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346,200 | 16,804,628 | 3,715 | Play of a videogame may be conducted using one or more physical object detection devices as the sole form of game controller(s), or in conjunction with game controllers. Detection of physical objects by the detection devices may be used to determine structures in a virtual world of game play. The detection devices may include radio frequency identification (RFID) readers or voltage or current sensors. The physical objects may include RFID tags or one or more resistors. | 1.-7. (canceled) 8. A method for providing for aspects of videogame play, comprising:
reading information from a plurality of physical objects on a detection device, the detection device including at least one radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, at least some of the physical objects including RFID tags; determining a set of structures identified by the information; determining a relative arrangement of structures of the set of structures; placing the structures arranged in the relative arrangement in a predefined area of a virtual world of videogame play; and determining actions of virtual characters in the virtual world. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the relative arrangement of the structures is based on a relative arrangement of the structures on the detection device. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the relative arrangement of the structures is based on the set of structures identified by the information. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the predefined area of the virtual world is a base area for a first game player, and at least one of the virtual characters is a virtual character controlled by the game player. 12. A method for providing for aspects of videogame play, comprising:
reading information sequentially over time from a first plurality of physical objects on a first detection device; determining an action of a virtual character in a virtual world of videogame play based on the sequence of information read. | Play of a videogame may be conducted using one or more physical object detection devices as the sole form of game controller(s), or in conjunction with game controllers. Detection of physical objects by the detection devices may be used to determine structures in a virtual world of game play. The detection devices may include radio frequency identification (RFID) readers or voltage or current sensors. The physical objects may include RFID tags or one or more resistors.1.-7. (canceled) 8. A method for providing for aspects of videogame play, comprising:
reading information from a plurality of physical objects on a detection device, the detection device including at least one radio frequency identification (RFID) reader, at least some of the physical objects including RFID tags; determining a set of structures identified by the information; determining a relative arrangement of structures of the set of structures; placing the structures arranged in the relative arrangement in a predefined area of a virtual world of videogame play; and determining actions of virtual characters in the virtual world. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the relative arrangement of the structures is based on a relative arrangement of the structures on the detection device. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the relative arrangement of the structures is based on the set of structures identified by the information. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the predefined area of the virtual world is a base area for a first game player, and at least one of the virtual characters is a virtual character controlled by the game player. 12. A method for providing for aspects of videogame play, comprising:
reading information sequentially over time from a first plurality of physical objects on a first detection device; determining an action of a virtual character in a virtual world of videogame play based on the sequence of information read. | 3,700 |
346,201 | 16,804,622 | 3,715 | A pump cassette comprising an outer flexible membrane covering flowpaths, valve chambers and pump chambers of the cassette is designed to be actuated by a control gasket on a base unit arranged to move designated valve and pump portions of the cassette membrane. The performance of a cassette valve may improved by optimizing the configuration of the valve control region of the control gasket overlying the cassette valve. This may improve both fluid flow through the valve and reduce the amount of vibratory noise associated with opening the valve. The gasket valve control or actuation region is at least partially bounded by a vacuum channel facing the outside of the gasket so that a constant vacuum can be applied between the gasket valve control or actuation region and the adjacent portion of the cassette membrane. An improved version of the vacuum channel comprises a flexible inner wall (contiguous with the valve control region) so that the inner wall flexes or partially collapses away from the cassette valve seat, while still maintaining patency of the vacuum channel during the application of negative pressure on the gasket valve actuation region to open the cassette valve. | 1. A method of opening or closing a pump cassette membrane valve comprising a flexible membrane overlying a valve seat of the pump cassette and using an elastomeric valve control region of a gasket placed between the flexible membrane of the pump cassette and a pressure delivery block, the method comprising:
pulling the flexible membrane toward the gasket by applying a first negative pressure from the pressure delivery block through a vacuum port in the gasket to an outer side of the gasket valve control region facing the cassette membrane via a vacuum channel located along a periphery of the valve control region and open to the outer side of the gasket valve control region; applying a second negative pressure from the pressure delivery block to an inner side of the gasket valve control region facing the pressure delivery block to open the membrane valve; flexing an inner wall of the vacuum channel toward the pressure delivery block and away from pump cassette valve seat to increase a distance between the flexible membrane and the valve seat, the inner wall being contiguous with the valve control region of the gasket; and limiting the flexion of an outer wall of the vacuum channel to maintain patency of the vacuum channel during the opening of the membrane valve so that the first negative pressure applied to the outer side of the gasket valve control region is uninterrupted. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the first and second negative pressure comprises applying negative pneumatic pressure. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the first negative pressure comprises delivering the first negative pressure via the vacuum channel circumferentially around the valve control region. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising closing the pump cassette membrane valve by applying positive pressure via the pressure delivery block to the inner side of the gasket valve control region against a raised wall of the valve seat surrounding an orifice of the pump cassette membrane valve. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the valve control region applying pressure against the valve seat when the first side of the valve control region is exposed to atmospheric or ambient pressure. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising closing the membrane valve when the pump cassette is placed against the pressure delivery block. | A pump cassette comprising an outer flexible membrane covering flowpaths, valve chambers and pump chambers of the cassette is designed to be actuated by a control gasket on a base unit arranged to move designated valve and pump portions of the cassette membrane. The performance of a cassette valve may improved by optimizing the configuration of the valve control region of the control gasket overlying the cassette valve. This may improve both fluid flow through the valve and reduce the amount of vibratory noise associated with opening the valve. The gasket valve control or actuation region is at least partially bounded by a vacuum channel facing the outside of the gasket so that a constant vacuum can be applied between the gasket valve control or actuation region and the adjacent portion of the cassette membrane. An improved version of the vacuum channel comprises a flexible inner wall (contiguous with the valve control region) so that the inner wall flexes or partially collapses away from the cassette valve seat, while still maintaining patency of the vacuum channel during the application of negative pressure on the gasket valve actuation region to open the cassette valve.1. A method of opening or closing a pump cassette membrane valve comprising a flexible membrane overlying a valve seat of the pump cassette and using an elastomeric valve control region of a gasket placed between the flexible membrane of the pump cassette and a pressure delivery block, the method comprising:
pulling the flexible membrane toward the gasket by applying a first negative pressure from the pressure delivery block through a vacuum port in the gasket to an outer side of the gasket valve control region facing the cassette membrane via a vacuum channel located along a periphery of the valve control region and open to the outer side of the gasket valve control region; applying a second negative pressure from the pressure delivery block to an inner side of the gasket valve control region facing the pressure delivery block to open the membrane valve; flexing an inner wall of the vacuum channel toward the pressure delivery block and away from pump cassette valve seat to increase a distance between the flexible membrane and the valve seat, the inner wall being contiguous with the valve control region of the gasket; and limiting the flexion of an outer wall of the vacuum channel to maintain patency of the vacuum channel during the opening of the membrane valve so that the first negative pressure applied to the outer side of the gasket valve control region is uninterrupted. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the first and second negative pressure comprises applying negative pneumatic pressure. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the first negative pressure comprises delivering the first negative pressure via the vacuum channel circumferentially around the valve control region. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising closing the pump cassette membrane valve by applying positive pressure via the pressure delivery block to the inner side of the gasket valve control region against a raised wall of the valve seat surrounding an orifice of the pump cassette membrane valve. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the valve control region applying pressure against the valve seat when the first side of the valve control region is exposed to atmospheric or ambient pressure. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising closing the membrane valve when the pump cassette is placed against the pressure delivery block. | 3,700 |
346,202 | 16,804,590 | 3,715 | An apparatus for enrobing a product portion can include at least one polymer spray head adapted to create at least one flow of polymeric fibers to produce at least one polymer enrobing zone and a conveyor system adapted to move at least one product portion from at least one position below at least one polymer enrobing zone and to at least one position above at least one polymer enrobing zone to drop each product portion through one or more polymer enrobing zones a plurality times at different orientations to enrobe each product portion with polymeric fibers. | 1. (canceled) 2. An oral product comprising:
tobacco; and a fiber wrap surrounding the tobacco, the fiber wrap being seamless and comprising a plurality of melt-blown fibers, the melt-blown fibers including,
a polymer, and
a colorant configured to increase a hydraulic permittivity of the fiber wrap. 3. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the tobacco includes fibers having an average particle aspect ratio of greater than 3. 4. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the tobacco has a total oven volatiles content ranging from 45% by weight to 65% by weight. 5. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the polymer includes an elastomer. 6. The oral product of claim 5, wherein the elastomer includes polyurethane. 7. The oral product of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the fibers of the plurality of melt-blown fibers have a diameter of less than 100 microns. 8. The oral product of claim 7, wherein the diameter ranges from 0.5 microns to 5 microns. 9. The oral product of claim 8, wherein the diameter ranges from 10 nanometers to 1 micron. 10. The oral product of claim 7, wherein the plurality of melt-blown fibers are non-woven. 11. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the polymer is hydrophilic. 12. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the polymer is mouth-stable. 13. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the fiber wrap further includes a filler, the filler being configured to increase the hydraulic permittivity of the fiber wrap. 14. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the colorant includes a brown colorant. 15. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the polymer is present in an amount less than or equal to 200 mg. 16. An oral product comprising:
non-tobacco cellulosic fibers; and a fiber wrap surrounding the non-tobacco cellulosic fibers, the fiber wrap being seamless and comprising a plurality of melt-blown fibers, the melt-blown fibers including,
a polymer, and
a colorant configured to increase a hydraulic permittivity of the fiber wrap. 17. The oral product of claim 16, wherein the non-tobacco cellulosic fibers have an average particle aspect ratio of greater than 3. 18. The oral product of claim 16, wherein the non-tobacco cellulosic fibers have a total oven volatiles content ranging from 45% by weight to 65% by weight. 19. The oral product of claim 16, wherein the polymer includes an elastomer. 20. The oral product of claim 19, wherein the elastomer includes polyurethane. 21. The oral product of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the fibers of the plurality of melt-blown fibers have a diameter of less than 100 microns. 22. The oral product of claim 16, wherein the non-tobacco cellulosic fibers have a total oven volatiles content ranging from 10% by weight to 20% by weight. 23. The oral product of claim 16, wherein the non-tobacco cellulosic fibers have a total oven volatiles content ranging from 25% by weight to 35% by weight. | An apparatus for enrobing a product portion can include at least one polymer spray head adapted to create at least one flow of polymeric fibers to produce at least one polymer enrobing zone and a conveyor system adapted to move at least one product portion from at least one position below at least one polymer enrobing zone and to at least one position above at least one polymer enrobing zone to drop each product portion through one or more polymer enrobing zones a plurality times at different orientations to enrobe each product portion with polymeric fibers.1. (canceled) 2. An oral product comprising:
tobacco; and a fiber wrap surrounding the tobacco, the fiber wrap being seamless and comprising a plurality of melt-blown fibers, the melt-blown fibers including,
a polymer, and
a colorant configured to increase a hydraulic permittivity of the fiber wrap. 3. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the tobacco includes fibers having an average particle aspect ratio of greater than 3. 4. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the tobacco has a total oven volatiles content ranging from 45% by weight to 65% by weight. 5. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the polymer includes an elastomer. 6. The oral product of claim 5, wherein the elastomer includes polyurethane. 7. The oral product of claim 2, wherein at least a portion of the fibers of the plurality of melt-blown fibers have a diameter of less than 100 microns. 8. The oral product of claim 7, wherein the diameter ranges from 0.5 microns to 5 microns. 9. The oral product of claim 8, wherein the diameter ranges from 10 nanometers to 1 micron. 10. The oral product of claim 7, wherein the plurality of melt-blown fibers are non-woven. 11. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the polymer is hydrophilic. 12. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the polymer is mouth-stable. 13. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the fiber wrap further includes a filler, the filler being configured to increase the hydraulic permittivity of the fiber wrap. 14. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the colorant includes a brown colorant. 15. The oral product of claim 2, wherein the polymer is present in an amount less than or equal to 200 mg. 16. An oral product comprising:
non-tobacco cellulosic fibers; and a fiber wrap surrounding the non-tobacco cellulosic fibers, the fiber wrap being seamless and comprising a plurality of melt-blown fibers, the melt-blown fibers including,
a polymer, and
a colorant configured to increase a hydraulic permittivity of the fiber wrap. 17. The oral product of claim 16, wherein the non-tobacco cellulosic fibers have an average particle aspect ratio of greater than 3. 18. The oral product of claim 16, wherein the non-tobacco cellulosic fibers have a total oven volatiles content ranging from 45% by weight to 65% by weight. 19. The oral product of claim 16, wherein the polymer includes an elastomer. 20. The oral product of claim 19, wherein the elastomer includes polyurethane. 21. The oral product of claim 16, wherein at least a portion of the fibers of the plurality of melt-blown fibers have a diameter of less than 100 microns. 22. The oral product of claim 16, wherein the non-tobacco cellulosic fibers have a total oven volatiles content ranging from 10% by weight to 20% by weight. 23. The oral product of claim 16, wherein the non-tobacco cellulosic fibers have a total oven volatiles content ranging from 25% by weight to 35% by weight. | 3,700 |
346,203 | 16,804,615 | 3,673 | Bedding items including a fabric expanse and a respiration vent. The fabric expanse is configured to be placed on a person and defines an interior side facing the person and an exterior side opposite the interior side. An interior volume of air is defined proximate the interior side and an exterior volume of air is defined proximate the exterior side and opposite the interior volume. The respiration vent is defined in the fabric expanse. The respiration vent is configured to facilitate communication of air between the exterior volume and the interior volume through the fabric expanse to aid the person covered by the fabric expanse in the interior volume inhaling air from the exterior volume and exhaling air to the exterior volume. | 1. A bedding item comprising:
a fabric expanse configured to be placed on a person and defining an interior side facing the person and an exterior side opposite the interior side, an interior volume of air being defined proximate the interior side and an exterior volume of air being defined proximate the exterior side and opposite the interior volume; and a respiration vent defined in the fabric expanse, the respiration vent being configured to facilitate communication of air between the exterior volume and the interior volume through the fabric expanse to aid the person covered by the fabric expanse in the interior volume inhaling air from the exterior volume and exhaling air to the exterior volume. 2. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the respiration vent includes a mesh material extending across the respiration vent. 3. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the respiration vent is an opening without material extending across the respiration vent. 4. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the respiration vent is defined in the fabric expanse proximate a longitudinal end of the fabric expanse. 5. The bedding item of claim 4, wherein the respiration vent overlies a face of the person covered by the fabric expanse in the interior volume. 6. The bedding item of claim 5, wherein the respiration vent overlies a nose and a mouth of the person and the fabric expanse overlies eyes of the person. 7. The bedding item of claim 4, wherein the respiration vent is spaced from the longitudinal end a distance selected to be covered by a minor portion of the fabric expanse when the minor portion of the fabric expanse is folded over onto a major portion of the fabric expanse. 8. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the respiration vent is extends laterally across a majority of the fabric expanse. 9. The bedding item of claim 8, wherein:
the fabric expanse is large enough to cover two people lying side by side; and the respiration vent extends laterally across the fabric expanse a distance sufficient to overlie faces of both of the two people lying side by side. 10. The bedding item of claim 8, wherein the respiration vent extends longitudinally sufficient to encompass a mouth and a nose of the person. 11. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the fabric expanse is a blanket. 12. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the fabric expanse is opaque. 13. The bedding item of claim 12, wherein the respiration vent is configured to transmit light sufficient for the person in the interior volume to see objects located in the exterior volume through the respiration vent. 14. A bedding item, comprising:
a fabric expanse configured to be placed on a person and defining an interior side facing the person and an exterior side opposite the interior side, an interior volume of air being defined proximate the interior side and an exterior volume of air being defined proximate the exterior side and opposite the interior volume; and a respiration vent defined in the fabric expanse proximate a longitudinal end of the fabric expanse and including a mesh material extending across the respiration vent, wherein the respiration vent is configured to facilitate communication of air between the exterior volume and the interior volume through the fabric expanse to aid the person covered by the fabric expanse in the interior volume inhaling air from the exterior volume and exhaling air to the exterior volume; wherein the respiration vent overlies a face of the person covered by the fabric expanse in the interior volume. 15. The bedding item of claim 14, wherein the respiration vent is spaced from the longitudinal end a distance selected to be covered by a minor portion of the fabric expanse when the minor portion of the fabric expanse is folded over onto a major portion of the fabric expanse. 16. The bedding item of claim 14, wherein the fabric expanse defines a blanket. 17. The bedding item of claim 14, wherein the respiration vent overlies a nose and a mouth of the person and the fabric expanse overlies eyes of the person. 18. The bedding item of claim 14, wherein:
the fabric expanse is large enough to cover two people lying side by side; and the respiration vent extends laterally across the fabric expanse a distance sufficient to overlie faces of both of the two people lying side by side. 19. The bedding item of claim 14, wherein the fabric expanse is opaque. 20. The bedding item of claim 19, wherein the respiration vent is configured to transmit light sufficient for the person in the interior volume to see objects located in the exterior volume through the respiration vent. | Bedding items including a fabric expanse and a respiration vent. The fabric expanse is configured to be placed on a person and defines an interior side facing the person and an exterior side opposite the interior side. An interior volume of air is defined proximate the interior side and an exterior volume of air is defined proximate the exterior side and opposite the interior volume. The respiration vent is defined in the fabric expanse. The respiration vent is configured to facilitate communication of air between the exterior volume and the interior volume through the fabric expanse to aid the person covered by the fabric expanse in the interior volume inhaling air from the exterior volume and exhaling air to the exterior volume.1. A bedding item comprising:
a fabric expanse configured to be placed on a person and defining an interior side facing the person and an exterior side opposite the interior side, an interior volume of air being defined proximate the interior side and an exterior volume of air being defined proximate the exterior side and opposite the interior volume; and a respiration vent defined in the fabric expanse, the respiration vent being configured to facilitate communication of air between the exterior volume and the interior volume through the fabric expanse to aid the person covered by the fabric expanse in the interior volume inhaling air from the exterior volume and exhaling air to the exterior volume. 2. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the respiration vent includes a mesh material extending across the respiration vent. 3. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the respiration vent is an opening without material extending across the respiration vent. 4. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the respiration vent is defined in the fabric expanse proximate a longitudinal end of the fabric expanse. 5. The bedding item of claim 4, wherein the respiration vent overlies a face of the person covered by the fabric expanse in the interior volume. 6. The bedding item of claim 5, wherein the respiration vent overlies a nose and a mouth of the person and the fabric expanse overlies eyes of the person. 7. The bedding item of claim 4, wherein the respiration vent is spaced from the longitudinal end a distance selected to be covered by a minor portion of the fabric expanse when the minor portion of the fabric expanse is folded over onto a major portion of the fabric expanse. 8. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the respiration vent is extends laterally across a majority of the fabric expanse. 9. The bedding item of claim 8, wherein:
the fabric expanse is large enough to cover two people lying side by side; and the respiration vent extends laterally across the fabric expanse a distance sufficient to overlie faces of both of the two people lying side by side. 10. The bedding item of claim 8, wherein the respiration vent extends longitudinally sufficient to encompass a mouth and a nose of the person. 11. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the fabric expanse is a blanket. 12. The bedding item of claim 1, wherein the fabric expanse is opaque. 13. The bedding item of claim 12, wherein the respiration vent is configured to transmit light sufficient for the person in the interior volume to see objects located in the exterior volume through the respiration vent. 14. A bedding item, comprising:
a fabric expanse configured to be placed on a person and defining an interior side facing the person and an exterior side opposite the interior side, an interior volume of air being defined proximate the interior side and an exterior volume of air being defined proximate the exterior side and opposite the interior volume; and a respiration vent defined in the fabric expanse proximate a longitudinal end of the fabric expanse and including a mesh material extending across the respiration vent, wherein the respiration vent is configured to facilitate communication of air between the exterior volume and the interior volume through the fabric expanse to aid the person covered by the fabric expanse in the interior volume inhaling air from the exterior volume and exhaling air to the exterior volume; wherein the respiration vent overlies a face of the person covered by the fabric expanse in the interior volume. 15. The bedding item of claim 14, wherein the respiration vent is spaced from the longitudinal end a distance selected to be covered by a minor portion of the fabric expanse when the minor portion of the fabric expanse is folded over onto a major portion of the fabric expanse. 16. The bedding item of claim 14, wherein the fabric expanse defines a blanket. 17. The bedding item of claim 14, wherein the respiration vent overlies a nose and a mouth of the person and the fabric expanse overlies eyes of the person. 18. The bedding item of claim 14, wherein:
the fabric expanse is large enough to cover two people lying side by side; and the respiration vent extends laterally across the fabric expanse a distance sufficient to overlie faces of both of the two people lying side by side. 19. The bedding item of claim 14, wherein the fabric expanse is opaque. 20. The bedding item of claim 19, wherein the respiration vent is configured to transmit light sufficient for the person in the interior volume to see objects located in the exterior volume through the respiration vent. | 3,600 |
346,204 | 16,804,654 | 3,673 | For handling blanks, semi-finished products or finished products in an automated production processes, a gripping device (3) is provided that has a gripper (4) that is assigned a stripper (5), with the stripper having at least one stripping element (6). The stripping element (6) can be moved as required past the gripper (4) in a stripping movement between a starting position and an end position in order to remove bodies (2) possibly interfering with the gripping process from a gripping region of the gripper (4). This occurs in particular when the gripper (4) has already gripped a body (2) to be gripped. | 1. A gripping device (3) comprising:
at least one gripper (4) for gripping provided bodies (2); at least one stripper (5) assigned to the gripper (4), the at least one stripper including at least one stripping element (6); the stripping element (6) is movable past the gripper (4) in a stripping movement between a starting position and an end position in order to remove bodies (2) that are at least one of bearing against the gripped body (2), lying on the gripped body (2), or colliding therewith from at least one of the gripper (4) or the gripped body (2). 2. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising a stripper drive (5 a) for driving the at least one stripping element (6), or the at least one stripping element (6) being pivotably mounted with a pivot axis of the stripping element (6) being oriented in or parallel to a closing direction of the gripper (4). 3. The gripping device (3), according to claim 1, wherein the at least one gripper (4) for gripping provided bodies is arranged on a gripper holder (7) of the gripping device (3) and is mounted resiliently. 4. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising at least one positioning stop (8) which is configured to define on the gripper (4) a desired position of a body (2) to be gripped. 5. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, wherein the gripper (4) includes gripping jaws (9), at least one of the gripper jaws (9) having at least one centring device (10) formed as at least one cut-out (10), and the centring device (10) configured to define a position of one of the bodies (2) relative to the gripper jaws (9). 6. The gripping device (3) according to claim 5, wherein the gripper jaws (9) of the gripper (4) are 3D-printed. 7. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one gripper (4) is a suction gripper. 8. The gripping device (3) according to claim 3, further comprising at least one guide element (11) and at least one restoring element (12) which are arranged between the gripper (4) and the gripper holder (7) for resilient mounting of the at least one gripper (4). 9. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of a monitoring sensor (31) or software for monitoring at least one of an approach movement of the at least one gripper (4) into a gripping position or a driving force of a drive of the at least one gripper (4). 10. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of a body illumination unit (13), a gripping point determination unit (14), a controller (15), or a sensor (17) for checking a presence of a gripped one of the bodies (2). 11. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, wherein the stripper (5) has at least two of the stripping elements (6) which are arranged on different sides of the gripper (4), the stripping elements (6) cross one another in a starting position, or the stripper (5) comprises two pairs of spaced-apart, movably mounted ones of the stripping elements (6), and a distance between the stripping elements (6) of a first one of the pairs is greater than a dimension of the gripper (4) measured in a distance direction. 12. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, wherein in at least one of the starting position or the end position, the at least one stripping element (6) is arranged between a cross-sectional plane of the gripper (4), which extends through a free end, and a gripper holder (7), and with the stripping element (6) situated in an intermediate position, a distal end of the at least one stripping element (6) is arranged beyond the cross-sectional plane, starting from the free end of the gripper (4). 13. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising a positioning stop (8) arranged or formed on or between gripper jaws (9) of the gripper (4). 14. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising at least one robot arm (18) on which the gripper (4) is arranged. 15. A separating device (1) comprising a gripping device (3) according to claim 1. 16. The separating device (1) according to claim 15, further comprising at least one of a body-feeding device (19), at least one depositing surface (22) for bodies (2) to be at least one of separated or to be gripped, or a vibrating device (24) for separating bodies (2) to be gripped. 17. The separating device (1) according to claim 16, further comprising at least one of a body illumination unit (13) arranged below the depositing surface (22), or a body illumination unit (13) arranged above the depositing surface (22). 18. The separating device (1) according to claim 15, further comprising a depositing station (27) downstream of the gripping device (3) with defined body depositing places (28), a handling unit (30) assigned to the depositing station (27) for further transporting the separated bodies (2). 19. A method for gripping provided bodies (2) using a gripping device (3), the method comprising:
identifying a gripping point of a body (2) that is accessible for a gripper (4) of the gripping device (3), gripping the body by the gripper (4) at the identified gripping point; moving at least one stripping element (6) of a stripper (5) assigned to the gripper (4) past the gripper (4) in a stripping movement between a starting position and an end position thereby removing the bodies (2) that are at least one of bearing against the gripped body (2), lying on the gripped body (2), or colliding therewith from at least one of the gripper (4) or the gripped body (2). 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein at least one of: the bodies (2) to be gripped are elongate bodies (2), or the bodies (2) to be gripped are provided as loose material. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein at least one of: the gripping point is identified optically, or the bodies (2) to be gripped are pre-separated using a vibrating device (24). 22. The method according to claim 19, further comprising checking whether one of the bodies (2) has been gripped by at least one of using a sensor (17) or determining a length of a closing movement of the gripper (4). 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the elongate bodies (2) that are gripped are at least one of brush bodies or toothbrush bodies (2). | For handling blanks, semi-finished products or finished products in an automated production processes, a gripping device (3) is provided that has a gripper (4) that is assigned a stripper (5), with the stripper having at least one stripping element (6). The stripping element (6) can be moved as required past the gripper (4) in a stripping movement between a starting position and an end position in order to remove bodies (2) possibly interfering with the gripping process from a gripping region of the gripper (4). This occurs in particular when the gripper (4) has already gripped a body (2) to be gripped.1. A gripping device (3) comprising:
at least one gripper (4) for gripping provided bodies (2); at least one stripper (5) assigned to the gripper (4), the at least one stripper including at least one stripping element (6); the stripping element (6) is movable past the gripper (4) in a stripping movement between a starting position and an end position in order to remove bodies (2) that are at least one of bearing against the gripped body (2), lying on the gripped body (2), or colliding therewith from at least one of the gripper (4) or the gripped body (2). 2. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising a stripper drive (5 a) for driving the at least one stripping element (6), or the at least one stripping element (6) being pivotably mounted with a pivot axis of the stripping element (6) being oriented in or parallel to a closing direction of the gripper (4). 3. The gripping device (3), according to claim 1, wherein the at least one gripper (4) for gripping provided bodies is arranged on a gripper holder (7) of the gripping device (3) and is mounted resiliently. 4. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising at least one positioning stop (8) which is configured to define on the gripper (4) a desired position of a body (2) to be gripped. 5. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, wherein the gripper (4) includes gripping jaws (9), at least one of the gripper jaws (9) having at least one centring device (10) formed as at least one cut-out (10), and the centring device (10) configured to define a position of one of the bodies (2) relative to the gripper jaws (9). 6. The gripping device (3) according to claim 5, wherein the gripper jaws (9) of the gripper (4) are 3D-printed. 7. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one gripper (4) is a suction gripper. 8. The gripping device (3) according to claim 3, further comprising at least one guide element (11) and at least one restoring element (12) which are arranged between the gripper (4) and the gripper holder (7) for resilient mounting of the at least one gripper (4). 9. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of a monitoring sensor (31) or software for monitoring at least one of an approach movement of the at least one gripper (4) into a gripping position or a driving force of a drive of the at least one gripper (4). 10. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of a body illumination unit (13), a gripping point determination unit (14), a controller (15), or a sensor (17) for checking a presence of a gripped one of the bodies (2). 11. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, wherein the stripper (5) has at least two of the stripping elements (6) which are arranged on different sides of the gripper (4), the stripping elements (6) cross one another in a starting position, or the stripper (5) comprises two pairs of spaced-apart, movably mounted ones of the stripping elements (6), and a distance between the stripping elements (6) of a first one of the pairs is greater than a dimension of the gripper (4) measured in a distance direction. 12. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, wherein in at least one of the starting position or the end position, the at least one stripping element (6) is arranged between a cross-sectional plane of the gripper (4), which extends through a free end, and a gripper holder (7), and with the stripping element (6) situated in an intermediate position, a distal end of the at least one stripping element (6) is arranged beyond the cross-sectional plane, starting from the free end of the gripper (4). 13. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising a positioning stop (8) arranged or formed on or between gripper jaws (9) of the gripper (4). 14. The gripping device (3) according to claim 1, further comprising at least one robot arm (18) on which the gripper (4) is arranged. 15. A separating device (1) comprising a gripping device (3) according to claim 1. 16. The separating device (1) according to claim 15, further comprising at least one of a body-feeding device (19), at least one depositing surface (22) for bodies (2) to be at least one of separated or to be gripped, or a vibrating device (24) for separating bodies (2) to be gripped. 17. The separating device (1) according to claim 16, further comprising at least one of a body illumination unit (13) arranged below the depositing surface (22), or a body illumination unit (13) arranged above the depositing surface (22). 18. The separating device (1) according to claim 15, further comprising a depositing station (27) downstream of the gripping device (3) with defined body depositing places (28), a handling unit (30) assigned to the depositing station (27) for further transporting the separated bodies (2). 19. A method for gripping provided bodies (2) using a gripping device (3), the method comprising:
identifying a gripping point of a body (2) that is accessible for a gripper (4) of the gripping device (3), gripping the body by the gripper (4) at the identified gripping point; moving at least one stripping element (6) of a stripper (5) assigned to the gripper (4) past the gripper (4) in a stripping movement between a starting position and an end position thereby removing the bodies (2) that are at least one of bearing against the gripped body (2), lying on the gripped body (2), or colliding therewith from at least one of the gripper (4) or the gripped body (2). 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein at least one of: the bodies (2) to be gripped are elongate bodies (2), or the bodies (2) to be gripped are provided as loose material. 21. The method according to claim 19, wherein at least one of: the gripping point is identified optically, or the bodies (2) to be gripped are pre-separated using a vibrating device (24). 22. The method according to claim 19, further comprising checking whether one of the bodies (2) has been gripped by at least one of using a sensor (17) or determining a length of a closing movement of the gripper (4). 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the elongate bodies (2) that are gripped are at least one of brush bodies or toothbrush bodies (2). | 3,600 |
346,205 | 16,804,634 | 1,774 | A system and method for automatically controlling concrete batch mixing cycles and for training an operator to minimize the mixing cycles, includes receiving real time mixer motor power measurements; detecting an initial peak value among the real time mixer motor power measurements; determining, by a processor, an initial amount of water to add to a concrete batch; waiting a first time period to determine a first supplemental amount of water to add to a concrete batch; and, then, periodically determining additional supplemental amounts of water to add to a concrete batch; until, the real time mixer motor power measurements meet a pre-determined target mixer motor power value, responsive to which, one or more outputs are activated, such as a user interface indicator that the batch is ready, or an optional electronic signal to a batch control system to dump the batch, or both. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A method for automatically controlling concrete batch mixing cycles and for training an operator to minimize the mixing cycles, comprising the steps of:
subsequent to introduction of materials for a batch of concrete into a mixer driven by a mixer motor, receiving, by a processor, real time slump meter values from the mixer for the batch of concrete; detecting, by a processor, an initial peak value among the real time slump meter values; responsive to the detected initial peak value being above a pre-determined target slump meter value, determining, by a processor, an initial amount of water to add to the batch of concrete; waiting, by a processor, at least a first time period after the detecting of the initial peak value; responsive to an actual real time slump meter value subsequent to the first time period exceeding the pre-determined target slump meter value, determining, by a processor, a first supplemental amount of water to add to a concrete batch; waiting, by a processor, at least a second time period after the first time period; responsive to an actual real time slump meter value subsequent to the second time period exceeding the pre-determined target slump meter value, determining, by a processor, a second supplemental amount of water to add to a concrete batch; and responsive to an actual real time slump meter value meeting the pre-determined target slump meter value, activating, by a processor, an output signal for completion of the batch. 11. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the receiving comprises receiving at least one slump meter value generated from a real time mixer motor selected from the group consisting of a hydraulic motor power measurement, an electric motor amperage measurement, and an electric motor wattmeter measurement. 12. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the receiving comprises retrieving a pre-determined target slump meter value associated with a selected Batch ID value for a current concrete batch production from a spreadsheet file, wherein the spreadsheet file comprises a plurality of pairs of Batch ID values and associated pre-determined slump meter values. 13. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising providing, by a processor, a user interface configured to graphically illustrate to an operator the real time slump meter measurements. 14. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising providing, by a processor, a user interface configured to receive from an operator one or more settings from the group consisting of the pre-determined target slump meter value, the initial amount of water to add to a concrete batch, the first time period, the first supplemental amount, the second time period, and the second supplemental amount. 15. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the activating an output signal comprises activating one or more signals selected from the group comprising an indicator on a user interface to the operator of batch completion and a signal to a batch control system to automatically discharge the contents of the mixer. 16. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising the steps of:
repeating, by a processor, waiting the second time period subsequent to the waiting after the first time period; and
responsive to an actual real time slump meter value subsequent to the second time period exceeding the pre-determined target slump meter value, determining, by a processor, a second supplemental amount of water to add to a concrete batch. 17. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein activating an output signal comprises producing a water feed control signal responsive to one or more of the steps of determining the initial amount of water to add, determining the first supplemental amount of water to add, and determining the second supplemental amount of water to add. 18. The method as set forth in claim 17 wherein the water feed control signal comprises one or more signals selected from the group comprising an indicator on a user interface and a signal to a batch control system to automatically discharge the contents of the mixer. 19-20. (canceled) | A system and method for automatically controlling concrete batch mixing cycles and for training an operator to minimize the mixing cycles, includes receiving real time mixer motor power measurements; detecting an initial peak value among the real time mixer motor power measurements; determining, by a processor, an initial amount of water to add to a concrete batch; waiting a first time period to determine a first supplemental amount of water to add to a concrete batch; and, then, periodically determining additional supplemental amounts of water to add to a concrete batch; until, the real time mixer motor power measurements meet a pre-determined target mixer motor power value, responsive to which, one or more outputs are activated, such as a user interface indicator that the batch is ready, or an optional electronic signal to a batch control system to dump the batch, or both.1-9. (canceled) 10. A method for automatically controlling concrete batch mixing cycles and for training an operator to minimize the mixing cycles, comprising the steps of:
subsequent to introduction of materials for a batch of concrete into a mixer driven by a mixer motor, receiving, by a processor, real time slump meter values from the mixer for the batch of concrete; detecting, by a processor, an initial peak value among the real time slump meter values; responsive to the detected initial peak value being above a pre-determined target slump meter value, determining, by a processor, an initial amount of water to add to the batch of concrete; waiting, by a processor, at least a first time period after the detecting of the initial peak value; responsive to an actual real time slump meter value subsequent to the first time period exceeding the pre-determined target slump meter value, determining, by a processor, a first supplemental amount of water to add to a concrete batch; waiting, by a processor, at least a second time period after the first time period; responsive to an actual real time slump meter value subsequent to the second time period exceeding the pre-determined target slump meter value, determining, by a processor, a second supplemental amount of water to add to a concrete batch; and responsive to an actual real time slump meter value meeting the pre-determined target slump meter value, activating, by a processor, an output signal for completion of the batch. 11. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the receiving comprises receiving at least one slump meter value generated from a real time mixer motor selected from the group consisting of a hydraulic motor power measurement, an electric motor amperage measurement, and an electric motor wattmeter measurement. 12. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the receiving comprises retrieving a pre-determined target slump meter value associated with a selected Batch ID value for a current concrete batch production from a spreadsheet file, wherein the spreadsheet file comprises a plurality of pairs of Batch ID values and associated pre-determined slump meter values. 13. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising providing, by a processor, a user interface configured to graphically illustrate to an operator the real time slump meter measurements. 14. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising providing, by a processor, a user interface configured to receive from an operator one or more settings from the group consisting of the pre-determined target slump meter value, the initial amount of water to add to a concrete batch, the first time period, the first supplemental amount, the second time period, and the second supplemental amount. 15. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein the activating an output signal comprises activating one or more signals selected from the group comprising an indicator on a user interface to the operator of batch completion and a signal to a batch control system to automatically discharge the contents of the mixer. 16. The method as set forth in claim 10 further comprising the steps of:
repeating, by a processor, waiting the second time period subsequent to the waiting after the first time period; and
responsive to an actual real time slump meter value subsequent to the second time period exceeding the pre-determined target slump meter value, determining, by a processor, a second supplemental amount of water to add to a concrete batch. 17. The method as set forth in claim 10 wherein activating an output signal comprises producing a water feed control signal responsive to one or more of the steps of determining the initial amount of water to add, determining the first supplemental amount of water to add, and determining the second supplemental amount of water to add. 18. The method as set forth in claim 17 wherein the water feed control signal comprises one or more signals selected from the group comprising an indicator on a user interface and a signal to a batch control system to automatically discharge the contents of the mixer. 19-20. (canceled) | 1,700 |
346,206 | 16,804,649 | 1,774 | A vehicle body structure includes a bumper beam extending in a left-right direction, and left and right side members functioning as a frame member supporting both ends of the bumper beam. The bumper beam includes a connecting member that connects the both ends to suppress the extension between the both ends. | 1. A vehicle body structure comprising a beam member extending in a predetermined direction, and a frame member supporting each of a plurality of places of the beam member, wherein the beam member includes a connecting member that connects the plurality of places to suppress extension between the places. 2. The vehicle body structure according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member is disposed between the places of the beam member and the frame member. 3. The vehicle body structure according to claim 1, wherein a part of the connecting member between the plurality of places is offset toward the beam member or the frame member. 4. The vehicle body structure according to claim 3, wherein a portion, of the connecting member, between the plurality of places is disposed with a gap from the beam member, and the part is offset toward the beam member. 5. The vehicle body structure according to claim 1, wherein
the connecting member includes a plurality of fixing parts that are fixed to the plurality of places, respectively, and a crosslinking part that crosslinks between the fixing parts, and a length of each fixing part is longer than the beam member and the crosslinking part in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction. 6. The vehicle body structure according to claim 1, wherein
the frame member includes a side member extending in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction, with a space in the predetermined direction, and the beam member is fixed to the side member through the connecting member. | A vehicle body structure includes a bumper beam extending in a left-right direction, and left and right side members functioning as a frame member supporting both ends of the bumper beam. The bumper beam includes a connecting member that connects the both ends to suppress the extension between the both ends.1. A vehicle body structure comprising a beam member extending in a predetermined direction, and a frame member supporting each of a plurality of places of the beam member, wherein the beam member includes a connecting member that connects the plurality of places to suppress extension between the places. 2. The vehicle body structure according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member is disposed between the places of the beam member and the frame member. 3. The vehicle body structure according to claim 1, wherein a part of the connecting member between the plurality of places is offset toward the beam member or the frame member. 4. The vehicle body structure according to claim 3, wherein a portion, of the connecting member, between the plurality of places is disposed with a gap from the beam member, and the part is offset toward the beam member. 5. The vehicle body structure according to claim 1, wherein
the connecting member includes a plurality of fixing parts that are fixed to the plurality of places, respectively, and a crosslinking part that crosslinks between the fixing parts, and a length of each fixing part is longer than the beam member and the crosslinking part in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction. 6. The vehicle body structure according to claim 1, wherein
the frame member includes a side member extending in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined direction, with a space in the predetermined direction, and the beam member is fixed to the side member through the connecting member. | 1,700 |
346,207 | 16,804,643 | 1,774 | Aluminum can be used as a fuel source when reacted with water if its native surrounding oxide coating is penetrated with a gallium-based eutectic. When discrete aluminum objects are treated in a heated bath of eutectic, the eutectic penetrates the oxide coating. After the aluminum objects are treated, the aluminum objects can be reacted in a reactor to produce hydrogen which can, for example, react with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electricity, for use in a variety of applications. | 1. An activated aluminum fuel comprising:
a cold worked aluminum object having a surface defining a volume, the cold worked aluminum object containing greater than 87 percent, by mass, of a plastically deformed and non-recrystallized aluminum alloy, the cold worked aluminum object including a high energy grain boundary having an energy greater than about 0.5 J/m2; a eutectic alloy including gallium and indium, the eutectic alloy within the volume of the cold worked aluminum object; and an aluminum oxide layer along the surface of the cold worked aluminum object, the aluminum oxide layer having disruptions penetrable by water to reach at least a portion of the eutectic alloy in the volume of the cold worked aluminum object. 2. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the eutectic alloy is in a two-phase mixture with the aluminum object. 3. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the eutectic alloy is greater than zero percent and less than about 3 percent of the total mass of the activated aluminum fuel. 4. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the eutectic alloy is about 22 percent by mass indium and about 78 percent by mass gallium. 5. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the eutectic alloy further includes tin. 6. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the cold worked aluminum object has grain boundaries wetted by the eutectic alloy. 7. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the cold worked aluminum object is a sphere. 8. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 7, wherein the sphere has a diameter of less than about 10 mm. 9. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the cold worked aluminum object is a spoolable shape. 10. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 9, wherein the cold worked aluminum object is a wire. 11. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the cold worked aluminum object includes directional grains. 12. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the aluminum oxide layer is free of the eutectic alloy. 13. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the disruptions in the aluminum oxide layer include microcracks, nucleation sites, or a combination thereof. 14. An activated aluminum fuel comprising:
a cold worked aluminum object defining a volume, the cold worked aluminum object containing an aluminum alloy, the cold worked aluminum object including a high energy grain boundary having an energy greater than about 0.5 J/m2; and a eutectic alloy including gallium and indium, the eutectic alloy within the volume of the cold worked aluminum object, wherein the activated aluminum fuel is reactable with water to yield greater than about 80 percent and less than about 95 percent of a theoretical yield of hydrogen. 15. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, wherein the eutectic alloy is greater than zero percent and less than about 3 percent of the total mass of the activated aluminum fuel. 16. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, wherein, with the eutectic alloy therein, the cold worked aluminum object is embrittled such that, under tensile or compressive testing, the cold worked aluminum object with the eutectic alloy therein fractures at a stress less than the yield stress of the cold worked aluminum object in the absence of the eutectic alloy. 17. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, further comprising an aluminum oxide layer disposed on a surface of the cold worked aluminum object. 18. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 17, wherein at least a portion of the aluminum oxide layer is exposed to air and free of the eutectic alloy. 19. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, wherein the volume of the cold worked aluminum object forms a sphere. 20. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, wherein the volume of the cold worked aluminum forms a wire. 21. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, wherein the volume of the cold worked aluminum forms at least one of a sphere, a bar, a rectangular prism, a thin plate, or a cylinder. | Aluminum can be used as a fuel source when reacted with water if its native surrounding oxide coating is penetrated with a gallium-based eutectic. When discrete aluminum objects are treated in a heated bath of eutectic, the eutectic penetrates the oxide coating. After the aluminum objects are treated, the aluminum objects can be reacted in a reactor to produce hydrogen which can, for example, react with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electricity, for use in a variety of applications.1. An activated aluminum fuel comprising:
a cold worked aluminum object having a surface defining a volume, the cold worked aluminum object containing greater than 87 percent, by mass, of a plastically deformed and non-recrystallized aluminum alloy, the cold worked aluminum object including a high energy grain boundary having an energy greater than about 0.5 J/m2; a eutectic alloy including gallium and indium, the eutectic alloy within the volume of the cold worked aluminum object; and an aluminum oxide layer along the surface of the cold worked aluminum object, the aluminum oxide layer having disruptions penetrable by water to reach at least a portion of the eutectic alloy in the volume of the cold worked aluminum object. 2. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the eutectic alloy is in a two-phase mixture with the aluminum object. 3. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the eutectic alloy is greater than zero percent and less than about 3 percent of the total mass of the activated aluminum fuel. 4. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the eutectic alloy is about 22 percent by mass indium and about 78 percent by mass gallium. 5. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the eutectic alloy further includes tin. 6. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the cold worked aluminum object has grain boundaries wetted by the eutectic alloy. 7. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the cold worked aluminum object is a sphere. 8. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 7, wherein the sphere has a diameter of less than about 10 mm. 9. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the cold worked aluminum object is a spoolable shape. 10. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 9, wherein the cold worked aluminum object is a wire. 11. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the cold worked aluminum object includes directional grains. 12. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the aluminum oxide layer is free of the eutectic alloy. 13. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 1, wherein the disruptions in the aluminum oxide layer include microcracks, nucleation sites, or a combination thereof. 14. An activated aluminum fuel comprising:
a cold worked aluminum object defining a volume, the cold worked aluminum object containing an aluminum alloy, the cold worked aluminum object including a high energy grain boundary having an energy greater than about 0.5 J/m2; and a eutectic alloy including gallium and indium, the eutectic alloy within the volume of the cold worked aluminum object, wherein the activated aluminum fuel is reactable with water to yield greater than about 80 percent and less than about 95 percent of a theoretical yield of hydrogen. 15. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, wherein the eutectic alloy is greater than zero percent and less than about 3 percent of the total mass of the activated aluminum fuel. 16. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, wherein, with the eutectic alloy therein, the cold worked aluminum object is embrittled such that, under tensile or compressive testing, the cold worked aluminum object with the eutectic alloy therein fractures at a stress less than the yield stress of the cold worked aluminum object in the absence of the eutectic alloy. 17. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, further comprising an aluminum oxide layer disposed on a surface of the cold worked aluminum object. 18. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 17, wherein at least a portion of the aluminum oxide layer is exposed to air and free of the eutectic alloy. 19. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, wherein the volume of the cold worked aluminum object forms a sphere. 20. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, wherein the volume of the cold worked aluminum forms a wire. 21. The activated aluminum fuel of claim 14, wherein the volume of the cold worked aluminum forms at least one of a sphere, a bar, a rectangular prism, a thin plate, or a cylinder. | 1,700 |
346,208 | 16,804,645 | 1,774 | A current lead assembly for minimizing heat load to a conduction cooled superconducting magnet during a ramp operation is provided. The current lead assembly includes a vacuum chamber having a through hole to enable a first end of a current lead contact to remain outside the vacuum chamber and a second end of the current lead contact to penetrate within the vacuum chamber. A vacuum boundary wall is located between the vacuum chamber and the current lead contact. At least one superconducting magnet is arranged inside of the vacuum chamber and includes a magnet lead. A second end of the current lead contact is coupled to the magnet lead via an internal lead. A vacuum cap is removably disposed to sealingly encompass therein the first end of the current lead contact during a first state of operation. The first end of the current lead contact is arranged to contact a power supply during a second state of operation, wherein the contact occurs exterior the vacuum chamber. | 1. A current lead assembly for a superconducting magnet, comprising:
a vacuum chamber having a through hole; a current lead contact sealably penetrating the vacuum chamber via the through hole, the current lead contact having a first end outside the vacuum chamber and a second end inside the vacuum chamber; a vacuum boundary wall between the vacuum chamber and the current lead contact; at least one superconducting magnet arranged inside of the vacuum chamber and having a magnet lead; at least one internal lead having one end coupled to the magnet lead and another end coupled to the second end of the current lead contact; and a vacuum cap removably disposed on an outer surface of the vacuum chamber to sealingly encompass therein the first end of the current lead contact during a first state of operation, the first end of the current lead contact arranged to contact a power supply during a second state of operation, wherein the contact occurs at ambient temperature, exterior the vacuum chamber upon removal of the vacuum cap. 2. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the vacuum cap is removably disposed on the outer surface of the vacuum chamber upon completion of a magnet ramp operation. 3. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the vacuum boundary wall is comprises a plurality of reentrant concentric tubes. 4. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the vacuum cap is removably disposed on the outer surface of the vacuum chamber to minimize heat conduction to the magnet lead from an ambient environment. 5. The current lead assembly of claim 1, including a plurality of superconducting magnets arranged inside of the vacuum chamber, each of the plurality of superconducting magnets having a magnet lead. 6. The current lead assembly of claim 5, comprising a plurality of internal leads each having one end coupled to the magnet lead and another end coupled to a second end of the current lead contact. 7. The current lead assembly of claim 6, including a plurality of superconducting magnets arranged inside of the vacuum chamber, each of the plurality of superconducting magnets having a magnet lead coupled to a second end of the internal lead. 8. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the vacuum cap is comprised of stainless steel. 9. The current lead assembly of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of vacuum boundary walls and a plurality of vacuum caps. 10. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the vacuum cap includes a vacuum port to pull a vacuum about the first end of the current lead contact. 11. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the first end of the current lead contact is coupled to a power supply, and wherein a current in a range from 500 amperes to at least 1000 amperes is supplied to the at least one superconducting magnet via connection of the magnet lead with the power supply. 12. A method of fabricating a current lead assembly for a superconducting magnet, comprising:
providing a vacuum chamber comprising a housing enclosing an interior volume and having at least one through hole; providing at least one superconducting magnet inside of the vacuum chamber and having a magnet lead; arranging a current lead contact to sealingly penetrate the vacuum chamber via the through hole, wherein a first end of the current lead contact is positioned outside the vacuum chamber and a second end of the current lead contact is positioned inside the vacuum chamber; arranging a reentrant concentric tube assembly providing a vacuum boundary between the vacuum chamber and the current lead contact; attaching an internal lead between the magnet lead and the second end of the current lead contact; and removably disposing a vacuum cap on an outer surface of the vacuum chamber to sealingly encompass the first end of the current lead contact during a first state operation and provide contact outside the vacuum chamber of the first end of the current lead contact with a power supply upon removal of the vacuum cap during a second state of operation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first state of operation is a normal state of operation during which ramping of the at least one superconducting magnet does not take place and the second state of operation includes ramping of the at least one superconducting magnet. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
arranging the vacuum cap to sealingly encompass and thermally isolate the first end of the current lead contact from ambient air upon completion of the second state of operation. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the first end of the current lead contact is thermally isolated from ambient air outside the vacuum chamber during the first state of operation. 16. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, comprising:
at least one superconducting magnet that generates a magnetic field comprising a plurality of magnetic field gradients, the at least one superconducting magnet having a magnet lead and arranged inside of a vacuum chamber enclosing a vacuum space and comprising a through hole; a current lead contact sealably penetrating the vacuum chamber via the through hole, the current lead contact have a first end outside the vacuum chamber and a second end inside the vacuum chamber; a reentrant concentric tube assembly providing a vacuum boundary between the vacuum chamber and the current lead contact; at least one internal lead having one end coupled to the magnet lead and another end coupled to the second end of the current lead contact; and a vacuum cap removably disposed on an outer surface of the vacuum chamber to sealingly encompass therein the first end of the current lead contact during a first state of operation, the first end of the current lead contact arranged to contact a power supply during a second state of operation, wherein the contact occurs at ambient temperature, exterior the vacuum chamber upon removal of the vacuum cap. 17. The MM system of claim 16, wherein the first state of operation is a normal state of operation during which ramping of the at least one superconducting magnet does not take place and the second state of operation includes ramping of the at least one superconducting magnet t. 18. The MM system of claim 16, wherein the vacuum cap provides thermal isolation of the first end of the current lead contact from ambient air outside the vacuum chamber during the first state of operation. 19. The MM system of claim 16, wherein the vacuum cap is removably disposed on the outer surface of the vacuum chamber to form a vacuum seal about the first end of the current lead contact during the first state of operation. 20. The MM system of claim 16, wherein the first end of the current lead contact is coupled to a power supply, and wherein a current in a range from 500 amperes to at least 1000 amperes is supplied to the at least one superconducting magnet via connection of the magnet lead with the power supply during the second stage of operation. | A current lead assembly for minimizing heat load to a conduction cooled superconducting magnet during a ramp operation is provided. The current lead assembly includes a vacuum chamber having a through hole to enable a first end of a current lead contact to remain outside the vacuum chamber and a second end of the current lead contact to penetrate within the vacuum chamber. A vacuum boundary wall is located between the vacuum chamber and the current lead contact. At least one superconducting magnet is arranged inside of the vacuum chamber and includes a magnet lead. A second end of the current lead contact is coupled to the magnet lead via an internal lead. A vacuum cap is removably disposed to sealingly encompass therein the first end of the current lead contact during a first state of operation. The first end of the current lead contact is arranged to contact a power supply during a second state of operation, wherein the contact occurs exterior the vacuum chamber.1. A current lead assembly for a superconducting magnet, comprising:
a vacuum chamber having a through hole; a current lead contact sealably penetrating the vacuum chamber via the through hole, the current lead contact having a first end outside the vacuum chamber and a second end inside the vacuum chamber; a vacuum boundary wall between the vacuum chamber and the current lead contact; at least one superconducting magnet arranged inside of the vacuum chamber and having a magnet lead; at least one internal lead having one end coupled to the magnet lead and another end coupled to the second end of the current lead contact; and a vacuum cap removably disposed on an outer surface of the vacuum chamber to sealingly encompass therein the first end of the current lead contact during a first state of operation, the first end of the current lead contact arranged to contact a power supply during a second state of operation, wherein the contact occurs at ambient temperature, exterior the vacuum chamber upon removal of the vacuum cap. 2. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the vacuum cap is removably disposed on the outer surface of the vacuum chamber upon completion of a magnet ramp operation. 3. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the vacuum boundary wall is comprises a plurality of reentrant concentric tubes. 4. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the vacuum cap is removably disposed on the outer surface of the vacuum chamber to minimize heat conduction to the magnet lead from an ambient environment. 5. The current lead assembly of claim 1, including a plurality of superconducting magnets arranged inside of the vacuum chamber, each of the plurality of superconducting magnets having a magnet lead. 6. The current lead assembly of claim 5, comprising a plurality of internal leads each having one end coupled to the magnet lead and another end coupled to a second end of the current lead contact. 7. The current lead assembly of claim 6, including a plurality of superconducting magnets arranged inside of the vacuum chamber, each of the plurality of superconducting magnets having a magnet lead coupled to a second end of the internal lead. 8. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the vacuum cap is comprised of stainless steel. 9. The current lead assembly of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of vacuum boundary walls and a plurality of vacuum caps. 10. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the vacuum cap includes a vacuum port to pull a vacuum about the first end of the current lead contact. 11. The current lead assembly of claim 1, wherein the first end of the current lead contact is coupled to a power supply, and wherein a current in a range from 500 amperes to at least 1000 amperes is supplied to the at least one superconducting magnet via connection of the magnet lead with the power supply. 12. A method of fabricating a current lead assembly for a superconducting magnet, comprising:
providing a vacuum chamber comprising a housing enclosing an interior volume and having at least one through hole; providing at least one superconducting magnet inside of the vacuum chamber and having a magnet lead; arranging a current lead contact to sealingly penetrate the vacuum chamber via the through hole, wherein a first end of the current lead contact is positioned outside the vacuum chamber and a second end of the current lead contact is positioned inside the vacuum chamber; arranging a reentrant concentric tube assembly providing a vacuum boundary between the vacuum chamber and the current lead contact; attaching an internal lead between the magnet lead and the second end of the current lead contact; and removably disposing a vacuum cap on an outer surface of the vacuum chamber to sealingly encompass the first end of the current lead contact during a first state operation and provide contact outside the vacuum chamber of the first end of the current lead contact with a power supply upon removal of the vacuum cap during a second state of operation. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first state of operation is a normal state of operation during which ramping of the at least one superconducting magnet does not take place and the second state of operation includes ramping of the at least one superconducting magnet. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
arranging the vacuum cap to sealingly encompass and thermally isolate the first end of the current lead contact from ambient air upon completion of the second state of operation. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the first end of the current lead contact is thermally isolated from ambient air outside the vacuum chamber during the first state of operation. 16. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, comprising:
at least one superconducting magnet that generates a magnetic field comprising a plurality of magnetic field gradients, the at least one superconducting magnet having a magnet lead and arranged inside of a vacuum chamber enclosing a vacuum space and comprising a through hole; a current lead contact sealably penetrating the vacuum chamber via the through hole, the current lead contact have a first end outside the vacuum chamber and a second end inside the vacuum chamber; a reentrant concentric tube assembly providing a vacuum boundary between the vacuum chamber and the current lead contact; at least one internal lead having one end coupled to the magnet lead and another end coupled to the second end of the current lead contact; and a vacuum cap removably disposed on an outer surface of the vacuum chamber to sealingly encompass therein the first end of the current lead contact during a first state of operation, the first end of the current lead contact arranged to contact a power supply during a second state of operation, wherein the contact occurs at ambient temperature, exterior the vacuum chamber upon removal of the vacuum cap. 17. The MM system of claim 16, wherein the first state of operation is a normal state of operation during which ramping of the at least one superconducting magnet does not take place and the second state of operation includes ramping of the at least one superconducting magnet t. 18. The MM system of claim 16, wherein the vacuum cap provides thermal isolation of the first end of the current lead contact from ambient air outside the vacuum chamber during the first state of operation. 19. The MM system of claim 16, wherein the vacuum cap is removably disposed on the outer surface of the vacuum chamber to form a vacuum seal about the first end of the current lead contact during the first state of operation. 20. The MM system of claim 16, wherein the first end of the current lead contact is coupled to a power supply, and wherein a current in a range from 500 amperes to at least 1000 amperes is supplied to the at least one superconducting magnet via connection of the magnet lead with the power supply during the second stage of operation. | 1,700 |
346,209 | 16,804,603 | 1,774 | Methods and systems are described for the detection and identification of a cellular device that crosses a perimeter associated with a premises that is installed with a monitoring system. Subsequently, a determination of an intruder crossing the perimeter and/or entering a building within the premises may be made based on receiving unique identification values for the cellular device and/or information associated with a user of the cellular device. One or more sensors present within or near the premises may be configured to send alert information when tripped. The monitoring system may be configured to determine a location of the cellular device, an identity of the user of the cellular device, additional information stored, transmitted or received by the cellular device, and safe escape routes that may be sent to one or more user devices registered with the monitoring system. | 1. A method comprising:
detecting, by a monitoring device and from a first device, one or more wireless signals that indicate that the first device is within a proximity of a premises; determining information associated with the first device; determining, based on the information, that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises; and sending, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, at least one message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the at least one message to the unauthorized device comprises at least one of:
sending, to the unauthorized device, a text message indicating unauthorized presence at the premises; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, an audible message to be output by a speaker of the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, a message that emulates a wireless emergency alert; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device and sending, to the unauthorized device after determining that the phone call is answered, an audio message; or sending, to the unauthorized device, a request for authentication information. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one message is sent to the unauthorized device a plurality of times and at predefined time intervals. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one message is configured to cause the unauthorized device to perform an action comprising at least one of:
installing, on the unauthorized device, spy software; accessing data stored on the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the accessed data; capturing, using a camera of the unauthorized device, an image or video and sending, to one or more devices, the captured image or video; capturing, using a microphone of the unauthorized device, audio of surroundings of the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the captured audio; controlling, using a software application installed on the unauthorized device, to output an audible tone; controlling a light of the unauthorized device to flash on and off; placing a phone call to one or more devices; or sending, to one or more devices, GPS data associated with the unauthorized device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the information associated with the first device comprises at least one of:
determining identification information of the first device; determining location information associated with the first device; or determining movement patterns associated with the first device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, a first access code for authorized access to a first zone of the premises. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
monitoring, based on the information, a movement pattern of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of a second zone, of the premises, different from the first zone; and based on determining that the unauthorized device is within the proximity of the second zone, causing a security response. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first access code permits the unauthorized device authorized access to the first zone for a time period, and
wherein the method further comprises monitoring, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of the first zone after an expiration of the time period. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after determining that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises, monitoring, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device; determining, based on the location information, a zone, of the premises, in which the unauthorized device is located; and determining, based on the determined zone and based on information that identifies, for each of a plurality of zones of the premises, a corresponding threat level, a security response associated with the corresponding threat level. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more wireless signals comprise at least one of: cellular signals, Bluetooth signals, ZigBee signals, Z-Wave signals, Thread signals, Wi-Fi signals, global system for mobile (GSM) communication signals, or code division multiple access (CDMA) signals. 11. A computing device comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing device to:
detect, from a first device, one or more wireless signals that indicate that the first device is within a proximity of a premises;
determine information associated with the first device;
determine, based on the information, that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises; and
send, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, at least one message. 12. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to send the at least one message to the unauthorized device by at least one of:
sending, to the unauthorized device, a text message indicating unauthorized presence at the premises; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, an audible message to be output by a speaker of the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, a message that emulates a wireless emergency alert; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device and sending, to the unauthorized device after determining that the phone call is answered, an audio message; or sending, to the unauthorized device, a request for authentication information. 13. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the at least one message is sent to the unauthorized device a plurality of times and at predefined time intervals. 14. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the at least one message is configured to cause the unauthorized device to perform an action comprising at least one of:
installing, on the unauthorized device, spy software; accessing data stored on the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the accessed data; capturing, using a camera of the unauthorized device, an image or video and sending, to one or more devices, the captured image or video; capturing, using a microphone of the unauthorized device, audio of surroundings of the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the captured audio; controlling, using a software application installed on the unauthorized device, to output an audible tone; controlling a light of the unauthorized device to flash on and off; placing a phone call to one or more devices; or sending, to one or more devices, GPS data associated with the unauthorized device. 15. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to determine the information associated with the first device by at least one of:
determining identification information of the first device; determining location information associated with the first device; or determining movement patterns associated with the first device. 16. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to:
send, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, a first access code for authorized access to a first zone of the premises. 17. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to:
monitor, based on the information, a movement pattern of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of a second zone, of the premises, different from the first zone; and based on determining that the unauthorized device is within the proximity of the second zone, cause a security response. 18. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the first access code permits the unauthorized device authorized access to the first zone for a time period, and
wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to:
monitor, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of the first zone after an expiration of the time period. 19. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to:
after determining that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises, monitor, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device; determine, based on the location information, a zone, of the premises, in which the unauthorized device is located; and determine, based on the determined zone and based on information that identifies, for each of a plurality of zones of the premises, a corresponding threat level, a security response associated with the corresponding threat level. 20. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the one or more wireless signals comprise at least one of: cellular signals, Bluetooth signals, ZigBee signals, Z-Wave signals, Thread signals, Wi-Fi signals, global system for mobile (GSM) communication signals, or code division multiple access (CDMA) signals. 21. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause:
detecting, from a first device, one or more wireless signals that indicate that the first device is within a proximity of a premises; determining information associated with the first device; determining, based on the information, that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises; and sending, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, at least one message. 22. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause sending the at least one message to the unauthorized device by at least one of:
sending, to the unauthorized device, a text message indicating unauthorized presence at the premises; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, an audible message to be output by a speaker of the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, a message that emulates a wireless emergency alert; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device and sending, to the unauthorized device after determining that the phone call is answered, an audio message; or sending, to the unauthorized device, a request for authentication information. 23. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the at least one message is sent to the unauthorized device a plurality of times and at predefined time intervals. 24. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the at least one message is configured to cause the unauthorized device to perform an action comprising at least one of:
installing, on the unauthorized device, spy software; accessing data stored on the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the accessed data; capturing, using a camera of the unauthorized device, an image or video and sending, to one or more devices, the captured image or video; capturing, using a microphone of the unauthorized device, audio of surroundings of the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the captured audio; controlling, using a software application installed on the unauthorized device, to output an audible tone; controlling a light of the unauthorized device to flash on and off; placing a phone call to one or more devices; or sending, to one or more devices, GPS data associated with the unauthorized device. 25. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause determining the information associated with the first device by at least one of:
determining identification information of the first device; determining location information associated with the first device; or determining movement patterns associated with the first device. 26. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause:
sending, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, a first access code for authorized access to a first zone of the premises. 27. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause:
monitoring, based on the information, a movement pattern of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of a second zone, of the premises, different from the first zone; and based on determining that the unauthorized device is within the proximity of the second zone, causing a security response. 28. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the first access code permits the unauthorized device authorized access to the first zone for a time period, and
wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause:
monitoring, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of the first zone after an expiration of the time period. 29. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause:
after determining that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises, monitoring, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device; determining, based on the location information, a zone, of the premises, in which the unauthorized device is located; and determining, based on the determined zone and based on information that identifies, for each of a plurality of zones of the premises, a corresponding threat level, a security response associated with the corresponding threat level. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the one or more wireless signals comprise at least one of: cellular signals, Bluetooth signals, ZigBee signals, Z-Wave signals, Thread signals, Wi-Fi signals, global system for mobile (GSM) communication signals, or code division multiple access (CDMA) signals. | Methods and systems are described for the detection and identification of a cellular device that crosses a perimeter associated with a premises that is installed with a monitoring system. Subsequently, a determination of an intruder crossing the perimeter and/or entering a building within the premises may be made based on receiving unique identification values for the cellular device and/or information associated with a user of the cellular device. One or more sensors present within or near the premises may be configured to send alert information when tripped. The monitoring system may be configured to determine a location of the cellular device, an identity of the user of the cellular device, additional information stored, transmitted or received by the cellular device, and safe escape routes that may be sent to one or more user devices registered with the monitoring system.1. A method comprising:
detecting, by a monitoring device and from a first device, one or more wireless signals that indicate that the first device is within a proximity of a premises; determining information associated with the first device; determining, based on the information, that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises; and sending, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, at least one message. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the at least one message to the unauthorized device comprises at least one of:
sending, to the unauthorized device, a text message indicating unauthorized presence at the premises; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, an audible message to be output by a speaker of the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, a message that emulates a wireless emergency alert; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device and sending, to the unauthorized device after determining that the phone call is answered, an audio message; or sending, to the unauthorized device, a request for authentication information. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one message is sent to the unauthorized device a plurality of times and at predefined time intervals. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one message is configured to cause the unauthorized device to perform an action comprising at least one of:
installing, on the unauthorized device, spy software; accessing data stored on the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the accessed data; capturing, using a camera of the unauthorized device, an image or video and sending, to one or more devices, the captured image or video; capturing, using a microphone of the unauthorized device, audio of surroundings of the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the captured audio; controlling, using a software application installed on the unauthorized device, to output an audible tone; controlling a light of the unauthorized device to flash on and off; placing a phone call to one or more devices; or sending, to one or more devices, GPS data associated with the unauthorized device. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the information associated with the first device comprises at least one of:
determining identification information of the first device; determining location information associated with the first device; or determining movement patterns associated with the first device. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, a first access code for authorized access to a first zone of the premises. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
monitoring, based on the information, a movement pattern of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of a second zone, of the premises, different from the first zone; and based on determining that the unauthorized device is within the proximity of the second zone, causing a security response. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first access code permits the unauthorized device authorized access to the first zone for a time period, and
wherein the method further comprises monitoring, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of the first zone after an expiration of the time period. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
after determining that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises, monitoring, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device; determining, based on the location information, a zone, of the premises, in which the unauthorized device is located; and determining, based on the determined zone and based on information that identifies, for each of a plurality of zones of the premises, a corresponding threat level, a security response associated with the corresponding threat level. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more wireless signals comprise at least one of: cellular signals, Bluetooth signals, ZigBee signals, Z-Wave signals, Thread signals, Wi-Fi signals, global system for mobile (GSM) communication signals, or code division multiple access (CDMA) signals. 11. A computing device comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing device to:
detect, from a first device, one or more wireless signals that indicate that the first device is within a proximity of a premises;
determine information associated with the first device;
determine, based on the information, that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises; and
send, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, at least one message. 12. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to send the at least one message to the unauthorized device by at least one of:
sending, to the unauthorized device, a text message indicating unauthorized presence at the premises; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, an audible message to be output by a speaker of the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, a message that emulates a wireless emergency alert; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device and sending, to the unauthorized device after determining that the phone call is answered, an audio message; or sending, to the unauthorized device, a request for authentication information. 13. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the at least one message is sent to the unauthorized device a plurality of times and at predefined time intervals. 14. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the at least one message is configured to cause the unauthorized device to perform an action comprising at least one of:
installing, on the unauthorized device, spy software; accessing data stored on the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the accessed data; capturing, using a camera of the unauthorized device, an image or video and sending, to one or more devices, the captured image or video; capturing, using a microphone of the unauthorized device, audio of surroundings of the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the captured audio; controlling, using a software application installed on the unauthorized device, to output an audible tone; controlling a light of the unauthorized device to flash on and off; placing a phone call to one or more devices; or sending, to one or more devices, GPS data associated with the unauthorized device. 15. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to determine the information associated with the first device by at least one of:
determining identification information of the first device; determining location information associated with the first device; or determining movement patterns associated with the first device. 16. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to:
send, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, a first access code for authorized access to a first zone of the premises. 17. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to:
monitor, based on the information, a movement pattern of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of a second zone, of the premises, different from the first zone; and based on determining that the unauthorized device is within the proximity of the second zone, cause a security response. 18. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the first access code permits the unauthorized device authorized access to the first zone for a time period, and
wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to:
monitor, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of the first zone after an expiration of the time period. 19. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the computing device to:
after determining that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises, monitor, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device; determine, based on the location information, a zone, of the premises, in which the unauthorized device is located; and determine, based on the determined zone and based on information that identifies, for each of a plurality of zones of the premises, a corresponding threat level, a security response associated with the corresponding threat level. 20. The computing device of claim 11, wherein the one or more wireless signals comprise at least one of: cellular signals, Bluetooth signals, ZigBee signals, Z-Wave signals, Thread signals, Wi-Fi signals, global system for mobile (GSM) communication signals, or code division multiple access (CDMA) signals. 21. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a computing device, cause:
detecting, from a first device, one or more wireless signals that indicate that the first device is within a proximity of a premises; determining information associated with the first device; determining, based on the information, that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises; and sending, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, at least one message. 22. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause sending the at least one message to the unauthorized device by at least one of:
sending, to the unauthorized device, a text message indicating unauthorized presence at the premises; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, an audible message to be output by a speaker of the unauthorized device; sending, to the unauthorized device, a message that emulates a wireless emergency alert; placing a phone call to the unauthorized device and sending, to the unauthorized device after determining that the phone call is answered, an audio message; or sending, to the unauthorized device, a request for authentication information. 23. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the at least one message is sent to the unauthorized device a plurality of times and at predefined time intervals. 24. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the at least one message is configured to cause the unauthorized device to perform an action comprising at least one of:
installing, on the unauthorized device, spy software; accessing data stored on the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the accessed data; capturing, using a camera of the unauthorized device, an image or video and sending, to one or more devices, the captured image or video; capturing, using a microphone of the unauthorized device, audio of surroundings of the unauthorized device and sending, to one or more devices, the captured audio; controlling, using a software application installed on the unauthorized device, to output an audible tone; controlling a light of the unauthorized device to flash on and off; placing a phone call to one or more devices; or sending, to one or more devices, GPS data associated with the unauthorized device. 25. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause determining the information associated with the first device by at least one of:
determining identification information of the first device; determining location information associated with the first device; or determining movement patterns associated with the first device. 26. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause:
sending, to the unauthorized device and based on the information, a first access code for authorized access to a first zone of the premises. 27. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause:
monitoring, based on the information, a movement pattern of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of a second zone, of the premises, different from the first zone; and based on determining that the unauthorized device is within the proximity of the second zone, causing a security response. 28. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the first access code permits the unauthorized device authorized access to the first zone for a time period, and
wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause:
monitoring, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device to determine whether the unauthorized device is within a proximity of the first zone after an expiration of the time period. 29. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the computing device, further cause:
after determining that the first device is an unauthorized device at the premises, monitoring, based on the information, location information of the unauthorized device; determining, based on the location information, a zone, of the premises, in which the unauthorized device is located; and determining, based on the determined zone and based on information that identifies, for each of a plurality of zones of the premises, a corresponding threat level, a security response associated with the corresponding threat level. 30. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 21, wherein the one or more wireless signals comprise at least one of: cellular signals, Bluetooth signals, ZigBee signals, Z-Wave signals, Thread signals, Wi-Fi signals, global system for mobile (GSM) communication signals, or code division multiple access (CDMA) signals. | 1,700 |
346,210 | 16,804,631 | 1,774 | A substrate accommodation device includes a casing, a gas supply that supplies a gas into the casing, and a transfer structure which retains substrates vertically spaced apart from each other and vertically transfers the substrates first-in-first-out from a carry-in position to a carry-out position within the casing. The gas heats or cools the substrates as the substrates are transferred first-in-first-out from the carry-in position to the carry-out position. | 1. A substrate accommodation device comprising:
a casing that accommodates a plurality of substrates; a temperature varying means for varying a temperature of the substrates accommodated in the casing; and a transfer structure which retains the plurality of substrates accommodated in the casing in a state in which the substrates are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval and which, within the casing, transfers the substrates from a carry-in position at which the substrates are transferred into the casing from an outside of the casing to a carry-out position from which the substrates are transferred to the outside of the casing, wherein the transfer structure is configured such that, as substrates are newly accommodated in the casing, substrates previously accommodated in the casing are successively transferred to the carry-out position. 2. The substrate accommodation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an exhaust means for evacuating the casing; and a gas supply means for introducing a gas into the casing, wherein the gas supply means functions as the temperature varying means. 3. The substrate accommodation device according to claim 2, wherein the transfer structure simultaneously transfers the plurality of substrates in the casing by driving a retaining body comprising a plurality of retaining portions that respectively retain the plurality of substrates. 4. The substrate accommodation device according to claim 1, wherein the transfer structure simultaneously transfers the plurality of substrates in the casing by driving a retaining body comprising a plurality of retaining portions that respectively retain the plurality of substrates. 5. The substrate accommodation device according to claim 4, wherein the retaining body comprises a first retaining body and a second retaining body, the first retaining body being driven independently from the second retaining body, and the retaining body transfers the substrates from the carry-in position to the carry-out position within the casing while simultaneously repeating an operation of delivering each of the plurality of substrates between a first retaining portion which is a retaining portion of the first retaining body and a second retaining portion which is a retaining portion of the second retaining body by respectively and alternately driving the first retaining body and the second retaining body. 6. The substrate accommodation device according to claim 5, wherein the first retaining body comprises a plurality of first retaining bodies and the second retaining body comprises a plurality of second retaining bodies, and the plurality of first retaining bodies are driven to perform an identical operation in conjunction with each other, and the plurality of second retaining bodies are driven to perform an identical operation in conjunction with each other. 7. A substrate accommodation device comprising:
a casing that accommodates a plurality of substrates; a gas supply that supplies a gas having a temperature into the casing to heat or cool the substrates; and a transfer structure which retains the plurality of substrates accommodated in the casing in a state in which the substrates are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval and which, within the casing, transfers each substrate of the plurality of substrates from a carry-in position at which the substrate is transferred into the casing from an outside of the casing to a carry-out position from which the substrate is transferred to the outside of the casing, wherein the transfer structure is configured such that, as a new substrate is transferred into the casing, substrates previously accommodated in the casing are successively transferred to the carry-out position. 8. The substrate accommodation device of claim 7, wherein the carry-out position is vertically above the carry-in position. 9. The substrate accommodation device of claim 8, wherein a the new substrate is transferred into the casing, the substrates previously accommodated in the casing are successively transferred vertically up the transfer structure from the carry-in position to the carry-out position, in a first in first out configuration. 10. The substrate accommodation device of claim 7, wherein the carry-out position is vertically below the carry-in position. 11. The substrate accommodation device of claim 7, further comprising:
an exhaust port through which the casing is evacuated to generate a vacuum state within the casing. 12. The substrate accommodation device of claim 7, wherein the transfer structure comprises:
a plurality of drive sources; a plurality of retaining bodies that extend within the casing and are configured to support the plurality of substrates; and a drive transfer device that transfers a drive force from the drive sources to the retaining bodies. 13. The substrate accommodation device of claim 12, wherein the plurality of retaining bodies comprise a plurality of first retaining bodies and a plurality of second retaining bodies, wherein the plurality of first retaining bodies are connected to a first drive source of the plurality of drive sources that rotates the first retaining bodies and to a second drive source of the plurality of drive sources that raises and lowers the first retaining bodies, and the plurality of second retaining bodies are connected to a third drive source of the plurality of drive sources that rotates the plurality of second retaining bodies. 14. The substrate accommodation device of claim 13, wherein each of the first retaining bodies and each of the second retaining bodies is rotatable between a support position that supports the substrates and a retracted position that does not support the substrates. 15. A substrate accommodation device comprising:
a casing; a gas supply that supplies a gas into the casing; and a transfer structure which retains a plurality of substrates vertically spaced apart from each other and vertically transfers the plurality of substrates first-in-first-out from a carry-in position to a carry-out position within the casing, wherein the substrates are transferred from an outside the casing to the carry-in position through a first side of the casing, and transferred from the casing to the outside of the casing through a second side of the casing opposite to the first side, and wherein the gas heats or cools the substrates as the substrates are transferred first-in-first-out from the carry-in position to the carry-out position. 16. The substrate accommodation device of claim 15, further comprising:
an exhaust port through which the casing is evacuated to generate a vacuum state within the casing. 17. The substrate accommodation device of claim 15, wherein the carry-in position is located at a bottom of the casing and the carry-out position is located at a top of the casing, and the carry-out position is directly vertically above the carry-in position. 18. The substrate accommodation device of claim 17, wherein the transfer structure comprises:
a plurality of drive sources; a plurality of retaining bodies that extend within the casing and are configured to support the plurality of substrates; and a drive transfer device that transfers a drive force from the drive sources to the retaining bodies. 19. The substrate accommodation device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of retaining bodies comprise a plurality of first retaining bodies and a plurality of second retaining bodies, wherein the plurality of first retaining bodies are connected to a first drive source of the plurality of drive sources that rotates the first retaining bodies and to a second drive source of the plurality of drive sources that raises and lowers the first retaining bodies, and the plurality of second retaining bodies are connected to a third drive source of the plurality of drive sources that rotates the plurality of second retaining bodies. 20. The substrate accommodation device of claim 19, wherein each of the first retaining bodies and each of the second retaining bodies is rotatable between a support position that supports the substrates and a retracted position that does not support the substrates. | A substrate accommodation device includes a casing, a gas supply that supplies a gas into the casing, and a transfer structure which retains substrates vertically spaced apart from each other and vertically transfers the substrates first-in-first-out from a carry-in position to a carry-out position within the casing. The gas heats or cools the substrates as the substrates are transferred first-in-first-out from the carry-in position to the carry-out position.1. A substrate accommodation device comprising:
a casing that accommodates a plurality of substrates; a temperature varying means for varying a temperature of the substrates accommodated in the casing; and a transfer structure which retains the plurality of substrates accommodated in the casing in a state in which the substrates are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval and which, within the casing, transfers the substrates from a carry-in position at which the substrates are transferred into the casing from an outside of the casing to a carry-out position from which the substrates are transferred to the outside of the casing, wherein the transfer structure is configured such that, as substrates are newly accommodated in the casing, substrates previously accommodated in the casing are successively transferred to the carry-out position. 2. The substrate accommodation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an exhaust means for evacuating the casing; and a gas supply means for introducing a gas into the casing, wherein the gas supply means functions as the temperature varying means. 3. The substrate accommodation device according to claim 2, wherein the transfer structure simultaneously transfers the plurality of substrates in the casing by driving a retaining body comprising a plurality of retaining portions that respectively retain the plurality of substrates. 4. The substrate accommodation device according to claim 1, wherein the transfer structure simultaneously transfers the plurality of substrates in the casing by driving a retaining body comprising a plurality of retaining portions that respectively retain the plurality of substrates. 5. The substrate accommodation device according to claim 4, wherein the retaining body comprises a first retaining body and a second retaining body, the first retaining body being driven independently from the second retaining body, and the retaining body transfers the substrates from the carry-in position to the carry-out position within the casing while simultaneously repeating an operation of delivering each of the plurality of substrates between a first retaining portion which is a retaining portion of the first retaining body and a second retaining portion which is a retaining portion of the second retaining body by respectively and alternately driving the first retaining body and the second retaining body. 6. The substrate accommodation device according to claim 5, wherein the first retaining body comprises a plurality of first retaining bodies and the second retaining body comprises a plurality of second retaining bodies, and the plurality of first retaining bodies are driven to perform an identical operation in conjunction with each other, and the plurality of second retaining bodies are driven to perform an identical operation in conjunction with each other. 7. A substrate accommodation device comprising:
a casing that accommodates a plurality of substrates; a gas supply that supplies a gas having a temperature into the casing to heat or cool the substrates; and a transfer structure which retains the plurality of substrates accommodated in the casing in a state in which the substrates are spaced apart from each other at a predetermined interval and which, within the casing, transfers each substrate of the plurality of substrates from a carry-in position at which the substrate is transferred into the casing from an outside of the casing to a carry-out position from which the substrate is transferred to the outside of the casing, wherein the transfer structure is configured such that, as a new substrate is transferred into the casing, substrates previously accommodated in the casing are successively transferred to the carry-out position. 8. The substrate accommodation device of claim 7, wherein the carry-out position is vertically above the carry-in position. 9. The substrate accommodation device of claim 8, wherein a the new substrate is transferred into the casing, the substrates previously accommodated in the casing are successively transferred vertically up the transfer structure from the carry-in position to the carry-out position, in a first in first out configuration. 10. The substrate accommodation device of claim 7, wherein the carry-out position is vertically below the carry-in position. 11. The substrate accommodation device of claim 7, further comprising:
an exhaust port through which the casing is evacuated to generate a vacuum state within the casing. 12. The substrate accommodation device of claim 7, wherein the transfer structure comprises:
a plurality of drive sources; a plurality of retaining bodies that extend within the casing and are configured to support the plurality of substrates; and a drive transfer device that transfers a drive force from the drive sources to the retaining bodies. 13. The substrate accommodation device of claim 12, wherein the plurality of retaining bodies comprise a plurality of first retaining bodies and a plurality of second retaining bodies, wherein the plurality of first retaining bodies are connected to a first drive source of the plurality of drive sources that rotates the first retaining bodies and to a second drive source of the plurality of drive sources that raises and lowers the first retaining bodies, and the plurality of second retaining bodies are connected to a third drive source of the plurality of drive sources that rotates the plurality of second retaining bodies. 14. The substrate accommodation device of claim 13, wherein each of the first retaining bodies and each of the second retaining bodies is rotatable between a support position that supports the substrates and a retracted position that does not support the substrates. 15. A substrate accommodation device comprising:
a casing; a gas supply that supplies a gas into the casing; and a transfer structure which retains a plurality of substrates vertically spaced apart from each other and vertically transfers the plurality of substrates first-in-first-out from a carry-in position to a carry-out position within the casing, wherein the substrates are transferred from an outside the casing to the carry-in position through a first side of the casing, and transferred from the casing to the outside of the casing through a second side of the casing opposite to the first side, and wherein the gas heats or cools the substrates as the substrates are transferred first-in-first-out from the carry-in position to the carry-out position. 16. The substrate accommodation device of claim 15, further comprising:
an exhaust port through which the casing is evacuated to generate a vacuum state within the casing. 17. The substrate accommodation device of claim 15, wherein the carry-in position is located at a bottom of the casing and the carry-out position is located at a top of the casing, and the carry-out position is directly vertically above the carry-in position. 18. The substrate accommodation device of claim 17, wherein the transfer structure comprises:
a plurality of drive sources; a plurality of retaining bodies that extend within the casing and are configured to support the plurality of substrates; and a drive transfer device that transfers a drive force from the drive sources to the retaining bodies. 19. The substrate accommodation device of claim 18, wherein the plurality of retaining bodies comprise a plurality of first retaining bodies and a plurality of second retaining bodies, wherein the plurality of first retaining bodies are connected to a first drive source of the plurality of drive sources that rotates the first retaining bodies and to a second drive source of the plurality of drive sources that raises and lowers the first retaining bodies, and the plurality of second retaining bodies are connected to a third drive source of the plurality of drive sources that rotates the plurality of second retaining bodies. 20. The substrate accommodation device of claim 19, wherein each of the first retaining bodies and each of the second retaining bodies is rotatable between a support position that supports the substrates and a retracted position that does not support the substrates. | 1,700 |
346,211 | 16,804,665 | 1,774 | Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to various configurations of electrochemical oxidation, chlorine oxidation, oxychlorination, chlorination, and epoxidation reactions to form propylene oxide or ethylene oxide. | 1-19. (canceled) 20. A method, comprising:
(i) oxychlorinating metal chloride with metal ion in a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state in presence of an oxidant; (ii) withdrawing the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state and chlorinating propylene with the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state in saltwater to result in one or more products comprising propylene chlorohydrin (PCH) and 1,2-dichloropropane (DCP) and the metal chloride with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state; or withdrawing the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state and chlorinating ethylene with the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state in saltwater to result in one or more products comprising chloroethanol (CE) and ethylene dichloride (EDC) and the metal chloride with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state; (iii) separating the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or separating the one or more products comprising CE and EDC from the saltwater; (iv) hydrolyzing the DCP to the PCH in the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or hydrolyzing the EDC to the CE in the one or more products comprising CE and EDC; and (v) epoxidizing the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or the one or more products comprising CE and EDC with a base to form propylene oxide (PO) or ethylene oxide (EO), respectively. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the oxidant is hydrochloric acid (HCl) or HCl and oxygen or ozone. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein concentration of the oxidant is between about 0.1-10M. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the HCl is obtained from vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) process. 24. The method of claim 20, wherein the one or more products obtained after chlorinating propylene or ethylene further comprise HCl. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising separating the HCl and recirculating the HCl to the oxychlorination. 26. The method of claim 20, wherein the hydrolysis produces HCl. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising separating the HCl and recirculating the HCl to the oxychlorination. 28. The method of claim 20, wherein the chlorination results in between 20-90 wt % yield of PCH or between 20-90 wt % yield of CE. 29. The method of claim 20, wherein the oxychlorination, the chlorination, the hydrolysis, and the epoxidation reactions are carried out in saltwater. 30. The method of claim 20, wherein the saltwater comprises alkali metal chloride. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the alkali metal chloride is sodium chloride or potassium chloride. 32. The method of claim 20, wherein concentration of the metal chloride with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state entering the oxychlorination reaction is between about 0.5-2M; concentration of the metal chloride with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state entering the chlorination reaction is between about 0.1-1.8M; or combination thereof. 33. The method of claim 20, after the separation further comprising delivering the metal chloride solution back to the oxychlorination reaction. 34. The method of claim 20, wherein yield of the PO or yield of the EO is more than 90 wt % and/or space time yield (STY) of the PO or STY of the EO is more than 0.1. 35. The method of claim 20, after the epoxidation further comprising separating the metal chloride solution and delivering the metal chloride solution back to the oxychlorination reaction. 36. The method of claim 20, wherein the metal chloride with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state is CuCl and the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state is CuCl2. 37. A system, comprising:
an oxychlorination reactor operably connected to a chlorination reactor and configured to oxychlorinate metal chloride with metal ion in lower oxidation state to higher oxidation state in presence of oxidant; a chlorination reactor operably connected to the oxychlorination reactor wherein the chlorination reactor is configured to receive the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state from the oxychlorination reactor and chlorinate propylene or ethylene with the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state in saltwater to result in one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or one or more products comprising CE and EDC, respectively, and the metal chloride solution with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state; a separator operably connected to the chlorination reactor and configured to separate the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or the one or more products comprising CE and EDC from the metal chloride solution in the saltwater; a hydrolyzing chamber operably connected to the separator and configured to receive the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or the one or more products comprising CE and EDC from the separator and hydrolyze the DCP to the PCH or hydrolyze the DCE to the CE; and an epoxide reactor operably connected to the hydrolyzing chamber and configured to epoxidize the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or the one or more products comprising CE and EDC with a base to form PO or EO, respectively. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the oxychlorination reactor, the chlorination reactor, the hydrolyzing chamber, and the epoxide reactor are all configured to carry out the reactions in saltwater. 39. The system of claim 37, wherein the oxidant is HCl or HCl and oxygen or ozone. | Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to various configurations of electrochemical oxidation, chlorine oxidation, oxychlorination, chlorination, and epoxidation reactions to form propylene oxide or ethylene oxide.1-19. (canceled) 20. A method, comprising:
(i) oxychlorinating metal chloride with metal ion in a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state in presence of an oxidant; (ii) withdrawing the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state and chlorinating propylene with the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state in saltwater to result in one or more products comprising propylene chlorohydrin (PCH) and 1,2-dichloropropane (DCP) and the metal chloride with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state; or withdrawing the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state and chlorinating ethylene with the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state in saltwater to result in one or more products comprising chloroethanol (CE) and ethylene dichloride (EDC) and the metal chloride with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state; (iii) separating the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or separating the one or more products comprising CE and EDC from the saltwater; (iv) hydrolyzing the DCP to the PCH in the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or hydrolyzing the EDC to the CE in the one or more products comprising CE and EDC; and (v) epoxidizing the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or the one or more products comprising CE and EDC with a base to form propylene oxide (PO) or ethylene oxide (EO), respectively. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the oxidant is hydrochloric acid (HCl) or HCl and oxygen or ozone. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein concentration of the oxidant is between about 0.1-10M. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the HCl is obtained from vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) process. 24. The method of claim 20, wherein the one or more products obtained after chlorinating propylene or ethylene further comprise HCl. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising separating the HCl and recirculating the HCl to the oxychlorination. 26. The method of claim 20, wherein the hydrolysis produces HCl. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising separating the HCl and recirculating the HCl to the oxychlorination. 28. The method of claim 20, wherein the chlorination results in between 20-90 wt % yield of PCH or between 20-90 wt % yield of CE. 29. The method of claim 20, wherein the oxychlorination, the chlorination, the hydrolysis, and the epoxidation reactions are carried out in saltwater. 30. The method of claim 20, wherein the saltwater comprises alkali metal chloride. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the alkali metal chloride is sodium chloride or potassium chloride. 32. The method of claim 20, wherein concentration of the metal chloride with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state entering the oxychlorination reaction is between about 0.5-2M; concentration of the metal chloride with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state entering the chlorination reaction is between about 0.1-1.8M; or combination thereof. 33. The method of claim 20, after the separation further comprising delivering the metal chloride solution back to the oxychlorination reaction. 34. The method of claim 20, wherein yield of the PO or yield of the EO is more than 90 wt % and/or space time yield (STY) of the PO or STY of the EO is more than 0.1. 35. The method of claim 20, after the epoxidation further comprising separating the metal chloride solution and delivering the metal chloride solution back to the oxychlorination reaction. 36. The method of claim 20, wherein the metal chloride with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state is CuCl and the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state is CuCl2. 37. A system, comprising:
an oxychlorination reactor operably connected to a chlorination reactor and configured to oxychlorinate metal chloride with metal ion in lower oxidation state to higher oxidation state in presence of oxidant; a chlorination reactor operably connected to the oxychlorination reactor wherein the chlorination reactor is configured to receive the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state from the oxychlorination reactor and chlorinate propylene or ethylene with the metal chloride with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state in saltwater to result in one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or one or more products comprising CE and EDC, respectively, and the metal chloride solution with the metal ion in the lower oxidation state; a separator operably connected to the chlorination reactor and configured to separate the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or the one or more products comprising CE and EDC from the metal chloride solution in the saltwater; a hydrolyzing chamber operably connected to the separator and configured to receive the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or the one or more products comprising CE and EDC from the separator and hydrolyze the DCP to the PCH or hydrolyze the DCE to the CE; and an epoxide reactor operably connected to the hydrolyzing chamber and configured to epoxidize the one or more products comprising PCH and DCP or the one or more products comprising CE and EDC with a base to form PO or EO, respectively. 38. The system of claim 37, wherein the oxychlorination reactor, the chlorination reactor, the hydrolyzing chamber, and the epoxide reactor are all configured to carry out the reactions in saltwater. 39. The system of claim 37, wherein the oxidant is HCl or HCl and oxygen or ozone. | 1,700 |
346,212 | 16,804,624 | 1,774 | A sounding reference signal sending method, a sounding reference signal receiving method, an apparatus, and a system relating to the field of communications technologies, to improve SRS resource utilization and reduce resource waste are disclosed. The method includes: receiving, by a terminal device, SRS configuration information sent by a network side device, where the SRS configuration information includes first-type indication information used to instruct the terminal device to trigger, based on uplink data, sending of an SRS; and once there is the uplink data needing to be transmitted, sending the SRS on an SRS resource. | 1. A sounding reference signal (SRS) sending method, applied to a terminal device, comprising:
receiving SRS configuration information sent by a network side device, wherein the SRS configuration information comprises first-type indication information used to instruct the terminal device to trigger, based on uplink data, sending of an SRS; and once there is the uplink data needing to be transmitted, sending the SRS on an SRS resource. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the SRS configuration information further comprises configuration information of the SRS resource. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending the SRS on an SRS resource comprises:
sending the SRS on each SRS resource that is between a first moment and a second moment, wherein the first moment is a moment at which the uplink data is detected or a buffer status report BSR is detected, and the second moment is a moment at which downlink control information that is sent by the network side device and that corresponds to the uplink data is received. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending the SRS on an SRS resource comprises:
sending the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment, wherein the first moment is a moment at which the uplink data is detected or a BSR is detected, K≥1, and K is an integer. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a sum of bandwidths of M SRS resources is equal to a bandwidth of a grant-based (GB) resource, or a sum of bandwidths of N SRS resources is equal to a total bandwidth available for the SRS resource, wherein M≥1, M is an integer, N≥1, and N is an integer. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
transmitting the uplink data on a grant-free (GF) resource, wherein a period of the GF resource is greater than or equal to a SRS resource period, and J SRS resources exist in the period of the GF resource; and the sending the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment comprises: sending the SRS on the K SRS resources that are during a period when the uplink data is transmitted, wherein K={M, N, J}. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein when K={M, N}, the sending the SRS on the K SRS resources that are during a period when the uplink data is transmitted comprises:
sending the SRS on the last K SRS resources that are during the period when the uplink data is transmitted. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
transmitting the uplink data on a GF resource, wherein a period of the GF resource is less than a SRS resource period, and the sending the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment comprises: correspondingly sending the SRS on the first K SRS resources that are after the first moment, wherein K=N. 9. A sounding reference signal (SRS) receiving method, applied to a network side device, comprising:
sending SRS configuration information to a terminal device, wherein the SRS configuration information comprises first-type indication information used to instruct the terminal device to trigger, based on uplink data, sending of an SRS; and receiving the SRS that is sent by the terminal device based on the SRS configuration information. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the SRS configuration information further comprises configuration information of a resource used to send the SRS. 11. A terminal device, comprising:
a receiving unit, configured to receive sounding reference signal (SRS) configuration information sent by a network side device, wherein the SRS configuration information comprises first-type indication information used to instruct a sending unit to trigger, based on uplink data, sending of an SRS; a buffer unit, configured to buffer the uplink data; and the sending unit, configured to: once there is the uplink data needing to be transmitted in the buffer unit, send the SRS on an SRS resource. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the SRS configuration information further comprises configuration information of the SRS resource. 13. The terminal device according to claim 11, wherein the sending, by the sending unit, the SRS on an SRS resource specifically comprises:
sending the SRS on each SRS resource that is between a first moment and a second moment, wherein the first moment is a moment at which the uplink data is detected or a buffer status report BSR is detected, and the second moment is a moment at which downlink control information that is sent by the network side and that corresponds to the uplink data is received. 14. The terminal device according to claim 11, wherein the sending, by the sending unit, the SRS on an SRS resource specifically comprises:
sending the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment, wherein the first moment is a moment at which the uplink data is detected or a BSR is detected, K≥1, and K is an integer. 15. The terminal device according to claim 14, wherein a sum of bandwidths of M SRS resources is equal to a bandwidth of a grant-based (GB) resource, or a sum of bandwidths of N SRS resources is equal to a total bandwidth available for the SRS resource, wherein M≥1, M is an integer, N≥1, and N is an integer. 16. The terminal device according to claim 15, wherein
the sending unit is further configured to transmit the uplink data on a grant-free (GF) resource, wherein a period of the GF resource is greater than or equal to a SRS resource period, and J SRS resources exist in the period of the GF resource; and the sending, by the sending unit, the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment specifically comprises: sending the SRS on the K SRS resources that are during a period when the uplink data is transmitted, wherein K={M, N, J}. 17. The terminal device according to claim 16, wherein when K={M, N}, the sending, by the sending unit, the SRS on the K SRS resources that are during a period when the uplink data is transmitted specifically comprises:
sending the SRS on the last K SRS resources that are during the period when the uplink data is transmitted. 18. The terminal device according to claim 15, wherein
the sending unit is further configured to transmit the uplink data on a GF resource, wherein a period of the GF resource is less than a SRS resource period; and the sending, by the sending unit, the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment specifically comprises: sending the SRS on the first K SRS resources that are after the first moment, wherein K=N. 19. A network side device, comprising:
a sending unit, configured to send sound reference signal (SRS) configuration information to a terminal device, wherein the SRS configuration information comprises first-type indication information used to instruct the terminal device to trigger, based on uplink data, sending of an SRS; and a receiving unit, configured to receive the SRS that is sent by the terminal device based on the SRS configuration information. 20. The network side device according to claim 19, wherein the SRS configuration information further comprises configuration information of a resource used to send the SRS. | A sounding reference signal sending method, a sounding reference signal receiving method, an apparatus, and a system relating to the field of communications technologies, to improve SRS resource utilization and reduce resource waste are disclosed. The method includes: receiving, by a terminal device, SRS configuration information sent by a network side device, where the SRS configuration information includes first-type indication information used to instruct the terminal device to trigger, based on uplink data, sending of an SRS; and once there is the uplink data needing to be transmitted, sending the SRS on an SRS resource.1. A sounding reference signal (SRS) sending method, applied to a terminal device, comprising:
receiving SRS configuration information sent by a network side device, wherein the SRS configuration information comprises first-type indication information used to instruct the terminal device to trigger, based on uplink data, sending of an SRS; and once there is the uplink data needing to be transmitted, sending the SRS on an SRS resource. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the SRS configuration information further comprises configuration information of the SRS resource. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending the SRS on an SRS resource comprises:
sending the SRS on each SRS resource that is between a first moment and a second moment, wherein the first moment is a moment at which the uplink data is detected or a buffer status report BSR is detected, and the second moment is a moment at which downlink control information that is sent by the network side device and that corresponds to the uplink data is received. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sending the SRS on an SRS resource comprises:
sending the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment, wherein the first moment is a moment at which the uplink data is detected or a BSR is detected, K≥1, and K is an integer. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein a sum of bandwidths of M SRS resources is equal to a bandwidth of a grant-based (GB) resource, or a sum of bandwidths of N SRS resources is equal to a total bandwidth available for the SRS resource, wherein M≥1, M is an integer, N≥1, and N is an integer. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
transmitting the uplink data on a grant-free (GF) resource, wherein a period of the GF resource is greater than or equal to a SRS resource period, and J SRS resources exist in the period of the GF resource; and the sending the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment comprises: sending the SRS on the K SRS resources that are during a period when the uplink data is transmitted, wherein K={M, N, J}. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein when K={M, N}, the sending the SRS on the K SRS resources that are during a period when the uplink data is transmitted comprises:
sending the SRS on the last K SRS resources that are during the period when the uplink data is transmitted. 8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
transmitting the uplink data on a GF resource, wherein a period of the GF resource is less than a SRS resource period, and the sending the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment comprises: correspondingly sending the SRS on the first K SRS resources that are after the first moment, wherein K=N. 9. A sounding reference signal (SRS) receiving method, applied to a network side device, comprising:
sending SRS configuration information to a terminal device, wherein the SRS configuration information comprises first-type indication information used to instruct the terminal device to trigger, based on uplink data, sending of an SRS; and receiving the SRS that is sent by the terminal device based on the SRS configuration information. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the SRS configuration information further comprises configuration information of a resource used to send the SRS. 11. A terminal device, comprising:
a receiving unit, configured to receive sounding reference signal (SRS) configuration information sent by a network side device, wherein the SRS configuration information comprises first-type indication information used to instruct a sending unit to trigger, based on uplink data, sending of an SRS; a buffer unit, configured to buffer the uplink data; and the sending unit, configured to: once there is the uplink data needing to be transmitted in the buffer unit, send the SRS on an SRS resource. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the SRS configuration information further comprises configuration information of the SRS resource. 13. The terminal device according to claim 11, wherein the sending, by the sending unit, the SRS on an SRS resource specifically comprises:
sending the SRS on each SRS resource that is between a first moment and a second moment, wherein the first moment is a moment at which the uplink data is detected or a buffer status report BSR is detected, and the second moment is a moment at which downlink control information that is sent by the network side and that corresponds to the uplink data is received. 14. The terminal device according to claim 11, wherein the sending, by the sending unit, the SRS on an SRS resource specifically comprises:
sending the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment, wherein the first moment is a moment at which the uplink data is detected or a BSR is detected, K≥1, and K is an integer. 15. The terminal device according to claim 14, wherein a sum of bandwidths of M SRS resources is equal to a bandwidth of a grant-based (GB) resource, or a sum of bandwidths of N SRS resources is equal to a total bandwidth available for the SRS resource, wherein M≥1, M is an integer, N≥1, and N is an integer. 16. The terminal device according to claim 15, wherein
the sending unit is further configured to transmit the uplink data on a grant-free (GF) resource, wherein a period of the GF resource is greater than or equal to a SRS resource period, and J SRS resources exist in the period of the GF resource; and the sending, by the sending unit, the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment specifically comprises: sending the SRS on the K SRS resources that are during a period when the uplink data is transmitted, wherein K={M, N, J}. 17. The terminal device according to claim 16, wherein when K={M, N}, the sending, by the sending unit, the SRS on the K SRS resources that are during a period when the uplink data is transmitted specifically comprises:
sending the SRS on the last K SRS resources that are during the period when the uplink data is transmitted. 18. The terminal device according to claim 15, wherein
the sending unit is further configured to transmit the uplink data on a GF resource, wherein a period of the GF resource is less than a SRS resource period; and the sending, by the sending unit, the SRS on K SRS resources that are after a first moment specifically comprises: sending the SRS on the first K SRS resources that are after the first moment, wherein K=N. 19. A network side device, comprising:
a sending unit, configured to send sound reference signal (SRS) configuration information to a terminal device, wherein the SRS configuration information comprises first-type indication information used to instruct the terminal device to trigger, based on uplink data, sending of an SRS; and a receiving unit, configured to receive the SRS that is sent by the terminal device based on the SRS configuration information. 20. The network side device according to claim 19, wherein the SRS configuration information further comprises configuration information of a resource used to send the SRS. | 1,700 |
346,213 | 16,804,663 | 1,774 | An eccentric rotary valve includes valve elements arranged symmetric around the valve shaft axis, and valve element valve seats and valve body valve seats which are elliptic conical surfaces made of metal. Each valve element has an elliptic spherical surface, an elliptic conical surface, or a completely spherical surface to which one of the valve element valve seats is continuously and steplessly connected. The axes of the valve seats are offset from the valve shaft axis in the valve closing direction such that, when the valve shaft is rotated in the valve opening direction, the valve element valve seats instantly separate from the valve body valve seats. Flow regulating plates are disposed in the valve body between the valve elements to ensure smooth flow of fluid. Ribs are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft and forwardly, in the valve opening direction, of the respective valve elements. | 1. An eccentric rotary valve comprising:
a valve body which is tubular in shape and through which fluid can flow, the valve body having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a valve shaft inserted in the valve body and having a center axis; a first valve element and a second valve element that are disposed on the valve shaft so as to be symmetrical to each other with respect to the center axis of the valve shaft, the first and second valve elements defining therebetween a through-passage configured to communicate with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet of the valve body; a first valve body valve seat and a second valve body valve seat that are disposed in the valve body adjacent to the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, respectively; and a first valve element valve seat and a second valve element valve seat that are disposed, respectively, on the first and second valve elements, and configured to abut, respectively, the first and second valve body valve seats, wherein each of the first and second valve elements has a surface selected from an elliptic spherical surface, an elliptic conical surface and a completely spherical surface, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats are elliptic spherical surfaces made of metal and forming a metal seal structure, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats are continuously and steplessly connected, respectively, to the surfaces of the first and second valve elements, and wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats have center axes, respectively, that are offset from the center axis of the valve shaft in a valve closing direction. 2. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 1, further comprising a flow regulating plate disposed between the first and second valve elements and extending in a fluid flow direction in the through-passage. 3. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 1, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 4. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 2, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 5. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 1, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 6. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 2, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 7. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 4, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 8. An eccentric rotary valve comprising:
a valve body which is tubular in shape and through which fluid can flow, the valve body having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a valve shaft inserted in the valve body and having a center axis; a first valve element and a second valve element that are disposed on the valve shaft so as to be symmetrical to each other with respect to the center axis of the valve shaft, the first and second valve elements defining therebetween a through-passage configured to communicate with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet of the valve body; a first valve body valve seat and a second valve body valve seat that are disposed in the valve body adjacent to the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, respectively; and a first valve element valve seat and a second valve element valve seat that are disposed, respectively, on the first and second valve elements, and configured to abut, respectively, the first and second valve body valve seats, wherein each of the first and second valve elements has a surface selected from an elliptic spherical surface, an elliptic conical surface and a completely spherical surface, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats are made of metal and forming a metal seal structure, with the first and second valve element valve seats being elliptic spherical surfaces, and the first and second valve body valve seats being elliptic conical surfaces, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats are continuously and steplessly connected, respectively, to the surfaces of the first and second valve elements, and wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats have center axes, respectively, that are offset from the center axis of the valve shaft in a valve closing direction. 9. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 8, further comprising a flow regulating plate disposed between the first and second valve elements and extending in a fluid flow direction in the through-passage. 10. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 8, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 11. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 9, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 12. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 8, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 13. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 9, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 14. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 11, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 15. An eccentric rotary valve comprising:
a valve body which is tubular in shape and through which fluid can flow, the valve body having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a valve shaft inserted in the valve body and having a center axis; a first valve element and a second valve element that are disposed on the valve shaft so as to be symmetrical to each other with respect to the center axis of the valve shaft, the first and second valve elements defining therebetween a through-passage configured to communicate with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet of the valve body; a first valve body valve seat and a second valve body valve seat that are disposed in the valve body adjacent to the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, respectively; and a first valve element valve seat and a second valve element valve seat that are disposed, respectively, on the first and second valve elements, and configured to abut, respectively, the first and second valve body valve seats, wherein each of the first and second valve elements has a surface comprising an elliptic spherical surface, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats are elliptic conical surfaces made of metal and forming a metal seal structure, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats are continuously and steplessly connected, respectively, to the surfaces of the first and second valve elements, and wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats have center axes, respectively, that are offset from the center axis of the valve shaft in a valve closing direction. 16. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 15, further comprising a flow regulating plate disposed between the first and second valve elements and extending in a fluid flow direction in the through-passage. 17. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 15, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 18. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 16, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 19. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 15, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 20. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 16, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. | An eccentric rotary valve includes valve elements arranged symmetric around the valve shaft axis, and valve element valve seats and valve body valve seats which are elliptic conical surfaces made of metal. Each valve element has an elliptic spherical surface, an elliptic conical surface, or a completely spherical surface to which one of the valve element valve seats is continuously and steplessly connected. The axes of the valve seats are offset from the valve shaft axis in the valve closing direction such that, when the valve shaft is rotated in the valve opening direction, the valve element valve seats instantly separate from the valve body valve seats. Flow regulating plates are disposed in the valve body between the valve elements to ensure smooth flow of fluid. Ribs are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft and forwardly, in the valve opening direction, of the respective valve elements.1. An eccentric rotary valve comprising:
a valve body which is tubular in shape and through which fluid can flow, the valve body having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a valve shaft inserted in the valve body and having a center axis; a first valve element and a second valve element that are disposed on the valve shaft so as to be symmetrical to each other with respect to the center axis of the valve shaft, the first and second valve elements defining therebetween a through-passage configured to communicate with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet of the valve body; a first valve body valve seat and a second valve body valve seat that are disposed in the valve body adjacent to the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, respectively; and a first valve element valve seat and a second valve element valve seat that are disposed, respectively, on the first and second valve elements, and configured to abut, respectively, the first and second valve body valve seats, wherein each of the first and second valve elements has a surface selected from an elliptic spherical surface, an elliptic conical surface and a completely spherical surface, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats are elliptic spherical surfaces made of metal and forming a metal seal structure, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats are continuously and steplessly connected, respectively, to the surfaces of the first and second valve elements, and wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats have center axes, respectively, that are offset from the center axis of the valve shaft in a valve closing direction. 2. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 1, further comprising a flow regulating plate disposed between the first and second valve elements and extending in a fluid flow direction in the through-passage. 3. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 1, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 4. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 2, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 5. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 1, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 6. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 2, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 7. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 4, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 8. An eccentric rotary valve comprising:
a valve body which is tubular in shape and through which fluid can flow, the valve body having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a valve shaft inserted in the valve body and having a center axis; a first valve element and a second valve element that are disposed on the valve shaft so as to be symmetrical to each other with respect to the center axis of the valve shaft, the first and second valve elements defining therebetween a through-passage configured to communicate with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet of the valve body; a first valve body valve seat and a second valve body valve seat that are disposed in the valve body adjacent to the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, respectively; and a first valve element valve seat and a second valve element valve seat that are disposed, respectively, on the first and second valve elements, and configured to abut, respectively, the first and second valve body valve seats, wherein each of the first and second valve elements has a surface selected from an elliptic spherical surface, an elliptic conical surface and a completely spherical surface, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats are made of metal and forming a metal seal structure, with the first and second valve element valve seats being elliptic spherical surfaces, and the first and second valve body valve seats being elliptic conical surfaces, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats are continuously and steplessly connected, respectively, to the surfaces of the first and second valve elements, and wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats have center axes, respectively, that are offset from the center axis of the valve shaft in a valve closing direction. 9. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 8, further comprising a flow regulating plate disposed between the first and second valve elements and extending in a fluid flow direction in the through-passage. 10. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 8, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 11. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 9, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 12. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 8, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 13. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 9, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 14. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 11, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 15. An eccentric rotary valve comprising:
a valve body which is tubular in shape and through which fluid can flow, the valve body having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a valve shaft inserted in the valve body and having a center axis; a first valve element and a second valve element that are disposed on the valve shaft so as to be symmetrical to each other with respect to the center axis of the valve shaft, the first and second valve elements defining therebetween a through-passage configured to communicate with the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet of the valve body; a first valve body valve seat and a second valve body valve seat that are disposed in the valve body adjacent to the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, respectively; and a first valve element valve seat and a second valve element valve seat that are disposed, respectively, on the first and second valve elements, and configured to abut, respectively, the first and second valve body valve seats, wherein each of the first and second valve elements has a surface comprising an elliptic spherical surface, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats are elliptic conical surfaces made of metal and forming a metal seal structure, wherein the first and second valve element valve seats are continuously and steplessly connected, respectively, to the surfaces of the first and second valve elements, and wherein the first and second valve element valve seats and the first and second valve body valve seats have center axes, respectively, that are offset from the center axis of the valve shaft in a valve closing direction. 16. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 15, further comprising a flow regulating plate disposed between the first and second valve elements and extending in a fluid flow direction in the through-passage. 17. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 15, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 18. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 16, further comprising a first rib and a second rib that are disposed on opposite sides of the valve shaft at locations forwardly, in a valve opening direction with the eccentric rotary valve closed, of the first and second valve elements, respectively, so as to extend between valve shaft mounting portions to which the valve shaft is mounted and so as to be adjacent, with the eccentric rotary valve open, to the first and second valve body valve seats, respectively, and wherein each of the first and second ribs has a surface formed with a groove extending in a circumferential direction of the valve body. 19. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 15, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. 20. The eccentric rotary valve of claim 16, wherein the center axes of the first and second valve body valve seats and the first and second valve element valve seats are inclined at predetermined angles relative to a center axis of the valve body such that, with the eccentric rotary valve closed, the first and second valve body valve seats are in contact with corresponding ones of the first and second valve element valve seats along complete circles that lie on planes perpendicular to the center axis of the valve body. | 1,700 |
346,214 | 16,804,652 | 2,675 | A system is disclosed. The system at least one physical memory device to store monitoring logic and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute the monitoring logic to receive a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one physical memory device to store monitoring logic; and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute monitoring logic to: receive first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic generates the first and second ink deposition data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic does not transmit the signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic to generate first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data and generate second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a print controller comprising the physical memory device and the one or more processors to execute the printer monitoring logic. 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a print engine to receive the signal. 9. At least one computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
receive a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 9, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the processors to generate the first and second ink deposition data. 11. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the signal is not generated upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 12. The computer readable medium of claim 9, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the processors to:
generate first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data; and generate second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 13. The computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 14. The computer readable medium of claim 13, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. 15. A method comprising:
receiving a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determining whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmitting a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising generating the first and second ink deposition data. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the signal is not generated upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising;
generating first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data; and generating second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. | A system is disclosed. The system at least one physical memory device to store monitoring logic and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute the monitoring logic to receive a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold.1. A system comprising:
at least one physical memory device to store monitoring logic; and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute monitoring logic to: receive first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic generates the first and second ink deposition data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic does not transmit the signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic to generate first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data and generate second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a print controller comprising the physical memory device and the one or more processors to execute the printer monitoring logic. 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a print engine to receive the signal. 9. At least one computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
receive a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 9, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the processors to generate the first and second ink deposition data. 11. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the signal is not generated upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 12. The computer readable medium of claim 9, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the processors to:
generate first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data; and generate second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 13. The computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 14. The computer readable medium of claim 13, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. 15. A method comprising:
receiving a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determining whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmitting a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising generating the first and second ink deposition data. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the signal is not generated upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising;
generating first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data; and generating second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. | 2,600 |
346,215 | 16,804,659 | 3,666 | A system is disclosed. The system at least one physical memory device to store monitoring logic and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute the monitoring logic to receive a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. | 1. A system comprising:
at least one physical memory device to store monitoring logic; and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute monitoring logic to: receive first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic generates the first and second ink deposition data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic does not transmit the signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic to generate first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data and generate second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a print controller comprising the physical memory device and the one or more processors to execute the printer monitoring logic. 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a print engine to receive the signal. 9. At least one computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
receive a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 9, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the processors to generate the first and second ink deposition data. 11. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the signal is not generated upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 12. The computer readable medium of claim 9, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the processors to:
generate first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data; and generate second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 13. The computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 14. The computer readable medium of claim 13, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. 15. A method comprising:
receiving a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determining whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmitting a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising generating the first and second ink deposition data. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the signal is not generated upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising;
generating first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data; and generating second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. | A system is disclosed. The system at least one physical memory device to store monitoring logic and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute the monitoring logic to receive a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold.1. A system comprising:
at least one physical memory device to store monitoring logic; and one or more processors coupled with the at least one physical memory device, to execute monitoring logic to: receive first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic generates the first and second ink deposition data. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic does not transmit the signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring logic to generate first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data and generate second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a print controller comprising the physical memory device and the one or more processors to execute the printer monitoring logic. 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising a print engine to receive the signal. 9. At least one computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to:
receive a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determine whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmit a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 9, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the processors to generate the first and second ink deposition data. 11. The computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the signal is not generated upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 12. The computer readable medium of claim 9, having instructions stored thereon, which when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the processors to:
generate first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data; and generate second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 13. The computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 14. The computer readable medium of claim 13, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. 15. A method comprising:
receiving a first and a second ink deposition data representing an output ink amount versus an input digital count for each of a plurality of color planes, wherein digital count comprises a gray level representing pixels in a bitmap; determining whether a difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds a predetermined threshold; and transmitting a signal upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data exceeds the predetermined threshold. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising generating the first and second ink deposition data. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the signal is not generated upon a determination that the difference between the first ink deposition data and the second ink deposition data does not exceed the predetermined threshold. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising;
generating first calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the first ink deposition data; and generating second calibrated ink deposition data for each of the plurality of color planes based on the second ink deposition data, wherein the difference is determined between the first calibrated ink deposition data and the second calibrated ink deposition data. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein generating the first and second calibrated ink deposition data further comprises performing a direct conversion of the ink deposition data to generate calibrated ink deposition data by applying a transfer function to the ink deposition data. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the transfer function comprises a mapping of input digital count to output digital count of the system. | 3,600 |
346,216 | 16,804,672 | 3,666 | A processor-implemented data processing method includes: predicting whether there will be an inefficient section, of a neural network set to be implemented, during a processing of data, based on a hardware configuration for processing the data; adjusting a layer parameter corresponding to the inefficient section of the neural network; and processing the data using the neural network with the adjusted layer parameter. | 1. A processor-implemented data processing method, the method comprising:
predicting whether there will be an inefficient section, of a neural network set to be implemented, during a processing of data, based on a hardware configuration for processing the data; adjusting a layer parameter corresponding to the inefficient section of the neural network; and processing the data using the neural network with the adjusted layer parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hardware configuration corresponds to a data size of a memory. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the data size of the memory comprises a set number of tile data blocks. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the inefficient section corresponds to a layer of the neural network in which a data size of a generated feature map exceeds the set data size of the set number of tile data blocks. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer parameter comprises any one or any combination of any two or more of a size of kernel data, a corresponding number of paddings, and a corresponding number of strides. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting of the layer parameter comprises adjusting the layer parameter by increasing a size of kernel data corresponding to the inefficient section. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the increasing of the size of the kernel data comprises increasing the size of the kernel data by performing zero padding on the kernel data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting of the layer parameter comprises adjusting the layer parameter by decreasing a number of paddings of feature map data, to be input to a next layer of the neural network, corresponding to the inefficient section. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting of the layer parameter comprises adjusting the layer parameter by increasing a number of strides for convolution of feature map data corresponding to the inefficient section. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein
the predicting of whether there will be the inefficient section during processing of the data comprises determining whether there will be the inefficient section based on predetermined layer parameters including the layer parameter, and each of the predetermined layer parameters corresponds to a respective layer among layers of the neural network at which the data is to be processed. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the predicting of whether there will be the inefficient section during processing of the data comprises determining whether there will be the inefficient section based on a determined number of operation cycles at each of the layers. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether a processing of the data in the inefficient section is improved based on the processing of the data with the adjusted layer parameter. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the determining of whether the processing of the data in the inefficient section is improved comprises comparing:
a first number of operation cycles to process the data in one or more layers of the neural network using the layer parameter; and a second number of operation cycles to process the data in the one or more layers of the neural network with the adjusted layer parameter. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the determining of whether the processing of the data in the inefficient section is improved comprises determining the processing of the data in the inefficient section is improved in response to the first number of operation cycles being greater than the second number of operation cycles. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the data comprises feature map data corresponding to an input image, and the processing of the data comprises identifying features of the input image by performing a convolution operation with the adjusted layer parameter. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, configure the one or more processors to perform the method of claim 1. 17. A data processing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
one or more processors configured to
predict whether there will be an inefficient section, of a neural network set to be implemented, during a processing of data, based on a hardware configuration for processing the data,
adjust a layer parameter corresponding to the inefficient section of the neural network, and
process the data using the neural network with the adjusted layer parameter. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the hardware configuration corresponds to a data size of a memory. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the layer parameter comprises any one or any combination of any two or more of a size of kernel data, a number of paddings, and a number of strides. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, for the adjusting of the layer parameter, the one or more processors are configured to adjust the layer parameter by increasing a size of kernel data corresponding to the inefficient section. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein, for the increasing of the size of the kernel data, the one or more processors are configured to increase the size of the kernel data by performing zero padding on the kernel data. 22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, for the adjusting of the layer parameter, the one or more processors are configured to adjust the layer parameter by decreasing a number of paddings of feature map data corresponding to the inefficient section. 23. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, for the adjusting of the layer parameter, the one or more processors are configured to adjust the layer parameter by increasing a number of strides of feature map data corresponding to the inefficient section. 24. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, for the predicting of whether there will be the inefficient section, the one or more processors are configured to determine whether there will be the inefficient section based on predetermined layer parameters including the layer parameter, and
each of the predetermined layer parameters corresponds to a respective layer among layers of the neural network at which the data is to be processed. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein, for the predicting of whether there will be the inefficient section, the one or more processors are configured to determine whether there will be the inefficient section based on a determined number of operation cycles at each of the layers. 26. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine whether the processing of the data in the inefficient section is improved based on the processing of the data with the adjusted layer parameter. 27. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein
the apparatus is any one of a personal computer (PC), a server device, a mobile device, a smart phone, a tablet device, an augmented reality (AR) device, an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an autonomous vehicle, a robotics device, and a medical device, and the one or more processors are configured to perform any one of voice recognition, vision recognition, and image classification based on a result of the processing of the data. 28. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, configure the one or more processors to perform the predicting of whether the inefficient section will be generated, the adjusting of the neural network layer parameter, and the processing of the data. 29. A processor-implemented data processing method, the method comprising:
predicting whether an inefficient section will be generated during a processing of data in a layer of a neural network, based on a determined number of operation cycles for the processing of the data in the layer; in response to predicting the inefficient section will be generated, adjusting a parameter of the layer, such that a data size of a feature map generated in the layer based on the data does not exceed a data size of a set number of tile data blocks in a memory; and processing the data in the layer with the adjusted layer parameter to generate the feature map. | A processor-implemented data processing method includes: predicting whether there will be an inefficient section, of a neural network set to be implemented, during a processing of data, based on a hardware configuration for processing the data; adjusting a layer parameter corresponding to the inefficient section of the neural network; and processing the data using the neural network with the adjusted layer parameter.1. A processor-implemented data processing method, the method comprising:
predicting whether there will be an inefficient section, of a neural network set to be implemented, during a processing of data, based on a hardware configuration for processing the data; adjusting a layer parameter corresponding to the inefficient section of the neural network; and processing the data using the neural network with the adjusted layer parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hardware configuration corresponds to a data size of a memory. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the data size of the memory comprises a set number of tile data blocks. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the inefficient section corresponds to a layer of the neural network in which a data size of a generated feature map exceeds the set data size of the set number of tile data blocks. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the layer parameter comprises any one or any combination of any two or more of a size of kernel data, a corresponding number of paddings, and a corresponding number of strides. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting of the layer parameter comprises adjusting the layer parameter by increasing a size of kernel data corresponding to the inefficient section. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the increasing of the size of the kernel data comprises increasing the size of the kernel data by performing zero padding on the kernel data. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting of the layer parameter comprises adjusting the layer parameter by decreasing a number of paddings of feature map data, to be input to a next layer of the neural network, corresponding to the inefficient section. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjusting of the layer parameter comprises adjusting the layer parameter by increasing a number of strides for convolution of feature map data corresponding to the inefficient section. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein
the predicting of whether there will be the inefficient section during processing of the data comprises determining whether there will be the inefficient section based on predetermined layer parameters including the layer parameter, and each of the predetermined layer parameters corresponds to a respective layer among layers of the neural network at which the data is to be processed. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the predicting of whether there will be the inefficient section during processing of the data comprises determining whether there will be the inefficient section based on a determined number of operation cycles at each of the layers. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether a processing of the data in the inefficient section is improved based on the processing of the data with the adjusted layer parameter. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the determining of whether the processing of the data in the inefficient section is improved comprises comparing:
a first number of operation cycles to process the data in one or more layers of the neural network using the layer parameter; and a second number of operation cycles to process the data in the one or more layers of the neural network with the adjusted layer parameter. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the determining of whether the processing of the data in the inefficient section is improved comprises determining the processing of the data in the inefficient section is improved in response to the first number of operation cycles being greater than the second number of operation cycles. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the data comprises feature map data corresponding to an input image, and the processing of the data comprises identifying features of the input image by performing a convolution operation with the adjusted layer parameter. 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, configure the one or more processors to perform the method of claim 1. 17. A data processing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
one or more processors configured to
predict whether there will be an inefficient section, of a neural network set to be implemented, during a processing of data, based on a hardware configuration for processing the data,
adjust a layer parameter corresponding to the inefficient section of the neural network, and
process the data using the neural network with the adjusted layer parameter. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the hardware configuration corresponds to a data size of a memory. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the layer parameter comprises any one or any combination of any two or more of a size of kernel data, a number of paddings, and a number of strides. 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, for the adjusting of the layer parameter, the one or more processors are configured to adjust the layer parameter by increasing a size of kernel data corresponding to the inefficient section. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein, for the increasing of the size of the kernel data, the one or more processors are configured to increase the size of the kernel data by performing zero padding on the kernel data. 22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, for the adjusting of the layer parameter, the one or more processors are configured to adjust the layer parameter by decreasing a number of paddings of feature map data corresponding to the inefficient section. 23. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, for the adjusting of the layer parameter, the one or more processors are configured to adjust the layer parameter by increasing a number of strides of feature map data corresponding to the inefficient section. 24. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein, for the predicting of whether there will be the inefficient section, the one or more processors are configured to determine whether there will be the inefficient section based on predetermined layer parameters including the layer parameter, and
each of the predetermined layer parameters corresponds to a respective layer among layers of the neural network at which the data is to be processed. 25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein, for the predicting of whether there will be the inefficient section, the one or more processors are configured to determine whether there will be the inefficient section based on a determined number of operation cycles at each of the layers. 26. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine whether the processing of the data in the inefficient section is improved based on the processing of the data with the adjusted layer parameter. 27. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein
the apparatus is any one of a personal computer (PC), a server device, a mobile device, a smart phone, a tablet device, an augmented reality (AR) device, an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an autonomous vehicle, a robotics device, and a medical device, and the one or more processors are configured to perform any one of voice recognition, vision recognition, and image classification based on a result of the processing of the data. 28. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, configure the one or more processors to perform the predicting of whether the inefficient section will be generated, the adjusting of the neural network layer parameter, and the processing of the data. 29. A processor-implemented data processing method, the method comprising:
predicting whether an inefficient section will be generated during a processing of data in a layer of a neural network, based on a determined number of operation cycles for the processing of the data in the layer; in response to predicting the inefficient section will be generated, adjusting a parameter of the layer, such that a data size of a feature map generated in the layer based on the data does not exceed a data size of a set number of tile data blocks in a memory; and processing the data in the layer with the adjusted layer parameter to generate the feature map. | 3,600 |
346,217 | 16,804,657 | 3,666 | Techniques are disclosed for managing media communications in a communication system that includes communication devices managed and mediated by a communication server, wherein the communication devices are communicable over a plurality of configurable channels. A communication server receives, from a first communication device, a request to immediately communicate with one or more other communication devices over a channel configured for direct media communications between the first and one or more other communication devices. The request includes a means for identifying the one or more other communication device. The communication server determines a current channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set and automatically switches the channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set from the current channel to the channel configured for direct media communications between the first and one or more other communication devices. | 1. A method of managing audio communications in a communication system that includes communication devices managed and mediated by a communication server in an Internet Protocol (IP) network, wherein the communication devices are communicable over a plurality of configurable logical channels, the method comprising:
in the communication server:
receiving, from a first communication device, a request to immediately communicate with one or more other communication devices over a logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices via the communication server, the request including a means for identifying the one or more other communication devices;
determining a current logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set; and
automatically switching the logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set from the current logical channel to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
notifying the first communication device that the one or more other communication devices are now set to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving a audio communication from the first communication device; and routing the audio communication to the one or more other communication devices through the communication server and over the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the one or more other communication devices are screenless. 5. A communication server in an Internet Protocol (IP) network configured to manage audio communication among a plurality of communication devices, wherein the communication devices are communicable over a plurality of configurable logical channels, the server comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions to:
receive, from a first communication device, a request to immediately communicate with one or more other communication devices over a logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices via the communication server, the request including a means for identifying the one or more other communication devices; determine a current logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set; and automatically switch the logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set from the current logical channel to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 6. The server of claim 5, the server comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions to:
notify the first communication device that the one or more other communication devices are now set to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 7. The server of claim 6, the server comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions to:
receive a audio communication from the first communication device; and route the audio communication to the one or more other communication devices through the communication server and over the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices. 8. The server of claim 5, wherein one or more of the one or more other communication devices are screenless. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions that when executed enable processing circuitry in an Internet Protocol (IP) network communication server to manage audio communication among a plurality of communication devices, wherein the communication devices are communicable over a plurality of configurable logical channels, the instructions to:
receive, from a first communication device, a request to immediately communicate with one or more other communication devices over a logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices via the communication server, the request including a means for identifying the one or more other communication devices; determine a current logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set; and automatically switch the logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set from the current logical channel to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising instructions to:
notify the first communication device that the one or more other communication devices are now set to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, further comprising instructions to:
receive a audio communication from the first communication device; and route the audio communication to the one or more other communication devices through the communication server and over the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein one or more of the one or more other communication devices are screenless. | Techniques are disclosed for managing media communications in a communication system that includes communication devices managed and mediated by a communication server, wherein the communication devices are communicable over a plurality of configurable channels. A communication server receives, from a first communication device, a request to immediately communicate with one or more other communication devices over a channel configured for direct media communications between the first and one or more other communication devices. The request includes a means for identifying the one or more other communication device. The communication server determines a current channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set and automatically switches the channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set from the current channel to the channel configured for direct media communications between the first and one or more other communication devices.1. A method of managing audio communications in a communication system that includes communication devices managed and mediated by a communication server in an Internet Protocol (IP) network, wherein the communication devices are communicable over a plurality of configurable logical channels, the method comprising:
in the communication server:
receiving, from a first communication device, a request to immediately communicate with one or more other communication devices over a logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices via the communication server, the request including a means for identifying the one or more other communication devices;
determining a current logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set; and
automatically switching the logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set from the current logical channel to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
notifying the first communication device that the one or more other communication devices are now set to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving a audio communication from the first communication device; and routing the audio communication to the one or more other communication devices through the communication server and over the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the one or more other communication devices are screenless. 5. A communication server in an Internet Protocol (IP) network configured to manage audio communication among a plurality of communication devices, wherein the communication devices are communicable over a plurality of configurable logical channels, the server comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions to:
receive, from a first communication device, a request to immediately communicate with one or more other communication devices over a logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices via the communication server, the request including a means for identifying the one or more other communication devices; determine a current logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set; and automatically switch the logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set from the current logical channel to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 6. The server of claim 5, the server comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions to:
notify the first communication device that the one or more other communication devices are now set to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 7. The server of claim 6, the server comprising one or more processors configured to execute instructions to:
receive a audio communication from the first communication device; and route the audio communication to the one or more other communication devices through the communication server and over the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices. 8. The server of claim 5, wherein one or more of the one or more other communication devices are screenless. 9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising a plurality of instructions that when executed enable processing circuitry in an Internet Protocol (IP) network communication server to manage audio communication among a plurality of communication devices, wherein the communication devices are communicable over a plurality of configurable logical channels, the instructions to:
receive, from a first communication device, a request to immediately communicate with one or more other communication devices over a logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices via the communication server, the request including a means for identifying the one or more other communication devices; determine a current logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set; and automatically switch the logical channel to which the one or more other communication devices are set from the current logical channel to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising instructions to:
notify the first communication device that the one or more other communication devices are now set to the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices through the communication server. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 10, further comprising instructions to:
receive a audio communication from the first communication device; and route the audio communication to the one or more other communication devices through the communication server and over the logical channel configured for audio communications between the first and one or more other communication devices. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein one or more of the one or more other communication devices are screenless. | 3,600 |
346,218 | 16,804,641 | 3,666 | A diffuser-deswirler for a gas turbine engine is provided. The diffuser-deswirler includes an inner shell and an outer shell spaced apart and configured for receiving a flow of compressed air from a compressor of a gas turbine engine. A plurality of vanes extend between the inner shell and the outer shell to define a plurality of fluid passageways and a splitter extends along the circumferential direction between adjacent vanes to split the flow of compressed air passing through the each fluid passageway. All of these components are manufactured as a single monolithic piece and are configured for diffusing and deswirling compressor air before passing it to a combustor for an improved combustion process. | 1-14. (canceled) 15. A diffuser-deswirler defining an axial direction, a radial direction, and a circumferential direction, the diffuser-deswirler comprising:
an annular inlet manifold; an annular outlet manifold; a plurality of flow conditioning pipes spaced circumferentially around the inlet manifold and providing fluid communication between the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold; and a splitter defined within each of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes to split a flow of compressed air passing through each of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes. 16. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein the inlet manifold, the outlet manifold, the plurality of flow conditioning pipes, and the splitter are integrally formed as a single monolithic component. 17. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein the diffuser-deswirler defines a first distance measured along the radial direction between an inlet and a radially outermost portion of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes and a second distance measured along the axial direction between a forward-most portion of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes and an outlet, the first distance being less than the second distance. 18. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes defines an elliptical cross-section, the cross-section increasing smoothly and continuously from the inlet to the outlet. 19. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein the diffuser-deswirler is formed by:
depositing a layer of additive material on a bed of an additive manufacturing machine; and directing energy from an energy source onto the layer of additive material to fuse a portion of the additive material. 20. (canceled) 21. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein the splitter defined within each of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes has a constant cross section. 22. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein the splitter defined within each of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes is tapered. 39. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for fusion of inner areas of the three-dimensional article and the second process step is used for fusion of a contour of the three-dimensional article. 40. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for forming solid structures and the second process step is used for net structures. 41. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for a first type of microstructures and the second process step is used for a second type of microstructures. 42. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for a central melting spot and the second process step is used for at least one surrounding heating spot. 43. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for a central melting spot and the second process step is used for a concentric heating spot. 44. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for a central melting spot and the second process step is used for an at least partially overlapping heating spot. 45. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the first predetermined value of the accelerator voltage differs from the second predetermined value of the accelerator voltage by at least 50 kV. 46. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein at least one scan line comprises the first and second predetermined accelerator voltages. 47. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the first predetermined value of the accelerator voltage is less than 2 kV. 48. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein the first stage is a first process step used for a central melting spot and the second stage is a second process step used for a concentric heating spot. 49. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein the first stage is a first process step used for a central melting spot and the second stage is a second process step used for an at least partially overlapping heating spot. | A diffuser-deswirler for a gas turbine engine is provided. The diffuser-deswirler includes an inner shell and an outer shell spaced apart and configured for receiving a flow of compressed air from a compressor of a gas turbine engine. A plurality of vanes extend between the inner shell and the outer shell to define a plurality of fluid passageways and a splitter extends along the circumferential direction between adjacent vanes to split the flow of compressed air passing through the each fluid passageway. All of these components are manufactured as a single monolithic piece and are configured for diffusing and deswirling compressor air before passing it to a combustor for an improved combustion process.1-14. (canceled) 15. A diffuser-deswirler defining an axial direction, a radial direction, and a circumferential direction, the diffuser-deswirler comprising:
an annular inlet manifold; an annular outlet manifold; a plurality of flow conditioning pipes spaced circumferentially around the inlet manifold and providing fluid communication between the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold; and a splitter defined within each of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes to split a flow of compressed air passing through each of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes. 16. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein the inlet manifold, the outlet manifold, the plurality of flow conditioning pipes, and the splitter are integrally formed as a single monolithic component. 17. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein the diffuser-deswirler defines a first distance measured along the radial direction between an inlet and a radially outermost portion of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes and a second distance measured along the axial direction between a forward-most portion of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes and an outlet, the first distance being less than the second distance. 18. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes defines an elliptical cross-section, the cross-section increasing smoothly and continuously from the inlet to the outlet. 19. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein the diffuser-deswirler is formed by:
depositing a layer of additive material on a bed of an additive manufacturing machine; and directing energy from an energy source onto the layer of additive material to fuse a portion of the additive material. 20. (canceled) 21. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein the splitter defined within each of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes has a constant cross section. 22. The diffuser-deswirler of claim 15, wherein the splitter defined within each of the plurality of flow conditioning pipes is tapered. 39. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for fusion of inner areas of the three-dimensional article and the second process step is used for fusion of a contour of the three-dimensional article. 40. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for forming solid structures and the second process step is used for net structures. 41. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for a first type of microstructures and the second process step is used for a second type of microstructures. 42. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for a central melting spot and the second process step is used for at least one surrounding heating spot. 43. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for a central melting spot and the second process step is used for a concentric heating spot. 44. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the first process step is used for a central melting spot and the second process step is used for an at least partially overlapping heating spot. 45. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the first predetermined value of the accelerator voltage differs from the second predetermined value of the accelerator voltage by at least 50 kV. 46. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein at least one scan line comprises the first and second predetermined accelerator voltages. 47. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the first predetermined value of the accelerator voltage is less than 2 kV. 48. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein the first stage is a first process step used for a central melting spot and the second stage is a second process step used for a concentric heating spot. 49. The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein the first stage is a first process step used for a central melting spot and the second stage is a second process step used for an at least partially overlapping heating spot. | 3,600 |
346,219 | 16,804,655 | 3,666 | The system and method of directed navigation using an augmented semi-active laser seeker to provide initial altitude measurement and command denotation information for rounds. Using on-board sensors and communications links between members of a swarm, numerous targets can be engaged more quickly and precisely. The LCSAL can act as 3D LIDAR where the LCSAL's spatial resolution and the associated image from the imager can be correlated to the LCSAL pixel by pixel as time of arrival. The rounds trajectory can be refined due to coupling with accurate Target ID to provide optimum command detonation for specific target types. | 1. A round, comprising:
a forward facing diode configured to generate pulsed energy to illuminate a target area comprising one or more targets; provide a laser range finder altimeter function; provide a proximity sensor for determining range to the target area; and provide for 3D LIDAR processing for target aim refinement by combing data from a SAL seeker; the SAL seeker configured to receive the pulsed energy reflected from the target area; an imager having a field of view (FOV), the imager being configured to collect images of the target area; a processor configured to correlate data of the received pulsed energy reflected from the target area via the SAL seeker with the images of the scene captured by the imager and generate a target data set; and a rearward facing optical transmitter for sending the target data set to one or more follower rounds. 2. The round according to claim 1, further comprising one or more navigation sensors and inertial measurement units (IMUs). 3. The round according to claim 1, further comprising a barometer to indicate altitude once calibrated by the laser altimeter. 4. The round according to claim 1, further comprising a deployment mechanism for deploying a sensor suite from a radial viewing mode to a forward looking mode for use as a proximity sensor during terminal guidance. 5. The system for swarm navigation using a follow the forward approach according to claim 1, further comprising using 3D images from the correlated data for target ID and command detonation for a target type. 6. The system for swarm navigation using a follow the forward approach according to claim 1, wherein the data set comprises one or more of:
time from launch and estimated time to go to the target area; a number of targets in the target area; a spacing for multiple targets within the target area; a target cross range dispersion; a range from the round to the multiple targets in the target area; the round's position relative to remaining plurality of rounds; the round's current altitude; which target the leader round is engaging; and a selected target based on the round's control authority and its range or time to go to the selected target, after removing previously selected targets (if the round is a follower) from the total targets in the target area. 7. A method for swarm navigation, comprising:
providing a plurality of rounds, wherein the plurality of rounds comprises a leader round and one or more follower rounds, the rounds comprising: generating pulsed energy, via a diode, to illuminate a target area comprising one or more targets; receiving pulsed energy reflected from the target area, via the SAL seeker; determining angular bearing information, via the SAL seeker, of a leader round; using a horizon to determine an up and down reference via an imager having a FOV; capturing images of the target area, via an imager; correlating data of the received pulsed energy reflected from the target area via the SAL seeker with images of the scene captured by the imager to determine a target data set, via a processor; providing an optical communications link for messages from a leader round to one or more follower rounds; transmitting the data set to the one or more follower rounds via a communication link. 8. The method for swarm navigation according to claim 7, further comprising providing additional components including one or more navigation sensors, and IMUs. 9. The method for swarm navigation according to claim 7, further comprising providing a barometer to maintain altitude once calibrated by the laser altimeter. 10. The method for swarm navigation according to claim 7, further comprising deploying the sensor suite from a radial viewing mode to a forward looking mode for use as a proximity sensor during terminal guidance. 11. The method for swarm navigation according to claim 7, further comprising using the correlated data for 3D images for use in target ID and command detonation for a target type. 12. The method for swarm navigation according to claim 7, further comprising using a designator. 13. A method for swarm navigation, comprising:
providing a plurality of rounds, wherein the plurality of rounds comprises a leader round and one or more follower rounds, each round comprising: generating pulsed energy, via a diode, to illuminate a target area comprising multiple targets; providing a transmitter portion of a laser range finder altimeter function, via the diode; providing a transmitter portion of a proximity sensor, via the diode, for determining range to the target area comprising multiple targets; providing a transmitter portion for a 3D LIDAR function, via the diode, for target aim refinement by combing data from a SAL seeker imager; receiving pulsed energy reflected from the target area, via the SAL seeker; determining angular bearing information, via the SAL seeker, if a follower round of any rounds in front of it; providing a receiver function via an optical communications link for messages from the plurality of rounds; using a horizon to determine an up and down reference via an imager having a FOV; collecting images of the target area, via the imager; capturing images of multiple targets within the target area, via the imager; correlating received pulsed energy reflected from the target area via the SAL seeker with images of the scene captured by the imager to form 3D images of multiple targets within the target area, via a processor; determining, via the processor, a data set; and transmitting the data set to remaining rounds in the plurality of rounds via a communication link. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the data set comprises:
a time from launch and estimated time to go to the target area; a number of targets in the target area; a spacing for multiple targets within the target area; a target cross range dispersion; a range from the round to the multiple targets in the target area; the round's position relative to remaining plurality of rounds; the round's current altitude; which target the leader round is engaging; and a selected target based on the round's control authority and its range or time to go to the selected target, after removing previously selected targets (if the round is a follower) from the total targets in the target area. 15. The method according to claim 13, further comprising providing additional components including one or more navigation sensors, and IMUs. 16. The method according to claim 13, further comprising providing a barometer to maintain altitude once calibrated by the laser altimeter. 17. The method according to claim 13, further comprising deploying the sensor suite from a radial viewing mode to a forward looking mode for use as a proximity sensor during terminal guidance. 18. The method according to claim 13, further comprising using correlated data for 3D images for use in target ID and command detonation for a target type. 19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the SAL seeker has 1-2 mrad spatial resolution. 20. The method of swarm navigation according to claim 7, wherein the data set comprises:
a time from launch and estimated time to go to the target area; a number of targets in the target area; a spacing for multiple targets within the target area; a target cross range dispersion; a range from the round to the multiple targets in the target area; the round's position relative to remaining plurality of rounds; the round's current altitude; which target the leader round is engaging; and a selected target based on the round's control authority and its range or time to go to the selected target, after removing previously selected targets (if the round is a follower) from the total targets in the target area. | The system and method of directed navigation using an augmented semi-active laser seeker to provide initial altitude measurement and command denotation information for rounds. Using on-board sensors and communications links between members of a swarm, numerous targets can be engaged more quickly and precisely. The LCSAL can act as 3D LIDAR where the LCSAL's spatial resolution and the associated image from the imager can be correlated to the LCSAL pixel by pixel as time of arrival. The rounds trajectory can be refined due to coupling with accurate Target ID to provide optimum command detonation for specific target types.1. A round, comprising:
a forward facing diode configured to generate pulsed energy to illuminate a target area comprising one or more targets; provide a laser range finder altimeter function; provide a proximity sensor for determining range to the target area; and provide for 3D LIDAR processing for target aim refinement by combing data from a SAL seeker; the SAL seeker configured to receive the pulsed energy reflected from the target area; an imager having a field of view (FOV), the imager being configured to collect images of the target area; a processor configured to correlate data of the received pulsed energy reflected from the target area via the SAL seeker with the images of the scene captured by the imager and generate a target data set; and a rearward facing optical transmitter for sending the target data set to one or more follower rounds. 2. The round according to claim 1, further comprising one or more navigation sensors and inertial measurement units (IMUs). 3. The round according to claim 1, further comprising a barometer to indicate altitude once calibrated by the laser altimeter. 4. The round according to claim 1, further comprising a deployment mechanism for deploying a sensor suite from a radial viewing mode to a forward looking mode for use as a proximity sensor during terminal guidance. 5. The system for swarm navigation using a follow the forward approach according to claim 1, further comprising using 3D images from the correlated data for target ID and command detonation for a target type. 6. The system for swarm navigation using a follow the forward approach according to claim 1, wherein the data set comprises one or more of:
time from launch and estimated time to go to the target area; a number of targets in the target area; a spacing for multiple targets within the target area; a target cross range dispersion; a range from the round to the multiple targets in the target area; the round's position relative to remaining plurality of rounds; the round's current altitude; which target the leader round is engaging; and a selected target based on the round's control authority and its range or time to go to the selected target, after removing previously selected targets (if the round is a follower) from the total targets in the target area. 7. A method for swarm navigation, comprising:
providing a plurality of rounds, wherein the plurality of rounds comprises a leader round and one or more follower rounds, the rounds comprising: generating pulsed energy, via a diode, to illuminate a target area comprising one or more targets; receiving pulsed energy reflected from the target area, via the SAL seeker; determining angular bearing information, via the SAL seeker, of a leader round; using a horizon to determine an up and down reference via an imager having a FOV; capturing images of the target area, via an imager; correlating data of the received pulsed energy reflected from the target area via the SAL seeker with images of the scene captured by the imager to determine a target data set, via a processor; providing an optical communications link for messages from a leader round to one or more follower rounds; transmitting the data set to the one or more follower rounds via a communication link. 8. The method for swarm navigation according to claim 7, further comprising providing additional components including one or more navigation sensors, and IMUs. 9. The method for swarm navigation according to claim 7, further comprising providing a barometer to maintain altitude once calibrated by the laser altimeter. 10. The method for swarm navigation according to claim 7, further comprising deploying the sensor suite from a radial viewing mode to a forward looking mode for use as a proximity sensor during terminal guidance. 11. The method for swarm navigation according to claim 7, further comprising using the correlated data for 3D images for use in target ID and command detonation for a target type. 12. The method for swarm navigation according to claim 7, further comprising using a designator. 13. A method for swarm navigation, comprising:
providing a plurality of rounds, wherein the plurality of rounds comprises a leader round and one or more follower rounds, each round comprising: generating pulsed energy, via a diode, to illuminate a target area comprising multiple targets; providing a transmitter portion of a laser range finder altimeter function, via the diode; providing a transmitter portion of a proximity sensor, via the diode, for determining range to the target area comprising multiple targets; providing a transmitter portion for a 3D LIDAR function, via the diode, for target aim refinement by combing data from a SAL seeker imager; receiving pulsed energy reflected from the target area, via the SAL seeker; determining angular bearing information, via the SAL seeker, if a follower round of any rounds in front of it; providing a receiver function via an optical communications link for messages from the plurality of rounds; using a horizon to determine an up and down reference via an imager having a FOV; collecting images of the target area, via the imager; capturing images of multiple targets within the target area, via the imager; correlating received pulsed energy reflected from the target area via the SAL seeker with images of the scene captured by the imager to form 3D images of multiple targets within the target area, via a processor; determining, via the processor, a data set; and transmitting the data set to remaining rounds in the plurality of rounds via a communication link. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the data set comprises:
a time from launch and estimated time to go to the target area; a number of targets in the target area; a spacing for multiple targets within the target area; a target cross range dispersion; a range from the round to the multiple targets in the target area; the round's position relative to remaining plurality of rounds; the round's current altitude; which target the leader round is engaging; and a selected target based on the round's control authority and its range or time to go to the selected target, after removing previously selected targets (if the round is a follower) from the total targets in the target area. 15. The method according to claim 13, further comprising providing additional components including one or more navigation sensors, and IMUs. 16. The method according to claim 13, further comprising providing a barometer to maintain altitude once calibrated by the laser altimeter. 17. The method according to claim 13, further comprising deploying the sensor suite from a radial viewing mode to a forward looking mode for use as a proximity sensor during terminal guidance. 18. The method according to claim 13, further comprising using correlated data for 3D images for use in target ID and command detonation for a target type. 19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the SAL seeker has 1-2 mrad spatial resolution. 20. The method of swarm navigation according to claim 7, wherein the data set comprises:
a time from launch and estimated time to go to the target area; a number of targets in the target area; a spacing for multiple targets within the target area; a target cross range dispersion; a range from the round to the multiple targets in the target area; the round's position relative to remaining plurality of rounds; the round's current altitude; which target the leader round is engaging; and a selected target based on the round's control authority and its range or time to go to the selected target, after removing previously selected targets (if the round is a follower) from the total targets in the target area. | 3,600 |
346,220 | 16,804,642 | 3,666 | An air conditioning case configuring a vehicular air conditioning device is configured from first through third case sections capable of being divided in a width direction, the third case section in a center in the width direction and the first case section being connected via a first dividing section, and the third case section and the second case section being connected via a second dividing section. Moreover, the first and second dividing sections are formed in such a manner that their lower section sides facing a lower passage divided in a space between an evaporator and a heating unit are positioned on outer sides in the width direction with respect to an upper section of the air conditioning case provided with a vent blast port blasting air into a vehicle interior. | 1. A vehicular air conditioning device that comprises an air conditioning case, the air conditioning case including a passage where air flows, and including a cooler and a heater housed therein so as to face the passage, the air conditioning case being formed to be dividable in a width direction of the cooler orthogonal to a flowing direction of the air, and being configured from first and second cases configuring both ends in the width direction of the air conditioning case and a third case sandwiched between the first case and the second case, a space between the cooler and the heater in the air conditioning case being divided into an upper passage and a lower passage,
an opening that communicates downstream of the upper passage and a vehicle interior and that is formed in an upper section of the air conditioning case so as to extend over the first case, the second case, and the third case, the opening being provided with a mode switching door configured to open/close, the opening being partitioned in the width direction and forming a pair of outer openings and a central opening, by partitioning members provided in the first and second cases, and fitting positions of the first and second cases with the third case facing the lower passage, being on outer sides in the width direction, with respect to fitting positions of the first and second cases with the third case in the opening. 2. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the outer opening is formed so that the air is always flowable, regardless of an opened/closed state of the mode switching door. 3. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the air conditioning case has the upper passage and the lower passage partitioned in the width direction by the third case, and comprises: a first upper flow path and first lower flow path formed by the first case and the third case; and a second upper flow path and second lower flow path formed by the second case and the third case, a plurality of air-mix doors respectively opening/closing the first upper flow path, the first lower flow path, the second upper flow path, and the second lower flow path are sandwiched by the first case, the second case, and the third case, in the space between the cooler and the heater, and lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors are each formed the same. 4. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the air conditioning case has the upper passage partitioned in the width direction by the third case, and comprises: a first upper flow path formed by the first case and the third case; and a second upper flow path formed by the second case and the third case, the vehicular air conditioning device comprises a pair of demarcation members respectively sandwiched between the first and second cases and the third case, and the lower passage comprises: a first lower flow path divided by the first case and one of the demarcation members; a second lower flow path divided by the second case and another of the demarcation members; and a third lower flow path formed between the one of the demarcation members and the other of the demarcation members, a plurality of air-mix doors respectively opening/closing the first upper flow path, the first lower flow path, the second upper flow path, the second lower flow path, and the third lower flow path are sandwiched by the first case, the second case, the third case, and the demarcation members, in the space between the cooler and the heater, and lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors that open/close the first upper flow path, the second upper flow path, and the third lower flow path, of the air-mix doors are each formed same. 5. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 4, wherein
lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors that open/close the first lower flow path and the second lower flow path, of the air-mix doors are each formed same. | An air conditioning case configuring a vehicular air conditioning device is configured from first through third case sections capable of being divided in a width direction, the third case section in a center in the width direction and the first case section being connected via a first dividing section, and the third case section and the second case section being connected via a second dividing section. Moreover, the first and second dividing sections are formed in such a manner that their lower section sides facing a lower passage divided in a space between an evaporator and a heating unit are positioned on outer sides in the width direction with respect to an upper section of the air conditioning case provided with a vent blast port blasting air into a vehicle interior.1. A vehicular air conditioning device that comprises an air conditioning case, the air conditioning case including a passage where air flows, and including a cooler and a heater housed therein so as to face the passage, the air conditioning case being formed to be dividable in a width direction of the cooler orthogonal to a flowing direction of the air, and being configured from first and second cases configuring both ends in the width direction of the air conditioning case and a third case sandwiched between the first case and the second case, a space between the cooler and the heater in the air conditioning case being divided into an upper passage and a lower passage,
an opening that communicates downstream of the upper passage and a vehicle interior and that is formed in an upper section of the air conditioning case so as to extend over the first case, the second case, and the third case, the opening being provided with a mode switching door configured to open/close, the opening being partitioned in the width direction and forming a pair of outer openings and a central opening, by partitioning members provided in the first and second cases, and fitting positions of the first and second cases with the third case facing the lower passage, being on outer sides in the width direction, with respect to fitting positions of the first and second cases with the third case in the opening. 2. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the outer opening is formed so that the air is always flowable, regardless of an opened/closed state of the mode switching door. 3. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the air conditioning case has the upper passage and the lower passage partitioned in the width direction by the third case, and comprises: a first upper flow path and first lower flow path formed by the first case and the third case; and a second upper flow path and second lower flow path formed by the second case and the third case, a plurality of air-mix doors respectively opening/closing the first upper flow path, the first lower flow path, the second upper flow path, and the second lower flow path are sandwiched by the first case, the second case, and the third case, in the space between the cooler and the heater, and lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors are each formed the same. 4. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the air conditioning case has the upper passage partitioned in the width direction by the third case, and comprises: a first upper flow path formed by the first case and the third case; and a second upper flow path formed by the second case and the third case, the vehicular air conditioning device comprises a pair of demarcation members respectively sandwiched between the first and second cases and the third case, and the lower passage comprises: a first lower flow path divided by the first case and one of the demarcation members; a second lower flow path divided by the second case and another of the demarcation members; and a third lower flow path formed between the one of the demarcation members and the other of the demarcation members, a plurality of air-mix doors respectively opening/closing the first upper flow path, the first lower flow path, the second upper flow path, the second lower flow path, and the third lower flow path are sandwiched by the first case, the second case, the third case, and the demarcation members, in the space between the cooler and the heater, and lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors that open/close the first upper flow path, the second upper flow path, and the third lower flow path, of the air-mix doors are each formed same. 5. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 4, wherein
lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors that open/close the first lower flow path and the second lower flow path, of the air-mix doors are each formed same. | 3,600 |
346,221 | 16,804,683 | 3,733 | An air conditioning case configuring a vehicular air conditioning device is configured from first through third case sections capable of being divided in a width direction, the third case section in a center in the width direction and the first case section being connected via a first dividing section, and the third case section and the second case section being connected via a second dividing section. Moreover, the first and second dividing sections are formed in such a manner that their lower section sides facing a lower passage divided in a space between an evaporator and a heating unit are positioned on outer sides in the width direction with respect to an upper section of the air conditioning case provided with a vent blast port blasting air into a vehicle interior. | 1. A vehicular air conditioning device that comprises an air conditioning case, the air conditioning case including a passage where air flows, and including a cooler and a heater housed therein so as to face the passage, the air conditioning case being formed to be dividable in a width direction of the cooler orthogonal to a flowing direction of the air, and being configured from first and second cases configuring both ends in the width direction of the air conditioning case and a third case sandwiched between the first case and the second case, a space between the cooler and the heater in the air conditioning case being divided into an upper passage and a lower passage,
an opening that communicates downstream of the upper passage and a vehicle interior and that is formed in an upper section of the air conditioning case so as to extend over the first case, the second case, and the third case, the opening being provided with a mode switching door configured to open/close, the opening being partitioned in the width direction and forming a pair of outer openings and a central opening, by partitioning members provided in the first and second cases, and fitting positions of the first and second cases with the third case facing the lower passage, being on outer sides in the width direction, with respect to fitting positions of the first and second cases with the third case in the opening. 2. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the outer opening is formed so that the air is always flowable, regardless of an opened/closed state of the mode switching door. 3. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the air conditioning case has the upper passage and the lower passage partitioned in the width direction by the third case, and comprises: a first upper flow path and first lower flow path formed by the first case and the third case; and a second upper flow path and second lower flow path formed by the second case and the third case, a plurality of air-mix doors respectively opening/closing the first upper flow path, the first lower flow path, the second upper flow path, and the second lower flow path are sandwiched by the first case, the second case, and the third case, in the space between the cooler and the heater, and lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors are each formed the same. 4. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the air conditioning case has the upper passage partitioned in the width direction by the third case, and comprises: a first upper flow path formed by the first case and the third case; and a second upper flow path formed by the second case and the third case, the vehicular air conditioning device comprises a pair of demarcation members respectively sandwiched between the first and second cases and the third case, and the lower passage comprises: a first lower flow path divided by the first case and one of the demarcation members; a second lower flow path divided by the second case and another of the demarcation members; and a third lower flow path formed between the one of the demarcation members and the other of the demarcation members, a plurality of air-mix doors respectively opening/closing the first upper flow path, the first lower flow path, the second upper flow path, the second lower flow path, and the third lower flow path are sandwiched by the first case, the second case, the third case, and the demarcation members, in the space between the cooler and the heater, and lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors that open/close the first upper flow path, the second upper flow path, and the third lower flow path, of the air-mix doors are each formed same. 5. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 4, wherein
lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors that open/close the first lower flow path and the second lower flow path, of the air-mix doors are each formed same. | An air conditioning case configuring a vehicular air conditioning device is configured from first through third case sections capable of being divided in a width direction, the third case section in a center in the width direction and the first case section being connected via a first dividing section, and the third case section and the second case section being connected via a second dividing section. Moreover, the first and second dividing sections are formed in such a manner that their lower section sides facing a lower passage divided in a space between an evaporator and a heating unit are positioned on outer sides in the width direction with respect to an upper section of the air conditioning case provided with a vent blast port blasting air into a vehicle interior.1. A vehicular air conditioning device that comprises an air conditioning case, the air conditioning case including a passage where air flows, and including a cooler and a heater housed therein so as to face the passage, the air conditioning case being formed to be dividable in a width direction of the cooler orthogonal to a flowing direction of the air, and being configured from first and second cases configuring both ends in the width direction of the air conditioning case and a third case sandwiched between the first case and the second case, a space between the cooler and the heater in the air conditioning case being divided into an upper passage and a lower passage,
an opening that communicates downstream of the upper passage and a vehicle interior and that is formed in an upper section of the air conditioning case so as to extend over the first case, the second case, and the third case, the opening being provided with a mode switching door configured to open/close, the opening being partitioned in the width direction and forming a pair of outer openings and a central opening, by partitioning members provided in the first and second cases, and fitting positions of the first and second cases with the third case facing the lower passage, being on outer sides in the width direction, with respect to fitting positions of the first and second cases with the third case in the opening. 2. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the outer opening is formed so that the air is always flowable, regardless of an opened/closed state of the mode switching door. 3. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the air conditioning case has the upper passage and the lower passage partitioned in the width direction by the third case, and comprises: a first upper flow path and first lower flow path formed by the first case and the third case; and a second upper flow path and second lower flow path formed by the second case and the third case, a plurality of air-mix doors respectively opening/closing the first upper flow path, the first lower flow path, the second upper flow path, and the second lower flow path are sandwiched by the first case, the second case, and the third case, in the space between the cooler and the heater, and lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors are each formed the same. 4. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 1, wherein
the air conditioning case has the upper passage partitioned in the width direction by the third case, and comprises: a first upper flow path formed by the first case and the third case; and a second upper flow path formed by the second case and the third case, the vehicular air conditioning device comprises a pair of demarcation members respectively sandwiched between the first and second cases and the third case, and the lower passage comprises: a first lower flow path divided by the first case and one of the demarcation members; a second lower flow path divided by the second case and another of the demarcation members; and a third lower flow path formed between the one of the demarcation members and the other of the demarcation members, a plurality of air-mix doors respectively opening/closing the first upper flow path, the first lower flow path, the second upper flow path, the second lower flow path, and the third lower flow path are sandwiched by the first case, the second case, the third case, and the demarcation members, in the space between the cooler and the heater, and lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors that open/close the first upper flow path, the second upper flow path, and the third lower flow path, of the air-mix doors are each formed same. 5. The vehicular air conditioning device according to claim 4, wherein
lengths in the width direction of the air-mix doors that open/close the first lower flow path and the second lower flow path, of the air-mix doors are each formed same. | 3,700 |
346,222 | 16,804,651 | 3,733 | Various embodiments provide a variable stiffness soft actuator inspired by an ossicle structure of echinoderm and a robot apparatus including the same. According to various embodiments, the soft actuate includes a plurality of ossicle elements arranged in a specific structure, wherein an interval between the plurality of ossicle elements is maintained or reduced depending on vacuum generation to change the stiffness of the soft actuator. | 1. A variable stiffness soft actuator, the soft actuator comprising:
a plurality of ossicle elements arranged in a specific structure, wherein an interval between the plurality of ossicle elements is maintained or reduced depending on vacuum generation to change the stiffness of the soft actuator. 2. The soft actuator of claim 1, further comprising:
a porous member surrounding the ossicle elements, settling a position of the ossicle elements, and of which the density is changed depending the vacuum generation. 3. The soft actuator of claim 2, wherein the porous member includes a plurality of pores, and
wherein the pores shrink when the vacuum is generated, the density of the porous member is increased and the interval between the ossicle elements is reduced. 4. The soft actuator of claim 3, wherein the ossicle elements have an overlapping structure. 5. The soft actuator of claim 4, wherein the ossicle elements overlap as the density of the porous member is increased. 6. The soft actuator of claim 4, wherein the ossicle elements overlap by a specific area and overlap by an area exceeding the specific area as the density of the porous member increases. 7. The soft actuator of claim 4, wherein the ossicle elements are arranged in a line along one axis. 8. The soft actuator of claim 7, wherein the ossicle elements includes:
a head portion; and an accommodating portion coupled to one side of the head portion on the one axis. 9. The soft actuator of claim 8, wherein an accommodating portion of any one of the ossicle elements accommodates a head portion of another one of the ossicle elements. 10. The soft actuator of claim 8, wherein the accommodating portion includes an opening which is opened opposite the head portion while surrounding the accommodating portion on the one axis. 11. The soft actuator of claim 10, wherein the head portion has a cross-sectional area defined as a plane perpendicular to the one axis, which is formed narrower farther from the accommodating portion, and
wherein the head portion includes a through portion passing through the head portion along the one axis and connected to the opening. 12. A robot apparatus comprising:
a soft actuator; and a pneumatic device configured to generate a vacuum in the soft actuator to change stiffness of the soft actuator, wherein the soft actuator includes a plurality of ossicle elements arranged in a specific structure and an interval between the plurality of ossicle elements is maintained or reduced depending on vacuum generation to change the stiffness of the soft actuator. 13. The robot apparatus of claim 12, wherein the soft actuator further includes a porous member which surrounds the ossicle elements, settles a position of the ossicle elements, and changes a density of the porous member depending on the vacuum generation. 14. The robot apparatus of claim 13, wherein the porous member including a plurality of pores,
wherein the pores shrink when the vacuum is generated, the density of the porous member is increased and the interval between the ossicle elements is reduced. 15. The robot apparatus of claim 14, wherein the pneumatic device adjusts a degree of vacuum of the soft actuator to adjust the density of the porous member. 16. The robot apparatus of claim 14, wherein the ossicle elements are arranged in a line along one axis and have an overlapping structure. 17. The robot apparatus of claim 16, wherein the ossicle elements overlap as the density of the porous member is increased. 18. The robot apparatus of claim 16, wherein the ossicle elements overlap by a specific area and overlap by an area exceeding the specific area as the density of the porous member increases. 19. The robot apparatus of claim 16, wherein the ossicle elements includes,
a head portion; and an accommodating portion coupled to one side of the head portion on the one axis, wherein an accommodating portion of any one of the ossicle elements accommodates a head portion of another one of the ossicle elements. 20. The robot apparatus of claim 15, wherein the pneumatic device includes:
a vacuum pump; and a control module coupled between the soft actuator and the vacuum pump and controlling a vacuum to be generated in the soft actuator through the vacuum pump. | Various embodiments provide a variable stiffness soft actuator inspired by an ossicle structure of echinoderm and a robot apparatus including the same. According to various embodiments, the soft actuate includes a plurality of ossicle elements arranged in a specific structure, wherein an interval between the plurality of ossicle elements is maintained or reduced depending on vacuum generation to change the stiffness of the soft actuator.1. A variable stiffness soft actuator, the soft actuator comprising:
a plurality of ossicle elements arranged in a specific structure, wherein an interval between the plurality of ossicle elements is maintained or reduced depending on vacuum generation to change the stiffness of the soft actuator. 2. The soft actuator of claim 1, further comprising:
a porous member surrounding the ossicle elements, settling a position of the ossicle elements, and of which the density is changed depending the vacuum generation. 3. The soft actuator of claim 2, wherein the porous member includes a plurality of pores, and
wherein the pores shrink when the vacuum is generated, the density of the porous member is increased and the interval between the ossicle elements is reduced. 4. The soft actuator of claim 3, wherein the ossicle elements have an overlapping structure. 5. The soft actuator of claim 4, wherein the ossicle elements overlap as the density of the porous member is increased. 6. The soft actuator of claim 4, wherein the ossicle elements overlap by a specific area and overlap by an area exceeding the specific area as the density of the porous member increases. 7. The soft actuator of claim 4, wherein the ossicle elements are arranged in a line along one axis. 8. The soft actuator of claim 7, wherein the ossicle elements includes:
a head portion; and an accommodating portion coupled to one side of the head portion on the one axis. 9. The soft actuator of claim 8, wherein an accommodating portion of any one of the ossicle elements accommodates a head portion of another one of the ossicle elements. 10. The soft actuator of claim 8, wherein the accommodating portion includes an opening which is opened opposite the head portion while surrounding the accommodating portion on the one axis. 11. The soft actuator of claim 10, wherein the head portion has a cross-sectional area defined as a plane perpendicular to the one axis, which is formed narrower farther from the accommodating portion, and
wherein the head portion includes a through portion passing through the head portion along the one axis and connected to the opening. 12. A robot apparatus comprising:
a soft actuator; and a pneumatic device configured to generate a vacuum in the soft actuator to change stiffness of the soft actuator, wherein the soft actuator includes a plurality of ossicle elements arranged in a specific structure and an interval between the plurality of ossicle elements is maintained or reduced depending on vacuum generation to change the stiffness of the soft actuator. 13. The robot apparatus of claim 12, wherein the soft actuator further includes a porous member which surrounds the ossicle elements, settles a position of the ossicle elements, and changes a density of the porous member depending on the vacuum generation. 14. The robot apparatus of claim 13, wherein the porous member including a plurality of pores,
wherein the pores shrink when the vacuum is generated, the density of the porous member is increased and the interval between the ossicle elements is reduced. 15. The robot apparatus of claim 14, wherein the pneumatic device adjusts a degree of vacuum of the soft actuator to adjust the density of the porous member. 16. The robot apparatus of claim 14, wherein the ossicle elements are arranged in a line along one axis and have an overlapping structure. 17. The robot apparatus of claim 16, wherein the ossicle elements overlap as the density of the porous member is increased. 18. The robot apparatus of claim 16, wherein the ossicle elements overlap by a specific area and overlap by an area exceeding the specific area as the density of the porous member increases. 19. The robot apparatus of claim 16, wherein the ossicle elements includes,
a head portion; and an accommodating portion coupled to one side of the head portion on the one axis, wherein an accommodating portion of any one of the ossicle elements accommodates a head portion of another one of the ossicle elements. 20. The robot apparatus of claim 15, wherein the pneumatic device includes:
a vacuum pump; and a control module coupled between the soft actuator and the vacuum pump and controlling a vacuum to be generated in the soft actuator through the vacuum pump. | 3,700 |
346,223 | 16,804,646 | 3,733 | A movement controller controls a feed mechanism to move a vibration device relative to a workpiece. A vibration controller controls vibration of piezoelectric elements of the vibration device. The vibration controller acquires a status value indicating a vibration control status and detects contact between a cutting tool and the workpiece or the like based on a change in the status value. The vibration controller acquires at least one among energy consumption required for the vibration and a resonance frequency as the status value. The vibration controller determines a relative positional relationship between the cutting tool and a rotation center of the workpiece based on coordinate values of at least two contact positions. | 1. A vibration cutting apparatus comprising:
a vibration device having a cutting tool attached thereto, the vibration device including an actuator structured to generate vibration; a movement controller structured to control a feed mechanism to move the vibration device relative to a target object; and a vibration controller structured to control the vibration of the actuator of the vibration device, wherein the vibration controller acquires power consumption required for the vibration and detects contact between the cutting tool and the target object based on a change in the power consumption. 2. The vibration cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the vibration controller specifies a contact position. 3. A vibration cutting apparatus comprising:
a vibration device having a cutting tool attached thereto, the vibration device including an actuator structured to generate vibration; and a controller structured to control a feed mechanism to move the vibration device relative to a workpiece or a component, wherein the controller has a capability of acquiring a coordinate value when the cutting tool comes into contact with the workpiece or the component by controlling the feed mechanism to relatively move the vibration device, and the controller determines a relative positional relationship between the cutting tool and a rotation center of the workpiece based on coordinate values when the cutting tool comes into contact with the turned workpiece or with a reference surface whose relative positional relationship with the rotation center of the workpiece is known at least at two positions different from a rotation angle position of the cutting tool when the workpiece is turned. 4. A vibration cutting apparatus comprising:
a vibration device having a cutting tool attached thereto, the vibration device including an actuator structured to generate vibration; and a controller structured to control a feed mechanism to move the vibration device relative to a target object, wherein the controller has a capability of acquiring a coordinate value when a cutting edge of the cutting tool comes into contact with a portion having a known shape of an object by controlling the feed mechanism to move the vibration device relative to the object having the known shape, and the controller specifies at least one among a nose radius of the cutting edge of the cutting tool, center coordinates of the cutting edge of the cutting tool, and an error in shape of the cutting edge of the cutting tool based on coordinate values when the cutting edge of the cutting tool comes into contact with the portion having the known shape of the object at least at three positions. 5. A vibration cutting apparatus comprising:
a vibration device having a cutting tool attached thereto, the vibration device including an actuator structured to generate vibration; and a controller structured to control a feed mechanism to move the vibration device relative to a workpiece, wherein the controller has a capability of acquiring a coordinate value when the cutting tool comes into contact with the workpiece by controlling the feed mechanism to relatively move the vibration device, and the controller specifies, based on coordinate values when the vibration device is moved relative to the turned workpiece by a feed capability of the feed mechanism in a movement direction not used for the turning to bring the cutting tool into contact with the workpiece at least at two positions, at least one among an attachment error of the cutting tool, an error in shape of a cutting edge of the cutting tool, and a deviation in movement direction of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece. 6. The vibration cutting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the controller controls the vibration of the actuator of the vibration device, and the controller acquires a status value indicating a vibration control status and detects contact between the cutting tool and a workpiece or a reference surface based on a change in the status value. 7. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a computer program causing a computer to execute:
controlling a feed mechanism to move a vibration device relative to a target object, the vibration device having a cutting tool attached thereto, the vibration device including an actuator structured to generate vibration; and controlling the vibration of the actuator of the vibration device, wherein the controlling of the vibration includes acquiring power consumption required for the vibration, and detecting contact between the cutting tool and the target object based on a change in the power consumption. 8. The vibration cutting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the controller controls the vibration of the actuator of the vibration device, and
the controller acquires a status value indicating a vibration control status and detects contact between the cutting tool and a workpiece or a reference surface based on a change in the status value. 9. The vibration cutting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the controller controls the vibration of the actuator of the vibration device, and
the controller acquires a status value indicating a vibration control status and detects contact between the cutting tool and a workpiece or a reference surface based on a change in the status value. | A movement controller controls a feed mechanism to move a vibration device relative to a workpiece. A vibration controller controls vibration of piezoelectric elements of the vibration device. The vibration controller acquires a status value indicating a vibration control status and detects contact between a cutting tool and the workpiece or the like based on a change in the status value. The vibration controller acquires at least one among energy consumption required for the vibration and a resonance frequency as the status value. The vibration controller determines a relative positional relationship between the cutting tool and a rotation center of the workpiece based on coordinate values of at least two contact positions.1. A vibration cutting apparatus comprising:
a vibration device having a cutting tool attached thereto, the vibration device including an actuator structured to generate vibration; a movement controller structured to control a feed mechanism to move the vibration device relative to a target object; and a vibration controller structured to control the vibration of the actuator of the vibration device, wherein the vibration controller acquires power consumption required for the vibration and detects contact between the cutting tool and the target object based on a change in the power consumption. 2. The vibration cutting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the vibration controller specifies a contact position. 3. A vibration cutting apparatus comprising:
a vibration device having a cutting tool attached thereto, the vibration device including an actuator structured to generate vibration; and a controller structured to control a feed mechanism to move the vibration device relative to a workpiece or a component, wherein the controller has a capability of acquiring a coordinate value when the cutting tool comes into contact with the workpiece or the component by controlling the feed mechanism to relatively move the vibration device, and the controller determines a relative positional relationship between the cutting tool and a rotation center of the workpiece based on coordinate values when the cutting tool comes into contact with the turned workpiece or with a reference surface whose relative positional relationship with the rotation center of the workpiece is known at least at two positions different from a rotation angle position of the cutting tool when the workpiece is turned. 4. A vibration cutting apparatus comprising:
a vibration device having a cutting tool attached thereto, the vibration device including an actuator structured to generate vibration; and a controller structured to control a feed mechanism to move the vibration device relative to a target object, wherein the controller has a capability of acquiring a coordinate value when a cutting edge of the cutting tool comes into contact with a portion having a known shape of an object by controlling the feed mechanism to move the vibration device relative to the object having the known shape, and the controller specifies at least one among a nose radius of the cutting edge of the cutting tool, center coordinates of the cutting edge of the cutting tool, and an error in shape of the cutting edge of the cutting tool based on coordinate values when the cutting edge of the cutting tool comes into contact with the portion having the known shape of the object at least at three positions. 5. A vibration cutting apparatus comprising:
a vibration device having a cutting tool attached thereto, the vibration device including an actuator structured to generate vibration; and a controller structured to control a feed mechanism to move the vibration device relative to a workpiece, wherein the controller has a capability of acquiring a coordinate value when the cutting tool comes into contact with the workpiece by controlling the feed mechanism to relatively move the vibration device, and the controller specifies, based on coordinate values when the vibration device is moved relative to the turned workpiece by a feed capability of the feed mechanism in a movement direction not used for the turning to bring the cutting tool into contact with the workpiece at least at two positions, at least one among an attachment error of the cutting tool, an error in shape of a cutting edge of the cutting tool, and a deviation in movement direction of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece. 6. The vibration cutting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein
the controller controls the vibration of the actuator of the vibration device, and the controller acquires a status value indicating a vibration control status and detects contact between the cutting tool and a workpiece or a reference surface based on a change in the status value. 7. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a computer program causing a computer to execute:
controlling a feed mechanism to move a vibration device relative to a target object, the vibration device having a cutting tool attached thereto, the vibration device including an actuator structured to generate vibration; and controlling the vibration of the actuator of the vibration device, wherein the controlling of the vibration includes acquiring power consumption required for the vibration, and detecting contact between the cutting tool and the target object based on a change in the power consumption. 8. The vibration cutting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the controller controls the vibration of the actuator of the vibration device, and
the controller acquires a status value indicating a vibration control status and detects contact between the cutting tool and a workpiece or a reference surface based on a change in the status value. 9. The vibration cutting apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the controller controls the vibration of the actuator of the vibration device, and
the controller acquires a status value indicating a vibration control status and detects contact between the cutting tool and a workpiece or a reference surface based on a change in the status value. | 3,700 |
346,224 | 16,804,644 | 3,733 | There is provided a material comprising a multi-block thermogelling polymer, said multi-block thermogelling polymer comprising a hydrophilic polymer block; a thermosensitive polymer block; and a hydrophobic polymer block, wherein the hydrophilic polymer block, the thermosensitive polymer block and the hydrophobic polymer block are chemically coupled together by at least one of urethane/carbamate, carbonate, ester linkages or combinations thereof, and wherein the material is suitable for use as a vitreous substitute. Also provided are a method of preparing said material and a synthetic vitreous humour or part thereof comprising said material. | 1. A material comprising a multi-block thermogelling polymer, said multi-block thermogelling polymer comprising a hydrophilic polymer block; a thermosensitive polymer block; and a hydrophobic polymer block,
wherein the hydrophilic polymer block, the thermosensitive polymer block and the hydrophobic polymer block are chemically coupled together by at least one of urethane/carbamate, carbonate, ester linkages or combinations thereof, and wherein the material is suitable for use as a vitreous substitute. 2. The material of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polymer block and the thermosensitive polymer block each comprises a poly(alkylene glycol). 3. The material of claim 2, wherein the poly(alkylene glycol) of the hydrophilic polymer block is different from the poly(alkylene glycol) of the thermosensitive polymer block. 4. The material of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polymer block comprises poly(ethylene glycol) and the thermosensitive polymer block comprises poly(propylene glycol). 5. The material of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic polymer block comprises a polyester. 6. The material of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic polymer block comprises a poly(caprolactone). 7. The material of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the hydrophilic polymer block to the thermosensitive polymer block is in the range of 1:1 to 10:1. 8. The material of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic polymer block is in an amount of from 1 wt % to 10 wt % of the multi-block thermogelling polymer. 9. The material of claim 1, wherein the material comprises 1% to 30% w/v of the multi-block thermogelling polymer in an aqueous medium. 10. The material of claim 1, wherein the material has a high water content of more than 60% by weight. 11. The material of claim 1, wherein the material has a pH value in a range of from 7.1 to 7.7. 12. The material of claim 1, wherein the material is in a flowable state at a temperature falling in the range of 20° C. to 30° C. and is in a non-flowable gel-like state at a temperature falling in the range of 36° C. to 40° C. 13. The material of claim 1, wherein the material is substantially transparent and/or has a refractive index falling in the range of from 1.20 to 1.48. 14. The material of claim 1, wherein the material is substantially devoid of a metal. 15. A method of preparing a material of claim 1, the method comprising:
coupling one or more hydrophilic polymer, one or more thermosensitive polymer and one or more hydrophobic polymer together such that the hydrophilic polymer block, the thermosensitive polymer block and the hydrophobic polymer block are chemically coupled together by at least one of urethane/carbamate, carbonate, ester linkages or combinations thereof to form a multi-block polymer. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the one or more hydrophilic blocks, one or more thermosensitive blocks and one or more hydrophobic blocks are mixed in a molar ratio of 1-10:1:0.01-1.5,
optionally wherein the mixing step is performed at an elevated temperature in the range of from 70° C. to 150° C., and optionally wherein the mixing step is carried out for at least 12 hours. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a coupling agent and the coupling agent comprises an isocyanate monomer that contains at least two isocyanate functional groups, optionally wherein the coupling agent is a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, dodecylene diisocyanate, tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate and tolylene 2,6-diisocyanate. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the coupling step is carried out in the presence of an anhydrous solvent selected from the group consisting of toluene, benzene and xylene and/or wherein the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a tin catalyst selected from the group consisting of alkyltin compounds, aryltin compounds and dialkyltin diesters. 19. The method according to claim 15, the method further comprises
removing the multi-block polymer of contaminants; and solubilizing the multi-block polymer in aqueous medium to form a multi-block thermogelling polymer. 20. A synthetic vitreous humour or part thereof comprising the material of claim 1. | There is provided a material comprising a multi-block thermogelling polymer, said multi-block thermogelling polymer comprising a hydrophilic polymer block; a thermosensitive polymer block; and a hydrophobic polymer block, wherein the hydrophilic polymer block, the thermosensitive polymer block and the hydrophobic polymer block are chemically coupled together by at least one of urethane/carbamate, carbonate, ester linkages or combinations thereof, and wherein the material is suitable for use as a vitreous substitute. Also provided are a method of preparing said material and a synthetic vitreous humour or part thereof comprising said material.1. A material comprising a multi-block thermogelling polymer, said multi-block thermogelling polymer comprising a hydrophilic polymer block; a thermosensitive polymer block; and a hydrophobic polymer block,
wherein the hydrophilic polymer block, the thermosensitive polymer block and the hydrophobic polymer block are chemically coupled together by at least one of urethane/carbamate, carbonate, ester linkages or combinations thereof, and wherein the material is suitable for use as a vitreous substitute. 2. The material of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polymer block and the thermosensitive polymer block each comprises a poly(alkylene glycol). 3. The material of claim 2, wherein the poly(alkylene glycol) of the hydrophilic polymer block is different from the poly(alkylene glycol) of the thermosensitive polymer block. 4. The material of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polymer block comprises poly(ethylene glycol) and the thermosensitive polymer block comprises poly(propylene glycol). 5. The material of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic polymer block comprises a polyester. 6. The material of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic polymer block comprises a poly(caprolactone). 7. The material of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the hydrophilic polymer block to the thermosensitive polymer block is in the range of 1:1 to 10:1. 8. The material of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic polymer block is in an amount of from 1 wt % to 10 wt % of the multi-block thermogelling polymer. 9. The material of claim 1, wherein the material comprises 1% to 30% w/v of the multi-block thermogelling polymer in an aqueous medium. 10. The material of claim 1, wherein the material has a high water content of more than 60% by weight. 11. The material of claim 1, wherein the material has a pH value in a range of from 7.1 to 7.7. 12. The material of claim 1, wherein the material is in a flowable state at a temperature falling in the range of 20° C. to 30° C. and is in a non-flowable gel-like state at a temperature falling in the range of 36° C. to 40° C. 13. The material of claim 1, wherein the material is substantially transparent and/or has a refractive index falling in the range of from 1.20 to 1.48. 14. The material of claim 1, wherein the material is substantially devoid of a metal. 15. A method of preparing a material of claim 1, the method comprising:
coupling one or more hydrophilic polymer, one or more thermosensitive polymer and one or more hydrophobic polymer together such that the hydrophilic polymer block, the thermosensitive polymer block and the hydrophobic polymer block are chemically coupled together by at least one of urethane/carbamate, carbonate, ester linkages or combinations thereof to form a multi-block polymer. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the one or more hydrophilic blocks, one or more thermosensitive blocks and one or more hydrophobic blocks are mixed in a molar ratio of 1-10:1:0.01-1.5,
optionally wherein the mixing step is performed at an elevated temperature in the range of from 70° C. to 150° C., and optionally wherein the mixing step is carried out for at least 12 hours. 17. The method according to claim 15, wherein the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a coupling agent and the coupling agent comprises an isocyanate monomer that contains at least two isocyanate functional groups, optionally wherein the coupling agent is a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, dodecylene diisocyanate, tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate and tolylene 2,6-diisocyanate. 18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the coupling step is carried out in the presence of an anhydrous solvent selected from the group consisting of toluene, benzene and xylene and/or wherein the coupling step is carried out in the presence of a tin catalyst selected from the group consisting of alkyltin compounds, aryltin compounds and dialkyltin diesters. 19. The method according to claim 15, the method further comprises
removing the multi-block polymer of contaminants; and solubilizing the multi-block polymer in aqueous medium to form a multi-block thermogelling polymer. 20. A synthetic vitreous humour or part thereof comprising the material of claim 1. | 3,700 |
346,225 | 16,804,653 | 3,733 | A beverage dispensing apparatus for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container. The beverage dispensing apparatus includes a beverage reading device configured to read information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage, a display operation device configured to display thereon the information indicating the beverage, and a control device configured to perform control to cause the display operation device to display the information indicating the beverage, and to cause the beverage to be prepared and dispensed into the container. | 1. A beverage dispensing apparatus for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container, the beverage dispensing apparatus comprising:
a beverage reading device configured to read information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage; a display operation device configured to display thereon the information indicating the beverage; and a control device configured to perform control to cause the display operation device to display the information indicating the beverage, and to cause the beverage to be prepared and dispensed into the container. 2. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dispensing instruction button for receiving an instruction to prepare and dispense the beverage, wherein the control device is configured to perform control to prepare the beverage and start dispensing the prepared beverage into the container, responsive to
the beverage reading device reading the information indicating the beverage,
the information indicating the beverage being displayed on the display operation device, and
the dispensing instruction button being pressed. 3. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to control the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when a predetermined time has passed since the beverage reading device reads the information indicating the beverage and the information indicating the beverage is displayed on the display operation device. 4. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dispensing cancellation button for canceling the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage, wherein the control device is configured to perform control to cancel the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when the information indicating the beverage is displayed on the display operation device and the dispensing cancellation button is subsequently pressed. 5. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a container detecting device configured to detect placement of the container into which the beverage is to be dispensed, wherein the control device is configured to start the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when the container detecting device detects the placement of the container. 6. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, the control device is configured to stop the dispensing of the beverage when no container is detected by the container detecting device after the dispensing of the beverage is started. 7. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the beverage reading device is configured to read the information indicating the beverage from a receipt that is issued when the beverage is purchased. 8. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the information indicating the beverage includes at least one of a shape, a material, a color, a weight and a temperature, or any combination thereof, of the container, and the beverage reading device is configured to read the information of the beverage while the container is being placed. 9. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an opening/closing door configured to open and close a space for the container to be placed therein, and a door open/closed state detecting device configured to detect an open state or a closed state of the opening/closing door, wherein the control device is configured to control to start the preparation and dispensing of the beverage upon detecting that the opening/closing door is in the closed state. 10. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, upon detecting that the opening/closing door opens during the dispensing of the beverage, the control device is configured to stop the dispensing of the beverage. 11. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an opening/closing door configured to open and close a space for the container to be placed therein; a door open/closed state detecting device configured to detect an open state or a closed state of the opening/closing door; and a door opening/closing locking mechanism configured to lock the opening/closing door in the closed state, wherein the control device is configured to unlock the opening/closing door responsive to the beverage reading device reading the information of the beverage, and the control device is configured to lock the opening/closing door after the preparation of the beverage and the dispensing the prepared beverage are completed. 12. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display operation device displays guide information of the dispensing of the beverage. 13. A beverage dispensing method for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container, the beverage dispensing method comprising steps of:
reading information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage; displaying the information indicating the beverage for confirmation; and preforming control to display the information indicating the beverage for confirmation and to subsequently prepare and dispense the beverage into the container. | A beverage dispensing apparatus for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container. The beverage dispensing apparatus includes a beverage reading device configured to read information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage, a display operation device configured to display thereon the information indicating the beverage, and a control device configured to perform control to cause the display operation device to display the information indicating the beverage, and to cause the beverage to be prepared and dispensed into the container.1. A beverage dispensing apparatus for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container, the beverage dispensing apparatus comprising:
a beverage reading device configured to read information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage; a display operation device configured to display thereon the information indicating the beverage; and a control device configured to perform control to cause the display operation device to display the information indicating the beverage, and to cause the beverage to be prepared and dispensed into the container. 2. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dispensing instruction button for receiving an instruction to prepare and dispense the beverage, wherein the control device is configured to perform control to prepare the beverage and start dispensing the prepared beverage into the container, responsive to
the beverage reading device reading the information indicating the beverage,
the information indicating the beverage being displayed on the display operation device, and
the dispensing instruction button being pressed. 3. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to control the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when a predetermined time has passed since the beverage reading device reads the information indicating the beverage and the information indicating the beverage is displayed on the display operation device. 4. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dispensing cancellation button for canceling the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage, wherein the control device is configured to perform control to cancel the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when the information indicating the beverage is displayed on the display operation device and the dispensing cancellation button is subsequently pressed. 5. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a container detecting device configured to detect placement of the container into which the beverage is to be dispensed, wherein the control device is configured to start the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when the container detecting device detects the placement of the container. 6. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, the control device is configured to stop the dispensing of the beverage when no container is detected by the container detecting device after the dispensing of the beverage is started. 7. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the beverage reading device is configured to read the information indicating the beverage from a receipt that is issued when the beverage is purchased. 8. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the information indicating the beverage includes at least one of a shape, a material, a color, a weight and a temperature, or any combination thereof, of the container, and the beverage reading device is configured to read the information of the beverage while the container is being placed. 9. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an opening/closing door configured to open and close a space for the container to be placed therein, and a door open/closed state detecting device configured to detect an open state or a closed state of the opening/closing door, wherein the control device is configured to control to start the preparation and dispensing of the beverage upon detecting that the opening/closing door is in the closed state. 10. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, upon detecting that the opening/closing door opens during the dispensing of the beverage, the control device is configured to stop the dispensing of the beverage. 11. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an opening/closing door configured to open and close a space for the container to be placed therein; a door open/closed state detecting device configured to detect an open state or a closed state of the opening/closing door; and a door opening/closing locking mechanism configured to lock the opening/closing door in the closed state, wherein the control device is configured to unlock the opening/closing door responsive to the beverage reading device reading the information of the beverage, and the control device is configured to lock the opening/closing door after the preparation of the beverage and the dispensing the prepared beverage are completed. 12. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display operation device displays guide information of the dispensing of the beverage. 13. A beverage dispensing method for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container, the beverage dispensing method comprising steps of:
reading information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage; displaying the information indicating the beverage for confirmation; and preforming control to display the information indicating the beverage for confirmation and to subsequently prepare and dispense the beverage into the container. | 3,700 |
346,226 | 16,804,608 | 2,662 | A beverage dispensing apparatus for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container. The beverage dispensing apparatus includes a beverage reading device configured to read information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage, a display operation device configured to display thereon the information indicating the beverage, and a control device configured to perform control to cause the display operation device to display the information indicating the beverage, and to cause the beverage to be prepared and dispensed into the container. | 1. A beverage dispensing apparatus for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container, the beverage dispensing apparatus comprising:
a beverage reading device configured to read information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage; a display operation device configured to display thereon the information indicating the beverage; and a control device configured to perform control to cause the display operation device to display the information indicating the beverage, and to cause the beverage to be prepared and dispensed into the container. 2. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dispensing instruction button for receiving an instruction to prepare and dispense the beverage, wherein the control device is configured to perform control to prepare the beverage and start dispensing the prepared beverage into the container, responsive to
the beverage reading device reading the information indicating the beverage,
the information indicating the beverage being displayed on the display operation device, and
the dispensing instruction button being pressed. 3. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to control the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when a predetermined time has passed since the beverage reading device reads the information indicating the beverage and the information indicating the beverage is displayed on the display operation device. 4. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dispensing cancellation button for canceling the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage, wherein the control device is configured to perform control to cancel the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when the information indicating the beverage is displayed on the display operation device and the dispensing cancellation button is subsequently pressed. 5. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a container detecting device configured to detect placement of the container into which the beverage is to be dispensed, wherein the control device is configured to start the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when the container detecting device detects the placement of the container. 6. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, the control device is configured to stop the dispensing of the beverage when no container is detected by the container detecting device after the dispensing of the beverage is started. 7. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the beverage reading device is configured to read the information indicating the beverage from a receipt that is issued when the beverage is purchased. 8. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the information indicating the beverage includes at least one of a shape, a material, a color, a weight and a temperature, or any combination thereof, of the container, and the beverage reading device is configured to read the information of the beverage while the container is being placed. 9. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an opening/closing door configured to open and close a space for the container to be placed therein, and a door open/closed state detecting device configured to detect an open state or a closed state of the opening/closing door, wherein the control device is configured to control to start the preparation and dispensing of the beverage upon detecting that the opening/closing door is in the closed state. 10. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, upon detecting that the opening/closing door opens during the dispensing of the beverage, the control device is configured to stop the dispensing of the beverage. 11. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an opening/closing door configured to open and close a space for the container to be placed therein; a door open/closed state detecting device configured to detect an open state or a closed state of the opening/closing door; and a door opening/closing locking mechanism configured to lock the opening/closing door in the closed state, wherein the control device is configured to unlock the opening/closing door responsive to the beverage reading device reading the information of the beverage, and the control device is configured to lock the opening/closing door after the preparation of the beverage and the dispensing the prepared beverage are completed. 12. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display operation device displays guide information of the dispensing of the beverage. 13. A beverage dispensing method for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container, the beverage dispensing method comprising steps of:
reading information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage; displaying the information indicating the beverage for confirmation; and preforming control to display the information indicating the beverage for confirmation and to subsequently prepare and dispense the beverage into the container. | A beverage dispensing apparatus for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container. The beverage dispensing apparatus includes a beverage reading device configured to read information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage, a display operation device configured to display thereon the information indicating the beverage, and a control device configured to perform control to cause the display operation device to display the information indicating the beverage, and to cause the beverage to be prepared and dispensed into the container.1. A beverage dispensing apparatus for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container, the beverage dispensing apparatus comprising:
a beverage reading device configured to read information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage; a display operation device configured to display thereon the information indicating the beverage; and a control device configured to perform control to cause the display operation device to display the information indicating the beverage, and to cause the beverage to be prepared and dispensed into the container. 2. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dispensing instruction button for receiving an instruction to prepare and dispense the beverage, wherein the control device is configured to perform control to prepare the beverage and start dispensing the prepared beverage into the container, responsive to
the beverage reading device reading the information indicating the beverage,
the information indicating the beverage being displayed on the display operation device, and
the dispensing instruction button being pressed. 3. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control device is configured to control the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when a predetermined time has passed since the beverage reading device reads the information indicating the beverage and the information indicating the beverage is displayed on the display operation device. 4. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dispensing cancellation button for canceling the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage, wherein the control device is configured to perform control to cancel the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when the information indicating the beverage is displayed on the display operation device and the dispensing cancellation button is subsequently pressed. 5. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a container detecting device configured to detect placement of the container into which the beverage is to be dispensed, wherein the control device is configured to start the preparation and the dispensing of the beverage when the container detecting device detects the placement of the container. 6. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein, the control device is configured to stop the dispensing of the beverage when no container is detected by the container detecting device after the dispensing of the beverage is started. 7. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the beverage reading device is configured to read the information indicating the beverage from a receipt that is issued when the beverage is purchased. 8. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the information indicating the beverage includes at least one of a shape, a material, a color, a weight and a temperature, or any combination thereof, of the container, and the beverage reading device is configured to read the information of the beverage while the container is being placed. 9. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an opening/closing door configured to open and close a space for the container to be placed therein, and a door open/closed state detecting device configured to detect an open state or a closed state of the opening/closing door, wherein the control device is configured to control to start the preparation and dispensing of the beverage upon detecting that the opening/closing door is in the closed state. 10. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, upon detecting that the opening/closing door opens during the dispensing of the beverage, the control device is configured to stop the dispensing of the beverage. 11. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an opening/closing door configured to open and close a space for the container to be placed therein; a door open/closed state detecting device configured to detect an open state or a closed state of the opening/closing door; and a door opening/closing locking mechanism configured to lock the opening/closing door in the closed state, wherein the control device is configured to unlock the opening/closing door responsive to the beverage reading device reading the information of the beverage, and the control device is configured to lock the opening/closing door after the preparation of the beverage and the dispensing the prepared beverage are completed. 12. The beverage dispensing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display operation device displays guide information of the dispensing of the beverage. 13. A beverage dispensing method for preparing a beverage and dispensing the prepared beverage into a container, the beverage dispensing method comprising steps of:
reading information indicating the beverage, the information including a kind and a volume of the beverage; displaying the information indicating the beverage for confirmation; and preforming control to display the information indicating the beverage for confirmation and to subsequently prepare and dispense the beverage into the container. | 2,600 |
346,227 | 16,804,701 | 3,754 | A squat toilet seat that positions users in a squatting position when sitting on the toilet so that the user's torso and legs form a 35-38° angle. This straightens the colon, relaxing the puborecatlis muscles to ease the strain of having a bowel movement. The toilet seat is thicker in the front than in the back, creating a sloped surface that in turn creates the angle from the user's torso to legs. The toilet seat has left and right attachment parts that are attachable to both rounded and elongated toilet bowl bodies. | 1. A squat toilet seat comprising:
(a) a seat part with a front end and a back end; (b) an opening, wherein the opening is centered in the seat part; (c) a left attachment part and a right attachment part, wherein the left and right attachment parts are attachable to a toilet bowl body, and wherein the left and right attachment parts are operably positioned at the back end of the seat part to attach the seat part to the toilet bowl body; and (d) a lid, wherein the lid is operably connected to the back end so that it is moveable up and down from a closed position where the lid is flush with the seat part to an upright position where the lid is essentially perpendicular to the floor, wherein the front end is higher than the back end so that the angle between the seat part and the lid when the lid is in the upright position is 35°-38°. 2. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein the front end is higher than the back end so that the angle between the seat part and the lid when the lid is in the upright position is 35°. 3. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein the seat part and lid are formed from a material selected from the group consisting of PVC, thermoset plastic, polypropylene, resin, medium density fiberboard, wood, bamboo, and porcelain. 4. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein the left attachment part and right attachment part are attachable to both round and elongated toilet bowls. 5. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein the back end of the seat part has a thickness of one inch, and wherein the front end of the seat part has a thickness of six inches. 6. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein the seat part has a length of 16 inches from the back end to the front end,
wherein the seat part has a width of 14.25 inches from a left side to a right side, wherein the opening has a length of 9 and ⅞ inches from an opening back end to an opening front end, wherein the opening has a width of 8.25 inches from an opening left side to an opening right side, and wherein the left attachment part is 5.5 inches away from the right attachment part. 7. The squat toilet seat according to claim 5, wherein the seat part has a length of 16 inches from the back end to the front end,
wherein the seat part has a width of 14.25 inches from a left side to a right side, wherein the opening has a length of 9 and ⅞ inches from an opening back end to an opening front end, wherein the opening has a width of 8.25 inches from an opening left side to an opening right side, and wherein the left attachment part is 5.5 inches away from the right attachment part. 8. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein a slot is operably positioned in the front end of the seat part so a user can insert one or more fingers into the slot and easily rotate the seat part up and down from the left attachment part and the right attachment part. | A squat toilet seat that positions users in a squatting position when sitting on the toilet so that the user's torso and legs form a 35-38° angle. This straightens the colon, relaxing the puborecatlis muscles to ease the strain of having a bowel movement. The toilet seat is thicker in the front than in the back, creating a sloped surface that in turn creates the angle from the user's torso to legs. The toilet seat has left and right attachment parts that are attachable to both rounded and elongated toilet bowl bodies.1. A squat toilet seat comprising:
(a) a seat part with a front end and a back end; (b) an opening, wherein the opening is centered in the seat part; (c) a left attachment part and a right attachment part, wherein the left and right attachment parts are attachable to a toilet bowl body, and wherein the left and right attachment parts are operably positioned at the back end of the seat part to attach the seat part to the toilet bowl body; and (d) a lid, wherein the lid is operably connected to the back end so that it is moveable up and down from a closed position where the lid is flush with the seat part to an upright position where the lid is essentially perpendicular to the floor, wherein the front end is higher than the back end so that the angle between the seat part and the lid when the lid is in the upright position is 35°-38°. 2. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein the front end is higher than the back end so that the angle between the seat part and the lid when the lid is in the upright position is 35°. 3. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein the seat part and lid are formed from a material selected from the group consisting of PVC, thermoset plastic, polypropylene, resin, medium density fiberboard, wood, bamboo, and porcelain. 4. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein the left attachment part and right attachment part are attachable to both round and elongated toilet bowls. 5. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein the back end of the seat part has a thickness of one inch, and wherein the front end of the seat part has a thickness of six inches. 6. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein the seat part has a length of 16 inches from the back end to the front end,
wherein the seat part has a width of 14.25 inches from a left side to a right side, wherein the opening has a length of 9 and ⅞ inches from an opening back end to an opening front end, wherein the opening has a width of 8.25 inches from an opening left side to an opening right side, and wherein the left attachment part is 5.5 inches away from the right attachment part. 7. The squat toilet seat according to claim 5, wherein the seat part has a length of 16 inches from the back end to the front end,
wherein the seat part has a width of 14.25 inches from a left side to a right side, wherein the opening has a length of 9 and ⅞ inches from an opening back end to an opening front end, wherein the opening has a width of 8.25 inches from an opening left side to an opening right side, and wherein the left attachment part is 5.5 inches away from the right attachment part. 8. The squat toilet seat according to claim 1, wherein a slot is operably positioned in the front end of the seat part so a user can insert one or more fingers into the slot and easily rotate the seat part up and down from the left attachment part and the right attachment part. | 3,700 |
346,228 | 16,804,632 | 3,754 | A manufacturing method of a display device includes: stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer. | 1. A manufacturing method of a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer. 2. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the release layer is a dynamic release layer. 3. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is an engraved pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 4. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 3, wherein
the removing of the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern includes vaporizing the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 5. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the transferring of the conductor pattern to the surface of the second substrate includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to melt the conductor pattern, and interfusing the melted conductor pattern into the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 6. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
forming an overcoat layer covering the conductor pattern after forming the conductor pattern and before forming the sacrificial layer. 7. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
electrically connecting the conductor pattern and the conductor. 8. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the removing of the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer includes removing the sacrificial layer after simultaneously separating the first substrate and the release layer from the sacrificial layer. 9. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the electronic element further includes a transistor and a light emitting element. 10. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 11. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 12. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 13. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is a porous pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to increase porosity of a portion of the sacrificial layer corresponding to the conductor pattern. 14. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to the surface of the second substrate includes interfusing the conductor pattern to the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 15. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein the surface of the second substrate to which the conductor pattern is transferred is a rear surface of the second substrate. 16. A display device, comprising:
a substrate; an electronic element disposed. over the substrate and including a conductor; a conductor pattern located below the substrate; and a connector that penetrates through the substrate and electrically connects the conductor and the conductor pattern, wherein the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern is disposed over a rear surface of the substrate. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate is a polymer layer having a thickness of less than 100 micrometers. 19. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a conductive material and a polymer. 20. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a porous polymer and a conductive material filled in the porous polymer. 21. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the electronic element includes a circuit element and a light emitting element, the circuit element includes the conductor, and the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 22. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate includes a display area over which an image is displayed and a non-display area adjacent to the display area, and the conductor pattern includes a portion overlapping the display area. 23. A method of manufacturing a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate over the sacrificial layer; forming a conductor over the second substrate; irradiating a laser to the conductor pattern to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern and transfer the conductor pattern to the second substrate in a space formed in the sacrificial layer; and removing the first substrate, the release layer and the sacrificial layer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the laser is irradiated from a first surface of the first substrate to the conductor pattern which is disposed at a second surface of the first substrate opposite the first surface. | A manufacturing method of a display device includes: stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer.1. A manufacturing method of a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer. 2. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the release layer is a dynamic release layer. 3. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is an engraved pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 4. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 3, wherein
the removing of the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern includes vaporizing the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 5. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the transferring of the conductor pattern to the surface of the second substrate includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to melt the conductor pattern, and interfusing the melted conductor pattern into the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 6. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
forming an overcoat layer covering the conductor pattern after forming the conductor pattern and before forming the sacrificial layer. 7. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
electrically connecting the conductor pattern and the conductor. 8. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the removing of the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer includes removing the sacrificial layer after simultaneously separating the first substrate and the release layer from the sacrificial layer. 9. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the electronic element further includes a transistor and a light emitting element. 10. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 11. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 12. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 13. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is a porous pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to increase porosity of a portion of the sacrificial layer corresponding to the conductor pattern. 14. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to the surface of the second substrate includes interfusing the conductor pattern to the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 15. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein the surface of the second substrate to which the conductor pattern is transferred is a rear surface of the second substrate. 16. A display device, comprising:
a substrate; an electronic element disposed. over the substrate and including a conductor; a conductor pattern located below the substrate; and a connector that penetrates through the substrate and electrically connects the conductor and the conductor pattern, wherein the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern is disposed over a rear surface of the substrate. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate is a polymer layer having a thickness of less than 100 micrometers. 19. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a conductive material and a polymer. 20. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a porous polymer and a conductive material filled in the porous polymer. 21. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the electronic element includes a circuit element and a light emitting element, the circuit element includes the conductor, and the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 22. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate includes a display area over which an image is displayed and a non-display area adjacent to the display area, and the conductor pattern includes a portion overlapping the display area. 23. A method of manufacturing a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate over the sacrificial layer; forming a conductor over the second substrate; irradiating a laser to the conductor pattern to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern and transfer the conductor pattern to the second substrate in a space formed in the sacrificial layer; and removing the first substrate, the release layer and the sacrificial layer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the laser is irradiated from a first surface of the first substrate to the conductor pattern which is disposed at a second surface of the first substrate opposite the first surface. | 3,700 |
346,229 | 16,804,633 | 3,754 | A manufacturing method of a display device includes: stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer. | 1. A manufacturing method of a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer. 2. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the release layer is a dynamic release layer. 3. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is an engraved pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 4. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 3, wherein
the removing of the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern includes vaporizing the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 5. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the transferring of the conductor pattern to the surface of the second substrate includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to melt the conductor pattern, and interfusing the melted conductor pattern into the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 6. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
forming an overcoat layer covering the conductor pattern after forming the conductor pattern and before forming the sacrificial layer. 7. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
electrically connecting the conductor pattern and the conductor. 8. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the removing of the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer includes removing the sacrificial layer after simultaneously separating the first substrate and the release layer from the sacrificial layer. 9. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the electronic element further includes a transistor and a light emitting element. 10. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 11. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 12. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 13. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is a porous pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to increase porosity of a portion of the sacrificial layer corresponding to the conductor pattern. 14. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to the surface of the second substrate includes interfusing the conductor pattern to the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 15. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein the surface of the second substrate to which the conductor pattern is transferred is a rear surface of the second substrate. 16. A display device, comprising:
a substrate; an electronic element disposed. over the substrate and including a conductor; a conductor pattern located below the substrate; and a connector that penetrates through the substrate and electrically connects the conductor and the conductor pattern, wherein the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern is disposed over a rear surface of the substrate. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate is a polymer layer having a thickness of less than 100 micrometers. 19. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a conductive material and a polymer. 20. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a porous polymer and a conductive material filled in the porous polymer. 21. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the electronic element includes a circuit element and a light emitting element, the circuit element includes the conductor, and the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 22. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate includes a display area over which an image is displayed and a non-display area adjacent to the display area, and the conductor pattern includes a portion overlapping the display area. 23. A method of manufacturing a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate over the sacrificial layer; forming a conductor over the second substrate; irradiating a laser to the conductor pattern to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern and transfer the conductor pattern to the second substrate in a space formed in the sacrificial layer; and removing the first substrate, the release layer and the sacrificial layer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the laser is irradiated from a first surface of the first substrate to the conductor pattern which is disposed at a second surface of the first substrate opposite the first surface. | A manufacturing method of a display device includes: stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer.1. A manufacturing method of a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer. 2. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the release layer is a dynamic release layer. 3. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is an engraved pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 4. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 3, wherein
the removing of the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern includes vaporizing the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 5. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the transferring of the conductor pattern to the surface of the second substrate includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to melt the conductor pattern, and interfusing the melted conductor pattern into the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 6. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
forming an overcoat layer covering the conductor pattern after forming the conductor pattern and before forming the sacrificial layer. 7. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
electrically connecting the conductor pattern and the conductor. 8. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the removing of the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer includes removing the sacrificial layer after simultaneously separating the first substrate and the release layer from the sacrificial layer. 9. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the electronic element further includes a transistor and a light emitting element. 10. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 11. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 12. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 13. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is a porous pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to increase porosity of a portion of the sacrificial layer corresponding to the conductor pattern. 14. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to the surface of the second substrate includes interfusing the conductor pattern to the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 15. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein the surface of the second substrate to which the conductor pattern is transferred is a rear surface of the second substrate. 16. A display device, comprising:
a substrate; an electronic element disposed. over the substrate and including a conductor; a conductor pattern located below the substrate; and a connector that penetrates through the substrate and electrically connects the conductor and the conductor pattern, wherein the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern is disposed over a rear surface of the substrate. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate is a polymer layer having a thickness of less than 100 micrometers. 19. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a conductive material and a polymer. 20. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a porous polymer and a conductive material filled in the porous polymer. 21. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the electronic element includes a circuit element and a light emitting element, the circuit element includes the conductor, and the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 22. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate includes a display area over which an image is displayed and a non-display area adjacent to the display area, and the conductor pattern includes a portion overlapping the display area. 23. A method of manufacturing a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate over the sacrificial layer; forming a conductor over the second substrate; irradiating a laser to the conductor pattern to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern and transfer the conductor pattern to the second substrate in a space formed in the sacrificial layer; and removing the first substrate, the release layer and the sacrificial layer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the laser is irradiated from a first surface of the first substrate to the conductor pattern which is disposed at a second surface of the first substrate opposite the first surface. | 3,700 |
346,230 | 16,804,619 | 3,754 | A manufacturing method of a display device includes: stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer. | 1. A manufacturing method of a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer. 2. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the release layer is a dynamic release layer. 3. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is an engraved pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 4. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 3, wherein
the removing of the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern includes vaporizing the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 5. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the transferring of the conductor pattern to the surface of the second substrate includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to melt the conductor pattern, and interfusing the melted conductor pattern into the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 6. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
forming an overcoat layer covering the conductor pattern after forming the conductor pattern and before forming the sacrificial layer. 7. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
electrically connecting the conductor pattern and the conductor. 8. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the removing of the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer includes removing the sacrificial layer after simultaneously separating the first substrate and the release layer from the sacrificial layer. 9. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the electronic element further includes a transistor and a light emitting element. 10. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 11. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 12. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 13. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is a porous pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to increase porosity of a portion of the sacrificial layer corresponding to the conductor pattern. 14. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to the surface of the second substrate includes interfusing the conductor pattern to the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 15. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein the surface of the second substrate to which the conductor pattern is transferred is a rear surface of the second substrate. 16. A display device, comprising:
a substrate; an electronic element disposed. over the substrate and including a conductor; a conductor pattern located below the substrate; and a connector that penetrates through the substrate and electrically connects the conductor and the conductor pattern, wherein the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern is disposed over a rear surface of the substrate. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate is a polymer layer having a thickness of less than 100 micrometers. 19. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a conductive material and a polymer. 20. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a porous polymer and a conductive material filled in the porous polymer. 21. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the electronic element includes a circuit element and a light emitting element, the circuit element includes the conductor, and the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 22. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate includes a display area over which an image is displayed and a non-display area adjacent to the display area, and the conductor pattern includes a portion overlapping the display area. 23. A method of manufacturing a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate over the sacrificial layer; forming a conductor over the second substrate; irradiating a laser to the conductor pattern to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern and transfer the conductor pattern to the second substrate in a space formed in the sacrificial layer; and removing the first substrate, the release layer and the sacrificial layer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the laser is irradiated from a first surface of the first substrate to the conductor pattern which is disposed at a second surface of the first substrate opposite the first surface. | A manufacturing method of a display device includes: stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer.1. A manufacturing method of a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate including a polymer layer over the sacrificial layer; forming an electronic element including a conductor over the second substrate; forming a pattern corresponding to the conductor pattern in the sacrificial layer; transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to a surface of the second substrate; and removing the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer. 2. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the release layer is a dynamic release layer. 3. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is an engraved pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 4. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 3, wherein
the removing of the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern includes vaporizing the portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern. 5. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the transferring of the conductor pattern to the surface of the second substrate includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to melt the conductor pattern, and interfusing the melted conductor pattern into the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 6. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
forming an overcoat layer covering the conductor pattern after forming the conductor pattern and before forming the sacrificial layer. 7. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, further comprising
electrically connecting the conductor pattern and the conductor. 8. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the removing of the first substrate, the release layer, and the sacrificial layer includes removing the sacrificial layer after simultaneously separating the first substrate and the release layer from the sacrificial layer. 9. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the electronic element further includes a transistor and a light emitting element. 10. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 11. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 12. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein
the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 13. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 12, wherein
the pattern in the sacrificial layer is a porous pattern, and the forming of the pattern in the sacrificial layer includes irradiating the conductor pattern with a laser to increase porosity of a portion of the sacrificial layer corresponding to the conductor pattern. 14. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein transferring the conductor pattern from the release layer to the surface of the second substrate includes interfusing the conductor pattern to the pattern in the sacrificial layer. 15. The manufacturing method of the display device of claim 1, wherein the surface of the second substrate to which the conductor pattern is transferred is a rear surface of the second substrate. 16. A display device, comprising:
a substrate; an electronic element disposed. over the substrate and including a conductor; a conductor pattern located below the substrate; and a connector that penetrates through the substrate and electrically connects the conductor and the conductor pattern, wherein the conductor pattern includes a pad, a power supply line, or a data line. 17. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern is disposed over a rear surface of the substrate. 18. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate is a polymer layer having a thickness of less than 100 micrometers. 19. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a conductive material and a polymer. 20. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the conductor pattern includes a porous polymer and a conductive material filled in the porous polymer. 21. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the electronic element includes a circuit element and a light emitting element, the circuit element includes the conductor, and the conductor includes a power supply line or a data line. 22. The display device of claim 16, wherein
the substrate includes a display area over which an image is displayed and a non-display area adjacent to the display area, and the conductor pattern includes a portion overlapping the display area. 23. A method of manufacturing a display device, comprising:
stacking a release layer over a first substrate; forming a conductor pattern over the release layer; forming a sacrificial layer over the conductor pattern; forming a second substrate over the sacrificial layer; forming a conductor over the second substrate; irradiating a laser to the conductor pattern to remove a portion of the sacrificial layer overlapping the conductor pattern and transfer the conductor pattern to the second substrate in a space formed in the sacrificial layer; and removing the first substrate, the release layer and the sacrificial layer. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the sacrificial layer includes a porous polymer. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the laser is irradiated from a first surface of the first substrate to the conductor pattern which is disposed at a second surface of the first substrate opposite the first surface. | 3,700 |
346,231 | 16,804,664 | 3,754 | The invention generally relates to antibodies that bind to human folate receptor 1 and diagnostic assays for folate receptor 1-based therapies. Methods of using the antibodies to monitor therapy are further provided. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A method of treating a patient having a FOLR1-mediated disease or disorder comprising:
(a) administering to a patient having a FOLR1-mediated disease or disorder a fixed dose of an active agent comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to FOLR1; (b) measuring the patient's FOLR1 protein level on circulating tumor cells using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that does not competitively inhibit the binding of the active agent to FOLR1; and (c) increasing the amount and/or frequency of subsequent fixed doses if the FOLR1 protein level on the patient's circulating tumor cells is elevated relative to a reference FOLR1 protein level. 11-43. (canceled) 44. The method of claim 10, wherein the FOLR1 protein level is measured using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binds to the same FOLR1 epitope as, or competitively inhibits the binding to FOLR1 of, an antibody selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:25 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:26 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:30; (c) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:27 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:31; and (d) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:28 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:32. 45. (canceled) 46. The method of claim 10, wherein the FOLR1 protein level is measured using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 47-49. (canceled) 50. An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the same FOLR1 epitope as, or competitively inhibits the binding to FOLR1 of, an antibody selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:25 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:26 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:30; (c) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:27 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:31; and (d) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:28 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:32. 51. (canceled) 52. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50, wherein said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 53-56. (canceled) 57. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 52, wherein said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is murine, non-human, humanized, chimeric, resurfaced, or human. 58-62. (canceled) 63. A polypeptide that specifically binds FOLR1, wherein said polypeptide comprises the sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 64-72. (canceled) 73. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 74. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 73. 75-76. (canceled) 77. A method of detecting FOLR1 protein in a sample comprising contacting said sample with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 78-86. (canceled) 87. A cell producing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 88-90. (canceled) 91. A method of making an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising (a) culturing the cell of claim 87; and (b) isolating said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof from said cultured cell. 92. An immunoassay kit for detecting FOLR1 protein in a sample, the kit comprising: (a) first reagent, wherein the first reagent is the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50, and (b) a second reagent, wherein the second reagent is a detection reagent. 93-155. (canceled) 156. A method of treating cancer comprising administering an active agent comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to FOLR1 to a patient with elevated FOLR1 protein levels on circulating tumor cells relative to a reference FOLR1 protein level, wherein the patient's FOLR1 protein levels were measured using the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of claim 50. 157-162. (canceled) | The invention generally relates to antibodies that bind to human folate receptor 1 and diagnostic assays for folate receptor 1-based therapies. Methods of using the antibodies to monitor therapy are further provided.1-9. (canceled) 10. A method of treating a patient having a FOLR1-mediated disease or disorder comprising:
(a) administering to a patient having a FOLR1-mediated disease or disorder a fixed dose of an active agent comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to FOLR1; (b) measuring the patient's FOLR1 protein level on circulating tumor cells using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that does not competitively inhibit the binding of the active agent to FOLR1; and (c) increasing the amount and/or frequency of subsequent fixed doses if the FOLR1 protein level on the patient's circulating tumor cells is elevated relative to a reference FOLR1 protein level. 11-43. (canceled) 44. The method of claim 10, wherein the FOLR1 protein level is measured using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binds to the same FOLR1 epitope as, or competitively inhibits the binding to FOLR1 of, an antibody selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:25 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:26 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:30; (c) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:27 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:31; and (d) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:28 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:32. 45. (canceled) 46. The method of claim 10, wherein the FOLR1 protein level is measured using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 47-49. (canceled) 50. An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the same FOLR1 epitope as, or competitively inhibits the binding to FOLR1 of, an antibody selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:25 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:26 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:30; (c) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:27 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:31; and (d) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:28 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:32. 51. (canceled) 52. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50, wherein said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 53-56. (canceled) 57. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 52, wherein said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is murine, non-human, humanized, chimeric, resurfaced, or human. 58-62. (canceled) 63. A polypeptide that specifically binds FOLR1, wherein said polypeptide comprises the sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 64-72. (canceled) 73. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 74. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 73. 75-76. (canceled) 77. A method of detecting FOLR1 protein in a sample comprising contacting said sample with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 78-86. (canceled) 87. A cell producing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 88-90. (canceled) 91. A method of making an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising (a) culturing the cell of claim 87; and (b) isolating said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof from said cultured cell. 92. An immunoassay kit for detecting FOLR1 protein in a sample, the kit comprising: (a) first reagent, wherein the first reagent is the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50, and (b) a second reagent, wherein the second reagent is a detection reagent. 93-155. (canceled) 156. A method of treating cancer comprising administering an active agent comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to FOLR1 to a patient with elevated FOLR1 protein levels on circulating tumor cells relative to a reference FOLR1 protein level, wherein the patient's FOLR1 protein levels were measured using the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of claim 50. 157-162. (canceled) | 3,700 |
346,232 | 16,804,692 | 3,754 | The invention generally relates to antibodies that bind to human folate receptor 1 and diagnostic assays for folate receptor 1-based therapies. Methods of using the antibodies to monitor therapy are further provided. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. A method of treating a patient having a FOLR1-mediated disease or disorder comprising:
(a) administering to a patient having a FOLR1-mediated disease or disorder a fixed dose of an active agent comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to FOLR1; (b) measuring the patient's FOLR1 protein level on circulating tumor cells using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that does not competitively inhibit the binding of the active agent to FOLR1; and (c) increasing the amount and/or frequency of subsequent fixed doses if the FOLR1 protein level on the patient's circulating tumor cells is elevated relative to a reference FOLR1 protein level. 11-43. (canceled) 44. The method of claim 10, wherein the FOLR1 protein level is measured using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binds to the same FOLR1 epitope as, or competitively inhibits the binding to FOLR1 of, an antibody selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:25 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:26 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:30; (c) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:27 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:31; and (d) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:28 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:32. 45. (canceled) 46. The method of claim 10, wherein the FOLR1 protein level is measured using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 47-49. (canceled) 50. An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the same FOLR1 epitope as, or competitively inhibits the binding to FOLR1 of, an antibody selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:25 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:26 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:30; (c) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:27 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:31; and (d) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:28 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:32. 51. (canceled) 52. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50, wherein said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 53-56. (canceled) 57. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 52, wherein said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is murine, non-human, humanized, chimeric, resurfaced, or human. 58-62. (canceled) 63. A polypeptide that specifically binds FOLR1, wherein said polypeptide comprises the sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 64-72. (canceled) 73. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 74. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 73. 75-76. (canceled) 77. A method of detecting FOLR1 protein in a sample comprising contacting said sample with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 78-86. (canceled) 87. A cell producing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 88-90. (canceled) 91. A method of making an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising (a) culturing the cell of claim 87; and (b) isolating said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof from said cultured cell. 92. An immunoassay kit for detecting FOLR1 protein in a sample, the kit comprising: (a) first reagent, wherein the first reagent is the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50, and (b) a second reagent, wherein the second reagent is a detection reagent. 93-155. (canceled) 156. A method of treating cancer comprising administering an active agent comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to FOLR1 to a patient with elevated FOLR1 protein levels on circulating tumor cells relative to a reference FOLR1 protein level, wherein the patient's FOLR1 protein levels were measured using the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of claim 50. 157-162. (canceled) | The invention generally relates to antibodies that bind to human folate receptor 1 and diagnostic assays for folate receptor 1-based therapies. Methods of using the antibodies to monitor therapy are further provided.1-9. (canceled) 10. A method of treating a patient having a FOLR1-mediated disease or disorder comprising:
(a) administering to a patient having a FOLR1-mediated disease or disorder a fixed dose of an active agent comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to FOLR1; (b) measuring the patient's FOLR1 protein level on circulating tumor cells using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that does not competitively inhibit the binding of the active agent to FOLR1; and (c) increasing the amount and/or frequency of subsequent fixed doses if the FOLR1 protein level on the patient's circulating tumor cells is elevated relative to a reference FOLR1 protein level. 11-43. (canceled) 44. The method of claim 10, wherein the FOLR1 protein level is measured using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof specifically binds to the same FOLR1 epitope as, or competitively inhibits the binding to FOLR1 of, an antibody selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:25 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:26 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:30; (c) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:27 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:31; and (d) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:28 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:32. 45. (canceled) 46. The method of claim 10, wherein the FOLR1 protein level is measured using an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 47-49. (canceled) 50. An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the same FOLR1 epitope as, or competitively inhibits the binding to FOLR1 of, an antibody selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:25 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:29; (b) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:26 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:30; (c) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:27 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:31; and (d) an antibody comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:28 and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:32. 51. (canceled) 52. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50, wherein said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 53-56. (canceled) 57. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 52, wherein said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is murine, non-human, humanized, chimeric, resurfaced, or human. 58-62. (canceled) 63. A polypeptide that specifically binds FOLR1, wherein said polypeptide comprises the sequences selected from the group consisting of:
(a) SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, and 3 and SEQ ID NOs: 13, 14, and 15; (b) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, and 6 and SEQ ID NOs: 16, 17, and 18; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 7, 8, and 9 and SEQ ID NOs: 19, 20, and 21; (d) SEQ ID NOs: 10, 11, and 12 and SEQ ID NOs: 22, 23, and 24; and (e) variants of (a) to (d) comprising 1, 2, 3, or 4 conservative amino acid substitutions. 64-72. (canceled) 73. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 74. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 73. 75-76. (canceled) 77. A method of detecting FOLR1 protein in a sample comprising contacting said sample with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 78-86. (canceled) 87. A cell producing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50. 88-90. (canceled) 91. A method of making an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising (a) culturing the cell of claim 87; and (b) isolating said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof from said cultured cell. 92. An immunoassay kit for detecting FOLR1 protein in a sample, the kit comprising: (a) first reagent, wherein the first reagent is the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 50, and (b) a second reagent, wherein the second reagent is a detection reagent. 93-155. (canceled) 156. A method of treating cancer comprising administering an active agent comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to FOLR1 to a patient with elevated FOLR1 protein levels on circulating tumor cells relative to a reference FOLR1 protein level, wherein the patient's FOLR1 protein levels were measured using the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of claim 50. 157-162. (canceled) | 3,700 |
346,233 | 16,804,676 | 3,754 | Aluminum can be used as a fuel source when reacted with water if its native surrounding oxide coating is penetrated with a gallium-based eutectic. When discrete aluminum objects are treated in a heated bath of eutectic, the eutectic penetrates the oxide coating. After the aluminum objects are treated, the aluminum objects can be reacted in a reactor to produce hydrogen which can, for example, react with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electricity, for use in a variety of applications. | 1. An inflation system comprising:
a reaction chamber defining an inlet and an outlet; a source of activated aluminum; a feeding mechanism operable to move the activated aluminum from the source into the reaction chamber, the activated aluminum in the reaction chamber reactable to produce hydrogen through exposure to water flowable into the reaction chamber through the inlet; a check valve in fluid communication with the reaction chamber and the outlet, the check valve operable to control a flow of hydrogen from the reaction chamber to the outlet; and an inflatable structure in fluid communication with the check valve to selectively receive the flow of hydrogen from the reaction chamber via the outlet. 2. The inflation system of claim 1, wherein the activated aluminum is formed as a wire or a coiled strip. 3. The inflation system of claim 1, wherein the activated aluminum is formed as discrete objects. 4. The inflation system of claim 3, wherein the discrete objects include spheres. 5. The inflation system of claim 1, wherein the activated aluminum includes a gallium-based eutectic alloy. 6. The inflation system of claim 5, wherein the gallium-based eutectic alloy includes indium. 7. The inflation system of claim 5, wherein the activated aluminum includes a cold worked aluminum object, and the gallium-based eutectic alloy is diffused in a volume of the cold worked aluminum object along grain boundaries of the cold worked aluminum object. 8. The inflation system of claim 7, wherein the cold worked aluminum object including a high energy grain boundary having an energy greater than about 0.5 J/m2. 9. The inflation system of claim 1, wherein the check valve is between the reaction chamber and the outlet. 10. The inflation system of claim 1, further comprising a condenser in fluid communication with the outlet, between the inflatable structure and the reaction chamber. 11. The inflation system of claim 10, wherein the condenser is in fluid communication with the outlet, between the check valve and the inflatable structure. 12. The inflation system of claim 1, wherein the inflatable structure is a balloon. 13. An inflation method comprising:
introducing activated aluminum into a reaction chamber; metering water into the reaction chamber, the activated aluminum reacting with the water in the reaction chamber to produce products including hydrogen and steam; and directing at least some of the products from the reaction chamber to an inflatable structure, the hydrogen inflating the inflatable structure. 14. The inflation method of claim 13, wherein the activated aluminum includes a gallium-based eutectic alloy. 15. The inflation method of claim 14, wherein the gallium-based eutectic alloy includes indium and gallium. 16. The inflation method of claim 14, wherein the activated aluminum includes a cold worked aluminum object, and the gallium-based eutectic alloy is diffused in a volume of the cold worked aluminum object along grain boundaries of the cold worked aluminum object. 17. The inflation method of claim 16, wherein the cold worked aluminum object including a high energy grain boundary having an energy greater than about 0.5 J/m2. 18. The inflation method of claim 13, wherein the reaction of the activated aluminum with the water yields greater than about 80 percent and less than about 95 percent of a theoretically expected hydrogen yield. 19. The inflation method of claim 13, wherein directing at least some of the products from the reaction chamber to the inflatable structure includes, between the reaction chamber and the inflatable structure, condensing at least a portion of the steam from the products. 20. The inflation method of claim 13, wherein the inflatable structure is lighter than air when filled with hydrogen. 21. The inflation method of claim 20, further comprising releasing the inflatable structure from fluid communication with the reaction chamber after the inflatable structure has been filled with the hydrogen. | Aluminum can be used as a fuel source when reacted with water if its native surrounding oxide coating is penetrated with a gallium-based eutectic. When discrete aluminum objects are treated in a heated bath of eutectic, the eutectic penetrates the oxide coating. After the aluminum objects are treated, the aluminum objects can be reacted in a reactor to produce hydrogen which can, for example, react with oxygen in a fuel cell to produce electricity, for use in a variety of applications.1. An inflation system comprising:
a reaction chamber defining an inlet and an outlet; a source of activated aluminum; a feeding mechanism operable to move the activated aluminum from the source into the reaction chamber, the activated aluminum in the reaction chamber reactable to produce hydrogen through exposure to water flowable into the reaction chamber through the inlet; a check valve in fluid communication with the reaction chamber and the outlet, the check valve operable to control a flow of hydrogen from the reaction chamber to the outlet; and an inflatable structure in fluid communication with the check valve to selectively receive the flow of hydrogen from the reaction chamber via the outlet. 2. The inflation system of claim 1, wherein the activated aluminum is formed as a wire or a coiled strip. 3. The inflation system of claim 1, wherein the activated aluminum is formed as discrete objects. 4. The inflation system of claim 3, wherein the discrete objects include spheres. 5. The inflation system of claim 1, wherein the activated aluminum includes a gallium-based eutectic alloy. 6. The inflation system of claim 5, wherein the gallium-based eutectic alloy includes indium. 7. The inflation system of claim 5, wherein the activated aluminum includes a cold worked aluminum object, and the gallium-based eutectic alloy is diffused in a volume of the cold worked aluminum object along grain boundaries of the cold worked aluminum object. 8. The inflation system of claim 7, wherein the cold worked aluminum object including a high energy grain boundary having an energy greater than about 0.5 J/m2. 9. The inflation system of claim 1, wherein the check valve is between the reaction chamber and the outlet. 10. The inflation system of claim 1, further comprising a condenser in fluid communication with the outlet, between the inflatable structure and the reaction chamber. 11. The inflation system of claim 10, wherein the condenser is in fluid communication with the outlet, between the check valve and the inflatable structure. 12. The inflation system of claim 1, wherein the inflatable structure is a balloon. 13. An inflation method comprising:
introducing activated aluminum into a reaction chamber; metering water into the reaction chamber, the activated aluminum reacting with the water in the reaction chamber to produce products including hydrogen and steam; and directing at least some of the products from the reaction chamber to an inflatable structure, the hydrogen inflating the inflatable structure. 14. The inflation method of claim 13, wherein the activated aluminum includes a gallium-based eutectic alloy. 15. The inflation method of claim 14, wherein the gallium-based eutectic alloy includes indium and gallium. 16. The inflation method of claim 14, wherein the activated aluminum includes a cold worked aluminum object, and the gallium-based eutectic alloy is diffused in a volume of the cold worked aluminum object along grain boundaries of the cold worked aluminum object. 17. The inflation method of claim 16, wherein the cold worked aluminum object including a high energy grain boundary having an energy greater than about 0.5 J/m2. 18. The inflation method of claim 13, wherein the reaction of the activated aluminum with the water yields greater than about 80 percent and less than about 95 percent of a theoretically expected hydrogen yield. 19. The inflation method of claim 13, wherein directing at least some of the products from the reaction chamber to the inflatable structure includes, between the reaction chamber and the inflatable structure, condensing at least a portion of the steam from the products. 20. The inflation method of claim 13, wherein the inflatable structure is lighter than air when filled with hydrogen. 21. The inflation method of claim 20, further comprising releasing the inflatable structure from fluid communication with the reaction chamber after the inflatable structure has been filled with the hydrogen. | 3,700 |
346,234 | 16,804,689 | 3,754 | An electronic device includes a press-fit terminal and a recess. The press-fit terminal includes a bar portion and a press-fit deformation portion. The press-fit deformation portion is provided at an end of the bar portion. The press-fit deformation portion is deformed when inserted into an insertion hole of a circuit board. The recess is provided in the press-fit deformation portion and recessed from a surface of the press-fit deformation portion. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a circuit board; a press-fit terminal inserted into a through hole of the circuit board, the press-fit terminal including
a bar portion, and
a press-fit deformation portion that is provided at an end of the bar portion, is wider than the through hole in a deformation direction, and is configured to be deformed when inserted into the insertion hole,
a recess provided in the press-fit deformation portion and recessed from a surface of the press-fit deformation portion; and a terminal-side conductor layer that is a plating smoothly covering the surface of the press-fit deformation portion including the recess without depression. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein:
the through hole has a through-hole-side conductor layer on an inner surface of the through hole; the terminal-side conductor layer includes a first metal portion at a part corresponding to the recess; and the first metal portion is softer than a through-hole-side metal portion included in the through-hole-side conductor layer. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein
the recess is located in a region of the surface of the press-fit deformation portion which is in contact with a through-hole-side conductor layer provided on an inner surface of the through hole. 4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein
the through hole has a through-hole-side conductor layer on an inner surface of the through hole; the terminal-side conductor layer includes a second metal portion at a part corresponding to a region in which the recess does not exist; and the second metal portion is harder than a through-hole-side metal portion included in the through-hole-side conductor layer, 5. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein:
the press-fit deformation portion includes a first surface and a second surface; the second surface is in contact with the through hole when the press-fit deformation portion is inserted into the insertion hole; the first surface is connected to the second surface through a rounded surface; and the recess is provided on the rounded surface. 6. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein:
a metal or an alloy included in a part of the terminal-side conductor layer corresponding to the recess has a lower melting point than a metal or an alloy of a base material of the press-fit terminal. 7. A press-fit terminal to be inserted into a through hole of a circuit board, the press-fit terminal comprising:
a bar portion, and a press-fit deformation portion that is provided at an end of the bar portion, is wider than the through hole in a deformation direction, and configured to be deformed when inserted into the insertion hole, a recess provided in the press-fit deformation portion and recessed from a surface of the press-fit deformation portion; and a terminal-side conductor layer that is a plating smoothly covering the surface of the press-fit deformation portion including the recess without depression. 8. The press-fit terminal according to claim 7, wherein;
the through hole has a through-hole-side conductor layer on an inner surface of the through hole; the terminal-side conductor layer includes a second metal portion at a part corresponding to a region in which the recess does not exist; and the second metal portion is harder than a through-hole-side metal portion included in the through-hole-side conductor layer. | An electronic device includes a press-fit terminal and a recess. The press-fit terminal includes a bar portion and a press-fit deformation portion. The press-fit deformation portion is provided at an end of the bar portion. The press-fit deformation portion is deformed when inserted into an insertion hole of a circuit board. The recess is provided in the press-fit deformation portion and recessed from a surface of the press-fit deformation portion.1. An electronic device comprising:
a circuit board; a press-fit terminal inserted into a through hole of the circuit board, the press-fit terminal including
a bar portion, and
a press-fit deformation portion that is provided at an end of the bar portion, is wider than the through hole in a deformation direction, and is configured to be deformed when inserted into the insertion hole,
a recess provided in the press-fit deformation portion and recessed from a surface of the press-fit deformation portion; and a terminal-side conductor layer that is a plating smoothly covering the surface of the press-fit deformation portion including the recess without depression. 2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein:
the through hole has a through-hole-side conductor layer on an inner surface of the through hole; the terminal-side conductor layer includes a first metal portion at a part corresponding to the recess; and the first metal portion is softer than a through-hole-side metal portion included in the through-hole-side conductor layer. 3. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein
the recess is located in a region of the surface of the press-fit deformation portion which is in contact with a through-hole-side conductor layer provided on an inner surface of the through hole. 4. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein
the through hole has a through-hole-side conductor layer on an inner surface of the through hole; the terminal-side conductor layer includes a second metal portion at a part corresponding to a region in which the recess does not exist; and the second metal portion is harder than a through-hole-side metal portion included in the through-hole-side conductor layer, 5. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein:
the press-fit deformation portion includes a first surface and a second surface; the second surface is in contact with the through hole when the press-fit deformation portion is inserted into the insertion hole; the first surface is connected to the second surface through a rounded surface; and the recess is provided on the rounded surface. 6. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein:
a metal or an alloy included in a part of the terminal-side conductor layer corresponding to the recess has a lower melting point than a metal or an alloy of a base material of the press-fit terminal. 7. A press-fit terminal to be inserted into a through hole of a circuit board, the press-fit terminal comprising:
a bar portion, and a press-fit deformation portion that is provided at an end of the bar portion, is wider than the through hole in a deformation direction, and configured to be deformed when inserted into the insertion hole, a recess provided in the press-fit deformation portion and recessed from a surface of the press-fit deformation portion; and a terminal-side conductor layer that is a plating smoothly covering the surface of the press-fit deformation portion including the recess without depression. 8. The press-fit terminal according to claim 7, wherein;
the through hole has a through-hole-side conductor layer on an inner surface of the through hole; the terminal-side conductor layer includes a second metal portion at a part corresponding to a region in which the recess does not exist; and the second metal portion is harder than a through-hole-side metal portion included in the through-hole-side conductor layer. | 3,700 |
346,235 | 16,804,675 | 3,754 | Techniques are disclosed relating to level-shifting circuitry and time borrowing across voltage domains. In disclosed embodiments, an apparatus includes pulse circuitry, latch circuitry, pull circuitry, and feedback circuitry. The pulse circuitry is configured to generate a pulse signal in response to an active clock edge. The latch circuitry is configured to store a value of an input signal, where the input signal has a first voltage level. The pull circuitry is configured to drive, during the pulse signal, an output of the latch circuitry to match a logical value of the input signal at a second, different voltage level. This may allow the input signal to change during the pulse, enabling time borrowing. The feedback circuitry is configured to maintain the output of the latch circuitry at the second voltage level after the pulse signal. | 1. -20. (Canceled) 21. An apparatus, comprising:
selectively cross-coupled latch circuitry configured to receive an input signal at a first voltage level and generate an output signal at a second, different voltage level, wherein the latch circuitry is configured to pass a logical value of the input signal or output a stored logical value of the input signal based on a clock signal; time borrow circuitry configured to, during a time interval subsequent to an active edge of the clock signal, drive the output signal at the second voltage level to match the logical value of the input signal, thereby allowing time borrowing across voltage domains corresponding to the first and second voltage levels, wherein the time borrow circuitry includes pulse circuitry configured to generate a pulse signal in response to the active clock edge; multiple transistors connected in series between an output of the latch circuitry and a source voltage or reference voltage, including a first transistor controlled by the pulse signal and a second transistor controlled by the input signal; and one or more transistors configured to disable cross-coupling of the latch circuitry during the pulse signal, including a PMOS transistor controlled by the pulse signal and located in series with a selectively cross-coupled PMOS transistor of the latch and an NMOS transistor controlled by an inverse of the pulse signal and located in series with a selectively cross-coupled NMOS transistor of the latch. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the latch circuitry and time borrow circuitry implement a flip-flop circuit with voltage level shifting. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the latch circuitry is included in static-to-dynamic converter (SDC) circuitry and wherein the apparatus further includes:
an NMOS transistor included in the multiple transistors and controlled by the clock signal; and a PMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal and located between source voltage or reference voltage and an output of the latch. 24. The apparatus of claim 21 further comprising:
upstream circuitry configured to generate the input signal at the first voltage level, wherein the circuitry is configured to time borrow from the latch circuitry by changing the input signal after the active clock edge and during the time interval. 25. An apparatus, comprising:
latch circuitry configured to receive an input signal at a first voltage level and generate an output signal at a second, different voltage level, wherein the latch circuitry is configured to pass a logical value of the input signal or output a stored logical value of the input signal based on a clock signal; and time borrow circuitry configured to, during a time interval subsequent to an active edge of the clock signal, drive the output signal at the second voltage level to match the logical value of the input signal, thereby allowing time borrowing across voltage domains corresponding to the first and second voltage levels. 26. The apparatus of claim 25,
wherein the time borrow circuitry includes pulse circuitry configured to generate a pulse signal in response to the active clock edge; wherein the apparatus includes multiple transistors connected in series between an output of the latch circuitry and a source voltage or reference voltage, including a first transistor controlled by the pulse signal and a second transistor controlled by the input signal; and wherein the latch is a selectively cross-coupled latch and the apparatus includes one or more transistors configured to disable cross-coupling of the latch circuitry during the pulse signal. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more transistors configured to disable cross-coupling of the latch circuitry during the pulse signal include a PMOS transistor controlled by the pulse signal and located in series with a cross-coupled PMOS transistor of the latch and an NMOS transistor controlled by an inverse of the pulse signal and located in series with a cross-coupled NMOS transistor of the latch, wherein the cross-coupled PMOS and NMOS transistors are controlled by an output of the latch. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the latch circuitry and time borrow circuitry implement a flip-flop circuit with voltage level shifting. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the latch circuitry is included in static-to-dynamic converter (SDC) circuitry and wherein the apparatus further includes:
an NMOS transistor included in the multiple transistors and controlled by the clock signal; and a PMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal and located between source voltage or reference voltage and an output of the latch. 30. The apparatus of claim 29,
wherein the NMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal is configured to drive the output of the latch to a logical zero when the clock is low; and wherein the PMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal is configured to disable at least a portion of cross-coupling circuitry when the clock is low. 31. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the pulse circuitry includes:
a chain of inverter circuits configured to receive the clock signal as an input; and a NAND gate configured to receive the clock signal and an output of the chain of inverter circuits as inputs. 32. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:
upstream circuitry configured to generate the input signal at the first voltage level, wherein the circuitry is configured to time borrow from the latch circuitry by changing the input signal after the active clock edge and during the time interval. 33. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the apparatus is a computing device that includes:
a processor that includes the latch circuitry and the time borrow circuitry; and a display unit configured to output data to a display device. 34. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon design information that specifies a design of at least a portion of a hardware integrated circuit in a format recognized by a semiconductor fabrication system that is configured to use the design information to produce the circuit according to the design, wherein the design information specifies that the circuit includes:
latch circuitry configured to receive an input signal at a first voltage level and generate an output signal at a second, different voltage level, wherein the latch circuitry is configured to pass a logical value of the input signal or output a stored logical value of the input signal based on a clock signal; and time borrow circuitry configured to, during a time interval subsequent to an active edge of the clock signal, drive the output signal at the second voltage level to match the logical value of the input signal, thereby allowing time borrowing across voltage domains corresponding to the first and second voltage levels. 35. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 34,
wherein the time borrow circuitry includes pulse circuitry configured to generate a pulse signal in response to the active clock edge; wherein the circuit includes multiple transistors connected in series between an output of the latch circuitry and a source voltage or reference voltage, including a first transistor controlled by the pulse signal and a second transistor controlled by the input signal; and wherein the latch is a selectively cross-coupled latch and the circuit includes one or more transistors configured to disable cross-coupling of the latch circuitry during the pulse signal. 36. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein the one or more transistors configured to disable cross-coupling of the latch circuitry during the pulse signal include a PMOS transistor controlled by the pulse signal and located in series with a cross-coupled PMOS transistor of the latch and an NMOS transistor controlled by an inverse of the pulse signal and located in series with a cross-coupled NMOS transistor of the latch, wherein the cross-coupled PMOS and NMOS transistors are controlled by an output of the latch. 37. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 36, wherein the latch circuitry and time borrow circuitry implement a flip-flop circuit with voltage level shifting. 38. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 36, wherein the latch circuitry is included in static-to-dynamic converter (SDC) circuitry and wherein the circuit further includes:
an NMOS transistor included in the multiple transistors and controlled by the clock signal; and a PMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal and located between source voltage or reference voltage and an output of the latch. 39. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 37,
wherein the NMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal is configured to drive the output of the latch to a logical zero when the clock is low; and wherein the PMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal is configured to disable at least a portion of the of cross-coupling circuitry when the clock is low. 40. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 34, further comprising:
upstream circuitry configured to generate the input signal at the first voltage level, wherein the circuitry is configured to time borrow from the latch circuitry by changing the input signal after the active clock edge and during the time interval. | Techniques are disclosed relating to level-shifting circuitry and time borrowing across voltage domains. In disclosed embodiments, an apparatus includes pulse circuitry, latch circuitry, pull circuitry, and feedback circuitry. The pulse circuitry is configured to generate a pulse signal in response to an active clock edge. The latch circuitry is configured to store a value of an input signal, where the input signal has a first voltage level. The pull circuitry is configured to drive, during the pulse signal, an output of the latch circuitry to match a logical value of the input signal at a second, different voltage level. This may allow the input signal to change during the pulse, enabling time borrowing. The feedback circuitry is configured to maintain the output of the latch circuitry at the second voltage level after the pulse signal.1. -20. (Canceled) 21. An apparatus, comprising:
selectively cross-coupled latch circuitry configured to receive an input signal at a first voltage level and generate an output signal at a second, different voltage level, wherein the latch circuitry is configured to pass a logical value of the input signal or output a stored logical value of the input signal based on a clock signal; time borrow circuitry configured to, during a time interval subsequent to an active edge of the clock signal, drive the output signal at the second voltage level to match the logical value of the input signal, thereby allowing time borrowing across voltage domains corresponding to the first and second voltage levels, wherein the time borrow circuitry includes pulse circuitry configured to generate a pulse signal in response to the active clock edge; multiple transistors connected in series between an output of the latch circuitry and a source voltage or reference voltage, including a first transistor controlled by the pulse signal and a second transistor controlled by the input signal; and one or more transistors configured to disable cross-coupling of the latch circuitry during the pulse signal, including a PMOS transistor controlled by the pulse signal and located in series with a selectively cross-coupled PMOS transistor of the latch and an NMOS transistor controlled by an inverse of the pulse signal and located in series with a selectively cross-coupled NMOS transistor of the latch. 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the latch circuitry and time borrow circuitry implement a flip-flop circuit with voltage level shifting. 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the latch circuitry is included in static-to-dynamic converter (SDC) circuitry and wherein the apparatus further includes:
