 |
346,450 | 16,804,905 | 3,745 | A gas turbine engine de-icing system includes a heat exchanger. A coolant loop is in fluid communication with the heat exchanger and is configured to circulate a heat transfer fluid. An engine oil loop is in fluid communication with the heat exchanger and is configured to transfer heat to the heat transfer fluid. A gas turbine engine inlet structure has at least one fan inlet guide vane. A spray bar is disposed at least partially in at least one fan inlet guide vane. The spray bar is in fluid communication with the coolant loop. The spray bar is configured to spray the heat transfer fluid onto an inner surface of the at least one fan inlet guide vane to de-ice the fan inlet guide vane. | 1. A gas turbine engine de-icing system comprising:
a heat exchanger; a coolant loop in fluid communication with the heat exchanger and configured to circulate a heat transfer fluid; an engine oil loop in fluid communication with the heat exchanger and configured to transfer heat to the heat transfer fluid; and a gas turbine engine inlet structure having at least one fan inlet guide vane, a spray bar disposed at least partially in at least one fan inlet guide vane, the spray bar is in fluid communication with the coolant loop, the spray bar configured to spray the heat transfer fluid onto an inner surface of the at least one fan inlet guide vane to de-ice the fan inlet guide vane. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is arranged in a passageway configured to be exposed to an airflow. 3. The system according to claim 2, comprising a fan nacelle and a core nacelle that provide a bypass flow path, the passageway in fluid communication with the bypass flow path. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein an annular manifold is arranged in the gas turbine engine inlet structure, the annular manifold in fluid communication with the spray bar. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the engine inlet structure is a fan nacelle and the heat transfer fluid travels radially inward through the spray bar from the fan nacelle toward a nose cone. 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the heat transfer fluid collects in the nose cone and runs towards a bottom of the fan nacelle, where it is collected and returned to the coolant loop. 7. The system according to claim 5, comprising a plurality of spray bars and a plurality of fan inlet guide vanes arranged circumferentially about the nose cone, one of the plurality of spray bars extending into each of the plurality of fan inlet guide vanes. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the spray bar is configured to spray the heat transfer fluid towards a leading edge of the fan inlet guide vane and a second spray bar is arranged in the fan inlet guide vane, the second spray bar is configured to spray the heat transfer fluid towards a trailing edge of the fan inlet guide vane. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the coolant loop includes a reservoir and a pump configured to circulate the heat transfer fluid, the reservoir arranged downstream from the manifold and configured to collect the heat transfer fluid. 10. The system according to claim 1, comprising at least one of a gearbox and bearing system in fluid communication with the engine oil loop. 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the gearbox is configured to operatively connect a turbine section and a fan section. 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer fluid is a phase change fluid. 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the heat transfer fluid changes phase from a liquid to a gas or saturated vapor in a range of 200° F.-500° F. (93° C.-260° C.). 14. A method of de-icing a gas turbine engine component comprising the steps of:
circulating an engine fluid to a heat exchanger; rejecting heat from the engine fluid to a heat transfer fluid; circulating the heat transfer fluid to a fan inlet guide vane; and de-icing the fan inlet guide vane with the heat transfer fluid. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the fluid is engine oil, and the circulating the engine fluid step includes pumping the engine oil from at least one of a gearbox and bearing system. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the circulating the heat transfer fluid step comprises directing the heat transfer fluid onto an inner surface of the fan inlet guide vane. 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the heat transfer fluid is a phase change fluid, and comprising the step of spraying gaseous or saturated vapor heat transfer fluid onto the fan inlet guide vane to de-ice the fan inlet guide vane, and condensing the gaseous or saturated vapor heat transfer fluid to a liquid heat transfer fluid with the de-iced fan inlet guide vane. 18. The method according to claim 17, comprising the step of collecting the condensed liquid heat transfer fluid in a reservoir. 19. A gas turbine engine, comprising:
an inlet structure having at least one fan inlet guide vane; and means for directing a heat transfer fluid onto an inner surface of the at least one fan inlet guide vane. 20. The gas turbine engine of claim 19, wherein the heat transfer fluid is communicated to the at least one fan inlet guide vane from a coolant loop in fluid communication with a heat exchanger. | A gas turbine engine de-icing system includes a heat exchanger. A coolant loop is in fluid communication with the heat exchanger and is configured to circulate a heat transfer fluid. An engine oil loop is in fluid communication with the heat exchanger and is configured to transfer heat to the heat transfer fluid. A gas turbine engine inlet structure has at least one fan inlet guide vane. A spray bar is disposed at least partially in at least one fan inlet guide vane. The spray bar is in fluid communication with the coolant loop. The spray bar is configured to spray the heat transfer fluid onto an inner surface of the at least one fan inlet guide vane to de-ice the fan inlet guide vane.1. A gas turbine engine de-icing system comprising:
a heat exchanger; a coolant loop in fluid communication with the heat exchanger and configured to circulate a heat transfer fluid; an engine oil loop in fluid communication with the heat exchanger and configured to transfer heat to the heat transfer fluid; and a gas turbine engine inlet structure having at least one fan inlet guide vane, a spray bar disposed at least partially in at least one fan inlet guide vane, the spray bar is in fluid communication with the coolant loop, the spray bar configured to spray the heat transfer fluid onto an inner surface of the at least one fan inlet guide vane to de-ice the fan inlet guide vane. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is arranged in a passageway configured to be exposed to an airflow. 3. The system according to claim 2, comprising a fan nacelle and a core nacelle that provide a bypass flow path, the passageway in fluid communication with the bypass flow path. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein an annular manifold is arranged in the gas turbine engine inlet structure, the annular manifold in fluid communication with the spray bar. 5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the engine inlet structure is a fan nacelle and the heat transfer fluid travels radially inward through the spray bar from the fan nacelle toward a nose cone. 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the heat transfer fluid collects in the nose cone and runs towards a bottom of the fan nacelle, where it is collected and returned to the coolant loop. 7. The system according to claim 5, comprising a plurality of spray bars and a plurality of fan inlet guide vanes arranged circumferentially about the nose cone, one of the plurality of spray bars extending into each of the plurality of fan inlet guide vanes. 8. The system according to claim 1, wherein the spray bar is configured to spray the heat transfer fluid towards a leading edge of the fan inlet guide vane and a second spray bar is arranged in the fan inlet guide vane, the second spray bar is configured to spray the heat transfer fluid towards a trailing edge of the fan inlet guide vane. 9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the coolant loop includes a reservoir and a pump configured to circulate the heat transfer fluid, the reservoir arranged downstream from the manifold and configured to collect the heat transfer fluid. 10. The system according to claim 1, comprising at least one of a gearbox and bearing system in fluid communication with the engine oil loop. 11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the gearbox is configured to operatively connect a turbine section and a fan section. 12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer fluid is a phase change fluid. 13. The system according to claim 12, wherein the heat transfer fluid changes phase from a liquid to a gas or saturated vapor in a range of 200° F.-500° F. (93° C.-260° C.). 14. A method of de-icing a gas turbine engine component comprising the steps of:
circulating an engine fluid to a heat exchanger; rejecting heat from the engine fluid to a heat transfer fluid; circulating the heat transfer fluid to a fan inlet guide vane; and de-icing the fan inlet guide vane with the heat transfer fluid. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the fluid is engine oil, and the circulating the engine fluid step includes pumping the engine oil from at least one of a gearbox and bearing system. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the circulating the heat transfer fluid step comprises directing the heat transfer fluid onto an inner surface of the fan inlet guide vane. 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the heat transfer fluid is a phase change fluid, and comprising the step of spraying gaseous or saturated vapor heat transfer fluid onto the fan inlet guide vane to de-ice the fan inlet guide vane, and condensing the gaseous or saturated vapor heat transfer fluid to a liquid heat transfer fluid with the de-iced fan inlet guide vane. 18. The method according to claim 17, comprising the step of collecting the condensed liquid heat transfer fluid in a reservoir. 19. A gas turbine engine, comprising:
an inlet structure having at least one fan inlet guide vane; and means for directing a heat transfer fluid onto an inner surface of the at least one fan inlet guide vane. 20. The gas turbine engine of claim 19, wherein the heat transfer fluid is communicated to the at least one fan inlet guide vane from a coolant loop in fluid communication with a heat exchanger. | 3,700 |
346,451 | 16,804,917 | 3,745 | Provided herein are constitutively active chimeric cytokine receptors (CACCRs). When present on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-bearing immune cells, such CACCRs allow for increased immune cell activation, proliferation, persistence, and/or potency. Also provided are methods of making and using the CACCRs described herein. | 1. A constitutively active chimeric cytokine receptor (CACCR) composed of two monomers, each monomer comprising:
a. a transmembrane domain; b. a Janus Kinase (JAK)-binding domain; and c. a recruiting domain, wherein the monomers are constitutively dimerized. 2. The CACCR of claim 1, wherein the JAK-binding domain comprises a JAK1-binding domain. 3. The CACCR of claim 1, wherein the JAK-binding domain comprises a JAK2-binding domain. 4. The CACCR of claim 1, wherein the JAK-binding domain comprises a JAK3-binding domain. 5. The CACCR of claim 1, wherein the JAK-binding domain comprises a TYK2-binding domain. 6. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the JAK-binding domain comprises one of the transmembrane amino acid sequences presented in Table 1b. 7. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the recruiting domain comprises a STAT-recruiting domain is selected from a STAT-1, STAT-2, STAT-3, STAT-4, STAT-5, STAT-6, or STAT-7-recruiting domain from at least one receptor. 8. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the transmembrane domain and/or the JAK-binding domain is derived from EpoR, GP130, PrlR, GHR, GCSFR, or TPOR/MPLR receptors. 9. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the transmembrane domain and/or the JAK-binding domain is derived from the TPOR/MPLR receptor. 10. The CACCR of claim 9, wherein the transmembrane domain and/or the JAK-binding domain is derived from the TPOR/MPLR receptor, and the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises amino acids 478-582 of the naturally occurring TPOR/MPLR receptor of SEQ ID NO: 6. 11. The CACCR of claim 10, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises one or more amino acid substitutions at H499, S505, W515, and G509 of SEQ ID NO: 6. 12. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises one or more of the amino acid substitutions selected from H499L, S505N, W515K, and G509N. 13. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitution H499L. 14. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitution S505N. 15. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitution W515K. 16. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitution G509N. 17. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions H499L and S505N. 18. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions H499L and W515K. 19. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions S505N and W515K. 20. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions H499L and G509N. 21. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions H499L and S505N. 22. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions H499L, S505N, and W515K. 23. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the monomers are identical. 24. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the monomers are different. 25. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the recruiting domain comprises a STAT-recruiting domain from a cytokine receptor. 26. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the recruiting domain comprises a STAT-recruiting domain from a receptor selected from receptors presented in Table 2a. 27. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the amino acid sequence of one or more of the receptor sequences presented in Table 2b. 28. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domain from IL7Ra. 29. The CACCR of claim 28, wherein the IL7Ra is IL7Ra(316-459). 30. The CACCR of any one of claims 1-27, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domain from IL2Rb. 31. The CACCR of claim 30, wherein the IL2Rb comprises the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domain from IL7Ra. 32. The CACCR of any one of claims 1-27, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domain from IL12Rb2. 33. The CACCR of claim 32, wherein the IL12Rb2 comprises IL12Rb2(714-862) or IL12Rb2(775-825). 34. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domains from two receptors. 35. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domains from two cytokine receptors. 36. The CACCR of claim 35, wherein the two cytokine receptors are selected from the group consisting of IL7Ra, IL2Rb, and IL12Rb2. 37. A polynucleotide encoding any one of the CACCRs of any one of claims 1 to 36. 38. An expression vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 37. 39. The expression vector of claim 37 comprising the polynucleotide of claim 37 and a polynucleotide expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). 40. The expression vector of claim39, wherein the CAR binds to BCMA, EGFRvIII, Flt-3, WT-1, CD20, CD23, CD30, CD38, CD70, CD33, CD133, LeY, NKG2D, CS1, CD44v6, ROR1, CD19, Claudin-18.2 (Claudin-18A2, or Claudin18 isoform 2), DLL3 (Delta-like protein 3, Drosophila Delta homolog 3, Delta3), Muc17 (Mucin17, Muc3, Muc3), FAP alpha (Fibroblast Activation Protein alpha), Ly6G6D (Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G6d, c6orf23, G6D, MEGT1, NG25), and/or RNF43 (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF43, RING finger protein 43). 41. The expression vector of any one of claims 38-40, wherein the vector is a lentiviral vector. 42. An engineered immune cell comprising the expression vector of any one of claims 38-41. 43. The engineered immune cell of claim 42, wherein the immune cell is a T-cell. 44. An engineered immune cell comprising a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and at least one CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 36. 45. The engineered immune cell of claim 44, wherein the CAR and the CACCR are expressed in stoichiometrically equal amounts. 46. The engineered immune cell of any one of claims 42-45, wherein the immune cell is a T-cell. 47. The engineered immune cell of any one of claims 42-46, wherein the CAR binds to BCMA, EGFRvIII, Flt-3, WT-1, CD20, CD23, CD30, CD38, CD70, CD33, CD133, LeY, NKG2D, CS1, CD44v6, ROR1, CD19, Claudin-18.2 (Claudin-18A2, or Claudin18 isoform 2), DLL3 (Delta-like protein 3, Drosophila Delta homolog 3, Delta3), Muc17 (Mucin17, Muc3, Muc3), FAP alpha (Fibroblast Activation Protein alpha), Ly6G6D (Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G6d, c6orf23, G6D, MEGT1, NG25), and/or RNF43 (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF43, RING finger protein 43). 48. The engineered immune cell of any one of claims 42-47, wherein the cell is an allogeneic immune cell. 49. The engineered immune cell of any one of claims 42-47, wherein the cell is an autologous immune cell. 50. The engineered immune cell of any one of claims 42-49, wherein the immune cell is selected from the group consisting of: T-cell, dendritic cell, killer dendritic cell, mast cell, NK-cell, macrophage, monocyte, B-cell and an immune cell derived from a stem cell. 51. A method of preparing an engineered immune cell, the method comprising introducing the polynucleotide of claim 37 or an expression vector of any one of claims 38-41 into an immune cell. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the immune cell is selected from the group consisting of: T-cell, dendritic cell, killer dendritic cell, mast cell, NK-cell, macrophage, monocyte, B-cell and an immune cell derived from a stem cell. 53. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the engineered immune cells of any one of claims 42-50. 54. A kit comprising the engineered immune cells of any one of claims 42-50 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 53. 55. A method of treating a cancer in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the engineered immune cells of any one of claims 42-50 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 53. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the cancer comprises a solid tumor. 57. The method of claim55, wherein the cancer comprises a liquid tumor. | Provided herein are constitutively active chimeric cytokine receptors (CACCRs). When present on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-bearing immune cells, such CACCRs allow for increased immune cell activation, proliferation, persistence, and/or potency. Also provided are methods of making and using the CACCRs described herein.1. A constitutively active chimeric cytokine receptor (CACCR) composed of two monomers, each monomer comprising:
a. a transmembrane domain; b. a Janus Kinase (JAK)-binding domain; and c. a recruiting domain, wherein the monomers are constitutively dimerized. 2. The CACCR of claim 1, wherein the JAK-binding domain comprises a JAK1-binding domain. 3. The CACCR of claim 1, wherein the JAK-binding domain comprises a JAK2-binding domain. 4. The CACCR of claim 1, wherein the JAK-binding domain comprises a JAK3-binding domain. 5. The CACCR of claim 1, wherein the JAK-binding domain comprises a TYK2-binding domain. 6. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the JAK-binding domain comprises one of the transmembrane amino acid sequences presented in Table 1b. 7. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the recruiting domain comprises a STAT-recruiting domain is selected from a STAT-1, STAT-2, STAT-3, STAT-4, STAT-5, STAT-6, or STAT-7-recruiting domain from at least one receptor. 8. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the transmembrane domain and/or the JAK-binding domain is derived from EpoR, GP130, PrlR, GHR, GCSFR, or TPOR/MPLR receptors. 9. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the transmembrane domain and/or the JAK-binding domain is derived from the TPOR/MPLR receptor. 10. The CACCR of claim 9, wherein the transmembrane domain and/or the JAK-binding domain is derived from the TPOR/MPLR receptor, and the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises amino acids 478-582 of the naturally occurring TPOR/MPLR receptor of SEQ ID NO: 6. 11. The CACCR of claim 10, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises one or more amino acid substitutions at H499, S505, W515, and G509 of SEQ ID NO: 6. 12. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises one or more of the amino acid substitutions selected from H499L, S505N, W515K, and G509N. 13. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitution H499L. 14. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitution S505N. 15. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitution W515K. 16. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitution G509N. 17. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions H499L and S505N. 18. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions H499L and W515K. 19. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions S505N and W515K. 20. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions H499L and G509N. 21. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions H499L and S505N. 22. The CACCR of claim 11, wherein the TPOR/MPLR receptor comprises the amino acid substitutions H499L, S505N, and W515K. 23. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the monomers are identical. 24. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the monomers are different. 25. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the recruiting domain comprises a STAT-recruiting domain from a cytokine receptor. 26. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the recruiting domain comprises a STAT-recruiting domain from a receptor selected from receptors presented in Table 2a. 27. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the amino acid sequence of one or more of the receptor sequences presented in Table 2b. 28. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domain from IL7Ra. 29. The CACCR of claim 28, wherein the IL7Ra is IL7Ra(316-459). 30. The CACCR of any one of claims 1-27, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domain from IL2Rb. 31. The CACCR of claim 30, wherein the IL2Rb comprises the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domain from IL7Ra. 32. The CACCR of any one of claims 1-27, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domain from IL12Rb2. 33. The CACCR of claim 32, wherein the IL12Rb2 comprises IL12Rb2(714-862) or IL12Rb2(775-825). 34. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domains from two receptors. 35. The CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the recruiting domain comprises the STAT-recruiting domains from two cytokine receptors. 36. The CACCR of claim 35, wherein the two cytokine receptors are selected from the group consisting of IL7Ra, IL2Rb, and IL12Rb2. 37. A polynucleotide encoding any one of the CACCRs of any one of claims 1 to 36. 38. An expression vector comprising the polynucleotide of claim 37. 39. The expression vector of claim 37 comprising the polynucleotide of claim 37 and a polynucleotide expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). 40. The expression vector of claim39, wherein the CAR binds to BCMA, EGFRvIII, Flt-3, WT-1, CD20, CD23, CD30, CD38, CD70, CD33, CD133, LeY, NKG2D, CS1, CD44v6, ROR1, CD19, Claudin-18.2 (Claudin-18A2, or Claudin18 isoform 2), DLL3 (Delta-like protein 3, Drosophila Delta homolog 3, Delta3), Muc17 (Mucin17, Muc3, Muc3), FAP alpha (Fibroblast Activation Protein alpha), Ly6G6D (Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G6d, c6orf23, G6D, MEGT1, NG25), and/or RNF43 (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF43, RING finger protein 43). 41. The expression vector of any one of claims 38-40, wherein the vector is a lentiviral vector. 42. An engineered immune cell comprising the expression vector of any one of claims 38-41. 43. The engineered immune cell of claim 42, wherein the immune cell is a T-cell. 44. An engineered immune cell comprising a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and at least one CACCR of any one of claims 1 to 36. 45. The engineered immune cell of claim 44, wherein the CAR and the CACCR are expressed in stoichiometrically equal amounts. 46. The engineered immune cell of any one of claims 42-45, wherein the immune cell is a T-cell. 47. The engineered immune cell of any one of claims 42-46, wherein the CAR binds to BCMA, EGFRvIII, Flt-3, WT-1, CD20, CD23, CD30, CD38, CD70, CD33, CD133, LeY, NKG2D, CS1, CD44v6, ROR1, CD19, Claudin-18.2 (Claudin-18A2, or Claudin18 isoform 2), DLL3 (Delta-like protein 3, Drosophila Delta homolog 3, Delta3), Muc17 (Mucin17, Muc3, Muc3), FAP alpha (Fibroblast Activation Protein alpha), Ly6G6D (Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G6d, c6orf23, G6D, MEGT1, NG25), and/or RNF43 (E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF43, RING finger protein 43). 48. The engineered immune cell of any one of claims 42-47, wherein the cell is an allogeneic immune cell. 49. The engineered immune cell of any one of claims 42-47, wherein the cell is an autologous immune cell. 50. The engineered immune cell of any one of claims 42-49, wherein the immune cell is selected from the group consisting of: T-cell, dendritic cell, killer dendritic cell, mast cell, NK-cell, macrophage, monocyte, B-cell and an immune cell derived from a stem cell. 51. A method of preparing an engineered immune cell, the method comprising introducing the polynucleotide of claim 37 or an expression vector of any one of claims 38-41 into an immune cell. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the immune cell is selected from the group consisting of: T-cell, dendritic cell, killer dendritic cell, mast cell, NK-cell, macrophage, monocyte, B-cell and an immune cell derived from a stem cell. 53. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the engineered immune cells of any one of claims 42-50. 54. A kit comprising the engineered immune cells of any one of claims 42-50 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 53. 55. A method of treating a cancer in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the engineered immune cells of any one of claims 42-50 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 53. 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the cancer comprises a solid tumor. 57. The method of claim55, wherein the cancer comprises a liquid tumor. | 3,700 |
346,452 | 16,804,893 | 3,745 | A negative electrode active substance material used for an electricity storage device of the present disclosure includes a silicon phase and a silicide phase represented by a basic composition formula MSi2, where M is one or more of Cr, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Hf. The negative electrode active substance material may have a structure in which the silicide phase is dispersed in the silicon phase. | 1. A negative electrode active substance material used for an electricity storage device, the negative electrode active substance material comprising:
a silicon phase; and a silicide phase represented by a basic composition formula MSi2, where M is one or more of Cr, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Hf, wherein the negative electrode active substance material has a structure in which the silicide phase is dispersed in the silicon phase. 2. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein the M is a eutectic composition or a hypoeutectic composition of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 3. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein the M is included in a range of 2 mol % or more and 25 mol % or less with respect to an entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 4. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein the M is included in a range of 5 mol % or more and 15 mol % or less with respect to an entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 5. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein the silicide phase includes at least Zr as the M and further includes one or more of Cr and Hf. 6. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 5, wherein:
the Zr is included in a range of 5 mol % or more and 10 mol % or less with respect to an entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase; and the one or more of the Cr and the Hf is included in a range of 5 mol % or more and 15 mol % or less with respect to the entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 7. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein a volume proportion of the silicide phase is in a range of 5% by volume to 90% by volume with respect to an entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 8. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein a volume proportion of the silicide phase is in a range of 10% by volume to 50% by volume with respect to an entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 9. An electricity storage device comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode including the negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1; and an ion conduction medium interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode for conducting ions. | A negative electrode active substance material used for an electricity storage device of the present disclosure includes a silicon phase and a silicide phase represented by a basic composition formula MSi2, where M is one or more of Cr, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Hf. The negative electrode active substance material may have a structure in which the silicide phase is dispersed in the silicon phase.1. A negative electrode active substance material used for an electricity storage device, the negative electrode active substance material comprising:
a silicon phase; and a silicide phase represented by a basic composition formula MSi2, where M is one or more of Cr, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, and Hf, wherein the negative electrode active substance material has a structure in which the silicide phase is dispersed in the silicon phase. 2. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein the M is a eutectic composition or a hypoeutectic composition of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 3. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein the M is included in a range of 2 mol % or more and 25 mol % or less with respect to an entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 4. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein the M is included in a range of 5 mol % or more and 15 mol % or less with respect to an entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 5. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein the silicide phase includes at least Zr as the M and further includes one or more of Cr and Hf. 6. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 5, wherein:
the Zr is included in a range of 5 mol % or more and 10 mol % or less with respect to an entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase; and the one or more of the Cr and the Hf is included in a range of 5 mol % or more and 15 mol % or less with respect to the entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 7. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein a volume proportion of the silicide phase is in a range of 5% by volume to 90% by volume with respect to an entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 8. The negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1, wherein a volume proportion of the silicide phase is in a range of 10% by volume to 50% by volume with respect to an entirety of the silicon phase and the silicide phase. 9. An electricity storage device comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode including the negative electrode active substance material according to claim 1; and an ion conduction medium interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode for conducting ions. | 3,700 |
346,453 | 16,804,899 | 3,745 | An object of the present invention is to further improve upon the strength and durability of a wire rope. A wire rope has a core rope made of steel; a covering layer, which is made of a composite resin, covering the outer peripheral surface of the core rope; and multiple side strands, which are made of steel, wound on the outer peripheral surface of the core rope covered with the covering layer. The composite resin constituting the covering layer is obtained by blending cellulose nanofibers with polypropylene serving as a matrix. | 1. A wire rope comprising:
a core rope made of metal; a covering layer covering the outer peripheral surface of said core rope; and multiple side strands made of metal wound on the outer peripheral surface of said core rope covered with said covering layer; wherein said covering layer is made of a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin. 2. A wire rope according to claim 1 wherein spacers are placed between mutually adjacent side strands;
said spacers being made of said composite resin. 3. A wire rope according to claim 1, wherein content of the cellulose nanofibers in said composite resin is 5 to 50 wt %. 4. A wire rope according to claim 1, wherein the matrix resin is any one among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyester, polylactam, fluorine and epoxy. 5. A wire rope comprising:
a core material; and multiple side strands made of metal wound on the outer peripheral surface of said core material; wherein said core material is made of a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are mixed with a matrix resin. 6. A wire rope according to claim 5, wherein spacers are placed between mutually adjacent side strands; said spacers being made of said composite resin. 7. A wire rope according to claim 5, wherein content of the cellulose nanofibers in said composite resin is 5 to 50 wt %. 8. A wire rope according to claim 5, wherein the matrix resin is any one among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyester, polylactam, fluorine and epoxy. 9. A wire rope comprising:
a core selected from one of (i) a composite resin core material or (ii) a core rope made of metal and having a composite resin covering layer covering the outer peripheral surface of said core rope; multiple side strands made of metal wound on the outer peripheral surface of said core; and wherein said composite resin core material and said composite resin covering layer are formed of a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin. 10. A wire rope according to claim 9 wherein content of the cellulose nanofibers in said matrix resin is 5 to 50 wt %. 11. A wire rope according to claim 9 wherein the matrix resin is any one among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyester, polylactam, fluorine and epoxy. 12. A sheave made of metal in which a groove with which a wire rope will be engaged is formed in an outer peripheral portion thereof;
the surface of the groove being provided with a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin. 13. A sheave according claim 12 wherein said wire rope is formed from:
a core selected from one of (i) a composite resin core material or (ii) a core rope made of metal and having a composite resin covering layer covering the outer peripheral surface of said core rope;
multiple side strands made of metal wound on the outer peripheral surface of said core; and
wherein said composite resin core material and said composite resin covering layer are formed of a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin. 14. A sheave according to claim 13 wherein content of the cellulose nanofibers in said matrix resin is 5 to 50 wt %. 15. A wire rope according to claim 13 wherein the matrix resin is any one among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyester, polylactam, fluorine and epoxy. 16. A drum made of metal having a drum portion on which a wire rope will be wound;
a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin being provided on the outer peripheral surface of said drum portion. 17. A sheave according claim 16 wherein said wire rope is formed from:
a core selected from one of (i) a composite resin core material or (ii) a core rope made of metal and having a composite resin covering layer covering the outer peripheral surface of said core rope;
multiple side strands made of metal wound on the outer peripheral surface of said core; and
wherein said composite resin core material and said composite resin covering layer are formed of a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin. 18. A sheave according to claim 17 wherein content of the cellulose nanofibers in said matrix resin is 5 to 50 wt %. 19. A wire rope according to claim 17 wherein the matrix resin is any one among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyester, polylactam, fluorine and epoxy. | An object of the present invention is to further improve upon the strength and durability of a wire rope. A wire rope has a core rope made of steel; a covering layer, which is made of a composite resin, covering the outer peripheral surface of the core rope; and multiple side strands, which are made of steel, wound on the outer peripheral surface of the core rope covered with the covering layer. The composite resin constituting the covering layer is obtained by blending cellulose nanofibers with polypropylene serving as a matrix.1. A wire rope comprising:
a core rope made of metal; a covering layer covering the outer peripheral surface of said core rope; and multiple side strands made of metal wound on the outer peripheral surface of said core rope covered with said covering layer; wherein said covering layer is made of a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin. 2. A wire rope according to claim 1 wherein spacers are placed between mutually adjacent side strands;
said spacers being made of said composite resin. 3. A wire rope according to claim 1, wherein content of the cellulose nanofibers in said composite resin is 5 to 50 wt %. 4. A wire rope according to claim 1, wherein the matrix resin is any one among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyester, polylactam, fluorine and epoxy. 5. A wire rope comprising:
a core material; and multiple side strands made of metal wound on the outer peripheral surface of said core material; wherein said core material is made of a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are mixed with a matrix resin. 6. A wire rope according to claim 5, wherein spacers are placed between mutually adjacent side strands; said spacers being made of said composite resin. 7. A wire rope according to claim 5, wherein content of the cellulose nanofibers in said composite resin is 5 to 50 wt %. 8. A wire rope according to claim 5, wherein the matrix resin is any one among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyester, polylactam, fluorine and epoxy. 9. A wire rope comprising:
a core selected from one of (i) a composite resin core material or (ii) a core rope made of metal and having a composite resin covering layer covering the outer peripheral surface of said core rope; multiple side strands made of metal wound on the outer peripheral surface of said core; and wherein said composite resin core material and said composite resin covering layer are formed of a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin. 10. A wire rope according to claim 9 wherein content of the cellulose nanofibers in said matrix resin is 5 to 50 wt %. 11. A wire rope according to claim 9 wherein the matrix resin is any one among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyester, polylactam, fluorine and epoxy. 12. A sheave made of metal in which a groove with which a wire rope will be engaged is formed in an outer peripheral portion thereof;
the surface of the groove being provided with a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin. 13. A sheave according claim 12 wherein said wire rope is formed from:
a core selected from one of (i) a composite resin core material or (ii) a core rope made of metal and having a composite resin covering layer covering the outer peripheral surface of said core rope;
multiple side strands made of metal wound on the outer peripheral surface of said core; and
wherein said composite resin core material and said composite resin covering layer are formed of a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin. 14. A sheave according to claim 13 wherein content of the cellulose nanofibers in said matrix resin is 5 to 50 wt %. 15. A wire rope according to claim 13 wherein the matrix resin is any one among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyester, polylactam, fluorine and epoxy. 16. A drum made of metal having a drum portion on which a wire rope will be wound;
a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin being provided on the outer peripheral surface of said drum portion. 17. A sheave according claim 16 wherein said wire rope is formed from:
a core selected from one of (i) a composite resin core material or (ii) a core rope made of metal and having a composite resin covering layer covering the outer peripheral surface of said core rope;
multiple side strands made of metal wound on the outer peripheral surface of said core; and
wherein said composite resin core material and said composite resin covering layer are formed of a composite resin in which cellulose nanofibers are blended with a matrix resin. 18. A sheave according to claim 17 wherein content of the cellulose nanofibers in said matrix resin is 5 to 50 wt %. 19. A wire rope according to claim 17 wherein the matrix resin is any one among polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polyoxymethylene, polyester, polylactam, fluorine and epoxy. | 3,700 |
346,454 | 16,804,914 | 3,745 | A method of generating a multi-modal prediction is disclosed herein. A computing system retrieves event data from a data store. The event data includes information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons. Computing system generates a predictive model using a mixture density network, by generating an input vector from the event data learning, by the mixture density network, a plurality of values associated with a next play following each play in the event data. The mixture density network is trained to output the plurality of values near simultaneously. Computing system receives a set of event data directed to an event in a match. The set of event data includes information directed to at least playing surface position and current score. Computing system generates, via the predictive model, a plurality of values associated with a next event following the event based on the set of event data. | 1. A method of generating a multi-modal prediction, comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, event data from a data store, the event data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons; generating, by the computing system, a predictive model using a mixture density network, by:
generating an input vector from the data, the input vector comprising one or more parameters associated with each play in the event data; and
learning, by the mixture density network, a plurality of values associated with a next play following each play in the event data, wherein the mixture density network is trained to output the plurality of values near simultaneously;
receiving, by the computing system, a set of data directed to an event in a match, the set of data comprising information directed to at least playing surface position and current score; and generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, a plurality of values associated with a next event following the event based on the set of data, wherein the plurality of values is determined near simultaneously. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
for each play in the event data, segmenting data corresponding thereto. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the data for each play in the event data comprises categorical features and continuous features. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
passing the categorical features through a respective embedding layer to create a dense representation of each categorical feature. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
concatenating the dense representation of each categorical feature with the continuous features to generate the input vector. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the input vector comprises a dense representation of playing surface position data and a raw representation of playing surface position data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, the plurality of values associated with the next event following the event based on the set of data comprises:
generating an output vector comprising one or more of expected meters gained, expected play selection, likelihood of scoring on the next event, likelihood of scoring during a sequence of events comprising the next event, likelihood of winning the game, a scoreline prediction, expected goal, expected shot, expected foul/penalty, expected corner, win probability, and final score line, expected ace, expected winning of point, expected break, win probability, final score, expected number of points being scored by a specific player, expected number of rebounds per specific player, win probability, and final score prediction, depending on which sport is identified. 8. A system for generating a multi-modal prediction, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having programming instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, performs one or more operations, comprising: retrieving, by a computing system, data from a data store, the data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons; generating a predictive model using a mixture density network, by:
generating an input vector from the data, the input vector comprising one or more parameters associated with each play in the event data; and
learning, by the mixture density network, a plurality of values associated with a next play following each play in the event data, wherein the mixture density network is trained to output the plurality of values near simultaneously;
receiving a set of data directed to an event in a match, the set of data comprising information directed to at least playing surface position and current score; and generating, via the predictive model, a plurality of values associated with a next event following the event based on the set of data, wherein the plurality of values are determined near simultaneously. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
for each play in the event data, segmenting data corresponding thereto. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the data for each play in the event data comprises categorical features and continuous features. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
passing the categorical features through a respective embedding layer to create a dense representation of each categorical feature. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
concatenating the dense representation of each categorical feature with the continuous features to generate the input vector. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the input vector comprises a dense representation of playing surface position data and a raw representation of playing surface position data. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein generating, via the predictive model, the plurality of values associated with the next event following the event based on the set of data comprises:
generating an output vector comprising one or more of expected meters gained, expected play selection, likelihood of scoring on the next event, likelihood of scoring during a sequence of events comprising the next event, likelihood of winning the game, a scoreline prediction, expected goal, expected shot, expected foul/penalty, expected corner, win probability, and final score line, expected ace, expected winning of point, expected break, win probability, final score, expected number of points being scored by a specific player, expected number of rebounds per specific player, win probability, and final score prediction, depending on which sport is identified. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes:
retrieving, by a computing system, event data from a data store, the event data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons; generating, by the computing system, a predictive model using a mixture density network, by:
generating an input vector from the data, the input vector comprising one or more parameters associated with each play in the event data; and
learning, by the mixture density network, a plurality of values associated with a next play following each play in the event data, wherein the mixture density network is trained to output the plurality of values near simultaneously;
receiving, by the computing system, a set of data directed to an event in a match, the set of data comprising information directed to at least playing surface position and current score; and generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, a plurality of values associated with a next event following the event based on the set of data, wherein the plurality of values are determined near simultaneously. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
for each play in the event data, segmenting data corresponding thereto. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the data for each play in the event data comprises categorical features and continuous features. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
passing the categorical features through a respective embedding layer to create a dense representation of each categorical feature. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, further comprising:
concatenating the dense representation of each categorical feature with the continuous features to generate the input vector. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, the plurality of values associated with the next event following the event based on the set of data comprises:
generating an output vector comprising one or more of expected meters gained, expected play selection, likelihood of scoring on the next event, likelihood of scoring during a sequence of events comprising the next event, likelihood of winning the game, a scoreline prediction, expected goal, expected shot, expected foul/penalty, expected corner, win probability, and final score line, expected ace, expected winning of point, expected break, win probability, final score, expected number of points being scored by a specific player, expected number of rebounds per specific player, win probability, and final score prediction, depending on which sport is identified. | A method of generating a multi-modal prediction is disclosed herein. A computing system retrieves event data from a data store. The event data includes information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons. Computing system generates a predictive model using a mixture density network, by generating an input vector from the event data learning, by the mixture density network, a plurality of values associated with a next play following each play in the event data. The mixture density network is trained to output the plurality of values near simultaneously. Computing system receives a set of event data directed to an event in a match. The set of event data includes information directed to at least playing surface position and current score. Computing system generates, via the predictive model, a plurality of values associated with a next event following the event based on the set of event data.1. A method of generating a multi-modal prediction, comprising:
retrieving, by a computing system, event data from a data store, the event data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons; generating, by the computing system, a predictive model using a mixture density network, by:
generating an input vector from the data, the input vector comprising one or more parameters associated with each play in the event data; and
learning, by the mixture density network, a plurality of values associated with a next play following each play in the event data, wherein the mixture density network is trained to output the plurality of values near simultaneously;
receiving, by the computing system, a set of data directed to an event in a match, the set of data comprising information directed to at least playing surface position and current score; and generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, a plurality of values associated with a next event following the event based on the set of data, wherein the plurality of values is determined near simultaneously. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
for each play in the event data, segmenting data corresponding thereto. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the data for each play in the event data comprises categorical features and continuous features. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
passing the categorical features through a respective embedding layer to create a dense representation of each categorical feature. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
concatenating the dense representation of each categorical feature with the continuous features to generate the input vector. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the input vector comprises a dense representation of playing surface position data and a raw representation of playing surface position data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, the plurality of values associated with the next event following the event based on the set of data comprises:
generating an output vector comprising one or more of expected meters gained, expected play selection, likelihood of scoring on the next event, likelihood of scoring during a sequence of events comprising the next event, likelihood of winning the game, a scoreline prediction, expected goal, expected shot, expected foul/penalty, expected corner, win probability, and final score line, expected ace, expected winning of point, expected break, win probability, final score, expected number of points being scored by a specific player, expected number of rebounds per specific player, win probability, and final score prediction, depending on which sport is identified. 8. A system for generating a multi-modal prediction, comprising:
a processor; and a memory having programming instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by the processor, performs one or more operations, comprising: retrieving, by a computing system, data from a data store, the data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons; generating a predictive model using a mixture density network, by:
generating an input vector from the data, the input vector comprising one or more parameters associated with each play in the event data; and
learning, by the mixture density network, a plurality of values associated with a next play following each play in the event data, wherein the mixture density network is trained to output the plurality of values near simultaneously;
receiving a set of data directed to an event in a match, the set of data comprising information directed to at least playing surface position and current score; and generating, via the predictive model, a plurality of values associated with a next event following the event based on the set of data, wherein the plurality of values are determined near simultaneously. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
for each play in the event data, segmenting data corresponding thereto. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the data for each play in the event data comprises categorical features and continuous features. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
passing the categorical features through a respective embedding layer to create a dense representation of each categorical feature. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
concatenating the dense representation of each categorical feature with the continuous features to generate the input vector. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the input vector comprises a dense representation of playing surface position data and a raw representation of playing surface position data. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein generating, via the predictive model, the plurality of values associated with the next event following the event based on the set of data comprises:
generating an output vector comprising one or more of expected meters gained, expected play selection, likelihood of scoring on the next event, likelihood of scoring during a sequence of events comprising the next event, likelihood of winning the game, a scoreline prediction, expected goal, expected shot, expected foul/penalty, expected corner, win probability, and final score line, expected ace, expected winning of point, expected break, win probability, final score, expected number of points being scored by a specific player, expected number of rebounds per specific player, win probability, and final score prediction, depending on which sport is identified. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes:
retrieving, by a computing system, event data from a data store, the event data comprising information for a plurality of events across a plurality of seasons; generating, by the computing system, a predictive model using a mixture density network, by:
generating an input vector from the data, the input vector comprising one or more parameters associated with each play in the event data; and
learning, by the mixture density network, a plurality of values associated with a next play following each play in the event data, wherein the mixture density network is trained to output the plurality of values near simultaneously;
receiving, by the computing system, a set of data directed to an event in a match, the set of data comprising information directed to at least playing surface position and current score; and generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, a plurality of values associated with a next event following the event based on the set of data, wherein the plurality of values are determined near simultaneously. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
for each play in the event data, segmenting data corresponding thereto. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the data for each play in the event data comprises categorical features and continuous features. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein generating the input vector from the data, comprises:
passing the categorical features through a respective embedding layer to create a dense representation of each categorical feature. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, further comprising:
concatenating the dense representation of each categorical feature with the continuous features to generate the input vector. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein generating, by the computing system via the predictive model, the plurality of values associated with the next event following the event based on the set of data comprises:
generating an output vector comprising one or more of expected meters gained, expected play selection, likelihood of scoring on the next event, likelihood of scoring during a sequence of events comprising the next event, likelihood of winning the game, a scoreline prediction, expected goal, expected shot, expected foul/penalty, expected corner, win probability, and final score line, expected ace, expected winning of point, expected break, win probability, final score, expected number of points being scored by a specific player, expected number of rebounds per specific player, win probability, and final score prediction, depending on which sport is identified. | 3,700 |
346,455 | 16,804,931 | 3,771 | A skin growth excision apparatus, and methods of making and using such a skin growth excision apparatus, whereby the skin growth excision apparatus can include a base having opposing base upper and lower surfaces, an aperture element communicating between the base upper and lower surfaces, and a blade overlaying the base upper surface. The blade can be slidably engaged with the base to facilitate travel of the blade along a travel path over the aperture element, whereby the blade can excise a skin growth extending therethrough. | 1. A skin growth excision apparatus, comprising:
a base having opposing base upper and lower surfaces; an aperture element communicating between said base upper and lower surfaces; and a blade overlaying said base upper surface, said blade slidably engaged with said base to facilitate travel of said blade along a travel path over said aperture element. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a first adhesive coupled to said base lower surface. 3-4. (canceled) 5. The apparatus of claim 1, said aperture element comprising an open-sided aperture element. 6. (canceled) 7. The apparatus of claim 1, said aperture element comprising an aperture element terminal portion. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, said aperture element terminal portion comprising an arcuate configuration tapering toward a base second end of said base. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a projection upwardly extending from said base upper surface proximate said aperture element terminal portion. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, said projection comprising a projection face disposed toward said aperture element. 11-14. (canceled) 15. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a second adhesive coupled to said projection face. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, said projection face comprising an arcuate configuration tapering toward a base second end of said base. 17-20. (canceled) 21. The apparatus of claim 10, said projection excisable from said base by said blade. 22. The apparatus of claim 1, said blade including a blade edge positioned in non-perpendicular relation to said travel path. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, said blade edge disposed at an angle of not lesser than about 10° and not greater than about 80° relative to said travel path. 24-26. (canceled) 27. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a blade actuator fixedly coupled to said blade, said blade actuator configured to facilitate travel of said blade along said travel path in a first direction. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising an absorbent pad coupled to said blade actuator behind said blade. 29. (canceled) 30. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising a cover couplable to said base. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, said cover provided as a discrete component from said base prior to use of said apparatus. 32. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising a third adhesive disposed between said cover and said base upper surface. 33. (canceled) 34. The apparatus of claim 30, said cover slidably engaged with said blade actuator. 35-36. (canceled) 37. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising a protective layer disposed between said blade and said base, said protective layer including an opening extending therethrough. 38. (canceled) 39. The apparatus of claim 1, said blade sterile. 40-94. (canceled) | A skin growth excision apparatus, and methods of making and using such a skin growth excision apparatus, whereby the skin growth excision apparatus can include a base having opposing base upper and lower surfaces, an aperture element communicating between the base upper and lower surfaces, and a blade overlaying the base upper surface. The blade can be slidably engaged with the base to facilitate travel of the blade along a travel path over the aperture element, whereby the blade can excise a skin growth extending therethrough.1. A skin growth excision apparatus, comprising:
a base having opposing base upper and lower surfaces; an aperture element communicating between said base upper and lower surfaces; and a blade overlaying said base upper surface, said blade slidably engaged with said base to facilitate travel of said blade along a travel path over said aperture element. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a first adhesive coupled to said base lower surface. 3-4. (canceled) 5. The apparatus of claim 1, said aperture element comprising an open-sided aperture element. 6. (canceled) 7. The apparatus of claim 1, said aperture element comprising an aperture element terminal portion. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, said aperture element terminal portion comprising an arcuate configuration tapering toward a base second end of said base. 9. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a projection upwardly extending from said base upper surface proximate said aperture element terminal portion. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, said projection comprising a projection face disposed toward said aperture element. 11-14. (canceled) 15. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a second adhesive coupled to said projection face. 16. The apparatus of claim 10, said projection face comprising an arcuate configuration tapering toward a base second end of said base. 17-20. (canceled) 21. The apparatus of claim 10, said projection excisable from said base by said blade. 22. The apparatus of claim 1, said blade including a blade edge positioned in non-perpendicular relation to said travel path. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, said blade edge disposed at an angle of not lesser than about 10° and not greater than about 80° relative to said travel path. 24-26. (canceled) 27. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a blade actuator fixedly coupled to said blade, said blade actuator configured to facilitate travel of said blade along said travel path in a first direction. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising an absorbent pad coupled to said blade actuator behind said blade. 29. (canceled) 30. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising a cover couplable to said base. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, said cover provided as a discrete component from said base prior to use of said apparatus. 32. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising a third adhesive disposed between said cover and said base upper surface. 33. (canceled) 34. The apparatus of claim 30, said cover slidably engaged with said blade actuator. 35-36. (canceled) 37. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising a protective layer disposed between said blade and said base, said protective layer including an opening extending therethrough. 38. (canceled) 39. The apparatus of claim 1, said blade sterile. 40-94. (canceled) | 3,700 |
346,456 | 16,804,926 | 3,771 | The present invention relates to a solid phase pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) which is a compound of formula A1 or A2 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, wherein the API is not exposed to a basic compound. | 1. A solid phase pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) which is a compound of formula A1 or A2 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, wherein the API is not exposed to a basic compound: 2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein A is COOH. 3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the API is 1-{4-[1-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. 4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the API is 1-{4-[1-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid or a hemifumarate salt thereof. 5. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the API is in a mixture of materials which is free of basic compounds. 6. A solid phase pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein the API is in the form of particles having an X90 diameter of at least 8 μm. 7. A composition according to claim 6 wherein the particles have an X90 diameter of from 10 μm to 300 μm. 8. A composition claim 6 which is in unit dosage form and complies with the US Pharmacopeia, European Pharmacopeia and Japanese Pharmacopeia harmonised content uniformity requirements as in force on 1 Jan. 2011. 9. A solid phase pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein the API has a crystallinity of 80% or more. 10. A tablet comprising a compressed mixture consisting of 1-{4-[1-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more non-basic excipients, the 1-{4-[1-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salt being in the form of particles having an X90 diameter of from 10 μm to 200 μm. 11. A tablet according to claim 10, wherein the pharamaceutically acceptable salt is a hemifumarate salt. 12. A tablet according to claim 10, wherein said particles are at least 80% crystalline. 13. A tablet according to claim 10, wherein the compressed mixture includes a desiccant and is coated with a moisture barrier. | The present invention relates to a solid phase pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) which is a compound of formula A1 or A2 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, wherein the API is not exposed to a basic compound.1. A solid phase pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”) which is a compound of formula A1 or A2 or a pharmacologically acceptable salt, solvate or hydrate thereof, wherein the API is not exposed to a basic compound: 2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein A is COOH. 3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the API is 1-{4-[1-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. 4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the API is 1-{4-[1-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid or a hemifumarate salt thereof. 5. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the API is in a mixture of materials which is free of basic compounds. 6. A solid phase pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein the API is in the form of particles having an X90 diameter of at least 8 μm. 7. A composition according to claim 6 wherein the particles have an X90 diameter of from 10 μm to 300 μm. 8. A composition claim 6 which is in unit dosage form and complies with the US Pharmacopeia, European Pharmacopeia and Japanese Pharmacopeia harmonised content uniformity requirements as in force on 1 Jan. 2011. 9. A solid phase pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein the API has a crystallinity of 80% or more. 10. A tablet comprising a compressed mixture consisting of 1-{4-[1-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more non-basic excipients, the 1-{4-[1-(4-cyclohexyl-3-trifluoromethyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-2-ethyl-benzyl}-azetidine-3-carboxylic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salt being in the form of particles having an X90 diameter of from 10 μm to 200 μm. 11. A tablet according to claim 10, wherein the pharamaceutically acceptable salt is a hemifumarate salt. 12. A tablet according to claim 10, wherein said particles are at least 80% crystalline. 13. A tablet according to claim 10, wherein the compressed mixture includes a desiccant and is coated with a moisture barrier. | 3,700 |
346,457 | 16,804,904 | 3,771 | Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture, including computer program products, are provided for classification systems and methods using modeling. In some example embodiments, there is provided a system that includes at least one processor and at least one memory including program code which when executed by the at least one memory provides operations. The operations can include generating a representation of a sequence of sections of a file and/or determining, from a model including conditional probabilities, a probability for each transition between at least two sequential sections in the representation. The operations can further include classifying the file based on the probabilities for each transition. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one data processor; and memory including program code which, when executed by the at least one data processor, result in operations comprising:
generating a representation of a sequence of sections of a file;
determining, from a model including conditional probabilities that is trained using a land change modeler, a probability for each transition between at least two sequential sections in the representation; and
classifying the file based on the probabilities for each transition. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
preventing execution of the file, when the file is classified as a malicious file. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the malicious file comprises at least one of an adware file, a parasitic file, and a bad file. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the classifying comprises classifying the file as one or more of an adware file, a parasitic file, a bad file, a packed file, and a good file. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the conditional probabilities comprise measured probabilities that a first file section will be followed by a second file section. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the conditional probabilities are generated based on training files. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, from a second model including probabilities, a prior probability for a first section of the file occurring first, wherein classifying the file is further based on the prior probability. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the representation includes a string comprising a sequence of characters corresponding to the sequence of the sections of the file. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the sequence of characters in the string are generated such that each of the characters occurs in the same order as an order of the sections of the file. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the conditional probabilities are included in a matrix or dictionary stored in memory, and wherein determining the probabilities for each transition comprises retrieving, for each of the transitions, a corresponding conditional probability from the matrix or dictionary. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the conditional probabilities are generated based on Markov modeling. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the sections of the file comprise one or more of a MAC header, a DOS header, rich data, a portable executable header, code, data, import data, export data, an entry point, a beginning indication, and an end indication. 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating a plurality of representations of a plurality of files with a known classification;
processing transitions between sections in each of the plurality of files to generate a matrix or dictionary of the conditional probabilities;
comparing the plurality of files against the matrix or dictionary to generate a score range for the known classification; and
generating a score for the file based on the probabilities for each transition,
wherein classifying the file comprises classifying the file as belonging to the known classification when the score falls within the score range. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating a classification score based on a function of a product of the probabilities for each transition, wherein classifying the file is based on comparing the classification score against a score for one or more file classification types. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
comparing each transition against conditional probabilities for a plurality of different classifications to generate a plurality of classification scores; and classifying the file as belonging to one or more of the plurality of different classifications based on the plurality of classification scores. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, for each transition between more than two sequential portions, a probability of the transition between more than two sequential portions occurring in training files. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the representation comprises tokens, and wherein the tokens comprise one or more of a letter, a number, a symbol, and a programmatic class. 18. A system comprising:
at least one data processor; and memory including program code which, when executed by the at least one data processor, result in operations comprising:
generating a representation of a sequence of sections of a file, the sequence of the sections of the file are arranged according to a virtual ordering, the virtual ordering representing an order in which the sections of the file will occur in memory, the generated sequence of the sections of the file being different than an order in which at least a portion of the sections occur within the file when not executing;
determining, from a model including conditional probabilities, a probability for each transition between at least two sequential sections in the representation; and
classifying the file based on the probabilities for each transition. 19. A system as in claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
preventing execution of the file, when the file is classified as a malicious file. 20. A system, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory including program code which when executed by the at least one memory provides operations comprising:
receiving a representation of a sequence of sections of a file,
determining, using a trained stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which a probability of each event depends on a previous event, probability for each transition between at least two sequential sections in the representation;
classifying the file as malicious based on the probabilities for each transition; and
preventing execution of the file, when the file is classified as a malicious file | Systems, methods, and articles of manufacture, including computer program products, are provided for classification systems and methods using modeling. In some example embodiments, there is provided a system that includes at least one processor and at least one memory including program code which when executed by the at least one memory provides operations. The operations can include generating a representation of a sequence of sections of a file and/or determining, from a model including conditional probabilities, a probability for each transition between at least two sequential sections in the representation. The operations can further include classifying the file based on the probabilities for each transition.1. A system comprising:
at least one data processor; and memory including program code which, when executed by the at least one data processor, result in operations comprising:
generating a representation of a sequence of sections of a file;
determining, from a model including conditional probabilities that is trained using a land change modeler, a probability for each transition between at least two sequential sections in the representation; and
classifying the file based on the probabilities for each transition. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
preventing execution of the file, when the file is classified as a malicious file. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the malicious file comprises at least one of an adware file, a parasitic file, and a bad file. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the classifying comprises classifying the file as one or more of an adware file, a parasitic file, a bad file, a packed file, and a good file. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the conditional probabilities comprise measured probabilities that a first file section will be followed by a second file section. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the conditional probabilities are generated based on training files. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, from a second model including probabilities, a prior probability for a first section of the file occurring first, wherein classifying the file is further based on the prior probability. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the representation includes a string comprising a sequence of characters corresponding to the sequence of the sections of the file. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the sequence of characters in the string are generated such that each of the characters occurs in the same order as an order of the sections of the file. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the conditional probabilities are included in a matrix or dictionary stored in memory, and wherein determining the probabilities for each transition comprises retrieving, for each of the transitions, a corresponding conditional probability from the matrix or dictionary. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the conditional probabilities are generated based on Markov modeling. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the sections of the file comprise one or more of a MAC header, a DOS header, rich data, a portable executable header, code, data, import data, export data, an entry point, a beginning indication, and an end indication. 13. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
generating a plurality of representations of a plurality of files with a known classification;
processing transitions between sections in each of the plurality of files to generate a matrix or dictionary of the conditional probabilities;
comparing the plurality of files against the matrix or dictionary to generate a score range for the known classification; and
generating a score for the file based on the probabilities for each transition,
wherein classifying the file comprises classifying the file as belonging to the known classification when the score falls within the score range. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating a classification score based on a function of a product of the probabilities for each transition, wherein classifying the file is based on comparing the classification score against a score for one or more file classification types. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
comparing each transition against conditional probabilities for a plurality of different classifications to generate a plurality of classification scores; and classifying the file as belonging to one or more of the plurality of different classifications based on the plurality of classification scores. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining, for each transition between more than two sequential portions, a probability of the transition between more than two sequential portions occurring in training files. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the representation comprises tokens, and wherein the tokens comprise one or more of a letter, a number, a symbol, and a programmatic class. 18. A system comprising:
at least one data processor; and memory including program code which, when executed by the at least one data processor, result in operations comprising:
generating a representation of a sequence of sections of a file, the sequence of the sections of the file are arranged according to a virtual ordering, the virtual ordering representing an order in which the sections of the file will occur in memory, the generated sequence of the sections of the file being different than an order in which at least a portion of the sections occur within the file when not executing;
determining, from a model including conditional probabilities, a probability for each transition between at least two sequential sections in the representation; and
classifying the file based on the probabilities for each transition. 19. A system as in claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
preventing execution of the file, when the file is classified as a malicious file. 20. A system, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory including program code which when executed by the at least one memory provides operations comprising:
receiving a representation of a sequence of sections of a file,
determining, using a trained stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which a probability of each event depends on a previous event, probability for each transition between at least two sequential sections in the representation;
classifying the file as malicious based on the probabilities for each transition; and
preventing execution of the file, when the file is classified as a malicious file | 3,700 |
346,458 | 16,804,908 | 3,771 | The subject of the invention is a method and an apparatus for identifying the most likely tooth numbers lot all of the gems in a gearbox, on the basis of measured dynamic signals and the total ratio of the gearbox. A method uses a data obtained from a vibration measuring device delivered to a data acquisition device and a data delivered by a user to a computer device. The method has the step of processing data delivered by a user to the computer device, a step of calculating frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination for the first embodiment of the invention or of calculating frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination and a potential speed combination for the second embodiment of the invention a step of measuring the vibration signals and an angular displacement signal of the gearbox or only measuring the vibration signals, relative to the embodiments of the invention, a step of calculating a frequency spectrum from the measured data, a step of determining an amplitude of components of the frequency spectrum, a step of determining the tooth numbers in the gearbox by identifying which potential gear tooth combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spec:man at frequencies of characteristic features or of determining the tooth numbers and an improved speed estimate by identifying which potential gear tooth and a potential speed combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic feature and a step of presenting the tooth numbers in the gearbox in a computer device or presenting the tooth numbers in the gearbox and an improved speed estimate. | 1. A method for identifying gear tooth numbers in a gearbox using a data obtained from a vibration measuring device delivered to a data acquisition device and a data delivered by a user to a computer device, wherein the method comprises:
processing data delivered by a user to the computer device, where the data comprising a gearbox ratio and a number of stages of a gearbox for calculating a potential gear tooth combination in each stage of a gearbox, calculating frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination using the data delivered at said processing data, measuring the vibration signals and an angular displacement signal of the gearbox, calculating a frequency spectrum from the measured data delivered at said measuring, determining an amplitude of components, of the frequency spectrum delivered at said calculating a frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination delivered at said calculating frequencies of characteristic features, determining the tooth numbers in the gearbox by identifying which potential gear tooth combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features and presenting the tooth numbers in the gearbox in a computer device or in the output unit connected to the computer device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein at the processing data act all potential gear tooth combination are ranked according to a likelihood of being the true gear tooth combination. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein a part of the potential gear tooth combinations is disregarded or given a reduced likelihood weighting. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in said measuring the vibration and angular displacement signals are synchronized. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in said determining a summation of the vector of shaft order domain amplitude components given at the characteristic frequencies for each gear combination is calculated. 6. (canceled) 7. A method for identifying gear tooth numbers in a gearbox using a data obtained from a vibration measuring device delivered to a data acquisition device and a data delivered by a user to a computer device, wherein the method comprises:
preprocessing the data delivered by a user to the computer device where the data comprising a gearbox ratio, a number of stages of a gearbox, an initial estimated speed of the gears and a speed estimation accuracy for calculating a potential gear tooth and potential speed combination in each stage of a gearbox and a gearbox ratio for each stage, calculating frequencies of characteristic features for each potential gear tooth and potential speed combination using the data delivered at said preprocessing act, measuring the vibration signals of the gearbox, calculating a frequency spectrum from the measured data delivered at said measuring, determining an amplitude of components of the frequency spectrum delivered at said calculating a frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features for each potential gear tooth and potential speed combination delivered at said calculating frequencies, determining the tooth numbers in the gearbox and an improved speed estimate by identifying which potential gear tooth and potential speed combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features and presenting the tooth numbers in the gearbox and an improved speed estimate in a computer device or in the output unit connected to the computer device. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in said preprocessing the data all potential gear tooth combination are ranked according to a likelihood of being the true gear tooth combination. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein a part of potential gear tooth combination is disregarded or given a reduced likelihood weighting. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein in said determining the tooth numbers a summation of the vector of shaft order domain amplitude components given at the characteristic frequencies for each gear combination is calculated. 11. (canceled) 12. An apparatus for identifying gear tooth numbers in a gearbox comprises a vibration measuring device, equipped with a data acquisition unit, computer device and an output unit for executing comprising one of:
process data delivered by a user to the computer device, where the data comprising a gearbox ratio and a number of stages of a gearbox for calculating a potential gear tooth combination in each stage of a gearbox, calculate frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination using the data delivered at said processing data,
measure the vibration signals and an angular displacement signal of the gearbox, calculate a frequency spectrum from the measured data delivered at said measuring,
determine an amplitude of components of the frequency spectrum delivered at said calculating a frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination delivered at said calculating frequencies of characteristic features,
determine the tooth numbers in the gearbox by identifying which potential gear tooth combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features and
present the tooth numbers in the gearbox in a computer device or in the output unit connected to the computer device, or
preprocess the data delivered by a user to the computer device where the data comprising a gearbox ratio and a number of stages of a gearbox, an initial estimated speed of the gears and a speed estimation accuracy for calculating a potential gear tooth and potential speed combination in each stage of a gearbox and a gearbox ratio for each stage, calculate frequencies of characteristic features for each potential gear tooth and potential speed combination using the data delivered at said preprocessing act, measure the vibration signals of the gearbox, calculate a frequency spectrum from the measured data delivered at, said measuring, determine an amplitude of components of the frequency spectrum delivered at said calculating a frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features for each potential gear tooth and potential speed combination delivered at said calculating frequencies, determine the tooth numbers in the gearbox and an improved speed estimate by identifying which potential gear tooth and potential speed combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features and present the tooth numbers in the gearbox and an improved speed estimate in a computer device or in the output unit connected to the computer device. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the data acquisition unit and/or an output unit are placed in a computer device. | The subject of the invention is a method and an apparatus for identifying the most likely tooth numbers lot all of the gems in a gearbox, on the basis of measured dynamic signals and the total ratio of the gearbox. A method uses a data obtained from a vibration measuring device delivered to a data acquisition device and a data delivered by a user to a computer device. The method has the step of processing data delivered by a user to the computer device, a step of calculating frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination for the first embodiment of the invention or of calculating frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination and a potential speed combination for the second embodiment of the invention a step of measuring the vibration signals and an angular displacement signal of the gearbox or only measuring the vibration signals, relative to the embodiments of the invention, a step of calculating a frequency spectrum from the measured data, a step of determining an amplitude of components of the frequency spectrum, a step of determining the tooth numbers in the gearbox by identifying which potential gear tooth combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spec:man at frequencies of characteristic features or of determining the tooth numbers and an improved speed estimate by identifying which potential gear tooth and a potential speed combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic feature and a step of presenting the tooth numbers in the gearbox in a computer device or presenting the tooth numbers in the gearbox and an improved speed estimate.1. A method for identifying gear tooth numbers in a gearbox using a data obtained from a vibration measuring device delivered to a data acquisition device and a data delivered by a user to a computer device, wherein the method comprises:
processing data delivered by a user to the computer device, where the data comprising a gearbox ratio and a number of stages of a gearbox for calculating a potential gear tooth combination in each stage of a gearbox, calculating frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination using the data delivered at said processing data, measuring the vibration signals and an angular displacement signal of the gearbox, calculating a frequency spectrum from the measured data delivered at said measuring, determining an amplitude of components, of the frequency spectrum delivered at said calculating a frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination delivered at said calculating frequencies of characteristic features, determining the tooth numbers in the gearbox by identifying which potential gear tooth combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features and presenting the tooth numbers in the gearbox in a computer device or in the output unit connected to the computer device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein at the processing data act all potential gear tooth combination are ranked according to a likelihood of being the true gear tooth combination. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein a part of the potential gear tooth combinations is disregarded or given a reduced likelihood weighting. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in said measuring the vibration and angular displacement signals are synchronized. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in said determining a summation of the vector of shaft order domain amplitude components given at the characteristic frequencies for each gear combination is calculated. 6. (canceled) 7. A method for identifying gear tooth numbers in a gearbox using a data obtained from a vibration measuring device delivered to a data acquisition device and a data delivered by a user to a computer device, wherein the method comprises:
preprocessing the data delivered by a user to the computer device where the data comprising a gearbox ratio, a number of stages of a gearbox, an initial estimated speed of the gears and a speed estimation accuracy for calculating a potential gear tooth and potential speed combination in each stage of a gearbox and a gearbox ratio for each stage, calculating frequencies of characteristic features for each potential gear tooth and potential speed combination using the data delivered at said preprocessing act, measuring the vibration signals of the gearbox, calculating a frequency spectrum from the measured data delivered at said measuring, determining an amplitude of components of the frequency spectrum delivered at said calculating a frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features for each potential gear tooth and potential speed combination delivered at said calculating frequencies, determining the tooth numbers in the gearbox and an improved speed estimate by identifying which potential gear tooth and potential speed combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features and presenting the tooth numbers in the gearbox and an improved speed estimate in a computer device or in the output unit connected to the computer device. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in said preprocessing the data all potential gear tooth combination are ranked according to a likelihood of being the true gear tooth combination. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein a part of potential gear tooth combination is disregarded or given a reduced likelihood weighting. 10. The method according to claim 7, wherein in said determining the tooth numbers a summation of the vector of shaft order domain amplitude components given at the characteristic frequencies for each gear combination is calculated. 11. (canceled) 12. An apparatus for identifying gear tooth numbers in a gearbox comprises a vibration measuring device, equipped with a data acquisition unit, computer device and an output unit for executing comprising one of:
process data delivered by a user to the computer device, where the data comprising a gearbox ratio and a number of stages of a gearbox for calculating a potential gear tooth combination in each stage of a gearbox, calculate frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination using the data delivered at said processing data,
measure the vibration signals and an angular displacement signal of the gearbox, calculate a frequency spectrum from the measured data delivered at said measuring,
determine an amplitude of components of the frequency spectrum delivered at said calculating a frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features for each potential tooth combination delivered at said calculating frequencies of characteristic features,
determine the tooth numbers in the gearbox by identifying which potential gear tooth combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features and
present the tooth numbers in the gearbox in a computer device or in the output unit connected to the computer device, or
preprocess the data delivered by a user to the computer device where the data comprising a gearbox ratio and a number of stages of a gearbox, an initial estimated speed of the gears and a speed estimation accuracy for calculating a potential gear tooth and potential speed combination in each stage of a gearbox and a gearbox ratio for each stage, calculate frequencies of characteristic features for each potential gear tooth and potential speed combination using the data delivered at said preprocessing act, measure the vibration signals of the gearbox, calculate a frequency spectrum from the measured data delivered at, said measuring, determine an amplitude of components of the frequency spectrum delivered at said calculating a frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features for each potential gear tooth and potential speed combination delivered at said calculating frequencies, determine the tooth numbers in the gearbox and an improved speed estimate by identifying which potential gear tooth and potential speed combination maximizes the amplitudes of the components of the frequency spectrum at frequencies of characteristic features and present the tooth numbers in the gearbox and an improved speed estimate in a computer device or in the output unit connected to the computer device. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the data acquisition unit and/or an output unit are placed in a computer device. | 3,700 |
346,459 | 16,804,900 | 3,771 | This invention provides methods of preventing or treating cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mammalian subject. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to a subject in need thereof, wherein the peptide is D-Arg-2 6-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (SS-31). | 1. A method for treating a vessel occlusion injury in a mammalian subject, the method comprising: (a) administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the peptide D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (b) performing a revascularization procedure on the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is administered the peptide prior to the revascularization procedure. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is administered the peptide after the revascularization procedure. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is administered the peptide during and after the revascularization procedure. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is administered the peptide continuously before, during, and after the revascularization procedure. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the subject is administered the peptide for at least 3 hours after the revascularization procedure. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the subject is administered the peptide starting at about 1 hour before the revascularization procedure. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the subject is administered the peptide starting at about 30 minutes before the revascularization procedure. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is suffering from a myocardial infarction. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is suffering from a ST elevation myocardial infarction or a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is in need of angioplasty. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the revascularization procedure is selected from the group consisting of: balloon angioplasty; insertion of a stent; percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; or directional coronary atherectomy. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the revascularization procedure is removal of the occlusion. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the revascularization procedure is administration of one or more thrombolytic agents. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more thrombolytic agents are selected from the group consisting of: tissue plasminogen activator; urokinase; prourokinase; streptokinase; acylated form of plasminogen; acylated form of plasmin; and acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex. 16. The method of claim 1, where in the vessel occlusion is a cardiac vessel occlusion, an intracranial vessel occlusion or a renal vessel occlusion. 17-18. (canceled) 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the vessel occlusion is selected from the group consisting of: deep venous thrombosis; peripheral thrombosis; embolic thrombosis; hepatic vein thrombosis; sinus thrombosis; venous thrombosis; an occluded arterio-venal shunt; and an occluded catheter device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the levels of one or more of CK-MB, troponin, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are reduced in a subject administered the peptide relative to a comparable subject undergoing a revascularization procedure, but not administered the peptide. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the incidence of re-infarction, congestive heart failure, repeat revascularization procedure, renal failure or death in the hospital following the revascularization procedure are reduced in a subject administered the peptide relative to a comparable subject undergoing a revascularization procedure, but not administered the peptide. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, death, cardiac death, or the development of congestive heart failure within 6 months following the revascularization procedure are reduced in a subject administered the peptide relative to a comparable subject undergoing a revascularization procedure, but not administered the peptide. | This invention provides methods of preventing or treating cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mammalian subject. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to a subject in need thereof, wherein the peptide is D-Arg-2 6-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 (SS-31).1. A method for treating a vessel occlusion injury in a mammalian subject, the method comprising: (a) administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the peptide D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (b) performing a revascularization procedure on the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is administered the peptide prior to the revascularization procedure. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is administered the peptide after the revascularization procedure. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is administered the peptide during and after the revascularization procedure. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is administered the peptide continuously before, during, and after the revascularization procedure. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the subject is administered the peptide for at least 3 hours after the revascularization procedure. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the subject is administered the peptide starting at about 1 hour before the revascularization procedure. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein the subject is administered the peptide starting at about 30 minutes before the revascularization procedure. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is suffering from a myocardial infarction. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is suffering from a ST elevation myocardial infarction or a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is in need of angioplasty. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the revascularization procedure is selected from the group consisting of: balloon angioplasty; insertion of a stent; percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; or directional coronary atherectomy. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the revascularization procedure is removal of the occlusion. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the revascularization procedure is administration of one or more thrombolytic agents. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more thrombolytic agents are selected from the group consisting of: tissue plasminogen activator; urokinase; prourokinase; streptokinase; acylated form of plasminogen; acylated form of plasmin; and acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex. 16. The method of claim 1, where in the vessel occlusion is a cardiac vessel occlusion, an intracranial vessel occlusion or a renal vessel occlusion. 17-18. (canceled) 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the vessel occlusion is selected from the group consisting of: deep venous thrombosis; peripheral thrombosis; embolic thrombosis; hepatic vein thrombosis; sinus thrombosis; venous thrombosis; an occluded arterio-venal shunt; and an occluded catheter device. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the levels of one or more of CK-MB, troponin, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are reduced in a subject administered the peptide relative to a comparable subject undergoing a revascularization procedure, but not administered the peptide. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the incidence of re-infarction, congestive heart failure, repeat revascularization procedure, renal failure or death in the hospital following the revascularization procedure are reduced in a subject administered the peptide relative to a comparable subject undergoing a revascularization procedure, but not administered the peptide. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, death, cardiac death, or the development of congestive heart failure within 6 months following the revascularization procedure are reduced in a subject administered the peptide relative to a comparable subject undergoing a revascularization procedure, but not administered the peptide. | 3,700 |
346,460 | 16,804,916 | 3,771 | A punching bag with multiple strike targets features a punching bag body, a plurality of cutouts, and a plurality of strike targets, the punching bag body extending between an upper end and a lower end. The plurality of cutouts traverse into the punching bag body and provide spaces within which the plurality of strike targets are connected. An upper strike target is positioned within an upper cutout, representing an opponent's head, and a lower strike target is positioned within a lower cutout, representing an opponent's midsection. The punching bag body may be hung from an elevated mounting point by a plurality of straps connected to the upper end of the punching bag body, or the punching bag body may be supported above a floor or other surface by a base connected to the lower end of the punching bag body. | 1. A punching bag with multiple strike targets comprising:
a punching bag body comprising a lateral wall extending between an upper end and a lower end; a plurality of cutouts; a plurality of strike targets; each of the plurality of cutouts traversing into the punching bag body; and each of the plurality of strike targets being connected to the punching bag body and positioned within one of the plurality of cutouts. 2. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the plurality of cutouts comprising an upper cutout and a lower cutout;
the plurality of strike targets comprising an upper strike target and a lower strike target;
the upper strike target being positioned within the upper cutout; and
the lower strike target being positioned within the lower cutout. 3. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the plurality of cutouts comprising a first upper cutout, a second upper cutout, a first lower cutout, and a second lower cutout;
the plurality of strike targets comprising a first upper strike target, a second upper strike target, a first lower strike target, and a second lower strike target;
the first upper cutout and the second upper cutout being positioned laterally opposite each other along the punching bag body;
the first lower cutout and the second lower cutout being positioned laterally opposite each other along the punching bag body;
the first upper strike target being positioned within the first upper cutout;
the second upper strike target being positioned within the second upper cutout;
the first lower strike target being positioned within the first lower cutout; and
the second lower strike target being positioned within the second lower cutout. 4. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
each of the plurality of cutouts laterally traversing through the punching bag body, wherein each of the plurality of cutouts comprises a specified lateral cross-section. 5. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 4 comprising:
the specified lateral cross-section being delineated by a curved surface, a posterior surface, and an upper surface;
the curved surface traversing from the lateral wall laterally inward and toward the upper end;
the posterior surface traversing between the curved surface and the upper end; and
the upper surface traversing between the posterior surface and the lateral wall. 6. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 5 comprising:
each of the plurality of strike targets being connected to the posterior surface of one of the plurality of cutouts adjacent to the upper surface. 7. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 5 comprising:
each of the plurality of strike targets being connected to the upper surface of one of the plurality of cutouts adjacent to the posterior surface. 8. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a plurality of straps extending between a proximal end and a distal end;
at least one hanging connector;
the proximal end of each of the plurality of straps being externally connected to the punching bag body adjacent to the upper end; and
the distal end of each of the plurality of straps being connected to one of the at least one hanging connector. 9. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
a reinforcing strip; and
the reinforcing strip being concentrically connected to the punching bag body adjacent to the upper end around the plurality of straps, wherein the proximal end of each of the plurality of straps is positioned between the punching bag body and the reinforcing strip. 10. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a base; and
the punching bag body being connected to the base at the lower end. 11. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a base; and
the punching bag body being concentrically connected atop the base. 12. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a plurality of anchor shackles; and
the plurality of anchor shackles being externally and hingedly connected to the base. 13. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the punching bag body further comprising a central cavity;
a bag support member;
the central cavity traversing through the lower end of the punching bag body;
the bag support member being centrally connected atop the base; and
the bag support member being positioned within the central cavity. 14. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 13 comprising:
a swing stop;
at least one swing clip;
the swing stop being concentrically connected around the bag support member;
the swing stop being positioned between the upper end and the lower end;
the at least one swing clip being internally connected to the punching bag body adjacent to the central cavity; and
the at least one swing clip being engaged with the swing stop, wherein the swing stop prevents the punching bag body from rotating about the bag support member beyond a desired angular range. 15. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 14 comprising:
the swing stop comprising an annular outer member and at least one pair of stopping members;
each of the at least one pair of stopping members being connected between the bag support member and the annular outer member; and
each of the at least one swing clip being positioned between one of the at least one pair of stopping members, wherein each pair of stopping members is separated from each other by the specified angular range. 16. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a wall mount frame;
the punching bag body being connected adjacent to the wall mount frame; and
each of the plurality of cutouts being positioned opposite the wall mount frame on the punching bag body. 17. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 16 comprising:
the punching bag body comprising an upper body portion and a lower body portion;
the wall mount frame comprising an upper mount portion and a lower mount portion;
the upper body portion being connected to the upper mount portion;
the lower body portion being connected to the lower mount portion;
the upper cutout being positioned on the upper body portion; and
the lower cutout being positioned on the lower body portion. 18. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a plurality of handles; and
the plurality of handles being connected to the punching bag body opposite the plurality of cutouts. | A punching bag with multiple strike targets features a punching bag body, a plurality of cutouts, and a plurality of strike targets, the punching bag body extending between an upper end and a lower end. The plurality of cutouts traverse into the punching bag body and provide spaces within which the plurality of strike targets are connected. An upper strike target is positioned within an upper cutout, representing an opponent's head, and a lower strike target is positioned within a lower cutout, representing an opponent's midsection. The punching bag body may be hung from an elevated mounting point by a plurality of straps connected to the upper end of the punching bag body, or the punching bag body may be supported above a floor or other surface by a base connected to the lower end of the punching bag body.1. A punching bag with multiple strike targets comprising:
a punching bag body comprising a lateral wall extending between an upper end and a lower end; a plurality of cutouts; a plurality of strike targets; each of the plurality of cutouts traversing into the punching bag body; and each of the plurality of strike targets being connected to the punching bag body and positioned within one of the plurality of cutouts. 2. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the plurality of cutouts comprising an upper cutout and a lower cutout;
the plurality of strike targets comprising an upper strike target and a lower strike target;
the upper strike target being positioned within the upper cutout; and
the lower strike target being positioned within the lower cutout. 3. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the plurality of cutouts comprising a first upper cutout, a second upper cutout, a first lower cutout, and a second lower cutout;
the plurality of strike targets comprising a first upper strike target, a second upper strike target, a first lower strike target, and a second lower strike target;
the first upper cutout and the second upper cutout being positioned laterally opposite each other along the punching bag body;
the first lower cutout and the second lower cutout being positioned laterally opposite each other along the punching bag body;
the first upper strike target being positioned within the first upper cutout;
the second upper strike target being positioned within the second upper cutout;
the first lower strike target being positioned within the first lower cutout; and
the second lower strike target being positioned within the second lower cutout. 4. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
each of the plurality of cutouts laterally traversing through the punching bag body, wherein each of the plurality of cutouts comprises a specified lateral cross-section. 5. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 4 comprising:
the specified lateral cross-section being delineated by a curved surface, a posterior surface, and an upper surface;
the curved surface traversing from the lateral wall laterally inward and toward the upper end;
the posterior surface traversing between the curved surface and the upper end; and
the upper surface traversing between the posterior surface and the lateral wall. 6. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 5 comprising:
each of the plurality of strike targets being connected to the posterior surface of one of the plurality of cutouts adjacent to the upper surface. 7. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 5 comprising:
each of the plurality of strike targets being connected to the upper surface of one of the plurality of cutouts adjacent to the posterior surface. 8. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a plurality of straps extending between a proximal end and a distal end;
at least one hanging connector;
the proximal end of each of the plurality of straps being externally connected to the punching bag body adjacent to the upper end; and
the distal end of each of the plurality of straps being connected to one of the at least one hanging connector. 9. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 8 comprising:
a reinforcing strip; and
the reinforcing strip being concentrically connected to the punching bag body adjacent to the upper end around the plurality of straps, wherein the proximal end of each of the plurality of straps is positioned between the punching bag body and the reinforcing strip. 10. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a base; and
the punching bag body being connected to the base at the lower end. 11. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a base; and
the punching bag body being concentrically connected atop the base. 12. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a plurality of anchor shackles; and
the plurality of anchor shackles being externally and hingedly connected to the base. 13. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
the punching bag body further comprising a central cavity;
a bag support member;
the central cavity traversing through the lower end of the punching bag body;
the bag support member being centrally connected atop the base; and
the bag support member being positioned within the central cavity. 14. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 13 comprising:
a swing stop;
at least one swing clip;
the swing stop being concentrically connected around the bag support member;
the swing stop being positioned between the upper end and the lower end;
the at least one swing clip being internally connected to the punching bag body adjacent to the central cavity; and
the at least one swing clip being engaged with the swing stop, wherein the swing stop prevents the punching bag body from rotating about the bag support member beyond a desired angular range. 15. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 14 comprising:
the swing stop comprising an annular outer member and at least one pair of stopping members;
each of the at least one pair of stopping members being connected between the bag support member and the annular outer member; and
each of the at least one swing clip being positioned between one of the at least one pair of stopping members, wherein each pair of stopping members is separated from each other by the specified angular range. 16. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a wall mount frame;
the punching bag body being connected adjacent to the wall mount frame; and
each of the plurality of cutouts being positioned opposite the wall mount frame on the punching bag body. 17. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 16 comprising:
the punching bag body comprising an upper body portion and a lower body portion;
the wall mount frame comprising an upper mount portion and a lower mount portion;
the upper body portion being connected to the upper mount portion;
the lower body portion being connected to the lower mount portion;
the upper cutout being positioned on the upper body portion; and
the lower cutout being positioned on the lower body portion. 18. The punching bag with multiple strike targets as claimed in claim 1 comprising:
a plurality of handles; and
the plurality of handles being connected to the punching bag body opposite the plurality of cutouts. | 3,700 |
346,461 | 16,804,910 | 3,771 | A guide device (1) for a cooling fluid flowing around winding heads (28) of an electrical machine (21), including a body (2), with a recess (4) delimited by an inner edge (3) for guiding through a shaft of the electrical machine (21), and a guide element (5), which protrudes from the body (2) in the axial direction and extends in the peripheral direction in a radial position lying between the inner edge (3) and an outer edge (6) of the body (2). | 1. A guide device (1) for a cooling fluid flowing around winding heads (28) of an electrical machine (21), comprising
a body (2), with a recess (4) delimited by an inner edge (3) for guiding through a shaft of the electrical machine (21), and a guide element (5), which protrudes from the body (2) in the axial direction and extends in the peripheral direction in a radial position lying between the inner edge (3) and an outer edge (6) of the body (2). 2. The guide device according to claim 1, further comprising
a second guide element (7), which protrudes from the body (2) in the axial direction and extends in the peripheral direction in a second radial position lying between the first radial position and the outer edge (6) of the body (2). 3. The guide device according to claim 2, wherein
the centres (17, 18) in the peripheral direction of the guide elements (5, 7) are arranged so as to be connectable by a line (19) traversing the centre point (20) of the recess (4). 4. The guide device according to claim 2, wherein
an outlet opening (11) for the cooling fluid is formed in the region of the centre (18) in the peripheral direction of the second guide element (7). 5. The guide device according to claim 4, wherein
the second guide element (7) has a radial indentation (12), which opens into the outlet opening (11) formed in the body (2). 6. The guide device according to claim 2, wherein
the first guide element (5) and the second guide element (7) form one or two overlap region(s) (16 a, 16 b) extending in the peripheral direction. 7. The guide device according to claim 1, wherein
a radially outwardly pointing elevation (13) is formed at the free end of the first guide element (5) and/or a radially inwardly pointing elevation (14) is formed at the free end of the second guide element (7). 8. The guide device according to claim 1,
which is formed from a plastics material. 9. An electrical machine (21), comprising a stator (22) having stator windings (27) and a guide device (1) according to claim 1 arranged on an end face, wherein the first guide element (5) is arranged inside of the winding heads (28) of the stator windings (27) in the radial direction. 10. The electrical machine according to claim 9, wherein the guide device further comprises a second guide element (7), which protrudes from the body (2) in the axial direction and extends in the peripheral direction in a second radial position lying between the first radial position and the outer edge (6) of the body (2), and the second guide element (7) is arranged outside of the winding heads (28) in the radial direction. 11. The electrical machine according to claim 9, also comprising
a rotor (23) arranged inside the stator (22) so as to form an air gap (24), wherein a radially outermost portion is positioned at the free end of the first guide element (5) radially further outwardly than the air gap (24). 12. The electrical machine according to claim 9, also comprising
a coolant feed (29), which is arranged in such a way that the cooling fluid is conducted to the first guide element (5) in order to flow around the first guide element in the peripheral direction. 13. The electrical machine according to claim 9, wherein
the guide device (1) is secured to an end plate (26) of the electrical machine (21). 14. The electrical machine according to claim 9, wherein
the stator windings (27) are formed as hairpin windings. | A guide device (1) for a cooling fluid flowing around winding heads (28) of an electrical machine (21), including a body (2), with a recess (4) delimited by an inner edge (3) for guiding through a shaft of the electrical machine (21), and a guide element (5), which protrudes from the body (2) in the axial direction and extends in the peripheral direction in a radial position lying between the inner edge (3) and an outer edge (6) of the body (2).1. A guide device (1) for a cooling fluid flowing around winding heads (28) of an electrical machine (21), comprising
a body (2), with a recess (4) delimited by an inner edge (3) for guiding through a shaft of the electrical machine (21), and a guide element (5), which protrudes from the body (2) in the axial direction and extends in the peripheral direction in a radial position lying between the inner edge (3) and an outer edge (6) of the body (2). 2. The guide device according to claim 1, further comprising
a second guide element (7), which protrudes from the body (2) in the axial direction and extends in the peripheral direction in a second radial position lying between the first radial position and the outer edge (6) of the body (2). 3. The guide device according to claim 2, wherein
the centres (17, 18) in the peripheral direction of the guide elements (5, 7) are arranged so as to be connectable by a line (19) traversing the centre point (20) of the recess (4). 4. The guide device according to claim 2, wherein
an outlet opening (11) for the cooling fluid is formed in the region of the centre (18) in the peripheral direction of the second guide element (7). 5. The guide device according to claim 4, wherein
the second guide element (7) has a radial indentation (12), which opens into the outlet opening (11) formed in the body (2). 6. The guide device according to claim 2, wherein
the first guide element (5) and the second guide element (7) form one or two overlap region(s) (16 a, 16 b) extending in the peripheral direction. 7. The guide device according to claim 1, wherein
a radially outwardly pointing elevation (13) is formed at the free end of the first guide element (5) and/or a radially inwardly pointing elevation (14) is formed at the free end of the second guide element (7). 8. The guide device according to claim 1,
which is formed from a plastics material. 9. An electrical machine (21), comprising a stator (22) having stator windings (27) and a guide device (1) according to claim 1 arranged on an end face, wherein the first guide element (5) is arranged inside of the winding heads (28) of the stator windings (27) in the radial direction. 10. The electrical machine according to claim 9, wherein the guide device further comprises a second guide element (7), which protrudes from the body (2) in the axial direction and extends in the peripheral direction in a second radial position lying between the first radial position and the outer edge (6) of the body (2), and the second guide element (7) is arranged outside of the winding heads (28) in the radial direction. 11. The electrical machine according to claim 9, also comprising
a rotor (23) arranged inside the stator (22) so as to form an air gap (24), wherein a radially outermost portion is positioned at the free end of the first guide element (5) radially further outwardly than the air gap (24). 12. The electrical machine according to claim 9, also comprising
a coolant feed (29), which is arranged in such a way that the cooling fluid is conducted to the first guide element (5) in order to flow around the first guide element in the peripheral direction. 13. The electrical machine according to claim 9, wherein
the guide device (1) is secured to an end plate (26) of the electrical machine (21). 14. The electrical machine according to claim 9, wherein
the stator windings (27) are formed as hairpin windings. | 3,700 |
346,462 | 16,804,853 | 3,771 | A robotic system for arranging packages at a destination in a specified arrangement. The robotic system processes incoming packages, stores the packages in a temporary storage area, executes a simulate function to generate or update a simulated stacking plan, determines the occurrence of a palletizing trigger, and places the packages on the pallet according to the simulated stacking plan upon determining the occurrence of the palletizing trigger. The palletizing trigger can be one of a time limit trigger, a uniform layer trigger, a storage capacity trigger, or receiving a placement initiation command. | 1. A method for operating a robotic system, the method comprising:
determining dimension information representing physical dimensions of a package received at a start location for placement on a platform; implementing a plan for placing the package in a storage area different from the platform; generating or updating a simulated stacking plan for placing one or more packages currently stored in the storage area onto the platform; determining, following placement of the package in the storage area, the occurrence of at least one palletizing trigger, wherein the at least one palletizing trigger includes a storage capacity trigger indicating that a number of packages currently stored in the storage area exceeds a storage capacity threshold; and in response to determining the occurrence of the at least one palletizing trigger, implementing the simulated stacking plan. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating or updating the simulated stacking plan includes generating or updating the simulated stacking plan to achieve a uniform packing layer using the one or more packages such that a top surface the uniform package layer is of the same height. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the simulated packing plan to achieve the uniform packing layer includes generating the uniform packing layer as a single layer of the one or more packages such that a package height of each of the one or more packages is the same. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the simulated packing plan to achieve the uniform packing layer includes generating the uniform packing layer as a combination layer that includes a combination of a single unstacked package placed alongside a stack of two or more packages, wherein a package height of the single unstacked package is equivalent to a sum of package heights of the two or more packages in the stack. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein generating or updating the simulated stacking plan to achieve the uniform packing layer of the packages includes meeting a stacking surface area requirement. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the stacking surface area requirement includes a combined area requirement that specifies a minimum combined horizontal area of the top surface of the uniform packing layer. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the stacking surface area requirement includes a package spacing requirement that specifies a maximum spacing between packages forming the top surface of the uniform packing layer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one palletizing trigger further includes a uniform layer trigger indicating that the simulated stacking plan has achieved a uniform package layer that meets a stacking surface area requirement. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one palletizing trigger further includes a time limit trigger indicating that a unit idle time and/or a total operation time of the transfer unit has exceeded an operation time threshold. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one palletizing trigger further includes a placement initiation command trigger indicating that a placement initiation command has been received from a source external to the robotic system. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein generating or updating the simulated stacking plan includes generating or updating the simulated stacking plan for placement of every package currently in the storage area in response to determining the occurrence of the placement initiation command trigger. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more packages include all of the packages currently stored in the storage area, and wherein generating or updating the simulated stacking plan includes generating or updating the simulated stacking plan (i) upon determining the occurrence of the storage capacity trigger and (ii) according to a palletizing criterion. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the palletizing criterion includes a volumetric packing efficiency for placing the packages on the platform. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the palletizing criterion includes an expected number of the packages for placing the packages on the platform. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the palletizing criterion includes a maximum stackable height for placing the packages on the platform. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein generating or updating the simulated stacking plan includes:
generating or updating a two-dimensional (2D) placement plan, wherein the 2D placement plan represents a 2D mapping of the one or more packages along a horizontal plane of the platform, and converting multiple instances of the 2D placement plan into a three-dimensional (3D) mapping of the one or more packages, wherein the 3D mapping is representative of an arrangement of the one or more packages in multiple layers on the platform, each layer being above another layer and having a corresponding instance of the 2D placement plan. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
determining a stacking sequence identification (ID) for each of the one or more packages based on the simulated stacking plan, wherein the stacking sequence ID is for identifying a placing order for each of the one or more packages on the platform,
wherein implementing the simulated packing plan includes placing each of the one or more packages on the platform according to a respective stacking sequence ID. 18. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
implementing a plan for regulating a speed of a conveyor unit, wherein the conveyor unit transports the package to the start location for placement on the platform. 19. A tangible, non-transient computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, the instructions comprising:
instructions for determining dimension information representing physical dimensions of a package received at a start location for placement on a platform, instructions for implementing a plan for placing the package in a storage area separate from the platform, instructions for updating or generating a simulated stacking plan for placing one or more packages currently stored in the storage area onto the platform; instructions for determining, following placement of the package in the storage area, the occurrence of a palletizing trigger, wherein the palletizing trigger includes a storage capacity trigger that indicates that a number of packages currently stored in the storage area exceeds a storage capacity threshold; and instructions for implementing the simulated stacking plan based at least in part on the occurrence of the palletizing trigger. 20. A robotic system comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory device connected to the at least one processor and having stored thereon instructions executable by the processor to:
determine dimension information representing physical dimensions of a package received at a start location for placement on a platform,
implement a plan for placing the package in a storage area different than the platform,
generate or update a simulated stacking plan for placing one or more packages currently stored in the storage area onto the platform,
determine, following placement of the package in the storage area, the occurrence of a palletizing trigger, wherein the palletizing trigger includes a storage capacity trigger that indicates that a number of packages currently stored in the storage area exceeds a storage capacity threshold; and
in response to determining the occurrence of the palletizing trigger, implement the simulated stacking plan. | A robotic system for arranging packages at a destination in a specified arrangement. The robotic system processes incoming packages, stores the packages in a temporary storage area, executes a simulate function to generate or update a simulated stacking plan, determines the occurrence of a palletizing trigger, and places the packages on the pallet according to the simulated stacking plan upon determining the occurrence of the palletizing trigger. The palletizing trigger can be one of a time limit trigger, a uniform layer trigger, a storage capacity trigger, or receiving a placement initiation command.1. A method for operating a robotic system, the method comprising:
determining dimension information representing physical dimensions of a package received at a start location for placement on a platform; implementing a plan for placing the package in a storage area different from the platform; generating or updating a simulated stacking plan for placing one or more packages currently stored in the storage area onto the platform; determining, following placement of the package in the storage area, the occurrence of at least one palletizing trigger, wherein the at least one palletizing trigger includes a storage capacity trigger indicating that a number of packages currently stored in the storage area exceeds a storage capacity threshold; and in response to determining the occurrence of the at least one palletizing trigger, implementing the simulated stacking plan. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating or updating the simulated stacking plan includes generating or updating the simulated stacking plan to achieve a uniform packing layer using the one or more packages such that a top surface the uniform package layer is of the same height. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the simulated packing plan to achieve the uniform packing layer includes generating the uniform packing layer as a single layer of the one or more packages such that a package height of each of the one or more packages is the same. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein generating the simulated packing plan to achieve the uniform packing layer includes generating the uniform packing layer as a combination layer that includes a combination of a single unstacked package placed alongside a stack of two or more packages, wherein a package height of the single unstacked package is equivalent to a sum of package heights of the two or more packages in the stack. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein generating or updating the simulated stacking plan to achieve the uniform packing layer of the packages includes meeting a stacking surface area requirement. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the stacking surface area requirement includes a combined area requirement that specifies a minimum combined horizontal area of the top surface of the uniform packing layer. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the stacking surface area requirement includes a package spacing requirement that specifies a maximum spacing between packages forming the top surface of the uniform packing layer. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one palletizing trigger further includes a uniform layer trigger indicating that the simulated stacking plan has achieved a uniform package layer that meets a stacking surface area requirement. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one palletizing trigger further includes a time limit trigger indicating that a unit idle time and/or a total operation time of the transfer unit has exceeded an operation time threshold. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one palletizing trigger further includes a placement initiation command trigger indicating that a placement initiation command has been received from a source external to the robotic system. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein generating or updating the simulated stacking plan includes generating or updating the simulated stacking plan for placement of every package currently in the storage area in response to determining the occurrence of the placement initiation command trigger. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more packages include all of the packages currently stored in the storage area, and wherein generating or updating the simulated stacking plan includes generating or updating the simulated stacking plan (i) upon determining the occurrence of the storage capacity trigger and (ii) according to a palletizing criterion. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the palletizing criterion includes a volumetric packing efficiency for placing the packages on the platform. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the palletizing criterion includes an expected number of the packages for placing the packages on the platform. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the palletizing criterion includes a maximum stackable height for placing the packages on the platform. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein generating or updating the simulated stacking plan includes:
generating or updating a two-dimensional (2D) placement plan, wherein the 2D placement plan represents a 2D mapping of the one or more packages along a horizontal plane of the platform, and converting multiple instances of the 2D placement plan into a three-dimensional (3D) mapping of the one or more packages, wherein the 3D mapping is representative of an arrangement of the one or more packages in multiple layers on the platform, each layer being above another layer and having a corresponding instance of the 2D placement plan. 17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
determining a stacking sequence identification (ID) for each of the one or more packages based on the simulated stacking plan, wherein the stacking sequence ID is for identifying a placing order for each of the one or more packages on the platform,
wherein implementing the simulated packing plan includes placing each of the one or more packages on the platform according to a respective stacking sequence ID. 18. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
implementing a plan for regulating a speed of a conveyor unit, wherein the conveyor unit transports the package to the start location for placement on the platform. 19. A tangible, non-transient computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, the instructions comprising:
instructions for determining dimension information representing physical dimensions of a package received at a start location for placement on a platform, instructions for implementing a plan for placing the package in a storage area separate from the platform, instructions for updating or generating a simulated stacking plan for placing one or more packages currently stored in the storage area onto the platform; instructions for determining, following placement of the package in the storage area, the occurrence of a palletizing trigger, wherein the palletizing trigger includes a storage capacity trigger that indicates that a number of packages currently stored in the storage area exceeds a storage capacity threshold; and instructions for implementing the simulated stacking plan based at least in part on the occurrence of the palletizing trigger. 20. A robotic system comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory device connected to the at least one processor and having stored thereon instructions executable by the processor to:
determine dimension information representing physical dimensions of a package received at a start location for placement on a platform,
implement a plan for placing the package in a storage area different than the platform,
generate or update a simulated stacking plan for placing one or more packages currently stored in the storage area onto the platform,
determine, following placement of the package in the storage area, the occurrence of a palletizing trigger, wherein the palletizing trigger includes a storage capacity trigger that indicates that a number of packages currently stored in the storage area exceeds a storage capacity threshold; and
in response to determining the occurrence of the palletizing trigger, implement the simulated stacking plan. | 3,700 |
346,463 | 16,804,866 | 3,771 | A liquid droplet discharging apparatus includes: a discharging head having: a liquid channel including a nozzle; and an energy applying part which applies, to liquid inside the liquid channel, discharge energy for discharging a liquid droplet from the nozzle; a signal outputting circuit which outputs signals depending on whether the nozzle satisfies a predetermined discharging performance; and a controller. The controller performs determination as to whether the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance, and estimates viscosity of the liquid inside the discharging head based on: viscosity estimation data in which discharge energy information and viscosity information are associated with each other, and a result of the determination performed in a case that the controller controls the energy applying part based on the discharge energy information and that the discharge energy is thereby applied to the liquid inside the liquid channel. | 1. A liquid droplet discharging apparatus comprising:
a discharging head having: a liquid channel including a nozzle; and an energy applying part configured to apply, to liquid inside the liquid channel, discharge energy for discharging a liquid droplet of the liquid from the nozzle; a signal outputting circuit configured to output signals depending on whether the nozzle satisfies a predetermined discharging performance; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to perform determination as to whether the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance; and the controller is configured to estimate viscosity of the liquid inside the discharging head based on:
viscosity estimation data in which discharge energy information regarding the discharge energy and viscosity information regarding the viscosity of the liquid inside the liquid channel are associated with each other, and
a result of the determination performed in a case that the controller controls the energy applying part based on the discharge energy information and that the discharge energy is thereby applied to the liquid inside the liquid channel. 2. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case that the liquid droplet is discharged from the nozzle, the signal outputting circuit is configured to output a signal indicating that the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance. 3. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case that a flying velocity of the liquid droplet discharged from the nozzle is not less than a predetermined velocity, the signal outputting circuit is configured to output a signal indicating that the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance. 4. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case that a flying direction of the liquid droplet discharged from the nozzle is a predetermined direction, the signal outputting circuit is configured to output a signal indicating that the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance. 5. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a detecting electrode,
wherein the signal outputting circuit is configured to output the signals depending on as to whether the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance, based on an electric change occurring in the detecting electrode by the liquid droplet discharged from the nozzle. 6. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal outputting circuit is configured to output a signal indicating that the nozzle does not satisfy the predetermined discharging performance at least in a case that the liquid droplet is not discharged from the nozzle. 7. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the discharge energy information indicates discharge energies to be applied to the liquid inside the liquid channel, the viscosity information indicates estimated viscosities of the liquid inside the liquid channel, the viscosity estimation data is data in which the discharge energies and the estimated viscosities are associated with each other, the discharge energies are also associated with difficulty levels of discharging the liquid droplet from the nozzle such that the difficulty levels become lower as the discharge energies become greater, the controller is configured to change the discharge energies to be applied to the liquid inside the liquid channel in a descending order of the difficulty levels associated therewith, and if the controller determines for the first time that the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance in a case of applying a certain discharge energy, the controller is configured to estimate the viscosity of the liquid inside the liquid channel based on one of the estimated viscosities associated with the certain discharge energy. 8. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein each of the estimated viscosities is a maximum value of the viscosity of the liquid dischargeable from the nozzle in a case of applying one of the discharge energies associated therewith. 9. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the discharge energy information includes voltage information which indicates voltages to be applied to the energy applying part, and the discharge energies become greater as the voltages become greater. 10. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the discharge energy information includes liquid droplet kind information which indicates volumes of the liquid droplet to be discharged from the nozzle, and the discharge energies become greater as the volumes of the liquid droplet become greater. 11. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising a voltage generator configured to generate the voltages, and
the controller is configured to apply, to the energy applying part, the voltages generated by the voltage generator. 12. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to output, to the energy applying part, waveform signals corresponding to the volumes of the liquid droplet to be discharged from the nozzle. 13. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a purge unit configured to perform a purge of discharging the liquid inside the discharging head from the nozzle,
wherein the controller is configured to control the purge unit to perform the purge based on the estimated viscosity of the liquid. 14. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the energy applying part to perform a flushing of discharging the liquid from the nozzle, based on the estimated viscosity of the liquid. 15. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case that the controller controls the energy applying part to discharge the liquid droplet from the nozzle toward a medium, the controller is configured to control the energy applying part based on the estimated viscosity of the liquid. 16. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising a voltage generator,
wherein the energy applying part is configured to apply pressure to the liquid inside the liquid channel in a case that a driving voltage generated by the voltage generator is applied to the energy applying part, and in a case that the controller controls the energy applying part to discharge the liquid droplet from the nozzle toward the medium, the controller is configured to control the voltage generator to generate the driving voltage corresponding to the estimated viscosity of the liquid, and to apply the driving voltage to the energy applying part. 17. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the liquid droplet jetting head has:
individual channels which construct the liquid channel, each of the individual channels including the nozzle;
a common channel which communicates with the individual channels and which constructs the liquid channel; and
energy applying parts which include the energy applying part and which are configured to apply pressure to the liquid inside the individual channels, respectively,
the controller is configured to control individually each of the energy applying parts, the controller is further configured to estimate the viscosity of the liquid inside a part of the individual channels based on the viscosity estimation data and the result of the determination, and the controller is further configured to estimate the viscosity of the liquid in an individual channel, which is different from the part of the individual channels, based on the estimated viscosity of the liquid in the part of the individual channels. | A liquid droplet discharging apparatus includes: a discharging head having: a liquid channel including a nozzle; and an energy applying part which applies, to liquid inside the liquid channel, discharge energy for discharging a liquid droplet from the nozzle; a signal outputting circuit which outputs signals depending on whether the nozzle satisfies a predetermined discharging performance; and a controller. The controller performs determination as to whether the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance, and estimates viscosity of the liquid inside the discharging head based on: viscosity estimation data in which discharge energy information and viscosity information are associated with each other, and a result of the determination performed in a case that the controller controls the energy applying part based on the discharge energy information and that the discharge energy is thereby applied to the liquid inside the liquid channel.1. A liquid droplet discharging apparatus comprising:
a discharging head having: a liquid channel including a nozzle; and an energy applying part configured to apply, to liquid inside the liquid channel, discharge energy for discharging a liquid droplet of the liquid from the nozzle; a signal outputting circuit configured to output signals depending on whether the nozzle satisfies a predetermined discharging performance; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to perform determination as to whether the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance; and the controller is configured to estimate viscosity of the liquid inside the discharging head based on:
viscosity estimation data in which discharge energy information regarding the discharge energy and viscosity information regarding the viscosity of the liquid inside the liquid channel are associated with each other, and
a result of the determination performed in a case that the controller controls the energy applying part based on the discharge energy information and that the discharge energy is thereby applied to the liquid inside the liquid channel. 2. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case that the liquid droplet is discharged from the nozzle, the signal outputting circuit is configured to output a signal indicating that the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance. 3. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case that a flying velocity of the liquid droplet discharged from the nozzle is not less than a predetermined velocity, the signal outputting circuit is configured to output a signal indicating that the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance. 4. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case that a flying direction of the liquid droplet discharged from the nozzle is a predetermined direction, the signal outputting circuit is configured to output a signal indicating that the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance. 5. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a detecting electrode,
wherein the signal outputting circuit is configured to output the signals depending on as to whether the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance, based on an electric change occurring in the detecting electrode by the liquid droplet discharged from the nozzle. 6. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal outputting circuit is configured to output a signal indicating that the nozzle does not satisfy the predetermined discharging performance at least in a case that the liquid droplet is not discharged from the nozzle. 7. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the discharge energy information indicates discharge energies to be applied to the liquid inside the liquid channel, the viscosity information indicates estimated viscosities of the liquid inside the liquid channel, the viscosity estimation data is data in which the discharge energies and the estimated viscosities are associated with each other, the discharge energies are also associated with difficulty levels of discharging the liquid droplet from the nozzle such that the difficulty levels become lower as the discharge energies become greater, the controller is configured to change the discharge energies to be applied to the liquid inside the liquid channel in a descending order of the difficulty levels associated therewith, and if the controller determines for the first time that the nozzle satisfies the predetermined discharging performance in a case of applying a certain discharge energy, the controller is configured to estimate the viscosity of the liquid inside the liquid channel based on one of the estimated viscosities associated with the certain discharge energy. 8. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein each of the estimated viscosities is a maximum value of the viscosity of the liquid dischargeable from the nozzle in a case of applying one of the discharge energies associated therewith. 9. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 7,
wherein the discharge energy information includes voltage information which indicates voltages to be applied to the energy applying part, and the discharge energies become greater as the voltages become greater. 10. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 9,
wherein the discharge energy information includes liquid droplet kind information which indicates volumes of the liquid droplet to be discharged from the nozzle, and the discharge energies become greater as the volumes of the liquid droplet become greater. 11. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising a voltage generator configured to generate the voltages, and
the controller is configured to apply, to the energy applying part, the voltages generated by the voltage generator. 12. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the controller is configured to output, to the energy applying part, waveform signals corresponding to the volumes of the liquid droplet to be discharged from the nozzle. 13. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a purge unit configured to perform a purge of discharging the liquid inside the discharging head from the nozzle,
wherein the controller is configured to control the purge unit to perform the purge based on the estimated viscosity of the liquid. 14. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to control the energy applying part to perform a flushing of discharging the liquid from the nozzle, based on the estimated viscosity of the liquid. 15. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in a case that the controller controls the energy applying part to discharge the liquid droplet from the nozzle toward a medium, the controller is configured to control the energy applying part based on the estimated viscosity of the liquid. 16. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising a voltage generator,
wherein the energy applying part is configured to apply pressure to the liquid inside the liquid channel in a case that a driving voltage generated by the voltage generator is applied to the energy applying part, and in a case that the controller controls the energy applying part to discharge the liquid droplet from the nozzle toward the medium, the controller is configured to control the voltage generator to generate the driving voltage corresponding to the estimated viscosity of the liquid, and to apply the driving voltage to the energy applying part. 17. The liquid droplet discharging apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the liquid droplet jetting head has:
individual channels which construct the liquid channel, each of the individual channels including the nozzle;
a common channel which communicates with the individual channels and which constructs the liquid channel; and
energy applying parts which include the energy applying part and which are configured to apply pressure to the liquid inside the individual channels, respectively,
the controller is configured to control individually each of the energy applying parts, the controller is further configured to estimate the viscosity of the liquid inside a part of the individual channels based on the viscosity estimation data and the result of the determination, and the controller is further configured to estimate the viscosity of the liquid in an individual channel, which is different from the part of the individual channels, based on the estimated viscosity of the liquid in the part of the individual channels. | 3,700 |
346,464 | 16,804,928 | 3,771 | Failed transport blocks can be retransmitted when the number of layers is different compared to the number of layers for re-transmission. Mapping tables can be used for retransmitting the failed packets when a user equipment reported rank is different from the transmitted rank. In addition, an indication can be sent to the user equipment to indicate the failed transport blocks when the network decides to use a different codeword for transmitting a failed packet. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a base station device comprising a processor from a mobile device, first number data representative of a first rank associated with a first transmission; comparing, by the base station device, the first number data to second number data representative of a second rank associated with a second transmission and a first codeword, resulting in difference data representative of a difference between the first rank and the second rank; and based on the difference data, transmitting, by the base station device, a transport block via a second codeword different than the first codeword, wherein the transport block transmitted via the first codeword has been determined not to have been received by the mobile device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending, by the base station device to the mobile device, an indication of a retransmission of the transport block after the transmitting of the transport block. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second transmission is associated with a failed transmission of the transport block. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on the difference data, generating, by the base station device, the second codeword to be used for transmission of the transport block. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on the difference data, rescheduling, by the base station device, the second transmission associated with the transport block. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second transmission is rescheduled to be transmitted on the second codeword. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on the difference data, rescheduling, by the base station device, a previous transmission to be transmitted in accordance with the second codeword, wherein the previous transmission was transmitted prior to a current transmission. 8. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving first number data representative of a first rank associated with a first transmission;
comparing the first number data to second number data representative of a second rank associated with a first transmission and a first codeword, resulting in a comparison value representative of a difference between the first rank and the second rank; and
based on the comparison value, transmitting a transport block that has been determined not to have been received by a mobile device, resulting in a retransmission, wherein the retransmission comprises an indication of modulation and coding data corresponding to a second codeword associated with the first transmission. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining the second number data; and based on an analysis of a cyclic redundancy check, determining that the transport block is to be a failed transport block. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to a determination that the transport block is a failed transport block, generating the first codeword to use to transmit the failed transport block to the mobile device. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the comparison value comprises the difference between the first number and data the second number data, and wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the difference, rescheduling the first transmission associated with the transport block, resulting in the retransmission of the transport block. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the comparison value comprises the difference between the first number data and the second number data, wherein the transport block is a first transport block, and wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the difference, rescheduling the first transmission associated with the first transport block and a second transmission associated with a second transport block during the retransmission. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the comparison value comprises the difference between the first number data and the second number data, wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the difference, rescheduling the first transmission of the transport block, and wherein the transport block is a previous transport block transmitted prior to the retransmission of the transport block. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the comparison value comprises the difference between the first number data and the second number data, wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the difference, switching a transmission of the transport block, and wherein the switching comprises transferring the transport block, associated with the first codeword, to the second codeword during the retransmission. 15. A machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving a first value associated with a first codeword of a first wireless transmission, wherein a first channel quality associated with the first codeword is greater than a second channel quality associated with a second codeword associated with a second value associated with a second wireless transmission; comparing the first value to the second value, resulting in comparison data representative of a difference between the first value and the second value; and based on the comparison data and based on first channel quality data representative of the first channel quality being determined to be greater than second channel quality data representative of the second channel quality, transmitting a failed transport block associated with the second codeword and the second wireless transmission. 16. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining the second value associated with the second codeword of the second wireless transmission, wherein the second wireless transmission comprises the transport block that has been determined to be the failed transport block. 17. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the comparison data and the first channel quality data being determined to be greater than the second channel quality data, rescheduling the second wireless transmission associated with the failed transport block. 18. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the comparison data, switching the second wireless transmission, and wherein the switching the second wireless transmission comprises transferring the failed transport block, associated with the second codeword, to the first codeword during a retransmission. 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the second wireless transmission is associated with a failed transmission of the failed transport block. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to a determination that the second wireless transmission is the failed transmission, generating the first codeword for the first wireless transmission of the failed transport block. | Failed transport blocks can be retransmitted when the number of layers is different compared to the number of layers for re-transmission. Mapping tables can be used for retransmitting the failed packets when a user equipment reported rank is different from the transmitted rank. In addition, an indication can be sent to the user equipment to indicate the failed transport blocks when the network decides to use a different codeword for transmitting a failed packet.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a base station device comprising a processor from a mobile device, first number data representative of a first rank associated with a first transmission; comparing, by the base station device, the first number data to second number data representative of a second rank associated with a second transmission and a first codeword, resulting in difference data representative of a difference between the first rank and the second rank; and based on the difference data, transmitting, by the base station device, a transport block via a second codeword different than the first codeword, wherein the transport block transmitted via the first codeword has been determined not to have been received by the mobile device. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending, by the base station device to the mobile device, an indication of a retransmission of the transport block after the transmitting of the transport block. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second transmission is associated with a failed transmission of the transport block. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on the difference data, generating, by the base station device, the second codeword to be used for transmission of the transport block. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on the difference data, rescheduling, by the base station device, the second transmission associated with the transport block. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second transmission is rescheduled to be transmitted on the second codeword. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