an NMOS transistor included in the multiple transistors and controlled by the clock signal; and a PMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal and located between source voltage or reference voltage and an output of the latch. 24. The apparatus of claim 21 further comprising:
upstream circuitry configured to generate the input signal at the first voltage level, wherein the circuitry is configured to time borrow from the latch circuitry by changing the input signal after the active clock edge and during the time interval. 25. An apparatus, comprising:
latch circuitry configured to receive an input signal at a first voltage level and generate an output signal at a second, different voltage level, wherein the latch circuitry is configured to pass a logical value of the input signal or output a stored logical value of the input signal based on a clock signal; and time borrow circuitry configured to, during a time interval subsequent to an active edge of the clock signal, drive the output signal at the second voltage level to match the logical value of the input signal, thereby allowing time borrowing across voltage domains corresponding to the first and second voltage levels. 26. The apparatus of claim 25,
wherein the time borrow circuitry includes pulse circuitry configured to generate a pulse signal in response to the active clock edge; wherein the apparatus includes multiple transistors connected in series between an output of the latch circuitry and a source voltage or reference voltage, including a first transistor controlled by the pulse signal and a second transistor controlled by the input signal; and wherein the latch is a selectively cross-coupled latch and the apparatus includes one or more transistors configured to disable cross-coupling of the latch circuitry during the pulse signal. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more transistors configured to disable cross-coupling of the latch circuitry during the pulse signal include a PMOS transistor controlled by the pulse signal and located in series with a cross-coupled PMOS transistor of the latch and an NMOS transistor controlled by an inverse of the pulse signal and located in series with a cross-coupled NMOS transistor of the latch, wherein the cross-coupled PMOS and NMOS transistors are controlled by an output of the latch. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the latch circuitry and time borrow circuitry implement a flip-flop circuit with voltage level shifting. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the latch circuitry is included in static-to-dynamic converter (SDC) circuitry and wherein the apparatus further includes:
an NMOS transistor included in the multiple transistors and controlled by the clock signal; and a PMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal and located between source voltage or reference voltage and an output of the latch. 30. The apparatus of claim 29,
wherein the NMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal is configured to drive the output of the latch to a logical zero when the clock is low; and wherein the PMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal is configured to disable at least a portion of cross-coupling circuitry when the clock is low. 31. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the pulse circuitry includes:
a chain of inverter circuits configured to receive the clock signal as an input; and a NAND gate configured to receive the clock signal and an output of the chain of inverter circuits as inputs. 32. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:
upstream circuitry configured to generate the input signal at the first voltage level, wherein the circuitry is configured to time borrow from the latch circuitry by changing the input signal after the active clock edge and during the time interval. 33. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the apparatus is a computing device that includes:
a processor that includes the latch circuitry and the time borrow circuitry; and a display unit configured to output data to a display device. 34. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon design information that specifies a design of at least a portion of a hardware integrated circuit in a format recognized by a semiconductor fabrication system that is configured to use the design information to produce the circuit according to the design, wherein the design information specifies that the circuit includes:
latch circuitry configured to receive an input signal at a first voltage level and generate an output signal at a second, different voltage level, wherein the latch circuitry is configured to pass a logical value of the input signal or output a stored logical value of the input signal based on a clock signal; and time borrow circuitry configured to, during a time interval subsequent to an active edge of the clock signal, drive the output signal at the second voltage level to match the logical value of the input signal, thereby allowing time borrowing across voltage domains corresponding to the first and second voltage levels. 35. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 34,
wherein the time borrow circuitry includes pulse circuitry configured to generate a pulse signal in response to the active clock edge; wherein the circuit includes multiple transistors connected in series between an output of the latch circuitry and a source voltage or reference voltage, including a first transistor controlled by the pulse signal and a second transistor controlled by the input signal; and wherein the latch is a selectively cross-coupled latch and the circuit includes one or more transistors configured to disable cross-coupling of the latch circuitry during the pulse signal. 36. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 35, wherein the one or more transistors configured to disable cross-coupling of the latch circuitry during the pulse signal include a PMOS transistor controlled by the pulse signal and located in series with a cross-coupled PMOS transistor of the latch and an NMOS transistor controlled by an inverse of the pulse signal and located in series with a cross-coupled NMOS transistor of the latch, wherein the cross-coupled PMOS and NMOS transistors are controlled by an output of the latch. 37. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 36, wherein the latch circuitry and time borrow circuitry implement a flip-flop circuit with voltage level shifting. 38. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 36, wherein the latch circuitry is included in static-to-dynamic converter (SDC) circuitry and wherein the circuit further includes:
an NMOS transistor included in the multiple transistors and controlled by the clock signal; and a PMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal and located between source voltage or reference voltage and an output of the latch. 39. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 37,
wherein the NMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal is configured to drive the output of the latch to a logical zero when the clock is low; and wherein the PMOS transistor controlled by the clock signal is configured to disable at least a portion of the of cross-coupling circuitry when the clock is low. 40. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 34, further comprising:
upstream circuitry configured to generate the input signal at the first voltage level, wherein the circuitry is configured to time borrow from the latch circuitry by changing the input signal after the active clock edge and during the time interval. | 3,700 |
346,236 | 16,804,688 | 3,754 | The present invention is directed to a haptic system of rotating cylindrical shafts topped with caps to create a virtual sensation of Braille text by integrating a microprocessor with microdrive motors. The micro drive's shafts are crowned with plastic cylindrical caps, the top face of which are precisely flush or level with the device's display surface thereby emulating the standard diameter and feel of a Braille dot or Braille space in two dimensions. It is the rotation of the drive's shaft that spins the caps and simulates the sensation of a Braille dot that is felt with the fingertips. This sensation of a two dimensional rotating dot is the result of the top face of the capped shafts positioned flush with the device's display surface. Motors that alternate between rotating shafts and shafts at rest produce Braille cell dots and spaces, respectively. | 1. A motorized device comprising:
a computer processing unit; a plurality of motors or micro drives connected to a plurality of shafts, optionally crowned with cylindrical caps, wherein top(s) of the plurality of shafts are flush with a display surface of the motorized device, wherein the plurality of motors or micro drives are capable of making the plurality of shafts spin and/or rotate, wherein the top of the plurality of spinning shafts are capable of providing a tactile pattern on the display surface of the motorized device. 2. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the shafts are crowned with 1.44 mm cylindrical caps. 3. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein capped tops of the shafts are in a 2 column by 3 row configuration for each cell simulating the size and dimensions of standard Braille dots and cells embossed on paper. 4. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells are in a 25 column by 40 row array producing the 1000 cell user interface. 5. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the display surface is capable of providing Braille for one or more pages of conventionally displayed print or pixel text. 6. A method of providing a Braille readable surface translated from written text comprising:
transferring a portable document file to a microcomputer through a device USB or other type of input; microcomputer converts the data in the file to Java bytecode; bytecode is converted into plain text format that can be interpreted by Java applet; text is converted into two-dimensional Boolean arrays representative of Braille cells; Braille cells format is outputted to microdrive motors to turn on or stay off; caps on top of microdrive motor shafts spin or remain still, thus sensed by user as a Braille dot or space; 1000 Braille cell array is read by user as a page of text. | The present invention is directed to a haptic system of rotating cylindrical shafts topped with caps to create a virtual sensation of Braille text by integrating a microprocessor with microdrive motors. The micro drive's shafts are crowned with plastic cylindrical caps, the top face of which are precisely flush or level with the device's display surface thereby emulating the standard diameter and feel of a Braille dot or Braille space in two dimensions. It is the rotation of the drive's shaft that spins the caps and simulates the sensation of a Braille dot that is felt with the fingertips. This sensation of a two dimensional rotating dot is the result of the top face of the capped shafts positioned flush with the device's display surface. Motors that alternate between rotating shafts and shafts at rest produce Braille cell dots and spaces, respectively.1. A motorized device comprising:
a computer processing unit; a plurality of motors or micro drives connected to a plurality of shafts, optionally crowned with cylindrical caps, wherein top(s) of the plurality of shafts are flush with a display surface of the motorized device, wherein the plurality of motors or micro drives are capable of making the plurality of shafts spin and/or rotate, wherein the top of the plurality of spinning shafts are capable of providing a tactile pattern on the display surface of the motorized device. 2. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the shafts are crowned with 1.44 mm cylindrical caps. 3. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein capped tops of the shafts are in a 2 column by 3 row configuration for each cell simulating the size and dimensions of standard Braille dots and cells embossed on paper. 4. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells are in a 25 column by 40 row array producing the 1000 cell user interface. 5. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the display surface is capable of providing Braille for one or more pages of conventionally displayed print or pixel text. 6. A method of providing a Braille readable surface translated from written text comprising:
transferring a portable document file to a microcomputer through a device USB or other type of input; microcomputer converts the data in the file to Java bytecode; bytecode is converted into plain text format that can be interpreted by Java applet; text is converted into two-dimensional Boolean arrays representative of Braille cells; Braille cells format is outputted to microdrive motors to turn on or stay off; caps on top of microdrive motor shafts spin or remain still, thus sensed by user as a Braille dot or space; 1000 Braille cell array is read by user as a page of text. | 3,700 |
346,237 | 16,804,661 | 3,754 | The present invention is directed to a haptic system of rotating cylindrical shafts topped with caps to create a virtual sensation of Braille text by integrating a microprocessor with microdrive motors. The micro drive's shafts are crowned with plastic cylindrical caps, the top face of which are precisely flush or level with the device's display surface thereby emulating the standard diameter and feel of a Braille dot or Braille space in two dimensions. It is the rotation of the drive's shaft that spins the caps and simulates the sensation of a Braille dot that is felt with the fingertips. This sensation of a two dimensional rotating dot is the result of the top face of the capped shafts positioned flush with the device's display surface. Motors that alternate between rotating shafts and shafts at rest produce Braille cell dots and spaces, respectively. | 1. A motorized device comprising:
a computer processing unit; a plurality of motors or micro drives connected to a plurality of shafts, optionally crowned with cylindrical caps, wherein top(s) of the plurality of shafts are flush with a display surface of the motorized device, wherein the plurality of motors or micro drives are capable of making the plurality of shafts spin and/or rotate, wherein the top of the plurality of spinning shafts are capable of providing a tactile pattern on the display surface of the motorized device. 2. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the shafts are crowned with 1.44 mm cylindrical caps. 3. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein capped tops of the shafts are in a 2 column by 3 row configuration for each cell simulating the size and dimensions of standard Braille dots and cells embossed on paper. 4. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells are in a 25 column by 40 row array producing the 1000 cell user interface. 5. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the display surface is capable of providing Braille for one or more pages of conventionally displayed print or pixel text. 6. A method of providing a Braille readable surface translated from written text comprising:
transferring a portable document file to a microcomputer through a device USB or other type of input; microcomputer converts the data in the file to Java bytecode; bytecode is converted into plain text format that can be interpreted by Java applet; text is converted into two-dimensional Boolean arrays representative of Braille cells; Braille cells format is outputted to microdrive motors to turn on or stay off; caps on top of microdrive motor shafts spin or remain still, thus sensed by user as a Braille dot or space; 1000 Braille cell array is read by user as a page of text. | The present invention is directed to a haptic system of rotating cylindrical shafts topped with caps to create a virtual sensation of Braille text by integrating a microprocessor with microdrive motors. The micro drive's shafts are crowned with plastic cylindrical caps, the top face of which are precisely flush or level with the device's display surface thereby emulating the standard diameter and feel of a Braille dot or Braille space in two dimensions. It is the rotation of the drive's shaft that spins the caps and simulates the sensation of a Braille dot that is felt with the fingertips. This sensation of a two dimensional rotating dot is the result of the top face of the capped shafts positioned flush with the device's display surface. Motors that alternate between rotating shafts and shafts at rest produce Braille cell dots and spaces, respectively.1. A motorized device comprising:
a computer processing unit; a plurality of motors or micro drives connected to a plurality of shafts, optionally crowned with cylindrical caps, wherein top(s) of the plurality of shafts are flush with a display surface of the motorized device, wherein the plurality of motors or micro drives are capable of making the plurality of shafts spin and/or rotate, wherein the top of the plurality of spinning shafts are capable of providing a tactile pattern on the display surface of the motorized device. 2. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the shafts are crowned with 1.44 mm cylindrical caps. 3. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein capped tops of the shafts are in a 2 column by 3 row configuration for each cell simulating the size and dimensions of standard Braille dots and cells embossed on paper. 4. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells are in a 25 column by 40 row array producing the 1000 cell user interface. 5. The motorized device of claim 1, wherein the display surface is capable of providing Braille for one or more pages of conventionally displayed print or pixel text. 6. A method of providing a Braille readable surface translated from written text comprising:
transferring a portable document file to a microcomputer through a device USB or other type of input; microcomputer converts the data in the file to Java bytecode; bytecode is converted into plain text format that can be interpreted by Java applet; text is converted into two-dimensional Boolean arrays representative of Braille cells; Braille cells format is outputted to microdrive motors to turn on or stay off; caps on top of microdrive motor shafts spin or remain still, thus sensed by user as a Braille dot or space; 1000 Braille cell array is read by user as a page of text. | 3,700 |
346,238 | 16,804,637 | 3,754 | A rotational force is transmitted to a main assembly side feeding member for feeding the toner into a main assembly side toner accommodating portion from a coupling member provided on a cartridge. | 1-161. (canceled) 162. A cartridge comprising:
a frame; a photosensitive drum rotatably supported by the frame; a first coupling member operatively connected to the photosensitive drum such that the first coupling member is capable of transmitting a rotational force to the photosensitive drum, the first coupling member including a projection that is exposed to outside of the cartridge; a toner feeding screw rotatably supported by the frame, the toner feeding screw being configured to move toner in the cartridge; and a second coupling member including (i) a shaft and (ii) a projection at an end of the second coupling member, wherein the first coupling member is operatively connected to the toner feeding screw and the second coupling member such that the rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to the toner feeding screw and the second coupling member. 163. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a rotatable transmission member configured to transmit the rotational force from the toner feeding screw to the second coupling member. 164. The cartridge of claim 163, wherein the transmission member includes projections positioned about an axis of the transmission member, with the projections being engageable with the toner feeding screw. 165. The cartridge of claim 163, wherein the toner feeding screw includes (i) a first screw portion and (ii) a second screw portion that is shorter than the first screw portion, and
wherein the first screw portion and the second screw portion are configured to move toner in opposite directions, and the projections of the transmission member are engageable with the second screw portion. 166. The cartridge of claim 163, wherein the transmission member includes an opening through which toner can move. 167. The cartridge of claim 163, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member is configured to receive the rotational force by contacting the transmission member. 168. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a cleaning blade contacting a surface of the photosensitive drum and configured to remove toner from the surface. 169. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the first coupling member is attached to an end of the photosensitive drum. 170. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member includes a cylindrical portion positioned about an axis of the second coupling member. 171. The cartridge of claim 170, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member includes an extension that extends from the cylindrical portion and away from the projection of the second coupling member in an axial direction of the second coupling member. 172. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the toner feeding screw is operatively connected to the photosensitive drum and the second coupling member such that the toner feeding screw is capable of transmitting the rotational force from the photosensitive drum to the second coupling member. 173. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising gears configured to transmit the rotational force from the photosensitive drum to the toner feeding screw. 174. The cartridge of claim 173, wherein the photosensitive drum has (i) a first end to which the first coupling member is attached and (ii) a second end opposite to the first end,
wherein one of the gears is attached to the second end of the photosensitive drum. 175. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member is formed about an axis of the second coupling member, and
wherein, as seen along an axis of the photosensitive drum, the axis of the photosensitive drum and an axis of the toner feeding screw are positioned on opposite sides of an axis of the second coupling member. 176. A process cartridge comprising:
a frame; toner contained within the frame; a photosensitive drum rotatably supported by the frame; a developing roller rotatably supported by the frame, the developing roller being configured to develop a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum with the toner contained within the frame; a first coupling member operatively connected to the photosensitive drum such that the first coupling member is capable of transmitting a rotational force to the photosensitive drum, the first coupling member including a projection that is exposed to outside of the process cartridge; and a toner feeding screw rotatably supported by the frame, the toner feeding screw being configured to move toner in the process cartridge; and a second coupling member including (i) a shaft and (ii) a projection at an end of the second coupling member, wherein the first coupling member is operatively connected to the toner feeding screw and the second coupling member such that the rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to the toner feeding screw and the second coupling member. 177. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a rotatable transmission member configured to transmit the rotational force from the toner feeding screw to the second coupling member. 178. The process cartridge of claim 177, wherein the transmission member includes projections positioned about an axis of the transmission member, with the projections being engageable with the toner feeding screw. 179. The process cartridge of claim 177, wherein the toner feeding screw includes (i) a first screw portion and (ii) a second screw portion that is shorter than the first screw portion, and
wherein the first screw portion and the second screw portion are configured to move the toner in opposite directions, and the projections of the transmission member are engageable with the second screw portion. 180. The process cartridge of claim 177, wherein the transmission member includes an opening through which the toner can move. 181. The process cartridge of claim 177, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member is configured to receive the rotational force by contacting the transmission member. 182. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a cleaning blade contacting a surface of the photosensitive drum and configured to remove toner from the surface. 183. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the first coupling member is attached to an end of the photosensitive drum. 184. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member includes a cylindrical portion positioned about an axis of the second coupling member. 185. The process cartridge of claim 184, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member includes an extension that extends from the cylindrical portion and away from the projection of the second coupling member in an axial direction of the second coupling member. 186. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the toner feeding screw is operatively connected to the photosensitive drum and the second coupling member such that the toner feeding screw is capable of transmitting the rotational force from the photosensitive drum to the second coupling member. 187. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising gears configured to transmit the rotational force from the photosensitive drum to the toner feeding screw. 188. The process cartridge of claim 187, wherein the photosensitive drum has (i) a first end to which the first coupling member is attached and (ii) a second end opposite to the first end,
wherein one of the gears is attached to the second end of the photosensitive drum. 189. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member is formed about an axis of the second coupling member, and
wherein, as seen along an axis of the photosensitive drum, the axis of the photosensitive drum and an axis of the toner feeding screw are positioned on opposite sides of an axis of the second coupling member. 190. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the frame includes (i) a first frame supporting the photosensitive drum and (ii) a second frame containing the toner and supporting the developing roller. 191. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a supplying roller configured to supply the toner to the developing roller, and a stirring member configured to move the toner toward the supplying roller,
wherein, when the process cartridge is oriented with the photosensitive drum positioned on an upper side of the process cartridge, the supplying roller and the developing roller are positioned above the stirring member. | A rotational force is transmitted to a main assembly side feeding member for feeding the toner into a main assembly side toner accommodating portion from a coupling member provided on a cartridge.1-161. (canceled) 162. A cartridge comprising:
a frame; a photosensitive drum rotatably supported by the frame; a first coupling member operatively connected to the photosensitive drum such that the first coupling member is capable of transmitting a rotational force to the photosensitive drum, the first coupling member including a projection that is exposed to outside of the cartridge; a toner feeding screw rotatably supported by the frame, the toner feeding screw being configured to move toner in the cartridge; and a second coupling member including (i) a shaft and (ii) a projection at an end of the second coupling member, wherein the first coupling member is operatively connected to the toner feeding screw and the second coupling member such that the rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to the toner feeding screw and the second coupling member. 163. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a rotatable transmission member configured to transmit the rotational force from the toner feeding screw to the second coupling member. 164. The cartridge of claim 163, wherein the transmission member includes projections positioned about an axis of the transmission member, with the projections being engageable with the toner feeding screw. 165. The cartridge of claim 163, wherein the toner feeding screw includes (i) a first screw portion and (ii) a second screw portion that is shorter than the first screw portion, and
wherein the first screw portion and the second screw portion are configured to move toner in opposite directions, and the projections of the transmission member are engageable with the second screw portion. 166. The cartridge of claim 163, wherein the transmission member includes an opening through which toner can move. 167. The cartridge of claim 163, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member is configured to receive the rotational force by contacting the transmission member. 168. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising a cleaning blade contacting a surface of the photosensitive drum and configured to remove toner from the surface. 169. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the first coupling member is attached to an end of the photosensitive drum. 170. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member includes a cylindrical portion positioned about an axis of the second coupling member. 171. The cartridge of claim 170, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member includes an extension that extends from the cylindrical portion and away from the projection of the second coupling member in an axial direction of the second coupling member. 172. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the toner feeding screw is operatively connected to the photosensitive drum and the second coupling member such that the toner feeding screw is capable of transmitting the rotational force from the photosensitive drum to the second coupling member. 173. The cartridge of claim 162, further comprising gears configured to transmit the rotational force from the photosensitive drum to the toner feeding screw. 174. The cartridge of claim 173, wherein the photosensitive drum has (i) a first end to which the first coupling member is attached and (ii) a second end opposite to the first end,
wherein one of the gears is attached to the second end of the photosensitive drum. 175. The cartridge of claim 162, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member is formed about an axis of the second coupling member, and
wherein, as seen along an axis of the photosensitive drum, the axis of the photosensitive drum and an axis of the toner feeding screw are positioned on opposite sides of an axis of the second coupling member. 176. A process cartridge comprising:
a frame; toner contained within the frame; a photosensitive drum rotatably supported by the frame; a developing roller rotatably supported by the frame, the developing roller being configured to develop a latent image formed on the photosensitive drum with the toner contained within the frame; a first coupling member operatively connected to the photosensitive drum such that the first coupling member is capable of transmitting a rotational force to the photosensitive drum, the first coupling member including a projection that is exposed to outside of the process cartridge; and a toner feeding screw rotatably supported by the frame, the toner feeding screw being configured to move toner in the process cartridge; and a second coupling member including (i) a shaft and (ii) a projection at an end of the second coupling member, wherein the first coupling member is operatively connected to the toner feeding screw and the second coupling member such that the rotational force can be transmitted from the first coupling member to the toner feeding screw and the second coupling member. 177. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a rotatable transmission member configured to transmit the rotational force from the toner feeding screw to the second coupling member. 178. The process cartridge of claim 177, wherein the transmission member includes projections positioned about an axis of the transmission member, with the projections being engageable with the toner feeding screw. 179. The process cartridge of claim 177, wherein the toner feeding screw includes (i) a first screw portion and (ii) a second screw portion that is shorter than the first screw portion, and
wherein the first screw portion and the second screw portion are configured to move the toner in opposite directions, and the projections of the transmission member are engageable with the second screw portion. 180. The process cartridge of claim 177, wherein the transmission member includes an opening through which the toner can move. 181. The process cartridge of claim 177, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member is configured to receive the rotational force by contacting the transmission member. 182. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a cleaning blade contacting a surface of the photosensitive drum and configured to remove toner from the surface. 183. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the first coupling member is attached to an end of the photosensitive drum. 184. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member includes a cylindrical portion positioned about an axis of the second coupling member. 185. The process cartridge of claim 184, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member includes an extension that extends from the cylindrical portion and away from the projection of the second coupling member in an axial direction of the second coupling member. 186. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the toner feeding screw is operatively connected to the photosensitive drum and the second coupling member such that the toner feeding screw is capable of transmitting the rotational force from the photosensitive drum to the second coupling member. 187. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising gears configured to transmit the rotational force from the photosensitive drum to the toner feeding screw. 188. The process cartridge of claim 187, wherein the photosensitive drum has (i) a first end to which the first coupling member is attached and (ii) a second end opposite to the first end,
wherein one of the gears is attached to the second end of the photosensitive drum. 189. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the shaft of the second coupling member is formed about an axis of the second coupling member, and
wherein, as seen along an axis of the photosensitive drum, the axis of the photosensitive drum and an axis of the toner feeding screw are positioned on opposite sides of an axis of the second coupling member. 190. The process cartridge of claim 176, wherein the frame includes (i) a first frame supporting the photosensitive drum and (ii) a second frame containing the toner and supporting the developing roller. 191. The process cartridge of claim 176, further comprising a supplying roller configured to supply the toner to the developing roller, and a stirring member configured to move the toner toward the supplying roller,
wherein, when the process cartridge is oriented with the photosensitive drum positioned on an upper side of the process cartridge, the supplying roller and the developing roller are positioned above the stirring member. | 3,700 |
346,239 | 16,804,699 | 3,754 | the one or the plurality of processors is programmed to execute a method including: converting an inspection target image representing an inspection target into a virtual good article image by using a learning model, the learning model being trained so that an image representing a good article is generated based on features of a plurality of targets that are determined as good articles, generating a difference between the virtual good article image and the inspection target image as a defect candidate image, and displaying the defect candidate image on the display device. | 1. An inspection apparatus comprising:
a display device; and one or a plurality of processors, wherein the one or the plurality of processors is programmed to execute a method including:
converting an inspection target image representing an inspection target into a virtual good article image by using a learning model, the learning model being trained so that an image representing a good article is generated based on features of a plurality of targets that are determined as good articles,
generating a difference between the virtual good article image and the inspection target image as a defect candidate image, and
displaying the defect candidate image on the display device. 2. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the one or the plurality of processors is programmed to execute the method further including: causing the display device to display the virtual good article image. 3. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the one or the plurality of processors is programmed to execute the method further including:
receiving designation of an over-detected defect candidate from one or a plurality of defect candidates included in the defect candidate image displayed on the display device via a user interface, and
restructuring the learning model so that the image from which the designated defect candidate is excluded is generated. 4. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the one or the plurality of processors is programmed to execute the method further including executing machine learning using images of the plurality of targets that are determined as good articles in appearance inspection and generating the learning model. 5. A method comprising:
converting an inspection target image representing an inspection target into a virtual good article image by using a learning model, the learning model being trained so that an image representing a good article is generated based on features of a plurality of targets that are determined as good articles; generating a difference between the virtual good article image and the inspection target image as a defect candidate image; and displaying the defect candidate image on the display device. 6. A non-volatile storage medium storing instructions for causing one or a plurality of processors to execute a method, wherein
the method including:
converting an inspection target image representing an inspection target into a virtual good article image by using a learning model, the learning model being trained so that an image representing a good article is generated based on features of a plurality of targets that are determined as good articles,
generating a difference between the virtual good article image and the inspection target image as a defect candidate image, and
displaying the defect candidate image on the display device. | the one or the plurality of processors is programmed to execute a method including: converting an inspection target image representing an inspection target into a virtual good article image by using a learning model, the learning model being trained so that an image representing a good article is generated based on features of a plurality of targets that are determined as good articles, generating a difference between the virtual good article image and the inspection target image as a defect candidate image, and displaying the defect candidate image on the display device.1. An inspection apparatus comprising:
a display device; and one or a plurality of processors, wherein the one or the plurality of processors is programmed to execute a method including:
converting an inspection target image representing an inspection target into a virtual good article image by using a learning model, the learning model being trained so that an image representing a good article is generated based on features of a plurality of targets that are determined as good articles,
generating a difference between the virtual good article image and the inspection target image as a defect candidate image, and
displaying the defect candidate image on the display device. 2. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the one or the plurality of processors is programmed to execute the method further including: causing the display device to display the virtual good article image. 3. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the one or the plurality of processors is programmed to execute the method further including:
receiving designation of an over-detected defect candidate from one or a plurality of defect candidates included in the defect candidate image displayed on the display device via a user interface, and
restructuring the learning model so that the image from which the designated defect candidate is excluded is generated. 4. The inspection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the one or the plurality of processors is programmed to execute the method further including executing machine learning using images of the plurality of targets that are determined as good articles in appearance inspection and generating the learning model. 5. A method comprising:
converting an inspection target image representing an inspection target into a virtual good article image by using a learning model, the learning model being trained so that an image representing a good article is generated based on features of a plurality of targets that are determined as good articles; generating a difference between the virtual good article image and the inspection target image as a defect candidate image; and displaying the defect candidate image on the display device. 6. A non-volatile storage medium storing instructions for causing one or a plurality of processors to execute a method, wherein
the method including:
converting an inspection target image representing an inspection target into a virtual good article image by using a learning model, the learning model being trained so that an image representing a good article is generated based on features of a plurality of targets that are determined as good articles,
generating a difference between the virtual good article image and the inspection target image as a defect candidate image, and
displaying the defect candidate image on the display device. | 3,700 |
346,240 | 16,804,706 | 3,754 | An Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) configured to deposit a metal oxide layer onto an organic photoresist on a substrate using a highly reactive organic metal precursor. By using a highly reactive metal precursor, the rate of growth of the metal oxide layer is very fast, creating a “seal” that effectively protects the organic photoresist from loss and degradation from subsequent exposure to oxygen species during subsequent ALD cycles. The ability to deposit metal oxide layers means metal oxide spacers can be used in multi-patterning, resulting in highly uniform, dense lines, and the elimination of photolithography-etch steps. | 1. A method, comprising:
depositing a metal oxide layer onto an organic photoresist on a substrate during a first half of an Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) cycle; and exposing the substrate with the metal oxide layer deposited onto the organic photoresist to an oxygen species during a second half of the ALD cycle, wherein the organic metal precursor is sufficiently reactive to seal the organic photoresist with the deposited metal oxide layer from degradation by the oxygen species within three of the ALD cycles or less. 2. Method of claim 1, further comprising depositing the metal oxide layer at a thickness of 1.0 Angstroms or more per ALD cycle. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic metal precursor is a metal organic tin precursor. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic metal precursor is an amino 10 type precursor. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the amino 10 type precursor is selected from a group including:
(a) Dimethyl amino dimethyl tin (Me2Sn(NMe2)2 (b) Dimethylaminotrimethyltin (Me3Sn(MMe2) (c) Tetrakisdimethylamino tin (Sn(Nme2)4; (d) Tetrakisdimethylamino tin (Sn(Net2))4; or (e) other amino metal organic tin precursors. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic metal precursor is a methoxy type precursor selected from a group including:
(a) Dibutyl dimethoxy tin (Bu2Sn(OMe)2); or (b) any methoxy or ethoxy tin precursor. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic photoresist is one of the following:
(a) a carbon photoresist; (b) a polymeric photoresist; (c) a carbon mask film; or (d) an Anti Reflective Layer (ARL). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide layer is a tin oxide (SnO2) and the organic photoresist is either a carbon photoresist or a carbon Anti Reflective Layer (ARL). 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising using the deposited metal oxide layer to form spacers on the substrate in a multi-patterning process flow. 10. A multi-patterning method performed on a substrate, the method comprising forming metal oxide spacers on an organic photoresist on the substrate using an organic metal precursor. 11. The multi-patterning method of claim 10, wherein forming the metal oxide spacers further comprises:
using photolithography to pattern the organic photoresist to define mandrels on the substrate; depositing a layer of metal oxide over the mandrels on the substrate; and forming the metal oxide spacers on the substrate by removing substantially horizontal surfaces of the layer of the metal oxide and the mandrels from the substrate. 12. The multi-patterning method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a Silicon Oxide (SiO2) layer over the metal oxide spacers on the substrate; and forming SiO2 spacers on the substrate by removing horizontal portions of the Silicon Oxide (SiO2) layer and the metal oxide spacers. 13. The multi-patterning method of claim 12, wherein the metal oxide spacers have a pitch that is smaller than the mandrels and the SiO2 spacers have a pitch that is smaller than the metal oxide spacers. 14. The multi-patterning method of claim 11, wherein depositing the layer of metal oxide further comprises performing three or fewer Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) cycles on the substrate, each ALD cycle resulting in a metal oxide film having a thickness of 1.0 Angstroms or more. 15. The multi-patterning method of claim 14, wherein each ALD cycle further comprises:
depositing the metal oxide film, forming the metal oxide layer, during a first half-cycle; and exposing the substrate to an oxygen species during a second half-cycle, wherein the metal oxide film deposited during the first half-cycle aids in preventing the oxygen species from degrading the mandrels during the second half-cycle. 16. The multi-patterning method of claim 10, wherein the organic metal precursor is a metal organic tin precursor. 17. The multi-patterning method of claim 16, wherein the organic metal precursor is an amino 10 type precursor. 18. The multi-patterning method of claim 17, wherein the amino 10 type precursor is selected from a group including:
(a) Dimethylaminodimethyltin (Me2Sn(NMe2)2 (b) Dimethylaminotrimethyltin (Me3Sn(MMe2) (c) Tetrakis dimethylamino tin Sn(Nme2)4 (d) Tetrakisdiethylamino tin (Sn(Net2)4); or (e) any metal organic amino tin precursor. 19. The multi-patterning method of claim 10, wherein the organic metal precursor is a methoxy type precursor. 20. The multi-patterning method of claim 19, wherein the methoxy type precursor is selected from a group including:
(a) Dibutyl dimethoxy tin (Bu2Sn(OMe)2); (b) any other methoxy or ethoxy tin precursor. 21. The multi-patterning method of claim 10, wherein the organic photoresist is one of the following:
(a) a carbon photoresist; (b) a polymeric photoresist; (c) a carbon mask film; or (d) a carbon Anti Reflective Layer (ARL). 22. The multi-patterning method of claim 11, wherein the metal oxide layer is a tin oxide (SnO2) and the organic photoresist is either a carbon photoresist or a carbon Anti Reflective Layer (ARL). 23. The multi-patterning method of claim 14, wherein each ALD cycle is performed at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 125° C. 24. The multi-patterning method of claim 15, wherein depositing the metal oxide film during the first-half cycle further comprises introducing an organic metal precursor into a processing chamber at a flow rate ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 liters per minute. 25. The multi-patterning method of claim 15, further comprising ranging a duration of the first half cycle from 1.0 to 3.0 seconds. | An Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) configured to deposit a metal oxide layer onto an organic photoresist on a substrate using a highly reactive organic metal precursor. By using a highly reactive metal precursor, the rate of growth of the metal oxide layer is very fast, creating a “seal” that effectively protects the organic photoresist from loss and degradation from subsequent exposure to oxygen species during subsequent ALD cycles. The ability to deposit metal oxide layers means metal oxide spacers can be used in multi-patterning, resulting in highly uniform, dense lines, and the elimination of photolithography-etch steps.1. A method, comprising:
depositing a metal oxide layer onto an organic photoresist on a substrate during a first half of an Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) cycle; and exposing the substrate with the metal oxide layer deposited onto the organic photoresist to an oxygen species during a second half of the ALD cycle, wherein the organic metal precursor is sufficiently reactive to seal the organic photoresist with the deposited metal oxide layer from degradation by the oxygen species within three of the ALD cycles or less. 2. Method of claim 1, further comprising depositing the metal oxide layer at a thickness of 1.0 Angstroms or more per ALD cycle. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic metal precursor is a metal organic tin precursor. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic metal precursor is an amino 10 type precursor. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the amino 10 type precursor is selected from a group including:
(a) Dimethyl amino dimethyl tin (Me2Sn(NMe2)2 (b) Dimethylaminotrimethyltin (Me3Sn(MMe2) (c) Tetrakisdimethylamino tin (Sn(Nme2)4; (d) Tetrakisdimethylamino tin (Sn(Net2))4; or (e) other amino metal organic tin precursors. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic metal precursor is a methoxy type precursor selected from a group including:
(a) Dibutyl dimethoxy tin (Bu2Sn(OMe)2); or (b) any methoxy or ethoxy tin precursor. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic photoresist is one of the following:
(a) a carbon photoresist; (b) a polymeric photoresist; (c) a carbon mask film; or (d) an Anti Reflective Layer (ARL). 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide layer is a tin oxide (SnO2) and the organic photoresist is either a carbon photoresist or a carbon Anti Reflective Layer (ARL). 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising using the deposited metal oxide layer to form spacers on the substrate in a multi-patterning process flow. 10. A multi-patterning method performed on a substrate, the method comprising forming metal oxide spacers on an organic photoresist on the substrate using an organic metal precursor. 11. The multi-patterning method of claim 10, wherein forming the metal oxide spacers further comprises:
using photolithography to pattern the organic photoresist to define mandrels on the substrate; depositing a layer of metal oxide over the mandrels on the substrate; and forming the metal oxide spacers on the substrate by removing substantially horizontal surfaces of the layer of the metal oxide and the mandrels from the substrate. 12. The multi-patterning method of claim 11, further comprising:
forming a Silicon Oxide (SiO2) layer over the metal oxide spacers on the substrate; and forming SiO2 spacers on the substrate by removing horizontal portions of the Silicon Oxide (SiO2) layer and the metal oxide spacers. 13. The multi-patterning method of claim 12, wherein the metal oxide spacers have a pitch that is smaller than the mandrels and the SiO2 spacers have a pitch that is smaller than the metal oxide spacers. 14. The multi-patterning method of claim 11, wherein depositing the layer of metal oxide further comprises performing three or fewer Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) cycles on the substrate, each ALD cycle resulting in a metal oxide film having a thickness of 1.0 Angstroms or more. 15. The multi-patterning method of claim 14, wherein each ALD cycle further comprises:
depositing the metal oxide film, forming the metal oxide layer, during a first half-cycle; and exposing the substrate to an oxygen species during a second half-cycle, wherein the metal oxide film deposited during the first half-cycle aids in preventing the oxygen species from degrading the mandrels during the second half-cycle. 16. The multi-patterning method of claim 10, wherein the organic metal precursor is a metal organic tin precursor. 17. The multi-patterning method of claim 16, wherein the organic metal precursor is an amino 10 type precursor. 18. The multi-patterning method of claim 17, wherein the amino 10 type precursor is selected from a group including:
(a) Dimethylaminodimethyltin (Me2Sn(NMe2)2 (b) Dimethylaminotrimethyltin (Me3Sn(MMe2) (c) Tetrakis dimethylamino tin Sn(Nme2)4 (d) Tetrakisdiethylamino tin (Sn(Net2)4); or (e) any metal organic amino tin precursor. 19. The multi-patterning method of claim 10, wherein the organic metal precursor is a methoxy type precursor. 20. The multi-patterning method of claim 19, wherein the methoxy type precursor is selected from a group including:
(a) Dibutyl dimethoxy tin (Bu2Sn(OMe)2); (b) any other methoxy or ethoxy tin precursor. 21. The multi-patterning method of claim 10, wherein the organic photoresist is one of the following:
(a) a carbon photoresist; (b) a polymeric photoresist; (c) a carbon mask film; or (d) a carbon Anti Reflective Layer (ARL). 22. The multi-patterning method of claim 11, wherein the metal oxide layer is a tin oxide (SnO2) and the organic photoresist is either a carbon photoresist or a carbon Anti Reflective Layer (ARL). 23. The multi-patterning method of claim 14, wherein each ALD cycle is performed at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 125° C. 24. The multi-patterning method of claim 15, wherein depositing the metal oxide film during the first-half cycle further comprises introducing an organic metal precursor into a processing chamber at a flow rate ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 liters per minute. 25. The multi-patterning method of claim 15, further comprising ranging a duration of the first half cycle from 1.0 to 3.0 seconds. | 3,700 |
346,241 | 16,804,667 | 3,754 | A vehicle includes one or more cameras that capture a plurality of two-dimensional images of a three-dimensional object. A light detector and/or a semantic classifier search within those images for lights of the three-dimensional object. A vehicle signal detection module fuses information from the light detector and/or the semantic classifier to produce a semantic meaning for the lights. The vehicle can be controlled based on the semantic meaning. Further, the vehicle can include a depth sensor and an object projector. The object projector can determine regions of interest within the two-dimensional images, based on the depth sensor. The light detector and/or the semantic classifier can use these regions of interest to efficiently perform the search for the lights. | 1. A method, comprising:
generating, by a first vehicle signal detector, geometric information and semantic information for a first light of a three-dimensional object within a first two-dimensional image of the three-dimensional object captured by a camera on a vehicle, wherein geometric information for the first light comprises location of the first light on the three-dimensional object, and semantic information comprises a classification of the first light; generating, by a second vehicle signal detector, geometric information and semantic information for a second light within a second two-dimensional image, wherein geometric information for the second light comprises location of the second light, and semantic information comprises a classification of the second light; collecting, over time, a first vector of geometric information and semantic information generated by the first vehicle signal detector; collecting, over time, a second vector of geometric information and semantic information generated by the second vehicle signal detector; extracting one or more features from a matrix formed from the first vector and the second vector; and determining a semantic meaning of the first light and the second light based on the one or more features. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, controlling the vehicle, based on the semantic meaning of the first light and the second light, wherein the controlling is accelerating, braking, or steering the vehicle. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, by the first vehicle signal detector, comprises:
determining a first location of the first light on the three-dimensional object and a first color of the first light in the first two-dimensional image, wherein the semantic information for the first light is based on the first location and the first color. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first two-dimensional image and the second two-dimensional image are different images from different cameras; and the one or more features extracted from the matrix includes an object identifier of the three-dimensional object and/or a three-dimensional cube of the three-dimensional object. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first two-dimensional image and the second two-dimensional image are the same image; the first vehicle signal detector applies a technique for defecting vehicle lights that is different from a technique applied by the second vehicle signal detector; and determining the semantic meaning comprises applying a voting scheme based on geometric information and semantic information extracted from the first vector and the second vector. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the semantic meaning of the first light and the second light comprises extracting frequency information from the matrix. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
geometric information for the first light comprises a first color of the first light; and geometric information for the second light comprises a second color of the second light. 8. One or more non-transitory, computer-readable media encoded with instructions that, when executed by one or more processing units, perform a method comprising:
determining, by a first vehicle signal detector encoded by the instructions, geometric information and semantic information for a first light of a three-dimensional object within a first two-dimensional image of the three-dimensional object captured by a camera on a vehicle, wherein geometric information for the first light comprises location of the first light on the three-dimensional object, and semantic information comprises a semantic label of the first light generated by a first classifier of the first vehicle signal detector; determining, by a second vehicle signal detector encoded by the instructions, geometric information and semantic information for a second light within a second two-dimensional image, wherein geometric information for the second light comprises location of the second light, and semantic information comprises a semantic label of the second light generated by a second classifier of the second vehicle detector; accumulating, over time, a first vector of geometric information and semantic information determined by the first vehicle signal detector; accumulating, over time, a second vector of geometric information and semantic information determined by the second vehicle signal detector; forming a matrix with at least the first vector and the second vector; and determining a semantic meaning of the first light and the second light based on the matrix. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, the method further comprising:
controlling the vehicle, based on the semantic meaning of the first light and the second light, wherein the controlling is accelerating, braking, or steering the vehicle. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, the method further comprising:
determining a first location of the first light on the three-dimensional object and a first color of the first light in the first two-dimensional image, wherein the semantic information for the first light is based on the first location and the first color. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein:
determining the semantic meaning comprises applying a filter on the matrix. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein:
determining the semantic meaning comprises applying logic rules on the matrix. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein:
determining the semantic meaning comprises applying a supervised or unsupervised learning technique on the matrix. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein:
geometric information for the first light comprises a first color of the first light; and geometric information for the second light comprises a second color of the second light. 15. A vehicle, comprising:
a memory including instructions; a processor to execute the instructions; a body including a camera; and a first vehicle signal detector encoded in the instructions to:
determine geometric information and semantic information for a first light of a three-dimensional object within a first two-dimensional image of the three-dimensional object captured by the camera, wherein geometric information for the first light comprises location of the first light on the three-dimensional object, and semantic information comprises a semantic classification of the first light; and
generate a first vector using geometric information and semantic information collected from the first vehicle signal detector over time;
a second vehicle signal detector encoded in the instructions to:
determine geometric information and semantic information for a second light within a second two-dimensional image, wherein geometric information for the second light comprises location of the second light on the three-dimensional object, and semantic information comprises a semantic classification of the second light; and
generate a second vector using geometric information and semantic information collected from the second vehicle signal detector over time; and
an interpretation module encoded in the instructions to:
extract one or more features from a matrix having the first vector and the second vector; and
determine a semantic meaning of the first light and the second light based on the one or more features. 16. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the semantic meaning is used to control the vehicle, wherein the controlling is accelerating, braking, or steering the vehicle. 17. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the first vehicle signal detector further is to determine a first location of the first light on the three-dimensional object and a first color of the first light in the first two-dimensional image, wherein the semantic information for the first light is based on the first location and the first color. 18-20. (canceled) 21. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the interpretation module determines the semantic meaning by applying a neural network using the one or more features as input. 22. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the interpretation module extracts the one or more features from the matrix by transforming the matrix into the one or more features. 23. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the one or more features includes frequency information. | A vehicle includes one or more cameras that capture a plurality of two-dimensional images of a three-dimensional object. A light detector and/or a semantic classifier search within those images for lights of the three-dimensional object. A vehicle signal detection module fuses information from the light detector and/or the semantic classifier to produce a semantic meaning for the lights. The vehicle can be controlled based on the semantic meaning. Further, the vehicle can include a depth sensor and an object projector. The object projector can determine regions of interest within the two-dimensional images, based on the depth sensor. The light detector and/or the semantic classifier can use these regions of interest to efficiently perform the search for the lights.1. A method, comprising:
generating, by a first vehicle signal detector, geometric information and semantic information for a first light of a three-dimensional object within a first two-dimensional image of the three-dimensional object captured by a camera on a vehicle, wherein geometric information for the first light comprises location of the first light on the three-dimensional object, and semantic information comprises a classification of the first light; generating, by a second vehicle signal detector, geometric information and semantic information for a second light within a second two-dimensional image, wherein geometric information for the second light comprises location of the second light, and semantic information comprises a classification of the second light; collecting, over time, a first vector of geometric information and semantic information generated by the first vehicle signal detector; collecting, over time, a second vector of geometric information and semantic information generated by the second vehicle signal detector; extracting one or more features from a matrix formed from the first vector and the second vector; and determining a semantic meaning of the first light and the second light based on the one or more features. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, controlling the vehicle, based on the semantic meaning of the first light and the second light, wherein the controlling is accelerating, braking, or steering the vehicle. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating, by the first vehicle signal detector, comprises:
determining a first location of the first light on the three-dimensional object and a first color of the first light in the first two-dimensional image, wherein the semantic information for the first light is based on the first location and the first color. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first two-dimensional image and the second two-dimensional image are different images from different cameras; and the one or more features extracted from the matrix includes an object identifier of the three-dimensional object and/or a three-dimensional cube of the three-dimensional object. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the first two-dimensional image and the second two-dimensional image are the same image; the first vehicle signal detector applies a technique for defecting vehicle lights that is different from a technique applied by the second vehicle signal detector; and determining the semantic meaning comprises applying a voting scheme based on geometric information and semantic information extracted from the first vector and the second vector. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the semantic meaning of the first light and the second light comprises extracting frequency information from the matrix. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
geometric information for the first light comprises a first color of the first light; and geometric information for the second light comprises a second color of the second light. 8. One or more non-transitory, computer-readable media encoded with instructions that, when executed by one or more processing units, perform a method comprising:
determining, by a first vehicle signal detector encoded by the instructions, geometric information and semantic information for a first light of a three-dimensional object within a first two-dimensional image of the three-dimensional object captured by a camera on a vehicle, wherein geometric information for the first light comprises location of the first light on the three-dimensional object, and semantic information comprises a semantic label of the first light generated by a first classifier of the first vehicle signal detector; determining, by a second vehicle signal detector encoded by the instructions, geometric information and semantic information for a second light within a second two-dimensional image, wherein geometric information for the second light comprises location of the second light, and semantic information comprises a semantic label of the second light generated by a second classifier of the second vehicle detector; accumulating, over time, a first vector of geometric information and semantic information determined by the first vehicle signal detector; accumulating, over time, a second vector of geometric information and semantic information determined by the second vehicle signal detector; forming a matrix with at least the first vector and the second vector; and determining a semantic meaning of the first light and the second light based on the matrix. 9. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, the method further comprising:
controlling the vehicle, based on the semantic meaning of the first light and the second light, wherein the controlling is accelerating, braking, or steering the vehicle. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, the method further comprising:
determining a first location of the first light on the three-dimensional object and a first color of the first light in the first two-dimensional image, wherein the semantic information for the first light is based on the first location and the first color. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein:
determining the semantic meaning comprises applying a filter on the matrix. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein:
determining the semantic meaning comprises applying logic rules on the matrix. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein:
determining the semantic meaning comprises applying a supervised or unsupervised learning technique on the matrix. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 8, wherein:
geometric information for the first light comprises a first color of the first light; and geometric information for the second light comprises a second color of the second light. 15. A vehicle, comprising:
a memory including instructions; a processor to execute the instructions; a body including a camera; and a first vehicle signal detector encoded in the instructions to:
determine geometric information and semantic information for a first light of a three-dimensional object within a first two-dimensional image of the three-dimensional object captured by the camera, wherein geometric information for the first light comprises location of the first light on the three-dimensional object, and semantic information comprises a semantic classification of the first light; and
generate a first vector using geometric information and semantic information collected from the first vehicle signal detector over time;
a second vehicle signal detector encoded in the instructions to:
determine geometric information and semantic information for a second light within a second two-dimensional image, wherein geometric information for the second light comprises location of the second light on the three-dimensional object, and semantic information comprises a semantic classification of the second light; and
generate a second vector using geometric information and semantic information collected from the second vehicle signal detector over time; and
an interpretation module encoded in the instructions to:
extract one or more features from a matrix having the first vector and the second vector; and
determine a semantic meaning of the first light and the second light based on the one or more features. 16. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the semantic meaning is used to control the vehicle, wherein the controlling is accelerating, braking, or steering the vehicle. 17. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the first vehicle signal detector further is to determine a first location of the first light on the three-dimensional object and a first color of the first light in the first two-dimensional image, wherein the semantic information for the first light is based on the first location and the first color. 18-20. (canceled) 21. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the interpretation module determines the semantic meaning by applying a neural network using the one or more features as input. 22. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the interpretation module extracts the one or more features from the matrix by transforming the matrix into the one or more features. 23. The vehicle of claim 15, wherein the one or more features includes frequency information. | 3,700 |
346,242 | 16,804,647 | 3,754 | Systems and methods for detecting and reducing signal interference affecting wireless communication with a mobile vehicle includes generating an interference signature based on a correlation multiple signal-quality characteristics of a desired target-signal that is received at an antenna assembly attached to the mobile vehicle, and adjusting the orientation of the antenna assembly based on a change or degradation in the interference signature to thereby improve wireless communication with the vehicle. | 1. A method of reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system including a signal source and a mobile vehicle having a coupled antenna assembly, the method comprising:
receiving, via one or more processors coupled to the antenna assembly of the mobile device, a wireless target-signal from the signal source; attaining, via the one or more processors, a first type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal received at an initial orientation of the antenna assembly, the first type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of a signal quality; attaining, via the one or more processors, a second type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal, the second type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of the signal quality, wherein the first and second types of signal-quality characteristics are different types of signal-quality characteristics and each having a different functional dependence on a combination of signal and noise associated with the received wireless target-signal; generating, via the one or more processors, an interference signature including a correlation of the attained first signal-quality characteristic and the second signal-quality characteristic; and associating the generated interference signature with the signal source. 2. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, via the one or more processors, the interference signature in a memory accessible to the mobile device for using in positioning the antenna assembly to reduce and/or avoid degrading effects of interference on the wireless target-signal during subsequent travel of the mobile vehicle. 3. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting, via the one or more processors, the interference signature of the signal source into a satellite network map. 4. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 1, further comprising:
analyzing, via the one or more processors, the generated interference signature to determine a change or degradation in the correlation of the interference signature associated with the signal source; and adjusting, via the one or more processors, the initial orientation of the antenna assembly to another orientation based on the analysis of the interference signature, thereby reducing degradation of the wireless target-signal received at the mobile vehicle. 5. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 1, wherein the antenna assembly includes a receive (RX) aperture and a transmit (TX) aperture, the method further comprising:
initiating, via the one or more processors, a mode of operation of the antenna assembly based on the analysis of the interference signature, wherein the orientation of the receive (RX) aperture is controlled independently of the transmit (TX) aperture. 6. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 1, wherein the first and second signal-quality characteristic types are, respectively, one of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a received signal strength (RSS), a signal-plus-noise-to-noise ratio ((S+N)/N), or a signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SNIR). 7. A system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system including a signal source and a mobile vehicle, the system comprising:
one or more processors coupled to the mobile vehicle; a memory coupled to the one or more processors; an antenna assembly coupled to the one or more processors and attached to the mobile vehicle, the antenna assembly including a particular orientation, a receive (RX) aperture, and a transmit (TX) aperture; and a set of instructions stored on the memory, which when executed by the one or more processors; causes the system to: receive, via the antenna assembly of the mobile device, a wireless target-signal from the signal source; attain a first type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal received at an initial orientation of the antenna assembly, the first type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of a signal quality; attain a second type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal, the second type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of the signal quality, wherein the first and second types of signal-quality characteristics are different types of signal-quality characteristics and each having a different functional dependence on a combination of signal and noise associated with the received wireless target-signal; generate an interference signature including a correlation of the attained first signal-quality characteristic and the second signal-quality characteristic; and associate the generated interference signature with the signal source. 8. The system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system of claim 7, wherein the set of instructions further comprising:
store the interference signature in a memory accessible to the mobile device for using in positioning the antenna assembly to reduce and/or avoid degrading effects on wireless communication with the signal source during subsequent travel of the mobile vehicle. 9. The system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system of claim 7, wherein the set of instructions further comprising:
insert the interference signature of the signal environment into a satellite network map. 10. The system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system of claim 7, wherein the set of instructions further comprising:
analyze the generated interference signature to determine a change or degradation in the correlation of the interference signature; and adjust the initial orientation of the antenna assembly to another orientation based on the analysis of the interference signature, thereby reducing degradation of the wireless target-signal received at the mobile vehicle. 11. The system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system of claim 7, wherein the antenna assembly includes a receive (RX) aperture and a transmit (TX) aperture and the set of instructions further comprising:
initiate a mode of operation of the antenna assembly wherein the orientation of the receive (RX) aperture is controlled independently of the transmit (TX) aperture. 12. The system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system of claim 7, wherein the first and second signal-quality characteristic types are one of, respectively, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a received signal strength (RSS), a signal-plus-noise-to-noise ratio ((S+N)/N), or a signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SNIR). 13. A method of reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system including a signal source and a mobile vehicle having a coupled antenna assembly with an initial orientation, the method comprising:
scanning, via one or more processors coupled to the antenna assembly, the antenna assembly through a plurality of orientations directed toward a signal environment including the signal source; receiving, via the one or more processors coupled to the antenna assembly, a wireless target-signal at each of the plurality of orientations, the wireless target-signal transmitted from a signal source within the signal environment; attaining, via the one or more processors, a first type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal for each of the plurality of scanned orientations, the first type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of a signal quality; attaining, via the one or more processors, a second type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal for each of the plurality of scanned orientations, the second type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of a signal quality, wherein the first and second types of signal-quality characteristics are different types of signal-quality characteristics and each having a different functional dependence on a combination of signal and noise associated with the received wireless target-signal; generating, via the one or more processors, an interference signature based on the first and second types of signal quality characteristics of each of the plurality of scanned orientations; and associating, via the one or more processors, the interference signature with the signal environment. 14. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, further comprising:
storing, via the one or more processors, the interference signature in a memory accessible to the mobile device for using in positioning the antenna assembly to reduce and/or avoid degrading effects on wireless communication with the signal source during subsequent travel of the mobile vehicle. 15. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, further comprising:
inserting, via the one or more processors, the interference signature of the signal environment into a satellite network map. 16. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, further comprising:
analyzing, via the one or more processors, the generated interference signature to determine a change or degradation in the correlation of the interference signature associated with the signal environment; and adjusting, via the one or more processors, the initial orientation of the antenna assembly to another orientation based on the analysis of the interference signature, thereby reducing degradation of the wireless target-signal received at the mobile vehicle. 17. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, wherein the antenna assembly includes a receive (RX) aperture and a transmit (TX) aperture, the method further comprising:
initiating, via the one or more processors, a mode of operation of the antenna assembly wherein the orientation of the receive (RX) aperture is controlled independently of the transmit (TX) aperture; and the scanning the antenna assembly through a plurality of orientations includes independently adjusting the receive (RX) aperture to each of the plurality of orientations without affecting the transmit (TX) aperture. 18. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, wherein the scanning the antenna assembly includes a sequence, pattern, or geometric shape. 19. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 18, wherein the geometric shape includes a triangle, square, circle, arc, line, pentagon, and/or hexagon. 20. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, wherein the first and second signal-quality characteristic types are one, respectively, of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a received signal strength (RSS), a signal-plus-noise-to-noise ratio ((S+N)/N), or a signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SNIR). | Systems and methods for detecting and reducing signal interference affecting wireless communication with a mobile vehicle includes generating an interference signature based on a correlation multiple signal-quality characteristics of a desired target-signal that is received at an antenna assembly attached to the mobile vehicle, and adjusting the orientation of the antenna assembly based on a change or degradation in the interference signature to thereby improve wireless communication with the vehicle.1. A method of reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system including a signal source and a mobile vehicle having a coupled antenna assembly, the method comprising:
receiving, via one or more processors coupled to the antenna assembly of the mobile device, a wireless target-signal from the signal source; attaining, via the one or more processors, a first type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal received at an initial orientation of the antenna assembly, the first type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of a signal quality; attaining, via the one or more processors, a second type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal, the second type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of the signal quality, wherein the first and second types of signal-quality characteristics are different types of signal-quality characteristics and each having a different functional dependence on a combination of signal and noise associated with the received wireless target-signal; generating, via the one or more processors, an interference signature including a correlation of the attained first signal-quality characteristic and the second signal-quality characteristic; and associating the generated interference signature with the signal source. 2. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 1, further comprising:
storing, via the one or more processors, the interference signature in a memory accessible to the mobile device for using in positioning the antenna assembly to reduce and/or avoid degrading effects of interference on the wireless target-signal during subsequent travel of the mobile vehicle. 3. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 1, further comprising:
inserting, via the one or more processors, the interference signature of the signal source into a satellite network map. 4. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 1, further comprising:
analyzing, via the one or more processors, the generated interference signature to determine a change or degradation in the correlation of the interference signature associated with the signal source; and adjusting, via the one or more processors, the initial orientation of the antenna assembly to another orientation based on the analysis of the interference signature, thereby reducing degradation of the wireless target-signal received at the mobile vehicle. 5. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 1, wherein the antenna assembly includes a receive (RX) aperture and a transmit (TX) aperture, the method further comprising:
initiating, via the one or more processors, a mode of operation of the antenna assembly based on the analysis of the interference signature, wherein the orientation of the receive (RX) aperture is controlled independently of the transmit (TX) aperture. 6. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 1, wherein the first and second signal-quality characteristic types are, respectively, one of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a received signal strength (RSS), a signal-plus-noise-to-noise ratio ((S+N)/N), or a signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SNIR). 7. A system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system including a signal source and a mobile vehicle, the system comprising:
one or more processors coupled to the mobile vehicle; a memory coupled to the one or more processors; an antenna assembly coupled to the one or more processors and attached to the mobile vehicle, the antenna assembly including a particular orientation, a receive (RX) aperture, and a transmit (TX) aperture; and a set of instructions stored on the memory, which when executed by the one or more processors; causes the system to: receive, via the antenna assembly of the mobile device, a wireless target-signal from the signal source; attain a first type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal received at an initial orientation of the antenna assembly, the first type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of a signal quality; attain a second type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal, the second type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of the signal quality, wherein the first and second types of signal-quality characteristics are different types of signal-quality characteristics and each having a different functional dependence on a combination of signal and noise associated with the received wireless target-signal; generate an interference signature including a correlation of the attained first signal-quality characteristic and the second signal-quality characteristic; and associate the generated interference signature with the signal source. 8. The system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system of claim 7, wherein the set of instructions further comprising:
store the interference signature in a memory accessible to the mobile device for using in positioning the antenna assembly to reduce and/or avoid degrading effects on wireless communication with the signal source during subsequent travel of the mobile vehicle. 9. The system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system of claim 7, wherein the set of instructions further comprising:
insert the interference signature of the signal environment into a satellite network map. 10. The system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system of claim 7, wherein the set of instructions further comprising:
analyze the generated interference signature to determine a change or degradation in the correlation of the interference signature; and adjust the initial orientation of the antenna assembly to another orientation based on the analysis of the interference signature, thereby reducing degradation of the wireless target-signal received at the mobile vehicle. 11. The system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system of claim 7, wherein the antenna assembly includes a receive (RX) aperture and a transmit (TX) aperture and the set of instructions further comprising:
initiate a mode of operation of the antenna assembly wherein the orientation of the receive (RX) aperture is controlled independently of the transmit (TX) aperture. 12. The system for reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system of claim 7, wherein the first and second signal-quality characteristic types are one of, respectively, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a received signal strength (RSS), a signal-plus-noise-to-noise ratio ((S+N)/N), or a signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SNIR). 13. A method of reducing degradation in wireless communication during normal operation of a communication system including a signal source and a mobile vehicle having a coupled antenna assembly with an initial orientation, the method comprising:
scanning, via one or more processors coupled to the antenna assembly, the antenna assembly through a plurality of orientations directed toward a signal environment including the signal source; receiving, via the one or more processors coupled to the antenna assembly, a wireless target-signal at each of the plurality of orientations, the wireless target-signal transmitted from a signal source within the signal environment; attaining, via the one or more processors, a first type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal for each of the plurality of scanned orientations, the first type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of a signal quality; attaining, via the one or more processors, a second type of signal-quality characteristic of the received wireless target-signal for each of the plurality of scanned orientations, the second type of signal-quality characteristic being indicative of a signal quality, wherein the first and second types of signal-quality characteristics are different types of signal-quality characteristics and each having a different functional dependence on a combination of signal and noise associated with the received wireless target-signal; generating, via the one or more processors, an interference signature based on the first and second types of signal quality characteristics of each of the plurality of scanned orientations; and associating, via the one or more processors, the interference signature with the signal environment. 14. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, further comprising:
storing, via the one or more processors, the interference signature in a memory accessible to the mobile device for using in positioning the antenna assembly to reduce and/or avoid degrading effects on wireless communication with the signal source during subsequent travel of the mobile vehicle. 15. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, further comprising:
inserting, via the one or more processors, the interference signature of the signal environment into a satellite network map. 16. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, further comprising:
analyzing, via the one or more processors, the generated interference signature to determine a change or degradation in the correlation of the interference signature associated with the signal environment; and adjusting, via the one or more processors, the initial orientation of the antenna assembly to another orientation based on the analysis of the interference signature, thereby reducing degradation of the wireless target-signal received at the mobile vehicle. 17. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, wherein the antenna assembly includes a receive (RX) aperture and a transmit (TX) aperture, the method further comprising:
initiating, via the one or more processors, a mode of operation of the antenna assembly wherein the orientation of the receive (RX) aperture is controlled independently of the transmit (TX) aperture; and the scanning the antenna assembly through a plurality of orientations includes independently adjusting the receive (RX) aperture to each of the plurality of orientations without affecting the transmit (TX) aperture. 18. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, wherein the scanning the antenna assembly includes a sequence, pattern, or geometric shape. 19. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 18, wherein the geometric shape includes a triangle, square, circle, arc, line, pentagon, and/or hexagon. 20. The method of reducing degradation in wireless communication of claim 13, wherein the first and second signal-quality characteristic types are one, respectively, of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a received signal strength (RSS), a signal-plus-noise-to-noise ratio ((S+N)/N), or a signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SNIR). | 3,700 |
346,243 | 16,804,674 | 3,754 | An image sensor may include a first shared pixel region and a first isolation layer on a substrate, the first isolation layer defining the first shared pixel region. The first shared pixel region may include photo-sensing devices in sub-pixel regions and a first floating diffusion region connected to the photo-sensing devices. The sub-pixel regions may include a first sub-pixel region and a second sub-pixel region that constitute a first pixel group region. The sub-pixel regions may include a third sub-pixel region and a fourth sub-pixel region that constitute a second pixel group region. The first shared pixel region may include first and second well regions doped with first conductivity type impurities. The second well region may be spaced apart from the first well region. The first pixel group region may share a first well region. The second pixel group region may share the second well region. | 1. An image sensor comprising
a substrate including a first shared pixel region,
the first shared pixel region including a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions,
the first shared pixel region including a first floating diffusion region connected to the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the first shared pixel region,
the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region including a first sub-pixel region and a second sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a first direction and constitute a first pixel group region,
the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region including a third sub-pixel region and a fourth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the first direction and constitute a second pixel group region,
the first shared pixel region includes a first well region doped with first conductivity type impurities and a second well region doped with the first conductivity type impurities,
the second well region is spaced apart from the first well region,
the first pixel group region shares the first well region, and
the second pixel group region shares the second well region; and
a first isolation layer on the substrate, the first isolation layer defining the first shared pixel region. 2. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein
an impurity concentration of the first well region and an impurity concentration of the second well region are lower than an impurity concentration of the plurality of photo-sensing devices in the first shared pixel region. 3. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein
the substrate includes a plurality of shared pixel regions, the plurality of shared pixel regions include the first shared pixel region and a second shared pixel region, the second shared pixel region includes a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the second shared pixel region includes a second floating diffusion region connected to the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the second shared pixel region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the second shared pixel region include a fifth sub-pixel region and a sixth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a second direction and constitute a third pixel group region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the second shared pixel region include a seventh sub-pixel region and an eighth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the second direction and constitute a fourth pixel group region, the second shared pixel region includes a third well region doped with the first conductivity type impurities and a fourth well region doped with the first conductivity type impurities, the fourth well region is spaced apart from the third well region, the third pixel group region shares the third well region doped, and the fourth pixel group region shares the fourth well region spaced apart from the third well region and doped with the first conductivity type impurities. 4. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a second isolation layer between the first sub-pixel region and the second sub-pixel region. 5. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein
the substrate further includes a fifth well region, the fifth well region surrounds the first pixel group region and the second pixel group region, and the fifth well region is doped with second conductivity type impurities. 6. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a first color filter is on each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region. 7. The image sensor of claim 6, further comprising:
a second color filter that is different from the first color filter, wherein the plurality of shared pixel regions further include a third shared pixel region, the third share pixel region includes a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the third shared pixel region is adjacent to the first shared pixel region, the third shared pixel region includes a third floating diffusion region, the photo-sensing devices in the third shared pixel region are connected to the third floating diffusion region, and the second color filter is on each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the third shared pixel region. 8. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a microlens on each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region. 9. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a single microlens on the first shared pixel region. 10. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a first single microlens on the first pixel group region; and a second single microlens on the second pixel group region. 11. An image sensor comprising:
a substrate including a first shared pixel region, the first shared pixel region including a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the first shared pixel region including a first floating diffusion region connected to the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the first shared pixel region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region including a first sub-pixel region and a second sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a first direction and constitute a first pixel group region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region including a third sub-pixel region and a fourth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the first direction and constitute a second pixel group region; a first isolation layer on the substrate, the first isolation layer defining the first shared pixel region; and a second isolation layer on the substrate in the first shared pixel region, each of the first pixel group region and the second pixel group region being defined by a closed curved surface formed by the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer. 12. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein
a width of the first isolation layer is greater than a width of the second isolation layer. 13. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein
a depth of the first isolation layer from one surface of the substrate is greater than a depth of the second isolation layer from the one surface of the substrate. 14. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein
the substrate includes a plurality of shared pixel regions, the plurality of shared pixel regions include the first shared pixel region and a second shared pixel region, the second shared pixel region includes a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the second shared pixel regions includes a second floating diffusion region connected to the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the second shared pixel region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the second shared pixel region include a fifth sub-pixel region and a sixth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a second direction and constitute a third pixel group region, the plurality of sub-pixel region in the second shared pixel region include a seventh sub-pixel region and an eighth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the second direction and constitute a fourth pixel group region, and each of the third pixel group region and the fourth pixel group region are defined by a closed curved surface formed by the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer. 15. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein
the first shared pixel region includes a first well region doped with first conductivity type impurities and a second well region doped with the first conductivity type impurities, the first pixel group region shares the first well region, the second pixel group region shares the second well region, and the second well region is spaced apart from the first well region. 16. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein
the first shared pixel region includes a third well region, the third well region surround the first pixel group region and the second pixel group region, and the third well region is doped with second conductivity type impurities. 17. The image sensor of claim 11, further comprising:
a microlens on each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions included in the first shared pixel region. 18. The image sensor of claim 11, further comprising:
a single microlens on the first shared pixel region. 19. An image sensor comprising:
a substrate including a first shared pixel region,
the first shared pixel region including a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions,
the first shared pixel region including a first floating diffusion region,
the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the first shared pixel region being connected to the first floating diffusion region,
the plurality of sub-pixel regions including a first sub-pixel region and a second sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a first direction and constitute a first pixel group region,
the plurality of sub-pixel regions including a third sub-pixel region and a fourth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the first direction and constitute a second pixel group region,
the substrate including a well region doped with P-type impurities, the well region being formed on a boundary region that surrounds each of a center region of the first pixel group region and a center region of the second pixel group region, and
the well region being spaced apart from the center region of the first pixel group region and the center region of the second pixel group region; and
an isolation layer on the substrate, the isolation layer defining the first shared pixel region. 20. The image sensor of claim 19, wherein
the substrate includes a plurality of shared pixel regions, the plurality of shared pixel regions include the first shared pixel region and a second shared pixel region, the second shared pixel region includes a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the second shared pixel region includes a second floating diffusion region connected to the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the second shared pixel region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the second shared pixel region include a fifth sub-pixel region and a sixth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a second direction and constitute a third pixel group region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the second shared pixel region include a seventh sub-pixel region and an eighth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the second direction and constitute a fourth pixel group region, the substrate includes a well region doped with P-type impurities on a boundary region that surrounds each of a center region of the third pixel group region and a center region of the fourth pixel group region, and the well region is spaced apart from the center region of the third pixel group region and the center region of the fourth pixel group region. | An image sensor may include a first shared pixel region and a first isolation layer on a substrate, the first isolation layer defining the first shared pixel region. The first shared pixel region may include photo-sensing devices in sub-pixel regions and a first floating diffusion region connected to the photo-sensing devices. The sub-pixel regions may include a first sub-pixel region and a second sub-pixel region that constitute a first pixel group region. The sub-pixel regions may include a third sub-pixel region and a fourth sub-pixel region that constitute a second pixel group region. The first shared pixel region may include first and second well regions doped with first conductivity type impurities. The second well region may be spaced apart from the first well region. The first pixel group region may share a first well region. The second pixel group region may share the second well region.1. An image sensor comprising
a substrate including a first shared pixel region,
the first shared pixel region including a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions,
the first shared pixel region including a first floating diffusion region connected to the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the first shared pixel region,
the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region including a first sub-pixel region and a second sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a first direction and constitute a first pixel group region,
the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region including a third sub-pixel region and a fourth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the first direction and constitute a second pixel group region,
the first shared pixel region includes a first well region doped with first conductivity type impurities and a second well region doped with the first conductivity type impurities,
the second well region is spaced apart from the first well region,
the first pixel group region shares the first well region, and
the second pixel group region shares the second well region; and
a first isolation layer on the substrate, the first isolation layer defining the first shared pixel region. 2. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein
an impurity concentration of the first well region and an impurity concentration of the second well region are lower than an impurity concentration of the plurality of photo-sensing devices in the first shared pixel region. 3. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein
the substrate includes a plurality of shared pixel regions, the plurality of shared pixel regions include the first shared pixel region and a second shared pixel region, the second shared pixel region includes a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the second shared pixel region includes a second floating diffusion region connected to the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the second shared pixel region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the second shared pixel region include a fifth sub-pixel region and a sixth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a second direction and constitute a third pixel group region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the second shared pixel region include a seventh sub-pixel region and an eighth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the second direction and constitute a fourth pixel group region, the second shared pixel region includes a third well region doped with the first conductivity type impurities and a fourth well region doped with the first conductivity type impurities, the fourth well region is spaced apart from the third well region, the third pixel group region shares the third well region doped, and the fourth pixel group region shares the fourth well region spaced apart from the third well region and doped with the first conductivity type impurities. 4. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a second isolation layer between the first sub-pixel region and the second sub-pixel region. 5. The image sensor of claim 1, wherein
the substrate further includes a fifth well region, the fifth well region surrounds the first pixel group region and the second pixel group region, and the fifth well region is doped with second conductivity type impurities. 6. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a first color filter is on each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region. 7. The image sensor of claim 6, further comprising:
a second color filter that is different from the first color filter, wherein the plurality of shared pixel regions further include a third shared pixel region, the third share pixel region includes a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the third shared pixel region is adjacent to the first shared pixel region, the third shared pixel region includes a third floating diffusion region, the photo-sensing devices in the third shared pixel region are connected to the third floating diffusion region, and the second color filter is on each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the third shared pixel region. 8. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a microlens on each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region. 9. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a single microlens on the first shared pixel region. 10. The image sensor of claim 1, further comprising:
a first single microlens on the first pixel group region; and a second single microlens on the second pixel group region. 11. An image sensor comprising:
a substrate including a first shared pixel region, the first shared pixel region including a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the first shared pixel region including a first floating diffusion region connected to the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the first shared pixel region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region including a first sub-pixel region and a second sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a first direction and constitute a first pixel group region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the first shared pixel region including a third sub-pixel region and a fourth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the first direction and constitute a second pixel group region; a first isolation layer on the substrate, the first isolation layer defining the first shared pixel region; and a second isolation layer on the substrate in the first shared pixel region, each of the first pixel group region and the second pixel group region being defined by a closed curved surface formed by the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer. 12. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein
a width of the first isolation layer is greater than a width of the second isolation layer. 13. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein
a depth of the first isolation layer from one surface of the substrate is greater than a depth of the second isolation layer from the one surface of the substrate. 14. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein
the substrate includes a plurality of shared pixel regions, the plurality of shared pixel regions include the first shared pixel region and a second shared pixel region, the second shared pixel region includes a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the second shared pixel regions includes a second floating diffusion region connected to the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the second shared pixel region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the second shared pixel region include a fifth sub-pixel region and a sixth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a second direction and constitute a third pixel group region, the plurality of sub-pixel region in the second shared pixel region include a seventh sub-pixel region and an eighth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the second direction and constitute a fourth pixel group region, and each of the third pixel group region and the fourth pixel group region are defined by a closed curved surface formed by the first isolation layer and the second isolation layer. 15. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein
the first shared pixel region includes a first well region doped with first conductivity type impurities and a second well region doped with the first conductivity type impurities, the first pixel group region shares the first well region, the second pixel group region shares the second well region, and the second well region is spaced apart from the first well region. 16. The image sensor of claim 11, wherein
the first shared pixel region includes a third well region, the third well region surround the first pixel group region and the second pixel group region, and the third well region is doped with second conductivity type impurities. 17. The image sensor of claim 11, further comprising:
a microlens on each of the plurality of sub-pixel regions included in the first shared pixel region. 18. The image sensor of claim 11, further comprising:
a single microlens on the first shared pixel region. 19. An image sensor comprising:
a substrate including a first shared pixel region,
the first shared pixel region including a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions,
the first shared pixel region including a first floating diffusion region,
the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the first shared pixel region being connected to the first floating diffusion region,
the plurality of sub-pixel regions including a first sub-pixel region and a second sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a first direction and constitute a first pixel group region,
the plurality of sub-pixel regions including a third sub-pixel region and a fourth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the first direction and constitute a second pixel group region,
the substrate including a well region doped with P-type impurities, the well region being formed on a boundary region that surrounds each of a center region of the first pixel group region and a center region of the second pixel group region, and
the well region being spaced apart from the center region of the first pixel group region and the center region of the second pixel group region; and
an isolation layer on the substrate, the isolation layer defining the first shared pixel region. 20. The image sensor of claim 19, wherein
the substrate includes a plurality of shared pixel regions, the plurality of shared pixel regions include the first shared pixel region and a second shared pixel region, the second shared pixel region includes a plurality of photo-sensing devices in a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the second shared pixel region includes a second floating diffusion region connected to the plurality of photo-sensing devices included in the second shared pixel region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the second shared pixel region include a fifth sub-pixel region and a sixth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in a second direction and constitute a third pixel group region, the plurality of sub-pixel regions in the second shared pixel region include a seventh sub-pixel region and an eighth sub-pixel region that are arranged side by side in the second direction and constitute a fourth pixel group region, the substrate includes a well region doped with P-type impurities on a boundary region that surrounds each of a center region of the third pixel group region and a center region of the fourth pixel group region, and the well region is spaced apart from the center region of the third pixel group region and the center region of the fourth pixel group region. | 3,700 |
346,244 | 16,804,662 | 3,754 | In one general aspect, an apparatus can include a semiconductor die, a substrate, and a leadframe coupled to the substrate and defining an opening. The apparatus can include a one-body clip having a first portion disposed within the opening and coupled to the semiconductor die. The one-body clip can have a second portion disposed within the same opening and coupled to the substrate. | 1. An apparatus, comprising:
a semiconductor die; a substrate; a leadframe coupled to the substrate and defining an opening; and a one-body clip having a first portion disposed within the opening and coupled to the semiconductor die, the one-body clip having a second portion disposed within the same opening and coupled to the substrate. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the leadframe defines at least a portion of a power terminal. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the semiconductor die is located within the opening of the leadframe and separated from the leadframe defining the at least the portion of the power terminal. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the opening of the leadframe surrounds at least a portion of the first portion of the one-body clip. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor die has an outer profile smaller than and disposed within a shape of the opening of the leadframe. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a portion of the leadframe is cut from the leadframe to define the one-body clip. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one-body clip has a recess disposed between the first portion and the second portion. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the leadframe defines a recess, the leadframe is not contacted on both sides of the recess to the substrate. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one-body clip defines a recess having a profile different from a profile of a recess defined by the leadframe. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate includes a dielectric layer disposed between a first metal layer and a second metal layer, the leadframe being coupled to the metal layer. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor die is a first semiconductor die,
the apparatus further comprising a second semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die being disposed between a portion of the leadframe and the substrate. the first portion of the one-body clip is aligned within a same plane as the portion of the leadframe. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a molding layer encapsulating the semiconductor die. 13. An apparatus, comprising:
a first semiconductor die; a second semiconductor die; a substrate; a leadframe having a portion coupled to the substrate and to the second semiconductor die; and a one-body clip coupled to the first semiconductor die and the substrate through an opening in the leadframe such that a first portion of the one-body clip coupled to the first semiconductor die is disposed in a first portion of the opening and a second portion of the one-body clip coupled to the substrate is disposed in a second portion of the opening. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the leadframe defines at least a portion of a power terminal. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first and second portions of the one-body clip are insulated from the leadframe and separated from the leadframe by the opening. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first semiconductor die coupled to a bottom side of the first portion of the one-body clip, the second semiconductor die is coupled to a bottom side of the portion of the leadframe. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the substrate includes a dielectric layer disposed between a first metal layer and a second metal layer. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the substrate includes a dielectric layer encapsulated within a molding layer. 19. An apparatus, comprising:
a semiconductor die; a substrate; a leadframe coupled to the substrate, the leadframe including an opening; and a one-body clip having a first portion, a second portion, and a recess disposed between the first portion and the second portion, the first portion of the one-body clip being disposed within the opening and coupled to the semiconductor die, the one-body clip having a second portion disposed within the opening and coupled to the substrate. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the leadframe defines a recess, the recess of the one-body clip has a profile different from a profile of the recess defined by the leadframe. | In one general aspect, an apparatus can include a semiconductor die, a substrate, and a leadframe coupled to the substrate and defining an opening. The apparatus can include a one-body clip having a first portion disposed within the opening and coupled to the semiconductor die. The one-body clip can have a second portion disposed within the same opening and coupled to the substrate.1. An apparatus, comprising:
a semiconductor die; a substrate; a leadframe coupled to the substrate and defining an opening; and a one-body clip having a first portion disposed within the opening and coupled to the semiconductor die, the one-body clip having a second portion disposed within the same opening and coupled to the substrate. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the leadframe defines at least a portion of a power terminal. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the semiconductor die is located within the opening of the leadframe and separated from the leadframe defining the at least the portion of the power terminal. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the opening of the leadframe surrounds at least a portion of the first portion of the one-body clip. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor die has an outer profile smaller than and disposed within a shape of the opening of the leadframe. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a portion of the leadframe is cut from the leadframe to define the one-body clip. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one-body clip has a recess disposed between the first portion and the second portion. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the leadframe defines a recess, the leadframe is not contacted on both sides of the recess to the substrate. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one-body clip defines a recess having a profile different from a profile of a recess defined by the leadframe. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate includes a dielectric layer disposed between a first metal layer and a second metal layer, the leadframe being coupled to the metal layer. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor die is a first semiconductor die,
the apparatus further comprising a second semiconductor die, the second semiconductor die being disposed between a portion of the leadframe and the substrate. the first portion of the one-body clip is aligned within a same plane as the portion of the leadframe. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a molding layer encapsulating the semiconductor die. 13. An apparatus, comprising:
a first semiconductor die; a second semiconductor die; a substrate; a leadframe having a portion coupled to the substrate and to the second semiconductor die; and a one-body clip coupled to the first semiconductor die and the substrate through an opening in the leadframe such that a first portion of the one-body clip coupled to the first semiconductor die is disposed in a first portion of the opening and a second portion of the one-body clip coupled to the substrate is disposed in a second portion of the opening. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the leadframe defines at least a portion of a power terminal. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first and second portions of the one-body clip are insulated from the leadframe and separated from the leadframe by the opening. 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first semiconductor die coupled to a bottom side of the first portion of the one-body clip, the second semiconductor die is coupled to a bottom side of the portion of the leadframe. 17. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the substrate includes a dielectric layer disposed between a first metal layer and a second metal layer. 18. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the substrate includes a dielectric layer encapsulated within a molding layer. 19. An apparatus, comprising:
a semiconductor die; a substrate; a leadframe coupled to the substrate, the leadframe including an opening; and a one-body clip having a first portion, a second portion, and a recess disposed between the first portion and the second portion, the first portion of the one-body clip being disposed within the opening and coupled to the semiconductor die, the one-body clip having a second portion disposed within the opening and coupled to the substrate. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the leadframe defines a recess, the recess of the one-body clip has a profile different from a profile of the recess defined by the leadframe. | 3,700 |
346,245 | 16,804,673 | 3,754 | The implant apparatus for spinal surgery includes a shaft having a predetermined length, with a screw for the spinal surgery being fastened to one end of the shaft, a sleeve fixedly surrounding an outer surface of the shaft, a straight handle and a clamping handle fastened to an outer circumference of the sleeve, a shaft locking part coupled to the clamping handle to lock the shaft, and a connector including an assembly member that is detachably coupled to the other end of the shaft and is assembled with a separate grip part while accommodating the other end of the shaft, and a housing connected to the assembly member and having a shaft coupling space therein to fix or release the inserted shaft. | 1. An implant apparatus for spinal surgery, comprising:
a shaft having a predetermined length, with a screw for the spinal surgery being fastened to one end of the shaft; a sleeve fixedly surrounding an outer surface of the shaft; a straight handle and a clamping handle fastened to an outer circumference of the sleeve; a shaft locking part coupled to the clamping handle to lock the shaft; and a connector comprising an assembly member that is detachably coupled to the other end of the shaft and is assembled with a separate grip part while accommodating the other end of the shaft, and a housing connected to the assembly member and having a shaft coupling space therein to fix or release the inserted shaft. 2. The implant apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shaft locking part is disposed to be movable on the shaft, and the shaft locking part engages with the clamping handle to allow the shaft to rotate only in one direction. 3. The implant apparatus of claim 1, wherein an assembly groove is formed on an outer circumference of the assembly member of the connector so that the separate grip part is assembled therewith. 4. The implant apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connector comprises a locker that is installed in the housing to be movable through a compression coil spring and locks the shaft inserted into the housing. 5. The implant apparatus of claim 4, wherein the locker comprises a locking hole formed to lock or unlock the shaft. 6. The implant apparatus of claim 5, wherein an elongated hole is formed in a portion adjacent to the locking hole of the locker, so that the locker is assembled with the housing by inserting a pin into the elongated hole. 7. The implant apparatus of claim 6, wherein the locker is fastened to the pin to be movable along the elongated hole. | The implant apparatus for spinal surgery includes a shaft having a predetermined length, with a screw for the spinal surgery being fastened to one end of the shaft, a sleeve fixedly surrounding an outer surface of the shaft, a straight handle and a clamping handle fastened to an outer circumference of the sleeve, a shaft locking part coupled to the clamping handle to lock the shaft, and a connector including an assembly member that is detachably coupled to the other end of the shaft and is assembled with a separate grip part while accommodating the other end of the shaft, and a housing connected to the assembly member and having a shaft coupling space therein to fix or release the inserted shaft.1. An implant apparatus for spinal surgery, comprising:
a shaft having a predetermined length, with a screw for the spinal surgery being fastened to one end of the shaft; a sleeve fixedly surrounding an outer surface of the shaft; a straight handle and a clamping handle fastened to an outer circumference of the sleeve; a shaft locking part coupled to the clamping handle to lock the shaft; and a connector comprising an assembly member that is detachably coupled to the other end of the shaft and is assembled with a separate grip part while accommodating the other end of the shaft, and a housing connected to the assembly member and having a shaft coupling space therein to fix or release the inserted shaft. 2. The implant apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shaft locking part is disposed to be movable on the shaft, and the shaft locking part engages with the clamping handle to allow the shaft to rotate only in one direction. 3. The implant apparatus of claim 1, wherein an assembly groove is formed on an outer circumference of the assembly member of the connector so that the separate grip part is assembled therewith. 4. The implant apparatus of claim 1, wherein the connector comprises a locker that is installed in the housing to be movable through a compression coil spring and locks the shaft inserted into the housing. 5. The implant apparatus of claim 4, wherein the locker comprises a locking hole formed to lock or unlock the shaft. 6. The implant apparatus of claim 5, wherein an elongated hole is formed in a portion adjacent to the locking hole of the locker, so that the locker is assembled with the housing by inserting a pin into the elongated hole. 7. The implant apparatus of claim 6, wherein the locker is fastened to the pin to be movable along the elongated hole. | 3,700 |
346,246 | 16,804,668 | 2,668 | A method and device for automatically increasing the spectral bandwidth of an audio signal including generating a “mapping” (or “prediction”) matrix based on the analysis of a reference wideband signal and a reference narrowband signal, the mapping matrix being a transformation matrix to predict high frequency energy from a low frequency energy envelope, generating an energy envelope analysis of an input narrowband audio signal, generating a resynthesized noise signal by processing a random noise signal with the mapping matrix and the envelope analysis, high-pass filtering the resynthesized noise signal, and summing the high-pass filtered resynthesized noise signal with the original an input narrowband audio signal. Other embodiments are disclosed. | 1. An earpiece, comprising:
a speaker; an ear canal microphone; a memory that stores instructions; and a logic circuit that executes the instructions to perform operations, the operations comprising:
measuring internal sound received from the ear canal microphone;
selecting a time segment of the measured internal sound;
converting the time segment into spectral components;
evaluating the spectral components to determine if a user is speaking;
generating a prediction matrix based on an analysis of a reference signal if it is determined that a user is speaking; and
modifying the spectral components using the prediction matrix to form an audio signal so that the audio signal has increased spectral power in spectral components above a target frequency. 2. An earpiece according to claim 1, further including:
an ambient microphone, and where the target frequency is 3.5 kHz. 3. An earpiece according to claim 2, further including the operations of:
analyzing the audio signal to determine a voice command; and initiating an action in response to the voice command. 4. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to create an audio content wish list. 5. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is perform at least one of the following actions with respect to an audio content list stored in the memory, purchase a song in the audio content list, delete a song from the audio content list, skip to the next song in the audio content list, add a song to the audio content list, and delete the audio content list. 6. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to search the internet. 7. An earpiece according to claim 6, where the internet search results are received via a text to speech analyzer resulting in an audio result and the user receives the audio result. 8. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to play audio from the internet. 9. An earpiece according to claim 8, where a second voice command is to scan audio from the internet. 10. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to play audio from a radio station. 11. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to search for a particular stock value. 12. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to link to a user's investment account. 13. An earpiece according to claim 12, where a second voice command is to search for a particular stock value. 14. An earpiece according to claim 13, where a third voice command is to buy the particular stock. 15. An earpiece according to claim 13, where a third voice command is to sell the particular stock. 16. The earpiece according to claim 3 including a second ambient sound microphone. 17. The earpiece according to claim 16, further including a sealing section. 18. An earpiece according to claim 17, further including the operations of:
measuring the sound pressure level using the ear canal microphone. 19. An earpiece according to claim 18, further including the operations of:
calculating the sound pressure level dosage of a user using the measured sound pressure level. | A method and device for automatically increasing the spectral bandwidth of an audio signal including generating a “mapping” (or “prediction”) matrix based on the analysis of a reference wideband signal and a reference narrowband signal, the mapping matrix being a transformation matrix to predict high frequency energy from a low frequency energy envelope, generating an energy envelope analysis of an input narrowband audio signal, generating a resynthesized noise signal by processing a random noise signal with the mapping matrix and the envelope analysis, high-pass filtering the resynthesized noise signal, and summing the high-pass filtered resynthesized noise signal with the original an input narrowband audio signal. Other embodiments are disclosed.1. An earpiece, comprising:
a speaker; an ear canal microphone; a memory that stores instructions; and a logic circuit that executes the instructions to perform operations, the operations comprising:
measuring internal sound received from the ear canal microphone;
selecting a time segment of the measured internal sound;
converting the time segment into spectral components;
evaluating the spectral components to determine if a user is speaking;
generating a prediction matrix based on an analysis of a reference signal if it is determined that a user is speaking; and
modifying the spectral components using the prediction matrix to form an audio signal so that the audio signal has increased spectral power in spectral components above a target frequency. 2. An earpiece according to claim 1, further including:
an ambient microphone, and where the target frequency is 3.5 kHz. 3. An earpiece according to claim 2, further including the operations of:
analyzing the audio signal to determine a voice command; and initiating an action in response to the voice command. 4. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to create an audio content wish list. 5. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is perform at least one of the following actions with respect to an audio content list stored in the memory, purchase a song in the audio content list, delete a song from the audio content list, skip to the next song in the audio content list, add a song to the audio content list, and delete the audio content list. 6. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to search the internet. 7. An earpiece according to claim 6, where the internet search results are received via a text to speech analyzer resulting in an audio result and the user receives the audio result. 8. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to play audio from the internet. 9. An earpiece according to claim 8, where a second voice command is to scan audio from the internet. 10. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to play audio from a radio station. 11. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to search for a particular stock value. 12. An earpiece according to claim 3, where the voice command is to link to a user's investment account. 13. An earpiece according to claim 12, where a second voice command is to search for a particular stock value. 14. An earpiece according to claim 13, where a third voice command is to buy the particular stock. 15. An earpiece according to claim 13, where a third voice command is to sell the particular stock. 16. The earpiece according to claim 3 including a second ambient sound microphone. 17. The earpiece according to claim 16, further including a sealing section. 18. An earpiece according to claim 17, further including the operations of:
measuring the sound pressure level using the ear canal microphone. 19. An earpiece according to claim 18, further including the operations of:
calculating the sound pressure level dosage of a user using the measured sound pressure level. | 2,600 |
346,247 | 16,804,670 | 2,668 | In a method for controlling a magnetic resonance imaging system as part of functional magnetic resonance imaging, a main magnetic field B0 is provided having a field strength of at most 1.4 tesla at a main field magnet system (4) of the magnetic resonance imaging system (1); and a measurement is performed as part of functional magnetic resonance imaging, wherein a measurement sequence (MS) is applied that has a longer echo time TE (e.g. longer than 100 ms). | 1. A method for controlling a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system for functional magnetic resonance imaging, comprising:
providing, by a magnet generator, a main magnetic field having a field strength of at most 1.4 T at a main field magnet system of the magnetic resonance imaging system; and performing, by a measurement controller, a measurement as part of functional magnetic resonance imaging, wherein a measurement sequence is applied that has an increased echo time. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the generated main magnetic field has a field strength of at most 1 T and greater than 0.3 T. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measurement sequence applied has an echo time longer than 100 ms and shorter than 500 ms. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the echo time is set based on the field strength of the main magnetic field. 5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the echo time is set based on the following equations:
TE=A/B0, where the echo time is TE, the main magnetic field is B0, and A is between 50 ms·T and 100 ms·T. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measurement is configured to measure a T2 contrast or a T2* contrast. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measurement is performed by a balanced steady-state free precession sequence using an increased flip angle, wherein a Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect is measured dynamically by the balanced steady-state free precession sequence in combination with T2 preparatory pulses. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in comparison with a measurement using a main magnetic field of 1.5 T:
a number of readout gradients, phase-encoding gradients, and/or slice-selection gradients are applied at a reduced strength, the strength of the gradients concerned equals less than half their strength for a measurement using a main magnetic field of 1.5 T, and/or the ramp time of the number of readout gradients, phase-encoding gradients, and/or slice-selection gradients is increased by 50%. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an active or passive implant is introduced into a head of the patient before the measurement. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the active or passive implant, is a deep brain stimulator. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence is applied during the measurement. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the EPI sequence is a single-shot gradient echo EPI sequence. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a Fast low angle shot magnetic resonance imaging (FLASH)/spoiled gradient echo readout takes place during the measurement. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the FLASH/spoiled gradient echo readout is combined analogously with a T2 Prep pulse. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with an executable program stored thereon, that when executed, instructs the processor to perform the method of claim 1. 16. A computer program product having a computer program which is directly loadable into a memory of a controller of the MRI system, when executed by the controller, causes the MRI system to perform the method as claimed in claim 1. 17. A device for controlling a magnetic resonance imaging system as part of functional magnetic resonance imaging, comprising:
a magnetic-field generator configured to provide a main magnetic field having a field strength of at most 1.4 T at a main field magnet system of the magnetic resonance imaging system; and a measurement controller configured to perform a measurement as part of the functional magnetic resonance imaging, wherein a measurement sequence is applied that has an increased echo time. 18. The device as claimed in claim 17, wherein the echo time is longer than 100 ms. 19. A controller for controlling the magnetic resonance imaging system, comprising the device as claimed in claim 17. 20. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system comprising:
a MRI scanner, and a controller including the device of claim 17 that is configured to control the MRI scanner. | In a method for controlling a magnetic resonance imaging system as part of functional magnetic resonance imaging, a main magnetic field B0 is provided having a field strength of at most 1.4 tesla at a main field magnet system (4) of the magnetic resonance imaging system (1); and a measurement is performed as part of functional magnetic resonance imaging, wherein a measurement sequence (MS) is applied that has a longer echo time TE (e.g. longer than 100 ms).1. A method for controlling a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system for functional magnetic resonance imaging, comprising:
providing, by a magnet generator, a main magnetic field having a field strength of at most 1.4 T at a main field magnet system of the magnetic resonance imaging system; and performing, by a measurement controller, a measurement as part of functional magnetic resonance imaging, wherein a measurement sequence is applied that has an increased echo time. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the generated main magnetic field has a field strength of at most 1 T and greater than 0.3 T. 3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measurement sequence applied has an echo time longer than 100 ms and shorter than 500 ms. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the echo time is set based on the field strength of the main magnetic field. 5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the echo time is set based on the following equations:
TE=A/B0, where the echo time is TE, the main magnetic field is B0, and A is between 50 ms·T and 100 ms·T. 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measurement is configured to measure a T2 contrast or a T2* contrast. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measurement is performed by a balanced steady-state free precession sequence using an increased flip angle, wherein a Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect is measured dynamically by the balanced steady-state free precession sequence in combination with T2 preparatory pulses. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in comparison with a measurement using a main magnetic field of 1.5 T:
a number of readout gradients, phase-encoding gradients, and/or slice-selection gradients are applied at a reduced strength, the strength of the gradients concerned equals less than half their strength for a measurement using a main magnetic field of 1.5 T, and/or the ramp time of the number of readout gradients, phase-encoding gradients, and/or slice-selection gradients is increased by 50%. 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an active or passive implant is introduced into a head of the patient before the measurement. 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the active or passive implant, is a deep brain stimulator. 11. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence is applied during the measurement. 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein the EPI sequence is a single-shot gradient echo EPI sequence. 13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a Fast low angle shot magnetic resonance imaging (FLASH)/spoiled gradient echo readout takes place during the measurement. 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the FLASH/spoiled gradient echo readout is combined analogously with a T2 Prep pulse. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium with an executable program stored thereon, that when executed, instructs the processor to perform the method of claim 1. 16. A computer program product having a computer program which is directly loadable into a memory of a controller of the MRI system, when executed by the controller, causes the MRI system to perform the method as claimed in claim 1. 17. A device for controlling a magnetic resonance imaging system as part of functional magnetic resonance imaging, comprising:
a magnetic-field generator configured to provide a main magnetic field having a field strength of at most 1.4 T at a main field magnet system of the magnetic resonance imaging system; and a measurement controller configured to perform a measurement as part of the functional magnetic resonance imaging, wherein a measurement sequence is applied that has an increased echo time. 18. The device as claimed in claim 17, wherein the echo time is longer than 100 ms. 19. A controller for controlling the magnetic resonance imaging system, comprising the device as claimed in claim 17. 20. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system comprising:
a MRI scanner, and a controller including the device of claim 17 that is configured to control the MRI scanner. | 2,600 |
346,248 | 16,804,671 | 2,668 | A method for forming a transfer gate includes (i) forming a dielectric pillar on a surface of a semiconductor substrate and (ii) growing an epitaxial layer on the semiconductor substrate and surrounding the dielectric pillar. The dielectric pillar has a pillar height that exceeds an epitaxial-layer height of the epitaxial layer relative to the surface. The method also includes removing the dielectric pillar to yield a trench in the epitaxial layer. A pixel includes a doped semiconductor substrate having a front surface opposite a back surface. The front surface forms a trench extending a depth zT with respect to the front surface within the doped semiconductor substrate along a direction z perpendicular to the front surface and the back surface. The pixel has a dopant concentration profile, a derivative thereof with respect to direction z being discontinuous at depth zT. | 1. A method for forming a transfer gate comprising:
forming a dielectric pillar on a surface of a semiconductor substrate; growing an epitaxial layer on the semiconductor substrate and surrounding the dielectric pillar, the dielectric pillar having a pillar height that exceeds an epitaxial-layer height of the epitaxial layer relative to the surface; and removing the dielectric pillar to yield a trench in the epitaxial layer. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after removing the dielectric pillar, filling the trench with a conductive material. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising, after removing the dielectric pillar, lining the trench with a gate-dielectric layer. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before growing the epitaxial layer:
implanting a first doped region in the semiconductor substrate. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising implanting a second doped region in (i) the semiconductor substrate and (ii) the epitaxial layer adjacent to the trench. 6. The method of claim 4, removing the dielectric pillar to form the trench comprising:
forming the trench that extends a depth zT with respect to a front surface of the semiconductor substrate along a direction z perpendicular to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate; wherein the implanted first doped region and the second doped region have a dopant concentration profile, a derivative of dopant concentration profile, with respect to the direction z being discontinuous at depth zT. 7. The method of claim 1, forming the dielectric pillar comprising:
forming a dielectric layer on the semiconductor substrate; patterning the dielectric layer; and etching the patterned dielectric layer to form the dielectric pillar. 8. The method of claim 7, forming the dielectric layer comprising depositing a dielectric material on the semiconductor substrate until a thickness of the dielectric material is between 0.3 and 0.6 micrometers. 9. The method of claim 7, forming the dielectric pillar further comprising:
depositing an etch-stop layer on the semiconductor substrate before forming the dielectric layer. 10. The method of claim 9, forming the trench comprising removing a region of the etch-stop layer between the dielectric pillar and the semiconductor substrate. 11. The method of claim 9, the etch stop layer having an etch rate less than an etch rate of the dielectric layer. 12. The method of claim 1, the dielectric pillar having a pillar height, and growing the epitaxial layer comprising:
epitaxially growing the epitaxial layer until the pillar height exceeds the epitaxial-layer height by between twenty and fifty nanometers. 13. The method of claim 1, forming the trench comprising wet etching the dielectric pillar. 14. A pixel comprising:
a doped semiconductor substrate having a front surface opposite a back surface, the front surface forming a trench extending a depth zT with respect to the front surface within the doped semiconductor substrate along a direction z perpendicular to the front surface and the back surface, and having a dopant concentration profile, a derivative of the dopant concentration profile with respect to the direction z being discontinuous at the depth zT. 15. The pixel of claim 14, the trench having a gate-dielectric layer lining the trench and a conductive material filling the trench forming a gate electrode for a transistor. 16. The pixel of claim 14, wherein the dopant concentration profile is associated with a photodiode region of a photodiode formed in adjacent to the trench and the photodiode region is located at a distance from the front surface. 17. The pixel of claim 16, wherein the photodiode region further comprises a top photodiode section and a bottom photodiode section adjoining the top photodiode section, the bottom photodiode section extending away from the front surface and configured to accumulate photogenerated charge of the photodiode in response to incident illumination, wherein the bottom photodiode section is disposed at a depth greater than the depth zT. 18. The pixel of claim 17, wherein at least a portion of the gate electrode of the transistor is formed on the front surface above the photodiode region. 19. The pixel of claim 17, further comprising:
a floating diffusion region disposed adjacent to the trench; wherein the transistor is a transfer transistor coupled to the photodiode and the floating diffusion region and selectively transfer photogenerated charges from the photodiode in response to the incident illumination to the floating diffusion region. | A method for forming a transfer gate includes (i) forming a dielectric pillar on a surface of a semiconductor substrate and (ii) growing an epitaxial layer on the semiconductor substrate and surrounding the dielectric pillar. The dielectric pillar has a pillar height that exceeds an epitaxial-layer height of the epitaxial layer relative to the surface. The method also includes removing the dielectric pillar to yield a trench in the epitaxial layer. A pixel includes a doped semiconductor substrate having a front surface opposite a back surface. The front surface forms a trench extending a depth zT with respect to the front surface within the doped semiconductor substrate along a direction z perpendicular to the front surface and the back surface. The pixel has a dopant concentration profile, a derivative thereof with respect to direction z being discontinuous at depth zT.1. A method for forming a transfer gate comprising:
forming a dielectric pillar on a surface of a semiconductor substrate; growing an epitaxial layer on the semiconductor substrate and surrounding the dielectric pillar, the dielectric pillar having a pillar height that exceeds an epitaxial-layer height of the epitaxial layer relative to the surface; and removing the dielectric pillar to yield a trench in the epitaxial layer. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after removing the dielectric pillar, filling the trench with a conductive material. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising, after removing the dielectric pillar, lining the trench with a gate-dielectric layer. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before growing the epitaxial layer:
implanting a first doped region in the semiconductor substrate. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising implanting a second doped region in (i) the semiconductor substrate and (ii) the epitaxial layer adjacent to the trench. 6. The method of claim 4, removing the dielectric pillar to form the trench comprising:
forming the trench that extends a depth zT with respect to a front surface of the semiconductor substrate along a direction z perpendicular to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate; wherein the implanted first doped region and the second doped region have a dopant concentration profile, a derivative of dopant concentration profile, with respect to the direction z being discontinuous at depth zT. 7. The method of claim 1, forming the dielectric pillar comprising:
forming a dielectric layer on the semiconductor substrate; patterning the dielectric layer; and etching the patterned dielectric layer to form the dielectric pillar. 8. The method of claim 7, forming the dielectric layer comprising depositing a dielectric material on the semiconductor substrate until a thickness of the dielectric material is between 0.3 and 0.6 micrometers. 9. The method of claim 7, forming the dielectric pillar further comprising:
depositing an etch-stop layer on the semiconductor substrate before forming the dielectric layer. 10. The method of claim 9, forming the trench comprising removing a region of the etch-stop layer between the dielectric pillar and the semiconductor substrate. 11. The method of claim 9, the etch stop layer having an etch rate less than an etch rate of the dielectric layer. 12. The method of claim 1, the dielectric pillar having a pillar height, and growing the epitaxial layer comprising:
epitaxially growing the epitaxial layer until the pillar height exceeds the epitaxial-layer height by between twenty and fifty nanometers. 13. The method of claim 1, forming the trench comprising wet etching the dielectric pillar. 14. A pixel comprising:
a doped semiconductor substrate having a front surface opposite a back surface, the front surface forming a trench extending a depth zT with respect to the front surface within the doped semiconductor substrate along a direction z perpendicular to the front surface and the back surface, and having a dopant concentration profile, a derivative of the dopant concentration profile with respect to the direction z being discontinuous at the depth zT. 15. The pixel of claim 14, the trench having a gate-dielectric layer lining the trench and a conductive material filling the trench forming a gate electrode for a transistor. 16. The pixel of claim 14, wherein the dopant concentration profile is associated with a photodiode region of a photodiode formed in adjacent to the trench and the photodiode region is located at a distance from the front surface. 17. The pixel of claim 16, wherein the photodiode region further comprises a top photodiode section and a bottom photodiode section adjoining the top photodiode section, the bottom photodiode section extending away from the front surface and configured to accumulate photogenerated charge of the photodiode in response to incident illumination, wherein the bottom photodiode section is disposed at a depth greater than the depth zT. 18. The pixel of claim 17, wherein at least a portion of the gate electrode of the transistor is formed on the front surface above the photodiode region. 19. The pixel of claim 17, further comprising:
a floating diffusion region disposed adjacent to the trench; wherein the transistor is a transfer transistor coupled to the photodiode and the floating diffusion region and selectively transfer photogenerated charges from the photodiode in response to the incident illumination to the floating diffusion region. | 2,600 |
346,249 | 16,804,722 | 3,735 | A lunch bag has a cuboid main housing having an internal compartment and a handle. The lunch bag further comprises a wipe compartment formed on one of the side faces, the wipe compartment adapted to receive the pack of wet wipes into a wipe receiving space. The wipe compartment includes an insertion slot adapted to allow the wet wipes into the wipe receiving space, and further has a wipe access opening being large enough to enable access to the wet wipes, but small enough to prevent the wet wipes from falling out of the wipe receiving space. A cover flap is attached to the cuboid main housing, and extends to cover the insertion slot. | 1. A lunch bag adapted to contain a pack of wet wipes, the lunch bag comprising:
a main housing forming an internal compartment; an access opening for accessing the internal compartment; a cover face for removably covering the access opening; a wipe compartment formed on the main body, the wipe compartment being adapted to receive the pack of wet wipes into a wipe receiving space defined between the wipe compartment and the main body, the wipe compartment including an insertion slot adapted to allow the pack of wet wipes into the wipe receiving space; a wipe access opening through the wipe compartment, the wipe access opening being large enough to enable access to the wet wipes, but small enough to prevent the wet wipes from falling out of the wipe receiving space; and a cover flap attached to the main housing and extending to cover the insertion slot. 2. A lunch bag adapted to contain a pack of wet wipes, the lunch bag comprising:
a cuboid main housing having a first face and a second face connected by a bottom face opposite a top face, and two side faces, to form an internal compartment within the cuboid main housing; an access opening through the first face for accessing the internal compartment; a cover face for covering the access opening, the cover face being removably attached to the cuboid main housing with a fastener; a handle attached to the top face for carrying the lunch bag; a wipe compartment formed on one of the two side faces of the cuboid main body, the wipe compartment being adapted to receive the pack of wet wipes into a wipe receiving space defined between the wipe compartment and the side face of the cuboid main body, the wipe compartment including an insertion slot adapted to allow the pack of wet wipes into the wipe receiving space; a wipe access opening through the wipe compartment, the wipe access opening being large enough to enable access to the wet wipes, but small enough to prevent the wet wipes from falling out of the wipe receiving space; and a cover flap attached to the cuboid main housing and extending to cover the insertion slot. 3. The lunch bag of claim 2, further comprising an auto injector pocket located on the second face of the lunch bag and adapted to receive an auto injector, wherein the auto injector pocket comprises a receiving space, an opening, and a closure mechanism. 4. The lunch bag of claim 2, wherein the internal compartment is insulated. 5. The lunch bag of claim 2, wherein the fastener is a zipper. 6. A lunch bag adapted to contain a pack of wet wipes, the lunch bag comprising:
a cuboid main housing having a first face and a second face connected by a bottom face opposite a top face, and two side faces, to form an internal compartment within the cuboid main housing; an access opening through the first face for accessing the internal compartment; a cover face for covering the access opening, the cover face being removably attached to the cuboid main housing with a fastener; a handle attached to the top face for carrying the lunch bag; a wipe compartment formed on one of the two side faces of the cuboid main body, the wipe compartment being adapted to receive the pack of wet wipes into a wipe receiving space defined between the wipe compartment and the side face of the cuboid main body, the wipe compartment including an insertion slot adapted to allow the pack of wet wipes into the wipe receiving space; a wipe access opening through the wipe compartment, the wipe access opening being large enough to enable access to the wet wipes, but small enough to prevent the wet wipes from falling out of the wipe receiving space; a cover flap attached to the cuboid main housing and extending to cover the insertion slot; and further comprising an auto injector pocket located on the second face of the lunch bag and adapted to receive an auto injector, wherein the auto injector pocket comprises a receiving space, an opening, and a closure mechanism. | A lunch bag has a cuboid main housing having an internal compartment and a handle. The lunch bag further comprises a wipe compartment formed on one of the side faces, the wipe compartment adapted to receive the pack of wet wipes into a wipe receiving space. The wipe compartment includes an insertion slot adapted to allow the wet wipes into the wipe receiving space, and further has a wipe access opening being large enough to enable access to the wet wipes, but small enough to prevent the wet wipes from falling out of the wipe receiving space. A cover flap is attached to the cuboid main housing, and extends to cover the insertion slot.1. A lunch bag adapted to contain a pack of wet wipes, the lunch bag comprising:
a main housing forming an internal compartment; an access opening for accessing the internal compartment; a cover face for removably covering the access opening; a wipe compartment formed on the main body, the wipe compartment being adapted to receive the pack of wet wipes into a wipe receiving space defined between the wipe compartment and the main body, the wipe compartment including an insertion slot adapted to allow the pack of wet wipes into the wipe receiving space; a wipe access opening through the wipe compartment, the wipe access opening being large enough to enable access to the wet wipes, but small enough to prevent the wet wipes from falling out of the wipe receiving space; and a cover flap attached to the main housing and extending to cover the insertion slot. 2. A lunch bag adapted to contain a pack of wet wipes, the lunch bag comprising:
a cuboid main housing having a first face and a second face connected by a bottom face opposite a top face, and two side faces, to form an internal compartment within the cuboid main housing; an access opening through the first face for accessing the internal compartment; a cover face for covering the access opening, the cover face being removably attached to the cuboid main housing with a fastener; a handle attached to the top face for carrying the lunch bag; a wipe compartment formed on one of the two side faces of the cuboid main body, the wipe compartment being adapted to receive the pack of wet wipes into a wipe receiving space defined between the wipe compartment and the side face of the cuboid main body, the wipe compartment including an insertion slot adapted to allow the pack of wet wipes into the wipe receiving space; a wipe access opening through the wipe compartment, the wipe access opening being large enough to enable access to the wet wipes, but small enough to prevent the wet wipes from falling out of the wipe receiving space; and a cover flap attached to the cuboid main housing and extending to cover the insertion slot. 3. The lunch bag of claim 2, further comprising an auto injector pocket located on the second face of the lunch bag and adapted to receive an auto injector, wherein the auto injector pocket comprises a receiving space, an opening, and a closure mechanism. 4. The lunch bag of claim 2, wherein the internal compartment is insulated. 5. The lunch bag of claim 2, wherein the fastener is a zipper. 6. A lunch bag adapted to contain a pack of wet wipes, the lunch bag comprising:
a cuboid main housing having a first face and a second face connected by a bottom face opposite a top face, and two side faces, to form an internal compartment within the cuboid main housing; an access opening through the first face for accessing the internal compartment; a cover face for covering the access opening, the cover face being removably attached to the cuboid main housing with a fastener; a handle attached to the top face for carrying the lunch bag; a wipe compartment formed on one of the two side faces of the cuboid main body, the wipe compartment being adapted to receive the pack of wet wipes into a wipe receiving space defined between the wipe compartment and the side face of the cuboid main body, the wipe compartment including an insertion slot adapted to allow the pack of wet wipes into the wipe receiving space; a wipe access opening through the wipe compartment, the wipe access opening being large enough to enable access to the wet wipes, but small enough to prevent the wet wipes from falling out of the wipe receiving space; a cover flap attached to the cuboid main housing and extending to cover the insertion slot; and further comprising an auto injector pocket located on the second face of the lunch bag and adapted to receive an auto injector, wherein the auto injector pocket comprises a receiving space, an opening, and a closure mechanism. | 3,700 |
346,250 | 16,804,702 | 3,735 | The invention is the products and methods associated with purifying overexpressed recombinant recombinases from a host cell line resulting in an un-tagged protein of interest without any additional, non-native amino acids. The invention employs at least one DNA vector that co-expresses a tagged fusion protein and the recomibinase protein with the recombinase protein having an affinity for binding to the the tagged fusion protein. Isolation methods of the recominbase protein include the targeting of the tagged fusion protein. | 1. A method of purifying a recombinase protein, comprising:
a. inserting at least one expression vector into a single host cell, wherein said at least one expression vector comprises at least a first coding sequence and a second coding sequence, and the first coding sequence and the second coding sequence is under the control of at least one promoter, wherein the first coding sequence encodes for a tagged fusion protein comprising a mutated BRCA2 protein motif, wherein the mutated BRCA2 protein motif comprises at least one BRC repeat comprising at least one mutation in an F-X-X-A motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 22 or an F-X-X-G motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 70-74 in SEQ ID NO: 28 and the second coding sequence encodes for a recombinase protein that has a binding affinity to the mutated BRCA2 protein motif of the first coding sequence; b. expressing the tagged fusion protein and the recombinase protein from under the control of the at least one promoter in the host cell; and c. isolating the recombinase protein from the host cell using a protein purification procedure that comprises of procedures that select for the tagged fusion protein. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises a W-X-X-A motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 25. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises a F-X-X-G motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 30. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises a W-X-X-G motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 31. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises an F-X-X-S motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 26. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises a W-X-X-S motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 34. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises an ϕ-X-X-A motif where ϕ is a hydrophobic molecule. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises an ϕ-X-X-G motif where ϕ is a hydrophobic molecule. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises an F-X-X-ϕ motif where ϕ is a hydrophobic molecule. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises an F-X-X-U motif as shown by substituting an α-amino butyric (U) for the alanine in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the tagged fusion protein comprises at least one protein tag. 11. The method of claim 5 wherein said at least one protein tag comprises a 6Xhis tag, an MBP tag, a GST tag, a FLAG tag, a myc tag, or a Strep tag or any combination of protein tags. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first coding sequence further comprises a 6Xhis tag and an MBP tag and the mutated BRC4 protein motif. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the second coding sequence encodes for human RAD51 recombinase. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein the protein purification procedure comprises a first ligand that binds to the tagged fusion protein and because the recombinase is bound to the tagged fusion protein, the first ligand is used to isolate both the tagged fusion protein and the recombinase protein together. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the tagged fusion protein and the recombinase protein are separated from each other using a second ligand, wherein the second ligand binds to the recombinase protein in a manner that promotes dissociation between the tagged fusion protein and the recombinase protein. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the recombinase protein is further purified using a method that selects proteins based on their size. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein the first ligand comprises a metal chelator and/or amylase ligand. 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the second ligand is heparin. | The invention is the products and methods associated with purifying overexpressed recombinant recombinases from a host cell line resulting in an un-tagged protein of interest without any additional, non-native amino acids. The invention employs at least one DNA vector that co-expresses a tagged fusion protein and the recomibinase protein with the recombinase protein having an affinity for binding to the the tagged fusion protein. Isolation methods of the recominbase protein include the targeting of the tagged fusion protein.1. A method of purifying a recombinase protein, comprising:
a. inserting at least one expression vector into a single host cell, wherein said at least one expression vector comprises at least a first coding sequence and a second coding sequence, and the first coding sequence and the second coding sequence is under the control of at least one promoter, wherein the first coding sequence encodes for a tagged fusion protein comprising a mutated BRCA2 protein motif, wherein the mutated BRCA2 protein motif comprises at least one BRC repeat comprising at least one mutation in an F-X-X-A motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 22 or an F-X-X-G motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 70-74 in SEQ ID NO: 28 and the second coding sequence encodes for a recombinase protein that has a binding affinity to the mutated BRCA2 protein motif of the first coding sequence; b. expressing the tagged fusion protein and the recombinase protein from under the control of the at least one promoter in the host cell; and c. isolating the recombinase protein from the host cell using a protein purification procedure that comprises of procedures that select for the tagged fusion protein. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises a W-X-X-A motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 25. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises a F-X-X-G motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 30. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises a W-X-X-G motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 31. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises an F-X-X-S motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 26. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises a W-X-X-S motif as shown in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 34. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises an ϕ-X-X-A motif where ϕ is a hydrophobic molecule. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises an ϕ-X-X-G motif where ϕ is a hydrophobic molecule. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises an F-X-X-ϕ motif where ϕ is a hydrophobic molecule. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the mutated BRC repeat comprises an F-X-X-U motif as shown by substituting an α-amino butyric (U) for the alanine in the amino acid sequence 409-412 in SEQ ID NO: 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the tagged fusion protein comprises at least one protein tag. 11. The method of claim 5 wherein said at least one protein tag comprises a 6Xhis tag, an MBP tag, a GST tag, a FLAG tag, a myc tag, or a Strep tag or any combination of protein tags. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first coding sequence further comprises a 6Xhis tag and an MBP tag and the mutated BRC4 protein motif. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the second coding sequence encodes for human RAD51 recombinase. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein the protein purification procedure comprises a first ligand that binds to the tagged fusion protein and because the recombinase is bound to the tagged fusion protein, the first ligand is used to isolate both the tagged fusion protein and the recombinase protein together. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the tagged fusion protein and the recombinase protein are separated from each other using a second ligand, wherein the second ligand binds to the recombinase protein in a manner that promotes dissociation between the tagged fusion protein and the recombinase protein. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the recombinase protein is further purified using a method that selects proteins based on their size. 17. The method of claim 14 wherein the first ligand comprises a metal chelator and/or amylase ligand. 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the second ligand is heparin. | 3,700 |
346,251 | 16,804,697 | 3,735 | Slide gate for a metallurgical vessel, in particular a ladle, including a slide gate housing attachable to a metallurgical vessel, a head plate accommodated in the slide gate housing and having a passage opening for a metallic melt, a slide frame mounted in the slide gate housing so as to be displaceable in a direction relative to the head plate, and a slide plate accommodated in the slide frame and having a passage opening, characterized in that a device for compensating the contact pressure of the slide plate against the head plate is arranged between the slide gate housing and the slide frame, wherein the compensating device includes at least one carrier body mounted in the slide gate housing so as to be rotatable about at least one axis of rotation, and at least one spring element, via which the carrier body is coupled to the slide frame. | 1. Slide gate for a metallurgical vessel, comprising
a slide gate housing attachable to a metallurgical vessel, a head plate which is accommodated in the slide gate housing and has a passage opening for a metallic melt, a slide frame, which is mounted in the slide gate housing so as to be displaceable in a displacement direction relative to the head plate, and a slide plate which is accommodated in the slide frame and has a passage opening, wherein a compensating device for compensating the contact pressure of the slide plate against the head plate is arranged between the slide gate housing and the slide frame, wherein the compensating device comprises: at least one carrier body, which is mounted in the slide gate housing so as to be rotatable about at least one axis of rotation, and at least one spring element, via which the carrier body is coupled to the slide frame. 2. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the slide gate housing comprises a mounting plate for fixing the slide gate to a metallurgical vessel and a slide housing for guiding the slide frame, wherein the slide housing is connected to the mounting plate and the compensating device is arranged between the slide housing and the slide frame. 3. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the slide frame rests on the carrier body, wherein the slide frame is guided by the slide housing in the displacement direction. 4. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein an axis of rotation of the carrier body extends parallel to the displacement direction of the slide frame. 5. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier body has a pressure bar which is mounted in an articulated manner on or in the carrier body, wherein the carrier body has bearing surfaces for the pressure bar. 6. Slide gate according to claim 5,
wherein a sliding strip for supporting the slide frame is accommodated in the pressure bar. 7. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier body comprises two carrier arms and a carrier web which connects the carrier arms to one another. 8. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the compensating device comprises at least one pair of carrier bodies rotatably mounted in the slide gate housing, wherein a first side of the slide frame rests on a first carrier body and a second side of the slide frame rests on a second carrier body. 9. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier bodies are coupled to one another via spring elements. 10. Slide gate according to claim 5,
wherein the spring elements are supported in each case in the carrier web of the first or second carrier body and the pressure bar associated with the second or first carrier body. 11. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein a first carrier body and a second carrier body are mounted about a common axis of rotation in the slide housing. 12. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the axis of rotation of the carrier body extends parallel to a central axis of the head plate. 13. Slide gate according to claim 7,
wherein the carrier web is rotatably and/or tiltably mounted in the carrier body. 14. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the first carrier body are arranged inside in the direction of the axis of rotation with respect to the head plate and the second carrier body are arranged outside. 15. Slide gate (1) according to claim 1,
wherein the same number and/or the same type of spring elements is arranged on both sides of the compensating device. 16. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein a sliding device is rotatably connectable to the slide frame for displacing the slide frame in the displacement direction. 17. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier bodies are mounted in the slide gate housing so as to be rotatable about two axes of rotation extending at right angles to one another. 18. Slide gate (1) according to claim 1,
wherein the slide gate is designed as a three-plate slide gate, wherein a spout plate is arranged between the compensating device and the slide frame. | Slide gate for a metallurgical vessel, in particular a ladle, including a slide gate housing attachable to a metallurgical vessel, a head plate accommodated in the slide gate housing and having a passage opening for a metallic melt, a slide frame mounted in the slide gate housing so as to be displaceable in a direction relative to the head plate, and a slide plate accommodated in the slide frame and having a passage opening, characterized in that a device for compensating the contact pressure of the slide plate against the head plate is arranged between the slide gate housing and the slide frame, wherein the compensating device includes at least one carrier body mounted in the slide gate housing so as to be rotatable about at least one axis of rotation, and at least one spring element, via which the carrier body is coupled to the slide frame.1. Slide gate for a metallurgical vessel, comprising
a slide gate housing attachable to a metallurgical vessel, a head plate which is accommodated in the slide gate housing and has a passage opening for a metallic melt, a slide frame, which is mounted in the slide gate housing so as to be displaceable in a displacement direction relative to the head plate, and a slide plate which is accommodated in the slide frame and has a passage opening, wherein a compensating device for compensating the contact pressure of the slide plate against the head plate is arranged between the slide gate housing and the slide frame, wherein the compensating device comprises: at least one carrier body, which is mounted in the slide gate housing so as to be rotatable about at least one axis of rotation, and at least one spring element, via which the carrier body is coupled to the slide frame. 2. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the slide gate housing comprises a mounting plate for fixing the slide gate to a metallurgical vessel and a slide housing for guiding the slide frame, wherein the slide housing is connected to the mounting plate and the compensating device is arranged between the slide housing and the slide frame. 3. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the slide frame rests on the carrier body, wherein the slide frame is guided by the slide housing in the displacement direction. 4. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein an axis of rotation of the carrier body extends parallel to the displacement direction of the slide frame. 5. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier body has a pressure bar which is mounted in an articulated manner on or in the carrier body, wherein the carrier body has bearing surfaces for the pressure bar. 6. Slide gate according to claim 5,
wherein a sliding strip for supporting the slide frame is accommodated in the pressure bar. 7. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier body comprises two carrier arms and a carrier web which connects the carrier arms to one another. 8. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the compensating device comprises at least one pair of carrier bodies rotatably mounted in the slide gate housing, wherein a first side of the slide frame rests on a first carrier body and a second side of the slide frame rests on a second carrier body. 9. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier bodies are coupled to one another via spring elements. 10. Slide gate according to claim 5,
wherein the spring elements are supported in each case in the carrier web of the first or second carrier body and the pressure bar associated with the second or first carrier body. 11. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein a first carrier body and a second carrier body are mounted about a common axis of rotation in the slide housing. 12. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the axis of rotation of the carrier body extends parallel to a central axis of the head plate. 13. Slide gate according to claim 7,
wherein the carrier web is rotatably and/or tiltably mounted in the carrier body. 14. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the first carrier body are arranged inside in the direction of the axis of rotation with respect to the head plate and the second carrier body are arranged outside. 15. Slide gate (1) according to claim 1,
wherein the same number and/or the same type of spring elements is arranged on both sides of the compensating device. 16. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein a sliding device is rotatably connectable to the slide frame for displacing the slide frame in the displacement direction. 17. Slide gate according to claim 1,
wherein the carrier bodies are mounted in the slide gate housing so as to be rotatable about two axes of rotation extending at right angles to one another. 18. Slide gate (1) according to claim 1,
wherein the slide gate is designed as a three-plate slide gate, wherein a spout plate is arranged between the compensating device and the slide frame. | 3,700 |
346,252 | 16,804,682 | 3,735 | Provided is a spinal surgery apparatus for inserting a rod, which allows a rod forming an implant structure to be easily inserted and fixed, thus facilitating spinal surgery and minimizing invasions during the spinal surgery, thus helping a patient's recovery.The spinal surgery apparatus for inserting a rod includes a handle gripped by a user, a fixing shaft connected to the handle, having on a lower end thereof a fixing part to which the rod is fixed, and separating the fixing part from the rod while the fixing shaft is tilted forwards, an actuating part including a connecting shaft inserted into the handle, and an actuating member installed on an end of the connecting shaft to move the connecting shaft up and down by rotation, and a rod push shaft inserted into the fixing shaft, and simultaneously coming at an upper end thereof into contact with a lower end of the connecting shaft, so that the rod push shaft is moved down by an operation of the actuating part, thus pushing and fixing the rod. | 1. A spinal surgery apparatus for inserting a rod, comprising:
a handle gripped by a user; a fixing shaft connected to the handle, having on a lower end thereof a fixing part to which the rod is fixed, and separating the fixing part from the rod while the fixing shaft is tilted forwards; an actuating part comprising a connecting shaft inserted into the handle, and an actuating member installed on an end of the connecting shaft to move the connecting shaft up and down by rotation; and a rod push shaft inserted into the fixing shaft, and simultaneously coming at an upper end thereof into contact with a lower end of the connecting shaft, so that the rod push shaft is moved down by an operation of the actuating part, thus pushing and fixing the rod. 2. The spinal surgery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fixing part comprises a fixing hole into which an end of the rod is fixedly inserted, and a fixing groove formed above the fixing hole with a step therebetween, thus allowing the fixing shaft to be tilted. 3. The spinal surgery apparatus of claim 2, wherein the fixing groove defines a moving space of the fixing shaft, and inclination parts are formed on both sides of a lower portion of the fixing shaft. 4. The spinal surgery apparatus of claim 1, wherein a tilting angle of the fixing shaft ranges from 30° to 60° with respect to a vertical state of the fixing shaft. 5. The spinal surgery apparatus of claim 1, wherein an inflow groove is longitudinally formed in a rear portion of the fixing shaft to introduce blood therein. | Provided is a spinal surgery apparatus for inserting a rod, which allows a rod forming an implant structure to be easily inserted and fixed, thus facilitating spinal surgery and minimizing invasions during the spinal surgery, thus helping a patient's recovery.The spinal surgery apparatus for inserting a rod includes a handle gripped by a user, a fixing shaft connected to the handle, having on a lower end thereof a fixing part to which the rod is fixed, and separating the fixing part from the rod while the fixing shaft is tilted forwards, an actuating part including a connecting shaft inserted into the handle, and an actuating member installed on an end of the connecting shaft to move the connecting shaft up and down by rotation, and a rod push shaft inserted into the fixing shaft, and simultaneously coming at an upper end thereof into contact with a lower end of the connecting shaft, so that the rod push shaft is moved down by an operation of the actuating part, thus pushing and fixing the rod.1. A spinal surgery apparatus for inserting a rod, comprising:
a handle gripped by a user; a fixing shaft connected to the handle, having on a lower end thereof a fixing part to which the rod is fixed, and separating the fixing part from the rod while the fixing shaft is tilted forwards; an actuating part comprising a connecting shaft inserted into the handle, and an actuating member installed on an end of the connecting shaft to move the connecting shaft up and down by rotation; and a rod push shaft inserted into the fixing shaft, and simultaneously coming at an upper end thereof into contact with a lower end of the connecting shaft, so that the rod push shaft is moved down by an operation of the actuating part, thus pushing and fixing the rod. 2. The spinal surgery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fixing part comprises a fixing hole into which an end of the rod is fixedly inserted, and a fixing groove formed above the fixing hole with a step therebetween, thus allowing the fixing shaft to be tilted. 3. The spinal surgery apparatus of claim 2, wherein the fixing groove defines a moving space of the fixing shaft, and inclination parts are formed on both sides of a lower portion of the fixing shaft. 4. The spinal surgery apparatus of claim 1, wherein a tilting angle of the fixing shaft ranges from 30° to 60° with respect to a vertical state of the fixing shaft. 5. The spinal surgery apparatus of claim 1, wherein an inflow groove is longitudinally formed in a rear portion of the fixing shaft to introduce blood therein. | 3,700 |