based on the difference data, rescheduling, by the base station device, a previous transmission to be transmitted in accordance with the second codeword, wherein the previous transmission was transmitted prior to a current transmission. 8. A system, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving first number data representative of a first rank associated with a first transmission;
comparing the first number data to second number data representative of a second rank associated with a first transmission and a first codeword, resulting in a comparison value representative of a difference between the first rank and the second rank; and
based on the comparison value, transmitting a transport block that has been determined not to have been received by a mobile device, resulting in a retransmission, wherein the retransmission comprises an indication of modulation and coding data corresponding to a second codeword associated with the first transmission. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining the second number data; and based on an analysis of a cyclic redundancy check, determining that the transport block is to be a failed transport block. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to a determination that the transport block is a failed transport block, generating the first codeword to use to transmit the failed transport block to the mobile device. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the comparison value comprises the difference between the first number and data the second number data, and wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the difference, rescheduling the first transmission associated with the transport block, resulting in the retransmission of the transport block. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the comparison value comprises the difference between the first number data and the second number data, wherein the transport block is a first transport block, and wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the difference, rescheduling the first transmission associated with the first transport block and a second transmission associated with a second transport block during the retransmission. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the comparison value comprises the difference between the first number data and the second number data, wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the difference, rescheduling the first transmission of the transport block, and wherein the transport block is a previous transport block transmitted prior to the retransmission of the transport block. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the comparison value comprises the difference between the first number data and the second number data, wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the difference, switching a transmission of the transport block, and wherein the switching comprises transferring the transport block, associated with the first codeword, to the second codeword during the retransmission. 15. A machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving a first value associated with a first codeword of a first wireless transmission, wherein a first channel quality associated with the first codeword is greater than a second channel quality associated with a second codeword associated with a second value associated with a second wireless transmission; comparing the first value to the second value, resulting in comparison data representative of a difference between the first value and the second value; and based on the comparison data and based on first channel quality data representative of the first channel quality being determined to be greater than second channel quality data representative of the second channel quality, transmitting a failed transport block associated with the second codeword and the second wireless transmission. 16. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining the second value associated with the second codeword of the second wireless transmission, wherein the second wireless transmission comprises the transport block that has been determined to be the failed transport block. 17. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the comparison data and the first channel quality data being determined to be greater than the second channel quality data, rescheduling the second wireless transmission associated with the failed transport block. 18. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
based on the comparison data, switching the second wireless transmission, and wherein the switching the second wireless transmission comprises transferring the failed transport block, associated with the second codeword, to the first codeword during a retransmission. 19. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the second wireless transmission is associated with a failed transmission of the failed transport block. 20. The machine-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the operations further comprise:
in response to a determination that the second wireless transmission is the failed transmission, generating the first codeword for the first wireless transmission of the failed transport block. | 3,700 |
346,465 | 16,804,846 | 3,771 | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. Generally, the described techniques provide for determining a suitable pattern for transmitting reference signals used for positioning on allocated resources. In particular, the pattern may be used to assign the reference signals to frequency tones across multiple symbols such that the frequency tones to which the reference signals are mapped in at least two consecutive symbols are non-adjacent (e.g., separated by at least one frequency tone). In some cases, a wireless device may determine the pattern used to assign reference signals used for positioning autonomously (e.g., based on configured algorithms or a look-up table), and, in other cases, a wireless device (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) may determine the pattern used to assign reference signals used for positioning based on a configuration received from another wireless device (e.g., a base station). | 1. A method for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising:
determining a pattern for a set of time-frequency resources that includes a plurality of symbols and a plurality of frequency tones, wherein:
the pattern comprises an assignment of reference signals used for positioning to a first set of frequency tones within a first symbol of the set of time-frequency resources and to a second set of frequency tones within a second symbol of the set of time-frequency resources, the first symbol and the second symbol being consecutive, the first symbol being a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol or a first discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol and the second symbol being a second OFDM symbol or a second DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and
each frequency tone of the first set is separated in frequency from each frequency tone of the second set by at least one frequency tone of the plurality of frequency tones;
mapping the reference signals to a subset of the set of time-frequency resources based at least in part on the pattern; and transmitting the reference signals via the subset of the set of time-frequency resources. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the pattern comprises:
identifying a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals; determining a sequence of offsets for the pattern based at least in part on the comb level, wherein each offset in the sequence is used to assign a reference signal to a frequency tone within a symbol; and determining the pattern based at least in part on the sequence of offsets. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the sequence of offsets comprises:
determining binary representations of each number in a sequence of numbers from zero to one less than a value of the comb level, wherein each binary representation comprises a same number of bits; reversing the binary representation of each number in the sequence of numbers; determining a decimal value corresponding to each reversed binary representation, wherein each decimal value is included in a sequence of decimal values that corresponds to the sequence of numbers from zero to one less than the comb level; and determining the sequence of offsets to be equal to the sequence of decimal values. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the sequence of offsets comprises:
identifying a circular buffer comprising a sequence of numbers from zero to one less than a value of the comb level; selecting a first value from the circular buffer to include as a first value in the sequence of offsets; performing a floor or ceiling operation on half of a size of the circular buffer; adding a result of the floor or ceiling operation performed on half of the size of the circular buffer to the first value selected from the circular buffer to identify a second value from the circular buffer to include as a second value in the sequence of offsets; recursively segmenting the circular buffer into segmented circular buffers and performing a floor or ceiling operation on half of a size of each segmented circular buffer to identify a next value from the circular buffer to include as a next value in the sequence of offsets until a size of each segmented circular buffer is equal to one; and including remaining values in the circular buffer as remaining values in the sequence of offsets. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein recursively performing the floor or ceiling operation comprises:
interchanging between floor operations and ceiling operations in the recursion. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the sequence of offsets comprises:
rounding a value of the comb level up or down to a power of two; determining binary representations of each number in a sequence of numbers from zero to one less than the rounded value, wherein each binary representation comprises a same number of bits; reversing the binary representation of each number in the sequence of numbers; determining a decimal value corresponding to each reversed binary representation, wherein each decimal value is included in a sequence of decimal values that corresponds to the sequence of numbers from zero to one less than the comb level; and determining the sequence of offsets to include a subset of the sequence of decimal values that are below the value of the comb level or include the sequence of decimal values and other decimal values that are below the value of the comb level and are excluded from the sequence of decimal values. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein rounding the value of the comb level up or down to the power of two comprises:
determining that the value of the comb level is closer to a closest higher power of two than to a closest lower power of two; and rounding the value of the comb level up to the closest higher power of two. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein rounding the value of the comb level up or down to the power of two comprises:
determining that the value of the comb level is closer to a closest lower power of two than to a closest higher power of two; and rounding the value of the comb level down to the closest lower power of two. 9. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
identifying a value of a counter used for identifying offset values from the sequence of offsets; indexing the sequence of offsets using the identified counter value; and determining an offset for assigning a reference signal to frequency tones in a symbol based at least in part on the indexing. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the counter is associated with a resource used to transmit the reference signals used for positioning, the counter is associated with a resource set used to transmit the reference signals used for positioning, the counter is associated with a resource configuration or setting used to transmit the reference signals used for positioning, the counter is associated with the transmitting device, or the counter is a shared counter associated with all resource sets used to transmit the reference signals used for positioning. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the counter is associated with a resource used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset after every slot; the counter is associated with the resource used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset after every resource occasion; the counter is associated with the resource used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset after every frame; the counter is associated with the resource used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset when the resource is reconfigured; the counter is associated with a resource set used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset when the resource set is reconfigured; the counter is associated with a resource configuration or setting used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset when the resource configuration or setting is reconfigured; or; and the counter is associated with a report configuration or setting and the counter is reset when the report configuration or setting is reconfigured. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the pattern comprises:
determining the pattern based at least in part on referencing a look-up table with a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the pattern is determined based at least in part on any of a set of sequences of offsets in the look-up table including: at least {0, 2, 1, 3} for a configured comb level of four, at least {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5} for a configured comb level of six, at least {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7} for a configured comb level of eight, or at least {0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15} for a configured comb level of 16. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting device is a user equipment (UE), and determining the pattern comprises:
receiving, from a base station, an indication of a sequence of offsets used to determine the pattern. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein a value of a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals is greater than four, and frequency tones to which reference signals are assigned in all groups of two consecutive symbols in the set of time-frequency resources are non-adjacent. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signals used for positioning comprise positioning reference signals (PRSs), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs), tracking reference signals (TRSs), sounding reference signals (SRSs), or physical random access channel (PRACH) signals. 17. A method for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising:
receiving a set of reference signals used for positioning via a subset of a set of time-frequency resources, wherein the set of time-frequency resources includes a plurality of symbols and a plurality of frequency tones; identifying the set of reference signals based at least in part on a pattern for the set of time-frequency resources, wherein:
the pattern comprises an assignment of reference signals to a first set of frequency tones within a first symbol of the set of time-frequency resources and to a second set of frequency tones within a second symbol of the set of time-frequency resources, the first symbol and the second symbol being consecutive, the first symbol being a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol or a first discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol and the second symbol being a second OFDM symbol or a second DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and
each frequency tone of the first set is separated in frequency from each frequency tone of the second set by at least one frequency tone of the plurality of frequency tones;
decoding the reference signals; and estimating a location of the receiving device based at least in part on the decoded reference signals. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
identifying a comb level configured for the set of reference signals; determining a sequence of offsets for the pattern based at least in part on the comb level, wherein each offset in the sequence is used to assign a reference signal to a frequency tone within a symbol; and determining the pattern based at least in part on the sequence of offsets. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein determining the sequence of offsets comprises:
determining binary representations of each number in a sequence of numbers from zero to one less than a value of the comb level, wherein each binary representation comprises a same number of bits; reversing the binary representation of each number in the sequence of numbers; determining a decimal value corresponding to each reversed binary representation, wherein each decimal value is included in a sequence of decimal values that corresponds to the sequence of numbers from zero to one less than the comb level; and determining the sequence of offsets to be equal to the sequence of decimal values. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein determining the sequence of offsets comprises:
identifying a circular buffer comprising a sequence of numbers from zero to one less than a value of the comb level; selecting a first value from the circular buffer to include as a first value in the sequence of offsets; performing a floor or ceiling operation on half of a size of the circular buffer; adding a result of the floor or ceiling operation performed on half of the size of the circular buffer to the first value selected from the circular buffer to identify a second value from the circular buffer to include as a second value in the sequence of offsets; recursively segmenting the circular buffer into segmented circular buffers and performing a floor or ceiling operation on half of a size of each segmented circular buffer to identify a next value from the circular buffer to include as a next value in the sequence of offsets until a size of each segmented circular buffer is equal to one; and including remaining values in the circular buffer as remaining values in the sequence of offsets. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
identifying a value of a counter used for identifying offset values from the sequence of offsets; indexing the sequence of offsets using the identified counter value; and determining an offset for assigning a reference signal to frequency tones in a symbol based at least in part on the indexing. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein each offset in the sequence of offsets indicates an offset from a reference resource and indicates a location of a resource element that includes a reference signal in the set of time-frequency resources. 23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining the pattern based at least in part on referencing a look-up table with a comb level configured for the set of reference signals. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the pattern is determined based at least in part on any of a set of sequences of offsets in the look-up table including: at least {0, 2, 1, 3} for a configured comb level of four, at least {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5} for a configured comb level of six, at least {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7} for a configured comb level of eight, or at least {0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15} for a configured comb level of 16. 25. The method of claim 17, wherein a value of a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals is greater than four, and frequency tones to which reference signals are assigned in all groups of two consecutive symbols in the set of time-frequency resources are non-adjacent. 26. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising:
one or more transceivers, one or more memory, and one or more processors electronically coupled to one or more memory and one or more transceivers, the one or more processors configured to:
determine a pattern for a set of time-frequency resources that includes a plurality of symbols and a plurality of frequency tones, wherein:
the pattern comprises an assignment of reference signals used for positioning to a first set of frequency tones within a first symbol of the set of time-frequency resources and to a second set of frequency tones within a second symbol of the set of time-frequency resources, the first symbol and the second symbol being consecutive, the first symbol being a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol or a first discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol and the second symbol being a second OFDM symbol or a second DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and
each frequency tone of the first set is separated in frequency from each frequency tone of the second set by at least one frequency tone of the plurality of frequency tones;
map the reference signals to a subset of the set of time-frequency resources based at least in part on the pattern; and
transmit, via the one or more transceivers, the reference signals via the subset of the set of time-frequency resources. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine the pattern based at least in part on:
identifying a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals; determining a sequence of offsets for the pattern based at least in part on the comb level, wherein each offset in the sequence for assigning a reference signal to a frequency tone within a symbol; and determining the pattern based at least in part on the sequence of offsets. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine the pattern based at least in part on a look-up table with a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine the pattern based at least in part on any of a set of sequences of offsets in the look-up table including: at least {0, 2, 1, 3} for a configured comb level of four, at least {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5} for a configured comb level of six, at least {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7} for a configured comb level of eight, or at least {0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15} for a configured comb level of 16. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising:
one or more transceivers, one or more memory, and one or more processors electronically coupled to one or more memory and one or more transceivers, the one or more processors configured to:
receive, via the one or more transceivers, a set of reference signals used for positioning via a subset of a set of time-frequency resources, wherein the set of time-frequency resources includes a plurality of symbols and a plurality of frequency tones;
identify the set of reference signals based at least in part on a pattern for the set of time-frequency resources, wherein:
the pattern comprises an assignment of reference signals to a first set of frequency tones within a first symbol of the set of time-frequency resources and to a second set of frequency tones within a second symbol of the set of time-frequency resources, the first symbol and the second symbol being consecutive, the first symbol being a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol or a first discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol and the second symbol being a second OFDM symbol or a second DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and
each frequency tone of the first set is separated in frequency from each frequency tone of the second set by at least one frequency tone of the plurality of frequency tones;
decode the reference signals; and
estimate a location of the receiving device based at least in part on the decoded reference signals. | Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. Generally, the described techniques provide for determining a suitable pattern for transmitting reference signals used for positioning on allocated resources. In particular, the pattern may be used to assign the reference signals to frequency tones across multiple symbols such that the frequency tones to which the reference signals are mapped in at least two consecutive symbols are non-adjacent (e.g., separated by at least one frequency tone). In some cases, a wireless device may determine the pattern used to assign reference signals used for positioning autonomously (e.g., based on configured algorithms or a look-up table), and, in other cases, a wireless device (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) may determine the pattern used to assign reference signals used for positioning based on a configuration received from another wireless device (e.g., a base station).1. A method for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising:
determining a pattern for a set of time-frequency resources that includes a plurality of symbols and a plurality of frequency tones, wherein:
the pattern comprises an assignment of reference signals used for positioning to a first set of frequency tones within a first symbol of the set of time-frequency resources and to a second set of frequency tones within a second symbol of the set of time-frequency resources, the first symbol and the second symbol being consecutive, the first symbol being a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol or a first discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol and the second symbol being a second OFDM symbol or a second DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and
each frequency tone of the first set is separated in frequency from each frequency tone of the second set by at least one frequency tone of the plurality of frequency tones;
mapping the reference signals to a subset of the set of time-frequency resources based at least in part on the pattern; and transmitting the reference signals via the subset of the set of time-frequency resources. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the pattern comprises:
identifying a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals; determining a sequence of offsets for the pattern based at least in part on the comb level, wherein each offset in the sequence is used to assign a reference signal to a frequency tone within a symbol; and determining the pattern based at least in part on the sequence of offsets. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the sequence of offsets comprises:
determining binary representations of each number in a sequence of numbers from zero to one less than a value of the comb level, wherein each binary representation comprises a same number of bits; reversing the binary representation of each number in the sequence of numbers; determining a decimal value corresponding to each reversed binary representation, wherein each decimal value is included in a sequence of decimal values that corresponds to the sequence of numbers from zero to one less than the comb level; and determining the sequence of offsets to be equal to the sequence of decimal values. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the sequence of offsets comprises:
identifying a circular buffer comprising a sequence of numbers from zero to one less than a value of the comb level; selecting a first value from the circular buffer to include as a first value in the sequence of offsets; performing a floor or ceiling operation on half of a size of the circular buffer; adding a result of the floor or ceiling operation performed on half of the size of the circular buffer to the first value selected from the circular buffer to identify a second value from the circular buffer to include as a second value in the sequence of offsets; recursively segmenting the circular buffer into segmented circular buffers and performing a floor or ceiling operation on half of a size of each segmented circular buffer to identify a next value from the circular buffer to include as a next value in the sequence of offsets until a size of each segmented circular buffer is equal to one; and including remaining values in the circular buffer as remaining values in the sequence of offsets. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein recursively performing the floor or ceiling operation comprises:
interchanging between floor operations and ceiling operations in the recursion. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the sequence of offsets comprises:
rounding a value of the comb level up or down to a power of two; determining binary representations of each number in a sequence of numbers from zero to one less than the rounded value, wherein each binary representation comprises a same number of bits; reversing the binary representation of each number in the sequence of numbers; determining a decimal value corresponding to each reversed binary representation, wherein each decimal value is included in a sequence of decimal values that corresponds to the sequence of numbers from zero to one less than the comb level; and determining the sequence of offsets to include a subset of the sequence of decimal values that are below the value of the comb level or include the sequence of decimal values and other decimal values that are below the value of the comb level and are excluded from the sequence of decimal values. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein rounding the value of the comb level up or down to the power of two comprises:
determining that the value of the comb level is closer to a closest higher power of two than to a closest lower power of two; and rounding the value of the comb level up to the closest higher power of two. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein rounding the value of the comb level up or down to the power of two comprises:
determining that the value of the comb level is closer to a closest lower power of two than to a closest higher power of two; and rounding the value of the comb level down to the closest lower power of two. 9. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
identifying a value of a counter used for identifying offset values from the sequence of offsets; indexing the sequence of offsets using the identified counter value; and determining an offset for assigning a reference signal to frequency tones in a symbol based at least in part on the indexing. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the counter is associated with a resource used to transmit the reference signals used for positioning, the counter is associated with a resource set used to transmit the reference signals used for positioning, the counter is associated with a resource configuration or setting used to transmit the reference signals used for positioning, the counter is associated with the transmitting device, or the counter is a shared counter associated with all resource sets used to transmit the reference signals used for positioning. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the counter is associated with a resource used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset after every slot; the counter is associated with the resource used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset after every resource occasion; the counter is associated with the resource used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset after every frame; the counter is associated with the resource used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset when the resource is reconfigured; the counter is associated with a resource set used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset when the resource set is reconfigured; the counter is associated with a resource configuration or setting used to transmit reference signals used for positioning and the counter is reset when the resource configuration or setting is reconfigured; or; and the counter is associated with a report configuration or setting and the counter is reset when the report configuration or setting is reconfigured. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the pattern comprises:
determining the pattern based at least in part on referencing a look-up table with a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the pattern is determined based at least in part on any of a set of sequences of offsets in the look-up table including: at least {0, 2, 1, 3} for a configured comb level of four, at least {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5} for a configured comb level of six, at least {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7} for a configured comb level of eight, or at least {0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15} for a configured comb level of 16. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting device is a user equipment (UE), and determining the pattern comprises:
receiving, from a base station, an indication of a sequence of offsets used to determine the pattern. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein a value of a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals is greater than four, and frequency tones to which reference signals are assigned in all groups of two consecutive symbols in the set of time-frequency resources are non-adjacent. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference signals used for positioning comprise positioning reference signals (PRSs), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs), tracking reference signals (TRSs), sounding reference signals (SRSs), or physical random access channel (PRACH) signals. 17. A method for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising:
receiving a set of reference signals used for positioning via a subset of a set of time-frequency resources, wherein the set of time-frequency resources includes a plurality of symbols and a plurality of frequency tones; identifying the set of reference signals based at least in part on a pattern for the set of time-frequency resources, wherein:
the pattern comprises an assignment of reference signals to a first set of frequency tones within a first symbol of the set of time-frequency resources and to a second set of frequency tones within a second symbol of the set of time-frequency resources, the first symbol and the second symbol being consecutive, the first symbol being a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol or a first discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol and the second symbol being a second OFDM symbol or a second DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and
each frequency tone of the first set is separated in frequency from each frequency tone of the second set by at least one frequency tone of the plurality of frequency tones;
decoding the reference signals; and estimating a location of the receiving device based at least in part on the decoded reference signals. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
identifying a comb level configured for the set of reference signals; determining a sequence of offsets for the pattern based at least in part on the comb level, wherein each offset in the sequence is used to assign a reference signal to a frequency tone within a symbol; and determining the pattern based at least in part on the sequence of offsets. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein determining the sequence of offsets comprises:
determining binary representations of each number in a sequence of numbers from zero to one less than a value of the comb level, wherein each binary representation comprises a same number of bits; reversing the binary representation of each number in the sequence of numbers; determining a decimal value corresponding to each reversed binary representation, wherein each decimal value is included in a sequence of decimal values that corresponds to the sequence of numbers from zero to one less than the comb level; and determining the sequence of offsets to be equal to the sequence of decimal values. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein determining the sequence of offsets comprises:
identifying a circular buffer comprising a sequence of numbers from zero to one less than a value of the comb level; selecting a first value from the circular buffer to include as a first value in the sequence of offsets; performing a floor or ceiling operation on half of a size of the circular buffer; adding a result of the floor or ceiling operation performed on half of the size of the circular buffer to the first value selected from the circular buffer to identify a second value from the circular buffer to include as a second value in the sequence of offsets; recursively segmenting the circular buffer into segmented circular buffers and performing a floor or ceiling operation on half of a size of each segmented circular buffer to identify a next value from the circular buffer to include as a next value in the sequence of offsets until a size of each segmented circular buffer is equal to one; and including remaining values in the circular buffer as remaining values in the sequence of offsets. 21. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
identifying a value of a counter used for identifying offset values from the sequence of offsets; indexing the sequence of offsets using the identified counter value; and determining an offset for assigning a reference signal to frequency tones in a symbol based at least in part on the indexing. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein each offset in the sequence of offsets indicates an offset from a reference resource and indicates a location of a resource element that includes a reference signal in the set of time-frequency resources. 23. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
determining the pattern based at least in part on referencing a look-up table with a comb level configured for the set of reference signals. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the pattern is determined based at least in part on any of a set of sequences of offsets in the look-up table including: at least {0, 2, 1, 3} for a configured comb level of four, at least {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5} for a configured comb level of six, at least {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7} for a configured comb level of eight, or at least {0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15} for a configured comb level of 16. 25. The method of claim 17, wherein a value of a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals is greater than four, and frequency tones to which reference signals are assigned in all groups of two consecutive symbols in the set of time-frequency resources are non-adjacent. 26. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising:
one or more transceivers, one or more memory, and one or more processors electronically coupled to one or more memory and one or more transceivers, the one or more processors configured to:
determine a pattern for a set of time-frequency resources that includes a plurality of symbols and a plurality of frequency tones, wherein:
the pattern comprises an assignment of reference signals used for positioning to a first set of frequency tones within a first symbol of the set of time-frequency resources and to a second set of frequency tones within a second symbol of the set of time-frequency resources, the first symbol and the second symbol being consecutive, the first symbol being a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol or a first discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol and the second symbol being a second OFDM symbol or a second DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and
each frequency tone of the first set is separated in frequency from each frequency tone of the second set by at least one frequency tone of the plurality of frequency tones;
map the reference signals to a subset of the set of time-frequency resources based at least in part on the pattern; and
transmit, via the one or more transceivers, the reference signals via the subset of the set of time-frequency resources. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine the pattern based at least in part on:
identifying a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals; determining a sequence of offsets for the pattern based at least in part on the comb level, wherein each offset in the sequence for assigning a reference signal to a frequency tone within a symbol; and determining the pattern based at least in part on the sequence of offsets. 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine the pattern based at least in part on a look-up table with a comb level configured for transmitting the reference signals. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine the pattern based at least in part on any of a set of sequences of offsets in the look-up table including: at least {0, 2, 1, 3} for a configured comb level of four, at least {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5} for a configured comb level of six, at least {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7} for a configured comb level of eight, or at least {0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15} for a configured comb level of 16. 30. An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising:
one or more transceivers, one or more memory, and one or more processors electronically coupled to one or more memory and one or more transceivers, the one or more processors configured to:
receive, via the one or more transceivers, a set of reference signals used for positioning via a subset of a set of time-frequency resources, wherein the set of time-frequency resources includes a plurality of symbols and a plurality of frequency tones;
identify the set of reference signals based at least in part on a pattern for the set of time-frequency resources, wherein:
the pattern comprises an assignment of reference signals to a first set of frequency tones within a first symbol of the set of time-frequency resources and to a second set of frequency tones within a second symbol of the set of time-frequency resources, the first symbol and the second symbol being consecutive, the first symbol being a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbol or a first discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol and the second symbol being a second OFDM symbol or a second DFT-s-OFDM symbol, and
each frequency tone of the first set is separated in frequency from each frequency tone of the second set by at least one frequency tone of the plurality of frequency tones;
decode the reference signals; and
estimate a location of the receiving device based at least in part on the decoded reference signals. | 3,700 |
346,466 | 16,804,935 | 3,763 | A refrigerant charging safety valve assembly for delivering refrigerant to a vehicle's air conditioning system. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly includes a can tap valve body, a pressure-measuring gauge secured to a first fluid port of the valve body, a hose secured to a second fluid port of the valve body, and a quick connect coupling adapted for connecting the hose to a vehicle A/C system charging port . The pressure measuring gauge is provided for measuring the pressure of the vehicle's air conditioning system when connected to the vehicle's charging port. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly is specifically adapted to allow or inhibit flow of refrigerant from the pressurized refrigerant container through the refrigerant charging safety valve assembly to the vehicle's charging system. | 1. A refrigerant charging safety valve assembly for charging an air conditioning system with refrigerant, said refrigerant charging safety valve assembly comprising:
a can tap valve body having an internal bore and a first fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, a second fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, and a third fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore wherein said third port is adapted to be threadably secured to a refrigerant supply cannister; a pressure-measuring gauge operatively connected to said first fluid port; a hose having a first end secured to said second fluid port of said can tap valve body, and a second end; a quick connect coupling secured to said second end of said hose; a valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body for selectively actuating the refrigerant supply cannister having a self-sealing valve and is further adapted to substantially prevent evacuation of the air conditioning system when said quick connect coupling is secured to a charging port of the air conditioning system; and a valve actuator carried by said can tap valve body for actuating said valve. 2. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly of claim 1 wherein said valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body is defined by a piston member having a first end adapted to be secured to said valve actuator and wherein said valve actuator is adapted to engage and impart rotational movement to said piston member, said piston member further having a threaded region that threadably engages an internal threaded region disposed within said can tap valve body, whereby engagement of said threaded regions with one another act to convert rotational movement of said piston member via said valve actuator to linear movement of said piston member within said internal bore of said can tap valve body. 3. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly of claim 2 wherein said valve actuator is defined by a circular knob and includes a bore that receives a first end of said piston member. 4. A refrigerant charging safety valve assembly for charging an air conditioning system with refrigerant, said refrigerant charging safety valve assembly comprising:
a can tap valve body having an internal bore and a first fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, a second fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, and a third fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore wherein said third port is adapted to be threadably secured to a refrigerant supply cannister; a pressure-measuring gauge operatively connected to said first fluid port; a hose having a first end secured to said second fluid port of said can tap valve body, and a second end; a quick connect coupling secured to said second end of said hose; a valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body for selectively actuating the refrigerant supply cannister having a self-sealing valve and is further adapted to substantially prevent evacuation of the air conditioning system when said quick connect coupling is secured to a charging port of the air conditioning system, wherein said valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body is defined by a piston member having a first end adapted to be secured to said valve actuator and wherein said valve actuator is adapted to engage and impart rotational movement to said piston member, said piston member further having a threaded region that threadably engages an internal threaded region disposed within said can tap valve body, whereby engagement of said threaded regions with one another act to convert rotational movement of said piston member via said valve actuator to linear movement of said piston member within said internal bore of said can tap valve body; and a valve actuator carried by said can tap valve body for actuating said valve. 5. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly of claim 4 wherein said valve actuator is defined by a circular knob and includes a bore that receives a first end of said piston member. 6. A refrigerant charging safety valve assembly for charging an air conditioning system with refrigerant, said refrigerant charging safety valve assembly comprising:
a can tap valve body having an internal bore and a first fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, a second fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, and a third fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore wherein said third port is adapted to be threadably secured to a refrigerant supply cannister; a pressure-measuring gauge secured to said hose such that said pressure-measuring gauge is in fluid communication with said internal bore of said can tap valve body; a hose having a first end secured to said second fluid port of said can tap valve body, and a second end; a quick connect coupling secured to said second end of said hose; a valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body for selectively actuating the refrigerant supply cannister having a self-sealing valve and is further adapted to substantially prevent evacuation of the air conditioning system when said quick connect coupling is secured to a charging port of the air conditioning system; and a valve actuator carried by said can tap valve body for actuating said valve. 7. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly of claim 1 wherein said valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body is defined by a piston member having a first end adapted to be secured to said valve actuator and wherein said valve actuator is adapted to engage and impart rotational movement to said piston member, said piston member further having a threaded region that threadably engages an internal threaded region disposed within said can tap valve body, whereby engagement of said threaded regions with one another act to convert rotational movement of said piston member via said valve actuator to linear movement of said piston member within said internal bore of said can tap valve body. 8. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly of claim 2 wherein said valve actuator is defined by a circular knob and includes a bore that receives a first end of said piston member. | A refrigerant charging safety valve assembly for delivering refrigerant to a vehicle's air conditioning system. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly includes a can tap valve body, a pressure-measuring gauge secured to a first fluid port of the valve body, a hose secured to a second fluid port of the valve body, and a quick connect coupling adapted for connecting the hose to a vehicle A/C system charging port . The pressure measuring gauge is provided for measuring the pressure of the vehicle's air conditioning system when connected to the vehicle's charging port. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly is specifically adapted to allow or inhibit flow of refrigerant from the pressurized refrigerant container through the refrigerant charging safety valve assembly to the vehicle's charging system.1. A refrigerant charging safety valve assembly for charging an air conditioning system with refrigerant, said refrigerant charging safety valve assembly comprising:
a can tap valve body having an internal bore and a first fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, a second fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, and a third fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore wherein said third port is adapted to be threadably secured to a refrigerant supply cannister; a pressure-measuring gauge operatively connected to said first fluid port; a hose having a first end secured to said second fluid port of said can tap valve body, and a second end; a quick connect coupling secured to said second end of said hose; a valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body for selectively actuating the refrigerant supply cannister having a self-sealing valve and is further adapted to substantially prevent evacuation of the air conditioning system when said quick connect coupling is secured to a charging port of the air conditioning system; and a valve actuator carried by said can tap valve body for actuating said valve. 2. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly of claim 1 wherein said valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body is defined by a piston member having a first end adapted to be secured to said valve actuator and wherein said valve actuator is adapted to engage and impart rotational movement to said piston member, said piston member further having a threaded region that threadably engages an internal threaded region disposed within said can tap valve body, whereby engagement of said threaded regions with one another act to convert rotational movement of said piston member via said valve actuator to linear movement of said piston member within said internal bore of said can tap valve body. 3. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly of claim 2 wherein said valve actuator is defined by a circular knob and includes a bore that receives a first end of said piston member. 4. A refrigerant charging safety valve assembly for charging an air conditioning system with refrigerant, said refrigerant charging safety valve assembly comprising:
a can tap valve body having an internal bore and a first fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, a second fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, and a third fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore wherein said third port is adapted to be threadably secured to a refrigerant supply cannister; a pressure-measuring gauge operatively connected to said first fluid port; a hose having a first end secured to said second fluid port of said can tap valve body, and a second end; a quick connect coupling secured to said second end of said hose; a valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body for selectively actuating the refrigerant supply cannister having a self-sealing valve and is further adapted to substantially prevent evacuation of the air conditioning system when said quick connect coupling is secured to a charging port of the air conditioning system, wherein said valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body is defined by a piston member having a first end adapted to be secured to said valve actuator and wherein said valve actuator is adapted to engage and impart rotational movement to said piston member, said piston member further having a threaded region that threadably engages an internal threaded region disposed within said can tap valve body, whereby engagement of said threaded regions with one another act to convert rotational movement of said piston member via said valve actuator to linear movement of said piston member within said internal bore of said can tap valve body; and a valve actuator carried by said can tap valve body for actuating said valve. 5. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly of claim 4 wherein said valve actuator is defined by a circular knob and includes a bore that receives a first end of said piston member. 6. A refrigerant charging safety valve assembly for charging an air conditioning system with refrigerant, said refrigerant charging safety valve assembly comprising:
a can tap valve body having an internal bore and a first fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, a second fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore, and a third fluid port in fluid communication with said internal bore wherein said third port is adapted to be threadably secured to a refrigerant supply cannister; a pressure-measuring gauge secured to said hose such that said pressure-measuring gauge is in fluid communication with said internal bore of said can tap valve body; a hose having a first end secured to said second fluid port of said can tap valve body, and a second end; a quick connect coupling secured to said second end of said hose; a valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body for selectively actuating the refrigerant supply cannister having a self-sealing valve and is further adapted to substantially prevent evacuation of the air conditioning system when said quick connect coupling is secured to a charging port of the air conditioning system; and a valve actuator carried by said can tap valve body for actuating said valve. 7. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly of claim 1 wherein said valve disposed within said internal bore of said can tap valve body is defined by a piston member having a first end adapted to be secured to said valve actuator and wherein said valve actuator is adapted to engage and impart rotational movement to said piston member, said piston member further having a threaded region that threadably engages an internal threaded region disposed within said can tap valve body, whereby engagement of said threaded regions with one another act to convert rotational movement of said piston member via said valve actuator to linear movement of said piston member within said internal bore of said can tap valve body. 8. The refrigerant charging safety valve assembly of claim 2 wherein said valve actuator is defined by a circular knob and includes a bore that receives a first end of said piston member. | 3,700 |
346,467 | 16,804,920 | 3,763 | An integrated circuit (IC) structure includes a long channel (LC) gate structure over a long channel region, the LC gate structure having a first gate height; and a short channel (SC) gate structure over a short channel region, the SC gate structure having a second gate height. The short channel region is shorter in length than the long channel region. The second gate height of the SC gate structure is no larger than the first gate height of the LC gate structure. | 1. An integrated circuit (IC) structure, comprising:
a first gate structure over a first channel region, the first gate structure having a first gate height; and a second gate structure over a second channel region, the second gate structure having a second gate height, wherein the second channel region is shorter in length than the first channel region, and wherein the second gate height of the second gate structure is no larger than the first gate height of the first gate structure. 2. The IC structure of claim 1, wherein the second gate height of the second gate structure is less than the first gate height of the first gate structure. 3. The IC structure of claim 2, wherein the second gate height of the second gate structure is at least 5 nanometers less than the first gate height of the first gate structure. 4. The IC structure of claim 1, further comprising a cap layer over the first gate structure and the second gate structure, the cap layer being thicker over the second gate structure than the first gate structure. 5. The IC structure of claim 4, further comprising a dielectric layer over the cap layer, the first gate structure and the second gate structure, wherein the dielectric layer is thicker over the first gate structure than the second gate structure. 6. The IC structure of claim 5, further comprising a first contact in the dielectric layer to the first gate structure and a second contact in the dielectric layer to the second gate structure, wherein the second contact is longer than the first contact. 7. The IC structure of claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of the first gate structure and the second gate structure are substantially co-planar. 8. The IC structure of claim 1, further comprising a gate spacer abutting the second gate structure, the gate spacer having a spacer height greater than the second gate height. 9. The IC structure of claim 8, wherein the spacer height is greater than the first gate height. 10. The IC structure of claim 1, further comprising a gate spacer abutting the second gate structure, the gate spacer having a spacer height greater than the first gate height and the second gate height, and
wherein the second gate height of the second gate structure is less than the first gate height of the first gate structure. 11. An integrated circuit (IC) structure, comprising:
a long channel (LC) gate structure over a first channel region, the LC gate structure having a first gate height; and a short channel (SC) gate structure over a second channel region, the SC gate structure having a second gate height, wherein the second channel region is shorter in length than the first channel region, wherein the second gate height of the SC gate structure is no larger than the first gate height of the LC gate structure. 12. The IC structure of claim 11, wherein the second gate height of the SC gate structure is less than the first gate height of the LC gate structure. 13. The IC structure of claim 12, wherein the second gate height of the SC gate structure is at least 5 nanometers less than the first gate height of the LC gate structure. 14. The IC structure of claim 11, further comprising a cap layer over the LC gate structure and the SC gate structure, the cap layer being thicker over the SC gate structure than the LC gate structure. 15. The IC structure of claim 14, further comprising a dielectric layer over the cap layer, the LC gate structure and the SC gate structure, wherein the dielectric layer is thicker over the LC gate structure than the SC gate structure. 16. The IC structure of claim 15, further comprising a first contact in the dielectric layer to the LC gate structure and a second contact in the dielectric layer to the SC gate structure, wherein the second contact is longer than the first contact. 17. The IC structure of claim 11, wherein a bottom surface of the LC gate structure and the SC gate structure are substantially co-planar. 18. The IC structure of claim 11, further comprising a gate spacer abutting the SC gate structure, the gate spacer having a spacer height greater than the first gate height and the second gate height. 19. The IC structure of claim 18, wherein the spacer height is greater than the first gate height. 20. A method, comprising:
forming a gate material for a first gate structure over a first channel region and for a second gate structure over a second channel region, wherein the second channel region is shorter in length than the first channel region; planarizing the gate material, resulting in the first gate structure having a first gate height less than a second gate height of the second gate structure; forming a mask over the first gate structure, exposing the second gate structure; recessing the gate material to have the second gate height be no larger than the first gate height; removing the mask; and forming a contact to each of the first and second gate structures. | An integrated circuit (IC) structure includes a long channel (LC) gate structure over a long channel region, the LC gate structure having a first gate height; and a short channel (SC) gate structure over a short channel region, the SC gate structure having a second gate height. The short channel region is shorter in length than the long channel region. The second gate height of the SC gate structure is no larger than the first gate height of the LC gate structure.1. An integrated circuit (IC) structure, comprising:
a first gate structure over a first channel region, the first gate structure having a first gate height; and a second gate structure over a second channel region, the second gate structure having a second gate height, wherein the second channel region is shorter in length than the first channel region, and wherein the second gate height of the second gate structure is no larger than the first gate height of the first gate structure. 2. The IC structure of claim 1, wherein the second gate height of the second gate structure is less than the first gate height of the first gate structure. 3. The IC structure of claim 2, wherein the second gate height of the second gate structure is at least 5 nanometers less than the first gate height of the first gate structure. 4. The IC structure of claim 1, further comprising a cap layer over the first gate structure and the second gate structure, the cap layer being thicker over the second gate structure than the first gate structure. 5. The IC structure of claim 4, further comprising a dielectric layer over the cap layer, the first gate structure and the second gate structure, wherein the dielectric layer is thicker over the first gate structure than the second gate structure. 6. The IC structure of claim 5, further comprising a first contact in the dielectric layer to the first gate structure and a second contact in the dielectric layer to the second gate structure, wherein the second contact is longer than the first contact. 7. The IC structure of claim 1, wherein a bottom surface of the first gate structure and the second gate structure are substantially co-planar. 8. The IC structure of claim 1, further comprising a gate spacer abutting the second gate structure, the gate spacer having a spacer height greater than the second gate height. 9. The IC structure of claim 8, wherein the spacer height is greater than the first gate height. 10. The IC structure of claim 1, further comprising a gate spacer abutting the second gate structure, the gate spacer having a spacer height greater than the first gate height and the second gate height, and
wherein the second gate height of the second gate structure is less than the first gate height of the first gate structure. 11. An integrated circuit (IC) structure, comprising:
a long channel (LC) gate structure over a first channel region, the LC gate structure having a first gate height; and a short channel (SC) gate structure over a second channel region, the SC gate structure having a second gate height, wherein the second channel region is shorter in length than the first channel region, wherein the second gate height of the SC gate structure is no larger than the first gate height of the LC gate structure. 12. The IC structure of claim 11, wherein the second gate height of the SC gate structure is less than the first gate height of the LC gate structure. 13. The IC structure of claim 12, wherein the second gate height of the SC gate structure is at least 5 nanometers less than the first gate height of the LC gate structure. 14. The IC structure of claim 11, further comprising a cap layer over the LC gate structure and the SC gate structure, the cap layer being thicker over the SC gate structure than the LC gate structure. 15. The IC structure of claim 14, further comprising a dielectric layer over the cap layer, the LC gate structure and the SC gate structure, wherein the dielectric layer is thicker over the LC gate structure than the SC gate structure. 16. The IC structure of claim 15, further comprising a first contact in the dielectric layer to the LC gate structure and a second contact in the dielectric layer to the SC gate structure, wherein the second contact is longer than the first contact. 17. The IC structure of claim 11, wherein a bottom surface of the LC gate structure and the SC gate structure are substantially co-planar. 18. The IC structure of claim 11, further comprising a gate spacer abutting the SC gate structure, the gate spacer having a spacer height greater than the first gate height and the second gate height. 19. The IC structure of claim 18, wherein the spacer height is greater than the first gate height. 20. A method, comprising:
forming a gate material for a first gate structure over a first channel region and for a second gate structure over a second channel region, wherein the second channel region is shorter in length than the first channel region; planarizing the gate material, resulting in the first gate structure having a first gate height less than a second gate height of the second gate structure; forming a mask over the first gate structure, exposing the second gate structure; recessing the gate material to have the second gate height be no larger than the first gate height; removing the mask; and forming a contact to each of the first and second gate structures. | 3,700 |
346,468 | 16,804,872 | 3,763 | compositions comprising such compounds; the use of such compounds in therapy (for example in the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated); and methods of treating patients with such compounds; wherein R5, R6, R7, A, B, W, X, Y and Z are as defined herein. | 1. A method of treating a disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is impaired visual acuity, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, hereditary angioedema, diabetes, pancreatitis, cerebral haemorrhage, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, inflammation, septic shock, hypotension, cancer, adult respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, or bleeding from post operative surgery. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is retinal vascular permeability associated with diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is hereditary angioedema. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is diabetic macular edema. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein B is phenyl substituted with 1 to 4 of alkylb, alkoxy, OH, halo, CN, heteroaryl, COOR8, NHCOR8, CONR8R9, OCF3, or CF3; or B is benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, or a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms that are N, O or S; wherein said 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring is aromatic or non-aromatic; and wherein said benzothiophenyl, said benzofuranyl or said 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring is substituted with 1 to 3 of alkylb, alkoxy, OH, oxo, halo, CN, heteroaryl, COOR8, NHCOR8, CONR8R9, OCF3 or CF3. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein B is phenyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl or pyridyl, each substituted with 1 to 3 of alkylb, alkoxy, halo, CN, COOR8, CONR8R9, OCF3 or CF3. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein B is phenyl or pyridyl, each substituted with 1 to 3 of alkylb, alkoxy, CF3 or halo. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein B is pyridyl substituted with 1 to 3 of alkylb, alkoxy, CF3 or halo. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein W is C and X, Y and Z are independently C or N, such that the ring containing W, X, Y and Z is a five membered aromatic heterocycle. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein W is C, X is N and Y and Z are C or N. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein R5 and R6 are independently absent, or independently H, CH2OCH3, cycloalkyl, —NR8R9, —NR8COR9, CN or CF3; wherein at least one of R5 and R6 is present and is not H. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein R5 is CH2OCH3. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein (i) A is phenyl substituted with —(CH2)1-3-heteroaryl or —(CH2)1-3—NR10R11, or (ii) A is phenyl substituted with —(CH2)1-3-heteroaryl or —(CH2)1-3—NR10R11 independently substituted with 1 or 2 of alkyl, halo or CF3. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein (i) A is pyridyl substituted with heteroarylb or —NR10R11, or (ii) A is pyridyl substituted with heteroarylb or —NR10R11 independently substituted with 1 or 2 of alkyl, halo or CF3. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein R10 and R11 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered carbon containing heterocyclic ring, containing an additional N atom, which is saturated or unsaturated with 1 or 2 double bonds, and unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with oxo, methyl, Cl or F. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein A is: 18. The method of claim 1, wherein A is: 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is:
3-Amino-1-[4-(2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-ylmethyl)-benzyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid 2-fluoro-3-methoxy-benzylamide; N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[3-chloro-2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(5-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-cyclopropyl-N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-3,6-dimeth oxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-(dimethylamino)-N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-4-methyl phenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2,6-difluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethyl)-3-methoxyphenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-amino-N-{[2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-acetamido-N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(3-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(5-chloro-2-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(6-cyano-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[5-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethyl)-6-fluorophenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethyl)-5-methoxyphenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethyl)-6-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-carbamoyl-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-carbamoyl-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[3-(difluoromethoxy)-2-fluorophenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethoxy)-6-fluorophenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2,5-difluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-6-methyl phenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(6-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-amino-N-[(2-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(3-ethyl-2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-(methoxymethyl)-N-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2,6-difluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(4-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2,6-difluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(5-fluoro-2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(methoxymethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide; 3-amino-N-[(7-chloro-4-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; or 3-amino-N-[(7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. 20. A method of treating a disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is impaired visual acuity, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetes, pancreatitis, cerebral haemorrhage, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, inflammation, septic shock, hypotension, cancer, adult respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery or bleeding from post operative surgery. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is diabetic macular edema. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is retinal vascular permeability associated with diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema. | compositions comprising such compounds; the use of such compounds in therapy (for example in the treatment or prevention of a disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated); and methods of treating patients with such compounds; wherein R5, R6, R7, A, B, W, X, Y and Z are as defined herein.1. A method of treating a disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is impaired visual acuity, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, hereditary angioedema, diabetes, pancreatitis, cerebral haemorrhage, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, inflammation, septic shock, hypotension, cancer, adult respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, or bleeding from post operative surgery. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is retinal vascular permeability associated with diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is hereditary angioedema. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is diabetic macular edema. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein B is phenyl substituted with 1 to 4 of alkylb, alkoxy, OH, halo, CN, heteroaryl, COOR8, NHCOR8, CONR8R9, OCF3, or CF3; or B is benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, or a 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms that are N, O or S; wherein said 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring is aromatic or non-aromatic; and wherein said benzothiophenyl, said benzofuranyl or said 5 or 6 membered heterocyclic ring is substituted with 1 to 3 of alkylb, alkoxy, OH, oxo, halo, CN, heteroaryl, COOR8, NHCOR8, CONR8R9, OCF3 or CF3. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein B is phenyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl or pyridyl, each substituted with 1 to 3 of alkylb, alkoxy, halo, CN, COOR8, CONR8R9, OCF3 or CF3. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein B is phenyl or pyridyl, each substituted with 1 to 3 of alkylb, alkoxy, CF3 or halo. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein B is pyridyl substituted with 1 to 3 of alkylb, alkoxy, CF3 or halo. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein W is C and X, Y and Z are independently C or N, such that the ring containing W, X, Y and Z is a five membered aromatic heterocycle. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein W is C, X is N and Y and Z are C or N. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein R5 and R6 are independently absent, or independently H, CH2OCH3, cycloalkyl, —NR8R9, —NR8COR9, CN or CF3; wherein at least one of R5 and R6 is present and is not H. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein R5 is CH2OCH3. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein (i) A is phenyl substituted with —(CH2)1-3-heteroaryl or —(CH2)1-3—NR10R11, or (ii) A is phenyl substituted with —(CH2)1-3-heteroaryl or —(CH2)1-3—NR10R11 independently substituted with 1 or 2 of alkyl, halo or CF3. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein (i) A is pyridyl substituted with heteroarylb or —NR10R11, or (ii) A is pyridyl substituted with heteroarylb or —NR10R11 independently substituted with 1 or 2 of alkyl, halo or CF3. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein R10 and R11 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5- or 6-membered carbon containing heterocyclic ring, containing an additional N atom, which is saturated or unsaturated with 1 or 2 double bonds, and unsubstituted or mono- or di-substituted with oxo, methyl, Cl or F. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein A is: 18. The method of claim 1, wherein A is: 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound is:
3-Amino-1-[4-(2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-ylmethyl)-benzyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid 2-fluoro-3-methoxy-benzylamide; N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[3-chloro-2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(4-methylpyrazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(5-chloro-1-benzothiophen-3-yl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-cyclopropyl-N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-3,6-dimeth oxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-(dimethylamino)-N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-4-methyl phenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2,6-difluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethyl)-3-methoxyphenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-amino-N-{[2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-acetamido-N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(3-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(5-chloro-2-cyanophenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(6-cyano-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[5-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethyl)-6-fluorophenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethyl)-5-methoxyphenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethyl)-6-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-carbamoyl-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-carbamoyl-5-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[3-(difluoromethoxy)-2-fluorophenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-{[2-(difluoromethoxy)-6-fluorophenyl]methyl}-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2,5-difluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-6-methyl phenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(6-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-amino-N-[(2-fluoro-3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(3-ethyl-2-fluorophenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-(methoxymethyl)-N-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2,6-difluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(methoxymethyl)-1-({4-[(4-methyl-2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2,6-difluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(5-fluoro-2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-3-(methoxymethyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2-methyl-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide; N-[(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide; 3-amino-N-[(7-chloro-4-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide; or 3-amino-N-[(7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl)methyl]-1-({4-[(2-oxopyridin-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}methyl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof. 20. A method of treating a disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is impaired visual acuity, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetes, pancreatitis, cerebral haemorrhage, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, neuropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, inflammation, septic shock, hypotension, cancer, adult respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery or bleeding from post operative surgery. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is diabetic macular edema. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the disease or condition in which plasma kallikrein activity is implicated is retinal vascular permeability associated with diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema. | 3,700 |
346,469 | 16,804,925 | 3,763 | Various example embodiments described herein relate to an item conveying apparatus. The item conveying apparatus can include a lift device suspended from a ceiling. Further, the item conveying apparatus can include a conveyor. The conveyor can be at least partially engaged with the lift device. The lift device can cause manipulation of a position of the conveyor. Further, the conveyor can include a conveyor frame and multiple conveyor segments. The multiple conveyor segments can define a conveying surface for conveying an item. In this aspect, in an example, at least one conveyor segment can be adapted to (a) extend outwards from the conveyor frame to move the conveyor into an operational position and (b) retract, inwards within the conveyor frame to move the conveyor into a parking position. | 1. An item conveying apparatus comprising:
a lift device suspended from a ceiling; a conveyor at least partially engaged with the lift device, wherein the lift device is configured to manipulate a positioning of the conveyor, the conveyor comprising:
a conveyor frame;
a plurality of conveyor segments defining a conveying surface for an item,
wherein each conveyor segment of the plurality of conveyor segments is movable relative to the conveyor frame, wherein at least one conveyor segment of the plurality of the conveyor segments, upon receiving a command from a control unit, is adapted to:
extend, outwards from the conveyor frame to move the conveyor into an operational position; and
retract, inwards within the conveyor frame to move the conveyor into a parking position. 2. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lift device is an inverted scissor lift. 3. The item conveying apparatus of claim 2, wherein the lift device comprises at least two actuator elements, adapted to:
lower an actuation platform of the lift device to lower a height of the conveyor relative to a ground plane, wherein the actuation platform is coupled to the at least one conveyor segment of the conveyor; or raise the actuation platform of the lift device to raise the height of the conveyor relative to the ground plane. 4. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is a roller conveyor defined between two side rails of the conveyor frame. 5. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor comprises a plurality of drive wheel assemblies positioned within side rails defined by the conveyor frame, and wherein the drive wheel assemblies are adapted to move the at least one conveyor segment of the plurality of conveyor segments relative to the conveyor frame. 6. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is adapted to be moved to one of: the parking position, a retracted position, and the operational position, wherein:
in the operational position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are extended outwards from the conveyor frame; in the retracted position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are partially retracted within the conveyor frame; and in the parking position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are at least partially retracted within the conveyor frame and the conveyor is raised up, by the lift device, towards the ceiling at a parking height. 7. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is installed above an in-feed conveyor of a material handling environment and wherein one end of the conveyor extends to define an inclined path adapted to drop a first item from the conveyor onto a first conveying surface of the in-feed conveyor. 8. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is installed below an out-feed conveyor and wherein one end of the out-feed conveyor extends to define an inclined path adapted to, drop a second item from a second conveying surface of the out-feed conveyor onto the conveyor. 9. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is installed aside of a feed conveyor, and wherein each of the conveyor and the feed conveyor includes a first side deflector and a second side deflector respectively and wherein the first side deflector and the second side deflector are adapted to:
deflect an incoming third item from the feed conveyor to the conveyor; and deflect an incoming fourth item from the conveyor to the feed conveyor. 10. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is coupled to an item handling unit comprising:
an item transfer section, wherein at least a portion of the item transfer section is engaged to the lift device; and a sectional floor unit coupled to the item transfer section, the sectional floor unit configured to interface with an item carriage section of a vehicle, the sectional floor unit comprising:
a transfer flap coupled to an end of the conveyor, the transfer flap configured to interface with a portion of the item carriage section of the vehicle; and
a sectional floor garage defined beneath the conveyor, the sectional floor garage configured to receive a sectional floor surface of the vehicle. 11. The item conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the sectional floor unit of the item handling unit is coupled to the item carriage section of the vehicle based on an interfacing of the transfer flap with the portion of the item carriage section and a connection of a first drive cable of the sectional floor unit to a second drive cable of the item carriage section, wherein at least one of the first drive cable and the second drive cable is configured to slidably pull the sectional floor surface of the vehicle into the sectional floor garage. 12. A system comprising:
a conveyor suspended from a ceiling, the conveyor comprising:
a conveyor frame;
a plurality of conveyor segments movable relative to the conveyor frame, the plurality of conveyor segments defining a conveying surface for an item, wherein at least one conveyor segment of the plurality of the conveyor segments, upon receiving a command from a control unit, is adapted to:
extend outwards from the conveyor frame; and
retract inwards within the conveyor frame. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a lift device suspended from the ceiling, wherein the conveyor is at least partially engaged with the lift device. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the lift device is an inverted scissor lift. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the lift device comprises at least two actuator elements, adapted to:
lower an actuation platform of the lift device to lower a height of the conveyor relative to a ground plane, wherein the actuation platform is coupled to the at least one conveyor segment of the conveyor; or raise the actuation platform to raise the height of the conveyor relative to the ground plane. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the conveyor is a roller conveyor defined between two side rails of the conveyor frame, and wherein the roller conveyor comprises a plurality of drive wheel assemblies positioned within side rails defined by the conveyor frame, and wherein the drive wheel assemblies are adapted to move the at least one conveyor segment of the plurality of conveyor segments relative to the conveyor frame. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the conveyor is adapted to be moved to one of: a parking position, a retracted position, and an operational position, and wherein:
in the operational position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are extended outwards from the conveyor frame; in the retracted position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are partially retracted within the conveyor frame; and in the parking position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are at least partially retracted within the conveyor frame and the conveyor is raised up, by the lift device, towards the ceiling at a parking height. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the conveyor is coupled to an item handling unit comprising:
an item transfer section, wherein at least a portion of the item transfer section is engaged to the lift device; and a sectional floor unit coupled to the item transfer section, the sectional floor unit configured to interface with an item carriage section of a vehicle, the sectional floor unit comprising:
a transfer flap coupled to the conveyor, the transfer flap configured to interface with a portion of the item carriage section of the vehicle; and
a sectional floor garage defined beneath the conveyor, the sectional floor garage configured to receive a sectional floor surface of the vehicle. 19. A method for handling items in a material handling environment, the method comprising:
actuating a lift device to position a conveyor coupled to the lift device at a predetermined height relative to an item carriage section of a transport carrier, wherein the conveyor is suspended from a ceiling; extending at least one conveyor segment of the conveyor, outwards to position the conveyor in an operating position; upon positioning the conveyor in the operating position, signaling one of: (i) an outflow of a first item by transferring the first item from a source conveyor to the conveyor or (ii) an inflow of a second item by transferring the second item from the conveyor to the source conveyor; and retracting, the at least one conveyor segment of the conveyor, inwards so as to position the conveyor in a parking position. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the conveyor is coupled to an item handling unit, and wherein the method further comprises:
interfacing a sectional floor unit of the item handling unit with the item carriage section of the transport carrier; and
receiving a sectional floor surface of the item carriage section of the transport carrier into a sectional floor garage defined beneath the conveyor to unload a plurality of items from the transport carrier onto the conveyor of the item handling unit. | Various example embodiments described herein relate to an item conveying apparatus. The item conveying apparatus can include a lift device suspended from a ceiling. Further, the item conveying apparatus can include a conveyor. The conveyor can be at least partially engaged with the lift device. The lift device can cause manipulation of a position of the conveyor. Further, the conveyor can include a conveyor frame and multiple conveyor segments. The multiple conveyor segments can define a conveying surface for conveying an item. In this aspect, in an example, at least one conveyor segment can be adapted to (a) extend outwards from the conveyor frame to move the conveyor into an operational position and (b) retract, inwards within the conveyor frame to move the conveyor into a parking position.1. An item conveying apparatus comprising:
a lift device suspended from a ceiling; a conveyor at least partially engaged with the lift device, wherein the lift device is configured to manipulate a positioning of the conveyor, the conveyor comprising:
a conveyor frame;
a plurality of conveyor segments defining a conveying surface for an item,
wherein each conveyor segment of the plurality of conveyor segments is movable relative to the conveyor frame, wherein at least one conveyor segment of the plurality of the conveyor segments, upon receiving a command from a control unit, is adapted to:
extend, outwards from the conveyor frame to move the conveyor into an operational position; and
retract, inwards within the conveyor frame to move the conveyor into a parking position. 2. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lift device is an inverted scissor lift. 3. The item conveying apparatus of claim 2, wherein the lift device comprises at least two actuator elements, adapted to:
lower an actuation platform of the lift device to lower a height of the conveyor relative to a ground plane, wherein the actuation platform is coupled to the at least one conveyor segment of the conveyor; or raise the actuation platform of the lift device to raise the height of the conveyor relative to the ground plane. 4. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is a roller conveyor defined between two side rails of the conveyor frame. 5. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor comprises a plurality of drive wheel assemblies positioned within side rails defined by the conveyor frame, and wherein the drive wheel assemblies are adapted to move the at least one conveyor segment of the plurality of conveyor segments relative to the conveyor frame. 6. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is adapted to be moved to one of: the parking position, a retracted position, and the operational position, wherein:
in the operational position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are extended outwards from the conveyor frame; in the retracted position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are partially retracted within the conveyor frame; and in the parking position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are at least partially retracted within the conveyor frame and the conveyor is raised up, by the lift device, towards the ceiling at a parking height. 7. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is installed above an in-feed conveyor of a material handling environment and wherein one end of the conveyor extends to define an inclined path adapted to drop a first item from the conveyor onto a first conveying surface of the in-feed conveyor. 8. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is installed below an out-feed conveyor and wherein one end of the out-feed conveyor extends to define an inclined path adapted to, drop a second item from a second conveying surface of the out-feed conveyor onto the conveyor. 9. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is installed aside of a feed conveyor, and wherein each of the conveyor and the feed conveyor includes a first side deflector and a second side deflector respectively and wherein the first side deflector and the second side deflector are adapted to:
deflect an incoming third item from the feed conveyor to the conveyor; and deflect an incoming fourth item from the conveyor to the feed conveyor. 10. The item conveying apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conveyor is coupled to an item handling unit comprising:
an item transfer section, wherein at least a portion of the item transfer section is engaged to the lift device; and a sectional floor unit coupled to the item transfer section, the sectional floor unit configured to interface with an item carriage section of a vehicle, the sectional floor unit comprising:
a transfer flap coupled to an end of the conveyor, the transfer flap configured to interface with a portion of the item carriage section of the vehicle; and
a sectional floor garage defined beneath the conveyor, the sectional floor garage configured to receive a sectional floor surface of the vehicle. 11. The item conveying apparatus of claim 10, wherein the sectional floor unit of the item handling unit is coupled to the item carriage section of the vehicle based on an interfacing of the transfer flap with the portion of the item carriage section and a connection of a first drive cable of the sectional floor unit to a second drive cable of the item carriage section, wherein at least one of the first drive cable and the second drive cable is configured to slidably pull the sectional floor surface of the vehicle into the sectional floor garage. 12. A system comprising:
a conveyor suspended from a ceiling, the conveyor comprising:
a conveyor frame;
a plurality of conveyor segments movable relative to the conveyor frame, the plurality of conveyor segments defining a conveying surface for an item, wherein at least one conveyor segment of the plurality of the conveyor segments, upon receiving a command from a control unit, is adapted to:
extend outwards from the conveyor frame; and
retract inwards within the conveyor frame. 13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a lift device suspended from the ceiling, wherein the conveyor is at least partially engaged with the lift device. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the lift device is an inverted scissor lift. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the lift device comprises at least two actuator elements, adapted to:
lower an actuation platform of the lift device to lower a height of the conveyor relative to a ground plane, wherein the actuation platform is coupled to the at least one conveyor segment of the conveyor; or raise the actuation platform to raise the height of the conveyor relative to the ground plane. 16. The system of claim 12, wherein the conveyor is a roller conveyor defined between two side rails of the conveyor frame, and wherein the roller conveyor comprises a plurality of drive wheel assemblies positioned within side rails defined by the conveyor frame, and wherein the drive wheel assemblies are adapted to move the at least one conveyor segment of the plurality of conveyor segments relative to the conveyor frame. 17. The system of claim 13, wherein the conveyor is adapted to be moved to one of: a parking position, a retracted position, and an operational position, and wherein:
in the operational position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are extended outwards from the conveyor frame; in the retracted position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are partially retracted within the conveyor frame; and in the parking position, the plurality of conveyor segments of the conveyor are at least partially retracted within the conveyor frame and the conveyor is raised up, by the lift device, towards the ceiling at a parking height. 18. The system of claim 13, wherein the conveyor is coupled to an item handling unit comprising:
an item transfer section, wherein at least a portion of the item transfer section is engaged to the lift device; and a sectional floor unit coupled to the item transfer section, the sectional floor unit configured to interface with an item carriage section of a vehicle, the sectional floor unit comprising:
a transfer flap coupled to the conveyor, the transfer flap configured to interface with a portion of the item carriage section of the vehicle; and
a sectional floor garage defined beneath the conveyor, the sectional floor garage configured to receive a sectional floor surface of the vehicle. 19. A method for handling items in a material handling environment, the method comprising:
actuating a lift device to position a conveyor coupled to the lift device at a predetermined height relative to an item carriage section of a transport carrier, wherein the conveyor is suspended from a ceiling; extending at least one conveyor segment of the conveyor, outwards to position the conveyor in an operating position; upon positioning the conveyor in the operating position, signaling one of: (i) an outflow of a first item by transferring the first item from a source conveyor to the conveyor or (ii) an inflow of a second item by transferring the second item from the conveyor to the source conveyor; and retracting, the at least one conveyor segment of the conveyor, inwards so as to position the conveyor in a parking position. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the conveyor is coupled to an item handling unit, and wherein the method further comprises:
interfacing a sectional floor unit of the item handling unit with the item carriage section of the transport carrier; and
receiving a sectional floor surface of the item carriage section of the transport carrier into a sectional floor garage defined beneath the conveyor to unload a plurality of items from the transport carrier onto the conveyor of the item handling unit. | 3,700 |
346,470 | 16,804,896 | 3,763 | A method, system, and computer program product are provided. During creating a document by a creation module, the content of the document is analyzed. Sources used while creating the document are analyzed using NLP, sentiment analysis, tone analysis, speech-to-text, and visual recognition. The sources are associated with a location in the document. Sources are filtered out based on a degree of correlation to the document. Sources are linked to the document where a correlation is found between the document and the sources. The linked sources are stored in a database for recall. During a presentation of the document, upon receiving a question, the question is analyzed to determine a relevant logical section of the document, and the relevant sources are retrieved. | 1. A method for source linking and subsequent recall, comprising:
during creating a user created document by a creation module:
analyzing content in the user created document, and analyzing sources used while creating the user created document, wherein the analyzing of the sources includes applying an NLP, a sentiment analysis, a tone analysis, a speech-to-text analysis, and a visual recognition analysis to the sources;
associating the sources with a location in the user created document and filtering out the sources based on a degree of correlation to the user created document;
linking the sources to the user created document where the degree of correlation is found between the user created document and the sources; and
storing the sources in a database for recall; and
during a presentation of the user created document:
receiving a question;
analyzing the question to determine a relevant logical section of the user created document; and
retrieving the sources relevant to answering the question. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyzing the content further comprises:
based on determining that the user created document is touched within a threshold time, adding the sources being accessed to a potential source list; dividing the user created document into the logical sections; beginning with a first logical section in the user created document, and proceeding through each logical section:
iterating through each entry in the potential source list;
determining the degree of correlation between a current logical section and a current source in the potential source list;
based on the degree of correlation being at least a threshold, adding the current source to an ordered list ordered by the degree of correlation; and
storing the current source ordered list entry to a linked reference material database. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the degree of correlation is a configurable threshold based on a quantity of overlapping content between the current source in the potential source list and the current logical section. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a configurable timer is set to calculate the threshold time since the user created document is last touched, and wherein the configurable timer is set based on a type of the user created document being created. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
tokenizing and analyzing the question applying the NLP, the sentiment analysis, the tone analysis, the speech-to-text analysis, and the visual recognition analysis to the sources; comparing the user created document to the tokenized and analyzed question to locate the logical section in the user created document to which the question pertains; and in response to locating in the user created document the logical section to which the question pertains, displaying the logical section and launching the linked source, based on the degree of correlation. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
altering a future logical section in the user created document to insert content from the linked source, thereby avoiding the launching of the linked source, wherein the altering includes:
inserting the content into the user created document;
representing the inserted content by a clickable icon; and
in response to clicking the clickable icon, displaying the inserted content. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the logical section of the user created document or the source that includes the response to the question is highlighted. 8. A computer program product for source linking and subsequent recall, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory tangible storage device having program code embodied therewith, the program code executable by a processor of a computer to perform a method, the method comprising:
during creating a user created document by a creation module:
analyzing content in the user created document, and analyzing sources used while creating the user created document, wherein the analyzing of the sources includes applying an NLP analysis, a sentiment analysis, a tone analysis, a speech-to-text analysis, and a visual recognition analysis to the sources;
associating the sources with a location in the user created document and filtering out the sources based on a degree of correlation to the user created document;
linking the sources to the user created document where the degree of correlation is found between the user created document and the sources; and
storing the sources in a database for recall; and
during a presentation of the user created document:
receiving a question;
analyzing the question to determine a relevant logical section of the user created document; and
retrieving the sources relevant to answering the question. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the analyzing the content further comprises:
based on determining that the user created document is touched within a threshold time, adding the sources being accessed to a potential source list; dividing the user created document into the logical sections; beginning with a first logical section in the user created document, and proceeding through each logical section:
iterating through each entry in the potential source list;
determining the degree of correlation between a current logical section and a current source in the potential source list;
based on the degree of correlation being at least a threshold, adding the current source to an ordered list ordered by the degree of correlation; and
storing the current source ordered list entry to a linked reference material database. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the degree of correlation is a configurable threshold based on a quantity of overlapping content between the current source in the potential source list and the current logical section. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein a configurable timer is set to calculate the threshold time since the user created document is last touched, and wherein the configurable timer is set based on a type of the user created document being created. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein a configurable timer is set to calculate the threshold time since the user created document is last touched, and wherein the configurable timer is set based on a type of the user created document being created. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising:
tokenizing and analyzing the question using the NLP analysis, the sentiment analysis, the tone analysis, and the speech-to-text analysis; comparing the user created document to the tokenized and analyzed question to locate the logical section in the user created document to which the question pertains; and in response to locating in the user created document the logical section to which the question pertains, displaying the logical section and launching the linked source, based on the degree of correlation. 14. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein:
the comparing the user created document is simultaneously performed backwards and forwards from a current position in the document. 15. A computer system for source linking and subsequent recall, comprising:
during creating a user created document by a creation module:
analyzing content in the user created document, and analyzing sources used while creating the user created document, wherein the analyzing of the sources includes applying an NLP analysis, a sentiment analysis, a tone analysis, a speech-to-text analysis, and a visual recognition analysis to the sources;
associating the sources with a location in the user created document and filtering out the sources based on a degree of correlation to the user created document;
linking the sources to the user created document where the degree of correlation is found between the user created document and the sources; and
storing the sources in a database for recall; and
during a presentation of the user created document:
receiving a question;
analyzing the question to determine a relevant logical section of the user created document; and
retrieving the sources relevant to answering the question. 16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the analyzing the content further comprises:
based on determining that the user created document is touched within a threshold time, adding the sources being accessed to a potential source list; dividing the user created document into the logical sections; beginning with a first logical section in the user created document, and proceeding through each logical section:
iterating through each entry in the potential source list;
determining the degree of correlation between a current logical section and a current source in the potential source list;
based on the degree of correlation being at least a threshold, adding the current source to an ordered list ordered by the degree of correlation; and
storing the current source ordered list entry to a linked reference material database. 17. The computer system of claim 16, wherein the degree of correlation is a configurable threshold based on a quantity of overlapping content between the current source in the potential source list and the current logical section. 18. The computer system of claim 16, wherein a configurable timer is set to calculate the threshold time since the user created document is last touched, and wherein the configurable timer is set based on a type of the user created document being created. 19. The computer system of claim 16, wherein a configurable timer is set to calculate the threshold time since the user created document is last touched, and wherein the configurable timer is set based on a type of the user created document being created. 20. The computer system of claim 15, further comprising:
tokenizing and analyzing the question using the NLP analysis, the sentiment analysis, the tone analysis, and the speech-to-text analysis; comparing the user created document to the tokenized and analyzed question to locate the logical section in the user created document to which the question pertains; and in response to locating in the user created document the logical section to which the question pertains, displaying the logical section and launching the linked source, based on the degree of correlation. | A method, system, and computer program product are provided. During creating a document by a creation module, the content of the document is analyzed. Sources used while creating the document are analyzed using NLP, sentiment analysis, tone analysis, speech-to-text, and visual recognition. The sources are associated with a location in the document. Sources are filtered out based on a degree of correlation to the document. Sources are linked to the document where a correlation is found between the document and the sources. The linked sources are stored in a database for recall. During a presentation of the document, upon receiving a question, the question is analyzed to determine a relevant logical section of the document, and the relevant sources are retrieved.1. A method for source linking and subsequent recall, comprising:
during creating a user created document by a creation module:
analyzing content in the user created document, and analyzing sources used while creating the user created document, wherein the analyzing of the sources includes applying an NLP, a sentiment analysis, a tone analysis, a speech-to-text analysis, and a visual recognition analysis to the sources;
associating the sources with a location in the user created document and filtering out the sources based on a degree of correlation to the user created document;
linking the sources to the user created document where the degree of correlation is found between the user created document and the sources; and
storing the sources in a database for recall; and
during a presentation of the user created document:
receiving a question;
analyzing the question to determine a relevant logical section of the user created document; and
retrieving the sources relevant to answering the question. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyzing the content further comprises:
based on determining that the user created document is touched within a threshold time, adding the sources being accessed to a potential source list; dividing the user created document into the logical sections; beginning with a first logical section in the user created document, and proceeding through each logical section:
iterating through each entry in the potential source list;
determining the degree of correlation between a current logical section and a current source in the potential source list;
based on the degree of correlation being at least a threshold, adding the current source to an ordered list ordered by the degree of correlation; and
storing the current source ordered list entry to a linked reference material database. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the degree of correlation is a configurable threshold based on a quantity of overlapping content between the current source in the potential source list and the current logical section. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein a configurable timer is set to calculate the threshold time since the user created document is last touched, and wherein the configurable timer is set based on a type of the user created document being created. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
tokenizing and analyzing the question applying the NLP, the sentiment analysis, the tone analysis, the speech-to-text analysis, and the visual recognition analysis to the sources; comparing the user created document to the tokenized and analyzed question to locate the logical section in the user created document to which the question pertains; and in response to locating in the user created document the logical section to which the question pertains, displaying the logical section and launching the linked source, based on the degree of correlation. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
altering a future logical section in the user created document to insert content from the linked source, thereby avoiding the launching of the linked source, wherein the altering includes:
inserting the content into the user created document;
representing the inserted content by a clickable icon; and
in response to clicking the clickable icon, displaying the inserted content. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the logical section of the user created document or the source that includes the response to the question is highlighted. 8. A computer program product for source linking and subsequent recall, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory tangible storage device having program code embodied therewith, the program code executable by a processor of a computer to perform a method, the method comprising:
during creating a user created document by a creation module:
analyzing content in the user created document, and analyzing sources used while creating the user created document, wherein the analyzing of the sources includes applying an NLP analysis, a sentiment analysis, a tone analysis, a speech-to-text analysis, and a visual recognition analysis to the sources;
associating the sources with a location in the user created document and filtering out the sources based on a degree of correlation to the user created document;
linking the sources to the user created document where the degree of correlation is found between the user created document and the sources; and
storing the sources in a database for recall; and
during a presentation of the user created document:
receiving a question;
analyzing the question to determine a relevant logical section of the user created document; and
retrieving the sources relevant to answering the question. 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the analyzing the content further comprises:
based on determining that the user created document is touched within a threshold time, adding the sources being accessed to a potential source list; dividing the user created document into the logical sections; beginning with a first logical section in the user created document, and proceeding through each logical section:
iterating through each entry in the potential source list;
determining the degree of correlation between a current logical section and a current source in the potential source list;
based on the degree of correlation being at least a threshold, adding the current source to an ordered list ordered by the degree of correlation; and
storing the current source ordered list entry to a linked reference material database. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the degree of correlation is a configurable threshold based on a quantity of overlapping content between the current source in the potential source list and the current logical section. 11. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein a configurable timer is set to calculate the threshold time since the user created document is last touched, and wherein the configurable timer is set based on a type of the user created document being created. 12. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein a configurable timer is set to calculate the threshold time since the user created document is last touched, and wherein the configurable timer is set based on a type of the user created document being created. 13. The computer program product of claim 8, further comprising:
tokenizing and analyzing the question using the NLP analysis, the sentiment analysis, the tone analysis, and the speech-to-text analysis; comparing the user created document to the tokenized and analyzed question to locate the logical section in the user created document to which the question pertains; and in response to locating in the user created document the logical section to which the question pertains, displaying the logical section and launching the linked source, based on the degree of correlation. 14. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein:
the comparing the user created document is simultaneously performed backwards and forwards from a current position in the document. 15. A computer system for source linking and subsequent recall, comprising:
during creating a user created document by a creation module:
analyzing content in the user created document, and analyzing sources used while creating the user created document, wherein the analyzing of the sources includes applying an NLP analysis, a sentiment analysis, a tone analysis, a speech-to-text analysis, and a visual recognition analysis to the sources;
associating the sources with a location in the user created document and filtering out the sources based on a degree of correlation to the user created document;
linking the sources to the user created document where the degree of correlation is found between the user created document and the sources; and
storing the sources in a database for recall; and
during a presentation of the user created document:
receiving a question;
analyzing the question to determine a relevant logical section of the user created document; and
retrieving the sources relevant to answering the question. 16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the analyzing the content further comprises:
based on determining that the user created document is touched within a threshold time, adding the sources being accessed to a potential source list; dividing the user created document into the logical sections; beginning with a first logical section in the user created document, and proceeding through each logical section:
iterating through each entry in the potential source list;
determining the degree of correlation between a current logical section and a current source in the potential source list;
based on the degree of correlation being at least a threshold, adding the current source to an ordered list ordered by the degree of correlation; and
storing the current source ordered list entry to a linked reference material database. 17. The computer system of claim 16, wherein the degree of correlation is a configurable threshold based on a quantity of overlapping content between the current source in the potential source list and the current logical section. 18. The computer system of claim 16, wherein a configurable timer is set to calculate the threshold time since the user created document is last touched, and wherein the configurable timer is set based on a type of the user created document being created. 19. The computer system of claim 16, wherein a configurable timer is set to calculate the threshold time since the user created document is last touched, and wherein the configurable timer is set based on a type of the user created document being created. 20. The computer system of claim 15, further comprising:
tokenizing and analyzing the question using the NLP analysis, the sentiment analysis, the tone analysis, and the speech-to-text analysis; comparing the user created document to the tokenized and analyzed question to locate the logical section in the user created document to which the question pertains; and in response to locating in the user created document the logical section to which the question pertains, displaying the logical section and launching the linked source, based on the degree of correlation. | 3,700 |
346,471 | 16,804,934 | 3,763 | A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising: a brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for exerting a braking torque on the wheel; a computer situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the computer and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured to receive the first control signals and to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators. | 1. A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising:
a brake for braking a wheel of an undercarriage of the aircraft, the brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for applying a braking force against the friction members and thereby exerting a braking torque on the wheel, each electromechanical actuator including a body having integrated therein an electric motor, a power module for generating a power supply current for the electric motor, and a digital communication module; a computer situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the computer and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured and arranged to receive the first control signals, the junction box comprising electrical processor means configured and arranged to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators, the electrical processor means of the junction box being arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators or a braking control function. 2. The architecture according to claim 1, wherein the electrical processor means of the junction box are configured and arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators, and wherein the first control signals comprise digital braking control signals and the second control signals comprise digital signals for controlling the electric motors. 3. The architecture according to claim 1, wherein the digital communication module of each electromechanical actuator is arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motor of said electromechanical actuator, wherein the electrical processor means of the junction box are configured and arranged to perform a braking control function, and wherein the first control signals comprise a braking setpoint and the second control signals comprise digital braking control signals. 4. The architecture according to claim 1, wherein the digital communication module of each electromechanical actuator is arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motor of said electromechanical actuator, wherein the electrical processor means of the junction box are configured and arranged to perform a braking control function. 5. The architecture according to claim 4, wherein the first control signals comprise a braking setpoint and the second control signals comprise digital braking control signals. 6. A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising:
a brake arranged to brake a wheel of an undercarriage of the aircraft, the brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for applying a braking force against the friction members to exert a braking torque on the wheel, each electromechanical actuator including a body having integrated therein an electric motor, a power circuit that generates a power supply current for the electric motor, and a digital communication circuit; a control circuit situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the control circuit and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured and arranged to receive the first control signals, the junction box comprising a processing circuit configured and arranged to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators, the processing circuit of the junction box being arranged to perform a braking control function. 7. The architecture according to claim 6, wherein the processing circuit of the junction box is configured and arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators, and wherein the first control signals comprise digital braking control signals and the second control signals comprise digital signals for controlling the electric motors. 8. The architecture according to claim 6, wherein the digital communication circuit of each electromechanical actuator is arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motor of said electromechanical actuator. 9. The architecture according to claim 8, wherein the first control signals comprise a braking setpoint and the second control signals comprise digital braking control signals. 10. A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising:
a brake arranged to brake a wheel of an undercarriage of the aircraft, the brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for applying a braking force against the friction members to exert a braking torque on the wheel, each electromechanical actuator including a body having integrated therein an electric motor, a power circuit that generates a power supply current for the electric motor, and a digital communication circuit; a control circuit situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the control and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured and arranged to receive the first control signals, the junction box comprising a processing circuit configured and arranged to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators, the processing circuit of the junction box being arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators. 11. The architecture according to claim 10, wherein the first control signals comprise digital braking control signals and the second control signals comprise digital signals for controlling the electric motors. 12. The architecture according to claim 10, wherein the processing circuit of the junction box is arranged to perform a braking control function. 13. The architecture according to claim 12, wherein the first control signals comprise a braking setpoint and the second control signals comprise digital braking control signals | A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising: a brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for exerting a braking torque on the wheel; a computer situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the computer and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured to receive the first control signals and to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators.1. A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising:
a brake for braking a wheel of an undercarriage of the aircraft, the brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for applying a braking force against the friction members and thereby exerting a braking torque on the wheel, each electromechanical actuator including a body having integrated therein an electric motor, a power module for generating a power supply current for the electric motor, and a digital communication module; a computer situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the computer and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured and arranged to receive the first control signals, the junction box comprising electrical processor means configured and arranged to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators, the electrical processor means of the junction box being arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators or a braking control function. 2. The architecture according to claim 1, wherein the electrical processor means of the junction box are configured and arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators, and wherein the first control signals comprise digital braking control signals and the second control signals comprise digital signals for controlling the electric motors. 3. The architecture according to claim 1, wherein the digital communication module of each electromechanical actuator is arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motor of said electromechanical actuator, wherein the electrical processor means of the junction box are configured and arranged to perform a braking control function, and wherein the first control signals comprise a braking setpoint and the second control signals comprise digital braking control signals. 4. The architecture according to claim 1, wherein the digital communication module of each electromechanical actuator is arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motor of said electromechanical actuator, wherein the electrical processor means of the junction box are configured and arranged to perform a braking control function. 5. The architecture according to claim 4, wherein the first control signals comprise a braking setpoint and the second control signals comprise digital braking control signals. 6. A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising:
a brake arranged to brake a wheel of an undercarriage of the aircraft, the brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for applying a braking force against the friction members to exert a braking torque on the wheel, each electromechanical actuator including a body having integrated therein an electric motor, a power circuit that generates a power supply current for the electric motor, and a digital communication circuit; a control circuit situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the control circuit and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured and arranged to receive the first control signals, the junction box comprising a processing circuit configured and arranged to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators, the processing circuit of the junction box being arranged to perform a braking control function. 7. The architecture according to claim 6, wherein the processing circuit of the junction box is configured and arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators, and wherein the first control signals comprise digital braking control signals and the second control signals comprise digital signals for controlling the electric motors. 8. The architecture according to claim 6, wherein the digital communication circuit of each electromechanical actuator is arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motor of said electromechanical actuator. 9. The architecture according to claim 8, wherein the first control signals comprise a braking setpoint and the second control signals comprise digital braking control signals. 10. A braking system architecture for aircraft, the architecture comprising:
a brake arranged to brake a wheel of an undercarriage of the aircraft, the brake including friction members and electromechanical actuators for applying a braking force against the friction members to exert a braking torque on the wheel, each electromechanical actuator including a body having integrated therein an electric motor, a power circuit that generates a power supply current for the electric motor, and a digital communication circuit; a control circuit situated in the fuselage of the aircraft and arranged to produce first control signals; and a junction box situated on the undercarriage, the junction box being connected to the control and to the electromechanical actuators, the junction box being configured and arranged to receive the first control signals, the junction box comprising a processing circuit configured and arranged to use the first control signals to produce second control signals for application to the electromechanical actuators in order to control the electromechanical actuators, the processing circuit of the junction box being arranged to perform a function of monitoring and controlling the electric motors of the electromechanical actuators. 11. The architecture according to claim 10, wherein the first control signals comprise digital braking control signals and the second control signals comprise digital signals for controlling the electric motors. 12. The architecture according to claim 10, wherein the processing circuit of the junction box is arranged to perform a braking control function. 13. The architecture according to claim 12, wherein the first control signals comprise a braking setpoint and the second control signals comprise digital braking control signals | 3,700 |
346,472 | 16,804,878 | 3,763 | This document relates to methods and materials for providing stimulation or ablation to the stellate ganglion. For example, this document relates to methods and devices for providing stimulation or ablation to the stellate ganglion to modify blood pressure. | 1. A method of modulating hemodynamic parameters of a patient, the method comprising:
positioning a device comprising a first electrode proximal one of a stellate ganglion or a subclavius ansa; and delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode comprises delivering stimulation with a first set of stimulation parameters to increase a blood pressure of the patient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode comprises delivering stimulation with a second set of stimulation parameters to decrease a blood pressure of the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising securing the device proximal to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein securing the device comprises at least one of:
screwing a portion of the device into one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa, screwing a portion of the device into tissue proximal one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa, securing the device proximal one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa via a barb, securing the device proximal one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa via a hook, or clamping a portion of the device around one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling a proximal portion of the device to a stimulation generator. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the device further comprises a second electrode distal the first electrode, and further comprising positioning the second electrode proximal a portion of a heart of the patient. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising delivering stimulation via the second electrode. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising sensing a change in blood pressure of the patient via the first electrode. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa comprises delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa in response to the change in blood pressure of the patient. 11. The method of claim 7, further comprising sensing a blood pressure of the patient via the second electrode. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa comprises delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa in response to the change in blood pressure of the patient. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing a blood pressure. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein sensing the blood pressure comprises sensing the blood pressure via the first electrode. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa comprises delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa in response to a change in the blood pressure of the patient. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein sensing the blood pressure comprises sensing the blood pressure via one of a pressure sensor or plethysmograph. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa comprises delivering a stimulatory sequence. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising recording a response to the stimulatory sequence. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising determining an increase or a decrease in activity in response due to the stimulatory sequence. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising determining if the device was positioned in a correct direction based on the increase or the decrease in activity. | This document relates to methods and materials for providing stimulation or ablation to the stellate ganglion. For example, this document relates to methods and devices for providing stimulation or ablation to the stellate ganglion to modify blood pressure.1. A method of modulating hemodynamic parameters of a patient, the method comprising:
positioning a device comprising a first electrode proximal one of a stellate ganglion or a subclavius ansa; and delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode comprises delivering stimulation with a first set of stimulation parameters to increase a blood pressure of the patient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode comprises delivering stimulation with a second set of stimulation parameters to decrease a blood pressure of the patient. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising securing the device proximal to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein securing the device comprises at least one of:
screwing a portion of the device into one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa, screwing a portion of the device into tissue proximal one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa, securing the device proximal one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa via a barb, securing the device proximal one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa via a hook, or clamping a portion of the device around one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising coupling a proximal portion of the device to a stimulation generator. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the device further comprises a second electrode distal the first electrode, and further comprising positioning the second electrode proximal a portion of a heart of the patient. 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising delivering stimulation via the second electrode. 9. The method of claim 7, further comprising sensing a change in blood pressure of the patient via the first electrode. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa comprises delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa in response to the change in blood pressure of the patient. 11. The method of claim 7, further comprising sensing a blood pressure of the patient via the second electrode. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa comprises delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa in response to the change in blood pressure of the patient. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing a blood pressure. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein sensing the blood pressure comprises sensing the blood pressure via the first electrode. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa comprises delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa in response to a change in the blood pressure of the patient. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein sensing the blood pressure comprises sensing the blood pressure via one of a pressure sensor or plethysmograph. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering stimulation via the first electrode to one of the stellate ganglion or the subclavius ansa comprises delivering a stimulatory sequence. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising recording a response to the stimulatory sequence. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising determining an increase or a decrease in activity in response due to the stimulatory sequence. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising determining if the device was positioned in a correct direction based on the increase or the decrease in activity. | 3,700 |
346,473 | 16,804,930 | 3,763 | A method includes: receiving, by a multicast service management network element, a request message from a control plane network element, where the request message carries information about a first local area network; allocating a first multicast transmission path corresponding to the first local area network, where the first multicast transmission path is used to transmit multicast data of the first local area network; sends information about the first multicast transmission path to the control plane network element; receiving first multicast data from a user plane network element, and determining that the first multicast data is the multicast data of the first local area network; and broadcasts the first multicast data to an access network device in the first local area network through the first multicast transmission path. | 1. A data transmission method, comprising:
sending, by a control plane network element, a request message to a multicast service management network element, wherein the request message carries information about a first local area network; receiving, by the multicast service management network element, the request message from the control plane network element; allocating, by the multicast service management network element in response to the request message, a first multicast transmission path corresponding to the first local area network, wherein the first multicast transmission path is used to broadcast multicast data of the first local area network; sending, by the multicast service management network element, information about the first multicast transmission path to the control plane network element; receiving, by the control plane network element, the information about the first multicast transmission path from the multicast service management network element; sending, by the control plane network element, the information about the first multicast transmission path to an access network device in the first local area network; receiving, by the access network device, the information about the first multicast transmission path from the control plane network element; broadcasting, by the access network device, the information about the first multicast transmission path to a terminal device in the first local area network; receiving, by the multicast service management network element, first multicast data from a user plane network element, and determining that the first multicast data is the multicast data of the first local area network; broadcasting, by the multicast service management network element, the first multicast data to the access network device in the first local area network through the first multicast transmission path; and broadcasting, by the access network device, the received multicast data to the terminal device in the first local area network. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein receiving the first multicast data and determining that the first multicast data is the multicast data of the first local area network comprises:
receiving, by the multicast service management network element, the first multicast data from the user plane network element through an uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network; and determining, by the multicast service management network element based on an identifier of the uplink data tunnel, that the first multicast data is the multicast data of the first local area network. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the information about the first local area network comprises an identifier of the first local area network, and the method further comprises:
allocating, by the multicast service management network element, the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network, and sending the identifier of the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network to the control plane network element, wherein the uplink data tunnel is used to transmit the multicast data of the first local area network. 4. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, by the multicast service management network element, a connection request message from the control plane network element, wherein the connection request message carries an identifier of the first local area network; and allocating, by the multicast service management network element, the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network, and sending the identifier of the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network to the control plane network element, wherein the uplink data tunnel is used to transmit the multicast data of the first local area network. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the information about the first local area network comprises the identifier of the first local area network and information about a cell covered by the first local area network, and the cell covered by the first local area network comprises a first cell in which a first terminal device sending the multicast data is located. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
receiving, by the multicast service management network element, an update request from the control plane network element, wherein the update request comprises information about a second cell to which the first terminal device moves and the information about the first local area network; updating, by the multicast service management network element based on the information about the second cell and the information about the first local area network, information about a cell covered by the first multicast transmission path, wherein updated information about the cell covered by the first multicast transmission path comprises the information about the second cell; and broadcasting, by the multicast service management network element, the multicast data of the first local area network to an access network device in the second cell through the first multicast transmission path. 7. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
obtaining, by the control plane network element, information about a second cell to which the first terminal device moves; and sending, by the control plane network element, an update request to the multicast service management network element, wherein the update request comprises the information about the second cell and the information about the first local area network. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
sending, by the control plane network element, a connection request message to the multicast service management network element, wherein the connection request message carries the identifier of the first local area network, the connection request message is used to request to allocate an uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network, and the uplink data tunnel is an uplink data tunnel from a user plane network element to the multicast service management network element; and receiving, by the control plane network element, an identifier of the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network from the multicast service management network element, and sending a correspondence between the identifier of the first local area network and the identifier of the uplink data tunnel to the user plane network element, wherein the uplink data tunnel is used to transmit the multicast data of the first local area network from the user plane network element to the multicast service management network element. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the user plane network element, a correspondence between the identifier of the first local area network and an identifier of an uplink data tunnel from the control plane network element, wherein the uplink data tunnel is used to transmit the multicast data of the first local area network to the multicast service management network element; receiving, by the user plane network element, the first multicast data of the first local area network; and determining, by the user plane network element based on the correspondence, an uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network, and sending the first multicast data to the multicast service management network element through the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network. 10. A data transmission method, comprising:
receiving, by a terminal device, information about a first multicast transmission path from an access network device, wherein the first multicast transmission path is used to broadcast multicast data of a first local area network to which the terminal device belongs; and receiving, by the terminal device through the first multicast transmission path, the multicast data of the first local area network broadcast by the access network device. 11. A terminal device, comprising:
an interface; a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to: receive information about a first multicast transmission path from an access network device, wherein the first multicast transmission path is used to broadcast multicast data of a first local area network to which the terminal device belongs; and receive, through the first multicast transmission path, the multicast data of the first local area network broadcast by the access network device. | A method includes: receiving, by a multicast service management network element, a request message from a control plane network element, where the request message carries information about a first local area network; allocating a first multicast transmission path corresponding to the first local area network, where the first multicast transmission path is used to transmit multicast data of the first local area network; sends information about the first multicast transmission path to the control plane network element; receiving first multicast data from a user plane network element, and determining that the first multicast data is the multicast data of the first local area network; and broadcasts the first multicast data to an access network device in the first local area network through the first multicast transmission path.1. A data transmission method, comprising:
sending, by a control plane network element, a request message to a multicast service management network element, wherein the request message carries information about a first local area network; receiving, by the multicast service management network element, the request message from the control plane network element; allocating, by the multicast service management network element in response to the request message, a first multicast transmission path corresponding to the first local area network, wherein the first multicast transmission path is used to broadcast multicast data of the first local area network; sending, by the multicast service management network element, information about the first multicast transmission path to the control plane network element; receiving, by the control plane network element, the information about the first multicast transmission path from the multicast service management network element; sending, by the control plane network element, the information about the first multicast transmission path to an access network device in the first local area network; receiving, by the access network device, the information about the first multicast transmission path from the control plane network element; broadcasting, by the access network device, the information about the first multicast transmission path to a terminal device in the first local area network; receiving, by the multicast service management network element, first multicast data from a user plane network element, and determining that the first multicast data is the multicast data of the first local area network; broadcasting, by the multicast service management network element, the first multicast data to the access network device in the first local area network through the first multicast transmission path; and broadcasting, by the access network device, the received multicast data to the terminal device in the first local area network. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein receiving the first multicast data and determining that the first multicast data is the multicast data of the first local area network comprises:
receiving, by the multicast service management network element, the first multicast data from the user plane network element through an uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network; and determining, by the multicast service management network element based on an identifier of the uplink data tunnel, that the first multicast data is the multicast data of the first local area network. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the information about the first local area network comprises an identifier of the first local area network, and the method further comprises:
allocating, by the multicast service management network element, the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network, and sending the identifier of the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network to the control plane network element, wherein the uplink data tunnel is used to transmit the multicast data of the first local area network. 4. The method according to claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, by the multicast service management network element, a connection request message from the control plane network element, wherein the connection request message carries an identifier of the first local area network; and allocating, by the multicast service management network element, the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network, and sending the identifier of the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network to the control plane network element, wherein the uplink data tunnel is used to transmit the multicast data of the first local area network. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the information about the first local area network comprises the identifier of the first local area network and information about a cell covered by the first local area network, and the cell covered by the first local area network comprises a first cell in which a first terminal device sending the multicast data is located. 6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
receiving, by the multicast service management network element, an update request from the control plane network element, wherein the update request comprises information about a second cell to which the first terminal device moves and the information about the first local area network; updating, by the multicast service management network element based on the information about the second cell and the information about the first local area network, information about a cell covered by the first multicast transmission path, wherein updated information about the cell covered by the first multicast transmission path comprises the information about the second cell; and broadcasting, by the multicast service management network element, the multicast data of the first local area network to an access network device in the second cell through the first multicast transmission path. 7. The method according to claim 5, further comprising:
obtaining, by the control plane network element, information about a second cell to which the first terminal device moves; and sending, by the control plane network element, an update request to the multicast service management network element, wherein the update request comprises the information about the second cell and the information about the first local area network. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
sending, by the control plane network element, a connection request message to the multicast service management network element, wherein the connection request message carries the identifier of the first local area network, the connection request message is used to request to allocate an uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network, and the uplink data tunnel is an uplink data tunnel from a user plane network element to the multicast service management network element; and receiving, by the control plane network element, an identifier of the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network from the multicast service management network element, and sending a correspondence between the identifier of the first local area network and the identifier of the uplink data tunnel to the user plane network element, wherein the uplink data tunnel is used to transmit the multicast data of the first local area network from the user plane network element to the multicast service management network element. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the user plane network element, a correspondence between the identifier of the first local area network and an identifier of an uplink data tunnel from the control plane network element, wherein the uplink data tunnel is used to transmit the multicast data of the first local area network to the multicast service management network element; receiving, by the user plane network element, the first multicast data of the first local area network; and determining, by the user plane network element based on the correspondence, an uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network, and sending the first multicast data to the multicast service management network element through the uplink data tunnel corresponding to the first local area network. 10. A data transmission method, comprising:
receiving, by a terminal device, information about a first multicast transmission path from an access network device, wherein the first multicast transmission path is used to broadcast multicast data of a first local area network to which the terminal device belongs; and receiving, by the terminal device through the first multicast transmission path, the multicast data of the first local area network broadcast by the access network device. 11. A terminal device, comprising:
an interface; a processor; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to: receive information about a first multicast transmission path from an access network device, wherein the first multicast transmission path is used to broadcast multicast data of a first local area network to which the terminal device belongs; and receive, through the first multicast transmission path, the multicast data of the first local area network broadcast by the access network device. | 3,700 |
346,474 | 16,804,927 | 3,763 | A copolymer composition is disclosed with advantages for textile fibers, yarns, blended yarns, fabrics, and garments. The composition includes polyester copolymer, between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer, and between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer. | 1. A polyester copolymer filament comprising:
a composition of between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, and between about 1.4 and 3 percent diethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer. 2. A textured filament made from the filament of claim 1. 3. A fabric formed from the yarn of claim 1 and selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. 4. A textured filament according to claim 2 that receives and retains disperse dye at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures below 212° F. (100° C.). 5. Staple fibers cut from the textured filament of claim 2. 6. A blend of cotton fibers and the staple fibers of claim 5. 7. A blended yarn consisting essentially of;
between about 20 percent and 80 percent by weight cotton; and textured polyester copolymer staple fibers consisting essentially of, between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, and between about 2 and 3 percent diethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer. 8. A blended yarn according to claim 7 dyed with a dye selected from the group consisting of reactive dye, disperse dye, and combinations thereof. 9. A fabric formed from the yarn of claim 7. 10. A fabric according to claim 9 selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. 11. A fabric formed from the blended yarn of claim 8. 12. A fabric according to claim 11 selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. 13. A garment formed from the blended yarn of claim 7. 14. A dyed fabric formed from a blended yarn that consists essentially of:
between about 20 percent and 80 percent by weight cotton; with the remainder being textured polyester copolymer staple fibers composed of between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, and between about 2 and 3 percent diethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer; and a dye selected from the group consisting of reactive dye, disperse dye, and combinations thereof. 15. A dyed fabric according to claim 14 selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. 16. A garment formed from the dyed fabric of claim 15. 17. A polyester copolymer filament, a 1305 gram (g) portion of which consists essentially of:
772 g of terephthalic acid; 391 g of ethylene glycol; 0.3 g of antimony oxide; 0.09 g of cobalt acetate; 0.2 g of optical brightener; 38 g of polyethylene glycol; 100 g of adipic acid; and 1 g of pentaerythritol, expressed to a maximum of four significant figures. 18. A polyester copolymer filament according to claim 17, but in which the pentaerythritol is reduced to 0.7 g. 19. A polyester copolymer filament according to claim 17, but in which the pentaerythritol is reduced to 0.5 g. | A copolymer composition is disclosed with advantages for textile fibers, yarns, blended yarns, fabrics, and garments. The composition includes polyester copolymer, between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer, and between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer.1. A polyester copolymer filament comprising:
a composition of between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, and between about 1.4 and 3 percent diethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer. 2. A textured filament made from the filament of claim 1. 3. A fabric formed from the yarn of claim 1 and selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. 4. A textured filament according to claim 2 that receives and retains disperse dye at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures below 212° F. (100° C.). 5. Staple fibers cut from the textured filament of claim 2. 6. A blend of cotton fibers and the staple fibers of claim 5. 7. A blended yarn consisting essentially of;
between about 20 percent and 80 percent by weight cotton; and textured polyester copolymer staple fibers consisting essentially of, between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, and between about 2 and 3 percent diethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer. 8. A blended yarn according to claim 7 dyed with a dye selected from the group consisting of reactive dye, disperse dye, and combinations thereof. 9. A fabric formed from the yarn of claim 7. 10. A fabric according to claim 9 selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. 11. A fabric formed from the blended yarn of claim 8. 12. A fabric according to claim 11 selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. 13. A garment formed from the blended yarn of claim 7. 14. A dyed fabric formed from a blended yarn that consists essentially of:
between about 20 percent and 80 percent by weight cotton; with the remainder being textured polyester copolymer staple fibers composed of between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer, and between about 2 and 3 percent diethylene glycol based on the amount of polyester copolymer; and a dye selected from the group consisting of reactive dye, disperse dye, and combinations thereof. 15. A dyed fabric according to claim 14 selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. 16. A garment formed from the dyed fabric of claim 15. 17. A polyester copolymer filament, a 1305 gram (g) portion of which consists essentially of:
772 g of terephthalic acid; 391 g of ethylene glycol; 0.3 g of antimony oxide; 0.09 g of cobalt acetate; 0.2 g of optical brightener; 38 g of polyethylene glycol; 100 g of adipic acid; and 1 g of pentaerythritol, expressed to a maximum of four significant figures. 18. A polyester copolymer filament according to claim 17, but in which the pentaerythritol is reduced to 0.7 g. 19. A polyester copolymer filament according to claim 17, but in which the pentaerythritol is reduced to 0.5 g. | 3,700 |
346,475 | 16,804,919 | 2,856 | One aspect of the invention provides a gas chromatography union including: a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and a first pair of wings defining a first recess. Another aspect of the invention provides a union including: a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and at least a first protrusion defining a first recess. Another aspect of the invention provides a coupler including: a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and a first connector positioned on a portion of a surface of the coupler. | 1. A gas chromatography union comprising:
a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and a first pair of wings defining a first recess. 2. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, further comprising:
a second pair of wings defining a second recess adapted for engagement with a second portion of the gas chromatography column cage. 3. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, wherein the first recess is positioned at an angle of from about 45 degrees to about 270 degrees relative to at least one of the first port or the second port. 4. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, wherein each of the first port and second port include at least a substantially conical section. 5. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, wherein each of the first port and second port include at least one substantially conical section and at least one substantially cylindrical section. 6. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, comprising a material having a thermal conductivity of less than about 7. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, wherein the union consists of stainless steel. 8. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, further comprising an indicator that indicates a size of columns that the chromatography union is capable of coupling to one another. 9. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, further comprising:
a third port in fluid communication with the first port and the second port. 10. The gas chromatography union of claim 9, wherein the third port is co-planar with both the first port and the second port. 11. The gas chromatography union of claim 9, wherein the third port is perpendicular to both the first port and the second port. 12. A union comprising:
a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and at least a first protrusion defining a first recess. 13. The union of claim 12, wherein the first recess defines an internal geometric shape that allows the union to be integrated into the GC column cage. 14. The union of claim 12, wherein the first recess is at an angle of from about 45 degrees to about 270 degrees relative to at least one of the first port or the second port. 15. The union of claim 12, further comprising at least a second protrusion defining a second recess. 16. The union of claim 12, further comprising an indicator that indicates a size of columns that the union is capable of coupling to one another. 17. A coupler comprising:
a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and a first connector positioned on a portion of a surface of the coupler. 18. The coupler of claim 17, wherein the first connector is one of a friction-fit connector or a snap-fit connector. 19. The coupler of claim 17, further comprising an indicator that indicates a size of columns that the coupler is capable of connecting to one another. 20. The coupler of claim 17, further comprising a second connector positioned on a portion of the surface of the coupler. | One aspect of the invention provides a gas chromatography union including: a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and a first pair of wings defining a first recess. Another aspect of the invention provides a union including: a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and at least a first protrusion defining a first recess. Another aspect of the invention provides a coupler including: a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and a first connector positioned on a portion of a surface of the coupler.1. A gas chromatography union comprising:
a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and a first pair of wings defining a first recess. 2. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, further comprising:
a second pair of wings defining a second recess adapted for engagement with a second portion of the gas chromatography column cage. 3. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, wherein the first recess is positioned at an angle of from about 45 degrees to about 270 degrees relative to at least one of the first port or the second port. 4. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, wherein each of the first port and second port include at least a substantially conical section. 5. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, wherein each of the first port and second port include at least one substantially conical section and at least one substantially cylindrical section. 6. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, comprising a material having a thermal conductivity of less than about 7. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, wherein the union consists of stainless steel. 8. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, further comprising an indicator that indicates a size of columns that the chromatography union is capable of coupling to one another. 9. The gas chromatography union of claim 1, further comprising:
a third port in fluid communication with the first port and the second port. 10. The gas chromatography union of claim 9, wherein the third port is co-planar with both the first port and the second port. 11. The gas chromatography union of claim 9, wherein the third port is perpendicular to both the first port and the second port. 12. A union comprising:
a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and at least a first protrusion defining a first recess. 13. The union of claim 12, wherein the first recess defines an internal geometric shape that allows the union to be integrated into the GC column cage. 14. The union of claim 12, wherein the first recess is at an angle of from about 45 degrees to about 270 degrees relative to at least one of the first port or the second port. 15. The union of claim 12, further comprising at least a second protrusion defining a second recess. 16. The union of claim 12, further comprising an indicator that indicates a size of columns that the union is capable of coupling to one another. 17. A coupler comprising:
a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; and a first connector positioned on a portion of a surface of the coupler. 18. The coupler of claim 17, wherein the first connector is one of a friction-fit connector or a snap-fit connector. 19. The coupler of claim 17, further comprising an indicator that indicates a size of columns that the coupler is capable of connecting to one another. 20. The coupler of claim 17, further comprising a second connector positioned on a portion of the surface of the coupler. | 2,800 |
346,476 | 16,804,903 | 2,856 | One example method includes receiving, at an IO journal, a new entry that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L, and determining whether a location specified in an oldest entry of the IO journal is specified in any other entries in the IO journal. When the location specified in the oldest entry is not specified in any other entries in the IO journal, adding the new entry to the IO journal, and augmenting the new entry with undo data. Or, when the location specified in the oldest entry is specified in at least one other entry in the IO journal, setting data specified in the oldest entry as undo data for the next entry that identifies that location, and adding the new entry to the IO journal, and deleting the oldest entry from the IO journal. | 1. A method, comprising:
receiving, at an IO journal, a new entry that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L; determining whether a location specified in an oldest entry of the IO journal is specified in any other entries in the IO journal, and then:
when the location specified in the oldest entry is not specified in any other entries in the IO journal, adding the new entry to the IO journal, and augmenting the new entry with undo data; or
when the location specified in the oldest entry is specified in at least one other entry in the IO journal, setting data specified in the oldest entry as undo data for the next entry that identifies that location, and adding the new entry to the IO journal; and
deleting the oldest entry from the IO journal. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO journal has a fixed length. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each entry in the IO journal corresponds to an IO that was written to a VM. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO journal is continuously maintained for a stream of IOs. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each entry in the IO journal specifies a location, and data written at that location as a result of an IO with which the entry is associated. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO journal includes an entry with a timestamp prior to a time t when a backup image was taken of a VM with which the IO journal is associated. 7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the time t is unknown when the entry with the timestamp prior to time t is received. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the undo data is associated with the next entry, in chronological order, that identifies the same location as the oldest entry. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a length of the IO journal remains constant, but a particular range of time spanned by the IO journal changes each time a new entry is added and the oldest entry is deleted. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO journal is associated with a VM, and the operations further comprise taking a backup image of the VM during a time range spanned by the IO journal. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at an IO journal, a new entry that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L; determining whether a location specified in an oldest entry of the IO journal is specified in any other entries in the IO journal, and then:
when the location specified in the oldest entry is not specified in any other entries in the IO journal, adding the new entry to the IO journal, and augmenting the new entry with undo data; or
when the location specified in the oldest entry is specified in at least one other entry in the IO journal, setting data specified in the oldest entry as undo data for the next entry that identifies that location, and adding the new entry to the IO journal; and
deleting the oldest entry from the IO journal. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO journal has a fixed length. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein each entry in the IO journal corresponds to an IO that was written to a VM. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO journal is continuously maintained for a stream of IOs. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein each entry in the IO journal specifies a location, and data written at that location as a result of an IO with which the entry is associated. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO journal includes an entry with a timestamp prior to a time t when a backup image was taken of a VM with which the IO journal is associated. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 16, wherein the time t is unknown when the entry with the timestamp prior to time t is received. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the undo data is associated with the next entry, in chronological order, that identifies the same location as the oldest entry. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein a length of the IO journal remains constant, but a particular range of time spanned by the IO journal changes each time a new entry is added and the oldest entry is deleted. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO journal is associated with a VM, and the operations further comprise taking a backup image of the VM during a time range spanned by the IO journal. | One example method includes receiving, at an IO journal, a new entry that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L, and determining whether a location specified in an oldest entry of the IO journal is specified in any other entries in the IO journal. When the location specified in the oldest entry is not specified in any other entries in the IO journal, adding the new entry to the IO journal, and augmenting the new entry with undo data. Or, when the location specified in the oldest entry is specified in at least one other entry in the IO journal, setting data specified in the oldest entry as undo data for the next entry that identifies that location, and adding the new entry to the IO journal, and deleting the oldest entry from the IO journal.1. A method, comprising:
receiving, at an IO journal, a new entry that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L; determining whether a location specified in an oldest entry of the IO journal is specified in any other entries in the IO journal, and then:
when the location specified in the oldest entry is not specified in any other entries in the IO journal, adding the new entry to the IO journal, and augmenting the new entry with undo data; or
when the location specified in the oldest entry is specified in at least one other entry in the IO journal, setting data specified in the oldest entry as undo data for the next entry that identifies that location, and adding the new entry to the IO journal; and
deleting the oldest entry from the IO journal. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO journal has a fixed length. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each entry in the IO journal corresponds to an IO that was written to a VM. 4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO journal is continuously maintained for a stream of IOs. 5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein each entry in the IO journal specifies a location, and data written at that location as a result of an IO with which the entry is associated. 6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO journal includes an entry with a timestamp prior to a time t when a backup image was taken of a VM with which the IO journal is associated. 7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the time t is unknown when the entry with the timestamp prior to time t is received. 8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the undo data is associated with the next entry, in chronological order, that identifies the same location as the oldest entry. 9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a length of the IO journal remains constant, but a particular range of time spanned by the IO journal changes each time a new entry is added and the oldest entry is deleted. 10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the IO journal is associated with a VM, and the operations further comprise taking a backup image of the VM during a time range spanned by the IO journal. 11. A non-transitory storage medium having stored therein instructions that are executable by one or more hardware processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at an IO journal, a new entry that identifies a respective disk location L, and data X written at that disk location L; determining whether a location specified in an oldest entry of the IO journal is specified in any other entries in the IO journal, and then:
when the location specified in the oldest entry is not specified in any other entries in the IO journal, adding the new entry to the IO journal, and augmenting the new entry with undo data; or
when the location specified in the oldest entry is specified in at least one other entry in the IO journal, setting data specified in the oldest entry as undo data for the next entry that identifies that location, and adding the new entry to the IO journal; and
deleting the oldest entry from the IO journal. 12. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO journal has a fixed length. 13. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein each entry in the IO journal corresponds to an IO that was written to a VM. 14. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO journal is continuously maintained for a stream of IOs. 15. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein each entry in the IO journal specifies a location, and data written at that location as a result of an IO with which the entry is associated. 16. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO journal includes an entry with a timestamp prior to a time t when a backup image was taken of a VM with which the IO journal is associated. 17. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 16, wherein the time t is unknown when the entry with the timestamp prior to time t is received. 18. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the undo data is associated with the next entry, in chronological order, that identifies the same location as the oldest entry. 19. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein a length of the IO journal remains constant, but a particular range of time spanned by the IO journal changes each time a new entry is added and the oldest entry is deleted. 20. The non-transitory storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein the IO journal is associated with a VM, and the operations further comprise taking a backup image of the VM during a time range spanned by the IO journal. | 2,800 |
346,477 | 16,804,923 | 2,856 | A method of analyzing dissolved gas in an oil-filled transformer includes determining a centroid of a polygon that represents a plurality of dissolved gas concentrations. A fault region in which the centroid of the polygon is located is determined, where the plurality of fault regions are defined in a composite fault region map that is a composite of a Duval Pentagons 1 and 2. The method classifies a fault experienced by the transformer based on the determined fault region within the composite fault region map. The classification is done by a machine learning classification technique. Further embodiments classify faults based on dissolved gas levels without determining a centroid of a polygon representing the dissolved gas levels. Related systems are also disclosed. | 1. A method of analyzing dissolved gas in an oil-filled transformer, comprising:
obtaining measurements of dissolved gas levels of a first number of gases in the oil-filled transformer; determining relative levels of the first number of gases; plotting a first number of points representing each of the relative levels of the first number of gases on a respective one of a first number of radial axes, each of the first number of radial axes being equally angularly spaced around an origin in a two dimensional coordinate system, each of the first number of radial axes representing a relative level of one of the first number of gases, the first number of points forming a polygon within the two dimensional coordinate system; determining a centroid of the polygon; determining a fault region in which the centroid of the polygon is located, out of a plurality of fault regions defined in the two dimensional coordinate system, wherein the plurality of fault regions are defined in a composite fault region map that is a composite of a first fault region map that defines regions that classify basic electrical faults within the oil-filled transformer, wherein the definition of regions in the first fault region map is not based on carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer, and a second fault region map that defines regions that classify faults at least partially based on carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer; and classifying a fault experienced by the oil-filled transformer based on the determined fault region within the composite fault region map. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first number is five, the polygon comprises a pentagonal shape, the first fault region map comprises a first Duval pentagon, and the second fault region map comprises a second Duval pentagon. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the composite fault region map comprises regions that classify thermal faults based on both thermal properties and carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first Duval pentagon defines fault regions based on temperature, the second Duval pentagon defines fault regions at least in part based on carbonization, and the composite fault region map defines fault regions based on a combination of temperature and carbonization. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the first Duval pentagon defines fault regions of T1, T2, and T3, the second Duval pentagon defines fault regions of O, C, and T3-H, and the composite fault region map defines fault regions that are coterminous within the fault regions of T1, T2 and T3 in the first Duval pentagon and the fault regions of O, C, and T3-H in the second Duval pentagon. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fault regions within the composite fault region map comprise T1-O, T2-O, T1-C, T2-C, T3-C and T3-H. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first number of gases comprise:
C2H2 plotted on a first axis that extends at an angle of 18 degrees relative to an x-axis of the two dimensional coordinate system; H2 plotted on a second axis that extends at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the x-axis of the two dimensional coordinate system; C2H6 plotted on a third axis that extends at an angle of 162 degrees relative to the x-axis of the two dimensional coordinate system; CH4 plotted on a fourth axis that extends at an angle of 234 degrees relative to the x-axis of the two dimensional coordinate system; and C2H4 plotted on a fifth axis that extends at an angle of 306 degrees relative to the x-axis of the two dimensional coordinate system. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the fault regions within the composite fault region map have the following coordinates in the two-dimensional coordinate system when the relative levels of the first number of gases are plotted as relative percentages of the first number of gases:
T1-O: [(−35, 3.1), (0, 1.5), (0, −3), (−3.5, −3.5), (−6, −4), (−11, −8), (−18.8, −26), (−22.5, −32.4), (−23.5, −32.4)] T2-O: [(−21.5, −32.4), (−18.8, −26), (−22.5, −32.4)] T1-C: [(−6, −4), (−11, −8), (−18.8, −26)] T2-C: [(−6, −4), (−18.8, −26), (−21.5, −32.4), (1, −32.4)] T3-C: [(−3.5, −3.5), (−6, −4), (1, −32.4), (2.5, −32.4)] T3-H: [(−3.5, −3.5), (2.5, −32.4), (23.5, −32.4), (24.3, −30), (0, −3)]. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the fault region in which the centroid of the polygon is located comprises inputting the centroid of the polygon into a machine learning classification technique that generates, as an output, a classification of the fault region associated with the centroid. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the machine learning classification technique was trained via supervised learning using an input data set comprising a plurality of artificially generated centroids and associated fault regions. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the machine learning classification technique comprises a random forest technique and/or a gradient boosting machine technique. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
activating an alarm in response to classifying the fault and/or deactivating the oil-filled transformer in response to classifying the fault. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining measurements of dissolved gas levels of the first number of gases in the oil-filled transformer comprises receiving sensor measurements from a sensor in the oil-filled transformer. 14. A method of training a machine classification learning technique, comprising:
generating a plurality of sets of artificial dissolved gas concentrations of a first number of diagnostic gases; determining relative levels of the artificial dissolved gas concentrations; plotting a first number of points representing each of the relative levels of the artificial dissolved gas concentrations on a respective one of a first number of radial axes, each of the first number of radial axes being equally angularly spaced around an origin in a two dimensional coordinate system, each of the first number of radial axes representing a relative level of one of the first number of diagnostic gases, the first number of points forming a polygon within the two dimensional coordinate system; determining a centroid of the polygon; determining a fault region in which the centroid of the polygon is located, out of a plurality of fault regions defined in the two dimensional coordinate system; classifying a fault experienced by an oil-filled transformer based on the determined fault region within the composite fault region map; and training a machine learning classification technique using the plurality of sets of artificial dissolved gas concentrations of a first number of diagnostic gases and associated faults as labeled training data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of fault regions are defined in a composite fault region map that is a composite of a first fault region map that defines regions that classify basic electrical faults within the oil-filled transformer, wherein the definition of regions in the first fault region map is not based on carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer, and a second fault region map that defines regions that classify faults at least partially based on carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the machine learning classification technique comprises a random forest technique and/or a gradient boosting machine technique. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
obtaining measurements of dissolved gas levels of the diagnostic gases in the oil-filled transformer; and classifying a fault of the oil-filled transformer using the machine learning classification technique. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
activating an alarm in response to classifying the fault and/or deactivating the oil-filled transformer in response to classifying the fault. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein obtaining measurements of dissolved gas levels of the first number of diagnostic gases in the oil-filled transformer comprises receiving sensor measurements from a sensor in the oil-filled transformer. 20. A device for performing dissolved gas analysis, comprising:
a processing circuit; and a memory coupled to the processing circuit, wherein the memory comprises computer readable program instructions that, when executed by the processing circuit, cause the device to perform operations comprising: obtaining measurements of dissolved gas levels of a first number of gases in an oil-filled transformer; determining relative levels of the first number of gases; plotting a first number of points representing each of the relative levels of the first number of gases on a respective one of a first number of radial axes, each of the first number of radial axes being equally angularly spaced around an origin in a two dimensional coordinate system, each of the first number of radial axes representing a relative level of one of the first number of gases, the first number of points forming a polygon within the two dimensional coordinate system; determining a centroid of the polygon; determining a fault region in which the centroid of the polygon is located, out of a plurality of fault regions defined in the two dimensional coordinate system, wherein the plurality of fault regions are defined in a composite fault region map that is a composite of a first fault region map that defines regions that classify basic electrical faults within the oil-filled transformer that do not involve carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer and a second fault region map that defines regions that classify faults at least partially based on carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer; and classifying a fault experienced by the oil-filled transformer based on the determined fault region within the composite fault region map. 21. The device of claim 20, wherein the device is provided in a cloud-based service infrastructure, a standalone server or a server cluster. 22. The device of claim 20, wherein the device is connectable to a sensor or a dissolved gas analyzer for obtaining the measurements of dissolved gas levels of the first number of gases in the oil-filled transformer. | A method of analyzing dissolved gas in an oil-filled transformer includes determining a centroid of a polygon that represents a plurality of dissolved gas concentrations. A fault region in which the centroid of the polygon is located is determined, where the plurality of fault regions are defined in a composite fault region map that is a composite of a Duval Pentagons 1 and 2. The method classifies a fault experienced by the transformer based on the determined fault region within the composite fault region map. The classification is done by a machine learning classification technique. Further embodiments classify faults based on dissolved gas levels without determining a centroid of a polygon representing the dissolved gas levels. Related systems are also disclosed.1. A method of analyzing dissolved gas in an oil-filled transformer, comprising:
obtaining measurements of dissolved gas levels of a first number of gases in the oil-filled transformer; determining relative levels of the first number of gases; plotting a first number of points representing each of the relative levels of the first number of gases on a respective one of a first number of radial axes, each of the first number of radial axes being equally angularly spaced around an origin in a two dimensional coordinate system, each of the first number of radial axes representing a relative level of one of the first number of gases, the first number of points forming a polygon within the two dimensional coordinate system; determining a centroid of the polygon; determining a fault region in which the centroid of the polygon is located, out of a plurality of fault regions defined in the two dimensional coordinate system, wherein the plurality of fault regions are defined in a composite fault region map that is a composite of a first fault region map that defines regions that classify basic electrical faults within the oil-filled transformer, wherein the definition of regions in the first fault region map is not based on carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer, and a second fault region map that defines regions that classify faults at least partially based on carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer; and classifying a fault experienced by the oil-filled transformer based on the determined fault region within the composite fault region map. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first number is five, the polygon comprises a pentagonal shape, the first fault region map comprises a first Duval pentagon, and the second fault region map comprises a second Duval pentagon. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the composite fault region map comprises regions that classify thermal faults based on both thermal properties and carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first Duval pentagon defines fault regions based on temperature, the second Duval pentagon defines fault regions at least in part based on carbonization, and the composite fault region map defines fault regions based on a combination of temperature and carbonization. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the first Duval pentagon defines fault regions of T1, T2, and T3, the second Duval pentagon defines fault regions of O, C, and T3-H, and the composite fault region map defines fault regions that are coterminous within the fault regions of T1, T2 and T3 in the first Duval pentagon and the fault regions of O, C, and T3-H in the second Duval pentagon. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the fault regions within the composite fault region map comprise T1-O, T2-O, T1-C, T2-C, T3-C and T3-H. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first number of gases comprise:
C2H2 plotted on a first axis that extends at an angle of 18 degrees relative to an x-axis of the two dimensional coordinate system; H2 plotted on a second axis that extends at an angle of 90 degrees relative to the x-axis of the two dimensional coordinate system; C2H6 plotted on a third axis that extends at an angle of 162 degrees relative to the x-axis of the two dimensional coordinate system; CH4 plotted on a fourth axis that extends at an angle of 234 degrees relative to the x-axis of the two dimensional coordinate system; and C2H4 plotted on a fifth axis that extends at an angle of 306 degrees relative to the x-axis of the two dimensional coordinate system. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the fault regions within the composite fault region map have the following coordinates in the two-dimensional coordinate system when the relative levels of the first number of gases are plotted as relative percentages of the first number of gases:
T1-O: [(−35, 3.1), (0, 1.5), (0, −3), (−3.5, −3.5), (−6, −4), (−11, −8), (−18.8, −26), (−22.5, −32.4), (−23.5, −32.4)] T2-O: [(−21.5, −32.4), (−18.8, −26), (−22.5, −32.4)] T1-C: [(−6, −4), (−11, −8), (−18.8, −26)] T2-C: [(−6, −4), (−18.8, −26), (−21.5, −32.4), (1, −32.4)] T3-C: [(−3.5, −3.5), (−6, −4), (1, −32.4), (2.5, −32.4)] T3-H: [(−3.5, −3.5), (2.5, −32.4), (23.5, −32.4), (24.3, −30), (0, −3)]. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the fault region in which the centroid of the polygon is located comprises inputting the centroid of the polygon into a machine learning classification technique that generates, as an output, a classification of the fault region associated with the centroid. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the machine learning classification technique was trained via supervised learning using an input data set comprising a plurality of artificially generated centroids and associated fault regions. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the machine learning classification technique comprises a random forest technique and/or a gradient boosting machine technique. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
activating an alarm in response to classifying the fault and/or deactivating the oil-filled transformer in response to classifying the fault. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining measurements of dissolved gas levels of the first number of gases in the oil-filled transformer comprises receiving sensor measurements from a sensor in the oil-filled transformer. 14. A method of training a machine classification learning technique, comprising:
generating a plurality of sets of artificial dissolved gas concentrations of a first number of diagnostic gases; determining relative levels of the artificial dissolved gas concentrations; plotting a first number of points representing each of the relative levels of the artificial dissolved gas concentrations on a respective one of a first number of radial axes, each of the first number of radial axes being equally angularly spaced around an origin in a two dimensional coordinate system, each of the first number of radial axes representing a relative level of one of the first number of diagnostic gases, the first number of points forming a polygon within the two dimensional coordinate system; determining a centroid of the polygon; determining a fault region in which the centroid of the polygon is located, out of a plurality of fault regions defined in the two dimensional coordinate system; classifying a fault experienced by an oil-filled transformer based on the determined fault region within the composite fault region map; and training a machine learning classification technique using the plurality of sets of artificial dissolved gas concentrations of a first number of diagnostic gases and associated faults as labeled training data. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the plurality of fault regions are defined in a composite fault region map that is a composite of a first fault region map that defines regions that classify basic electrical faults within the oil-filled transformer, wherein the definition of regions in the first fault region map is not based on carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer, and a second fault region map that defines regions that classify faults at least partially based on carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the machine learning classification technique comprises a random forest technique and/or a gradient boosting machine technique. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
obtaining measurements of dissolved gas levels of the diagnostic gases in the oil-filled transformer; and classifying a fault of the oil-filled transformer using the machine learning classification technique. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
activating an alarm in response to classifying the fault and/or deactivating the oil-filled transformer in response to classifying the fault. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein obtaining measurements of dissolved gas levels of the first number of diagnostic gases in the oil-filled transformer comprises receiving sensor measurements from a sensor in the oil-filled transformer. 20. A device for performing dissolved gas analysis, comprising:
a processing circuit; and a memory coupled to the processing circuit, wherein the memory comprises computer readable program instructions that, when executed by the processing circuit, cause the device to perform operations comprising: obtaining measurements of dissolved gas levels of a first number of gases in an oil-filled transformer; determining relative levels of the first number of gases; plotting a first number of points representing each of the relative levels of the first number of gases on a respective one of a first number of radial axes, each of the first number of radial axes being equally angularly spaced around an origin in a two dimensional coordinate system, each of the first number of radial axes representing a relative level of one of the first number of gases, the first number of points forming a polygon within the two dimensional coordinate system; determining a centroid of the polygon; determining a fault region in which the centroid of the polygon is located, out of a plurality of fault regions defined in the two dimensional coordinate system, wherein the plurality of fault regions are defined in a composite fault region map that is a composite of a first fault region map that defines regions that classify basic electrical faults within the oil-filled transformer that do not involve carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer and a second fault region map that defines regions that classify faults at least partially based on carbonization of cellulose within the oil-filled transformer; and classifying a fault experienced by the oil-filled transformer based on the determined fault region within the composite fault region map. 21. The device of claim 20, wherein the device is provided in a cloud-based service infrastructure, a standalone server or a server cluster. 22. The device of claim 20, wherein the device is connectable to a sensor or a dissolved gas analyzer for obtaining the measurements of dissolved gas levels of the first number of gases in the oil-filled transformer. | 2,800 |
346,478 | 16,804,953 | 2,856 | A process for forming a coating on a substrate comprises forming a non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer and applying the non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer to a surface of the substrate. The formed invisible-fingerprint coating can have an initial oil angle less than 50°. | 1. An article, comprising:
a substrate comprising a glass, a glass ceramic, wood, a metal, a metal oxide, or a polymer; and an invisible-fingerprint coating deposited on the substrate, the invisible-fingerprint coating comprising a non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 100,000 Da. 2. The article of claim 1, wherein the invisible-fingerprint coating comprises a surface having an initial oil angle using diiodomethane of less than about 45° and/or an initial water angle of greater than about 70°. 3. The article of claim 2, wherein the non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer is formed from an alkyl silane having a structure as in:
(RA)3SiRB wherein: each RA is independently —OC1-C10 alkyl, —OC6-C10 alkylaryl, —OC2-C10 alkenyl, or —OC3-C10 alkynyl; each RB is C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C20 alkylaryl, C2-C20 alkenyl, or C2-C20 alkynyl; each hydrogen atom in —OC1-C10 alkyl, —OC6-C10 alkylaryl, —OC2-C10 alkenyl, —OC3-C10 alkynyl, C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C20 alkylaryl, C2-C20 alkenyl, or C2-C20 alkynyl is independently optionally substituted with deuterium, halogen, —OH, —CN, —OR1, —CO2H, C(O)OR1, —C(O)NH2, —C(O)NH(C1-C6 alkyl), —C(O)N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, SC1-C6 alkyl, S(O)C1-C6 alkyl, —S(O)2C1-C6 alkyl, —S(O)NH(C1-C6 alkyl), —S(O)2NH(C1-C6 alkyl), S(O)N(C1C6 alkyl)2, —S(O)2N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —NH2, NH(C1-C6 alkyl), —N(H)C1-C6 alkyl-NH2, —N(H)C1-C6 alkyl-Si(—OC1-C6 alkyl)3, —N(R1)C1-C6 alkyl-N(R1)C1-C6 alkyl-Si(—OC1-C6 alkyl)3-N(H)C1-C6 alkyl-N(H) C1-C6 alkyl-NH2, —P(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —P(O)(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —PO3H2, or —Si(—OC1-C6 alkyl)3; and each R1 is independently deuterium, C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkylaryl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkylaryl, or —C1-C10 alkyl, —O—C1-C10alkyl; C1-C10 alkylaryl, —O—C1-C10 alkylaryl wherein each hydrogen atom in C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkylaryl is optionally substituted with hydroxyl. 4. The article of claim 3, wherein RB is C6-C20 alkyl and each hydrogen atom in C6-C20 alkyl is independently optionally substituted by halogen, —OH, —CN, —OR1, —CO2H, —NH2, NH(C1-C6 alkyl), —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —P(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —P(O)(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —PO3H2, wherein R1 is independently deuterium or —C1-C10alkyl-O—C1-C10alkyl. 5. The article of claim 3, wherein the alkyl silane is selected from the group consisting of (chloroundecyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chloroundecyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloromethylene)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloromethylene)(triethoxy)silane, (chloroethyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloroethyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chloropropyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloropropyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chlorobutyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chlorobutyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chloropentyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloropentyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chlorohexyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chlorohexyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloroheptyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloroheptyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chlorooctyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chlorooctyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chlorononyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chlorononyl)(triethoxy)silane 11-(2-methoxyethoxy)undecyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoundecyl)(triethoxy)silane, (aminoundecyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (hydoxydecyl)(triethoxy)silane, (hydoxydecyl)(trimethoxy)silane; (undecylinic acid)(triethoxy)silane;
(hydroxyundecyl)(triethoxy) silane; (hydroxyheptyl) (triethoxy)silane; (phosphoundecyl)(triethoxy)silane. 6. The article of claim 3, wherein the alkyl silane is 11-chloroundecyltriethoxysilane. 7. The article of claim 1, wherein the invisible-fingerprint coating further comprises a crosslinking silane selected from the group consisting of formulas (I)-(IV):
(SiXn)—Y1 (I)
(SiXn)—Y2—(SiXn) (II)
(SiXn)—Y3—(SiXn)—(SiXn), and (III)
(SiXn)—(SiXn)—Y4—(SiXn)—(SiXn) (IV)
wherein: Y1 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (I) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y1; Y2 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (II) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y2; Y3 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (III) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y3; Y4 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (IV) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y4; each X is independently a monovalent leaving group selected from halogen, (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C2-C6) carboxy, and (C1-C6) oximo, (C1-C6) aryl alkoxy; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3. 8. A method for forming an invisible-fingerprint composition, comprising:
polymerizing, in a first solvent comprising water and an alcohol, an alkyl silane to form a non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate; and dissolving the non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate in a second solvent to a concentration of at least 0.01 mg/L and less than 100 g/L. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the weight ratio of water to the alcohol in the first solvent is 1:1000 to 1000:1. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first solvent comprises water with a water to alkoxy molar ratio of 20:1 to 1:20. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the first solvent further comprises a cros slinking silane selected from the group consisting of formulas (I)-(IV):
(SiXn)—Y1 (I)
(SiXn)—Y2—(SiXn) (II)
(SiXn)—Y3—(SiXn)—(SiXn), and (III)
(SiXn)—(SiXn)—Y4—(SiXn)—(SiXn) (IV)
wherein: Y1 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (I) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y1; Y2 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (II) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y2; Y3 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (III) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y3; Y4 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (IV) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y4; each X is independently a monovalent leaving group selected from halogen, (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C2-C6) carboxy, and (C1-C6) oximo, (C1-C6) aryl alkoxy; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the polymerizing step is performed a temperature of about −10° C. up to reflux of the first solvent. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the first solvent has a pH of between 0 and 14. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first solvent has a pH of between 6 and 8. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of polymerizing is performed for greater than or equal to 0.1 hours and less than or equal to 72 hours. 16. A method for forming an invisible-fingerprint surface, the method comprising:
depositing, on a surface comprising a glass, a glass ceramic, wood, a metal, a metal oxide, or a polymer substrate, a formulation comprising:
a solvent; and
a non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 100,000 Da and at least 300 Da; and
curing the formulation to form the invisible-fingerprint surface. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of depositing comprises spraying, dipping, wiping, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD) or pulsed laser deposition (PLD). 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the formulation comprises the non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer dissolved in the solvent in a concentration of 0.01 mg/L to 100 g/L. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein, after curing, the invisible-fingerprint surface has an initial oil angle using diiodomethane of less than about 45° and an initial water angle of greater than about 70°. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein, after curing, the invisible-fingerprint surface is able to maintain a water contact angle of at least 50 degrees after 1,500 cycles of eraser abrasion. | A process for forming a coating on a substrate comprises forming a non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer and applying the non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer to a surface of the substrate. The formed invisible-fingerprint coating can have an initial oil angle less than 50°.1. An article, comprising:
a substrate comprising a glass, a glass ceramic, wood, a metal, a metal oxide, or a polymer; and an invisible-fingerprint coating deposited on the substrate, the invisible-fingerprint coating comprising a non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 100,000 Da. 2. The article of claim 1, wherein the invisible-fingerprint coating comprises a surface having an initial oil angle using diiodomethane of less than about 45° and/or an initial water angle of greater than about 70°. 3. The article of claim 2, wherein the non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer is formed from an alkyl silane having a structure as in:
(RA)3SiRB wherein: each RA is independently —OC1-C10 alkyl, —OC6-C10 alkylaryl, —OC2-C10 alkenyl, or —OC3-C10 alkynyl; each RB is C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C20 alkylaryl, C2-C20 alkenyl, or C2-C20 alkynyl; each hydrogen atom in —OC1-C10 alkyl, —OC6-C10 alkylaryl, —OC2-C10 alkenyl, —OC3-C10 alkynyl, C1-C20 alkyl, C6-C20 alkylaryl, C2-C20 alkenyl, or C2-C20 alkynyl is independently optionally substituted with deuterium, halogen, —OH, —CN, —OR1, —CO2H, C(O)OR1, —C(O)NH2, —C(O)NH(C1-C6 alkyl), —C(O)N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, SC1-C6 alkyl, S(O)C1-C6 alkyl, —S(O)2C1-C6 alkyl, —S(O)NH(C1-C6 alkyl), —S(O)2NH(C1-C6 alkyl), S(O)N(C1C6 alkyl)2, —S(O)2N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —NH2, NH(C1-C6 alkyl), —N(H)C1-C6 alkyl-NH2, —N(H)C1-C6 alkyl-Si(—OC1-C6 alkyl)3, —N(R1)C1-C6 alkyl-N(R1)C1-C6 alkyl-Si(—OC1-C6 alkyl)3-N(H)C1-C6 alkyl-N(H) C1-C6 alkyl-NH2, —P(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —P(O)(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —PO3H2, or —Si(—OC1-C6 alkyl)3; and each R1 is independently deuterium, C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkylaryl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkylaryl, or —C1-C10 alkyl, —O—C1-C10alkyl; C1-C10 alkylaryl, —O—C1-C10 alkylaryl wherein each hydrogen atom in C1-C10 alkyl, C1-C10 alkylaryl is optionally substituted with hydroxyl. 4. The article of claim 3, wherein RB is C6-C20 alkyl and each hydrogen atom in C6-C20 alkyl is independently optionally substituted by halogen, —OH, —CN, —OR1, —CO2H, —NH2, NH(C1-C6 alkyl), —N(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —P(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —P(O)(C1-C6 alkyl)2, —PO3H2, wherein R1 is independently deuterium or —C1-C10alkyl-O—C1-C10alkyl. 5. The article of claim 3, wherein the alkyl silane is selected from the group consisting of (chloroundecyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chloroundecyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloromethylene)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloromethylene)(triethoxy)silane, (chloroethyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloroethyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chloropropyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloropropyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chlorobutyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chlorobutyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chloropentyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloropentyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chlorohexyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chlorohexyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloroheptyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chloroheptyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chlorooctyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chlorooctyl)(triethoxy)silane, (chlorononyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (chlorononyl)(triethoxy)silane 11-(2-methoxyethoxy)undecyltrimethoxysilane, (aminoundecyl)(triethoxy)silane, (aminoundecyl)(trimethoxy)silane, (hydoxydecyl)(triethoxy)silane, (hydoxydecyl)(trimethoxy)silane; (undecylinic acid)(triethoxy)silane;
(hydroxyundecyl)(triethoxy) silane; (hydroxyheptyl) (triethoxy)silane; (phosphoundecyl)(triethoxy)silane. 6. The article of claim 3, wherein the alkyl silane is 11-chloroundecyltriethoxysilane. 7. The article of claim 1, wherein the invisible-fingerprint coating further comprises a crosslinking silane selected from the group consisting of formulas (I)-(IV):
(SiXn)—Y1 (I)
(SiXn)—Y2—(SiXn) (II)
(SiXn)—Y3—(SiXn)—(SiXn), and (III)
(SiXn)—(SiXn)—Y4—(SiXn)—(SiXn) (IV)
wherein: Y1 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (I) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y1; Y2 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (II) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y2; Y3 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (III) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y3; Y4 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (IV) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y4; each X is independently a monovalent leaving group selected from halogen, (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C2-C6) carboxy, and (C1-C6) oximo, (C1-C6) aryl alkoxy; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3. 8. A method for forming an invisible-fingerprint composition, comprising:
polymerizing, in a first solvent comprising water and an alcohol, an alkyl silane to form a non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate; and dissolving the non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate in a second solvent to a concentration of at least 0.01 mg/L and less than 100 g/L. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the weight ratio of water to the alcohol in the first solvent is 1:1000 to 1000:1. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first solvent comprises water with a water to alkoxy molar ratio of 20:1 to 1:20. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the first solvent further comprises a cros slinking silane selected from the group consisting of formulas (I)-(IV):
(SiXn)—Y1 (I)
(SiXn)—Y2—(SiXn) (II)
(SiXn)—Y3—(SiXn)—(SiXn), and (III)
(SiXn)—(SiXn)—Y4—(SiXn)—(SiXn) (IV)
wherein: Y1 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (I) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y1; Y2 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (II) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y2; Y3 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (III) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y3; Y4 is a (C2-C30) linear, branched or cyclo alkyl, aryl alkyl, alkyl aryl and each silicon in the formula (IV) is bonded to the same or different carbon in atom Y4; each X is independently a monovalent leaving group selected from halogen, (C1-C6) alkoxy, (C2-C6) carboxy, and (C1-C6) oximo, (C1-C6) aryl alkoxy; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the polymerizing step is performed a temperature of about −10° C. up to reflux of the first solvent. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the first solvent has a pH of between 0 and 14. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first solvent has a pH of between 6 and 8. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of polymerizing is performed for greater than or equal to 0.1 hours and less than or equal to 72 hours. 16. A method for forming an invisible-fingerprint surface, the method comprising:
depositing, on a surface comprising a glass, a glass ceramic, wood, a metal, a metal oxide, or a polymer substrate, a formulation comprising:
a solvent; and
a non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 100,000 Da and at least 300 Da; and
curing the formulation to form the invisible-fingerprint surface. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of depositing comprises spraying, dipping, wiping, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD) or pulsed laser deposition (PLD). 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the formulation comprises the non-fluorinated alkyl silane hydrolysate polymer dissolved in the solvent in a concentration of 0.01 mg/L to 100 g/L. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein, after curing, the invisible-fingerprint surface has an initial oil angle using diiodomethane of less than about 45° and an initial water angle of greater than about 70°. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein, after curing, the invisible-fingerprint surface is able to maintain a water contact angle of at least 50 degrees after 1,500 cycles of eraser abrasion. | 2,800 |
346,479 | 16,804,921 | 2,856 | Various systems and methods are provided for analyzing the effect(s) that a configuration change to one device has on other connected devices. In one embodiment, the disclosed functionality includes determining connectivity information associated with a data center, where the data center comprises at least a first device and a second device; discovering one or more changes to a configuration of the first device; determining, based at least in part on the connectivity information, that the second device is impacted by the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device; and determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, where each of the one or more impacts indicates a positive impact to the second device, a negative impact to the second device, or no impact to the second device. | 1. A method comprising:
determining connectivity information associated with a data center, wherein
the data center comprises a plurality of connected devices, and
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least a first device and a second device;
discovering one or more changes to a configuration of the first device; determining that the second device is impacted by the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, wherein
the second device is connected to the first device, and
the determining that the second device is impacted is based, at least in part, on the connectivity information; and
determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, wherein
each of the one or more impacts indicates that at least one of the following occurred as a result of the one or more changes:
a positive impact to the second device,
a negative impact to the second device, or
no impact to the second device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the connectivity information comprises port-level connectivity information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein
determining that the second device is impacted comprises analyzing the port-level connectivity information. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising
determining one or more current key-value pairs related to the second device, wherein
each of the one or more current key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined subsequent to the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
determining one or more previous key-value pairs from a previous configuration of the second device that was known to be working, wherein
each of the one or more previous key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined prior to the one or more changes being made to the configuration of the first device. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the determining the one or more impacts comprises comparing each of the one or more current key-value pairs to a corresponding one of the one or more previous key-value pairs to determine a plurality of results of the analyzing, wherein
the plurality of results of the analyzing indicates, for each current key-value pair, that the change had one of:
a positive impact on the second device,
a negative impact on the second device, or
no impact on the second device. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
generating a plurality of lists of impacts to the second device, wherein
the plurality of lists comprises a list of positive impacts and a list of negative impacts,
the list of positive impacts comprises information about one or more positive impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
the list of negative impacts comprises information about one or more negative impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device; and
displaying at least a portion of the list of positive impacts and at least a portion of the list of negative impacts. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
subsequent to the determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, performing at least one remedial measure, wherein
the at least one remedial measure is identified based, at least in part, on the results. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least one device that is connected to the first device but was not impacted by any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device. 9. A computing device comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media to store instructions executable by the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining connectivity information associated with a data center, wherein
the data center comprises a plurality of connected devices, and
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least a first device and a second device;
discovering one or more changes to a configuration of the first device;
determining that the second device is impacted by the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, wherein
the second device is connected to the first device, and
the determining that the second device is impacted is based, at least in part, on the connectivity information; and
determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, wherein
each of the one or more impacts indicates that at least one of the following occurred as a result of the one or more changes:
a positive impact to the second device,
a negative impact to the second device, or
no impact to the second device. 10. The computing device of claim 8, wherein
the connectivity information comprises port-level connectivity information; and determining that the second device is impacted comprises analyzing the port-level connectivity information. 11. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining one or more current key-value pairs related to the second device, wherein
each of the one or more current key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined subsequent to the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
determining one or more previous key-value pairs from a previous configuration of the second device that was known to be working, wherein
each of the one or more previous key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined prior to the one or more changes being made to the configuration of the first device. 12. The computing device of claim 11, wherein
the determining the one or more impacts comprises comparing each of the one or more current key-value pairs to a corresponding one of the one or more previous key-value pairs to determine a plurality of results of the analyzing, wherein
the plurality of results of the analyzing indicates, for each current key-value pair, that the change had one of:
a positive impact on the second device,
a negative impact on the second device, or
no impact on the second device. 13. The computing device of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating a plurality of lists of impacts to the second device, wherein
the plurality of lists comprises a list of positive impacts and a list of negative impacts,
the list of positive impacts comprises information about one or more positive impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
the list of negative impacts comprises information about one or more negative impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device;
displaying at least a portion of the list of positive impacts and at least a portion of the list of negative impacts; and subsequent to the determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, performing at least one remedial measure, wherein
the at least one remedial measure is identified based, at least in part, on the results. 14. The computing device of claim 9, wherein
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least one device that is connected to the first device but was not impacted by any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device. 15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media to store instructions executable by one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining connectivity information associated with a data center, wherein
the data center comprises a plurality of connected devices, and
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least a first device and a second device;
discovering one or more changes to a configuration of the first device; determining that the second device is impacted by the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, wherein
the second device is connected to the first device, and
the determining that the second device is impacted is based, at least in part, on the connectivity information; and
determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, wherein
each of the one or more impacts indicates that at least one of the following occurred as a result of the one or more changes:
a positive impact to the second device,
a negative impact to the second device, or
no impact to the second device. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein
the connectivity information comprises port-level connectivity information; and determining that the second device is impacted comprises analyzing the port-level connectivity information. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining one or more current key-value pairs related to the second device, wherein
each of the one or more current key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined subsequent to the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
determining one or more previous key-value pairs from a previous configuration of the second device that was known to be working, wherein
each of the one or more previous key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined prior to the one or more changes being made to the configuration of the first device. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein
the determining the one or more impacts comprises comparing each of the one or more current key-value pairs to a corresponding one of the one or more previous key-value pairs to determine a plurality of results of the analyzing, wherein
the plurality of results of the analyzing indicates, for each current key-value pair, that the change had one of:
a positive impact on the second device,
a negative impact on the second device, or
no impact on the second device. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating a plurality of lists of impacts to the second device, wherein
the plurality of lists comprises a list of positive impacts and a list of negative impacts,
the list of positive impacts comprises information about one or more positive impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
the list of negative impacts comprises information about one or more negative impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device;
displaying at least a portion of the list of positive impacts and at least a portion of the list of negative impacts; and subsequent to the determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, performing at least one remedial measure, wherein
the at least one remedial measure is identified based, at least in part, on the results. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least one device that is connected to the first device but was not impacted by any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device. | Various systems and methods are provided for analyzing the effect(s) that a configuration change to one device has on other connected devices. In one embodiment, the disclosed functionality includes determining connectivity information associated with a data center, where the data center comprises at least a first device and a second device; discovering one or more changes to a configuration of the first device; determining, based at least in part on the connectivity information, that the second device is impacted by the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device; and determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, where each of the one or more impacts indicates a positive impact to the second device, a negative impact to the second device, or no impact to the second device.1. A method comprising:
determining connectivity information associated with a data center, wherein
the data center comprises a plurality of connected devices, and
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least a first device and a second device;
discovering one or more changes to a configuration of the first device; determining that the second device is impacted by the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, wherein
the second device is connected to the first device, and
the determining that the second device is impacted is based, at least in part, on the connectivity information; and
determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, wherein
each of the one or more impacts indicates that at least one of the following occurred as a result of the one or more changes:
a positive impact to the second device,
a negative impact to the second device, or
no impact to the second device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the connectivity information comprises port-level connectivity information. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein
determining that the second device is impacted comprises analyzing the port-level connectivity information. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising
determining one or more current key-value pairs related to the second device, wherein
each of the one or more current key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined subsequent to the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
determining one or more previous key-value pairs from a previous configuration of the second device that was known to be working, wherein
each of the one or more previous key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined prior to the one or more changes being made to the configuration of the first device. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the determining the one or more impacts comprises comparing each of the one or more current key-value pairs to a corresponding one of the one or more previous key-value pairs to determine a plurality of results of the analyzing, wherein
the plurality of results of the analyzing indicates, for each current key-value pair, that the change had one of:
a positive impact on the second device,
a negative impact on the second device, or
no impact on the second device. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
generating a plurality of lists of impacts to the second device, wherein
the plurality of lists comprises a list of positive impacts and a list of negative impacts,
the list of positive impacts comprises information about one or more positive impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
the list of negative impacts comprises information about one or more negative impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device; and
displaying at least a portion of the list of positive impacts and at least a portion of the list of negative impacts. 7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
subsequent to the determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, performing at least one remedial measure, wherein
the at least one remedial measure is identified based, at least in part, on the results. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least one device that is connected to the first device but was not impacted by any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device. 9. A computing device comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media to store instructions executable by the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining connectivity information associated with a data center, wherein
the data center comprises a plurality of connected devices, and
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least a first device and a second device;
discovering one or more changes to a configuration of the first device;
determining that the second device is impacted by the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, wherein
the second device is connected to the first device, and
the determining that the second device is impacted is based, at least in part, on the connectivity information; and
determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, wherein
each of the one or more impacts indicates that at least one of the following occurred as a result of the one or more changes:
a positive impact to the second device,
a negative impact to the second device, or
no impact to the second device. 10. The computing device of claim 8, wherein
the connectivity information comprises port-level connectivity information; and determining that the second device is impacted comprises analyzing the port-level connectivity information. 11. The computing device of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining one or more current key-value pairs related to the second device, wherein
each of the one or more current key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined subsequent to the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
determining one or more previous key-value pairs from a previous configuration of the second device that was known to be working, wherein
each of the one or more previous key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined prior to the one or more changes being made to the configuration of the first device. 12. The computing device of claim 11, wherein
the determining the one or more impacts comprises comparing each of the one or more current key-value pairs to a corresponding one of the one or more previous key-value pairs to determine a plurality of results of the analyzing, wherein
the plurality of results of the analyzing indicates, for each current key-value pair, that the change had one of:
a positive impact on the second device,
a negative impact on the second device, or
no impact on the second device. 13. The computing device of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating a plurality of lists of impacts to the second device, wherein
the plurality of lists comprises a list of positive impacts and a list of negative impacts,
the list of positive impacts comprises information about one or more positive impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
the list of negative impacts comprises information about one or more negative impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device;
displaying at least a portion of the list of positive impacts and at least a portion of the list of negative impacts; and subsequent to the determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, performing at least one remedial measure, wherein
the at least one remedial measure is identified based, at least in part, on the results. 14. The computing device of claim 9, wherein
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least one device that is connected to the first device but was not impacted by any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device. 15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media to store instructions executable by one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining connectivity information associated with a data center, wherein
the data center comprises a plurality of connected devices, and
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least a first device and a second device;
discovering one or more changes to a configuration of the first device; determining that the second device is impacted by the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, wherein
the second device is connected to the first device, and
the determining that the second device is impacted is based, at least in part, on the connectivity information; and
determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, wherein
each of the one or more impacts indicates that at least one of the following occurred as a result of the one or more changes:
a positive impact to the second device,
a negative impact to the second device, or
no impact to the second device. 16. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein
the connectivity information comprises port-level connectivity information; and determining that the second device is impacted comprises analyzing the port-level connectivity information. 17. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
determining one or more current key-value pairs related to the second device, wherein
each of the one or more current key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined subsequent to the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
determining one or more previous key-value pairs from a previous configuration of the second device that was known to be working, wherein
each of the one or more previous key-value pairs comprises a value that was determined prior to the one or more changes being made to the configuration of the first device. 18. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 17, wherein
the determining the one or more impacts comprises comparing each of the one or more current key-value pairs to a corresponding one of the one or more previous key-value pairs to determine a plurality of results of the analyzing, wherein
the plurality of results of the analyzing indicates, for each current key-value pair, that the change had one of:
a positive impact on the second device,
a negative impact on the second device, or
no impact on the second device. 19. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise:
generating a plurality of lists of impacts to the second device, wherein
the plurality of lists comprises a list of positive impacts and a list of negative impacts,
the list of positive impacts comprises information about one or more positive impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device, and
the list of negative impacts comprises information about one or more negative impacts to the second device as a result of any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device;
displaying at least a portion of the list of positive impacts and at least a portion of the list of negative impacts; and subsequent to the determining one or more impacts to the second device as a result of the one or more changes, performing at least one remedial measure, wherein
the at least one remedial measure is identified based, at least in part, on the results. 20. The one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein
the plurality of connected devices comprises at least one device that is connected to the first device but was not impacted by any of the one or more changes to the configuration of the first device. | 2,800 |
346,480 | 16,804,915 | 2,856 | A panelboard system includes a panelboard, a first circuit breaker in the panelboard, a second circuit breaker in the panelboard, and an interlock assembly. The interlock assembly includes: an interlock panel, a first protrusion on the interlock panel and positioned above the first circuit breaker, a second protrusion on the interlock panel and positioned above the second circuit breaker, and a toggle bracket pivotally connected to the interlock panel at a pivot member between the first and second protrusions. The toggle bracket includes a first arm extending from the pivot member toward the first circuit breaker and a second arm extending from the pivot member toward the second circuit breaker. | 1. A panelboard system comprising:
a panelboard; a first circuit breaker in the panelboard, the first circuit breaker comprising a first handle that is movable between an on position and an off position; a second circuit breaker in the panelboard, the second circuit breaker comprising a second handle that is movable between an on position and an off position; an interlock assembly comprising:
an interlock panel;
a first protrusion on the interlock panel and positioned above the first circuit breaker;
a second protrusion on the interlock panel and positioned above the second circuit breaker; and
a toggle bracket pivotally connected to the interlock panel at a pivot member between the first and second protrusions, the toggle bracket comprising a first arm extending from the pivot member toward the first circuit breaker and a second arm extending from the pivot member toward the second circuit breaker;
wherein, when the toggle bracket is rotated in a first direction such that the first arm is adjacent and/or abutting the first protrusion and the first handle is then moved from the off position to the on position, the toggle bracket is held in a first position with the second arm positioned to prevent the second handle from moving from the off position to the on position; and wherein, when the toggle bracket is rotated in a second direction, opposite the first direction, such that the second arm is adjacent and/or abutting the second protrusion and the second handle is then moved from the off position to the on position, the toggle bracket is held in a second position with the first arm positioned to prevent the first handle from moving from the off position to the on position. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first arm is held between the first protrusion and the first handle with the toggle bracket in the first position; and the second arm is held between the second protrusion and the second handle with the toggle switch in the second position. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the first and second circuit breakers are horizontally spaced apart from one another. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the toggle bracket is in a relaxed position when each of the first handle and the second handle are in the off position;
the first arm is spaced apart from the first protrusion and the second arm is spaced apart from the second protrusion with the toggle bracket in the relaxed position; and
the toggle bracket prevents each of the first handle and the second handle from being moved from the off position to the on position with the toggle bracket in the relaxed position. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the pivot member is positioned above and between the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the interlock panel is connected to a front side of a trim of the panelboard. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first arm comprises a first portion extending from the pivot member toward the first circuit breaker and a first stop that is substantially perpendicular to the first portion; and
the second arm comprises a first portion extending from the pivot member toward the second circuit breaker and a second stop that is substantially perpendicular to the first portion. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the toggle bracket is substantially L-shaped. 9. An interlock assembly for use with a panelboard comprising a first circuit breaker having a first handle and a second circuit breaker having a second handle, the assembly comprising:
an interlock panel configured to be connected to the panelboard in an installed position; a first protrusion on the interlock panel; a second protrusion on the interlock panel; and a toggle bracket pivotally connected to the interlock panel at a pivot member between the first and second protrusions, the toggle bracket comprising a first and second spaced apart arms each extending away from the pivot member; wherein, with the interlock panel in the installed position:
when the toggle bracket is rotated in a first direction such that the first arm is adjacent and/or abutting the first protrusion and the first handle is then moved from an off position to an on position, the toggle bracket is held in a first position with the second arm positioned to prevent the second handle from moving from an off position to an on position; and
when the toggle bracket is rotated in a second direction, opposite the first direction, such that the second arm is adjacent and/or abutting the second protrusion and the second handle is then moved from the off position to the on position, the toggle bracket is held in a second position with the first arm positioned to prevent the first handle from moving from the off position to the on position. 10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein:
the first arm is held between the first protrusion and the first handle with the toggle bracket in the first position; and the second arm is held between the second protrusion and the second handle with the toggle switch in the second position. 11. The assembly of claim 9 wherein:
the toggle bracket is in a relaxed position when each of the first handle and the second handle are in the off position;
the first arm is spaced apart from the first protrusion and the second arm is spaced apart from the second protrusion with the toggle bracket in the relaxed position; and
the toggle bracket prevents each of the first handle and the second handle from being moved from the off position to the on position with the toggle bracket in the relaxed position. 12. The assembly of claim 9 wherein, with the interlock panel in the installed position, the first protrusion is positioned above the first circuit breaker and the second protrusion is positioned above the second circuit breaker. 13. The assembly of claim 9 wherein, with the interlock panel in the installed position, the first arm of the toggle bracket extends from the pivot member toward the first circuit breaker and the second arm of the toggle bracket extends from the pivot member toward the second circuit breaker 14. The assembly of claim 9 wherein, with the interlock panel in the installed position, the pivot member is positioned above and between the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker. 15. The assembly of claim 9 wherein the interlock panel is configured to connect with a top portion of a trim assembly of the panelboard in the installed position. 16. The assembly of claim 9 wherein an angle defined between the first and second arms is 90°. 17. A method comprising:
providing a panelboard system comprising:
a panelboard;
a first circuit breaker in the panelboard, the first circuit breaker comprising a first handle that is movable between an on position and an off position;
a second circuit breaker in the panelboard, the second circuit breaker comprising a second handle that is movable between an on position and an off position;
an interlock assembly comprising:
an interlock panel;
a first protrusion on the interlock panel;
a second protrusion on the interlock panel; and
a toggle bracket pivotally connected to the interlock panel at a pivot member, the toggle bracket comprising a first arm extending from the pivot member toward the first circuit breaker and a second, spaced apart arm extending from the pivot member toward the second circuit breaker;
with the first handle and the second handle each in the off position, rotating the toggle bracket in a first direction such that the first arm is adjacent and/or abutting the first protrusion; moving the first handle from the off position to the on position such that the first handle moves beneath the first arm of the toggle bracket; in response to moving the first handle from the off position to the on position, holding the toggle bracket in a first position with the second arm positioned to prevent the second handle from moving from the off position to the on position; with the first handle and the second handle each in the off position, rotating the toggle bracket in a second direction, opposite the first direction, such that the second arm is adjacent and/or abutting the second protrusion; moving the second handle from the off position to the on position such that the second handle moves beneath the second arm of the toggle bracket; and in response to moving the second handle from the off position to the on position, holding the toggle bracket in a second position with the first arm positioned to prevent the first handle from moving from the off position to the on position. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein:
the first arm is held between the first protrusion and the first handle with the toggle bracket in the first position; and
the second arm is held between the second protrusion and the second handle with the toggle switch in the second position. | A panelboard system includes a panelboard, a first circuit breaker in the panelboard, a second circuit breaker in the panelboard, and an interlock assembly. The interlock assembly includes: an interlock panel, a first protrusion on the interlock panel and positioned above the first circuit breaker, a second protrusion on the interlock panel and positioned above the second circuit breaker, and a toggle bracket pivotally connected to the interlock panel at a pivot member between the first and second protrusions. The toggle bracket includes a first arm extending from the pivot member toward the first circuit breaker and a second arm extending from the pivot member toward the second circuit breaker.1. A panelboard system comprising:
a panelboard; a first circuit breaker in the panelboard, the first circuit breaker comprising a first handle that is movable between an on position and an off position; a second circuit breaker in the panelboard, the second circuit breaker comprising a second handle that is movable between an on position and an off position; an interlock assembly comprising:
an interlock panel;
a first protrusion on the interlock panel and positioned above the first circuit breaker;
a second protrusion on the interlock panel and positioned above the second circuit breaker; and
a toggle bracket pivotally connected to the interlock panel at a pivot member between the first and second protrusions, the toggle bracket comprising a first arm extending from the pivot member toward the first circuit breaker and a second arm extending from the pivot member toward the second circuit breaker;
wherein, when the toggle bracket is rotated in a first direction such that the first arm is adjacent and/or abutting the first protrusion and the first handle is then moved from the off position to the on position, the toggle bracket is held in a first position with the second arm positioned to prevent the second handle from moving from the off position to the on position; and wherein, when the toggle bracket is rotated in a second direction, opposite the first direction, such that the second arm is adjacent and/or abutting the second protrusion and the second handle is then moved from the off position to the on position, the toggle bracket is held in a second position with the first arm positioned to prevent the first handle from moving from the off position to the on position. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the first arm is held between the first protrusion and the first handle with the toggle bracket in the first position; and the second arm is held between the second protrusion and the second handle with the toggle switch in the second position. 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the first and second circuit breakers are horizontally spaced apart from one another. 4. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the toggle bracket is in a relaxed position when each of the first handle and the second handle are in the off position;
the first arm is spaced apart from the first protrusion and the second arm is spaced apart from the second protrusion with the toggle bracket in the relaxed position; and
the toggle bracket prevents each of the first handle and the second handle from being moved from the off position to the on position with the toggle bracket in the relaxed position. 5. The system of claim 1 wherein the pivot member is positioned above and between the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker. 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the interlock panel is connected to a front side of a trim of the panelboard. 7. The system of claim 1 wherein:
the first arm comprises a first portion extending from the pivot member toward the first circuit breaker and a first stop that is substantially perpendicular to the first portion; and
the second arm comprises a first portion extending from the pivot member toward the second circuit breaker and a second stop that is substantially perpendicular to the first portion. 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the toggle bracket is substantially L-shaped. 9. An interlock assembly for use with a panelboard comprising a first circuit breaker having a first handle and a second circuit breaker having a second handle, the assembly comprising:
an interlock panel configured to be connected to the panelboard in an installed position; a first protrusion on the interlock panel; a second protrusion on the interlock panel; and a toggle bracket pivotally connected to the interlock panel at a pivot member between the first and second protrusions, the toggle bracket comprising a first and second spaced apart arms each extending away from the pivot member; wherein, with the interlock panel in the installed position:
when the toggle bracket is rotated in a first direction such that the first arm is adjacent and/or abutting the first protrusion and the first handle is then moved from an off position to an on position, the toggle bracket is held in a first position with the second arm positioned to prevent the second handle from moving from an off position to an on position; and
when the toggle bracket is rotated in a second direction, opposite the first direction, such that the second arm is adjacent and/or abutting the second protrusion and the second handle is then moved from the off position to the on position, the toggle bracket is held in a second position with the first arm positioned to prevent the first handle from moving from the off position to the on position. 10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein:
the first arm is held between the first protrusion and the first handle with the toggle bracket in the first position; and the second arm is held between the second protrusion and the second handle with the toggle switch in the second position. 11. The assembly of claim 9 wherein:
the toggle bracket is in a relaxed position when each of the first handle and the second handle are in the off position;
the first arm is spaced apart from the first protrusion and the second arm is spaced apart from the second protrusion with the toggle bracket in the relaxed position; and
the toggle bracket prevents each of the first handle and the second handle from being moved from the off position to the on position with the toggle bracket in the relaxed position. 12. The assembly of claim 9 wherein, with the interlock panel in the installed position, the first protrusion is positioned above the first circuit breaker and the second protrusion is positioned above the second circuit breaker. 13. The assembly of claim 9 wherein, with the interlock panel in the installed position, the first arm of the toggle bracket extends from the pivot member toward the first circuit breaker and the second arm of the toggle bracket extends from the pivot member toward the second circuit breaker 14. The assembly of claim 9 wherein, with the interlock panel in the installed position, the pivot member is positioned above and between the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker. 15. The assembly of claim 9 wherein the interlock panel is configured to connect with a top portion of a trim assembly of the panelboard in the installed position. 16. The assembly of claim 9 wherein an angle defined between the first and second arms is 90°. 17. A method comprising:
providing a panelboard system comprising:
a panelboard;
a first circuit breaker in the panelboard, the first circuit breaker comprising a first handle that is movable between an on position and an off position;
a second circuit breaker in the panelboard, the second circuit breaker comprising a second handle that is movable between an on position and an off position;
an interlock assembly comprising:
an interlock panel;
a first protrusion on the interlock panel;
a second protrusion on the interlock panel; and
a toggle bracket pivotally connected to the interlock panel at a pivot member, the toggle bracket comprising a first arm extending from the pivot member toward the first circuit breaker and a second, spaced apart arm extending from the pivot member toward the second circuit breaker;
with the first handle and the second handle each in the off position, rotating the toggle bracket in a first direction such that the first arm is adjacent and/or abutting the first protrusion; moving the first handle from the off position to the on position such that the first handle moves beneath the first arm of the toggle bracket; in response to moving the first handle from the off position to the on position, holding the toggle bracket in a first position with the second arm positioned to prevent the second handle from moving from the off position to the on position; with the first handle and the second handle each in the off position, rotating the toggle bracket in a second direction, opposite the first direction, such that the second arm is adjacent and/or abutting the second protrusion; moving the second handle from the off position to the on position such that the second handle moves beneath the second arm of the toggle bracket; and in response to moving the second handle from the off position to the on position, holding the toggle bracket in a second position with the first arm positioned to prevent the first handle from moving from the off position to the on position. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein:
the first arm is held between the first protrusion and the first handle with the toggle bracket in the first position; and
the second arm is held between the second protrusion and the second handle with the toggle switch in the second position. | 2,800 |
346,481 | 16,804,946 | 2,856 | This disclosure proposes systems, methods, and apparatus that identify raw SQL queries that are likely to cause a double counting error, and if such a SQL query is identified, then convert the raw SQL query into SQL queries that account for and avoid double counting. In some embodiments, this process uses queries and subqueries that refer back to a common table expression (CTE) in order to reduce code length and increase query execution speed. | 1. A method comprising:
identifying one or more columns in one or more source data tables that will see double counting aggregation errors based at least in part on comparing: (1) one or more source data tables referenced in a raw SQL query; and (2) data relationships between primary keys and join criteria; determining if a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship between a given table and any other table exists based at least in part on the identifying and the comparing; identifying a corresponding column as being affected by a double counting aggregation error based at least in part on the determining; and generating a modified SQL query equivalent to the raw SQL query in functionality but without the double counting aggregation errors. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified SQL is configured to cause a processor to:
(1) form a common table expression (CTE) by:
creating the CTE as a selection from a joined table;
(2) perform sub queries to the CTE including to produce one or more aggregated sub query results tables from the one or more source data tables by:
performing a data selection sub query for each source data table, where each data selection sub query produces a filtered sub query results table; and
performing aggregation sub queries on the filtered sub query results tables, where each aggregation sub query produces an aggregated sub query results table;
(3) join the aggregated sub query results tables to form an aggregated joined table; and (4) perform a main query for columns from the aggregated joined table for display as a final results set. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the data selection sub query uses a SELECT DISTINCT function. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the data selection sub query includes (1) all un-aggregated columns in a selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, (2) all columns required for aggregation of the selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, and (3) all unique key columns from the CTE. 5. The method of claim 4, where the data selection sub query uses a DISTINCT function to distinguish between rows in the CTE that are distinct based on the unique key columns. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein when a source data table does not have unique keys, a second CTE can be created containing all columns requested by the raw SQL query, stripped of any aggregations, and including a “Table*” expression added to the second CTE in place of unique keys. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the main query includes adding all un-aggregated columns from one of the source data tables to the final results set and adding all aggregated columns from the aggregated joined table to the final results set. 8. A system comprising a double counting resolver module configured for storage on a memory and configured to execute on a processing portion, the double counting resolver module including:
a sub module for receiving a request to execute a raw SQL query, where the raw SQL query is configured to access one or more source data tables in a database; a sub module for identifying one or more columns in one or more source data tables that will see double counting aggregation errors based at least in part on comparing: (1) one or more source data tables referenced in a raw SQL query; and (2) data relationships between primary keys and join criteria; and a sub module for determining if a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship between a given table and any other table exists based at least in part on the identifying and the comparing; a sub module for identifying a corresponding column as being affected by a double counting aggregation error based at least in part on the determining; and a sub module for generating a modified SQL query equivalent to the raw SQL query in functionality but without the double counting aggregation errors. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the modified SQL is configured to cause the processing portion to:
(1) form a common table expression (CTE) by:
creating the CTE as a selection from a joined table; and
(2) perform sub queries to the CTE including to produce one or more aggregated sub query results tables from the one or more source data tables by:
performing a data selection sub query for each source data table, where each data selection sub query produces a filtered sub query results table; and
performing an aggregation sub query on each of the filtered sub query results tables, where each aggregation sub query produces an aggregated sub query results table;
(3) join the aggregated sub query results tables to form an aggregated joined table; and (4) perform a main query for columns from the aggregated joined table for return as the final results set. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the data selection sub query uses a SELECT DISTINCT function. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the data selection sub query includes (1) all un-aggregated columns in a selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, (2) all columns required for aggregation of the selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, and (3) all unique key columns from the CTE. 12. The system of claim 11, where the data selection sub query uses a DISTINCT function to distinguish between rows in the CTE that are distinct based on the unique key columns. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein when a source data table does not have unique keys, a second CTE can be created containing all columns requested by the raw SQL query, stripped of any aggregations, and including a “Table*” expression added to the second CTE in place of unique keys. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the main query includes adding all un-aggregated columns from one of the source data tables to the final results set and adding all aggregated columns from the aggregated joined table to the final results set. 15. A non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium, encoded with processor readable instructions to perform a method for modifying a raw SQL query to avoid double counting aggregation errors, the method comprising:
identifying one or more columns in one or more source data tables that will see double counting aggregation errors based at least in part on comparing: (1) one or more source data tables referenced in a raw SQL query; and (2) data relationships between primary keys and join criteria; determining if a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship between a given table and any other table exists based at least in part on the identifying and the comparing; identifying a corresponding column as being affected by a double counting aggregation error based at least in part on the determining; and generating a modified SQL query equivalent to the raw SQL query in functionality but without the double counting aggregation errors. 16. The non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the method further includes:
(1) form a common table expression (CTE) by:
creating the CTE as a selection from a joined table;
(2) perform sub queries to the CTE including to produce one or more aggregated sub query results tables from the one or more source data tables by:
performing a data selection sub query for each source data table, where each data selection sub query produces a filtered sub query results table; and
performing aggregation sub queries on the filtered sub query results tables, where each aggregation sub query produces an aggregated sub query results table;
(3) join the aggregated sub query results tables to form an aggregated joined table; and (4) perform a main query for columns from the aggregated joined table for display as a final results set. 17. The non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the data selection sub query includes (1) all un-aggregated columns in a selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, (2) all columns required for aggregation of the selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, and (3) all unique key columns from the CTE. 18. The non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 18, where the data selection sub query uses a DISTINCT function to distinguish between rows in the CTE that are distinct based on the unique key columns. 19. The non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein when a source data table does not have unique keys, a second CTE can be created containing all columns requested by the raw SQL query, stripped of any aggregations, and including a “Table*” expression added to the second CTE in place of unique keys. 20. The non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the main query includes adding all un-aggregated columns from one of the source data tables to the final results set and adding all aggregated columns from the aggregated joined table to the final results set. | This disclosure proposes systems, methods, and apparatus that identify raw SQL queries that are likely to cause a double counting error, and if such a SQL query is identified, then convert the raw SQL query into SQL queries that account for and avoid double counting. In some embodiments, this process uses queries and subqueries that refer back to a common table expression (CTE) in order to reduce code length and increase query execution speed.1. A method comprising:
identifying one or more columns in one or more source data tables that will see double counting aggregation errors based at least in part on comparing: (1) one or more source data tables referenced in a raw SQL query; and (2) data relationships between primary keys and join criteria; determining if a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship between a given table and any other table exists based at least in part on the identifying and the comparing; identifying a corresponding column as being affected by a double counting aggregation error based at least in part on the determining; and generating a modified SQL query equivalent to the raw SQL query in functionality but without the double counting aggregation errors. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified SQL is configured to cause a processor to:
(1) form a common table expression (CTE) by:
creating the CTE as a selection from a joined table;
(2) perform sub queries to the CTE including to produce one or more aggregated sub query results tables from the one or more source data tables by:
performing a data selection sub query for each source data table, where each data selection sub query produces a filtered sub query results table; and
performing aggregation sub queries on the filtered sub query results tables, where each aggregation sub query produces an aggregated sub query results table;
(3) join the aggregated sub query results tables to form an aggregated joined table; and (4) perform a main query for columns from the aggregated joined table for display as a final results set. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the data selection sub query uses a SELECT DISTINCT function. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the data selection sub query includes (1) all un-aggregated columns in a selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, (2) all columns required for aggregation of the selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, and (3) all unique key columns from the CTE. 5. The method of claim 4, where the data selection sub query uses a DISTINCT function to distinguish between rows in the CTE that are distinct based on the unique key columns. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein when a source data table does not have unique keys, a second CTE can be created containing all columns requested by the raw SQL query, stripped of any aggregations, and including a “Table*” expression added to the second CTE in place of unique keys. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the main query includes adding all un-aggregated columns from one of the source data tables to the final results set and adding all aggregated columns from the aggregated joined table to the final results set. 8. A system comprising a double counting resolver module configured for storage on a memory and configured to execute on a processing portion, the double counting resolver module including:
a sub module for receiving a request to execute a raw SQL query, where the raw SQL query is configured to access one or more source data tables in a database; a sub module for identifying one or more columns in one or more source data tables that will see double counting aggregation errors based at least in part on comparing: (1) one or more source data tables referenced in a raw SQL query; and (2) data relationships between primary keys and join criteria; and a sub module for determining if a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship between a given table and any other table exists based at least in part on the identifying and the comparing; a sub module for identifying a corresponding column as being affected by a double counting aggregation error based at least in part on the determining; and a sub module for generating a modified SQL query equivalent to the raw SQL query in functionality but without the double counting aggregation errors. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the modified SQL is configured to cause the processing portion to:
(1) form a common table expression (CTE) by:
creating the CTE as a selection from a joined table; and
(2) perform sub queries to the CTE including to produce one or more aggregated sub query results tables from the one or more source data tables by:
performing a data selection sub query for each source data table, where each data selection sub query produces a filtered sub query results table; and
performing an aggregation sub query on each of the filtered sub query results tables, where each aggregation sub query produces an aggregated sub query results table;
(3) join the aggregated sub query results tables to form an aggregated joined table; and (4) perform a main query for columns from the aggregated joined table for return as the final results set. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the data selection sub query uses a SELECT DISTINCT function. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the data selection sub query includes (1) all un-aggregated columns in a selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, (2) all columns required for aggregation of the selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, and (3) all unique key columns from the CTE. 12. The system of claim 11, where the data selection sub query uses a DISTINCT function to distinguish between rows in the CTE that are distinct based on the unique key columns. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein when a source data table does not have unique keys, a second CTE can be created containing all columns requested by the raw SQL query, stripped of any aggregations, and including a “Table*” expression added to the second CTE in place of unique keys. 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the main query includes adding all un-aggregated columns from one of the source data tables to the final results set and adding all aggregated columns from the aggregated joined table to the final results set. 15. A non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium, encoded with processor readable instructions to perform a method for modifying a raw SQL query to avoid double counting aggregation errors, the method comprising:
identifying one or more columns in one or more source data tables that will see double counting aggregation errors based at least in part on comparing: (1) one or more source data tables referenced in a raw SQL query; and (2) data relationships between primary keys and join criteria; determining if a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship between a given table and any other table exists based at least in part on the identifying and the comparing; identifying a corresponding column as being affected by a double counting aggregation error based at least in part on the determining; and generating a modified SQL query equivalent to the raw SQL query in functionality but without the double counting aggregation errors. 16. The non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the method further includes:
(1) form a common table expression (CTE) by:
creating the CTE as a selection from a joined table;
(2) perform sub queries to the CTE including to produce one or more aggregated sub query results tables from the one or more source data tables by:
performing a data selection sub query for each source data table, where each data selection sub query produces a filtered sub query results table; and
performing aggregation sub queries on the filtered sub query results tables, where each aggregation sub query produces an aggregated sub query results table;
(3) join the aggregated sub query results tables to form an aggregated joined table; and (4) perform a main query for columns from the aggregated joined table for display as a final results set. 17. The non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the data selection sub query includes (1) all un-aggregated columns in a selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, (2) all columns required for aggregation of the selected source data table corresponding to the data selection sub query, and (3) all unique key columns from the CTE. 18. The non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 18, where the data selection sub query uses a DISTINCT function to distinguish between rows in the CTE that are distinct based on the unique key columns. 19. The non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein when a source data table does not have unique keys, a second CTE can be created containing all columns requested by the raw SQL query, stripped of any aggregations, and including a “Table*” expression added to the second CTE in place of unique keys. 20. The non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the main query includes adding all un-aggregated columns from one of the source data tables to the final results set and adding all aggregated columns from the aggregated joined table to the final results set. | 2,800 |
346,482 | 16,804,906 | 2,856 | An antenna system including one or more a frequency responsive components (FRCs) may employ filters to one or more paths in the antenna system corresponding one or more radiating elements on those paths. The FRCs can block a signal from reaching the radiating elements effectively causing the radiating elements to become non-contributing to the antenna systems radiating pattern performance, and thus, maintain a consistent aperture value associated with the antenna system. In some cases, the FRCs may be configured to block a signal when the antenna system is operating at a particular frequency. | 1. An antenna system comprising:
a radome; a first radiating element located within the radome; a first frequency responsive component (FRC) coupled to the first radiating element, the first FRC to pass a first signal associated with a first frequency and to filter a second signal associated with a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency, wherein the first FRC is configured to receive the first signal and the second signal via a first pathway to the first radiating element; a second radiating element located within the radome, the second radiating element being different than the first radiating element; and a second FRC coupled to the second radiating element, the second FRC to pass a third signal associated with a third frequency that is higher than the second frequency and to filter a fourth signal associated with a fourth frequency that is higher than the third frequency, wherein the second FRC is configured to receive the third signal and the fourth signal via a second pathway to the second radiating element. 2. The antenna system as recited in claim 1, wherein the antenna system comprises a wide band passive array antenna. 3. The antenna system as recited in claim 1, wherein the first frequency is associated with a first aperture value, the second frequency is associated with a second aperture value, the third frequency is associated with a third aperture value, and the fourth frequency is associated with a fourth aperture value. 4. The antenna system as recited in claim 3, wherein at least one of the first FRC or the second FRC causes the first aperture value, the second aperture value, the third aperture value, and the fourth aperture value to be substantially similar. 5. The antenna system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions causing the one or more processors to:
receive an instruction to operate at a fifth frequency using a fifth signal associated with the fifth frequency;
determine a radiating element of a plurality of radiating elements located within the radome in which to filter the fifth signal from being transmitted; and
adjust a cut-off frequency threshold of an FRC associated with the radiating element of the plurality of radiating elements, wherein adjusting the cut-off frequency threshold the FRC causes an aperture value associated with the antenna system to remain within a threshold value when operating at the fifth frequency. 6. The antenna system as recited in claim 1, wherein the antenna system comprises at least one of a linear array or a two-dimensional planar array. 7. The antenna system as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first FRC or the second FRC comprise a low pass filter. 8. A method performed by an antenna system comprising:
receiving a first signal associated with a first frequency; sending the first signal to a frequency responsive component (FRC) coupled to a radiating element, the FRC to pass the first signal in response to the first frequency being below a predefined threshold; receiving a second signal associated with a second frequency; and sending the second signal to the FRC, the FRC to filter the second signal in response the second frequency being above the predefined threshold. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the antenna system comprises a wide band passive array antenna. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first frequency is associated with a first aperture value and the second frequency is associated with a second aperture value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the FRC causes the first aperture value and the second aperture value to be substantially similar. 12. The method of claim 8, the antenna system further comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions causing the one or more processors to:
receive an instruction to operate at a third frequency using a third signal associated with the third frequency;
determine a radiating element of a plurality of radiating elements in which to filter the third signal from being transmitted; and
adjust a cut-off frequency threshold of an FRC associated with the radiating element of the plurality of radiating elements, wherein adjusting a cut-off frequency threshold of the FRC causes an aperture value associated with the antenna system to remain within a threshold value when operating at the third frequency. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the antenna system comprises at least one of a linear array or a two-dimensional planar array. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the FRC comprises a low pass filter. 15. A method performed by an antenna system comprising:
receiving a signal associated with a frequency; sending the signal to a first frequency responsive component (FRC) coupled to a first radiating element, the first FRC to pass the signal in response to the frequency being below a first predefined threshold; sending the signal to a second FRC coupled to a second radiating element, the second FRC being configured to filter the signal in response to the frequency being above a second predefined threshold. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the antenna system comprises a wide band passive array antenna. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the frequency is associated with an aperture value and filtering the signal from the second radiating element causes aperture value to remain within a threshold value. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the signal comprises a first signal, the frequency comprises a first frequency, and the antenna system further comprises:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions causing the one or more processors to:
receive an instruction to operate at a second frequency using a second signal associated with the second frequency;
determine a radiating element of a plurality of radiating elements in which to filter the second signal from being transmitted; and
adjust a cut-off frequency threshold of an FRC associated with the radiating element of the plurality of radiating elements, wherein adjusting a cut-off frequency threshold of the FRC causes an aperture value associated with the antenna system to remain within a threshold value when operating at the second frequency. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the antenna system comprises at least one of a linear array or a two-dimensional planar array. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one of the first FRC or the second FRC comprise a low pass filter. | An antenna system including one or more a frequency responsive components (FRCs) may employ filters to one or more paths in the antenna system corresponding one or more radiating elements on those paths. The FRCs can block a signal from reaching the radiating elements effectively causing the radiating elements to become non-contributing to the antenna systems radiating pattern performance, and thus, maintain a consistent aperture value associated with the antenna system. In some cases, the FRCs may be configured to block a signal when the antenna system is operating at a particular frequency.1. An antenna system comprising:
a radome; a first radiating element located within the radome; a first frequency responsive component (FRC) coupled to the first radiating element, the first FRC to pass a first signal associated with a first frequency and to filter a second signal associated with a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency, wherein the first FRC is configured to receive the first signal and the second signal via a first pathway to the first radiating element; a second radiating element located within the radome, the second radiating element being different than the first radiating element; and a second FRC coupled to the second radiating element, the second FRC to pass a third signal associated with a third frequency that is higher than the second frequency and to filter a fourth signal associated with a fourth frequency that is higher than the third frequency, wherein the second FRC is configured to receive the third signal and the fourth signal via a second pathway to the second radiating element. 2. The antenna system as recited in claim 1, wherein the antenna system comprises a wide band passive array antenna. 3. The antenna system as recited in claim 1, wherein the first frequency is associated with a first aperture value, the second frequency is associated with a second aperture value, the third frequency is associated with a third aperture value, and the fourth frequency is associated with a fourth aperture value. 4. The antenna system as recited in claim 3, wherein at least one of the first FRC or the second FRC causes the first aperture value, the second aperture value, the third aperture value, and the fourth aperture value to be substantially similar. 5. The antenna system as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions causing the one or more processors to:
receive an instruction to operate at a fifth frequency using a fifth signal associated with the fifth frequency;
determine a radiating element of a plurality of radiating elements located within the radome in which to filter the fifth signal from being transmitted; and
adjust a cut-off frequency threshold of an FRC associated with the radiating element of the plurality of radiating elements, wherein adjusting the cut-off frequency threshold the FRC causes an aperture value associated with the antenna system to remain within a threshold value when operating at the fifth frequency. 6. The antenna system as recited in claim 1, wherein the antenna system comprises at least one of a linear array or a two-dimensional planar array. 7. The antenna system as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first FRC or the second FRC comprise a low pass filter. 8. A method performed by an antenna system comprising:
receiving a first signal associated with a first frequency; sending the first signal to a frequency responsive component (FRC) coupled to a radiating element, the FRC to pass the first signal in response to the first frequency being below a predefined threshold; receiving a second signal associated with a second frequency; and sending the second signal to the FRC, the FRC to filter the second signal in response the second frequency being above the predefined threshold. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the antenna system comprises a wide band passive array antenna. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the first frequency is associated with a first aperture value and the second frequency is associated with a second aperture value. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the FRC causes the first aperture value and the second aperture value to be substantially similar. 12. The method of claim 8, the antenna system further comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions causing the one or more processors to:
receive an instruction to operate at a third frequency using a third signal associated with the third frequency;
determine a radiating element of a plurality of radiating elements in which to filter the third signal from being transmitted; and
adjust a cut-off frequency threshold of an FRC associated with the radiating element of the plurality of radiating elements, wherein adjusting a cut-off frequency threshold of the FRC causes an aperture value associated with the antenna system to remain within a threshold value when operating at the third frequency. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the antenna system comprises at least one of a linear array or a two-dimensional planar array. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the FRC comprises a low pass filter. 15. A method performed by an antenna system comprising:
receiving a signal associated with a frequency; sending the signal to a first frequency responsive component (FRC) coupled to a first radiating element, the first FRC to pass the signal in response to the frequency being below a first predefined threshold; sending the signal to a second FRC coupled to a second radiating element, the second FRC being configured to filter the signal in response to the frequency being above a second predefined threshold. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the antenna system comprises a wide band passive array antenna. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the frequency is associated with an aperture value and filtering the signal from the second radiating element causes aperture value to remain within a threshold value. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the signal comprises a first signal, the frequency comprises a first frequency, and the antenna system further comprises:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions causing the one or more processors to:
receive an instruction to operate at a second frequency using a second signal associated with the second frequency;
determine a radiating element of a plurality of radiating elements in which to filter the second signal from being transmitted; and
adjust a cut-off frequency threshold of an FRC associated with the radiating element of the plurality of radiating elements, wherein adjusting a cut-off frequency threshold of the FRC causes an aperture value associated with the antenna system to remain within a threshold value when operating at the second frequency. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the antenna system comprises at least one of a linear array or a two-dimensional planar array. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein at least one of the first FRC or the second FRC comprise a low pass filter. | 2,800 |
346,483 | 16,804,898 | 2,856 | Methods and systems for artificially intelligent security incident and event management using an attention-based deep neural network and transfer learning are disclosed. A method includes: collecting, by a computing device, system and network activity events in bulk; forming, by the computing device, a corpus using the collected system and network activity events; correlating, by the computing device, discrete events of the system and network activity events into offenses; adding, by the computing device, additional features to the corpus representing the offenses and disposition decisions regarding the offenses; training, by the computing device, a deep neural network using the corpus; and tuning, by the computing device, the deep neural network for a monitored computing environment using transfer learning. | 1. A method comprising:
collecting, by a computing device, system and network activity events in bulk; forming, by the computing device, a corpus using the collected system and network activity events; correlating, by the computing device, discrete events of the system and network activity events into offenses; adding, by the computing device, additional features to the corpus representing the offenses and disposition decisions regarding the offenses; training, by the computing device, a deep neural network using the corpus; and tuning, by the computing device, the deep neural network for a monitored computing environment using transfer learning. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the system and network activity events are collected from the monitored computing environment. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising prioritizing, by the computing device, the offenses and adding metadata to the corpus regarding the prioritized offenses. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the training the deep neural network comprises using self-supervision. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
dropping, by the computing device, a portion of the system and network activity events from the corpus; predicting, by the computing device, the portion of the system and network activity events that was dropped; and determining, by the computing device, an accuracy of the portion of the system and network activity events that was predicted. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the training the deep neural network comprises using unsupervised learning including dimensionality reduction. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising the computing device using an autoencoder head to train the deep neural network. 8. A computer program product comprising:
one or more computer readable storage media, and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions comprising: program instructions to fit a trained deep neural network with a predictive generator head; program instructions to predict future system and network activity events using the trained deep neural network fitted with the predictive generator head; program instructions to fit the trained deep neural network with a classifier head; and program instructions to classify the predicted future system and network activity events using the trained deep neural network fitted with the classifier head. 9. The computer program product according to claim 8, further comprising:
program instructions to collect real-time system and network activity events; and program instructions to classify the collected real-time system and network activity events using the trained deep neural network fitted with the classifier head. 10. The computer program product according to claim 9, further comprising program instructions to refine the predictive generator head based on differences between the collected real-time system and network activity events and the predicted future system and network activity events. 11. The computer program product according to claim 9, wherein the real-time system and network activity events are collected from a monitored computing environment. 12. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein the predictive generator head is trained using self-supervision. 13. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein the predictive generator head is trained using unsupervised learning. 14. A system comprising:
a hardware processor, a computer readable memory, and one or more computer readable storage media associated with a computing device, wherein the computing device is a dispersed storage (DS) processing unit; program instructions to collect system and network activity events in bulk; program instructions to form a corpus using the collected system and network activity events; program instructions to correlate discrete events of the system and network activity events into offenses; program instructions to add additional features to the corpus representing the offenses and disposition decisions regarding the offenses; program instructions to train a deep neural network using the corpus; and program instructions to tune the deep neural network for a monitored computing environment using transfer learning, wherein the program instructions are collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media for execution by the hardware processor via the computer readable memory. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the system and network activity events are collected from the monitored computing environment. 16. The system according to claim 14, further comprising program instructions to prioritize the offenses and adding metadata to the corpus regarding the prioritized offenses. 17. The system according to claim 14, wherein the training the deep neural network comprises using self-supervision. 18. The system according to claim 17, further comprising:
program instructions to drop a portion of the system and network activity events from the corpus; program instructions to predict the portion of the system and network activity events that was dropped; and program instructions to determine an accuracy of the portion of the system and network activity events that was predicted. 19. The system according to claim 14, wherein the training the deep neural network comprises using unsupervised learning including dimensionality reduction. 20. The system according to claim 19, further comprising program instructions to use an autoencoder head to train the deep neural network. | Methods and systems for artificially intelligent security incident and event management using an attention-based deep neural network and transfer learning are disclosed. A method includes: collecting, by a computing device, system and network activity events in bulk; forming, by the computing device, a corpus using the collected system and network activity events; correlating, by the computing device, discrete events of the system and network activity events into offenses; adding, by the computing device, additional features to the corpus representing the offenses and disposition decisions regarding the offenses; training, by the computing device, a deep neural network using the corpus; and tuning, by the computing device, the deep neural network for a monitored computing environment using transfer learning.1. A method comprising:
collecting, by a computing device, system and network activity events in bulk; forming, by the computing device, a corpus using the collected system and network activity events; correlating, by the computing device, discrete events of the system and network activity events into offenses; adding, by the computing device, additional features to the corpus representing the offenses and disposition decisions regarding the offenses; training, by the computing device, a deep neural network using the corpus; and tuning, by the computing device, the deep neural network for a monitored computing environment using transfer learning. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the system and network activity events are collected from the monitored computing environment. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising prioritizing, by the computing device, the offenses and adding metadata to the corpus regarding the prioritized offenses. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the training the deep neural network comprises using self-supervision. 5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
dropping, by the computing device, a portion of the system and network activity events from the corpus; predicting, by the computing device, the portion of the system and network activity events that was dropped; and determining, by the computing device, an accuracy of the portion of the system and network activity events that was predicted. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the training the deep neural network comprises using unsupervised learning including dimensionality reduction. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising the computing device using an autoencoder head to train the deep neural network. 8. A computer program product comprising:
one or more computer readable storage media, and program instructions collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media, the program instructions comprising: program instructions to fit a trained deep neural network with a predictive generator head; program instructions to predict future system and network activity events using the trained deep neural network fitted with the predictive generator head; program instructions to fit the trained deep neural network with a classifier head; and program instructions to classify the predicted future system and network activity events using the trained deep neural network fitted with the classifier head. 9. The computer program product according to claim 8, further comprising:
program instructions to collect real-time system and network activity events; and program instructions to classify the collected real-time system and network activity events using the trained deep neural network fitted with the classifier head. 10. The computer program product according to claim 9, further comprising program instructions to refine the predictive generator head based on differences between the collected real-time system and network activity events and the predicted future system and network activity events. 11. The computer program product according to claim 9, wherein the real-time system and network activity events are collected from a monitored computing environment. 12. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein the predictive generator head is trained using self-supervision. 13. The computer program product according to claim 8, wherein the predictive generator head is trained using unsupervised learning. 14. A system comprising:
a hardware processor, a computer readable memory, and one or more computer readable storage media associated with a computing device, wherein the computing device is a dispersed storage (DS) processing unit; program instructions to collect system and network activity events in bulk; program instructions to form a corpus using the collected system and network activity events; program instructions to correlate discrete events of the system and network activity events into offenses; program instructions to add additional features to the corpus representing the offenses and disposition decisions regarding the offenses; program instructions to train a deep neural network using the corpus; and program instructions to tune the deep neural network for a monitored computing environment using transfer learning, wherein the program instructions are collectively stored on the one or more computer readable storage media for execution by the hardware processor via the computer readable memory. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the system and network activity events are collected from the monitored computing environment. 16. The system according to claim 14, further comprising program instructions to prioritize the offenses and adding metadata to the corpus regarding the prioritized offenses. 17. The system according to claim 14, wherein the training the deep neural network comprises using self-supervision. 18. The system according to claim 17, further comprising:
program instructions to drop a portion of the system and network activity events from the corpus; program instructions to predict the portion of the system and network activity events that was dropped; and program instructions to determine an accuracy of the portion of the system and network activity events that was predicted. 19. The system according to claim 14, wherein the training the deep neural network comprises using unsupervised learning including dimensionality reduction. 20. The system according to claim 19, further comprising program instructions to use an autoencoder head to train the deep neural network. | 2,800 |
346,484 | 16,804,954 | 2,856 | A sensor for obtaining downhole data includes a first piezoelectric layer. The sensor also includes a second piezoelectric layer having a trench extending a depth below a surface of the second piezoelectric layer. The sensor also includes an electrode positioned within the trench. The first piezoelectric layer is directly coupled to the second piezoelectric layer. | 1. An apparatus for obtaining downhole data, comprising:
a first piezoelectric layer; a second piezoelectric layer having at least one trench extending a depth below a surface of the second piezoelectric layer; and an electrode positioned within the at least one trench; wherein the first piezoelectric layer is directly coupled to the second piezoelectric layer. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a gap between the electrode and the first piezoelectric layer. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a connector at an end of the second piezoelectric layer, the connector formed by an exposed portion of the second piezoelectric layer, wherein a first length of the first piezoelectric layer is less than a second length of the second piezoelectric layer. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the electrode is exposed at the connector. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the trench depth is greater than an electrode height. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the trench depth is substantially equal to an electrode height. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein piezoelectric material forming the first piezoelectric layer and the second piezoelectric layer is the same, the respective piezoelectric materials being at least one of Lithium Niobate, Gallium Phosphate, or lead zirconate titanate (PZT). 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the direct coupling between the first piezoelectric layer and the second piezoelectric layer is absent an intermediate bonding layer. 9. A system for obtaining data in a downhole environment, comprising:
a segment forming at least a portion of a downhole tool, the downhole tool being conveyable into a wellbore; a tuning fork configured to evaluate at least one of viscosity or fluid density, comprising:
a first layer;
a second layer directly coupled to the first layer;
an electrode positioned within the second layer; and
a connector arranged at an end of the second layer. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the connector includes an exposed area, not covered by the first layer, the exposed area providing access to the electrode. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein both the first layer and the second layer are formed from a piezoelectric material. 12. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
a gap formed between the electrode and the first layer. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the electrode is positioned within at least one trench formed in the second layer. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein an electrode height is one of less than a trench depth or equal to trench depth. 15. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
a data collection system secured to the connector, the data collection system electrically coupling to the electrode via the connector. 16. A method for forming a data collection component, comprising:
providing a second layer, the second layer being formed from a piezoelectric material; forming at least one trench in the second layer, the at least one trench extending below a surface of the second layer; filling at least a portion of the at least one trench with an electrode; preparing the surface of the second layer to a roughness below a threshold value; and bonding a first layer, formed from the piezoelectric material, directly to at least a portion of the second layer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein bonding the first layer directly to at least the portion of the second layer is performed absent an intermediate bonding layer. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein a first layer length is less than a second layer length, further comprising:
forming a connector at an exposed area of the second layer, the exposed area being uncovered by the first layer. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the piezoelectric material is at least one of Lithium Niobate, Gallium Phosphate, or lead zirconate titanate (PZT). 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
forming a gap between the electrode and the first layer. | A sensor for obtaining downhole data includes a first piezoelectric layer. The sensor also includes a second piezoelectric layer having a trench extending a depth below a surface of the second piezoelectric layer. The sensor also includes an electrode positioned within the trench. The first piezoelectric layer is directly coupled to the second piezoelectric layer.1. An apparatus for obtaining downhole data, comprising:
a first piezoelectric layer; a second piezoelectric layer having at least one trench extending a depth below a surface of the second piezoelectric layer; and an electrode positioned within the at least one trench; wherein the first piezoelectric layer is directly coupled to the second piezoelectric layer. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a gap between the electrode and the first piezoelectric layer. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a connector at an end of the second piezoelectric layer, the connector formed by an exposed portion of the second piezoelectric layer, wherein a first length of the first piezoelectric layer is less than a second length of the second piezoelectric layer. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the electrode is exposed at the connector. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the trench depth is greater than an electrode height. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the trench depth is substantially equal to an electrode height. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein piezoelectric material forming the first piezoelectric layer and the second piezoelectric layer is the same, the respective piezoelectric materials being at least one of Lithium Niobate, Gallium Phosphate, or lead zirconate titanate (PZT). 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the direct coupling between the first piezoelectric layer and the second piezoelectric layer is absent an intermediate bonding layer. 9. A system for obtaining data in a downhole environment, comprising:
a segment forming at least a portion of a downhole tool, the downhole tool being conveyable into a wellbore; a tuning fork configured to evaluate at least one of viscosity or fluid density, comprising:
a first layer;
a second layer directly coupled to the first layer;
an electrode positioned within the second layer; and
a connector arranged at an end of the second layer. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the connector includes an exposed area, not covered by the first layer, the exposed area providing access to the electrode. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein both the first layer and the second layer are formed from a piezoelectric material. 12. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
a gap formed between the electrode and the first layer. 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the electrode is positioned within at least one trench formed in the second layer. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein an electrode height is one of less than a trench depth or equal to trench depth. 15. The system of claim 9, further comprising:
a data collection system secured to the connector, the data collection system electrically coupling to the electrode via the connector. 16. A method for forming a data collection component, comprising:
providing a second layer, the second layer being formed from a piezoelectric material; forming at least one trench in the second layer, the at least one trench extending below a surface of the second layer; filling at least a portion of the at least one trench with an electrode; preparing the surface of the second layer to a roughness below a threshold value; and bonding a first layer, formed from the piezoelectric material, directly to at least a portion of the second layer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein bonding the first layer directly to at least the portion of the second layer is performed absent an intermediate bonding layer. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein a first layer length is less than a second layer length, further comprising:
forming a connector at an exposed area of the second layer, the exposed area being uncovered by the first layer. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the piezoelectric material is at least one of Lithium Niobate, Gallium Phosphate, or lead zirconate titanate (PZT). 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
forming a gap between the electrode and the first layer. | 2,800 |
346,485 | 16,804,956 | 2,827 | A semiconductor storage device includes a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of bit lines connected thereto, a plurality of sense amplifier units respectively connected to the plurality of bit lines, and a cache memory connected to the plurality of sense amplifier units. Each sense amplifier unit includes a sense node and a latch in which data transferred onto the sense node from a corresponding bit line is latched. First data latched in a first sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units is transferred to the cache memory, and second data latched in a second sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units is transferred to the sense node of the first second sense amplifier unit. Thereafter, the second data is latched in the first sense amplifier unit and transferred to the cache memory. | 1. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of bit lines connected to the plurality of memory cells; a plurality of sense amplifier units that are respectively connected to the plurality of bit lines and that each include a first transistor connected to one of the bit lines, a second transistor connected to the first transistor via a first wiring, a sense transistor including a gate electrode connected to the second transistor via a second wiring, a third wiring connected to the sense transistor, a first latch circuit connected to the third wiring, and a voltage transfer circuit configured to conduct the first wiring to a first voltage supply line or a second voltage supply line according to a value latched by the first latch circuit; a fourth wiring commonly connected to the third wirings of the plurality of sense amplifier units; a cache memory including a fifth wiring connected to the fourth wiring and a plurality of second latch circuits connected to the fifth wiring; a third transistor connected to the first wiring of a first sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units and the fifth wiring of the cache memory; and a fourth transistor connected to the first wiring of a second sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units and the second wiring of the first sense amplifier unit. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, comprising:
a fifth transistor connected to the first wiring of the first sense amplifier unit and the fifth wiring of the cache memory; and a sixth transistor connected to the first wiring of the second sense amplifier unit and the second wiring of the first sense amplifier unit, wherein one of the third transistor and the fifth transistor is an NMOS transistor and the other is a PMOS transistor, and one of the fourth transistor and the sixth transistor is an NMOS transistor, and the other is a PMOS transistor. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, comprising:
M sense amplifier units arranged in order along a first direction (M is an integer of 2 or more), from the first sense amplifier unit to the M-th sense amplifier unit; and M−1 fourth transistors each connected to the first wiring of a K-th (K is an integer of one or more and M−1 or less) sense amplifier unit and the second wiring of a K+1-th sense amplifier unit. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, comprising:
a plurality of sense amplifier modules each including the plurality of sense amplifier units arranged along a first direction, wherein the sense amplifier modules are arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a seventh transistor connected to the first wiring of one of the sense amplifier units in a first sense amplifier module of the plurality of sense amplifier modules and the second wiring of one of the sense amplifier units in a second sense amplifier module of the plurality of sense amplifier modules; and an eighth transistor connected to the first wiring of one of the sense amplifier units in the second sense amplifier module and the second wiring of one of the sense amplifier units in the first sense amplifier module. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, comprising:
a ninth transistor connected to the first wiring of a third sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units and the second wiring of the second sense amplifier unit; and a tenth transistor connected to the first wiring of the first sense amplifier unit and the second wiring of a fourth sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units; and an eleventh transistor connected to the first wiring of the fourth sense amplifier unit and the second wiring of a fifth sense amplifier unit of the plurality of sense amplifier units. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 5, wherein
the plurality of sense amplifier units are arranged in a first direction, wherein the second sense amplifier unit is farther from the cache memory than the first sense amplifier unit, the third sense amplifier unit is farther from the cache memory than the second sense amplifier unit, the fourth sense amplifier unit is between the first sense amplifier unit and the second sense amplifier unit, and the fifth sense amplifier unit is between the second sense amplifier unit and the third sense amplifier unit. 7. A method of transferring data from a plurality of sense amplifier units of a semiconductor storage device to a cache memory of the semiconductor storage device, wherein the plurality of sense amplifier units, including first and second sense amplifier units, are arranged along a first direction at increasing distances away from the cache memory, comprising:
transferring first data from a first bit line onto a first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit and second data from a second bit line onto a second sense node of the second sense amplifier unit; latching the first data in a first latch of the first sense amplifier unit and the second data in a second latch of the second sense amplifier unit; transferring the first data from the first sense amplifier unit to the cache memory; and transferring the second data from the second sense amplifier unit onto the first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first sense amplifier unit is closest to the cache memory and the second sense amplifier unit is next closest to the cache memory. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first sense amplifier unit is closest to the cache memory and another of the sense amplifier units is between the first and second sense amplifier units. 10. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
after transferring the second data from the second sense amplifier unit onto the first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit, latching the second data in the first latch of the first sense amplifier unit, and transferring the second data from the first sense amplifier unit to the cache memory. 11. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
transferring the first data from the first sense amplifier unit to a third sense node of a third sense amplifier unit, which is another one of the sense amplifier units; and latching the first data in a third latch of the third sense amplifier unit. 12. The method according to claim 7, wherein
after the data of all of the sense amplifier units have been transferred to the cache memory, neither the first data nor the second data is preserved in any of the sense amplifier units. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein
after the data of all of the sense amplifier units have been transferred to the cache memory, each of the first data and the second data is preserved in one of the sense amplifier units. 14. A method of transferring data from a plurality of sense amplifier units of a semiconductor storage device to a cache memory of the semiconductor storage device, wherein the plurality of sense amplifier units include first and second sense amplifier units that are in a first group of the sense amplifier units that are arranged along a first direction at increasing distances away from the cache memory and third and fourth sense amplifier units that are in a second group of the sense amplifier units that are arranged along the first direction at increasing distances away from the cache memory, comprising:
transferring first data from a first bit line onto a first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit, second data from a second bit line onto a second sense node of the second sense amplifier unit, third data from a third bit line onto a third sense node of the third sense amplifier unit, and fourth data from a fourth bit line onto a fourth sense node of the fourth sense amplifier unit; latching the first, second, third, and fourth data in a first latch of the first sense amplifier unit, a second latch of the second sense amplifier unit, a third latch of the third sense amplifier unit, and a fourth latch of the fourth sense amplifier unit, respectively; and transferring the first data from the first sense amplifier unit to the cache memory and the third sense node of the third sense amplifier unit, while transferring the second data from the second sense amplifier unit to the first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit and the third data from the third sense amplifier unit to the fourth sense node of the fourth sense amplifier unit. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein
among the first group of sense amplifier units, the first sense amplifier unit is closest to the cache memory and the second sense amplifier unit is next closest to the cache memory, and among the second group of sense amplifier units, the third sense amplifier unit is closest to the cache memory and the fourth sense amplifier unit is next closest to the cache memory. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein
the first group of sense amplifier units include a fifth sense amplifier unit and the second group of sense amplifier units include a sixth sense amplifier unit, and while the first data is transferred from the first sense amplifier unit to the cache memory and the third sense node of the third sense amplifier unit, data is transferred from the sixth sense amplifier unit to a sense node of the fifth sense amplifier unit. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the fifth sense amplifier unit is farthest from the cache memory among the first group of sense amplifier units, and the sixth sense amplifier unit is farthest from the cache memory among the second group of sense amplifier units. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
after transferring the second data from the second sense amplifier unit onto the first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit, latching the second data in the first latch of the first sense amplifier unit, and transferring the second data from the first sense amplifier unit to the cache memory and the third sense node of the third sense amplifier unit. 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein
the cache memory includes a first group of latch circuits in which the data of the sense amplifier units in the first group are latched and a second group of latch circuits in which the data of the sense amplifier units in the second group are latched. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
after all data of the sense amplifier units in the first group are latched in the first group of latch circuits, operating a switch so that data is transferred from the first sense amplifier to the second group of latch circuits instead of the first group of latch circuits. | A semiconductor storage device includes a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of bit lines connected thereto, a plurality of sense amplifier units respectively connected to the plurality of bit lines, and a cache memory connected to the plurality of sense amplifier units. Each sense amplifier unit includes a sense node and a latch in which data transferred onto the sense node from a corresponding bit line is latched. First data latched in a first sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units is transferred to the cache memory, and second data latched in a second sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units is transferred to the sense node of the first second sense amplifier unit. Thereafter, the second data is latched in the first sense amplifier unit and transferred to the cache memory.1. A semiconductor storage device, comprising:
a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells and a plurality of bit lines connected to the plurality of memory cells; a plurality of sense amplifier units that are respectively connected to the plurality of bit lines and that each include a first transistor connected to one of the bit lines, a second transistor connected to the first transistor via a first wiring, a sense transistor including a gate electrode connected to the second transistor via a second wiring, a third wiring connected to the sense transistor, a first latch circuit connected to the third wiring, and a voltage transfer circuit configured to conduct the first wiring to a first voltage supply line or a second voltage supply line according to a value latched by the first latch circuit; a fourth wiring commonly connected to the third wirings of the plurality of sense amplifier units; a cache memory including a fifth wiring connected to the fourth wiring and a plurality of second latch circuits connected to the fifth wiring; a third transistor connected to the first wiring of a first sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units and the fifth wiring of the cache memory; and a fourth transistor connected to the first wiring of a second sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units and the second wiring of the first sense amplifier unit. 2. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, comprising:
a fifth transistor connected to the first wiring of the first sense amplifier unit and the fifth wiring of the cache memory; and a sixth transistor connected to the first wiring of the second sense amplifier unit and the second wiring of the first sense amplifier unit, wherein one of the third transistor and the fifth transistor is an NMOS transistor and the other is a PMOS transistor, and one of the fourth transistor and the sixth transistor is an NMOS transistor, and the other is a PMOS transistor. 3. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, comprising:
M sense amplifier units arranged in order along a first direction (M is an integer of 2 or more), from the first sense amplifier unit to the M-th sense amplifier unit; and M−1 fourth transistors each connected to the first wiring of a K-th (K is an integer of one or more and M−1 or less) sense amplifier unit and the second wiring of a K+1-th sense amplifier unit. 4. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, comprising:
a plurality of sense amplifier modules each including the plurality of sense amplifier units arranged along a first direction, wherein the sense amplifier modules are arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction; a seventh transistor connected to the first wiring of one of the sense amplifier units in a first sense amplifier module of the plurality of sense amplifier modules and the second wiring of one of the sense amplifier units in a second sense amplifier module of the plurality of sense amplifier modules; and an eighth transistor connected to the first wiring of one of the sense amplifier units in the second sense amplifier module and the second wiring of one of the sense amplifier units in the first sense amplifier module. 5. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 1, comprising:
a ninth transistor connected to the first wiring of a third sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units and the second wiring of the second sense amplifier unit; and a tenth transistor connected to the first wiring of the first sense amplifier unit and the second wiring of a fourth sense amplifier unit among the plurality of sense amplifier units; and an eleventh transistor connected to the first wiring of the fourth sense amplifier unit and the second wiring of a fifth sense amplifier unit of the plurality of sense amplifier units. 6. The semiconductor storage device according to claim 5, wherein
the plurality of sense amplifier units are arranged in a first direction, wherein the second sense amplifier unit is farther from the cache memory than the first sense amplifier unit, the third sense amplifier unit is farther from the cache memory than the second sense amplifier unit, the fourth sense amplifier unit is between the first sense amplifier unit and the second sense amplifier unit, and the fifth sense amplifier unit is between the second sense amplifier unit and the third sense amplifier unit. 7. A method of transferring data from a plurality of sense amplifier units of a semiconductor storage device to a cache memory of the semiconductor storage device, wherein the plurality of sense amplifier units, including first and second sense amplifier units, are arranged along a first direction at increasing distances away from the cache memory, comprising:
transferring first data from a first bit line onto a first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit and second data from a second bit line onto a second sense node of the second sense amplifier unit; latching the first data in a first latch of the first sense amplifier unit and the second data in a second latch of the second sense amplifier unit; transferring the first data from the first sense amplifier unit to the cache memory; and transferring the second data from the second sense amplifier unit onto the first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first sense amplifier unit is closest to the cache memory and the second sense amplifier unit is next closest to the cache memory. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first sense amplifier unit is closest to the cache memory and another of the sense amplifier units is between the first and second sense amplifier units. 10. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
after transferring the second data from the second sense amplifier unit onto the first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit, latching the second data in the first latch of the first sense amplifier unit, and transferring the second data from the first sense amplifier unit to the cache memory. 11. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:
transferring the first data from the first sense amplifier unit to a third sense node of a third sense amplifier unit, which is another one of the sense amplifier units; and latching the first data in a third latch of the third sense amplifier unit. 12. The method according to claim 7, wherein
after the data of all of the sense amplifier units have been transferred to the cache memory, neither the first data nor the second data is preserved in any of the sense amplifier units. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein
after the data of all of the sense amplifier units have been transferred to the cache memory, each of the first data and the second data is preserved in one of the sense amplifier units. 14. A method of transferring data from a plurality of sense amplifier units of a semiconductor storage device to a cache memory of the semiconductor storage device, wherein the plurality of sense amplifier units include first and second sense amplifier units that are in a first group of the sense amplifier units that are arranged along a first direction at increasing distances away from the cache memory and third and fourth sense amplifier units that are in a second group of the sense amplifier units that are arranged along the first direction at increasing distances away from the cache memory, comprising:
transferring first data from a first bit line onto a first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit, second data from a second bit line onto a second sense node of the second sense amplifier unit, third data from a third bit line onto a third sense node of the third sense amplifier unit, and fourth data from a fourth bit line onto a fourth sense node of the fourth sense amplifier unit; latching the first, second, third, and fourth data in a first latch of the first sense amplifier unit, a second latch of the second sense amplifier unit, a third latch of the third sense amplifier unit, and a fourth latch of the fourth sense amplifier unit, respectively; and transferring the first data from the first sense amplifier unit to the cache memory and the third sense node of the third sense amplifier unit, while transferring the second data from the second sense amplifier unit to the first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit and the third data from the third sense amplifier unit to the fourth sense node of the fourth sense amplifier unit. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein
among the first group of sense amplifier units, the first sense amplifier unit is closest to the cache memory and the second sense amplifier unit is next closest to the cache memory, and among the second group of sense amplifier units, the third sense amplifier unit is closest to the cache memory and the fourth sense amplifier unit is next closest to the cache memory. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein
the first group of sense amplifier units include a fifth sense amplifier unit and the second group of sense amplifier units include a sixth sense amplifier unit, and while the first data is transferred from the first sense amplifier unit to the cache memory and the third sense node of the third sense amplifier unit, data is transferred from the sixth sense amplifier unit to a sense node of the fifth sense amplifier unit. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein
the fifth sense amplifier unit is farthest from the cache memory among the first group of sense amplifier units, and the sixth sense amplifier unit is farthest from the cache memory among the second group of sense amplifier units. 18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
after transferring the second data from the second sense amplifier unit onto the first sense node of the first sense amplifier unit, latching the second data in the first latch of the first sense amplifier unit, and transferring the second data from the first sense amplifier unit to the cache memory and the third sense node of the third sense amplifier unit. 19. The method according to claim 14, wherein
the cache memory includes a first group of latch circuits in which the data of the sense amplifier units in the first group are latched and a second group of latch circuits in which the data of the sense amplifier units in the second group are latched. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
after all data of the sense amplifier units in the first group are latched in the first group of latch circuits, operating a switch so that data is transferred from the first sense amplifier to the second group of latch circuits instead of the first group of latch circuits. | 2,800 |
346,486 | 16,804,939 | 2,827 | A substrate processing method includes etching a target film formed on a substrate through an opening of a mask formed on the target film with plasma generated from a mixed gas obtained by adding a gas having a carbonyl bond to a halogen-containing gas. The target film contains silicon and the mask is formed of a transition metal. | 1. A substrate processing method comprising:
etching a target film formed on a substrate through an opening of a mask formed on the target film with plasma generated from a mixed gas obtained by adding a gas having a carbonyl bond to a halogen-containing gas, the target film containing silicon, and the mask being formed of a transition metal. 2. The substrate processing method according to claim 1, further comprising:
cooling the substrate to a predetermined temperature or lower before the etching. 3. The substrate processing method according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined temperature is lower than a temperature represented by a vapor pressure curve of a carbon monoxide complex of the transition metal with respect to a set pressure value in the etching. 4. The substrate processing method according to claim 1, wherein the gas having a carbonyl bond is at least one of CO, CO2, COS, COF, COF2, acetone (CH3COCH3), methane ethane ketone (CH3COC2H5), or acetic acid. 5. The substrate processing method according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal is tungsten, nickel, or chromium. 6. The substrate processing method according to claim 1, wherein the halogen-containing gas contains hydrogen. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein an adhering amount of a reaction product containing the transition metal and adhering to a side wall of the opening in the mask is controlled by increasing or decreasing an addition ratio of the gas having a carbonyl bond with respect to a total flow rate of the mixed gas. 8. A substrate processing method comprising:
treating a target film formed on a substrate with plasma generated by a gas having a carbonyl bond, wherein the target film contains silicon, and a mask made of a transition metal and having an opening is formed on the target film; and etching the target film formed on the substrate with plasma generated by a halogen-containing gas. 9. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein the treating and the etching are performed in a same step. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the treating and the etching are performed alternately a predetermined number of times. 11. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, further comprising:
cooling the substrate to a predetermined temperature or lower before the treating and the etching. 12. The substrate processing method according to claim 11, wherein the predetermined temperature is lower than a temperature represented by a vapor pressure curve of a carbon monoxide complex of the transition metal with respect to a set pressure value in the treating. 13. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein, in the etching, the target film is etched through the opening of the mask. 14. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein, in the treating, a surface of at least one of the transition metal included in a reaction product generated in the etching and the transition metal included in the mask is carbonylated into a carbon monoxide complex of the transition metal. 15. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein the gas having a carbonyl bond is at least one of CO, CO2, COS, COF, COF2, acetone (CH3COCH3), methane ethane ketone (CH3COC2H5), or acetic acid. 16. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein the transition metal is tungsten, nickel, or chromium. 17. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein, in the treating, a radio-frequency power for plasma generation is applied to a stage on which the substrate is disposed, and
in the etching, a radio-frequency power for plasma generation and a radio-frequency power for ion attraction are applied to the stage. 18. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein the halogen-containing gas contains hydrogen. 19. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein, during the etching, a reaction product containing silicon is generated. 20. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a controller that controls a processing of a substrate including a mask formed of a transition metal and having an opening, and a target film to be etched containing silicon formed below the mask, wherein the controller is configured to control a process including: treating the substrate with plasma generated by a gas having a carbonyl bond; and etching the substrate with plasma generated by a halogen-containing gas. | A substrate processing method includes etching a target film formed on a substrate through an opening of a mask formed on the target film with plasma generated from a mixed gas obtained by adding a gas having a carbonyl bond to a halogen-containing gas. The target film contains silicon and the mask is formed of a transition metal.1. A substrate processing method comprising:
etching a target film formed on a substrate through an opening of a mask formed on the target film with plasma generated from a mixed gas obtained by adding a gas having a carbonyl bond to a halogen-containing gas, the target film containing silicon, and the mask being formed of a transition metal. 2. The substrate processing method according to claim 1, further comprising:
cooling the substrate to a predetermined temperature or lower before the etching. 3. The substrate processing method according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined temperature is lower than a temperature represented by a vapor pressure curve of a carbon monoxide complex of the transition metal with respect to a set pressure value in the etching. 4. The substrate processing method according to claim 1, wherein the gas having a carbonyl bond is at least one of CO, CO2, COS, COF, COF2, acetone (CH3COCH3), methane ethane ketone (CH3COC2H5), or acetic acid. 5. The substrate processing method according to claim 1, wherein the transition metal is tungsten, nickel, or chromium. 6. The substrate processing method according to claim 1, wherein the halogen-containing gas contains hydrogen. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein an adhering amount of a reaction product containing the transition metal and adhering to a side wall of the opening in the mask is controlled by increasing or decreasing an addition ratio of the gas having a carbonyl bond with respect to a total flow rate of the mixed gas. 8. A substrate processing method comprising:
treating a target film formed on a substrate with plasma generated by a gas having a carbonyl bond, wherein the target film contains silicon, and a mask made of a transition metal and having an opening is formed on the target film; and etching the target film formed on the substrate with plasma generated by a halogen-containing gas. 9. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein the treating and the etching are performed in a same step. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the treating and the etching are performed alternately a predetermined number of times. 11. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, further comprising:
cooling the substrate to a predetermined temperature or lower before the treating and the etching. 12. The substrate processing method according to claim 11, wherein the predetermined temperature is lower than a temperature represented by a vapor pressure curve of a carbon monoxide complex of the transition metal with respect to a set pressure value in the treating. 13. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein, in the etching, the target film is etched through the opening of the mask. 14. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein, in the treating, a surface of at least one of the transition metal included in a reaction product generated in the etching and the transition metal included in the mask is carbonylated into a carbon monoxide complex of the transition metal. 15. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein the gas having a carbonyl bond is at least one of CO, CO2, COS, COF, COF2, acetone (CH3COCH3), methane ethane ketone (CH3COC2H5), or acetic acid. 16. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein the transition metal is tungsten, nickel, or chromium. 17. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein, in the treating, a radio-frequency power for plasma generation is applied to a stage on which the substrate is disposed, and
in the etching, a radio-frequency power for plasma generation and a radio-frequency power for ion attraction are applied to the stage. 18. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein the halogen-containing gas contains hydrogen. 19. The substrate processing method according to claim 8, wherein, during the etching, a reaction product containing silicon is generated. 20. A substrate processing apparatus comprising:
a controller that controls a processing of a substrate including a mask formed of a transition metal and having an opening, and a target film to be etched containing silicon formed below the mask, wherein the controller is configured to control a process including: treating the substrate with plasma generated by a gas having a carbonyl bond; and etching the substrate with plasma generated by a halogen-containing gas. | 2,800 |
346,487 | 16,804,918 | 2,827 | System controller and method for a lighting system according to certain embodiments. For example, the system controller includes a first controller terminal configured to receive a first signal, and a second controller terminal coupled to a first transistor terminal of a transistor. The transistor further includes a second transistor terminal and a third transistor terminal. The second transistor terminal is coupled to a first winding terminal of a winding, and the winding further includes a second winding terminal coupled to a capacitor. Additionally, the system controller includes a third controller terminal coupled to the third transistor terminal of the transistor, and a fourth controller terminal coupled to a resistor and configured to receive a second signal. The second signal represents a magnitude of a current flowing through at least the winding, the third controller terminal, the fourth controller terminal, and the resistor. | 1.-13. (canceled) 14.-37. (canceled) 38. A system controller for a lighting system, the system controller comprising:
a first controller terminal configured to receive a first signal; a second controller terminal coupled to a first transistor terminal of a transistor, the transistor further including a second transistor terminal and a third transistor terminal, the second transistor terminal being coupled to a first winding terminal of a winding, the winding further including a second winding terminal coupled to a capacitor; a third controller terminal coupled to the third transistor terminal of the transistor; and a fourth controller terminal coupled to a resistor and configured to receive a second signal, the second signal representing a magnitude of a current flowing through at least the winding, the third controller terminal, the fourth controller terminal, and the resistor; wherein the system controller is configured to determine whether or not a TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system, whether the TRIAC dimmer is a leading-edge TRIAC dimmer or a trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer; wherein the system controller is further configured to, if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer:
in response to the first signal becoming larger than a first threshold in magnitude at a first time, cause the second signal to ramp up and down during a first duration of time, the first duration of time starting at the first time and ending at a second time; and
in response to the first signal becoming smaller than a second threshold in magnitude at a third time, cause the second signal to ramp up and down during a second duration of time, the second duration of time starting at the third time and ending at a fourth time;
wherein the system controller is further configured to, if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer:
in response to the first signal becoming larger than the first threshold in magnitude at a fifth time, cause the second signal to ramp up and down during a duration of time, the duration of time starting at a sixth time and ending at a seventh time, the seventh time being a time when the first signal becomes smaller than the second threshold in magnitude. 39. The system controller of claim 38 is further configured to, if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer, cause the second signal to remain equal to a constant magnitude from the second time to the third time. 40. The system controller of claim 38 is further configured to, if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer, cause the second signal to remain equal to a constant magnitude from the fifth time to the sixth time. 41.-46. (canceled) 47.-70. (canceled) 71. A method for a lighting system, the method comprising:
receiving a first signal; receiving a second signal, the second signal representing a magnitude of a current flowing through at least a winding; determining whether or not a TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system, whether the TRIAC dimmer is a leading-edge TRIAC dimmer or a trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer; if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer,
in response to the first signal becoming larger than a first threshold in magnitude at a first time, causing the second signal to ramp up and down during a first duration of time, the first duration of time starting at the first time and ending at a second time; and
in response to the first signal becoming smaller than a second threshold in magnitude at a third time, causing the second signal to ramp up and down during a second duration of time, the second duration of time starting at the third time and ending at a fourth time; and
if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer,
in response to the first signal becoming larger than the first threshold in magnitude at a fifth time, causing the second signal to ramp up and down during a duration of time, the duration of time starting at a sixth time and ending at a seventh time, the seventh time being a time when the first signal becomes smaller than the second threshold in magnitude. 72. The method of claim 71, and further comprising: if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer, causing the second signal to remain equal to a constant magnitude from the second time to the third time. 73. The method of claim 71, and further comprising: if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer, causing the second signal to remain equal to a constant magnitude from the fifth time to the sixth time. | System controller and method for a lighting system according to certain embodiments. For example, the system controller includes a first controller terminal configured to receive a first signal, and a second controller terminal coupled to a first transistor terminal of a transistor. The transistor further includes a second transistor terminal and a third transistor terminal. The second transistor terminal is coupled to a first winding terminal of a winding, and the winding further includes a second winding terminal coupled to a capacitor. Additionally, the system controller includes a third controller terminal coupled to the third transistor terminal of the transistor, and a fourth controller terminal coupled to a resistor and configured to receive a second signal. The second signal represents a magnitude of a current flowing through at least the winding, the third controller terminal, the fourth controller terminal, and the resistor.1.-13. (canceled) 14.-37. (canceled) 38. A system controller for a lighting system, the system controller comprising:
a first controller terminal configured to receive a first signal; a second controller terminal coupled to a first transistor terminal of a transistor, the transistor further including a second transistor terminal and a third transistor terminal, the second transistor terminal being coupled to a first winding terminal of a winding, the winding further including a second winding terminal coupled to a capacitor; a third controller terminal coupled to the third transistor terminal of the transistor; and a fourth controller terminal coupled to a resistor and configured to receive a second signal, the second signal representing a magnitude of a current flowing through at least the winding, the third controller terminal, the fourth controller terminal, and the resistor; wherein the system controller is configured to determine whether or not a TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system, whether the TRIAC dimmer is a leading-edge TRIAC dimmer or a trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer; wherein the system controller is further configured to, if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer:
in response to the first signal becoming larger than a first threshold in magnitude at a first time, cause the second signal to ramp up and down during a first duration of time, the first duration of time starting at the first time and ending at a second time; and
in response to the first signal becoming smaller than a second threshold in magnitude at a third time, cause the second signal to ramp up and down during a second duration of time, the second duration of time starting at the third time and ending at a fourth time;
wherein the system controller is further configured to, if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer:
in response to the first signal becoming larger than the first threshold in magnitude at a fifth time, cause the second signal to ramp up and down during a duration of time, the duration of time starting at a sixth time and ending at a seventh time, the seventh time being a time when the first signal becomes smaller than the second threshold in magnitude. 39. The system controller of claim 38 is further configured to, if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer, cause the second signal to remain equal to a constant magnitude from the second time to the third time. 40. The system controller of claim 38 is further configured to, if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer, cause the second signal to remain equal to a constant magnitude from the fifth time to the sixth time. 41.-46. (canceled) 47.-70. (canceled) 71. A method for a lighting system, the method comprising:
receiving a first signal; receiving a second signal, the second signal representing a magnitude of a current flowing through at least a winding; determining whether or not a TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system, whether the TRIAC dimmer is a leading-edge TRIAC dimmer or a trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer; if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer,
in response to the first signal becoming larger than a first threshold in magnitude at a first time, causing the second signal to ramp up and down during a first duration of time, the first duration of time starting at the first time and ending at a second time; and
in response to the first signal becoming smaller than a second threshold in magnitude at a third time, causing the second signal to ramp up and down during a second duration of time, the second duration of time starting at the third time and ending at a fourth time; and
if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer,
in response to the first signal becoming larger than the first threshold in magnitude at a fifth time, causing the second signal to ramp up and down during a duration of time, the duration of time starting at a sixth time and ending at a seventh time, the seventh time being a time when the first signal becomes smaller than the second threshold in magnitude. 72. The method of claim 71, and further comprising: if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the leading-edge TRIAC dimmer, causing the second signal to remain equal to a constant magnitude from the second time to the third time. 73. The method of claim 71, and further comprising: if the TRIAC dimmer is detected to be included in the lighting system and the TRIAC dimmer is the trailing-edge TRIAC dimmer, causing the second signal to remain equal to a constant magnitude from the fifth time to the sixth time. | 2,800 |
346,488 | 16,804,942 | 2,827 | Provided are a fuel cell and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell capable of enhancing the joining (joint strength) with a resin sheet and contributing to reduction in the material cost and the product cost. A GDL (e.g., An-GDL) has a protrusion protruding to the outside of a MEA, and the resin sheet is bonded with the GDL at the protrusion of the GDL via the adhesive layer on the outside of the MEA. | 1. A fuel cell comprising: a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and electrode catalyst layers on both faces of the electrolyte membrane;
a first gas diffusion layer on one of the faces of the membrane electrode assembly, the first gas diffusion layer having a first protrusion protruding to the outside of the membrane electrode assembly; an adhesive layer disposed at the first protrusion on the outside of the membrane electrode assembly; and a resin sheet disposed for lamination to be in contact with the adhesive layer, the resin sheet bonding with the first gas diffusion layer via the adhesive layer. 2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the resin sheet has an inner end that is located outside of the outer end of the membrane electrode assembly, and at least an inner periphery of the resin sheet is in contact with the adhesive layer. 3. The fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a second gas diffusion layer on the other face of the membrane electrode assembly and disposed inside of the resin sheet. 4. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the second gas diffusion layer has a second protrusion protruding to the outside of the membrane electrode assembly, and
the adhesive layer is disposed also at the second protrusion on the outside of the membrane electrode assembly. 5. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the electrode catalyst layer on one of the faces of the electrolyte membrane close to the second gas diffusion layer has an outer end located inside of outer ends of the electrolyte membrane and of the second gas diffusion layer, and the adhesive layer is in contact with the electrolyte membrane and the second gas diffusion layer for bonding of the electrolyte membrane and the second gas diffusion layer. 6. The fuel cell according to claim 3, further comprising a microporous layer at least one of between the membrane electrode assembly and the first gas diffusion layer or between the membrane electrode assembly and the second gas diffusion layer. 7. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the first gas diffusion layer disposed on the one face of the membrane electrode assembly is an anode gas diffusion layer, and the second gas diffusion layer disposed on the other face of the membrane electrode assembly is a cathode gas diffusion layer. 8. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer includes hot-melt adhesive. 9. A fuel cell comprising: a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and electrode catalyst layers on both faces of the electrolyte membrane;
an anode gas diffusion layer on one of the faces of the membrane electrode assembly, the anode gas diffusion layer having a protrusion protruding to the outside of the membrane electrode assembly; a cathode gas diffusion layer on the other face of the membrane electrode assembly; an adhesive layer disposed at least at the protrusion on the outside of the membrane electrode assembly; and a resin sheet disposed for lamination on the outside of the cathode gas diffusion layer to be in contact with the adhesive layer, the resin sheet bonding with the anode gas diffusion layer via the adhesive layer. 10. The fuel cell according to claim 9, further comprising a microporous layer between the membrane electrode assembly and the anode gas diffusion layer, and a microporous layer between the membrane electrode assembly and the cathode gas diffusion layer. 11. A method for manufacturing a fuel cell including: a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and first and second electrode catalyst layers on both faces of the electrolyte membrane; and a resin sheet holding the membrane electrode assembly, the method at least comprising:
forming the first electrode catalyst layer on a first gas diffusion layer so as to expose an outer peripheral part of the first gas diffusion layer; stacking the electrolyte membrane on the first electrode catalyst layer for lamination; applying adhesive on the exposed outer peripheral part of the first gas diffusion layer to form a first adhesive layer; and stacking a resin sheet to be in contact with the adhesive layer for lamination so that the first gas diffusion layer and the resin sheet bond via the first adhesive layer. 12. The method for manufacturing the fuel cell according to claim 11, further comprising:
applying the second electrode catalyst layer on a second gas diffusion layer so as to expose an outer peripheral part of the second gas diffusion layer; applying adhesive on the exposed outer peripheral part of the second gas diffusion layer to form a second adhesive layer; and disposing the second electrode catalyst layer on the electrolyte membrane on the opposite side of the first electrode catalyst layer for joining so that the resin sheet is located outside of the second gas diffusion layer. 13. A method for manufacturing a fuel cell including: a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and an anode electrode catalyst layer and a cathode electrode catalyst layer on both faces of the electrolyte membrane; and a resin sheet holding the membrane electrode assembly, the method comprising:
applying the anode electrode catalyst layer on an anode gas diffusion layer, the anode electrode catalyst layer being smaller than the anode gas diffusion layer, so as to expose an outer peripheral part of the anode gas diffusion layer; stacking the electrolyte membrane for lamination on the anode electrode catalyst layer; applying adhesive on the outer peripheral part of the anode gas diffusion layer to form a first adhesive layer; stacking a resin sheet for lamination to be in contact with the first adhesive layer to bond the anode gas diffusion layer and the resin sheet via the first adhesive layer; applying the cathode electrode catalyst layer on a cathode gas diffusion layer, the cathode electrode catalyst layer being smaller than the cathode gas diffusion layer, so as to expose an outer peripheral part of the cathode gas diffusion layer; applying adhesive on the outer peripheral part of the cathode gas diffusion layer to form a second adhesive layer; and disposing the cathode electrode catalyst layer on the electrolyte membrane on the opposite side of the anode electrode catalyst layer for joining so that the resin sheet is located outside of the cathode gas diffusion layer. | Provided are a fuel cell and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell capable of enhancing the joining (joint strength) with a resin sheet and contributing to reduction in the material cost and the product cost. A GDL (e.g., An-GDL) has a protrusion protruding to the outside of a MEA, and the resin sheet is bonded with the GDL at the protrusion of the GDL via the adhesive layer on the outside of the MEA.1. A fuel cell comprising: a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and electrode catalyst layers on both faces of the electrolyte membrane;
a first gas diffusion layer on one of the faces of the membrane electrode assembly, the first gas diffusion layer having a first protrusion protruding to the outside of the membrane electrode assembly; an adhesive layer disposed at the first protrusion on the outside of the membrane electrode assembly; and a resin sheet disposed for lamination to be in contact with the adhesive layer, the resin sheet bonding with the first gas diffusion layer via the adhesive layer. 2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the resin sheet has an inner end that is located outside of the outer end of the membrane electrode assembly, and at least an inner periphery of the resin sheet is in contact with the adhesive layer. 3. The fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a second gas diffusion layer on the other face of the membrane electrode assembly and disposed inside of the resin sheet. 4. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the second gas diffusion layer has a second protrusion protruding to the outside of the membrane electrode assembly, and
the adhesive layer is disposed also at the second protrusion on the outside of the membrane electrode assembly. 5. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the electrode catalyst layer on one of the faces of the electrolyte membrane close to the second gas diffusion layer has an outer end located inside of outer ends of the electrolyte membrane and of the second gas diffusion layer, and the adhesive layer is in contact with the electrolyte membrane and the second gas diffusion layer for bonding of the electrolyte membrane and the second gas diffusion layer. 6. The fuel cell according to claim 3, further comprising a microporous layer at least one of between the membrane electrode assembly and the first gas diffusion layer or between the membrane electrode assembly and the second gas diffusion layer. 7. The fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the first gas diffusion layer disposed on the one face of the membrane electrode assembly is an anode gas diffusion layer, and the second gas diffusion layer disposed on the other face of the membrane electrode assembly is a cathode gas diffusion layer. 8. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer includes hot-melt adhesive. 9. A fuel cell comprising: a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and electrode catalyst layers on both faces of the electrolyte membrane;
an anode gas diffusion layer on one of the faces of the membrane electrode assembly, the anode gas diffusion layer having a protrusion protruding to the outside of the membrane electrode assembly; a cathode gas diffusion layer on the other face of the membrane electrode assembly; an adhesive layer disposed at least at the protrusion on the outside of the membrane electrode assembly; and a resin sheet disposed for lamination on the outside of the cathode gas diffusion layer to be in contact with the adhesive layer, the resin sheet bonding with the anode gas diffusion layer via the adhesive layer. 10. The fuel cell according to claim 9, further comprising a microporous layer between the membrane electrode assembly and the anode gas diffusion layer, and a microporous layer between the membrane electrode assembly and the cathode gas diffusion layer. 11. A method for manufacturing a fuel cell including: a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and first and second electrode catalyst layers on both faces of the electrolyte membrane; and a resin sheet holding the membrane electrode assembly, the method at least comprising:
forming the first electrode catalyst layer on a first gas diffusion layer so as to expose an outer peripheral part of the first gas diffusion layer; stacking the electrolyte membrane on the first electrode catalyst layer for lamination; applying adhesive on the exposed outer peripheral part of the first gas diffusion layer to form a first adhesive layer; and stacking a resin sheet to be in contact with the adhesive layer for lamination so that the first gas diffusion layer and the resin sheet bond via the first adhesive layer. 12. The method for manufacturing the fuel cell according to claim 11, further comprising:
applying the second electrode catalyst layer on a second gas diffusion layer so as to expose an outer peripheral part of the second gas diffusion layer; applying adhesive on the exposed outer peripheral part of the second gas diffusion layer to form a second adhesive layer; and disposing the second electrode catalyst layer on the electrolyte membrane on the opposite side of the first electrode catalyst layer for joining so that the resin sheet is located outside of the second gas diffusion layer. 13. A method for manufacturing a fuel cell including: a membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane and an anode electrode catalyst layer and a cathode electrode catalyst layer on both faces of the electrolyte membrane; and a resin sheet holding the membrane electrode assembly, the method comprising:
applying the anode electrode catalyst layer on an anode gas diffusion layer, the anode electrode catalyst layer being smaller than the anode gas diffusion layer, so as to expose an outer peripheral part of the anode gas diffusion layer; stacking the electrolyte membrane for lamination on the anode electrode catalyst layer; applying adhesive on the outer peripheral part of the anode gas diffusion layer to form a first adhesive layer; stacking a resin sheet for lamination to be in contact with the first adhesive layer to bond the anode gas diffusion layer and the resin sheet via the first adhesive layer; applying the cathode electrode catalyst layer on a cathode gas diffusion layer, the cathode electrode catalyst layer being smaller than the cathode gas diffusion layer, so as to expose an outer peripheral part of the cathode gas diffusion layer; applying adhesive on the outer peripheral part of the cathode gas diffusion layer to form a second adhesive layer; and disposing the cathode electrode catalyst layer on the electrolyte membrane on the opposite side of the anode electrode catalyst layer for joining so that the resin sheet is located outside of the cathode gas diffusion layer. | 2,800 |
346,489 | 16,804,936 | 2,827 | Disclosed are an organic binder-based coating; a composite gypsum board containing face and back cover sheets, an outside surface of the back cover sheet bearing the coating; and a method of preparing composite board where the back cover sheet contains the coating on its outer surface. The coating is formed from a composition comprising an alkaline silicate, a solid filler, and optionally, a borate. An enhancing layer can also be applied to the back cover sheet. | 1. A gypsum board comprising:
a gypsum layer disposed between a face and back cover sheet, the gypsum layer comprising set gypsum; a coating disposed on an outer surface of the back cover sheet, the coating formed from a composition comprising an alkaline silicate, a solid filler, and optionally a borate; the gypsum board having a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the z direction when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.), according to ASTM C1795-15 when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch. 2. The gypsum board of claim 1, wherein the alkaline silicate is a sodium silicate, a potassium silicate, a lithium silicate, or any combination thereof. 3. The gypsum board of claim 1, wherein the alkaline silicate is a sodium silicate. 4. The gypsum board of claim 1, wherein the solid filler is mica, clay, wollastonite, magnesite, perlite, talc, bentonite, limestone, gypsum, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, hollow beads, zeolites, fly ash, bottom ash, coal ash, steel slag, iron slag, limestone slag, or any combination thereof. 5. The gypsum board of claim 1, wherein the borate is present and is sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, potassium tetraborate, potassium pentaborate, ammonium pentaborate, borax decahydrate, boric oxide, or any combination thereof. 6. The gypsum board of claim 1, wherein the gypsum layer is formed from a slurry comprising high expansion particles in an amount of up to about 10% by weight of stucco, said particles having a volume expansion of about 300% or more of their original volume after being heated for about one hour at about 1560° F. (850° C.). 7. The gypsum board of claim 6, the slurry further comprising expandable graphite. 8. The gypsum board of claim 1, further comprising an enhancing layer disposed, directly or indirectly, on the outer surface of the back cover sheet, the enhancing layer formed from a composition comprising a mild acidic material in aqueous solution and a solid filler additive, the mild acid material containing calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate, phosphoric acid, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, acetic acid, or any combination thereof; and the solid filler additive containing mica, clay, wollastonite, magnesite, perlite, talc, bentonite, limestone, gypsum, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, hollow beads, zeolites, fly ash, bottom ash, coal ash, steel slag, iron slag, limestone slag, or any combination thereof. 9. The gypsum board of claim 1, the board having a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the x-y directions (width-length) when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.) according to ASTM C1795-15 when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch. 10. The gypsum board of claim 1, the board having a Thermal Insulation Index (TI) of about 20 minutes or greater according to ASTM C1795-15 when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch. 11. The gypsum board of claim 1, where, when the board is cast at a nominal thickness of ⅝-inch, an assembly is constructed in accordance with any one of UL Design Numbers U305, U419 or U423, the assembly having a first side with a single layer of gypsum boards and a second side with a single layer of gypsum boards, and surfaces of gypsum boards on the first side of the assembly are heated in accordance with the time-temperature curve of ASTM E119-09a, while surfaces of gypsum boards on the second side of the assembly are provided with temperature sensors pursuant to ASTM E119-09a, the gypsum boards inhibit the transmission of heat through the assembly such that: a maximum single value of the temperature sensors is less than about 325° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes; or an average value of the temperature sensors is less than about 250° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes. 12. A gypsum board comprising:
a gypsum layer disposed between a face and back cover sheet, the gypsum layer comprising set gypsum; a coating disposed on an outer surface of the back cover sheet, the coating formed from a composition comprising an alkaline silicate, a solid filler, and optionally a borate; the gypsum board having a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the x-y directions (width-length) when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.) according to ASTM C1795-15 when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch. 13. The board of claim 1, wherein:
the alkaline silicate is a sodium silicate; the solid filler is mica, clay, wollastonite, magnesite, perlite, talc, bentonite, limestone, gypsum, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, hollow beads, zeolites, fly ash, bottom ash, coal ash, steel slag, iron slag, limestone slag, or any combination thereof; and the borate is present and is sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, potassium tetraborate, potassium pentaborate, ammonium pentaborate, borax decahydrate, boric oxide, or any combination thereof. 14. The board of claim 13, wherein the board has at least one of the following when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch:
a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the z direction when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.), according to ASTM C1795-15;
a Thermal Insulation Index (TI) of about 20 minutes or greater according to ASTM C1795-15; and/or
where, when the board is cast at a nominal thickness of ⅝-inch, an assembly is constructed in accordance with any one of UL Design Numbers U305, U419 or U423, the assembly having a first side with a single layer of gypsum boards and a second side with a single layer of gypsum boards, and surfaces of gypsum boards on the first side of the assembly are heated in accordance with the time-temperature curve of ASTM E119-09a, while surfaces of gypsum boards on the second side of the assembly are provided with temperature sensors pursuant to ASTM E119-09a, the gypsum boards inhibit the transmission of heat through the assembly such that: a maximum single value of the temperature sensors is less than about 325° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes; or an average value of the temperature sensors is less than about 250° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes. 15. A method of making gypsum board comprising:
(a) mixing at least water and stucco to form a slurry; (b) disposing the slurry between a face cover sheet and a back cover sheet to form a board precursor; (c) cutting the board precursor into a board; (d) drying the board; and (e) applying a coating composition on an outer surface of the back cover sheet, the coating composition comprising an alkaline silicate, a solid filler, and optionally a borate; wherein the gypsum board has at least one of the following when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch: a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the z direction when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.), according to ASTM C1795-15; a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the x-y directions (width-length) when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.) according to ASTM C1795-15; a Thermal Insulation Index (TI) of about 20 minutes or greater according to ASTM C1795-15; a High Temperature Thickness Expansion in the z direction of at least about 0.1% when thickness is evaluated according to the analogous techniques and methodology of ASTM C1795-15; and/or where, when the board is cast at a nominal thickness of ⅝-inch, an assembly is constructed in accordance with any one of UL Design Numbers U305, U419 or U423, the assembly having a first side with a single layer of gypsum boards and a second side with a single layer of gypsum boards, and surfaces of gypsum boards on the first side of the assembly are heated in accordance with the time-temperature curve of ASTM E119-09a, while surfaces of gypsum boards on the second side of the assembly are provided with temperature sensors pursuant to ASTM E119-09a, the gypsum boards inhibit the transmission of heat through the assembly such that: a maximum single value of the temperature sensors is less than about 325° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes; or an average value of the temperature sensors is less than about 250° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the alkaline silicate is a sodium silicate. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the solid filler is mica, clay, wollastonite, magnesite, perlite, talc, bentonite, limestone, gypsum, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, hollow beads, zeolites, fly ash, bottom ash, coal ash, steel slag, iron slag, limestone slag, or any combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the borate is present and is sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, potassium tetraborate, potassium pentaborate, ammonium pentaborate, borax decahydrate, boric oxide, or any combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the coating is applied after the board is dried. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising applying an enhancing layer on the back cover sheet, the enhancing layer formed from a composition comprising a mild acidic material in aqueous solution and a solid filler additive, the mild acid material containing calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate, phosphoric acid, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, acetic acid, or any combination thereof; and the solid filler additive containing limestone, clay, mica, magnesite, perlite, fly ash, slag, or any combination thereof. | Disclosed are an organic binder-based coating; a composite gypsum board containing face and back cover sheets, an outside surface of the back cover sheet bearing the coating; and a method of preparing composite board where the back cover sheet contains the coating on its outer surface. The coating is formed from a composition comprising an alkaline silicate, a solid filler, and optionally, a borate. An enhancing layer can also be applied to the back cover sheet.1. A gypsum board comprising:
a gypsum layer disposed between a face and back cover sheet, the gypsum layer comprising set gypsum; a coating disposed on an outer surface of the back cover sheet, the coating formed from a composition comprising an alkaline silicate, a solid filler, and optionally a borate; the gypsum board having a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the z direction when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.), according to ASTM C1795-15 when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch. 2. The gypsum board of claim 1, wherein the alkaline silicate is a sodium silicate, a potassium silicate, a lithium silicate, or any combination thereof. 3. The gypsum board of claim 1, wherein the alkaline silicate is a sodium silicate. 4. The gypsum board of claim 1, wherein the solid filler is mica, clay, wollastonite, magnesite, perlite, talc, bentonite, limestone, gypsum, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, hollow beads, zeolites, fly ash, bottom ash, coal ash, steel slag, iron slag, limestone slag, or any combination thereof. 5. The gypsum board of claim 1, wherein the borate is present and is sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, potassium tetraborate, potassium pentaborate, ammonium pentaborate, borax decahydrate, boric oxide, or any combination thereof. 6. The gypsum board of claim 1, wherein the gypsum layer is formed from a slurry comprising high expansion particles in an amount of up to about 10% by weight of stucco, said particles having a volume expansion of about 300% or more of their original volume after being heated for about one hour at about 1560° F. (850° C.). 7. The gypsum board of claim 6, the slurry further comprising expandable graphite. 8. The gypsum board of claim 1, further comprising an enhancing layer disposed, directly or indirectly, on the outer surface of the back cover sheet, the enhancing layer formed from a composition comprising a mild acidic material in aqueous solution and a solid filler additive, the mild acid material containing calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate, phosphoric acid, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, acetic acid, or any combination thereof; and the solid filler additive containing mica, clay, wollastonite, magnesite, perlite, talc, bentonite, limestone, gypsum, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, hollow beads, zeolites, fly ash, bottom ash, coal ash, steel slag, iron slag, limestone slag, or any combination thereof. 9. The gypsum board of claim 1, the board having a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the x-y directions (width-length) when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.) according to ASTM C1795-15 when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch. 10. The gypsum board of claim 1, the board having a Thermal Insulation Index (TI) of about 20 minutes or greater according to ASTM C1795-15 when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch. 11. The gypsum board of claim 1, where, when the board is cast at a nominal thickness of ⅝-inch, an assembly is constructed in accordance with any one of UL Design Numbers U305, U419 or U423, the assembly having a first side with a single layer of gypsum boards and a second side with a single layer of gypsum boards, and surfaces of gypsum boards on the first side of the assembly are heated in accordance with the time-temperature curve of ASTM E119-09a, while surfaces of gypsum boards on the second side of the assembly are provided with temperature sensors pursuant to ASTM E119-09a, the gypsum boards inhibit the transmission of heat through the assembly such that: a maximum single value of the temperature sensors is less than about 325° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes; or an average value of the temperature sensors is less than about 250° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes. 12. A gypsum board comprising:
a gypsum layer disposed between a face and back cover sheet, the gypsum layer comprising set gypsum; a coating disposed on an outer surface of the back cover sheet, the coating formed from a composition comprising an alkaline silicate, a solid filler, and optionally a borate; the gypsum board having a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the x-y directions (width-length) when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.) according to ASTM C1795-15 when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch. 13. The board of claim 1, wherein:
the alkaline silicate is a sodium silicate; the solid filler is mica, clay, wollastonite, magnesite, perlite, talc, bentonite, limestone, gypsum, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, hollow beads, zeolites, fly ash, bottom ash, coal ash, steel slag, iron slag, limestone slag, or any combination thereof; and the borate is present and is sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, potassium tetraborate, potassium pentaborate, ammonium pentaborate, borax decahydrate, boric oxide, or any combination thereof. 14. The board of claim 13, wherein the board has at least one of the following when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch:
a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the z direction when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.), according to ASTM C1795-15;
a Thermal Insulation Index (TI) of about 20 minutes or greater according to ASTM C1795-15; and/or
where, when the board is cast at a nominal thickness of ⅝-inch, an assembly is constructed in accordance with any one of UL Design Numbers U305, U419 or U423, the assembly having a first side with a single layer of gypsum boards and a second side with a single layer of gypsum boards, and surfaces of gypsum boards on the first side of the assembly are heated in accordance with the time-temperature curve of ASTM E119-09a, while surfaces of gypsum boards on the second side of the assembly are provided with temperature sensors pursuant to ASTM E119-09a, the gypsum boards inhibit the transmission of heat through the assembly such that: a maximum single value of the temperature sensors is less than about 325° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes; or an average value of the temperature sensors is less than about 250° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes. 15. A method of making gypsum board comprising:
(a) mixing at least water and stucco to form a slurry; (b) disposing the slurry between a face cover sheet and a back cover sheet to form a board precursor; (c) cutting the board precursor into a board; (d) drying the board; and (e) applying a coating composition on an outer surface of the back cover sheet, the coating composition comprising an alkaline silicate, a solid filler, and optionally a borate; wherein the gypsum board has at least one of the following when the board is tested at a thickness of ⅝ (0.625) inch: a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the z direction when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.), according to ASTM C1795-15; a High Temperature Shrinkage (S) of about 10% or less in the x-y directions (width-length) when heated to about 1560° F. (850° C.) according to ASTM C1795-15; a Thermal Insulation Index (TI) of about 20 minutes or greater according to ASTM C1795-15; a High Temperature Thickness Expansion in the z direction of at least about 0.1% when thickness is evaluated according to the analogous techniques and methodology of ASTM C1795-15; and/or where, when the board is cast at a nominal thickness of ⅝-inch, an assembly is constructed in accordance with any one of UL Design Numbers U305, U419 or U423, the assembly having a first side with a single layer of gypsum boards and a second side with a single layer of gypsum boards, and surfaces of gypsum boards on the first side of the assembly are heated in accordance with the time-temperature curve of ASTM E119-09a, while surfaces of gypsum boards on the second side of the assembly are provided with temperature sensors pursuant to ASTM E119-09a, the gypsum boards inhibit the transmission of heat through the assembly such that: a maximum single value of the temperature sensors is less than about 325° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes; or an average value of the temperature sensors is less than about 250° F. plus ambient temperature after about 60 minutes. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the alkaline silicate is a sodium silicate. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the solid filler is mica, clay, wollastonite, magnesite, perlite, talc, bentonite, limestone, gypsum, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, hollow beads, zeolites, fly ash, bottom ash, coal ash, steel slag, iron slag, limestone slag, or any combination thereof. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the borate is present and is sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, potassium tetraborate, potassium pentaborate, ammonium pentaborate, borax decahydrate, boric oxide, or any combination thereof. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the coating is applied after the board is dried. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising applying an enhancing layer on the back cover sheet, the enhancing layer formed from a composition comprising a mild acidic material in aqueous solution and a solid filler additive, the mild acid material containing calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate, phosphoric acid, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, acetic acid, or any combination thereof; and the solid filler additive containing limestone, clay, mica, magnesite, perlite, fly ash, slag, or any combination thereof. | 2,800 |
346,490 | 16,804,941 | 2,827 | System and method for providing patient-specific models to distinguish between epochs of electrocardiograms (ECGs) located far away from atrial fibrillation rhythms and those located just prior to the onset of those episodes, to provide for the prediction of the onset of an occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the patient. | 1. A method comprising:
at one or more computing devices comprising one or more hardware processors and memory storing one or more computer programs executed by the one or more hardware processors to perform the method, performing the operations of: identifying one or more AF (atrial fibrillation) rhythms in historical ECG data of a patient; distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, wherein the distant-AF ECG epochs are located far away from the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data and wherein the pre-AF ECG epochs are located just prior to the onset of the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data; establishing a baseline for the patient based upon the one or more pre-AF ECG epochs and the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs; monitoring current electrical activity of the patient's heart using an electrical activity heart monitoring device; and comparing the current electrical activity of the patient's heart to the baseline established for the patient to predict an onset of AF in the patient. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, further comprises, identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data further comprises, identifying variations in the patient's heart rate from the historical ECG data. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features further comprises:
identifying the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs in the historical ECG data; identifying the one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical ECG data; utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more distant-AF epochs to extract one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs and subtracting a cubic spline interpolated trend line from the distant-AF RR-interval time series to center the RR-interval time series about zero to generate a normalized distant-AF RR-interval time series; utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more pre-AF epochs to extract one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more pre-AF epochs and subtracting a cubic spline interpolated trend line from the pre-AF RR-interval time series to center the pre-AF RR-interval time series about zero to generate a normalized pre-AF RR-interval time series; for each of the one or more normalized distant-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features in the one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series comprising, a number of outliers, a maximum, a minimum, a mean and a median; and for each of the one or more normalized pre-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features in the one or more normalized distant-AF RR-interval time series comprising, a number of outliers, a maximum, a minimum, a mean and a median. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features further comprises:
utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more distant-AF epochs to extract one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs; utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more pre-AF epochs to extract one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more pre-AF epochs; extracting one or more outliers from the one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series and extracting one or more outliers from the one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series; for each of the one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features of the one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series without the one or more outliers comprising, a median and a root mean square value; and for each of the one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features of the one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series without the one or more outliers comprising, a median and a root mean square value. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features further comprises:
utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more distant-AF epochs to extract one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs; utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more pre-AF epochs to extract one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more pre-AF epochs; for each of the one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features comprising autoregressive coefficients that capture a variation within the distant-AF RR-interval time series; and for each of the one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features comprising autoregressive coefficients that capture a variation within the pre-AF RR-interval time series. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features further comprises:
identifying one or more abnormal heart beats or abnormal heart rhythm changes in the historical ECG data; and identifying distinguishing features comprising a number of abnormal heart beats or abnormal heart rhythm changes. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the abnormal heart beats are selected from premature atrial contractions and premature ventricular contractions. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the abnormal heart rhythm changes are selected from sinus bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, atrial bigeminy, supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular bigeminy. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data are selected from a feature vector comprising twenty-seven values for each pre-AF ECG epoch and each distant-AF ECP epoch using a ranksum test resulting in four distinguishing features. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the pre-AF ECG epochs are located less than about 3 minutes prior to the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the distant-AF ECG epochs are located at least about 10 minutes prior to the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the distant-AF ECG epoch and the pre-AF ECG epoch comprises a duration of about two minutes. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring current electrical activity of the patient's heart is performed by an embedded vectorcardiogram device. 15. A system comprising, analog processing circuitry and associated memory for:
identifying one or more AF (atrial fibrillation) rhythms in historical ECG data of a patient; distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, wherein the distant-AF ECG epochs are located far away from the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data and wherein the pre-AF ECG epochs are located just prior to the onset of the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data; establishing a baseline for the patient based upon the one or more pre-AF ECG epochs and the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs; monitoring current electrical activity of the patient's heart using an electrical activity heart monitoring device; and comparing the current electrical activity of the patient's heart to the baseline established for the patient to predict an onset of AF in the patient. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, further comprises, identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data further comprises, identifying variations in the patient's heart rate from the historical ECG data. 18. One or more tangible non-transitory computer-readable media having computer-executable instructions for performing a method of running a software program on a computing device, the computing device operating under an operating system, the method including issuing instructions from the software program comprising:
identifying one or more AF (atrial fibrillation) rhythms in historical ECG data of a patient; distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, wherein the distant-AF ECG epochs are located far away from the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data and wherein the pre-AF ECG epochs are located just prior to the onset of the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data; establishing a baseline for the patient based upon the one or more pre-AF ECG epochs and the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs; monitoring current electrical activity of the patient's heart using an electrical activity heart monitoring device; and comparing the current electrical activity of the patient's heart to the baseline established for the patient to predict an onset of AF in the patient. 19. The media of claim 18, wherein distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, further comprises, identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data. 20. The media of claim 19, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data further comprises, identifying variations in the patient's heart rate from the historical ECG data. | System and method for providing patient-specific models to distinguish between epochs of electrocardiograms (ECGs) located far away from atrial fibrillation rhythms and those located just prior to the onset of those episodes, to provide for the prediction of the onset of an occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the patient.1. A method comprising:
at one or more computing devices comprising one or more hardware processors and memory storing one or more computer programs executed by the one or more hardware processors to perform the method, performing the operations of: identifying one or more AF (atrial fibrillation) rhythms in historical ECG data of a patient; distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, wherein the distant-AF ECG epochs are located far away from the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data and wherein the pre-AF ECG epochs are located just prior to the onset of the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data; establishing a baseline for the patient based upon the one or more pre-AF ECG epochs and the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs; monitoring current electrical activity of the patient's heart using an electrical activity heart monitoring device; and comparing the current electrical activity of the patient's heart to the baseline established for the patient to predict an onset of AF in the patient. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, further comprises, identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data further comprises, identifying variations in the patient's heart rate from the historical ECG data. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features further comprises:
identifying the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs in the historical ECG data; identifying the one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical ECG data; utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more distant-AF epochs to extract one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs and subtracting a cubic spline interpolated trend line from the distant-AF RR-interval time series to center the RR-interval time series about zero to generate a normalized distant-AF RR-interval time series; utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more pre-AF epochs to extract one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more pre-AF epochs and subtracting a cubic spline interpolated trend line from the pre-AF RR-interval time series to center the pre-AF RR-interval time series about zero to generate a normalized pre-AF RR-interval time series; for each of the one or more normalized distant-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features in the one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series comprising, a number of outliers, a maximum, a minimum, a mean and a median; and for each of the one or more normalized pre-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features in the one or more normalized distant-AF RR-interval time series comprising, a number of outliers, a maximum, a minimum, a mean and a median. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features further comprises:
utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more distant-AF epochs to extract one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs; utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more pre-AF epochs to extract one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more pre-AF epochs; extracting one or more outliers from the one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series and extracting one or more outliers from the one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series; for each of the one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features of the one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series without the one or more outliers comprising, a median and a root mean square value; and for each of the one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features of the one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series without the one or more outliers comprising, a median and a root mean square value. 6. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features further comprises:
utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more distant-AF epochs to extract one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs; utilizing heart beat annotations in the one or more pre-AF epochs to extract one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series from the one or more pre-AF epochs; for each of the one or more distant-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features comprising autoregressive coefficients that capture a variation within the distant-AF RR-interval time series; and for each of the one or more pre-AF RR-interval time series, identifying distinguishing features comprising autoregressive coefficients that capture a variation within the pre-AF RR-interval time series. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features further comprises:
identifying one or more abnormal heart beats or abnormal heart rhythm changes in the historical ECG data; and identifying distinguishing features comprising a number of abnormal heart beats or abnormal heart rhythm changes. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the abnormal heart beats are selected from premature atrial contractions and premature ventricular contractions. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the abnormal heart rhythm changes are selected from sinus bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, atrial bigeminy, supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular bigeminy. 10. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data are selected from a feature vector comprising twenty-seven values for each pre-AF ECG epoch and each distant-AF ECP epoch using a ranksum test resulting in four distinguishing features. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the pre-AF ECG epochs are located less than about 3 minutes prior to the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the distant-AF ECG epochs are located at least about 10 minutes prior to the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the distant-AF ECG epoch and the pre-AF ECG epoch comprises a duration of about two minutes. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring current electrical activity of the patient's heart is performed by an embedded vectorcardiogram device. 15. A system comprising, analog processing circuitry and associated memory for:
identifying one or more AF (atrial fibrillation) rhythms in historical ECG data of a patient; distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, wherein the distant-AF ECG epochs are located far away from the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data and wherein the pre-AF ECG epochs are located just prior to the onset of the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data; establishing a baseline for the patient based upon the one or more pre-AF ECG epochs and the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs; monitoring current electrical activity of the patient's heart using an electrical activity heart monitoring device; and comparing the current electrical activity of the patient's heart to the baseline established for the patient to predict an onset of AF in the patient. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, further comprises, identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data further comprises, identifying variations in the patient's heart rate from the historical ECG data. 18. One or more tangible non-transitory computer-readable media having computer-executable instructions for performing a method of running a software program on a computing device, the computing device operating under an operating system, the method including issuing instructions from the software program comprising:
identifying one or more AF (atrial fibrillation) rhythms in historical ECG data of a patient; distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, wherein the distant-AF ECG epochs are located far away from the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data and wherein the pre-AF ECG epochs are located just prior to the onset of the one or more AF rhythms in the historical ECG data; establishing a baseline for the patient based upon the one or more pre-AF ECG epochs and the one or more distant-AF ECG epochs; monitoring current electrical activity of the patient's heart using an electrical activity heart monitoring device; and comparing the current electrical activity of the patient's heart to the baseline established for the patient to predict an onset of AF in the patient. 19. The media of claim 18, wherein distinguishing between one or more distant-AF (atrial fibrillation) ECG epochs in the historical ECG data and one or more pre-AF ECG epochs in the historical data, further comprises, identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data. 20. The media of claim 19, wherein identifying a plurality of distinguishing features in the historical ECG data further comprises, identifying variations in the patient's heart rate from the historical ECG data. | 2,800 |
346,491 | 16,804,933 | 2,827 | An imprint apparatus configured to form a pattern of an imprint material on a substrate using a mold includes a holding unit configured to hold the mold with a holding surface making contact with a first surface of the mold, a deformation unit configured to apply a force to the mold held at the holding surface to deform the mold, and a drive unit configured to move at least one of the mold held by the holding unit and the deformation unit to change a relative position between the mold held by the holding unit and the deformation unit. The drive unit changes a position where the deformation unit applies a force to the mold in a direction vertical to the first surface based on information about a position of a second surface on an opposite side of the first surface. | 1. An imprint apparatus configured to form a pattern of an imprint material on a substrate using a mold, the imprint apparatus comprising:
a holding unit configured to hold the mold with a holding surface making contact with a first surface of the mold; a deformation unit configured to apply a force to the mold held at the holding surface to deform the mold; and a drive unit configured to move at least one of the mold held by the holding unit and the deformation unit to change a relative position between the mold held by the holding unit and the deformation unit, wherein the drive unit changes a position where the deformation unit applies a force to the mold in a direction vertical to the first surface based on information about a position of a second surface on an opposite side of the first surface. 2. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive unit includes a first drive unit configured to move the deformation unit with respect to the mold held by the holding unit. 3. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive unit includes a second drive unit configured to move the mold held by the holding unit with respect to the deformation unit. 4. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a measurement unit configured to measure a position of the second surface of the mold held by the holding unit, wherein the position where the deformation unit applies the force to the mold is changed based on the position of the second surface measured by the measurement unit. 5. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein information about a thickness of the mold is obtained, and the position where the deformation unit applies the force to the mold is changed based on the position of the second surface obtained based on the information. 6. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the deformation unit applies a force to a side surface on an outer periphery of the mold held to the holding surface to deform the mold. 7. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the deformation unit applies a force to a side surface of a first recessed portion disposed on the first surface of the mold held to the holding surface to deform the mold. 8. The imprint apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the first recessed portion is disposed to include a center on the first surface of the mold. 9. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the deformation unit applies forces to side surfaces of a plurality of second recessed portions disposed on the first surface of the mold held to the holding surface to deform the mold. 10. The imprint apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the deformation unit applies a force to at least one of the plurality of second recessed portions in a direction different from the other second recessed portions to deform the mold. 11. An imprint method of forming a pattern of an imprint material on a substrate using a mold, the imprint method comprising:
holding the mold with a holding surface making contact with a first surface of the mold; changing a position where a force is applied to the mold in a direction vertical to the first surface based on information about a height of a second surface on an opposite side of the first surface; and applying a force to the mold held at the holding surface to deform the mold. 12. An article manufacturing method comprising:
holding a mold with a holding surface making contact with a first surface of the mold; changing a position where a force is applied to the mold in a direction vertical to the first surface based on information about a height of a second surface on an opposite side of the first surface; applying a force to the mold held at the holding surface to deform the mold; forming a pattern of an imprint material on a substrate using the mold; processing the substrate where the pattern is formed; and manufacturing an article from the substrate processed in the processing. | An imprint apparatus configured to form a pattern of an imprint material on a substrate using a mold includes a holding unit configured to hold the mold with a holding surface making contact with a first surface of the mold, a deformation unit configured to apply a force to the mold held at the holding surface to deform the mold, and a drive unit configured to move at least one of the mold held by the holding unit and the deformation unit to change a relative position between the mold held by the holding unit and the deformation unit. The drive unit changes a position where the deformation unit applies a force to the mold in a direction vertical to the first surface based on information about a position of a second surface on an opposite side of the first surface.1. An imprint apparatus configured to form a pattern of an imprint material on a substrate using a mold, the imprint apparatus comprising:
a holding unit configured to hold the mold with a holding surface making contact with a first surface of the mold; a deformation unit configured to apply a force to the mold held at the holding surface to deform the mold; and a drive unit configured to move at least one of the mold held by the holding unit and the deformation unit to change a relative position between the mold held by the holding unit and the deformation unit, wherein the drive unit changes a position where the deformation unit applies a force to the mold in a direction vertical to the first surface based on information about a position of a second surface on an opposite side of the first surface. 2. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive unit includes a first drive unit configured to move the deformation unit with respect to the mold held by the holding unit. 3. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drive unit includes a second drive unit configured to move the mold held by the holding unit with respect to the deformation unit. 4. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a measurement unit configured to measure a position of the second surface of the mold held by the holding unit, wherein the position where the deformation unit applies the force to the mold is changed based on the position of the second surface measured by the measurement unit. 5. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein information about a thickness of the mold is obtained, and the position where the deformation unit applies the force to the mold is changed based on the position of the second surface obtained based on the information. 6. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the deformation unit applies a force to a side surface on an outer periphery of the mold held to the holding surface to deform the mold. 7. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the deformation unit applies a force to a side surface of a first recessed portion disposed on the first surface of the mold held to the holding surface to deform the mold. 8. The imprint apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the first recessed portion is disposed to include a center on the first surface of the mold. 9. The imprint apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the deformation unit applies forces to side surfaces of a plurality of second recessed portions disposed on the first surface of the mold held to the holding surface to deform the mold. 10. The imprint apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the deformation unit applies a force to at least one of the plurality of second recessed portions in a direction different from the other second recessed portions to deform the mold. 11. An imprint method of forming a pattern of an imprint material on a substrate using a mold, the imprint method comprising:
holding the mold with a holding surface making contact with a first surface of the mold; changing a position where a force is applied to the mold in a direction vertical to the first surface based on information about a height of a second surface on an opposite side of the first surface; and applying a force to the mold held at the holding surface to deform the mold. 12. An article manufacturing method comprising:
holding a mold with a holding surface making contact with a first surface of the mold; changing a position where a force is applied to the mold in a direction vertical to the first surface based on information about a height of a second surface on an opposite side of the first surface; applying a force to the mold held at the holding surface to deform the mold; forming a pattern of an imprint material on a substrate using the mold; processing the substrate where the pattern is formed; and manufacturing an article from the substrate processed in the processing. | 2,800 |
346,492 | 16,804,950 | 2,827 | A bottom pinned magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack containing a top magnetic free layer having a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field is provided which can be used as an element/component of a spin-transfer torque (STT) MRAM device. The top magnetic free layer is composed of an ordered aluminum-manganese-germanium-containing alloy having a tetragonal crystalline symmetry. The top magnetic free layer is formed directly on a tunnel barrier layer of the bottom pinned MTJ stack without the need of a specialized metallic seed layer. | 1. A bottom pinned magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack comprising:
a tunnel barrier layer located on a magnetic pinned layer; and a magnetic free layer located on the tunnel barrier layer, wherein the magnetic free layer is composed of an ordered aluminum-manganese-germanium-containing alloy having a tetragonal crystalline symmetry. 2. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, wherein up to 20 atomic percent of the total manganese content of the ordered aluminum-manganese-germanium-containing alloy is replaced with chromium. 3. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, further comprising a MTJ capping layer located on the magnetic free layer. 4. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 3, further comprising an etch stop layer located on the MTJ capping layer and a hard mask located on the etch stop layer. 5. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 4, wherein the tunnel barrier layer is composed of magnesium oxide, the MTJ capping layer is composed of magnesium oxide, the hard mask is composed of ruthenium and the hard mask is composed of tantalum nitride. 6. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, wherein the magnetic free layer has a thickness from 3 nm to 10 nm. 7. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, wherein the magnetic free layer has a magnetic moment area from 0.035 milli-emu/cm2 to 0.15 milli-emu/cm2. 8. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, wherein the magnetic free layer has a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field that is greater than 2 Tesla. 9. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, wherein the magnetic reference layer is composed of a cobalt-iron-boron alloy. 10. A spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT MRAM) device comprising:
a bottom pinned magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack located on a bottom electrode, wherein the bottom pinned MTJ stack comprises a tunnel barrier layer located on a magnetic pinned layer, and a magnetic free layer located on the tunnel barrier layer, wherein the magnetic free layer is composed of an ordered aluminum-manganese-germanium-containing alloy having a tetragonal crystalline symmetry. 11. The STT MRAM device of claim 10, wherein up to 20 atomic percent of the total manganese content of the ordered aluminum-manganese-germanium-containing alloy is replaced with chromium. 12. The STT MRAM device of claim 10, further comprising a MTJ capping layer located on the magnetic free layer. 13. The STT MRAM device of claim 12, further comprising an etch stop layer located on the MTJ capping layer and a hard mask located on the etch stop layer. 14. The STT MRAM device of claim 13, wherein the tunnel barrier layer is composed of magnesium oxide, the MTJ capping layer is composed of magnesium oxide, the hard mask is composed of ruthenium and the hard mask is composed of tantalum nitride. 15. The STT MRAM device of claim 10, wherein the magnetic free layer has a thickness from 3 nm to 10 nm. 16. The STT MRAM device of claim 10, wherein the magnetic free layer has a magnetic moment area from 0.035 milli-emu/cm2 to 0.15 milli-emu/cm2. 17. The STT MRAM device of claim 10, wherein the magnetic free layer has a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field that is greater than 2 Tesla. 18. The STT MRAM device of claim 1, wherein the magnetic reference layer is composed of a cobalt-iron-boron alloy. 19. The STT MRAM device of claim 11, wherein the bottom electrode is composed of an electrically conductive metal, an electrically conductive metal alloy, or an electrically conductive metal nitride. 20. The STT MRAM device of claim 13, wherein the hard mask serves as a top electrode of the STT MRAM device. | A bottom pinned magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack containing a top magnetic free layer having a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field is provided which can be used as an element/component of a spin-transfer torque (STT) MRAM device. The top magnetic free layer is composed of an ordered aluminum-manganese-germanium-containing alloy having a tetragonal crystalline symmetry. The top magnetic free layer is formed directly on a tunnel barrier layer of the bottom pinned MTJ stack without the need of a specialized metallic seed layer.1. A bottom pinned magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack comprising:
a tunnel barrier layer located on a magnetic pinned layer; and a magnetic free layer located on the tunnel barrier layer, wherein the magnetic free layer is composed of an ordered aluminum-manganese-germanium-containing alloy having a tetragonal crystalline symmetry. 2. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, wherein up to 20 atomic percent of the total manganese content of the ordered aluminum-manganese-germanium-containing alloy is replaced with chromium. 3. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, further comprising a MTJ capping layer located on the magnetic free layer. 4. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 3, further comprising an etch stop layer located on the MTJ capping layer and a hard mask located on the etch stop layer. 5. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 4, wherein the tunnel barrier layer is composed of magnesium oxide, the MTJ capping layer is composed of magnesium oxide, the hard mask is composed of ruthenium and the hard mask is composed of tantalum nitride. 6. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, wherein the magnetic free layer has a thickness from 3 nm to 10 nm. 7. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, wherein the magnetic free layer has a magnetic moment area from 0.035 milli-emu/cm2 to 0.15 milli-emu/cm2. 8. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, wherein the magnetic free layer has a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field that is greater than 2 Tesla. 9. The bottom pinned MTJ stack of claim 1, wherein the magnetic reference layer is composed of a cobalt-iron-boron alloy. 10. A spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT MRAM) device comprising:
a bottom pinned magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) stack located on a bottom electrode, wherein the bottom pinned MTJ stack comprises a tunnel barrier layer located on a magnetic pinned layer, and a magnetic free layer located on the tunnel barrier layer, wherein the magnetic free layer is composed of an ordered aluminum-manganese-germanium-containing alloy having a tetragonal crystalline symmetry. 11. The STT MRAM device of claim 10, wherein up to 20 atomic percent of the total manganese content of the ordered aluminum-manganese-germanium-containing alloy is replaced with chromium. 12. The STT MRAM device of claim 10, further comprising a MTJ capping layer located on the magnetic free layer. 13. The STT MRAM device of claim 12, further comprising an etch stop layer located on the MTJ capping layer and a hard mask located on the etch stop layer. 14. The STT MRAM device of claim 13, wherein the tunnel barrier layer is composed of magnesium oxide, the MTJ capping layer is composed of magnesium oxide, the hard mask is composed of ruthenium and the hard mask is composed of tantalum nitride. 15. The STT MRAM device of claim 10, wherein the magnetic free layer has a thickness from 3 nm to 10 nm. 16. The STT MRAM device of claim 10, wherein the magnetic free layer has a magnetic moment area from 0.035 milli-emu/cm2 to 0.15 milli-emu/cm2. 17. The STT MRAM device of claim 10, wherein the magnetic free layer has a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field that is greater than 2 Tesla. 18. The STT MRAM device of claim 1, wherein the magnetic reference layer is composed of a cobalt-iron-boron alloy. 19. The STT MRAM device of claim 11, wherein the bottom electrode is composed of an electrically conductive metal, an electrically conductive metal alloy, or an electrically conductive metal nitride. 20. The STT MRAM device of claim 13, wherein the hard mask serves as a top electrode of the STT MRAM device. | 2,800 |
346,493 | 16,804,868 | 2,827 | A rotational force is transmitted to a main assembly side feeding member for feeding the toner into a main assembly side toner accommodating portion from a coupling member provided on a cartridge. | 1-161. (canceled) 162. A cartridge comprising:
a frame including a chamber; a photosensitive drum supported by the frame, the photosensitive drum being rotatable about an axis thereof, and a part of the photosensitive drum being positioned in the chamber; and a coupling member provided adjacent to an opening in the cartridge, the coupling member including (i) a shaft and (ii) a projection at an end of the coupling member, the coupling member being movable between a first position and a second position, with the projection being closer to the axis of the photosensitive drum when the coupling member is in the first position than when the coupling member is in the second position, wherein the chamber is in fluid communication with the opening, with the coupling member forming at least a part of a passageway through which toner can move from the chamber to the opening. 163. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein a position of the opening moves as the second coupling member moves between the first position and the second position 164. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a pipe that is in fluid communication with the chamber and defines the opening,
wherein at least a part of the coupling member is positioned inside of the pipe, and the coupling member is movable between the first position and the second position along with movement of the pipe. 165. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a spring configured to urge the coupling member toward the first position. 166. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the coupling member includes two projections, and the projections define at least one gap that is positioned symmetrically with respect to an axis of the coupling member. 167. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the coupling member includes an opening through which toner can move. 168. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the coupling member is movable in an axial direction thereof. 169. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a movable shutter configured to open and close the opening,
wherein, when the shutter closes the opening, the shutter prevents the coupling member from moving from the first position to the second position, and wherein, when the shutter opens the opening, the coupling member can move from the first position to the second position. 170. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the shaft of the coupling member includes (i) a cylindrical portion positioned about an axis of the coupling member and (ii) an extension extending from the cylindrical portion toward the chamber in an axial direction of the coupling member. 171. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a cleaning blade contacting a surface of the photosensitive drum, the cleaning blade being configured to remove toner from the surface of the photosensitive drum to the chamber. 172. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the photosensitive drum is operatively connected to the coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the photosensitive drum to the coupling member. 173. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a toner feeding screw configured to move toner from the chamber to the opening. 174. The cartridge of claim 173, wherein the toner feeding screw is operatively connected to the coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the toner feeding screw to the coupling member. 175. The cartridge of claim 173, wherein the shaft of the coupling member is formed about an axis of the coupling member, and
wherein, as seen along the axis of the photosensitive drum, the axis of the photosensitive drum and an axis of the toner feeding screw are positioned on opposite sides of an axis of the coupling member. 176. A process cartridge comprising:
a frame including a first chamber and a second chamber; a photosensitive drum supported by the frame, the photosensitive drum being rotatable about an axis thereof, and a part of the photosensitive drum being positioned in the first chamber; toner contained in the second chamber; a developing roller configured to develop a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum with the toner contained in the second chamber; and a coupling member provided adjacent to an opening in the process cartridge, the coupling member including (i) a shaft and (ii) a projection at an end of the coupling member, the coupling member being movable between a first position and a second position, with the projection being closer to the axis of the photosensitive drum when the coupling member is in the first position than when the coupling member is in the second position, wherein the first chamber is in fluid communication with the opening, with the coupling member forming at least a part of a passageway through which the toner can move from the first chamber to the opening. 177. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein a position of the opening moves as the second coupling member moves between the first position and the second position. 178. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a pipe that is in fluid communication with the first chamber and defines the opening,
wherein at least a part of the coupling member is positioned inside of the pipe, and the coupling member is movable between the first position and the second position along with movement of the pipe. 179. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a spring configured to urge the coupling member toward the first position. 180. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the coupling member includes two projections, and the projections define at least one gap that is positioned symmetrically with respect to an axis of the coupling member. 181. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the coupling member includes an opening through which toner can move. 182. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the coupling member is movable in an axial direction thereof. 183. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a movable shutter configured to open and close the opening,
wherein, when the shutter closes the opening, the shutter prevents the coupling member from moving from the first position to the second position, and wherein, when the shutter opens the opening, the coupling member can move from the first position to the second position. 184. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the shaft of the coupling member includes (i) a cylindrical portion positioned about an axis of the coupling member and (ii) an extension extending from the cylindrical portion toward the chamber in an axial direction of the coupling member. 185. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a cleaning blade contacting a surface of the photosensitive drum, the cleaning blade being configured to remove toner from the surface of the photosensitive drum to the chamber. 186. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the photosensitive drum is operatively connected to the coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the photosensitive drum to the coupling member. 187. The process cartridge of claim 187, further comprising a toner feeding screw configured to move the toner from the first chamber to the opening. 188. The process cartridge of claim 187, wherein the toner feeding screw is operatively connected to the coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the toner feeding screw to the coupling member. 189. The process cartridge of claim 187, wherein the shaft of the coupling member is formed about an axis of the coupling member, and
wherein, as seen along the axis of the photosensitive drum, the axis of the photosensitive drum and an axis of the toner feeding screw are positioned on opposite sides of an axis of the coupling member. 190. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the frame includes:
(i) a first frame including the first chamber and supporting the photosensitive drum; and (ii) a second frame including the second chamber and supporting the developing roller. 191. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a supplying roller configured to supply the toner to the developing roller, and a stirring member configured to move the toner toward the supplying roller,
wherein, when the process cartridge is oriented with the photosensitive drum positioned on an upper side of the process cartridge, the supplying roller and the developing roller are positioned above the stirring member. | A rotational force is transmitted to a main assembly side feeding member for feeding the toner into a main assembly side toner accommodating portion from a coupling member provided on a cartridge.1-161. (canceled) 162. A cartridge comprising:
a frame including a chamber; a photosensitive drum supported by the frame, the photosensitive drum being rotatable about an axis thereof, and a part of the photosensitive drum being positioned in the chamber; and a coupling member provided adjacent to an opening in the cartridge, the coupling member including (i) a shaft and (ii) a projection at an end of the coupling member, the coupling member being movable between a first position and a second position, with the projection being closer to the axis of the photosensitive drum when the coupling member is in the first position than when the coupling member is in the second position, wherein the chamber is in fluid communication with the opening, with the coupling member forming at least a part of a passageway through which toner can move from the chamber to the opening. 163. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein a position of the opening moves as the second coupling member moves between the first position and the second position 164. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a pipe that is in fluid communication with the chamber and defines the opening,
wherein at least a part of the coupling member is positioned inside of the pipe, and the coupling member is movable between the first position and the second position along with movement of the pipe. 165. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a spring configured to urge the coupling member toward the first position. 166. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the coupling member includes two projections, and the projections define at least one gap that is positioned symmetrically with respect to an axis of the coupling member. 167. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the coupling member includes an opening through which toner can move. 168. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the coupling member is movable in an axial direction thereof. 169. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a movable shutter configured to open and close the opening,
wherein, when the shutter closes the opening, the shutter prevents the coupling member from moving from the first position to the second position, and wherein, when the shutter opens the opening, the coupling member can move from the first position to the second position. 170. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the shaft of the coupling member includes (i) a cylindrical portion positioned about an axis of the coupling member and (ii) an extension extending from the cylindrical portion toward the chamber in an axial direction of the coupling member. 171. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a cleaning blade contacting a surface of the photosensitive drum, the cleaning blade being configured to remove toner from the surface of the photosensitive drum to the chamber. 172. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the photosensitive drum is operatively connected to the coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the photosensitive drum to the coupling member. 173. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a toner feeding screw configured to move toner from the chamber to the opening. 174. The cartridge of claim 173, wherein the toner feeding screw is operatively connected to the coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the toner feeding screw to the coupling member. 175. The cartridge of claim 173, wherein the shaft of the coupling member is formed about an axis of the coupling member, and
wherein, as seen along the axis of the photosensitive drum, the axis of the photosensitive drum and an axis of the toner feeding screw are positioned on opposite sides of an axis of the coupling member. 176. A process cartridge comprising:
a frame including a first chamber and a second chamber; a photosensitive drum supported by the frame, the photosensitive drum being rotatable about an axis thereof, and a part of the photosensitive drum being positioned in the first chamber; toner contained in the second chamber; a developing roller configured to develop a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum with the toner contained in the second chamber; and a coupling member provided adjacent to an opening in the process cartridge, the coupling member including (i) a shaft and (ii) a projection at an end of the coupling member, the coupling member being movable between a first position and a second position, with the projection being closer to the axis of the photosensitive drum when the coupling member is in the first position than when the coupling member is in the second position, wherein the first chamber is in fluid communication with the opening, with the coupling member forming at least a part of a passageway through which the toner can move from the first chamber to the opening. 177. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein a position of the opening moves as the second coupling member moves between the first position and the second position. 178. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a pipe that is in fluid communication with the first chamber and defines the opening,
wherein at least a part of the coupling member is positioned inside of the pipe, and the coupling member is movable between the first position and the second position along with movement of the pipe. 179. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a spring configured to urge the coupling member toward the first position. 180. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the coupling member includes two projections, and the projections define at least one gap that is positioned symmetrically with respect to an axis of the coupling member. 181. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the coupling member includes an opening through which toner can move. 182. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the coupling member is movable in an axial direction thereof. 183. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a movable shutter configured to open and close the opening,
wherein, when the shutter closes the opening, the shutter prevents the coupling member from moving from the first position to the second position, and wherein, when the shutter opens the opening, the coupling member can move from the first position to the second position. 184. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the shaft of the coupling member includes (i) a cylindrical portion positioned about an axis of the coupling member and (ii) an extension extending from the cylindrical portion toward the chamber in an axial direction of the coupling member. 185. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a cleaning blade contacting a surface of the photosensitive drum, the cleaning blade being configured to remove toner from the surface of the photosensitive drum to the chamber. 186. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the photosensitive drum is operatively connected to the coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the photosensitive drum to the coupling member. 187. The process cartridge of claim 187, further comprising a toner feeding screw configured to move the toner from the first chamber to the opening. 188. The process cartridge of claim 187, wherein the toner feeding screw is operatively connected to the coupling member such that a rotational force can be transmitted from the toner feeding screw to the coupling member. 189. The process cartridge of claim 187, wherein the shaft of the coupling member is formed about an axis of the coupling member, and
wherein, as seen along the axis of the photosensitive drum, the axis of the photosensitive drum and an axis of the toner feeding screw are positioned on opposite sides of an axis of the coupling member. 190. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the frame includes:
(i) a first frame including the first chamber and supporting the photosensitive drum; and (ii) a second frame including the second chamber and supporting the developing roller. 191. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a supplying roller configured to supply the toner to the developing roller, and a stirring member configured to move the toner toward the supplying roller,
wherein, when the process cartridge is oriented with the photosensitive drum positioned on an upper side of the process cartridge, the supplying roller and the developing roller are positioned above the stirring member. | 2,800 |
346,494 | 16,804,938 | 2,827 | A system and method for generated nuanced mature data from consensus group evaluation in relative real-time for future use or quantitative analytics. Examples include student progress, business meetings, polling data, coaching sessions, product development, etc. Technologies for generating and managing a critique session include a platform application for receiving a multimedia object and one or more specified terms associated with the multimedia object. The platform application also includes receiving feedback during the critique session regarding the multimedia object and generating analytics based on the feedback. The generated analytics are stored on the server and presented as visualizations on devices connected to the platform application. | 1. A computer-implemented method for providing a critique session comprising:
transmitting, by a server, a multimedia object for critique and one or more terms associated with the multimedia object to an application executing on a device, wherein the device generates a prompt for the critique including the multimedia object and the one or more terms; receiving, by the server and from the device, one or more feedback items in response to the prompt; generating, by the server, a plurality of analytics associated with the one or more feedback items; and transmitting, by the server, the plurality of analytics associated with the one or more feedback items. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device generates a visualization of the plurality of analytics for presentation on a user interface. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the multimedia object is one of an image, audio, or video. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more feedback items includes responses associated with the one or more terms. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more feedback items includes chat messages from a user of the device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the plurality of analytics on the server. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from a host device, a request to generate the critique session. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the request includes the multimedia object and the one or more terms associated with the multimedia object. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the request includes a specification of participant users for the critique session. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
generating a session identifier; and transmitting the session identifier to a host device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the session identifier is used by the device to connect to the critique session. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the multimedia object is obtained by one of a host device or a participant device. 13. A server comprising:
a processor, and a memory storing program code, which, when executed on the processor, performs an operation comprising: transmitting a multimedia object for critique and one or more terms associated with the multimedia object to an application executing on a device, wherein the device generates a prompt for the critique including the multimedia object and the one or more terms; receiving, from the device, one or more feedback items in response to the prompt; generating a plurality of analytics associated with the one or more feedback items; and transmitting the plurality of analytics associated with the one or more feedback items. 14. The server of claim 13, wherein the device generates a visualization of the plurality of analytics for presentation on a user interface. 15. The server of claim 13, wherein the multimedia object is one of an image, audio, or video. 16. The server of claim 13, further comprising receiving, from a host device, a request to generate the critique session. 17. The server of claim 16, wherein the request includes the multimedia object and the one or more terms associated with the multimedia object. 18. The server of claim 16, wherein the request includes a specification of participant users for the critique session. 19. The server of claim 16, wherein the operation further comprises:
generating a session identifier; and transmitting the session identifier to a host device. 20. The server of claim 19, wherein the session identifier is used by the device to connect to the critique session. | A system and method for generated nuanced mature data from consensus group evaluation in relative real-time for future use or quantitative analytics. Examples include student progress, business meetings, polling data, coaching sessions, product development, etc. Technologies for generating and managing a critique session include a platform application for receiving a multimedia object and one or more specified terms associated with the multimedia object. The platform application also includes receiving feedback during the critique session regarding the multimedia object and generating analytics based on the feedback. The generated analytics are stored on the server and presented as visualizations on devices connected to the platform application.1. A computer-implemented method for providing a critique session comprising:
transmitting, by a server, a multimedia object for critique and one or more terms associated with the multimedia object to an application executing on a device, wherein the device generates a prompt for the critique including the multimedia object and the one or more terms; receiving, by the server and from the device, one or more feedback items in response to the prompt; generating, by the server, a plurality of analytics associated with the one or more feedback items; and transmitting, by the server, the plurality of analytics associated with the one or more feedback items. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the device generates a visualization of the plurality of analytics for presentation on a user interface. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the multimedia object is one of an image, audio, or video. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more feedback items includes responses associated with the one or more terms. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more feedback items includes chat messages from a user of the device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the plurality of analytics on the server. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, from a host device, a request to generate the critique session. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the request includes the multimedia object and the one or more terms associated with the multimedia object. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the request includes a specification of participant users for the critique session. 10. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
generating a session identifier; and transmitting the session identifier to a host device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the session identifier is used by the device to connect to the critique session. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the multimedia object is obtained by one of a host device or a participant device. 13. A server comprising:
a processor, and a memory storing program code, which, when executed on the processor, performs an operation comprising: transmitting a multimedia object for critique and one or more terms associated with the multimedia object to an application executing on a device, wherein the device generates a prompt for the critique including the multimedia object and the one or more terms; receiving, from the device, one or more feedback items in response to the prompt; generating a plurality of analytics associated with the one or more feedback items; and transmitting the plurality of analytics associated with the one or more feedback items. 14. The server of claim 13, wherein the device generates a visualization of the plurality of analytics for presentation on a user interface. 15. The server of claim 13, wherein the multimedia object is one of an image, audio, or video. 16. The server of claim 13, further comprising receiving, from a host device, a request to generate the critique session. 17. The server of claim 16, wherein the request includes the multimedia object and the one or more terms associated with the multimedia object. 18. The server of claim 16, wherein the request includes a specification of participant users for the critique session. 19. The server of claim 16, wherein the operation further comprises:
generating a session identifier; and transmitting the session identifier to a host device. 20. The server of claim 19, wherein the session identifier is used by the device to connect to the critique session. | 2,800 |
346,495 | 16,804,937 | 2,827 | For Formula I compounds X, Y, R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b and R5 are as defined in the specification. The inventive Formula I compounds are inhibitors of eIF4A and find utility in any number of therapeutic applications, including but not limited to treatment of inflammation and various cancers. | 1. A method for treating an eIF4A dependent condition in a mammal in need thereof comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula (I) 2. The method according to claim 1 wherein X is O. 3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl is 4. The method according to claim 3 wherein
A2 and A4 are N, A1 is CR10 and A3 is CR12, wherein R10 and R12 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9;
A2 is N, A1 is CR10, A3 is CR12 and A4 is CR13, wherein R10, R12 and R13 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9;
A3 is N, A1 is CR10, A2 is CR11 and A4 is CR13, wherein R10, R11 and R13 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9; or
A4 is N, A1 is CR10, A2 is CR11 and A3 is CR12, wherein R10, R11 and R12 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9. 5. The method according to claim 4 wherein A2 is N, A1 is CR10, A3 is CR12 and A4 is CR13, wherein R10, R12 and R13 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9; or
A3 is N, A1 is CR10, A2 is CR11 and A4 is CR13, wherein R10, R11 and R13 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9. 6. The method according to claim 1 wherein R3a, R3b, R4a and R4b independently are H, halogen, C1-C8(alkyl), (C1-C8)haloalkyl, OH, CN, [(C1-C8)alkylene]OR9, [(C1-C8)alkylene]NHR9, [(C1-C8)alkylene]NR9R9, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR9, C(O)NR9R9, C(O)R9, CO2R9, C(S)NH2, S(O)R9, SO2R9, SO2NHR9, SO2NR9R9, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl, wherein R9 is a C1-C8(alkyl) or (C1-C8)haloalkyl, or wherein the two R9's together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached of [(C1-C8)alkylene]NR9R9, C(O)NR9R9 or SO2NR9R9, optionally form a heterocyclyl ring. 7. The method according to claim 1 wherein R3b is [(C1-C8)alkylene]NHR9 or [(C1-C8)alkylene]NR9R9, wherein R9 is C1-C8(alkyl) or (C1-C8)haloalkyl, or wherein the two R9's together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached of [(C1-C8)alkylene]NR9R9 optionally form a heterocyclyl ring. 8. The method according to claim 7 wherein R3b is [(C1-C8)alkylene]NR9R9 and R9 is C1-C8(alkyl). 9. The method according to claim 1 wherein R4b is OH. 10. The method according to claim 1 wherein R5 is OH. 11. The method according to claim 1 wherein R6 and R7 are H or C1-C8(alkyl). 12. The method according to claim 1 wherein R9 is H or C1-C8(alkyl). 13. The method according to claim 1 where the compound is selected from
(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-7-((Dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 147F),
4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-Chloro-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-7-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 198aF),
(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-7-(Azetidin-1-ylmethyl)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 212F),
(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 145F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-8,8a-diol (Cpd. No. 144F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-5a-(4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl)-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-8,8a-diol (Cpd. No. 143F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-5a-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-8,8a-diol (Cpd. No. 142F),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-7-(((2,2-difluoroethyl)amino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 196F),
(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-Cyanophenyl)-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 139F),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-7-((3,3-difluoroazetidin-1-yl)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 207bF),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-7-(morpholinomethyl)-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 152F),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-7-((4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 157bF),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 158bF),
4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-7-((Dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 231F),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-7-((diethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 159bF),
4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-Chloro-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 140F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl)-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 146F),
(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-Cyanophenyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-7-(morpholinomethyl)-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 151F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-(((2,2-difluoroethyl)amino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 197F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-((3,3-difluoroazetidin-1-yl)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 207aF),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-((4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 157cF),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-((3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 153F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-((diethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 159cF),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 158cF),
Rac-4-((4bR,5R,6R,7S,7aR)-4b-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-5-(morpholino-methyl)-7-phenyl-4b,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridin-7a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 180F),
Rac-4-((4bR,5R,6R,7S,7aR)-5-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4b-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-7-phenyl-4b,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridin-7a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 206F),
4-((4bS,5R,6S,7S,7aR)-6-((Dimethylamino)methyl)-4b,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-7-phenyl-4b,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridin-7a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 66F),
(4bS,5R,6S,7S,7aR)-7a-(4-Chlorophenyl)-6-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-methoxy-7-phenyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4bH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridine-4b,5-diol (Cpd. No. 272F),
(4bS,5R,6S,7S,7aR)-7a-(4-(Difluoromethyl)phenyl)-6-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-methoxy-7-phenyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4bH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridine-4b,5-diol (Cpd. No. 106F), and
(4bS,5R,6S,7S,7aR)-6-((Dimethylamino)methyl)-4-methoxy-7-phenyl-7a-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4bH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridine-4b,5-diol (Cpd. No. 107F),
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 14. The method according to claim 1 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation and/or survival, or is a disease of inappropriate cellular inflammatory responses. 15. The method according to claim 1 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation and/or survival. 16. The method according to claim 15 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is cancer. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is a solid tumor, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, thyroid cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, brain cancer, malignant glioma, fibrotic diseases, glioblastoma, hepatocellular cancers, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, melanoma, multiple melanoma, myeloma, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, renal cancer, cervical cancer, urothelial cancer, prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkins lymphoma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Fragile X Syndrome and autism disorders. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is hepatocellular cancers, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, triple-negative breast cancer and colorectal cancer. | For Formula I compounds X, Y, R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b and R5 are as defined in the specification. The inventive Formula I compounds are inhibitors of eIF4A and find utility in any number of therapeutic applications, including but not limited to treatment of inflammation and various cancers.1. A method for treating an eIF4A dependent condition in a mammal in need thereof comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula (I) 2. The method according to claim 1 wherein X is O. 3. The method according to claim 1 wherein the 6-membered aryl or heteroaryl is 4. The method according to claim 3 wherein
A2 and A4 are N, A1 is CR10 and A3 is CR12, wherein R10 and R12 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9;
A2 is N, A1 is CR10, A3 is CR12 and A4 is CR13, wherein R10, R12 and R13 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9;
A3 is N, A1 is CR10, A2 is CR11 and A4 is CR13, wherein R10, R11 and R13 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9; or
A4 is N, A1 is CR10, A2 is CR11 and A3 is CR12, wherein R10, R11 and R12 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9. 5. The method according to claim 4 wherein A2 is N, A1 is CR10, A3 is CR12 and A4 is CR13, wherein R10, R12 and R13 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9; or
A3 is N, A1 is CR10, A2 is CR11 and A4 is CR13, wherein R10, R11 and R13 independently are H, CN, halogen or OR9. 6. The method according to claim 1 wherein R3a, R3b, R4a and R4b independently are H, halogen, C1-C8(alkyl), (C1-C8)haloalkyl, OH, CN, [(C1-C8)alkylene]OR9, [(C1-C8)alkylene]NHR9, [(C1-C8)alkylene]NR9R9, C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR9, C(O)NR9R9, C(O)R9, CO2R9, C(S)NH2, S(O)R9, SO2R9, SO2NHR9, SO2NR9R9, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl, wherein R9 is a C1-C8(alkyl) or (C1-C8)haloalkyl, or wherein the two R9's together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached of [(C1-C8)alkylene]NR9R9, C(O)NR9R9 or SO2NR9R9, optionally form a heterocyclyl ring. 7. The method according to claim 1 wherein R3b is [(C1-C8)alkylene]NHR9 or [(C1-C8)alkylene]NR9R9, wherein R9 is C1-C8(alkyl) or (C1-C8)haloalkyl, or wherein the two R9's together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached of [(C1-C8)alkylene]NR9R9 optionally form a heterocyclyl ring. 8. The method according to claim 7 wherein R3b is [(C1-C8)alkylene]NR9R9 and R9 is C1-C8(alkyl). 9. The method according to claim 1 wherein R4b is OH. 10. The method according to claim 1 wherein R5 is OH. 11. The method according to claim 1 wherein R6 and R7 are H or C1-C8(alkyl). 12. The method according to claim 1 wherein R9 is H or C1-C8(alkyl). 13. The method according to claim 1 where the compound is selected from
(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-7-((Dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 147F),
4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-Chloro-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-7-((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 198aF),
(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-7-(Azetidin-1-ylmethyl)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 212F),
(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-Chlorophenyl)-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 145F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-8,8a-diol (Cpd. No. 144F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-5a-(4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl)-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-8,8a-diol (Cpd. No. 143F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-5a-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-8,8a-diol (Cpd. No. 142F),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-7-(((2,2-difluoroethyl)amino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 196F),
(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-Cyanophenyl)-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 139F),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-7-((3,3-difluoroazetidin-1-yl)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 207bF),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-7-(morpholinomethyl)-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 152F),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-7-((4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 157bF),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 158bF),
4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-7-((Dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1,3-dimethoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 231F),
Rac-4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-chloro-7-((diethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 159bF),
4-((5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-3-Chloro-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 140F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-(difluoromethyl)phenyl)-7-((dimethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 146F),
(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-Cyanophenyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-7-(morpholinomethyl)-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 151F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-(((2,2-difluoroethyl)amino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 197F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-((3,3-difluoroazetidin-1-yl)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 207aF),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-((4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 157cF),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-((3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 153F),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-7-((diethylamino)methyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 159cF),
Rac-(5aR,6S,7S,8R,8aS)-5a-(4-cyanophenyl)-8,8a-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-6-phenyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-5a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6H-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cpd. No. 158cF),
Rac-4-((4bR,5R,6R,7S,7aR)-4b-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-5-(morpholino-methyl)-7-phenyl-4b,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridin-7a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 180F),
Rac-4-((4bR,5R,6R,7S,7aR)-5-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4b-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxy-7-phenyl-4b,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridin-7a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 206F),
4-((4bS,5R,6S,7S,7aR)-6-((Dimethylamino)methyl)-4b,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-7-phenyl-4b,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7aH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridin-7a-yl)benzonitrile (Cpd. No. 66F),
(4bS,5R,6S,7S,7aR)-7a-(4-Chlorophenyl)-6-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-methoxy-7-phenyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4bH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridine-4b,5-diol (Cpd. No. 272F),
(4bS,5R,6S,7S,7aR)-7a-(4-(Difluoromethyl)phenyl)-6-((dimethylamino)methyl)-4-methoxy-7-phenyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4bH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridine-4b,5-diol (Cpd. No. 106F), and
(4bS,5R,6S,7S,7aR)-6-((Dimethylamino)methyl)-4-methoxy-7-phenyl-7a-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4bH-cyclopenta[4,5]furo[2,3-c]pyridine-4b,5-diol (Cpd. No. 107F),
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 14. The method according to claim 1 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation and/or survival, or is a disease of inappropriate cellular inflammatory responses. 15. The method according to claim 1 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation and/or survival. 16. The method according to claim 15 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is cancer. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is a solid tumor, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, thyroid cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, brain cancer, malignant glioma, fibrotic diseases, glioblastoma, hepatocellular cancers, thyroid cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, melanoma, multiple melanoma, myeloma, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, renal cancer, cervical cancer, urothelial cancer, prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkins lymphoma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Fragile X Syndrome and autism disorders. 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is hepatocellular cancers, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. 19. The method of claim 17 wherein the eIF4A dependent condition is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, triple-negative breast cancer and colorectal cancer. | 2,800 |
346,496 | 16,804,974 | 2,827 | A surface-mount type micro fuse has a fusible element provided in a housing. The fusible element has a fusible body and two intermediary portions connected to both ends of the fusing portion. Two gaps are formed respectively between the fusible body and the intermediary portions. When the fusible element is blown out due to the transient abnormal current, the gaps between the intermediary portions cause a large distance instantaneously to prevent the arc. Then effectively ensure the safety of the use of the overall circuit. | 1. A surface-mount type micro fuse comprising:
a housing having an inner space; a fusible element mounted in the housing and having
a fusible body mounted in the inner space of the housing and having
two ends, and each end having a first segment and two second segments; and
a middle part connecting the first segments of the ends and being thinner than the first segments;
two conductive portions extending out of the housing; and
two intermediary portions formed respectively between the conductive portions and the fusible body, wherein a gap is formed between the first segment of each end of the fusible body and a corresponding intermediary portion, and each second segment of the fusible body connects to the corresponding intermediary portion, and the gap is coaxial with the middle part of the fusible body; and
a first encapsulant made of flame retardant material, filled in the inner space of the housing, and covering the fusible body and at least part of the intermediary portions of the fusible element. 2. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two second segments respectively disposed on two sides of the first segment on the same end. 3. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the housing has
an annular wall disposed around the inner space and having two end walls opposite to each other; and
an opening formed on the housing and communicating with the inner space; and
the conductive portions extends out of the housing from the opening and are respectively attached to the end walls of the housing. 4. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the housing has
an annular wall disposed around the inner space and having two end walls opposite to each other; and
an opening formed on the housing and communicating with the inner space; and
the conductive portions extends out of the housing from the opening and are respectively attached to the end walls of the housing. 5. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 3 further comprising a second encapsulant made of heat resistance material and sealing the opening of the housing, wherein the second encapsulant and the first encapsulant are made of different materials. 6. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 4 further comprising a second encapsulant made of heat resistance material and sealing the opening of the housing, wherein the second encapsulant and the first encapsulant are made of different materials. 7. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 3, wherein the intermediary portions are not parallel to the end walls of the housing, so that the fusible body is distant from the opening of the housing. 8. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 4, wherein the intermediary portions are not parallel to the end walls of the housing, so that the fusible body is distant from the opening of the housing. 9. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first encapsulant is made of a quartz sand, an explosion-proof sand, or a mixture of a flame retardant and an epoxy resin. 10. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first encapsulant is made of quartz sand, explosion-proof sand, or a mixture of a flame retardant and an epoxy resin. 11. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 9, wherein the flame retardant is melamine, magnesium hydroxide, or aluminum hydroxide. 12. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 10, wherein the flame retardant is melamine, magnesium hydroxide, or aluminum hydroxide. 13. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second encapsulant is made of silicone or polyimide. 14. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 6, wherein the second encapsulant is made of silicone or polyimide. 15. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a metal layer plated on the fusible element, wherein a melting point of the metal layer is lower than a melting point of the fusible element. 16. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 2 further comprising a metal layer plated on the fusible element, wherein a melting point of the metal layer is lower than a melting point of the fusible element. 17. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the fusible body of the fusible element is made of a first material; the intermediary portions and the conductive portions of the fusible element are made of a second material; and the first material is different to the second material. 18. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the fusible body of the fusible element is made of a first material; the intermediary portions and the conductive portions of the fusible element are made of a second material; and the first material is different to the second material. | A surface-mount type micro fuse has a fusible element provided in a housing. The fusible element has a fusible body and two intermediary portions connected to both ends of the fusing portion. Two gaps are formed respectively between the fusible body and the intermediary portions. When the fusible element is blown out due to the transient abnormal current, the gaps between the intermediary portions cause a large distance instantaneously to prevent the arc. Then effectively ensure the safety of the use of the overall circuit.1. A surface-mount type micro fuse comprising:
a housing having an inner space; a fusible element mounted in the housing and having
a fusible body mounted in the inner space of the housing and having
two ends, and each end having a first segment and two second segments; and
a middle part connecting the first segments of the ends and being thinner than the first segments;
two conductive portions extending out of the housing; and
two intermediary portions formed respectively between the conductive portions and the fusible body, wherein a gap is formed between the first segment of each end of the fusible body and a corresponding intermediary portion, and each second segment of the fusible body connects to the corresponding intermediary portion, and the gap is coaxial with the middle part of the fusible body; and
a first encapsulant made of flame retardant material, filled in the inner space of the housing, and covering the fusible body and at least part of the intermediary portions of the fusible element. 2. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two second segments respectively disposed on two sides of the first segment on the same end. 3. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the housing has
an annular wall disposed around the inner space and having two end walls opposite to each other; and
an opening formed on the housing and communicating with the inner space; and
the conductive portions extends out of the housing from the opening and are respectively attached to the end walls of the housing. 4. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the housing has
an annular wall disposed around the inner space and having two end walls opposite to each other; and
an opening formed on the housing and communicating with the inner space; and
the conductive portions extends out of the housing from the opening and are respectively attached to the end walls of the housing. 5. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 3 further comprising a second encapsulant made of heat resistance material and sealing the opening of the housing, wherein the second encapsulant and the first encapsulant are made of different materials. 6. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 4 further comprising a second encapsulant made of heat resistance material and sealing the opening of the housing, wherein the second encapsulant and the first encapsulant are made of different materials. 7. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 3, wherein the intermediary portions are not parallel to the end walls of the housing, so that the fusible body is distant from the opening of the housing. 8. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 4, wherein the intermediary portions are not parallel to the end walls of the housing, so that the fusible body is distant from the opening of the housing. 9. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first encapsulant is made of a quartz sand, an explosion-proof sand, or a mixture of a flame retardant and an epoxy resin. 10. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 2, wherein the first encapsulant is made of quartz sand, explosion-proof sand, or a mixture of a flame retardant and an epoxy resin. 11. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 9, wherein the flame retardant is melamine, magnesium hydroxide, or aluminum hydroxide. 12. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 10, wherein the flame retardant is melamine, magnesium hydroxide, or aluminum hydroxide. 13. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second encapsulant is made of silicone or polyimide. 14. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 6, wherein the second encapsulant is made of silicone or polyimide. 15. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a metal layer plated on the fusible element, wherein a melting point of the metal layer is lower than a melting point of the fusible element. 16. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 2 further comprising a metal layer plated on the fusible element, wherein a melting point of the metal layer is lower than a melting point of the fusible element. 17. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the fusible body of the fusible element is made of a first material; the intermediary portions and the conductive portions of the fusible element are made of a second material; and the first material is different to the second material. 18. The micro fuse as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the fusible body of the fusible element is made of a first material; the intermediary portions and the conductive portions of the fusible element are made of a second material; and the first material is different to the second material. | 2,800 |
346,497 | 16,804,940 | 2,112 | A memory system includes a nonvolatile memory and a memory controller. The nonvolatile memory has data encoded with an error correction code stored therein. The memory controller reads data from the nonvolatile memory, calculates likelihood information from the read data and an LLR table for calculating the likelihood information, determines a parameter for a decoding process of the read data based on the likelihood information, executes the decoding process based on the determined parameter, and outputs a decoding result obtained by the decoding process. | 1. A memory system comprising:
a nonvolatile memory in which data encoded with an error correction code are stored; and a memory controller configured to:
read data from the nonvolatile memory,
calculate likelihood information from the read data and a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) table for calculating the likelihood information,
determine a parameter for a decoding process of the read data based on the likelihood information,
execute the decoding process based on the determined parameter, and
output a decoding result obtained by the decoding process. 2. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the parameter comprises a range of symbols to be inverted in the read data, and the memory controller executes the decoding process based on data obtained by inverting a predetermined number of symbols among the range of symbols. 3. The memory system according to claim 2, wherein
the memory controller determines the range of symbols based on a percentage of the number of symbols whose absolute value of the likelihood information is equal to or less than a threshold to a total number of symbols included in the read data. 4. The memory system according to claim 3, wherein
the memory controller determines the range of symbols to be a larger value as the percentage increases. 5. The memory system according to claim 3, wherein
the memory controller determines, as the range of symbols, a value based on a product of a code length of the error correction code and the percentage. 6. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
the memory controller calculates a correction value based on a standard deviation of the number of symbols whose absolute value of the likelihood information is equal to or less than the threshold, and determines a value obtained by correcting the product with the correction value as the range. 7. The memory system according to claim 6, wherein
the memory controller determines the range to be a larger value as the correction value increases. 8. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the memory controller creates the LLR table based on the read data and the decoding result and converts the read data into the likelihood information using the LLR table. 9. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the error correction code is a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code or a Reed-Solomon (RS) code. 10. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the error correction code is a product code, and each of a component code in a row direction and a component code in a column direction constituting the product code is a BCH code or an RS code. 11. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the decoding process employs ordered statistics decoding (OSD). 12. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the decoding process employs Chase decoding. 13. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
in the decoding process, at least one of OSD and Chase decoding is repeatedly executed. 14. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the memory controller creates an LLR table based on the decoding result and converts the read data into the likelihood information using the created LLR table, when the decoding process fails to decode the read data. 15. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the decoding process comprises a soft decoding process. 16. A memory system comprising:
a nonvolatile memory in which data encoded with an error correction code are stored; and a memory controller configured to
read data from the nonvolatile memory,
calculate likelihood information from the read data and a first log-likelihood ratio (LLR) table for calculating the likelihood information,
determine a parameter for a decoding process of the read data based on the likelihood information,
execute the decoding process based on the determined parameter,
if the decoding process is successful, notify a decoding success and output a decoding result obtained by the decoding process, and
if the decoding process is unsuccessful, create an estimated LLR table as a second LLR table from information obtained from the unsuccessful decoding process and the first LLR table, and designate the second LLR table for future decoding processes. 17. The memory system of claim 16, wherein the estimated LLR table is created using a frequency of each (ks, y) pair of estimated decoded sequence ks and received read data sequence y. 18. The memory system of claim 16, wherein
if the decoding process is unsuccessful, an estimated LLR table is created up to M times consecutively, M being a positive integer greater than one, and if the decoding process is still unsuccessful up to creation of the M-th LLR table, a decoding failure is output. 19. The memory system according to claim 16, wherein the decoding process comprises a soft decoding process. 20. The memory system according to claim 16, wherein
the parameter comprises a range of symbols to be inverted in the read data, and the memory controller executes the decoding process based on data obtained by inverting a predetermined number of symbols among the range of symbols. | A memory system includes a nonvolatile memory and a memory controller. The nonvolatile memory has data encoded with an error correction code stored therein. The memory controller reads data from the nonvolatile memory, calculates likelihood information from the read data and an LLR table for calculating the likelihood information, determines a parameter for a decoding process of the read data based on the likelihood information, executes the decoding process based on the determined parameter, and outputs a decoding result obtained by the decoding process.1. A memory system comprising:
a nonvolatile memory in which data encoded with an error correction code are stored; and a memory controller configured to:
read data from the nonvolatile memory,
calculate likelihood information from the read data and a log-likelihood ratio (LLR) table for calculating the likelihood information,
determine a parameter for a decoding process of the read data based on the likelihood information,
execute the decoding process based on the determined parameter, and
output a decoding result obtained by the decoding process. 2. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the parameter comprises a range of symbols to be inverted in the read data, and the memory controller executes the decoding process based on data obtained by inverting a predetermined number of symbols among the range of symbols. 3. The memory system according to claim 2, wherein
the memory controller determines the range of symbols based on a percentage of the number of symbols whose absolute value of the likelihood information is equal to or less than a threshold to a total number of symbols included in the read data. 4. The memory system according to claim 3, wherein
the memory controller determines the range of symbols to be a larger value as the percentage increases. 5. The memory system according to claim 3, wherein
the memory controller determines, as the range of symbols, a value based on a product of a code length of the error correction code and the percentage. 6. The memory system according to claim 5, wherein
the memory controller calculates a correction value based on a standard deviation of the number of symbols whose absolute value of the likelihood information is equal to or less than the threshold, and determines a value obtained by correcting the product with the correction value as the range. 7. The memory system according to claim 6, wherein
the memory controller determines the range to be a larger value as the correction value increases. 8. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the memory controller creates the LLR table based on the read data and the decoding result and converts the read data into the likelihood information using the LLR table. 9. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the error correction code is a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) code or a Reed-Solomon (RS) code. 10. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the error correction code is a product code, and each of a component code in a row direction and a component code in a column direction constituting the product code is a BCH code or an RS code. 11. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the decoding process employs ordered statistics decoding (OSD). 12. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the decoding process employs Chase decoding. 13. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
in the decoding process, at least one of OSD and Chase decoding is repeatedly executed. 14. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the memory controller creates an LLR table based on the decoding result and converts the read data into the likelihood information using the created LLR table, when the decoding process fails to decode the read data. 15. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein
the decoding process comprises a soft decoding process. 16. A memory system comprising:
a nonvolatile memory in which data encoded with an error correction code are stored; and a memory controller configured to
read data from the nonvolatile memory,
calculate likelihood information from the read data and a first log-likelihood ratio (LLR) table for calculating the likelihood information,
determine a parameter for a decoding process of the read data based on the likelihood information,
execute the decoding process based on the determined parameter,
if the decoding process is successful, notify a decoding success and output a decoding result obtained by the decoding process, and
if the decoding process is unsuccessful, create an estimated LLR table as a second LLR table from information obtained from the unsuccessful decoding process and the first LLR table, and designate the second LLR table for future decoding processes. 17. The memory system of claim 16, wherein the estimated LLR table is created using a frequency of each (ks, y) pair of estimated decoded sequence ks and received read data sequence y. 18. The memory system of claim 16, wherein
if the decoding process is unsuccessful, an estimated LLR table is created up to M times consecutively, M being a positive integer greater than one, and if the decoding process is still unsuccessful up to creation of the M-th LLR table, a decoding failure is output. 19. The memory system according to claim 16, wherein the decoding process comprises a soft decoding process. 20. The memory system according to claim 16, wherein
the parameter comprises a range of symbols to be inverted in the read data, and the memory controller executes the decoding process based on data obtained by inverting a predetermined number of symbols among the range of symbols. | 2,100 |
346,498 | 16,804,944 | 2,112 | A copolymer composition is disclosed with advantages for textile fibers, yarns, blended yarns, fabrics, and garments. The composition includes polyester copolymer, between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer, and between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer. | 1. A composition with advantages for textile fibers, and consisting essentially of a melt of:
polyester precursors selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, and ethylene glycol; between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer; between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer; between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer; and said melt being maintained at a temperature of between about 265° C. and 280° C., and at an intrinsic viscosity of between about 0.58 and 0.82. 2. A melt according to claim 1 further comprising diethylene glycol in an amount of between about 1.4 and 3 percent based on the amount of polyester copolymer. 3. A polymerized melt according to claim 1 at an intrinsic viscosity of 0.72. 4. A polyester copolymer filament made from the melt of claim 1. 5. A dyed yarn formed of a blend of: cotton fibers; and staple fibers cut from a textured filament made from the filament of claim 3. 6. A melt according to claim 1 wherein:
said pentaerythritol is present in an amount of about 700 ppm based upon the amount of copolymer; and
said adipic acid is present in an amount of about 10 percent based upon the amount of copolymer. 7. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said polyethylene glycol is present in an amount of about 3.8 percent based upon the amount of copolymer. 8. A composition according to claim 7 wherein said polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 400 grams per mole. 9. A textile fabric that comprises: spandex; and a polyester copolymer filament according to claim 4. 10. A dyed knitted fabric according to claim 9. 11. A dyed woven fabric according to claim 10. 12. A melt composition, a 1305 gram (g) portion of which consists essentially of:
772 g of terephthalic acid; 391 g of ethylene glycol; 0.3 g of antimony oxide; 0.09 g of cobalt acetate; 0.2 g of optical brightener; 38 g of polyethylene glycol; 100 g of adipic acid; and 1 g of pentaerythritol, expressed to a maximum of four significant figures. 13. A melt composition according to claim 12, but in which the pentaerythritol is reduced to 0.7 g. 14. A melt composition according to claim 12, but in which the pentaerythritol is reduced to 0.5 g. 15. A melt composition according to claim 12.1, but in which the polyethylene glycol is reduced to 30 g. 16. A melt composition according to claim 12 maintained at a temperature of between about 265° C. and 280° C., and at an intrinsic viscosity of between about 0.58 and 0.82. 17. A melt composition according to claim 12 maintained at an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.72. 18. A polyester copolymer filament made from the melt of claim 12. 19. A dyed yarn formed of a blend of: cotton fibers; and staple fibers cut from a textured filament made from the filament of claim 18. 20. A textile fabric that comprises: spandex; and a polyester copolymer filament according to claim 18. | A copolymer composition is disclosed with advantages for textile fibers, yarns, blended yarns, fabrics, and garments. The composition includes polyester copolymer, between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer, between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer, and between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer.1. A composition with advantages for textile fibers, and consisting essentially of a melt of:
polyester precursors selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, and ethylene glycol; between about 9.5 and 10.5 percent adipic acid based on the amount of copolymer; between about 630 and 770 parts per million (ppm) of pentaerythritol based on the amount of copolymer; between about 3.4 and 4.2 percent polyethylene glycol based on the amount of copolymer; and said melt being maintained at a temperature of between about 265° C. and 280° C., and at an intrinsic viscosity of between about 0.58 and 0.82. 2. A melt according to claim 1 further comprising diethylene glycol in an amount of between about 1.4 and 3 percent based on the amount of polyester copolymer. 3. A polymerized melt according to claim 1 at an intrinsic viscosity of 0.72. 4. A polyester copolymer filament made from the melt of claim 1. 5. A dyed yarn formed of a blend of: cotton fibers; and staple fibers cut from a textured filament made from the filament of claim 3. 6. A melt according to claim 1 wherein:
said pentaerythritol is present in an amount of about 700 ppm based upon the amount of copolymer; and
said adipic acid is present in an amount of about 10 percent based upon the amount of copolymer. 7. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said polyethylene glycol is present in an amount of about 3.8 percent based upon the amount of copolymer. 8. A composition according to claim 7 wherein said polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of about 400 grams per mole. 9. A textile fabric that comprises: spandex; and a polyester copolymer filament according to claim 4. 10. A dyed knitted fabric according to claim 9. 11. A dyed woven fabric according to claim 10. 12. A melt composition, a 1305 gram (g) portion of which consists essentially of:
772 g of terephthalic acid; 391 g of ethylene glycol; 0.3 g of antimony oxide; 0.09 g of cobalt acetate; 0.2 g of optical brightener; 38 g of polyethylene glycol; 100 g of adipic acid; and 1 g of pentaerythritol, expressed to a maximum of four significant figures. 13. A melt composition according to claim 12, but in which the pentaerythritol is reduced to 0.7 g. 14. A melt composition according to claim 12, but in which the pentaerythritol is reduced to 0.5 g. 15. A melt composition according to claim 12.1, but in which the polyethylene glycol is reduced to 30 g. 16. A melt composition according to claim 12 maintained at a temperature of between about 265° C. and 280° C., and at an intrinsic viscosity of between about 0.58 and 0.82. 17. A melt composition according to claim 12 maintained at an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.72. 18. A polyester copolymer filament made from the melt of claim 12. 19. A dyed yarn formed of a blend of: cotton fibers; and staple fibers cut from a textured filament made from the filament of claim 18. 20. A textile fabric that comprises: spandex; and a polyester copolymer filament according to claim 18. | 2,100 |
346,499 | 16,804,924 | 2,112 | The present invention is based in part on the discovery of significant improvements to cell culture systems and methods of generating organoids. The system of the invention provides a novel spinning bioreactor platform for higher-throughput 3D culturing of stem cells (e.g., human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs)). The system can be widely used as a standard platform to generate stem cell-derived human organoids for any tissue and for high-throughput drug screenings, toxicity testing, and modeling normal human organ development and diseases. | 1. A cell culture system, comprising:
a) a multiwell culture plate, the plate comprising:
i) a base substrate having a plurality of culture wells; and
ii) a shaft operably associated with each culture well, each shaft being configured to mix media present in each culture well and having a gear adapted to operably associate with a gear on a shaft associated with an adjacent culture well; and
b) a motor having a drive shaft in operable communication with the shaft gears, wherein rotation of the drive shaft causes rotation of each shaft and mixing of the media in each culture well. 2. A method of cell culture comprising:
a) providing a cell culture system according to claim 1; and b) culturing a cell in a culture well in culture media under conditions suitable for cell culture, wherein the conditions comprise mixing of the cell culture via actuation of the motor, thereby culturing the cell. 3. The method of cell culture of claim 2, wherein the culture media is mixed at a speed suitable to suspend cells within the culture wells. 4. The method of cell culture of claim 3, wherein the culture media is mixed at a shaft speed of between about 30-125 RPM. 5. The method of cell culture of claim 2, wherein the cell is a stem cell. 6. The method of cell culture of claim 5, wherein the cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) or an embryonic stem cell (ESC). 7. The method of cell culture of claim 2, further comprising introducing a biological agent into the culture media and detecting a cellular response. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the biological agent is a virus. 9. The method of cell culture of claim 2, further comprising introducing an agent into the culture media that promotes cellular differentiation. 10. A method of producing organoids comprising:
a) providing a cell culture system according to claim 1; b) culturing a cell in a culture well in culture media under conditions suitable for cell culture, wherein the conditions comprise mixing of the cell culture via actuation of the motor; and c) optionally harvesting organoids from the culture well; 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the culture media is mixed at a speed suitable to suspend cells within the culture well. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the culture media is mixed at a shaft speed of between about 30-125 RPM. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the cell is a stem cell. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) or an embryonic stem cell (ESC). 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the organoids comprise brain tissue or brain tissue precursors. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the brain tissue or precursors are related to cerebral cortex, midbrain or hypothalamus tissue. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the brain tissue or precursors are forebrain-specific organoids. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising introducing a biological agent into the culture media and detecting a cellular response. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the biological agent is a virus. 20. The method of claim 10, further comprising introducing an agent into the culture media that promotes cellular differentiation. | The present invention is based in part on the discovery of significant improvements to cell culture systems and methods of generating organoids. The system of the invention provides a novel spinning bioreactor platform for higher-throughput 3D culturing of stem cells (e.g., human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs)). The system can be widely used as a standard platform to generate stem cell-derived human organoids for any tissue and for high-throughput drug screenings, toxicity testing, and modeling normal human organ development and diseases.1. A cell culture system, comprising:
a) a multiwell culture plate, the plate comprising:
i) a base substrate having a plurality of culture wells; and
ii) a shaft operably associated with each culture well, each shaft being configured to mix media present in each culture well and having a gear adapted to operably associate with a gear on a shaft associated with an adjacent culture well; and
b) a motor having a drive shaft in operable communication with the shaft gears, wherein rotation of the drive shaft causes rotation of each shaft and mixing of the media in each culture well. 2. A method of cell culture comprising:
a) providing a cell culture system according to claim 1; and b) culturing a cell in a culture well in culture media under conditions suitable for cell culture, wherein the conditions comprise mixing of the cell culture via actuation of the motor, thereby culturing the cell. 3. The method of cell culture of claim 2, wherein the culture media is mixed at a speed suitable to suspend cells within the culture wells. 4. The method of cell culture of claim 3, wherein the culture media is mixed at a shaft speed of between about 30-125 RPM. 5. The method of cell culture of claim 2, wherein the cell is a stem cell. 6. The method of cell culture of claim 5, wherein the cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) or an embryonic stem cell (ESC). 7. The method of cell culture of claim 2, further comprising introducing a biological agent into the culture media and detecting a cellular response. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the biological agent is a virus. 9. The method of cell culture of claim 2, further comprising introducing an agent into the culture media that promotes cellular differentiation. 10. A method of producing organoids comprising:
a) providing a cell culture system according to claim 1; b) culturing a cell in a culture well in culture media under conditions suitable for cell culture, wherein the conditions comprise mixing of the cell culture via actuation of the motor; and c) optionally harvesting organoids from the culture well; 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the culture media is mixed at a speed suitable to suspend cells within the culture well. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the culture media is mixed at a shaft speed of between about 30-125 RPM. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the cell is a stem cell. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) or an embryonic stem cell (ESC). 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the organoids comprise brain tissue or brain tissue precursors. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the brain tissue or precursors are related to cerebral cortex, midbrain or hypothalamus tissue. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the brain tissue or precursors are forebrain-specific organoids. 18. The method of claim 10, further comprising introducing a biological agent into the culture media and detecting a cellular response. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the biological agent is a virus. 20. The method of claim 10, further comprising introducing an agent into the culture media that promotes cellular differentiation. | 2,100 |
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