346,253 | 16,804,720 | 3,735 | A cabinet lock secures a door panel to a cabinet frame and includes a latching component and an electromechanical component. The latching component has a latch member reciprocally translatable between a locked orientation to secure the door panel to the cabinet frame and an unlocked orientation to free the door panel from the cabinet frame. The electromechanical component includes an actuator and drive member. Powering the actuator causes the drive member to translate the latch member to the unlocked orientation. A drive member position sensor may emit a signal indicative of the position of the latch member. The electromechanical component may be retrofit-able to a latching component of a pre-existing mechanical cabinet lock. | 1. A cabinet lock for securing a door panel to a cabinet housing, the cabinet lock comprising:
a) a latching component having a latch housing and a latch member reciprocally translatable between a locked orientation to secure said door panel to said cabinet housing and an unlocked orientation to free said door panel from said cabinet housing; and b) an electromechanical component including an actuator operably coupled to a drive member, wherein said drive member is coupled to said latch member whereby powering of said actuator translates said latch member to said unlocked orientation. 2. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said electromechanical component further includes a drive member position sensor configured to emit a signal indicative of said latch member between said locked orientation and said unlocked orientation. 3. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 2 wherein said drive member position sensor comprises an optical infrared emitter and detector pair. 4. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said electromechanical component further includes a drive member position sensor configured to emit a signal when said latch member reaches said unlocked orientation. 5. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 4 wherein said drive member position sensor comprises an optical infrared emitter and detector pair. 6. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said actuator is a motor. 7. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said drive member is a threaded rod and wherein said electromechanical component further includes a drive nut rotatably coupled to said actuator whereby powering of said actuator rotates said drive nut to translate said threaded rod and latch member to said unlocked orientation. 8. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said latching component further includes a manual actuator coupled to said latch member. 9. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 8 wherein said manual actuator includes a cylinder having a cam located at a first end whereby manual actuation of said cylinder causes said cam to engage said latch member and drive said latch member to said unlocked orientation. 10. The cabinet lock of claim 1 wherein said latching component further includes a biasing member configured to bias said latch member to said locked orientation. 11. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said drive member is coupled to said latch member via a connector feature. 12. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said latch member is a latch or dead bolt. 13. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said drive member is a drive plate coupled to said actuator whereby powering of said actuator rotates said drive plate to translate said latch member to said unlocked orientation. 14. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a temperature sensor configured for sensing ambient temperatures associated with said cabinet lock and to cause a pulsed current signal to be directed to said actuator upon sensing a temperature above or below a predetermined temperature threshold. 15. A traffic signal control box comprising:
a) a cabinet having a cabinet housing defining an interior therein; b) a door panel mounted to said cabinet housing and configured to cover said interior when in a closed condition; and c) a cabinet lock comprising:
i) a latching component having a latch housing and a latch member reciprocally translatable between a locked orientation to secure said door panel to said cabinet housing and an unlocked orientation to free said door panel from said cabinet housing; and
ii) an electromechanical component including an actuator operably coupled to a drive member, wherein a first end of said drive member is coupled to said latch member whereby powering of said actuator in a first direction translates said latch member to said unlocked orientation. 16. An electromechanical component for converting a mechanical cabinet lock to a powered cabinet lock wherein said mechanical lock includes a latching component having a latch member reciprocally translatable between a locked orientation to secure a door panel to a cabinet housing and an unlocked orientation to free said door panel from said cabinet housing, said electromechanical component comprising an actuator operably coupled to a drive member, wherein said drive member is coupled to said latch member via a connector feature whereby a mechanical cabinet lock is converted to a powered cabinet lock. 17. A method of retrofitting an electromechanical component to an existing cabinet lock having only a latching component, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a cabinet lock having a latching component wherein the latching component includes a latch member; b) providing said electromechanical component including an actuator connectable to a power source; wherein the electromechanical component further includes a drive member; c) providing a connector feature; and d) connecting the drive member to the latch member via said connector feature. 18. The method in accordance with claim 17 wherein said provided electromechanical component further includes a position sensor for sensing the position of the latch member wherein the method further includes triggering of a signal by the position sensor indicative of said position of said latch member. 19. An electromechanical component for a locking mechanism wherein the locking mechanism includes a latching component having a latch member reciprocally movable between a locked orientation and an unlocked orientation, said electromechanical component comprising:
a) a drive member configured to be coupled to said latch member; b) an actuator operably coupled to the drive member; and c) a position sensor for sensing the orientation of the latch member, wherein the drive member includes a first portion being opaque to said sensor and a second portion being translucent to said sensor, and wherein said sensor outputs a second signal for the second region which is different than a first signal for the first region. 20. The device of claim 19 wherein said sensor comprises a photo detector producing a photo beam between a photo emitter and a photo receiver, wherein said drive member is selectively positionable within said photo detector. 21. The device of claim 20 wherein said photo emitter emits infrared radiation. 22. The device of claim 19 wherein said second portion comprises a plurality of stratified sub-regions wherein each sub-region has a different degree of translucency. | A cabinet lock secures a door panel to a cabinet frame and includes a latching component and an electromechanical component. The latching component has a latch member reciprocally translatable between a locked orientation to secure the door panel to the cabinet frame and an unlocked orientation to free the door panel from the cabinet frame. The electromechanical component includes an actuator and drive member. Powering the actuator causes the drive member to translate the latch member to the unlocked orientation. A drive member position sensor may emit a signal indicative of the position of the latch member. The electromechanical component may be retrofit-able to a latching component of a pre-existing mechanical cabinet lock.1. A cabinet lock for securing a door panel to a cabinet housing, the cabinet lock comprising:
a) a latching component having a latch housing and a latch member reciprocally translatable between a locked orientation to secure said door panel to said cabinet housing and an unlocked orientation to free said door panel from said cabinet housing; and b) an electromechanical component including an actuator operably coupled to a drive member, wherein said drive member is coupled to said latch member whereby powering of said actuator translates said latch member to said unlocked orientation. 2. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said electromechanical component further includes a drive member position sensor configured to emit a signal indicative of said latch member between said locked orientation and said unlocked orientation. 3. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 2 wherein said drive member position sensor comprises an optical infrared emitter and detector pair. 4. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said electromechanical component further includes a drive member position sensor configured to emit a signal when said latch member reaches said unlocked orientation. 5. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 4 wherein said drive member position sensor comprises an optical infrared emitter and detector pair. 6. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said actuator is a motor. 7. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said drive member is a threaded rod and wherein said electromechanical component further includes a drive nut rotatably coupled to said actuator whereby powering of said actuator rotates said drive nut to translate said threaded rod and latch member to said unlocked orientation. 8. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said latching component further includes a manual actuator coupled to said latch member. 9. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 8 wherein said manual actuator includes a cylinder having a cam located at a first end whereby manual actuation of said cylinder causes said cam to engage said latch member and drive said latch member to said unlocked orientation. 10. The cabinet lock of claim 1 wherein said latching component further includes a biasing member configured to bias said latch member to said locked orientation. 11. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said drive member is coupled to said latch member via a connector feature. 12. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said latch member is a latch or dead bolt. 13. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 wherein said drive member is a drive plate coupled to said actuator whereby powering of said actuator rotates said drive plate to translate said latch member to said unlocked orientation. 14. The cabinet lock in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a temperature sensor configured for sensing ambient temperatures associated with said cabinet lock and to cause a pulsed current signal to be directed to said actuator upon sensing a temperature above or below a predetermined temperature threshold. 15. A traffic signal control box comprising:
a) a cabinet having a cabinet housing defining an interior therein; b) a door panel mounted to said cabinet housing and configured to cover said interior when in a closed condition; and c) a cabinet lock comprising:
i) a latching component having a latch housing and a latch member reciprocally translatable between a locked orientation to secure said door panel to said cabinet housing and an unlocked orientation to free said door panel from said cabinet housing; and
ii) an electromechanical component including an actuator operably coupled to a drive member, wherein a first end of said drive member is coupled to said latch member whereby powering of said actuator in a first direction translates said latch member to said unlocked orientation. 16. An electromechanical component for converting a mechanical cabinet lock to a powered cabinet lock wherein said mechanical lock includes a latching component having a latch member reciprocally translatable between a locked orientation to secure a door panel to a cabinet housing and an unlocked orientation to free said door panel from said cabinet housing, said electromechanical component comprising an actuator operably coupled to a drive member, wherein said drive member is coupled to said latch member via a connector feature whereby a mechanical cabinet lock is converted to a powered cabinet lock. 17. A method of retrofitting an electromechanical component to an existing cabinet lock having only a latching component, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing a cabinet lock having a latching component wherein the latching component includes a latch member; b) providing said electromechanical component including an actuator connectable to a power source; wherein the electromechanical component further includes a drive member; c) providing a connector feature; and d) connecting the drive member to the latch member via said connector feature. 18. The method in accordance with claim 17 wherein said provided electromechanical component further includes a position sensor for sensing the position of the latch member wherein the method further includes triggering of a signal by the position sensor indicative of said position of said latch member. 19. An electromechanical component for a locking mechanism wherein the locking mechanism includes a latching component having a latch member reciprocally movable between a locked orientation and an unlocked orientation, said electromechanical component comprising:
a) a drive member configured to be coupled to said latch member; b) an actuator operably coupled to the drive member; and c) a position sensor for sensing the orientation of the latch member, wherein the drive member includes a first portion being opaque to said sensor and a second portion being translucent to said sensor, and wherein said sensor outputs a second signal for the second region which is different than a first signal for the first region. 20. The device of claim 19 wherein said sensor comprises a photo detector producing a photo beam between a photo emitter and a photo receiver, wherein said drive member is selectively positionable within said photo detector. 21. The device of claim 20 wherein said photo emitter emits infrared radiation. 22. The device of claim 19 wherein said second portion comprises a plurality of stratified sub-regions wherein each sub-region has a different degree of translucency. | 3,700 |
346,254 | 16,804,687 | 3,735 | To suppress occurrence of stress corrosion cracking in a weld due to tensile residual stress generated in a web or a middle rib in case of bend forming of an aluminum alloy extrusion having the weld on the web or/and the middle rib. In bend forming of the aluminum alloy extrusion, a peak position of tensile residual stress generated in the middle rib exists in a region other than the vicinity of the weld. Since the peak position is away from the weld by a distance, tensile residual stress in the weld is reduced, making it possible to suppress occurrence of stress corrosion cracking. | 1: An aluminum alloy component, comprising an aluminum alloy extrusion including a pair of flanges, a pair of webs connecting the flanges together, and a weld on each of the webs, the aluminum alloy component being subjected to bend forming with a bending axis being a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction and parallel to the flanges,
wherein tensile residual stress exists in the web and a peak position of the tensile residual stress exists in a region other than the vicinity of the weld. 2: An aluminum alloy component, comprising an aluminum alloy extrusion that includes a pair of flanges, a pair of webs connecting the flanges together, and one or more middle rib locating between the webs and connecting the flanges together, and has a weld on at least one of the webs and the middle rib, the aluminum alloy component being subjected to bend forming with a bending axis being a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction and parallel to the pair of flanges,
wherein tensile residual stress exists in each of the webs and the middle rib, and a peak position of the tensile residual stress exists in a region other than the vicinity of the weld. 3: The aluminum alloy component according to claim 1, wherein the bend forming is stretch bend forming. 4: The aluminum alloy component according to claim 2, wherein the bend forming is stretch bend forming. | To suppress occurrence of stress corrosion cracking in a weld due to tensile residual stress generated in a web or a middle rib in case of bend forming of an aluminum alloy extrusion having the weld on the web or/and the middle rib. In bend forming of the aluminum alloy extrusion, a peak position of tensile residual stress generated in the middle rib exists in a region other than the vicinity of the weld. Since the peak position is away from the weld by a distance, tensile residual stress in the weld is reduced, making it possible to suppress occurrence of stress corrosion cracking.1: An aluminum alloy component, comprising an aluminum alloy extrusion including a pair of flanges, a pair of webs connecting the flanges together, and a weld on each of the webs, the aluminum alloy component being subjected to bend forming with a bending axis being a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction and parallel to the flanges,
wherein tensile residual stress exists in the web and a peak position of the tensile residual stress exists in a region other than the vicinity of the weld. 2: An aluminum alloy component, comprising an aluminum alloy extrusion that includes a pair of flanges, a pair of webs connecting the flanges together, and one or more middle rib locating between the webs and connecting the flanges together, and has a weld on at least one of the webs and the middle rib, the aluminum alloy component being subjected to bend forming with a bending axis being a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction and parallel to the pair of flanges,
wherein tensile residual stress exists in each of the webs and the middle rib, and a peak position of the tensile residual stress exists in a region other than the vicinity of the weld. 3: The aluminum alloy component according to claim 1, wherein the bend forming is stretch bend forming. 4: The aluminum alloy component according to claim 2, wherein the bend forming is stretch bend forming. | 3,700 |
346,255 | 16,804,703 | 3,735 | An Oxide-Oxide (Ox-Ox) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component includes a woven high denier ceramic fiber, the fiber comprising a plurality of tows, the woven fiber having interstitial spacing and the tows comprising the fiber having interstitial spacing, an aluminosilicate matrix, wherein the aluminosilicate matrix occupies the interstitial spacing between the fibers, and wherein the aluminosilicate matrix further occupies at least some of the interstitial spacing between the tows of the fiber. In another aspect, a method of fabricating an Oxide-Oxide (Ox-Ox) component includes the steps of providing a ceramic fiber, providing an aluminosilicate slurry, coating the fiber with the aluminosilicate slurry, filament winding the coated fiber over tooling, forming an uncured preform, removing the uncured Ox-Ox preform from the tooling, and curing the Ox-Ox preform, forming a near net shape Ox-Ox component. | 1. An Oxide-Oxide (Ox-Ox) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component, comprising:
a woven high denier ceramic fiber, the fiber being at least 3,000 denier, the fiber comprising no sizing coating, the fiber comprising a plurality of tows, the fiber having interstitial spacing and the plurality of tows comprising the fiber having interstitial spacing; an aluminosilicate matrix; wherein the aluminosilicate matrix occupies the interstitial spacing between the fiber, and wherein the aluminosilicate matrix further occupies at least some of the interstitial spacing between the plurality of tows of the fiber. 2. The Ox-Ox CMC component of claim 1, wherein the component is a gas turbine engine component. 3. The Ox-Ox CMC component of claim 1, wherein the fiber is at least about 10,000 denier. 4. The Ox-Ox CMC component of claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate matrix is formed from an aluminosilicate slurry. 5. The Ox-Ox CMC component of claim 1, wherein the fiber is impregnated with the aluminosilicate matrix and has a weight ratio of fiber to aluminosilicate matrix between about 40% fiber to 60% matrix and between about 60% fiber to 40% matrix. 6. The Ox-Ox CMC component of claim 1, wherein the fiber is impregnated with aluminosilicate matrix and has a weight ratio of fiber to aluminosilicate matrix material of about 50% fiber to 50% matrix. 7. A method of fabricating an Oxide-Oxide (Ox-Ox) component, comprising the steps of:
providing a ceramic fiber; providing an aluminosilicate slurry; coating the fiber with the aluminosilicate slurry; filament winding the coated fiber over tooling, forming an uncured preform; removing the uncured Ox-Ox preform from the tooling; curing the Ox-Ox preform, forming a near net shape Ox-Ox component. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of providing ceramic fiber includes providing high denier ceramic fiber. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of providing high denier ceramic fiber includes providing fiber having at least about 3000 denier. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of providing high denier ceramic fiber includes providing fiber having about 10,000 denier. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of providing ceramic fiber having a mass of 10,000 denier includes providing a ceramic fiber selected from the group consisting of Nextel® 720 and Nextel® 610. 12. The method of claim 7, further including a step of desizing the fiber after the step of providing the fiber and before the step of coating the fiber. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of coating the desized fiber further includes tensioning the desized fiber thereby preventing breaking of the fiber. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of filament winding the desized fiber also includes tensioning the desized fiber. 15. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of coating the fiber with aluminosilicate slurry further includes the additional steps of
spreading the fiber thereby separating tows comprising the fiber; and infiltrating the interstitial spacing between the fibers with aluminosilicate slurry. 16. The method of claim 7, further including the additional step of removing excess aluminosilicate slurry from the fiber after coating the fiber and before filament winding the fiber. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of removing excess aluminosilicate slurry from the fiber further provides a coated, impregnated fiber having a ratio of fiber/matrix content by weight of between about 60/40 fiber to matrix to about 40/60 fiber to matrix. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of removing excess aluminosilicate slurry from the fiber further provides a coated, impregnated fiber having a ratio of fiber/matrix content by weight of about 50/50 fiber to matrix. 19. A roller system for impregnating a fiber with a slurry, comprising:
a plurality of rollers, the plurality of rollers further comprising;
a first roller contacting the fiber and spreading the fiber apart from adjacent fibers, increasing spacing between fibers forming tows before application of slurry to the fiber,
at least one intermediate roller contacting the fiber and further increasing the spacing between fibers as resin application to the fiber continues, and
a final roller pair comprising opposed, counter-rotating rollers, the fiber passing between the counter-rotating rollers before exiting the roller system;
a slurry application system, the slurry application system applying slurry to the fiber after the fiber has been spread apart; an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism controlling the distance between the counter-rotating rollers so that the impregnated fiber has a predetermined ratio of slurry to fiber; and a fiber tensioning system, the fiber tensioning system sensing fiber tension in the roller system and adjusting the tension of the fiber so that the fiber is not overstressed, thereby preventing fiber breakage during its dwell in the roller system. 20. The roller system of claim 19, further including a fiber entry guide for locating the fiber on the first roller, and a fiber exit guide for receiving the fiber after passing through the final roller pair. 21. The roller system of claim 19, wherein the slurry application system includes a container positioned below the roller system, the container including slurry into which the fiber is guided after passing over the first roller. 22. The roller system of claim 21, wherein the slurry application system includes a slurry height control mechanism for maintaining the slurry within the container at a predetermined level. 23. The roller system of claim 22, further included a valve-controlled conduit in fluid communication with a slurry storage device, the valve-controlled conduit opening to provide slurry to the container when the slurry height control mechanism determines that the slurry in the container is below a predetermined level. 24. A tooling system for fabricating an Ox-Ox component comprising a supply of fiber;
a prepreg slurry mixing system for impregnating fiber with slurry; a tooling drum for receiving impregnated fiber; a first guide for guiding the supply of fiber into the prepreg slurry system; and a second guide for guiding the impregnated fiber onto the tooling drum. 25. The tooling system of claim 24, further including a desizing system for removing sizing from the fiber prior to impregnating the fiber with slurry. 26. The tooling system of claim 24, wherein the tooling drum is a storage cylinder, the second guide guiding the impregnated fiber onto the cylinder for subsequent usage. 27. The tooling system of claim 24, wherein the tooling drum is a mandrel that molds the fiber into a green structure, the second guide guiding the impregnated fiber onto the mandrel prior to subsequent processing of the green structure. 28. The tooling system of claim 24, further including a fiber tensioning system, the fiber tensioning system sensing fiber tension in the tooling system during processing adjusting the tension of the fiber so that the fiber is not overstressed, thereby preventing fiber breakage during processing. 29. The tooling system of claim 24, further including a bagging system applying pressure to the green structure on a curing tool. 30. The tooling system of claim 24, further including an autoclave, the autoclave curing the green structure using the curing tool. | An Oxide-Oxide (Ox-Ox) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component includes a woven high denier ceramic fiber, the fiber comprising a plurality of tows, the woven fiber having interstitial spacing and the tows comprising the fiber having interstitial spacing, an aluminosilicate matrix, wherein the aluminosilicate matrix occupies the interstitial spacing between the fibers, and wherein the aluminosilicate matrix further occupies at least some of the interstitial spacing between the tows of the fiber. In another aspect, a method of fabricating an Oxide-Oxide (Ox-Ox) component includes the steps of providing a ceramic fiber, providing an aluminosilicate slurry, coating the fiber with the aluminosilicate slurry, filament winding the coated fiber over tooling, forming an uncured preform, removing the uncured Ox-Ox preform from the tooling, and curing the Ox-Ox preform, forming a near net shape Ox-Ox component.1. An Oxide-Oxide (Ox-Ox) ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component, comprising:
a woven high denier ceramic fiber, the fiber being at least 3,000 denier, the fiber comprising no sizing coating, the fiber comprising a plurality of tows, the fiber having interstitial spacing and the plurality of tows comprising the fiber having interstitial spacing; an aluminosilicate matrix; wherein the aluminosilicate matrix occupies the interstitial spacing between the fiber, and wherein the aluminosilicate matrix further occupies at least some of the interstitial spacing between the plurality of tows of the fiber. 2. The Ox-Ox CMC component of claim 1, wherein the component is a gas turbine engine component. 3. The Ox-Ox CMC component of claim 1, wherein the fiber is at least about 10,000 denier. 4. The Ox-Ox CMC component of claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate matrix is formed from an aluminosilicate slurry. 5. The Ox-Ox CMC component of claim 1, wherein the fiber is impregnated with the aluminosilicate matrix and has a weight ratio of fiber to aluminosilicate matrix between about 40% fiber to 60% matrix and between about 60% fiber to 40% matrix. 6. The Ox-Ox CMC component of claim 1, wherein the fiber is impregnated with aluminosilicate matrix and has a weight ratio of fiber to aluminosilicate matrix material of about 50% fiber to 50% matrix. 7. A method of fabricating an Oxide-Oxide (Ox-Ox) component, comprising the steps of:
providing a ceramic fiber; providing an aluminosilicate slurry; coating the fiber with the aluminosilicate slurry; filament winding the coated fiber over tooling, forming an uncured preform; removing the uncured Ox-Ox preform from the tooling; curing the Ox-Ox preform, forming a near net shape Ox-Ox component. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of providing ceramic fiber includes providing high denier ceramic fiber. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of providing high denier ceramic fiber includes providing fiber having at least about 3000 denier. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of providing high denier ceramic fiber includes providing fiber having about 10,000 denier. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of providing ceramic fiber having a mass of 10,000 denier includes providing a ceramic fiber selected from the group consisting of Nextel® 720 and Nextel® 610. 12. The method of claim 7, further including a step of desizing the fiber after the step of providing the fiber and before the step of coating the fiber. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of coating the desized fiber further includes tensioning the desized fiber thereby preventing breaking of the fiber. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of filament winding the desized fiber also includes tensioning the desized fiber. 15. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of coating the fiber with aluminosilicate slurry further includes the additional steps of
spreading the fiber thereby separating tows comprising the fiber; and infiltrating the interstitial spacing between the fibers with aluminosilicate slurry. 16. The method of claim 7, further including the additional step of removing excess aluminosilicate slurry from the fiber after coating the fiber and before filament winding the fiber. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of removing excess aluminosilicate slurry from the fiber further provides a coated, impregnated fiber having a ratio of fiber/matrix content by weight of between about 60/40 fiber to matrix to about 40/60 fiber to matrix. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of removing excess aluminosilicate slurry from the fiber further provides a coated, impregnated fiber having a ratio of fiber/matrix content by weight of about 50/50 fiber to matrix. 19. A roller system for impregnating a fiber with a slurry, comprising:
a plurality of rollers, the plurality of rollers further comprising;
a first roller contacting the fiber and spreading the fiber apart from adjacent fibers, increasing spacing between fibers forming tows before application of slurry to the fiber,
at least one intermediate roller contacting the fiber and further increasing the spacing between fibers as resin application to the fiber continues, and
a final roller pair comprising opposed, counter-rotating rollers, the fiber passing between the counter-rotating rollers before exiting the roller system;
a slurry application system, the slurry application system applying slurry to the fiber after the fiber has been spread apart; an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism controlling the distance between the counter-rotating rollers so that the impregnated fiber has a predetermined ratio of slurry to fiber; and a fiber tensioning system, the fiber tensioning system sensing fiber tension in the roller system and adjusting the tension of the fiber so that the fiber is not overstressed, thereby preventing fiber breakage during its dwell in the roller system. 20. The roller system of claim 19, further including a fiber entry guide for locating the fiber on the first roller, and a fiber exit guide for receiving the fiber after passing through the final roller pair. 21. The roller system of claim 19, wherein the slurry application system includes a container positioned below the roller system, the container including slurry into which the fiber is guided after passing over the first roller. 22. The roller system of claim 21, wherein the slurry application system includes a slurry height control mechanism for maintaining the slurry within the container at a predetermined level. 23. The roller system of claim 22, further included a valve-controlled conduit in fluid communication with a slurry storage device, the valve-controlled conduit opening to provide slurry to the container when the slurry height control mechanism determines that the slurry in the container is below a predetermined level. 24. A tooling system for fabricating an Ox-Ox component comprising a supply of fiber;
a prepreg slurry mixing system for impregnating fiber with slurry; a tooling drum for receiving impregnated fiber; a first guide for guiding the supply of fiber into the prepreg slurry system; and a second guide for guiding the impregnated fiber onto the tooling drum. 25. The tooling system of claim 24, further including a desizing system for removing sizing from the fiber prior to impregnating the fiber with slurry. 26. The tooling system of claim 24, wherein the tooling drum is a storage cylinder, the second guide guiding the impregnated fiber onto the cylinder for subsequent usage. 27. The tooling system of claim 24, wherein the tooling drum is a mandrel that molds the fiber into a green structure, the second guide guiding the impregnated fiber onto the mandrel prior to subsequent processing of the green structure. 28. The tooling system of claim 24, further including a fiber tensioning system, the fiber tensioning system sensing fiber tension in the tooling system during processing adjusting the tension of the fiber so that the fiber is not overstressed, thereby preventing fiber breakage during processing. 29. The tooling system of claim 24, further including a bagging system applying pressure to the green structure on a curing tool. 30. The tooling system of claim 24, further including an autoclave, the autoclave curing the green structure using the curing tool. | 3,700 |
346,256 | 16,804,681 | 3,735 | There is disclosed a system, including apparatus, methods and computer programs, for running native software applications (apps) and HTML5 web-based apps on a computing device, particularly a mobile computing device, in a multitasking mode of operation. In one embodiment, touch screen displays having one or more browsers are adapted to run one or more HTML5 apps, and receive input from hand gestures. One or more software modules execute on the operating system and are responsive to a dragging gesture applied to an HTML5 app displayed in a full screen mode, to subdivide the screen display and display the HTML5 app in one of the subdivided areas and display icons used to launch a second HTML5 app in a different one of the subdivided areas. The second HTML5 app is run concurrently with the first HTML5 app in order to provide multi-tasking between the first and second apps. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A tablet mobile computing device that is capable, when the tablet mobile computing device is in operation, of wirelessly communicating via an Internet network, with an app store associated with a remote server, the tablet mobile computing device comprising:
a network interface that comprises an antenna; a touch screen display; a processor; storage capable of storing instructions that correspond to a plurality of apps and an operating system, the instructions being capable of being executed by the processor, the instructions, when executed, by processor resulting in the tablet mobile computing device being capable of performing operations comprising: displaying, via the touch screen display, a plurality of user selectable icons corresponding to the plurality of apps; receiving, via the touch screen display, user tap input associated with one of the plurality of user selectable icons, the user tap input resulting in selection for execution of one of the plurality of apps that corresponds to the one of the plurality of user selectable icons; displaying, via a first screen view of the touch screen display, information to be provided, via the one of the plurality of apps; receiving via the touch screen display, while the one of the plurality of apps is being executed, one or more other user inputs that result in (1) selection, for execution, of another of the plurality of apps that corresponds to another of the plurality of user selectable icons and (2) concurrent display, via a second screen view of the touch screen display, of:
a plurality of display areas; and
a user visual indicator separating the display areas from each other, one of the display areas being for display of the information, another of the display areas being for display of other information to be provided via the another of the plurality of apps;
wherein:
the second screen view of the touch screen display comprises a split screen view of the touch screen display;
the plurality of apps comprises an additional app that is capable of being wirelessly downloaded, via the antenna and the network, to the storage from the remote server based upon user selection associated with a displayable available app catalog of the app store;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of providing, via the touch screen display, a virtual keyboard;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of concurrently executing both the one of the plurality of apps and the another of the plurality of apps; and
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device supports user-controlled dragging and dropping, between the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas, of text for use in automatically activating a search. 27. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device:
the tablet mobile computing device is capable of displaying, via the touch screen display, user selectable home screen icons associated with native apps stored at the tablet mobile computing device;
the native apps are associated with capabilities of the operating system of the tablet mobile computing device. 28. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
the another of the plurality of apps is associated with a browser. 29. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be horizontally-oriented display areas. 30. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be vertically-oriented display areas. 31. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
the tablet mobile computing device comprises a sensor to be used in determining orientation of tablet mobile computing device; and in the split screen view of the touch screen display, display orientation of the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be changed based upon the orientation of the tablet mobile computing device. 32. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
the user visual indicator is movable, via user touch and drag operations, so as to change the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas; and the storage comprises flash memory. 33. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
the first screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a full screen mode of the touch screen display; and the split screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a split screen mode of the touch screen display. 34. Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that capable of being executed by a tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device being capable, when the tablet mobile computing device is in operation, of wirelessly communicating, via an Internet network, with an app store associated with a remote server, the instructions corresponding to a plurality of apps and an operating system, the instructions when executed by the tablet mobile computing device resulting in the tablet mobile computing device being capable of performing operations comprising:
displaying, via a touch screen display of the tablet mobile computing device, a plurality of user selectable icons corresponding to the plurality of apps; receiving, via the touch screen display, user tap input associated with one of the plurality of user selectable icons, the user tap input resulting in selection for execution of one of the plurality of apps that corresponds to the one of the plurality of user selectable icons; displaying, via a first screen view of the touch screen display, information to be provided, via the one of the plurality of apps; receiving via the touch screen display, while the one of the plurality of apps is being executed, one or more other user inputs that result in (1) selection, for execution, of another of the plurality of apps that corresponds to another of the plurality of user selectable icons and (2) concurrent display, via a second screen view of the touch screen display, of:
a plurality of display areas; and
a user visual indicator separating the display areas from each other, one of the display areas being for display of the information, another of the display areas being for display of other information to be provided via the another of the plurality of apps;
wherein:
the second screen view of the touch screen display comprises a split screen view of the touch screen display;
the plurality of apps comprises an additional app that is capable of being wirelessly downloaded, via an antenna of the tablet mobile computing device and the network, to the tablet mobile computing device from the remote server based upon user selection associated with a displayable available app catalog of the app store;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of providing, via the touch screen display, a virtual keyboard;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of concurrently executing both the one of the plurality of apps and the another of the plurality of apps; and
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device supports user-controlled dragging and dropping, between the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas, of text for use in automatically activating a search. 35. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device:
the tablet mobile computing device is capable of displaying, via the touch screen display, user selectable home screen icons associated with native apps stored at the tablet mobile computing device;
the native apps are associated with capabilities of the operating system of the tablet mobile computing device. 36. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
the another of the plurality of apps is associated with a browser. 37. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be horizontally-oriented display areas. 38. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be vertically-oriented display areas. 39. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
the tablet mobile computing device comprises a sensor to be used to determine orientation of tablet mobile computing device; and in the split screen view of the touch screen display, display orientation of the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be changed based upon the orientation of the tablet mobile computing device. 40. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
the user visual indicator is movable, via user touch and drag operations, so as to change the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas; and the tablet mobile comprising device comprises flash memory to store the instructions. 41. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
the first screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a full screen mode of the touch screen display; and the split screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a split screen mode of the touch screen display. 42. A method implemented using a tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device being capable, when the tablet mobile computing device is in operation, of wirelessly communicating, via an Internet network, with an app store associated with a remote server, the tablet mobile computing device being capable of storing instructions to be executed by the tablet mobile computing device, the instructions corresponding to a plurality of apps and an operating system, the method comprising:
displaying, via a touch screen display of the tablet mobile computing device, a plurality of user selectable icons corresponding to the plurality of apps; receiving, via the touch screen display, user tap input associated with one of the plurality of user selectable icons, the user tap input resulting in selection for execution of one of the plurality of apps that corresponds to the one of the plurality of user selectable icons; displaying, via a first screen view of the touch screen display, information to be provided, via the one of the plurality of apps; receiving via the touch screen display, while the one of the plurality of apps is being executed, one or more other user inputs that result in (1) selection, for execution, of another of the plurality of apps that corresponds to another of the plurality of user selectable icons and (2) concurrent display, via a second screen view of the touch screen display, of:
a plurality of display areas; and
a user visual indicator separating the display areas from each other, one of the display areas being for display of the information, another of the display areas being for display of other information to be provided via the another of the plurality of apps;
wherein:
the second screen view of the touch screen display comprises a split screen view of the touch screen display;
the plurality of apps comprises an additional app that is capable of being wirelessly downloaded, via the antenna and the network, to the tablet mobile computing device from the remote server based upon user selection associated with a displayable available app catalog of the app store;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of providing, via the touch screen display, a virtual keyboard;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of concurrently executing both the one of the plurality of apps and the another of the plurality of apps; and
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device supports user-controlled dragging and dropping, between the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas, of text for use in automatically activating a search. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein:
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device:
the tablet mobile computing device is capable of displaying, via the touch screen display, user selectable home screen icons associated with native apps stored at the tablet mobile computing device;
the native apps are associated with capabilities of the operating system of the tablet mobile computing device;
the another of the plurality of apps is associated with a browser. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be horizontally-oriented display areas. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be vertically-oriented display areas. 46. The method of claim 42, wherein:
the tablet mobile computing device comprises a sensor to be used to determine orientation of tablet mobile computing device; in the split screen view of the touch screen display, display orientation of the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be changed based upon the orientation of the tablet mobile computing device; the user visual indicator is movable, via user touch and drag operations, so as to change the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas; the tablet mobile comprising device comprises flash memory to store the instructions; the first screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a full screen mode of the touch screen display; and the split screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a split screen mode of the touch screen display. | There is disclosed a system, including apparatus, methods and computer programs, for running native software applications (apps) and HTML5 web-based apps on a computing device, particularly a mobile computing device, in a multitasking mode of operation. In one embodiment, touch screen displays having one or more browsers are adapted to run one or more HTML5 apps, and receive input from hand gestures. One or more software modules execute on the operating system and are responsive to a dragging gesture applied to an HTML5 app displayed in a full screen mode, to subdivide the screen display and display the HTML5 app in one of the subdivided areas and display icons used to launch a second HTML5 app in a different one of the subdivided areas. The second HTML5 app is run concurrently with the first HTML5 app in order to provide multi-tasking between the first and second apps.1-25. (canceled) 26. A tablet mobile computing device that is capable, when the tablet mobile computing device is in operation, of wirelessly communicating via an Internet network, with an app store associated with a remote server, the tablet mobile computing device comprising:
a network interface that comprises an antenna; a touch screen display; a processor; storage capable of storing instructions that correspond to a plurality of apps and an operating system, the instructions being capable of being executed by the processor, the instructions, when executed, by processor resulting in the tablet mobile computing device being capable of performing operations comprising: displaying, via the touch screen display, a plurality of user selectable icons corresponding to the plurality of apps; receiving, via the touch screen display, user tap input associated with one of the plurality of user selectable icons, the user tap input resulting in selection for execution of one of the plurality of apps that corresponds to the one of the plurality of user selectable icons; displaying, via a first screen view of the touch screen display, information to be provided, via the one of the plurality of apps; receiving via the touch screen display, while the one of the plurality of apps is being executed, one or more other user inputs that result in (1) selection, for execution, of another of the plurality of apps that corresponds to another of the plurality of user selectable icons and (2) concurrent display, via a second screen view of the touch screen display, of:
a plurality of display areas; and
a user visual indicator separating the display areas from each other, one of the display areas being for display of the information, another of the display areas being for display of other information to be provided via the another of the plurality of apps;
wherein:
the second screen view of the touch screen display comprises a split screen view of the touch screen display;
the plurality of apps comprises an additional app that is capable of being wirelessly downloaded, via the antenna and the network, to the storage from the remote server based upon user selection associated with a displayable available app catalog of the app store;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of providing, via the touch screen display, a virtual keyboard;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of concurrently executing both the one of the plurality of apps and the another of the plurality of apps; and
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device supports user-controlled dragging and dropping, between the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas, of text for use in automatically activating a search. 27. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device:
the tablet mobile computing device is capable of displaying, via the touch screen display, user selectable home screen icons associated with native apps stored at the tablet mobile computing device;
the native apps are associated with capabilities of the operating system of the tablet mobile computing device. 28. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
the another of the plurality of apps is associated with a browser. 29. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be horizontally-oriented display areas. 30. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be vertically-oriented display areas. 31. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
the tablet mobile computing device comprises a sensor to be used in determining orientation of tablet mobile computing device; and in the split screen view of the touch screen display, display orientation of the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be changed based upon the orientation of the tablet mobile computing device. 32. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
the user visual indicator is movable, via user touch and drag operations, so as to change the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas; and the storage comprises flash memory. 33. The tablet mobile computing device of claim 26, wherein:
the first screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a full screen mode of the touch screen display; and the split screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a split screen mode of the touch screen display. 34. Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that capable of being executed by a tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device being capable, when the tablet mobile computing device is in operation, of wirelessly communicating, via an Internet network, with an app store associated with a remote server, the instructions corresponding to a plurality of apps and an operating system, the instructions when executed by the tablet mobile computing device resulting in the tablet mobile computing device being capable of performing operations comprising:
displaying, via a touch screen display of the tablet mobile computing device, a plurality of user selectable icons corresponding to the plurality of apps; receiving, via the touch screen display, user tap input associated with one of the plurality of user selectable icons, the user tap input resulting in selection for execution of one of the plurality of apps that corresponds to the one of the plurality of user selectable icons; displaying, via a first screen view of the touch screen display, information to be provided, via the one of the plurality of apps; receiving via the touch screen display, while the one of the plurality of apps is being executed, one or more other user inputs that result in (1) selection, for execution, of another of the plurality of apps that corresponds to another of the plurality of user selectable icons and (2) concurrent display, via a second screen view of the touch screen display, of:
a plurality of display areas; and
a user visual indicator separating the display areas from each other, one of the display areas being for display of the information, another of the display areas being for display of other information to be provided via the another of the plurality of apps;
wherein:
the second screen view of the touch screen display comprises a split screen view of the touch screen display;
the plurality of apps comprises an additional app that is capable of being wirelessly downloaded, via an antenna of the tablet mobile computing device and the network, to the tablet mobile computing device from the remote server based upon user selection associated with a displayable available app catalog of the app store;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of providing, via the touch screen display, a virtual keyboard;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of concurrently executing both the one of the plurality of apps and the another of the plurality of apps; and
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device supports user-controlled dragging and dropping, between the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas, of text for use in automatically activating a search. 35. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device:
the tablet mobile computing device is capable of displaying, via the touch screen display, user selectable home screen icons associated with native apps stored at the tablet mobile computing device;
the native apps are associated with capabilities of the operating system of the tablet mobile computing device. 36. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
the another of the plurality of apps is associated with a browser. 37. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be horizontally-oriented display areas. 38. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be vertically-oriented display areas. 39. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
the tablet mobile computing device comprises a sensor to be used to determine orientation of tablet mobile computing device; and in the split screen view of the touch screen display, display orientation of the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be changed based upon the orientation of the tablet mobile computing device. 40. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
the user visual indicator is movable, via user touch and drag operations, so as to change the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas; and the tablet mobile comprising device comprises flash memory to store the instructions. 41. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 34, wherein:
the first screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a full screen mode of the touch screen display; and the split screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a split screen mode of the touch screen display. 42. A method implemented using a tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device being capable, when the tablet mobile computing device is in operation, of wirelessly communicating, via an Internet network, with an app store associated with a remote server, the tablet mobile computing device being capable of storing instructions to be executed by the tablet mobile computing device, the instructions corresponding to a plurality of apps and an operating system, the method comprising:
displaying, via a touch screen display of the tablet mobile computing device, a plurality of user selectable icons corresponding to the plurality of apps; receiving, via the touch screen display, user tap input associated with one of the plurality of user selectable icons, the user tap input resulting in selection for execution of one of the plurality of apps that corresponds to the one of the plurality of user selectable icons; displaying, via a first screen view of the touch screen display, information to be provided, via the one of the plurality of apps; receiving via the touch screen display, while the one of the plurality of apps is being executed, one or more other user inputs that result in (1) selection, for execution, of another of the plurality of apps that corresponds to another of the plurality of user selectable icons and (2) concurrent display, via a second screen view of the touch screen display, of:
a plurality of display areas; and
a user visual indicator separating the display areas from each other, one of the display areas being for display of the information, another of the display areas being for display of other information to be provided via the another of the plurality of apps;
wherein:
the second screen view of the touch screen display comprises a split screen view of the touch screen display;
the plurality of apps comprises an additional app that is capable of being wirelessly downloaded, via the antenna and the network, to the tablet mobile computing device from the remote server based upon user selection associated with a displayable available app catalog of the app store;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of providing, via the touch screen display, a virtual keyboard;
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device is capable of concurrently executing both the one of the plurality of apps and the another of the plurality of apps; and
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device, the tablet mobile computing device supports user-controlled dragging and dropping, between the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas, of text for use in automatically activating a search. 43. The method of claim 42, wherein:
in the operation of the tablet mobile computing device:
the tablet mobile computing device is capable of displaying, via the touch screen display, user selectable home screen icons associated with native apps stored at the tablet mobile computing device;
the native apps are associated with capabilities of the operating system of the tablet mobile computing device;
the another of the plurality of apps is associated with a browser. 44. The method of claim 42, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be horizontally-oriented display areas. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein:
in the split screen view of the touch screen display, the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be vertically-oriented display areas. 46. The method of claim 42, wherein:
the tablet mobile computing device comprises a sensor to be used to determine orientation of tablet mobile computing device; in the split screen view of the touch screen display, display orientation of the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas are to be changed based upon the orientation of the tablet mobile computing device; the user visual indicator is movable, via user touch and drag operations, so as to change the one of the display areas and the another of the display areas; the tablet mobile comprising device comprises flash memory to store the instructions; the first screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a full screen mode of the touch screen display; and the split screen view of the touch screen display is to be displayed via a split screen mode of the touch screen display. | 3,700 |
346,257 | 16,804,708 | 2,687 | A security device is provided that includes a seal and a tag assembly. The seal may be configured to be attached to a merchandise box. The tag assembly may include housing and an electronics assembly disposed within the housing. The housing of the tag assembly may be configured to slide onto the seal via sliding engagement between the housing and the seal. | 1. A security device comprising:
a seal configured to be attached to a merchandise box, the seal comprising a first structural portion and a seal recessed groove, an underside surface of the first structural portion being disposed on an opposite side of the first structural portion from the outer surface, and the underside surface of the first structural portion being configured to be affixed to a first surface of the merchandise box; and a tag assembly comprising a housing and an electronics assembly disposed within the housing, the housing comprising a tag assembly recessed groove; wherein the housing of the tag assembly is configured to slide onto the seal via sliding engagement between the tag assembly recessed groove and the seal recessed groove to couple the tag assembly to the seal; wherein the sliding engagement between the housing of the tag assembly and the seal aligns locking features of the tag assembly and the seal to cause a locked engagement between the housing of the tag assembly and the seal. 2. The security device of claim 1, wherein the electronics assembly comprises an electronic article surveillance (EAS) tag. 3. The security device of claim 1, wherein the seal further comprises a second structural portion arranged at an angle to the first structural portion, the seal being configured to overlay an openable edge of the merchandise box such that an underside portion of the second structural portion is configured to be affixed to a second surface of the merchandise box and the openable edge is disposed between the first surface and the second surface. 4. The security device of claim 3, wherein the angle is a right angle. 5. The security device of claim 1, wherein a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is disposed on the underside of the first structural portion of the seal to affix the seal to the merchandise box. 6. The security device of claim 1, wherein the locking features comprise a lock plug and a lock aperture, the lock plug being biased towards engagement with the lock aperture. 7. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag assembly includes a box sensor that detects a proximity of a merchandise box to the tag assembly. 8. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag assembly includes a box sensor, and the box sensor includes a spring-loaded plunger that extends through a plunger aperture in the seal to contact the first surface of the merchandise box. 9. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag assembly comprises a box sensor, the box sensor comprising a spring-loaded plunger;
wherein the seal comprises a plunger aperture; and wherein the sliding engagement between the housing of the tag assembly and the seal aligns the spring-loaded plunger with the plunger aperture to permit the spring-loaded plunger to pass through the plunger aperture and contact the first surface of the merchandise box to detect a presence of the merchandise box. 10. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag assembly recessed groove is disposed near a periphery of an underside of the tag assembly. 11. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag assembly cannot be removed from the seal until the lock plug is disengaged from the edge seal. 12. The security device of claim 1, wherein outer surface of the first structural portion comprises a channel configured to receive a strap that is arranged around the merchandise box. 13. The security device of claim 1, wherein outer surface of the first structural portion comprises a channel configured to receive a strap and a raised protuberance on each side of the channel that extends into a recess in an underside of the tag assembly to prevent the security device from being moved sideways relative to the strap. 14. The security device of claim 1, wherein the seal is electrically conductive and forms a sense loop that is broken if the seal is removed from the merchandise item. 15. The security device of claim 1, wherein the seal further comprises a second structural portion coupled to the first structural portion;
wherein the seal is initially provided in a flat, unfolded configuration and is bent, folded, creased, or otherwise manipulated to cause the first structural portion to be arranged at an angle to the second structural portion. 16. The security device of claim 1, wherein the electronics assembly includes a user-perceptible alarm, and wherein removal of at least one of the seal and the tag assembly from the merchandise box triggers the alarm. 17. A security device comprising:
a seal configured to be attached to a merchandise box, the seal comprising a seal recessed groove and a plunger aperture; and a tag assembly comprising a housing, an electronics assembly disposed within the housing, and a box sensor; wherein the housing comprises a tag assembly recessed groove; wherein the housing of the tag assembly is configured to slide onto the seal via sliding engagement between the tag assembly recessed groove and the seal recessed groove to couple the tag assembly to the seal; wherein the box sensor comprises a spring-loaded plunger; and wherein the sliding engagement between the housing of the tag assembly and the seal aligns the spring-loaded plunger with the plunger aperture to permit the spring-loaded plunger to pass through the plunger aperture and contact the merchandise box to detect a presence of the merchandise box. 18. A security device comprising:
a seal configured to be attached to a merchandise box, the seal comprising a seal recessed groove; and a tag assembly comprising:
a housing comprising a tag assembly recessed groove; and
a communications element, disposed within the housing, configured to wirelessly transmit to a remote device;
wherein the housing of the tag assembly is configured to slide onto the seal via sliding engagement between the tag assembly recessed groove and the seal recessed groove to couple the tag assembly to the seal. | A security device is provided that includes a seal and a tag assembly. The seal may be configured to be attached to a merchandise box. The tag assembly may include housing and an electronics assembly disposed within the housing. The housing of the tag assembly may be configured to slide onto the seal via sliding engagement between the housing and the seal.1. A security device comprising:
a seal configured to be attached to a merchandise box, the seal comprising a first structural portion and a seal recessed groove, an underside surface of the first structural portion being disposed on an opposite side of the first structural portion from the outer surface, and the underside surface of the first structural portion being configured to be affixed to a first surface of the merchandise box; and a tag assembly comprising a housing and an electronics assembly disposed within the housing, the housing comprising a tag assembly recessed groove; wherein the housing of the tag assembly is configured to slide onto the seal via sliding engagement between the tag assembly recessed groove and the seal recessed groove to couple the tag assembly to the seal; wherein the sliding engagement between the housing of the tag assembly and the seal aligns locking features of the tag assembly and the seal to cause a locked engagement between the housing of the tag assembly and the seal. 2. The security device of claim 1, wherein the electronics assembly comprises an electronic article surveillance (EAS) tag. 3. The security device of claim 1, wherein the seal further comprises a second structural portion arranged at an angle to the first structural portion, the seal being configured to overlay an openable edge of the merchandise box such that an underside portion of the second structural portion is configured to be affixed to a second surface of the merchandise box and the openable edge is disposed between the first surface and the second surface. 4. The security device of claim 3, wherein the angle is a right angle. 5. The security device of claim 1, wherein a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) is disposed on the underside of the first structural portion of the seal to affix the seal to the merchandise box. 6. The security device of claim 1, wherein the locking features comprise a lock plug and a lock aperture, the lock plug being biased towards engagement with the lock aperture. 7. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag assembly includes a box sensor that detects a proximity of a merchandise box to the tag assembly. 8. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag assembly includes a box sensor, and the box sensor includes a spring-loaded plunger that extends through a plunger aperture in the seal to contact the first surface of the merchandise box. 9. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag assembly comprises a box sensor, the box sensor comprising a spring-loaded plunger;
wherein the seal comprises a plunger aperture; and wherein the sliding engagement between the housing of the tag assembly and the seal aligns the spring-loaded plunger with the plunger aperture to permit the spring-loaded plunger to pass through the plunger aperture and contact the first surface of the merchandise box to detect a presence of the merchandise box. 10. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag assembly recessed groove is disposed near a periphery of an underside of the tag assembly. 11. The security device of claim 1, wherein the tag assembly cannot be removed from the seal until the lock plug is disengaged from the edge seal. 12. The security device of claim 1, wherein outer surface of the first structural portion comprises a channel configured to receive a strap that is arranged around the merchandise box. 13. The security device of claim 1, wherein outer surface of the first structural portion comprises a channel configured to receive a strap and a raised protuberance on each side of the channel that extends into a recess in an underside of the tag assembly to prevent the security device from being moved sideways relative to the strap. 14. The security device of claim 1, wherein the seal is electrically conductive and forms a sense loop that is broken if the seal is removed from the merchandise item. 15. The security device of claim 1, wherein the seal further comprises a second structural portion coupled to the first structural portion;
wherein the seal is initially provided in a flat, unfolded configuration and is bent, folded, creased, or otherwise manipulated to cause the first structural portion to be arranged at an angle to the second structural portion. 16. The security device of claim 1, wherein the electronics assembly includes a user-perceptible alarm, and wherein removal of at least one of the seal and the tag assembly from the merchandise box triggers the alarm. 17. A security device comprising:
a seal configured to be attached to a merchandise box, the seal comprising a seal recessed groove and a plunger aperture; and a tag assembly comprising a housing, an electronics assembly disposed within the housing, and a box sensor; wherein the housing comprises a tag assembly recessed groove; wherein the housing of the tag assembly is configured to slide onto the seal via sliding engagement between the tag assembly recessed groove and the seal recessed groove to couple the tag assembly to the seal; wherein the box sensor comprises a spring-loaded plunger; and wherein the sliding engagement between the housing of the tag assembly and the seal aligns the spring-loaded plunger with the plunger aperture to permit the spring-loaded plunger to pass through the plunger aperture and contact the merchandise box to detect a presence of the merchandise box. 18. A security device comprising:
a seal configured to be attached to a merchandise box, the seal comprising a seal recessed groove; and a tag assembly comprising:
a housing comprising a tag assembly recessed groove; and
a communications element, disposed within the housing, configured to wirelessly transmit to a remote device;
wherein the housing of the tag assembly is configured to slide onto the seal via sliding engagement between the tag assembly recessed groove and the seal recessed groove to couple the tag assembly to the seal. | 2,600 |
346,258 | 16,804,691 | 2,687 | Compositions and methods relating to bacterial ribosomes selected to increase the incorporation of at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein versus a wild-type bacterial ribosome. Selection embodiments include growing bacteria in the presence of a puromycin derivative, wherein a surviving clone has a ribosome that incorporates at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein. | 1. A composition comprising a bacterial ribosome selected to increase the incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid into a protein versus a wild-type bacterial ribosome, wherein the bacterial ribosome has been selected with a puromycin derivative. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the puromycin derivative comprises O-GlcNAc-puromycin. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the protein comprises interferon-β (IFN-β). 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein glycosylation of IFN-β comprises an addition of N acetylglucosaminyltyrosine into position 29. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid occurs in cellulo. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid occurs in vitro. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the glycosylated amino acid comprises a glycosylation with GlcNAc and/or GalNAc. 8. A method for selecting a ribosomal clone configured to incorporate at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein, comprising the step of growing bacteria in the presence of a puromycin derivative and selecting a clone, wherein the surviving clone comprises a ribosome that incorporates at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the puromycin derivative contains an amino acid constituent having a structure analogous to a given amino acid chosen to be incorporated into a protein. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the puromycin derivative comprises glycosyl-substituted puromycin. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the puromycin derivative comprises O-GlcNAc-puromycin. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the protein comprises interferon-β. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid occurs in cellulo. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the glycosylated amino acid comprises a glycosylation with GlcNAc and/or GalNAc. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein interferon-β is glycosylated at Asn29. 16. The method of claim 8, wherein the incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid occurs in vitro. 17. A method for synthesizing a glycosylated protein with a selected bacterial ribosomal clone grown in the presence of a puromycin derivative and thereby configured to incorporate at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein, comprising the step of adding an S-30 extract from the selected bacterial ribosomal clone to an in vitro translation system under conditions and for a time suitable to synthesize a glycosylated protein. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the puromycin derivative contains an amino acid constituent having a structure analogous to a given amino acid chosen to be incorporated into a protein. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the puromycin derivative comprises glycosyl-substituted puromycin. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the puromycin derivative comprises O-GlcNAc-puromycin. | Compositions and methods relating to bacterial ribosomes selected to increase the incorporation of at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein versus a wild-type bacterial ribosome. Selection embodiments include growing bacteria in the presence of a puromycin derivative, wherein a surviving clone has a ribosome that incorporates at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein.1. A composition comprising a bacterial ribosome selected to increase the incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid into a protein versus a wild-type bacterial ribosome, wherein the bacterial ribosome has been selected with a puromycin derivative. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the puromycin derivative comprises O-GlcNAc-puromycin. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the protein comprises interferon-β (IFN-β). 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein glycosylation of IFN-β comprises an addition of N acetylglucosaminyltyrosine into position 29. 5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid occurs in cellulo. 6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid occurs in vitro. 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the glycosylated amino acid comprises a glycosylation with GlcNAc and/or GalNAc. 8. A method for selecting a ribosomal clone configured to incorporate at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein, comprising the step of growing bacteria in the presence of a puromycin derivative and selecting a clone, wherein the surviving clone comprises a ribosome that incorporates at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the puromycin derivative contains an amino acid constituent having a structure analogous to a given amino acid chosen to be incorporated into a protein. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the puromycin derivative comprises glycosyl-substituted puromycin. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the puromycin derivative comprises O-GlcNAc-puromycin. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the protein comprises interferon-β. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid occurs in cellulo. 14. The method of claim 8, wherein the glycosylated amino acid comprises a glycosylation with GlcNAc and/or GalNAc. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein interferon-β is glycosylated at Asn29. 16. The method of claim 8, wherein the incorporation of a glycosylated amino acid occurs in vitro. 17. A method for synthesizing a glycosylated protein with a selected bacterial ribosomal clone grown in the presence of a puromycin derivative and thereby configured to incorporate at least one glycosylated amino acid into a protein, comprising the step of adding an S-30 extract from the selected bacterial ribosomal clone to an in vitro translation system under conditions and for a time suitable to synthesize a glycosylated protein. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the puromycin derivative contains an amino acid constituent having a structure analogous to a given amino acid chosen to be incorporated into a protein. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the puromycin derivative comprises glycosyl-substituted puromycin. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the puromycin derivative comprises O-GlcNAc-puromycin. | 2,600 |
346,259 | 16,804,698 | 2,687 | In one embodiment, a memory device includes a first sense amplifier, a second sense amplifier, a first lower switch arranged between a first lower main bit line and a first input of the first sense amplifier, a second lower switch arranged between the first lower main bit line and a first input of the second sense amplifier, a first upper switch arranged between a first upper main bit line and the first input of the first sense amplifier, a second upper switch arranged between the first upper main bit line and the first input of the second sense amplifier, a third lower switch arranged between a second lower main bit line to a second input of the first sense amplifier, and a third upper switch arranged between a second upper main bit line to a second input of the second sense amplifier. | 1. A memory device comprising:
a first sense amplifier; a second sense amplifier; a first lower switch arranged between a first lower main bit line and a first input of the first sense amplifier; a second lower switch arranged between the first lower main bit line and a first input of the second sense amplifier; a first upper switch arranged between a first upper main bit line and the first input of the first sense amplifier; a second upper switch arranged between the first upper main bit line and the first input of the second sense amplifier; a third lower switch arranged between a second lower main bit line to a second input of the first sense amplifier; and a third upper switch arranged between a second upper main bit line to a second input of the second sense amplifier. 2. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fourth lower switch arranged between the second lower main bit line to the second input of the first sense amplifier; and a fourth upper switch arranged between the second upper main bit line to the second input of the second sense amplifier. 3. The memory device according to claim 2, wherein the third lower switch is parallel to the fourth lower switch and the third upper switch is parallel to the fourth upper switch. 4. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising a control logic circuit configured to control the first lower switch, the second lower switch, the first upper switch, and the second upper switch, and wherein the control logic circuit is configured to control coupling among the first sense amplifier, the second sense amplifier, the first lower main bit line, the second lower main bit lines, the first upper main bit line, and the second upper main bit line. 5. The memory device according to claim 4, wherein the control logic circuit is configured to operate in a first operating mode, wherein, in the first operating mode, the second lower switch and the first upper switch are open, and the first lower switch and the second upper switch are closed, wherein, in the first operating mode, the first lower main bit line and the first upper main bit line are coupled to the first input of the first sense amplifier and to the first input of the second sense amplifier, respectively. 6. The memory device according to claim 5, wherein the control logic circuit is configured to operate in a second operating mode, wherein, in the second operating mode, the first lower switch and the second upper switch are open and the second lower switch and the first upper switch are closed, wherein, in the second operating mode, the first lower main bit line and the first upper main bit line are coupled to the first input of the second sense amplifier and to the first input of the first sense amplifier, respectively. 7. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control logic circuit configured to control the first lower switch, the second lower switch, the first upper switch, and the second upper switch, wherein the control logic circuit is configured to control coupling among the first sense amplifier, the second sense amplifier, the first lower main bit line, the second lower main bit lines, the first upper main bit line, and the second upper main bit line, wherein the first lower main bit line is coupled to local bit lines of a first sector of a memory array comprising the first sector and a second sector, each of the first sector and the sector comprising a respective plurality of memory cells arranged in rows and columns, a respective plurality of word lines, and a respective plurality of local bit lines, and wherein the first upper main bit line is coupled to local bit lines of the second sector. 8. The memory device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a first lower memory cell and a second lower memory cell respectively coupled to a first word line of the first sector and to a first local bit line and a second local bit line of the first sector; a first upper memory cell and a second upper memory cell respectively coupled to a second word line of the second sector and to a first local bit line and a second local bit line of the second sector; a row-decoder circuit controllable for selecting the word lines of the first sector and the second sector; and a column-decoder circuit controllable for selecting the local bit lines of the first sector and the second sector and for coupling the local bit lines selected to corresponding main bit lines. 9. The memory device according to claim 8, wherein the first lower memory cells and the second lower memory cells are arranged symmetrically with respect to the first upper memory cells and the second upper memory cells, respectively, and wherein the first sector and the second sector are identical. 10. The memory device according to claim 8, wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in a first operating mode, the control logic circuit is configured to control the column-decoder circuit to:
couple the first local bit line and the second local bit line of the first sector to the first lower main bit line and the second lower main bit line, respectively; and couple the first local bit line and the second local bit line of the second sector to the second upper main bit line and the first upper main bit lines, respectively; and wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the first operating mode, the control logic circuit is further configured to control the row-decoder circuit to:
select the first word line and the second word line so that the first sense amplifier carries out differential reading of the first lower memory cell and the second lower memory cell, and so that the second sense amplifier carries out differential reading of the first upper memory cell and the second upper memory cell. 11. The memory device according to claim 8, wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in a second operating mode, the control logic circuit is configured to operate in a first configuration and a second configuration. 12. The memory device according to claim 11,
wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the first configuration, the control logic circuit controls the column-decoder circuit to:
select the first word line, and
couple the first local bit line and the second local bit line of the first sector to the first lower main bit line and the second lower main bit line, respectively, so that the first lower memory cell and the second lower memory cell are coupled to the first input of the second sense amplifier and to the second input of the first sense amplifier, respectively; and
wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the second configuration, the control logic circuit controls the column-decoder circuit to:
select the second word line, and
couple the first local bit line and the second local bit line of the second sector to the second upper main bit line and the first upper main bit lines, respectively, so that the first upper memory cell and the second upper memory cell are coupled to the second input of the second sense amplifier and to the first input of the first sense amplifier, respectively. 13. The memory device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a first reference circuit and a second reference circuit, which are configured to generate a reference electrical quantity controllable by the control logic circuit; wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the first configuration, the control logic circuit controls the column-decoder circuit to:
couple the first reference circuit and the second reference circuit to the first input of the first sense amplifier and to the second input of the second sense amplifier, respectively, so that the first sense amplifier and the second sense amplifier carry out readings of a single-ended type of the second lower memory cell and the first lower memory cell, respectively; and
wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the second configuration, the control logic circuit controls the column-decoder circuit to:
couple the first reference circuit and the second reference circuit to the second input of the first sense amplifier and to the first input of the second sense amplifier, respectively, so that the first sense amplifier and the second sense amplifier carry out readings of a single-ended type of the second upper memory cell and the first upper memory cell, respectively. 14. The memory device according to claim 11, wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the first configuration, the control logic circuit is further configured to control the row-decoder circuit so as to deselect the second word line; and wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the second configuration, control the row-decoder circuit so as to deselect the first word line. 15. The memory device according to claim 8, wherein each of the first lower memory cell, the second lower memory cell, the first upper memory cell and the second upper memory cell comprise a respective storage element and a respective access element, which are electrically coupled, and wherein the storage element comprises a phase-change material, wherein the access element is formed by a MOSFET. 16. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a memory device comprising
a first sense amplifier;
a second sense amplifier;
a first lower switch arranged between a first lower main bit line and a first input of the first sense amplifier;
a second lower switch arranged between the first lower main bit line and a first input of the second sense amplifier;
a first upper switch arranged between a first upper main bit line and the first input of the first sense amplifier;
a second upper switch arranged between the first upper main bit line and the first input of the second sense amplifier;
a third lower switch arranged between a second lower main bit line to a second input of the first sense amplifier; and
a third upper switch arranged between a second upper main bit line to a second input of the second sense amplifier;
a controller; and a bus configured to electrically couple the controller and the memory device. 17. A method for reading a memory of a memory device, the method comprising:
providing a first, a second, a third, and a fourth memory cell; providing a first sense amplifier and a second sense amplifier; providing a control logic and a switching circuit, the control logic configured to operate the switching circuit in four operating modes; operating the switching circuit in a first operating mode to perform a differential reading of the first and second memory cells with the first sense amplifier and perform a differential reading of the third and fourth memory cells with the second sense amplifier; operating the switching circuit in a second operating mode to perform a differential reading of the second and fourth memory cells with the first sense amplifier and perform a differential reading of the first and third memory cells with the second sense amplifier; operating the switching circuit in a third operating mode to perform a single-ended reading of the first memory cell with first sense amplifier and perform a single-ended reading of the second memory cell with the second sense amplifier; and operating the switching circuit in a fourth operating mode to perform a single-ended reading of the third memory cell with first sense amplifier and perform a single-ended reading of the fourth memory cell with the second sense amplifier. 18. The method of claim 17, providing the switching circuit comprises:
providing a first lower switch arranged between a first lower main bit line and a first input of the first sense amplifier; providing a second lower switch arranged between the first lower main bit line and a first input of the second sense amplifier; providing a first upper switch arranged between a first upper main bit line and the first input of the first sense amplifier; providing a second upper switch arranged between the first upper main bit line and the first input of the second sense amplifier; providing a third lower switch arranged between a second lower main bit line to a second input of the first sense amplifier; and providing a third upper switch arranged between a second upper main bit line to a second input of the second sense amplifier. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
having the first memory cell coupled to a first local bit line and to a first word line of a first sector of a memory array comprising the first sector and a second sector; having the second memory cell coupled to the first word line and a second local bit line of the first sector; having the third memory cell coupled to a second word line of the second sector and to a third local bit line; having the fourth memory cell coupled to the second word line and a fourth local bit line of the second sector; wherein operating the switching circuit in the first operating mode comprises:
coupling the first and second local bit lines to the first and second inputs of the first sense amplifier through the first lower switch and the third lower switch, respectively; and
coupling the third and fourth local bit lines to the first and second inputs of the second sense amplifier through the third upper switch and the second upper switch, respectively. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein operating the switching circuit in the second operating mode comprises:
coupling the first and second local bit lines to the first input of the second sense amplifier and to the second input of the first sense amplifier through the second lower switch and the third lower switch respectively; and coupling the third and fourth local bit lines to the second input of the second sense amplifier and to the first input of the first sense amplifier through the third upper switch and the first upper switch respectively. | In one embodiment, a memory device includes a first sense amplifier, a second sense amplifier, a first lower switch arranged between a first lower main bit line and a first input of the first sense amplifier, a second lower switch arranged between the first lower main bit line and a first input of the second sense amplifier, a first upper switch arranged between a first upper main bit line and the first input of the first sense amplifier, a second upper switch arranged between the first upper main bit line and the first input of the second sense amplifier, a third lower switch arranged between a second lower main bit line to a second input of the first sense amplifier, and a third upper switch arranged between a second upper main bit line to a second input of the second sense amplifier.1. A memory device comprising:
a first sense amplifier; a second sense amplifier; a first lower switch arranged between a first lower main bit line and a first input of the first sense amplifier; a second lower switch arranged between the first lower main bit line and a first input of the second sense amplifier; a first upper switch arranged between a first upper main bit line and the first input of the first sense amplifier; a second upper switch arranged between the first upper main bit line and the first input of the second sense amplifier; a third lower switch arranged between a second lower main bit line to a second input of the first sense amplifier; and a third upper switch arranged between a second upper main bit line to a second input of the second sense amplifier. 2. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fourth lower switch arranged between the second lower main bit line to the second input of the first sense amplifier; and a fourth upper switch arranged between the second upper main bit line to the second input of the second sense amplifier. 3. The memory device according to claim 2, wherein the third lower switch is parallel to the fourth lower switch and the third upper switch is parallel to the fourth upper switch. 4. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising a control logic circuit configured to control the first lower switch, the second lower switch, the first upper switch, and the second upper switch, and wherein the control logic circuit is configured to control coupling among the first sense amplifier, the second sense amplifier, the first lower main bit line, the second lower main bit lines, the first upper main bit line, and the second upper main bit line. 5. The memory device according to claim 4, wherein the control logic circuit is configured to operate in a first operating mode, wherein, in the first operating mode, the second lower switch and the first upper switch are open, and the first lower switch and the second upper switch are closed, wherein, in the first operating mode, the first lower main bit line and the first upper main bit line are coupled to the first input of the first sense amplifier and to the first input of the second sense amplifier, respectively. 6. The memory device according to claim 5, wherein the control logic circuit is configured to operate in a second operating mode, wherein, in the second operating mode, the first lower switch and the second upper switch are open and the second lower switch and the first upper switch are closed, wherein, in the second operating mode, the first lower main bit line and the first upper main bit line are coupled to the first input of the second sense amplifier and to the first input of the first sense amplifier, respectively. 7. The memory device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a control logic circuit configured to control the first lower switch, the second lower switch, the first upper switch, and the second upper switch, wherein the control logic circuit is configured to control coupling among the first sense amplifier, the second sense amplifier, the first lower main bit line, the second lower main bit lines, the first upper main bit line, and the second upper main bit line, wherein the first lower main bit line is coupled to local bit lines of a first sector of a memory array comprising the first sector and a second sector, each of the first sector and the sector comprising a respective plurality of memory cells arranged in rows and columns, a respective plurality of word lines, and a respective plurality of local bit lines, and wherein the first upper main bit line is coupled to local bit lines of the second sector. 8. The memory device according to claim 7, further comprising:
a first lower memory cell and a second lower memory cell respectively coupled to a first word line of the first sector and to a first local bit line and a second local bit line of the first sector; a first upper memory cell and a second upper memory cell respectively coupled to a second word line of the second sector and to a first local bit line and a second local bit line of the second sector; a row-decoder circuit controllable for selecting the word lines of the first sector and the second sector; and a column-decoder circuit controllable for selecting the local bit lines of the first sector and the second sector and for coupling the local bit lines selected to corresponding main bit lines. 9. The memory device according to claim 8, wherein the first lower memory cells and the second lower memory cells are arranged symmetrically with respect to the first upper memory cells and the second upper memory cells, respectively, and wherein the first sector and the second sector are identical. 10. The memory device according to claim 8, wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in a first operating mode, the control logic circuit is configured to control the column-decoder circuit to:
couple the first local bit line and the second local bit line of the first sector to the first lower main bit line and the second lower main bit line, respectively; and couple the first local bit line and the second local bit line of the second sector to the second upper main bit line and the first upper main bit lines, respectively; and wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the first operating mode, the control logic circuit is further configured to control the row-decoder circuit to:
select the first word line and the second word line so that the first sense amplifier carries out differential reading of the first lower memory cell and the second lower memory cell, and so that the second sense amplifier carries out differential reading of the first upper memory cell and the second upper memory cell. 11. The memory device according to claim 8, wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in a second operating mode, the control logic circuit is configured to operate in a first configuration and a second configuration. 12. The memory device according to claim 11,
wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the first configuration, the control logic circuit controls the column-decoder circuit to:
select the first word line, and
couple the first local bit line and the second local bit line of the first sector to the first lower main bit line and the second lower main bit line, respectively, so that the first lower memory cell and the second lower memory cell are coupled to the first input of the second sense amplifier and to the second input of the first sense amplifier, respectively; and
wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the second configuration, the control logic circuit controls the column-decoder circuit to:
select the second word line, and
couple the first local bit line and the second local bit line of the second sector to the second upper main bit line and the first upper main bit lines, respectively, so that the first upper memory cell and the second upper memory cell are coupled to the second input of the second sense amplifier and to the first input of the first sense amplifier, respectively. 13. The memory device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a first reference circuit and a second reference circuit, which are configured to generate a reference electrical quantity controllable by the control logic circuit; wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the first configuration, the control logic circuit controls the column-decoder circuit to:
couple the first reference circuit and the second reference circuit to the first input of the first sense amplifier and to the second input of the second sense amplifier, respectively, so that the first sense amplifier and the second sense amplifier carry out readings of a single-ended type of the second lower memory cell and the first lower memory cell, respectively; and
wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the second configuration, the control logic circuit controls the column-decoder circuit to:
couple the first reference circuit and the second reference circuit to the second input of the first sense amplifier and to the first input of the second sense amplifier, respectively, so that the first sense amplifier and the second sense amplifier carry out readings of a single-ended type of the second upper memory cell and the first upper memory cell, respectively. 14. The memory device according to claim 11, wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the first configuration, the control logic circuit is further configured to control the row-decoder circuit so as to deselect the second word line; and wherein, when the control logic circuit operates in the second configuration, control the row-decoder circuit so as to deselect the first word line. 15. The memory device according to claim 8, wherein each of the first lower memory cell, the second lower memory cell, the first upper memory cell and the second upper memory cell comprise a respective storage element and a respective access element, which are electrically coupled, and wherein the storage element comprises a phase-change material, wherein the access element is formed by a MOSFET. 16. An electronic apparatus comprising:
a memory device comprising
a first sense amplifier;
a second sense amplifier;
a first lower switch arranged between a first lower main bit line and a first input of the first sense amplifier;
a second lower switch arranged between the first lower main bit line and a first input of the second sense amplifier;
a first upper switch arranged between a first upper main bit line and the first input of the first sense amplifier;
a second upper switch arranged between the first upper main bit line and the first input of the second sense amplifier;
a third lower switch arranged between a second lower main bit line to a second input of the first sense amplifier; and
a third upper switch arranged between a second upper main bit line to a second input of the second sense amplifier;
a controller; and a bus configured to electrically couple the controller and the memory device. 17. A method for reading a memory of a memory device, the method comprising:
providing a first, a second, a third, and a fourth memory cell; providing a first sense amplifier and a second sense amplifier; providing a control logic and a switching circuit, the control logic configured to operate the switching circuit in four operating modes; operating the switching circuit in a first operating mode to perform a differential reading of the first and second memory cells with the first sense amplifier and perform a differential reading of the third and fourth memory cells with the second sense amplifier; operating the switching circuit in a second operating mode to perform a differential reading of the second and fourth memory cells with the first sense amplifier and perform a differential reading of the first and third memory cells with the second sense amplifier; operating the switching circuit in a third operating mode to perform a single-ended reading of the first memory cell with first sense amplifier and perform a single-ended reading of the second memory cell with the second sense amplifier; and operating the switching circuit in a fourth operating mode to perform a single-ended reading of the third memory cell with first sense amplifier and perform a single-ended reading of the fourth memory cell with the second sense amplifier. 18. The method of claim 17, providing the switching circuit comprises:
providing a first lower switch arranged between a first lower main bit line and a first input of the first sense amplifier; providing a second lower switch arranged between the first lower main bit line and a first input of the second sense amplifier; providing a first upper switch arranged between a first upper main bit line and the first input of the first sense amplifier; providing a second upper switch arranged between the first upper main bit line and the first input of the second sense amplifier; providing a third lower switch arranged between a second lower main bit line to a second input of the first sense amplifier; and providing a third upper switch arranged between a second upper main bit line to a second input of the second sense amplifier. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
having the first memory cell coupled to a first local bit line and to a first word line of a first sector of a memory array comprising the first sector and a second sector; having the second memory cell coupled to the first word line and a second local bit line of the first sector; having the third memory cell coupled to a second word line of the second sector and to a third local bit line; having the fourth memory cell coupled to the second word line and a fourth local bit line of the second sector; wherein operating the switching circuit in the first operating mode comprises:
coupling the first and second local bit lines to the first and second inputs of the first sense amplifier through the first lower switch and the third lower switch, respectively; and
coupling the third and fourth local bit lines to the first and second inputs of the second sense amplifier through the third upper switch and the second upper switch, respectively. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein operating the switching circuit in the second operating mode comprises:
coupling the first and second local bit lines to the first input of the second sense amplifier and to the second input of the first sense amplifier through the second lower switch and the third lower switch respectively; and coupling the third and fourth local bit lines to the second input of the second sense amplifier and to the first input of the first sense amplifier through the third upper switch and the first upper switch respectively. | 2,600 |
346,260 | 16,804,704 | 2,687 | Holders for nanofiber sheets that can reduce the probability of damage to a nanofiber sheet during transport, handling, or experimental preparation are described. These holders can improve the convenience with which nanofiber sheets can be manipulated. Holders generally include two features: an outer case and a clamp disposed within the outer case. The clamp, which can be embodied in any of a variety of ways, mounts to a peripheral edge at one or more locations on the nanofiber sheet. The nanofiber sheet is held fixed in place within the outer case and is suspended within the chamber defined by the outer case and the client. | 1. A nanofiber sheet holder comprising:
a first portion comprising:
a first body, an interior surface of the first body defining a first chamber;
a rim on the interior surface of the first body, the rim proximate to at least a portion of a perimeter of the first chamber:
a second portion comprising:
a second body, an interior surface of the second body defining a second chamber;
a support on the interior surface of the second body, the support proximate to at least a portion of a perimeter of the second chamber;
a nanofiber sheet in contact with at least one of the rim of the first portion and the support of the second portion; wherein:
the first portion and the second portion are configured to mount together at a joint; and
the rim and the support are configured to align with each other when the first portion and the second portion are mounted together, thus clamping a peripheral edge of the nanofiber sheet therebetween. 2. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 1, further comprising a conductive layer on at least one of the interior surface of the first body, the interior surface of the second body, the rim, and the support. 3. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 1, wherein the rim and the support are configured to contact one another without the nanofiber sheet therebetween when the first portion and the second portion are mounted together. 4. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 3, wherein contact between the rim and the support without the nanofiber sheet therebetween comprises an interference fit. 5. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 3, further comprising a freestanding portion of the nanofiber sheet within the peripheral edge, the freestanding portion supporting its own weight within the nanofiber sheet holder when the peripheral edge is clamped between the rim and the support. 6. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 5, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber form a combined chamber when the first portion and the second portion are mounted together, the freestanding portion of the nanofiber sheet disposed within the combined chamber. 7. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 1, wherein the rim and the support are integral with the first portion and the second portion, respectively. 8. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 1, wherein the rim and the support are continuous around the perimeter of the first chamber and the perimeter of the second chamber, respectively. 9. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 8, wherein the rim and the support together comprise a removable frame that can be removed from at least one of the first body and the second body. 10. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 9, further comprising a freestanding portion of the nanofiber sheet within the peripheral edge, the freestanding portion supporting its own weight within the nanofiber sheet holder when the peripheral edge is clamped between the rim and the support. 11. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 10, wherein the removable frame and the nanofiber sheet are removable as a unit from the first portion and the second portion. 12. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 1, further comprising a first spacer on the interior surface of the first body, the first spacer proximate to at least a portion of a perimeter of the first chamber and a second spacer on the interior surface of the second body, the second spacer proximate to at least a portion of a perimeter of the second chamber, wherein the first spacer and the second spacer are O-rings. 13. A nanofiber sheet holder comprising:
a first portion comprising a first body, an interior surface of the first body defining a first chamber; a second portion comprising:
a second body, an interior surface of the second body defining a second chamber;
a magnet connected to the interior surface of the second body within the second chamber; and
a nanofiber sheet on the magnet, the nanofiber sheet comprising a magnetic material, wherein the first portion and the second portion are configured to mount together at a joint. 14. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 13, wherein the nanofiber sheet further includes a layer of metal between the magnetic material and nanofibers of the nanofiber sheet. 15. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 13, wherein the magnetic material on the nanofiber sheet is iron. 16. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 13, further comprising a substrate between the nanofiber sheet and the magnet. 17. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 13, further comprising a frame within the second chamber configured to support at least a portion of the nanofiber sheet on the magnet. 18. A method for securing a nanofiber sheet comprising:
clamping a nanofiber sheet between a first portion of a clamp and a second portion of the clamp by placing a first portion and a second portion in contact with at least some of a peripheral edge of the nanofiber sheet; and enclosing the nanofiber sheet, the first portion of the clamp, and the second portion of the clamp within a nanofiber sheet holder, the nanofiber sheet holder separating the nanofiber sheet from an environment surrounding the nanofiber sheet holder, wherein a freestanding portion of the nanofiber sheet not positioned between the first portion and second portion is suspended within a chamber defined by an interior surface of the nanofiber sheet holder. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the first portion and the second portion of the clamp are integral with the nanofiber sheet holder; and clamping the nanofiber sheet includes contemporaneously enclosing the nanofiber sheet within the nanofiber sheet holder. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising electrically grounding an interior of the nanofiber sheet holder via a conductive layer disposed on the interior surface of the nanofiber sheet holder. | Holders for nanofiber sheets that can reduce the probability of damage to a nanofiber sheet during transport, handling, or experimental preparation are described. These holders can improve the convenience with which nanofiber sheets can be manipulated. Holders generally include two features: an outer case and a clamp disposed within the outer case. The clamp, which can be embodied in any of a variety of ways, mounts to a peripheral edge at one or more locations on the nanofiber sheet. The nanofiber sheet is held fixed in place within the outer case and is suspended within the chamber defined by the outer case and the client.1. A nanofiber sheet holder comprising:
a first portion comprising:
a first body, an interior surface of the first body defining a first chamber;
a rim on the interior surface of the first body, the rim proximate to at least a portion of a perimeter of the first chamber:
a second portion comprising:
a second body, an interior surface of the second body defining a second chamber;
a support on the interior surface of the second body, the support proximate to at least a portion of a perimeter of the second chamber;
a nanofiber sheet in contact with at least one of the rim of the first portion and the support of the second portion; wherein:
the first portion and the second portion are configured to mount together at a joint; and
the rim and the support are configured to align with each other when the first portion and the second portion are mounted together, thus clamping a peripheral edge of the nanofiber sheet therebetween. 2. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 1, further comprising a conductive layer on at least one of the interior surface of the first body, the interior surface of the second body, the rim, and the support. 3. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 1, wherein the rim and the support are configured to contact one another without the nanofiber sheet therebetween when the first portion and the second portion are mounted together. 4. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 3, wherein contact between the rim and the support without the nanofiber sheet therebetween comprises an interference fit. 5. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 3, further comprising a freestanding portion of the nanofiber sheet within the peripheral edge, the freestanding portion supporting its own weight within the nanofiber sheet holder when the peripheral edge is clamped between the rim and the support. 6. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 5, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber form a combined chamber when the first portion and the second portion are mounted together, the freestanding portion of the nanofiber sheet disposed within the combined chamber. 7. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 1, wherein the rim and the support are integral with the first portion and the second portion, respectively. 8. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 1, wherein the rim and the support are continuous around the perimeter of the first chamber and the perimeter of the second chamber, respectively. 9. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 8, wherein the rim and the support together comprise a removable frame that can be removed from at least one of the first body and the second body. 10. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 9, further comprising a freestanding portion of the nanofiber sheet within the peripheral edge, the freestanding portion supporting its own weight within the nanofiber sheet holder when the peripheral edge is clamped between the rim and the support. 11. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 10, wherein the removable frame and the nanofiber sheet are removable as a unit from the first portion and the second portion. 12. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 1, further comprising a first spacer on the interior surface of the first body, the first spacer proximate to at least a portion of a perimeter of the first chamber and a second spacer on the interior surface of the second body, the second spacer proximate to at least a portion of a perimeter of the second chamber, wherein the first spacer and the second spacer are O-rings. 13. A nanofiber sheet holder comprising:
a first portion comprising a first body, an interior surface of the first body defining a first chamber; a second portion comprising:
a second body, an interior surface of the second body defining a second chamber;
a magnet connected to the interior surface of the second body within the second chamber; and
a nanofiber sheet on the magnet, the nanofiber sheet comprising a magnetic material, wherein the first portion and the second portion are configured to mount together at a joint. 14. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 13, wherein the nanofiber sheet further includes a layer of metal between the magnetic material and nanofibers of the nanofiber sheet. 15. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 13, wherein the magnetic material on the nanofiber sheet is iron. 16. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 13, further comprising a substrate between the nanofiber sheet and the magnet. 17. The nanofiber sheet holder of claim 13, further comprising a frame within the second chamber configured to support at least a portion of the nanofiber sheet on the magnet. 18. A method for securing a nanofiber sheet comprising:
clamping a nanofiber sheet between a first portion of a clamp and a second portion of the clamp by placing a first portion and a second portion in contact with at least some of a peripheral edge of the nanofiber sheet; and enclosing the nanofiber sheet, the first portion of the clamp, and the second portion of the clamp within a nanofiber sheet holder, the nanofiber sheet holder separating the nanofiber sheet from an environment surrounding the nanofiber sheet holder, wherein a freestanding portion of the nanofiber sheet not positioned between the first portion and second portion is suspended within a chamber defined by an interior surface of the nanofiber sheet holder. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the first portion and the second portion of the clamp are integral with the nanofiber sheet holder; and clamping the nanofiber sheet includes contemporaneously enclosing the nanofiber sheet within the nanofiber sheet holder. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising electrically grounding an interior of the nanofiber sheet holder via a conductive layer disposed on the interior surface of the nanofiber sheet holder. | 2,600 |
346,261 | 16,804,677 | 2,687 | Self-puncturing liquid drug cartridges and an associated inhaler are used to deliver one or more separate doses of an aerosolized liquid drug. A cartridge includes a needle assembly coupled to a drug container. The needle assembly includes a hollow needle and is reconfigurable from a first configuration to a second configuration upon insertion of the cartridge into the inhaler. In the first configuration, the hollow needle does not extend into the container. In the second configuration, the hollow needle extends into the container. The inhaler includes an aerosol generator that includes a vibratable membrane that aerosolizes liquid drug ejected from the cartridge for inhalation by a patient. | 1. A liquid drug cartridge, comprising:
a container configured to store a liquid drug; a septum configured to seal a first end of the container; and a needle assembly comprising a cap, a guide element and a hollow needle, wherein the needle assembly is reconfigurable between a first configuration in which the hollow needle does not extend through the septum and a second configuration in which the hollow needle extends through the septum, wherein the cap is coupled to the first end of the container, wherein the hollow needle is mounted to the guide element; and wherein the guide element defines a receptacle that slidingly receives and interfaces with the cap and a portion of the container. 2. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, further comprising a piston sealing a second end of the container, wherein the piston is repositionable relative to the container so as to selectively eject a volume of the liquid drug from the container via the hollow needle. 3. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, wherein a distal end of the hollow needle from which the liquid drug is ejected protrudes from a distal end surface of the guide element by a predetermined distance. 4. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 3, further comprising a removable cap configured to interface with the needle assembly and enclose the distal end of the hollow needle. 5. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, wherein the hollow needle is coated to inhibit microbial ingress into the container. 6. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, further comprising a filter configured to inhibit microbial ingress into the container. 7. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, wherein the container is configured to contain doses of medication that can be delivered from the container in individual doses. 8. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, wherein:
the needle assembly comprises a spring element; and the spring element is configured to bias the needle assembly into the first configuration in the absence of induced displacement of the container relative to the guide element. 9. An aerosolization system, comprising:
a liquid drug cartridge comprising:
a container configured to store a liquid drug;
a septum configured to seal a first end of the container;
a needle assembly comprising a cap, a guide element and a hollow needle; and
a piston sealing a second end of the container,
wherein the piston is repositionable relative to the container so as to selectively eject a volume of the liquid drug from the container via the hollow needle,
wherein the needle assembly is reconfigurable between a first configuration in which the hollow needle does not extend through the septum and a second configuration in which the hollow needle extends through the septum,
wherein the cap is coupled to the first end of the container,
wherein the hollow needle is mounted to the guide element; and
wherein the guide element defines a receptacle that slidingly receives and interfaces with the cap and a portion of the container;
a housing defining a mouthpiece, the housing including a receptacle configured to at least partially receive the liquid drug cartridge and interface with the needle assembly such that the needle assembly is reconfigured from the first configuration to the second configuration during an insertion of the liquid drug cartridge into the receptacle; an aerosol generator disposed in the housing and including a vibratable membrane having a front face and a rear face, and a piezoelectric element used to vibrate the vibratable membrane; an actuator configured to reposition the piston relative to the container to dispense a dosage of the liquid drug via the hollow needle to the rear face of the vibratable membrane. 10. The aerosolization system of claim 9, wherein the housing further includes:
a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the front face of the vibratable membrane and the mouthpiece; and one or more air inlets in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and configured to inlet air into the mixing chamber in response to a user inhaling via the mouthpiece. 11. The aerosolization system of claim 10, further comprising an air flow restrictor array having greater resistance to air flow than the one or more air inlets and placing the mixing chamber in fluid communication with the one or more air inlets. 12. The aerosolization system of claim 11, wherein air flowing through the mixing chamber in response to the user inhaling via the mouthpiece is laminar and surrounds a dosage of the liquid drug aerosolized via the vibratable membrane so as to inhibit contact between the aerosolized liquid drug and surrounding surfaces of the mixing chamber. 13. The aerosolization system of claim 11, further comprising a pressure port connected to a pressure sensing system configured to detect inhalation by the user. 14. The aerosolization system of claim 11, wherein the air flow restrictor array comprises a plurality of orifices disposed in an annular arrangement. 15. The aerosolization system of claim 9, further comprising:
one or more processors; and a tangible memory storing non-transitory instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to control the actuator to reposition the piston relative to the container until a drop of the liquid drug is ejected from the hollow needle. 16. The aerosolization system of claim 9, wherein the receptacle is configured such that the liquid drug cartridge cannot be inserted into the receptacle until a removable cap is removed from the liquid drug cartridge. 17. The aerosolization system of claim 9, wherein the vibratable membrane is coupled with the housing via elastomeric isolators. 18. The aerosolization system of claim 9, further comprising an ultraviolet light configured to provide microbial control between doses. 19. The aerosolization system of claim 9, wherein:
the housing forms a pressurizable vessel; and the actuator pressurizes the pressurizable vessel to reposition the piston relative to the container to dispense a dosage of the liquid drug via the hollow needle to the rear face of the vibratable membrane. 20. The aerosolization system of claim 9, wherein the actuator mechanically displaces the piston relative to the container so as to dispense a predetermined desired amount of the liquid drug via the hollow needle. | Self-puncturing liquid drug cartridges and an associated inhaler are used to deliver one or more separate doses of an aerosolized liquid drug. A cartridge includes a needle assembly coupled to a drug container. The needle assembly includes a hollow needle and is reconfigurable from a first configuration to a second configuration upon insertion of the cartridge into the inhaler. In the first configuration, the hollow needle does not extend into the container. In the second configuration, the hollow needle extends into the container. The inhaler includes an aerosol generator that includes a vibratable membrane that aerosolizes liquid drug ejected from the cartridge for inhalation by a patient.1. A liquid drug cartridge, comprising:
a container configured to store a liquid drug; a septum configured to seal a first end of the container; and a needle assembly comprising a cap, a guide element and a hollow needle, wherein the needle assembly is reconfigurable between a first configuration in which the hollow needle does not extend through the septum and a second configuration in which the hollow needle extends through the septum, wherein the cap is coupled to the first end of the container, wherein the hollow needle is mounted to the guide element; and wherein the guide element defines a receptacle that slidingly receives and interfaces with the cap and a portion of the container. 2. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, further comprising a piston sealing a second end of the container, wherein the piston is repositionable relative to the container so as to selectively eject a volume of the liquid drug from the container via the hollow needle. 3. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, wherein a distal end of the hollow needle from which the liquid drug is ejected protrudes from a distal end surface of the guide element by a predetermined distance. 4. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 3, further comprising a removable cap configured to interface with the needle assembly and enclose the distal end of the hollow needle. 5. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, wherein the hollow needle is coated to inhibit microbial ingress into the container. 6. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, further comprising a filter configured to inhibit microbial ingress into the container. 7. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, wherein the container is configured to contain doses of medication that can be delivered from the container in individual doses. 8. The liquid drug cartridge of claim 1, wherein:
the needle assembly comprises a spring element; and the spring element is configured to bias the needle assembly into the first configuration in the absence of induced displacement of the container relative to the guide element. 9. An aerosolization system, comprising:
a liquid drug cartridge comprising:
a container configured to store a liquid drug;
a septum configured to seal a first end of the container;
a needle assembly comprising a cap, a guide element and a hollow needle; and
a piston sealing a second end of the container,
wherein the piston is repositionable relative to the container so as to selectively eject a volume of the liquid drug from the container via the hollow needle,
wherein the needle assembly is reconfigurable between a first configuration in which the hollow needle does not extend through the septum and a second configuration in which the hollow needle extends through the septum,
wherein the cap is coupled to the first end of the container,
wherein the hollow needle is mounted to the guide element; and
wherein the guide element defines a receptacle that slidingly receives and interfaces with the cap and a portion of the container;
a housing defining a mouthpiece, the housing including a receptacle configured to at least partially receive the liquid drug cartridge and interface with the needle assembly such that the needle assembly is reconfigured from the first configuration to the second configuration during an insertion of the liquid drug cartridge into the receptacle; an aerosol generator disposed in the housing and including a vibratable membrane having a front face and a rear face, and a piezoelectric element used to vibrate the vibratable membrane; an actuator configured to reposition the piston relative to the container to dispense a dosage of the liquid drug via the hollow needle to the rear face of the vibratable membrane. 10. The aerosolization system of claim 9, wherein the housing further includes:
a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the front face of the vibratable membrane and the mouthpiece; and one or more air inlets in fluid communication with the mixing chamber and configured to inlet air into the mixing chamber in response to a user inhaling via the mouthpiece. 11. The aerosolization system of claim 10, further comprising an air flow restrictor array having greater resistance to air flow than the one or more air inlets and placing the mixing chamber in fluid communication with the one or more air inlets. 12. The aerosolization system of claim 11, wherein air flowing through the mixing chamber in response to the user inhaling via the mouthpiece is laminar and surrounds a dosage of the liquid drug aerosolized via the vibratable membrane so as to inhibit contact between the aerosolized liquid drug and surrounding surfaces of the mixing chamber. 13. The aerosolization system of claim 11, further comprising a pressure port connected to a pressure sensing system configured to detect inhalation by the user. 14. The aerosolization system of claim 11, wherein the air flow restrictor array comprises a plurality of orifices disposed in an annular arrangement. 15. The aerosolization system of claim 9, further comprising:
one or more processors; and a tangible memory storing non-transitory instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to control the actuator to reposition the piston relative to the container until a drop of the liquid drug is ejected from the hollow needle. 16. The aerosolization system of claim 9, wherein the receptacle is configured such that the liquid drug cartridge cannot be inserted into the receptacle until a removable cap is removed from the liquid drug cartridge. 17. The aerosolization system of claim 9, wherein the vibratable membrane is coupled with the housing via elastomeric isolators. 18. The aerosolization system of claim 9, further comprising an ultraviolet light configured to provide microbial control between doses. 19. The aerosolization system of claim 9, wherein:
the housing forms a pressurizable vessel; and the actuator pressurizes the pressurizable vessel to reposition the piston relative to the container to dispense a dosage of the liquid drug via the hollow needle to the rear face of the vibratable membrane. 20. The aerosolization system of claim 9, wherein the actuator mechanically displaces the piston relative to the container so as to dispense a predetermined desired amount of the liquid drug via the hollow needle. | 2,600 |
346,262 | 16,804,700 | 2,687 | An integrated circuit having a plurality of field-effect transistors, wherein at least a proportion of the field-effect transistors implement a plurality of logic cells, a substrate, a well which is arranged in the substrate, and a supply circuit which is designed to connect the well to a supply potential, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors. | 1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a plurality of field-effect transistors, wherein at least a proportion of the field-effect transistors implement a plurality of logic cells; a substrate; a well arranged in the substrate; and a supply circuit, which is designed to connect the well to a supply potential, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors. 2. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a detection circuit, which is designed to monitor a potential of the well. 3. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the detection circuit is designed to check whether the potential of the well deviates from the supply potential by at least a predefined value and, in the event that the potential of the well deviates from the supply potential by at least said predefined value, to generate a trigger signal. 4. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the well is an n-well, the supply potential is a high supply potential, and the supply circuit is a pull-up circuit. 5. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the plurality of field-effect transistors comprise a plurality of p-channel transistors, which are arranged in the n-well. 6. The integrated circuit as claimed in one of claim 4, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more p-channel transistors. 7. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more of the p-channel transistors which are arranged in the n-well. 8. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the well is a p-well, the supply potential is a low supply potential, and the supply circuit is a pull-down circuit. 9. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circuit is configured as a CMOS circuit. 10. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors are equally dimensioned. 11. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors are identically dimensioned. 12. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by a field-effect transistor, which is connected between a supply terminal for the supply potential, and the gate of which is connected to another supply potential, which is complementary to the supply potential. 13. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by a series circuit of field-effect transistors, which is connected between a supply terminal for the supply potential, wherein the gates of the field-effect transistors are connected to another supply potential, which is complementary to the supply potential. 14. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the well is a well of a first doping type, and wherein the supply circuit is constituted by a field-effect transistor, which is connected between a supply terminal for the supply potential, and the gate of which is connected to a region of a second doping type, which is complementary to the first doping type. 15. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the well is of a first doping type, and wherein the supply circuit is constituted by a series circuit of field-effect transistors, which is connected between a supply terminal for the supply potential, wherein the gates of the field-effect transistors are connected to a region of a second doping type, which is complementary to the first doping type. 16. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 14, wherein the first doping type is an n-doping and the second doping type is a p-doping, or wherein the first doping type is a p-doping and the second doping type is an n-doping. 17. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 14, wherein the region is another well or the substrate. 18. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of wells of the same doping type, which are isolated from one another, and each of which comprises a supply circuit which is designed to connect the well to the supply potential, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors. 19. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors, wherein the one or more field-effect transistors which constitute the supply circuit are arranged in the well, in the substrate or in another well, and are surrounded by a plurality of further field-effect transistors, which implement the logic cells and are arranged in the well, in the substrate or in the other well. | An integrated circuit having a plurality of field-effect transistors, wherein at least a proportion of the field-effect transistors implement a plurality of logic cells, a substrate, a well which is arranged in the substrate, and a supply circuit which is designed to connect the well to a supply potential, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors.1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a plurality of field-effect transistors, wherein at least a proportion of the field-effect transistors implement a plurality of logic cells; a substrate; a well arranged in the substrate; and a supply circuit, which is designed to connect the well to a supply potential, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors. 2. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a detection circuit, which is designed to monitor a potential of the well. 3. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the detection circuit is designed to check whether the potential of the well deviates from the supply potential by at least a predefined value and, in the event that the potential of the well deviates from the supply potential by at least said predefined value, to generate a trigger signal. 4. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the well is an n-well, the supply potential is a high supply potential, and the supply circuit is a pull-up circuit. 5. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the plurality of field-effect transistors comprise a plurality of p-channel transistors, which are arranged in the n-well. 6. The integrated circuit as claimed in one of claim 4, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more p-channel transistors. 7. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more of the p-channel transistors which are arranged in the n-well. 8. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the well is a p-well, the supply potential is a low supply potential, and the supply circuit is a pull-down circuit. 9. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the circuit is configured as a CMOS circuit. 10. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors are equally dimensioned. 11. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors are identically dimensioned. 12. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by a field-effect transistor, which is connected between a supply terminal for the supply potential, and the gate of which is connected to another supply potential, which is complementary to the supply potential. 13. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by a series circuit of field-effect transistors, which is connected between a supply terminal for the supply potential, wherein the gates of the field-effect transistors are connected to another supply potential, which is complementary to the supply potential. 14. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the well is a well of a first doping type, and wherein the supply circuit is constituted by a field-effect transistor, which is connected between a supply terminal for the supply potential, and the gate of which is connected to a region of a second doping type, which is complementary to the first doping type. 15. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the well is of a first doping type, and wherein the supply circuit is constituted by a series circuit of field-effect transistors, which is connected between a supply terminal for the supply potential, wherein the gates of the field-effect transistors are connected to a region of a second doping type, which is complementary to the first doping type. 16. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 14, wherein the first doping type is an n-doping and the second doping type is a p-doping, or wherein the first doping type is a p-doping and the second doping type is an n-doping. 17. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 14, wherein the region is another well or the substrate. 18. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of wells of the same doping type, which are isolated from one another, and each of which comprises a supply circuit which is designed to connect the well to the supply potential, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors. 19. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supply circuit is constituted by one or more field-effect transistors of the plurality of field-effect transistors, wherein the one or more field-effect transistors which constitute the supply circuit are arranged in the well, in the substrate or in another well, and are surrounded by a plurality of further field-effect transistors, which implement the logic cells and are arranged in the well, in the substrate or in the other well. | 2,600 |
346,263 | 16,804,707 | 3,783 | This invention comprises an improved electroporation electrode system comprising a single needle and a ring or donut shaped electrode wherein the difference in surface area of the electrodes provide for a substantial reduction of current density near the surface of the treated tissue and a more concentrated current density sufficient for electroporation only in tissues adjacent to the terminal portion of the single needle electrode. Thus, this invention provides for targeting specific tissue for electroporation and also should provide for lessening the sensation of electric current in the treated tissue. | 1. An electroporation device for delivering a molecule into cells of tissue, the electroporation device comprising:
an electrical power source configured to deliver a pulse of energy; a housing; and an elongate needle electrode extending from the housing and in electrical communication with the electrical power source, the needle electrode having a proximal end and a distal end configured to pierce tissue, the needle electrode having a nonconductive portion and a conductive portion configured to deliver the pulse of energy to the tissue, the nonconductive portion being located between the proximal and distal ends, wherein the needle electrode defines a plurality of apertures that are positioned on the conductive portion such that there are between approximately 10 and approximately 100 apertures per centimeter of length of the conductive portion, and the apertures are spaced around an entire circumference of the conductive portion and have a diameter in a range of 30 microns to 80 microns, wherein the aperture positioning, spacing, and diameters are configured to provide even distribution of an injection fluid over an entire length of the conductive portion. 2. The electroporation device of claim 1, wherein the nonconductive portion is spaced from the distal end at a distance between 0.1 cm and about 2.5 cm. | This invention comprises an improved electroporation electrode system comprising a single needle and a ring or donut shaped electrode wherein the difference in surface area of the electrodes provide for a substantial reduction of current density near the surface of the treated tissue and a more concentrated current density sufficient for electroporation only in tissues adjacent to the terminal portion of the single needle electrode. Thus, this invention provides for targeting specific tissue for electroporation and also should provide for lessening the sensation of electric current in the treated tissue.1. An electroporation device for delivering a molecule into cells of tissue, the electroporation device comprising:
an electrical power source configured to deliver a pulse of energy; a housing; and an elongate needle electrode extending from the housing and in electrical communication with the electrical power source, the needle electrode having a proximal end and a distal end configured to pierce tissue, the needle electrode having a nonconductive portion and a conductive portion configured to deliver the pulse of energy to the tissue, the nonconductive portion being located between the proximal and distal ends, wherein the needle electrode defines a plurality of apertures that are positioned on the conductive portion such that there are between approximately 10 and approximately 100 apertures per centimeter of length of the conductive portion, and the apertures are spaced around an entire circumference of the conductive portion and have a diameter in a range of 30 microns to 80 microns, wherein the aperture positioning, spacing, and diameters are configured to provide even distribution of an injection fluid over an entire length of the conductive portion. 2. The electroporation device of claim 1, wherein the nonconductive portion is spaced from the distal end at a distance between 0.1 cm and about 2.5 cm. | 3,700 |
346,264 | 16,804,684 | 3,783 | Disclosed is a clutch control reference value setting method including generating a current-hydraulic pressure model, setting a temporary VKP to a current causing a maximum difference between a model hydraulic pressure and a measured hydraulic pressure, determining that the temporary VKP is valid when a deflection amount calculated from a difference integral value acquired by integrating differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while increasing the current is greater than a first reference value under a condition that the first target pressure is applied to the clutch, determining that the temporary VKP is appropriate when a deflection amount calculated from a difference integral value acquired by integrating differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while increasing the current is proper under a condition that a second target pressure is applied to the clutch. | 1. A clutch control reference value setting method comprising:
generating a current-hydraulic pressure model using a slope of a hydraulic pressure applied to a clutch, measured while a controller applies a current to a solenoid valve; setting a temporary VKP to a current causing a maximum difference between a model hydraulic pressure due to the current-hydraulic pressure model and a measured hydraulic pressure; determining validity by setting a pressure lower than a temporary VKP pressure, which is a model hydraulic pressure at the temporary VKP, by a designated deduction rate, to a first target pressure and determining that the temporary VKP is valid when a deflection amount calculated from a difference integral value acquired by integrating differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while increasing the current is greater than a designated first reference value under a condition that the first target pressure is applied to the clutch; determining appropriateness by setting the temporary VKP pressure determined to be valid to a second target pressure and determining that the temporary VKP is appropriate when a deflection amount calculated from a difference integral value acquired by integrating differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while increasing the current is greater than a designated second reference value and is less than a designated third reference value under a condition that the second pressure is applied to the clutch; and updating a VKP with the temporary VKP determined to be appropriate. 2. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein, in the generating the current-hydraulic pressure model, the current-hydraulic pressure model is generated by acquiring a slope of the measured hydraulic pressure according to a current increase by applying a first ramp current, which is gradually increased until the measured hydraulic pressure measured by a hydraulic pressure sensor reaches a designated first reference hydraulic pressure, to the solenoid valve. 3. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein, in the setting the temporary VKP, the temporary VKP is set to the current causing the maximum difference between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure by calculating differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure by applying a second ramp current which is gradually increased until the measured hydraulic pressure measured by a hydraulic pressure sensor reaches a designated second reference hydraulic pressure. 4. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein, in the determining the validity, when the deflection amount is the first reference value or less, the validity of the temporary VKP is ensured by updating the temporary VKP pressure with a new temporary VKP pressure, acquired by decreasing the temporary VKP pressure by the deduction rate, setting the first target pressure using the updated temporary VKP pressure and repeatedly performing the determination of the validity. 5. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the validity comprises:
calculating the difference integral value by integrating the differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while applying a third ramp current until the measured hydraulic pressure reaches a designated fourth reference hydraulic pressure, from a state in which the current is applied to the solenoid valve to apply the first target pressure to the clutch; calculating an average error between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure in a region in which the measured hydraulic pressure is greater than a designated third reference hydraulic pressure, which is less than the fourth reference hydraulic pressure, and is the fourth reference hydraulic pressure or less; calculating an average error amount by multiplying the average error by an integral area with the difference integral value; and setting the deflection amount to a value acquired by subtracting the average error amount from the difference integral value. 6. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein, in the determining the appropriateness, when the deflection amount is the second reference value or less, the temporary VKP pressure is updated with a new temporary VKP pressure acquired by lowering the temporary VKP pressure by a designated correction pressure, the second target pressure is set using the updated temporary VKP pressure, and the determination of the appropriateness is repeatedly performed. 7. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 6, wherein, in the determining the appropriateness, when the deflection amount is the third reference value or more, the temporary VKP pressure is updated with a new temporary VKP pressure acquired by raising the temporary VKP pressure by a designated correction pressure, the second target pressure is set using the updated temporary VKP pressure, and the determination of the appropriateness is repeatedly performed. 8. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the appropriateness comprises:
calculating the difference integral value by integrating the differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while applying a fourth ramp current until the measured hydraulic pressure reaches a designated sixth reference hydraulic pressure, from a state in which the current is applied to the solenoid valve to apply the second target pressure to the clutch; calculating an average error between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure in a region in which the measured hydraulic pressure is greater than a designated fifth reference hydraulic pressure, which is less than the sixth reference hydraulic pressure, and is the sixth reference hydraulic pressure or less; calculating an average error amount by multiplying the average error by an integral area with the difference integral value; and setting the deflection amount to a value acquired by subtracting the average error amount from the difference integral value. | Disclosed is a clutch control reference value setting method including generating a current-hydraulic pressure model, setting a temporary VKP to a current causing a maximum difference between a model hydraulic pressure and a measured hydraulic pressure, determining that the temporary VKP is valid when a deflection amount calculated from a difference integral value acquired by integrating differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while increasing the current is greater than a first reference value under a condition that the first target pressure is applied to the clutch, determining that the temporary VKP is appropriate when a deflection amount calculated from a difference integral value acquired by integrating differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while increasing the current is proper under a condition that a second target pressure is applied to the clutch.1. A clutch control reference value setting method comprising:
generating a current-hydraulic pressure model using a slope of a hydraulic pressure applied to a clutch, measured while a controller applies a current to a solenoid valve; setting a temporary VKP to a current causing a maximum difference between a model hydraulic pressure due to the current-hydraulic pressure model and a measured hydraulic pressure; determining validity by setting a pressure lower than a temporary VKP pressure, which is a model hydraulic pressure at the temporary VKP, by a designated deduction rate, to a first target pressure and determining that the temporary VKP is valid when a deflection amount calculated from a difference integral value acquired by integrating differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while increasing the current is greater than a designated first reference value under a condition that the first target pressure is applied to the clutch; determining appropriateness by setting the temporary VKP pressure determined to be valid to a second target pressure and determining that the temporary VKP is appropriate when a deflection amount calculated from a difference integral value acquired by integrating differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while increasing the current is greater than a designated second reference value and is less than a designated third reference value under a condition that the second pressure is applied to the clutch; and updating a VKP with the temporary VKP determined to be appropriate. 2. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein, in the generating the current-hydraulic pressure model, the current-hydraulic pressure model is generated by acquiring a slope of the measured hydraulic pressure according to a current increase by applying a first ramp current, which is gradually increased until the measured hydraulic pressure measured by a hydraulic pressure sensor reaches a designated first reference hydraulic pressure, to the solenoid valve. 3. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein, in the setting the temporary VKP, the temporary VKP is set to the current causing the maximum difference between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure by calculating differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure by applying a second ramp current which is gradually increased until the measured hydraulic pressure measured by a hydraulic pressure sensor reaches a designated second reference hydraulic pressure. 4. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein, in the determining the validity, when the deflection amount is the first reference value or less, the validity of the temporary VKP is ensured by updating the temporary VKP pressure with a new temporary VKP pressure, acquired by decreasing the temporary VKP pressure by the deduction rate, setting the first target pressure using the updated temporary VKP pressure and repeatedly performing the determination of the validity. 5. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the validity comprises:
calculating the difference integral value by integrating the differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while applying a third ramp current until the measured hydraulic pressure reaches a designated fourth reference hydraulic pressure, from a state in which the current is applied to the solenoid valve to apply the first target pressure to the clutch; calculating an average error between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure in a region in which the measured hydraulic pressure is greater than a designated third reference hydraulic pressure, which is less than the fourth reference hydraulic pressure, and is the fourth reference hydraulic pressure or less; calculating an average error amount by multiplying the average error by an integral area with the difference integral value; and setting the deflection amount to a value acquired by subtracting the average error amount from the difference integral value. 6. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein, in the determining the appropriateness, when the deflection amount is the second reference value or less, the temporary VKP pressure is updated with a new temporary VKP pressure acquired by lowering the temporary VKP pressure by a designated correction pressure, the second target pressure is set using the updated temporary VKP pressure, and the determination of the appropriateness is repeatedly performed. 7. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 6, wherein, in the determining the appropriateness, when the deflection amount is the third reference value or more, the temporary VKP pressure is updated with a new temporary VKP pressure acquired by raising the temporary VKP pressure by a designated correction pressure, the second target pressure is set using the updated temporary VKP pressure, and the determination of the appropriateness is repeatedly performed. 8. The clutch control reference value setting method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the appropriateness comprises:
calculating the difference integral value by integrating the differences between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure while applying a fourth ramp current until the measured hydraulic pressure reaches a designated sixth reference hydraulic pressure, from a state in which the current is applied to the solenoid valve to apply the second target pressure to the clutch; calculating an average error between the model hydraulic pressure and the measured hydraulic pressure in a region in which the measured hydraulic pressure is greater than a designated fifth reference hydraulic pressure, which is less than the sixth reference hydraulic pressure, and is the sixth reference hydraulic pressure or less; calculating an average error amount by multiplying the average error by an integral area with the difference integral value; and setting the deflection amount to a value acquired by subtracting the average error amount from the difference integral value. | 3,700 |
346,265 | 16,804,679 | 3,783 | An object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin, from which a laminate including a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer and a biodegradable resin layer, having little roughness at an adhesive layer interface between the two layers, and excellent in both appearance and adhesiveness can be obtained. The present invention relates to a biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin having an acid value of 2.0 mg·KOH/g to 6.5 mg·KOH/g. | 1. A biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin, having an acid value of 2.0 mg·KOH/g to 6.5 mg·KOH/g. 2. The biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin according to claim 1, comprising at least one structural unit selected from the structural units represented by the following general formulae (1) to (3): 3. The biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin according to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin is formed by graft polymerization of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof to a biodegradable polyester resin. 4. The biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin according to claim 2, comprising at least one structural unit selected from the structural units represented by the above general formulae (1) to (3) in a total amount of 50% by mole or more. 5. A laminate comprising at least one layer containing the biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin according to claim 1. 6. A laminate comprising: a polyvinyl alcohol resin (B) layer; a biodegradable resin (C) layer; and an adhesive layer between the above two layers,
wherein the adhesive layer contains the biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin according to claim 1. | An object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin, from which a laminate including a polyvinyl alcohol resin layer and a biodegradable resin layer, having little roughness at an adhesive layer interface between the two layers, and excellent in both appearance and adhesiveness can be obtained. The present invention relates to a biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin having an acid value of 2.0 mg·KOH/g to 6.5 mg·KOH/g.1. A biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin, having an acid value of 2.0 mg·KOH/g to 6.5 mg·KOH/g. 2. The biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin according to claim 1, comprising at least one structural unit selected from the structural units represented by the following general formulae (1) to (3): 3. The biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin according to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin is formed by graft polymerization of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof to a biodegradable polyester resin. 4. The biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin according to claim 2, comprising at least one structural unit selected from the structural units represented by the above general formulae (1) to (3) in a total amount of 50% by mole or more. 5. A laminate comprising at least one layer containing the biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin according to claim 1. 6. A laminate comprising: a polyvinyl alcohol resin (B) layer; a biodegradable resin (C) layer; and an adhesive layer between the above two layers,
wherein the adhesive layer contains the biodegradable acid-modified polyester resin according to claim 1. | 3,700 |
346,266 | 16,804,694 | 3,783 | A process trace updating method, system, and computer program product include retrieving, by a computing device, one or more historical executions of a process, receiving, by the computing device, a proposed incremental change, with regard to the process, for a proposed process, updating, by the computing device, the historical execution to build a machine learning model, and generating, by the computing device, a decision and a prediction about execution of the proposed process based upon the machine-learning model. | 1. A computer-implemented process trace updating method, the method comprising:
retrieving, by a computing device, a historical execution of a process that is represented as a trace of the process when changes to a decision problem has occurred that render available data of the trace as invalid; receiving, by the computing device, a proposed incremental change, with regard to the process, for a proposed process; updating, by the computing device, the historical execution to build a machine learning model that uses the proposed incremental change to generate a valid trace of the process by starting a portion of the trace that is invalid; and generating, by the computing device, a decision and a prediction about execution of the proposed process based upon the machine-learning model and based on a simulated execution of a part of the proposed process. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine-learning model extends the historical execution of the process to model the proposed process by:
identifying a subset of valid traces from the historical execution of the process; and augmenting the valid traces. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the augmented valid traces are used as training data to improve the machine-learning model. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the identifying identifies the subset of valid traces by:
marking all nodes and edges in the historical execution of the process that are affected by the proposed incremental change; and filtering the valid traces in the proposed process to produce a proposed trace by eliminating all traces from the valid traces that include a node or an edge that was marked in the historical execution of the process. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the augmenting augments the valid traces by:
identifying a corresponding subset of invalid traces; identifying for every subset of invalid traces the valid prefix trace segments and the valid suffix segments, and, determining a longest of the valid prefix trace segment; and setting the longest of the valid trace segment as a starting point for a new trace for the proposed process. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein for each starting point of a new trace for the proposed process is augmented by:
speculatively adding reachable nodes in the proposed process to the segment until the entry node of a valid trace suffix is reached; and appending the reached valid trace suffix to the last speculatively added node to form a trace for the proposed process. 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. 9. A computer program product, the computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform:
retrieving, by a computing device, a historical execution of a process that is represented as a trace of the process when changes to a decision problem has occurred that render available data of the trace as invalid; receiving, by the computing device, a proposed incremental change, with regard to the process, for a proposed process; updating, by the computing device, the historical execution to build a machine learning model that uses the proposed incremental change to generate a valid trace of the process by starting a portion of the trace that is invalid; and generating, by the computing device, a decision and a prediction about execution of the proposed process based upon the machine-learning model and based on a future execution of a part of the proposed process. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the machine-learning model extends the historical execution of the process to model the proposed process by:
identifying a subset of valid traces from the historical execution of the process; and augmenting the valid traces. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the augmented valid traces are used as training data to improve the machine-learning model. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the identifying identifies the subset of valid traces by:
marking all nodes and edges in the historical execution of the process that are affected by the proposed incremental change; and filtering the valid traces in the proposed process to produce a proposed trace by eliminating all traces from the valid traces that include a node or an edge that was marked in the historical execution of the process. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the augmenting augments the valid traces by:
identifying a corresponding subset of invalid traces; identifying for every subset of invalid traces the valid prefix trace segments and the valid suffix segments, and, determining a longest of the valid prefix trace segment; and setting the longest of the valid trace segment as a starting point for a new trace for the proposed process. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein for each starting point of a new trace for the proposed process is augmented by:
speculatively adding reachable nodes in the proposed process to the segment until the entry node of a valid trace suffix is reached; and appending the reached valid trace suffix to the last speculatively added node to form a trace for the proposed process. 15. (canceled) 16. A process trace updating system, the system comprising:
a processor; and a memory, the memory storing instructions to cause the processor to perform:
retrieving, by a computing device, a historical execution of a process that is represented as a trace of the process when changes to a decision problem has occurred that render available data of the trace as invalid;
receiving, by the computing device, a proposed incremental change, with regard to the process, for a proposed process;
updating, by the computing device, the historical execution to build a machine learning model that uses the proposed incremental change to generate a valid trace of the process by starting a portion of the trace that is invalid; and
generating, by the computing device, a decision and a prediction about execution of the proposed process based upon the machine-learning model and based on a future execution of a part of the proposed process. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the machine-learning model extends the historical execution of the process to model the proposed process by:
identifying a subset of valid traces from the historical execution of the process; and augmenting the valid traces. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the augmented valid traces are used as training data to improve the machine-learning model. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the identifying identifies the subset of valid traces by:
marking all nodes and edges in the historical execution of the process that are affected by the proposed incremental change; and filtering the valid traces in the proposed process to produce a proposed trace by eliminating all traces from the valid traces that include a node or an edge that was marked in the historical execution of the process. 20. The system of claim 16, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the computer-implemented process trace updating method interacts with a cloud computing environment server, and
wherein the computing device includes a cloud on-demand self-service that communicates with the cloud computing environment server. | A process trace updating method, system, and computer program product include retrieving, by a computing device, one or more historical executions of a process, receiving, by the computing device, a proposed incremental change, with regard to the process, for a proposed process, updating, by the computing device, the historical execution to build a machine learning model, and generating, by the computing device, a decision and a prediction about execution of the proposed process based upon the machine-learning model.1. A computer-implemented process trace updating method, the method comprising:
retrieving, by a computing device, a historical execution of a process that is represented as a trace of the process when changes to a decision problem has occurred that render available data of the trace as invalid; receiving, by the computing device, a proposed incremental change, with regard to the process, for a proposed process; updating, by the computing device, the historical execution to build a machine learning model that uses the proposed incremental change to generate a valid trace of the process by starting a portion of the trace that is invalid; and generating, by the computing device, a decision and a prediction about execution of the proposed process based upon the machine-learning model and based on a simulated execution of a part of the proposed process. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the machine-learning model extends the historical execution of the process to model the proposed process by:
identifying a subset of valid traces from the historical execution of the process; and augmenting the valid traces. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the augmented valid traces are used as training data to improve the machine-learning model. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the identifying identifies the subset of valid traces by:
marking all nodes and edges in the historical execution of the process that are affected by the proposed incremental change; and filtering the valid traces in the proposed process to produce a proposed trace by eliminating all traces from the valid traces that include a node or an edge that was marked in the historical execution of the process. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the augmenting augments the valid traces by:
identifying a corresponding subset of invalid traces; identifying for every subset of invalid traces the valid prefix trace segments and the valid suffix segments, and, determining a longest of the valid prefix trace segment; and setting the longest of the valid trace segment as a starting point for a new trace for the proposed process. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein for each starting point of a new trace for the proposed process is augmented by:
speculatively adding reachable nodes in the proposed process to the segment until the entry node of a valid trace suffix is reached; and appending the reached valid trace suffix to the last speculatively added node to form a trace for the proposed process. 7. (canceled) 8. The method of claim 1, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. 9. A computer program product, the computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform:
retrieving, by a computing device, a historical execution of a process that is represented as a trace of the process when changes to a decision problem has occurred that render available data of the trace as invalid; receiving, by the computing device, a proposed incremental change, with regard to the process, for a proposed process; updating, by the computing device, the historical execution to build a machine learning model that uses the proposed incremental change to generate a valid trace of the process by starting a portion of the trace that is invalid; and generating, by the computing device, a decision and a prediction about execution of the proposed process based upon the machine-learning model and based on a future execution of a part of the proposed process. 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein the machine-learning model extends the historical execution of the process to model the proposed process by:
identifying a subset of valid traces from the historical execution of the process; and augmenting the valid traces. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the augmented valid traces are used as training data to improve the machine-learning model. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the identifying identifies the subset of valid traces by:
marking all nodes and edges in the historical execution of the process that are affected by the proposed incremental change; and filtering the valid traces in the proposed process to produce a proposed trace by eliminating all traces from the valid traces that include a node or an edge that was marked in the historical execution of the process. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the augmenting augments the valid traces by:
identifying a corresponding subset of invalid traces; identifying for every subset of invalid traces the valid prefix trace segments and the valid suffix segments, and, determining a longest of the valid prefix trace segment; and setting the longest of the valid trace segment as a starting point for a new trace for the proposed process. 14. The computer program product of claim 13, wherein for each starting point of a new trace for the proposed process is augmented by:
speculatively adding reachable nodes in the proposed process to the segment until the entry node of a valid trace suffix is reached; and appending the reached valid trace suffix to the last speculatively added node to form a trace for the proposed process. 15. (canceled) 16. A process trace updating system, the system comprising:
a processor; and a memory, the memory storing instructions to cause the processor to perform:
retrieving, by a computing device, a historical execution of a process that is represented as a trace of the process when changes to a decision problem has occurred that render available data of the trace as invalid;
receiving, by the computing device, a proposed incremental change, with regard to the process, for a proposed process;
updating, by the computing device, the historical execution to build a machine learning model that uses the proposed incremental change to generate a valid trace of the process by starting a portion of the trace that is invalid; and
generating, by the computing device, a decision and a prediction about execution of the proposed process based upon the machine-learning model and based on a future execution of a part of the proposed process. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the machine-learning model extends the historical execution of the process to model the proposed process by:
identifying a subset of valid traces from the historical execution of the process; and augmenting the valid traces. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the augmented valid traces are used as training data to improve the machine-learning model. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the identifying identifies the subset of valid traces by:
marking all nodes and edges in the historical execution of the process that are affected by the proposed incremental change; and filtering the valid traces in the proposed process to produce a proposed trace by eliminating all traces from the valid traces that include a node or an edge that was marked in the historical execution of the process. 20. The system of claim 16, embodied in a cloud-computing environment. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the computer-implemented process trace updating method interacts with a cloud computing environment server, and
wherein the computing device includes a cloud on-demand self-service that communicates with the cloud computing environment server. | 3,700 |
346,267 | 16,804,678 | 3,783 | A dead time estimation device capable of accurately estimating a dead time in a control system is provided. A dead time estimation device 6 includes a dead time calculation section 64 configured to obtain a dead time L{circumflex over ( )}′1 with which an evaluation function J in Equation (1) is at minimum | 1. A dead time estimation device that estimates a dead time in a control target, the dead time estimation device comprising:
a dead time calculation section configured to obtain a dead time L{circumflex over ( )}′1 with which an evaluation function J in Equation (1) is at minimum, wherein the dead time estimation device satisfies:
[Equation 6]
J=∫|Ĝ/e −{circumflex over (L)}′ 1 s −Ĝ′/df (1) 2. The dead time estimation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dead time initial value acquisition section configured to obtain a dead time initial value of the control target; and a frequency characteristic acquisition section configured to obtain the dead time element by using the dead time initial value and to obtain, as G{circumflex over ( )}/e−L{circumflex over ( )}′1s, a frequency characteristic of the element from which the dead time element is removed from the transfer function of the control target. 3. The dead time estimation device according to claim 2, wherein
the dead time calculation section obtains the dead time L{circumflex over ( )}′1 with which the evaluation function J is at minimum within a predetermined range with respect to the dead time initial value. 4. The dead time estimation device according to claim 2, further comprising
a transfer function acquisition section configured to input a signal to the control target and acquire a transfer function from a response result of the signal, wherein the dead time initial value acquisition section obtains the dead time initial value from a response signal obtained in a case of inputting a predetermined input signal to the control target having the transfer function acquired by the transfer function acquisition section. 5. The dead time estimation device according to claim 4, wherein
the dead time initial value acquisition section obtains, as the dead time initial value, a duration to when the response signal exceeds a predetermined threshold. 6. The dead time estimation device according to claim 4, wherein the predetermined input signal is a step signal. 7. A test device comprising:
a control target configured to apply a driving force to a test specimen; a control device configured to control the control target; and the dead time estimation device according to claim 1 configured to output an estimated dead time to the control device. | A dead time estimation device capable of accurately estimating a dead time in a control system is provided. A dead time estimation device 6 includes a dead time calculation section 64 configured to obtain a dead time L{circumflex over ( )}′1 with which an evaluation function J in Equation (1) is at minimum1. A dead time estimation device that estimates a dead time in a control target, the dead time estimation device comprising:
a dead time calculation section configured to obtain a dead time L{circumflex over ( )}′1 with which an evaluation function J in Equation (1) is at minimum, wherein the dead time estimation device satisfies:
[Equation 6]
J=∫|Ĝ/e −{circumflex over (L)}′ 1 s −Ĝ′/df (1) 2. The dead time estimation device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a dead time initial value acquisition section configured to obtain a dead time initial value of the control target; and a frequency characteristic acquisition section configured to obtain the dead time element by using the dead time initial value and to obtain, as G{circumflex over ( )}/e−L{circumflex over ( )}′1s, a frequency characteristic of the element from which the dead time element is removed from the transfer function of the control target. 3. The dead time estimation device according to claim 2, wherein
the dead time calculation section obtains the dead time L{circumflex over ( )}′1 with which the evaluation function J is at minimum within a predetermined range with respect to the dead time initial value. 4. The dead time estimation device according to claim 2, further comprising
a transfer function acquisition section configured to input a signal to the control target and acquire a transfer function from a response result of the signal, wherein the dead time initial value acquisition section obtains the dead time initial value from a response signal obtained in a case of inputting a predetermined input signal to the control target having the transfer function acquired by the transfer function acquisition section. 5. The dead time estimation device according to claim 4, wherein
the dead time initial value acquisition section obtains, as the dead time initial value, a duration to when the response signal exceeds a predetermined threshold. 6. The dead time estimation device according to claim 4, wherein the predetermined input signal is a step signal. 7. A test device comprising:
a control target configured to apply a driving force to a test specimen; a control device configured to control the control target; and the dead time estimation device according to claim 1 configured to output an estimated dead time to the control device. | 3,700 |
346,268 | 16,804,710 | 3,783 | Various methods and structures for fabricating a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure includes in a top layer of a semiconductor stack a semiconductor contact located according to a first horizontal pitch. A first metallization layer is disposed directly on the top layer and includes a metallization contact located according to a second horizontal pitch, the second horizontal pitch being different from the first horizontal pitch such that the location of the metallization contact is vertically mismatched from the location of the semiconductor contact. A second metallization layer is disposed directly on the first metallization layer. The second metallization layer includes a super viabar structure that forms an electrical interconnect, in the second metallization layer, between the semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack and the metallization contact in the first metallization layer. | 1. A method for fabricating an electrical contact in a BEOL metallization layer for a semiconductor structure, the method comprising:
providing a semiconductor stack disposed on a circuit supporting substrate, a top layer of the semiconductor stack including a semiconductor contact located in the top layer; and patterning a second BEOL metallization layer disposed directly on a first BEOL metallization layer including metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer such that a location of the metallization contact is vertically mismatched from the location of the semiconductor contact, followed by deposition of a metal fill material filling a via trench in the first BEOL metallization layer and the second BEOL metallization layer, to provide a super viabar structure that forms an electrical interconnect, in the second BEOL metallization layer, between the semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack and the metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer. 2. The method of claim 11, wherein the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer is a modular add-on electrical interconnect on top of the first BEOL metallization layer, for interconnecting the vertically mismatched metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer with the semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
perform via patterning in the second BEOL metallization layer to expose in a via trench a top surface of the metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer; perform selective deposition of conductive material on the exposed top surface of the metallization contact to form a metal cap on the exposed top surface of the metallization contact; perform trench etch in the via trench and in the first BEOL metallization layer to expose in the via trench a top surface of the semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack; and perform deposition of a metal fill material filling the via trench in the first BEOL metallization layer and the second BEOL metallization layer, to form the super via bar structure providing the electrical interconnect, in the second BEOL metallization layer, between the semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack and the metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
perform, before the deposition of the metal fill material filling the via trench in the first BEOL metallization layer and the second BEOL metallization layer, removal of the metal cap to expose in the via trench the top surface of the metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal cap being disposed directly on the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer, and the metal cap being interposed between the metallization contact and the electrical interconnect of the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal cap is made of a metal alloy. 7. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
thermally treating the metal cap to form a metal alloy in the metal cap. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises at least one metal selected from the following group: Tungsten, Cobalt, and Ruthenium; and
wherein the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Cobalt, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Cobalt. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises at least one metal selected from the following group: Tungsten, Cobalt, and Ruthenium; and
wherein the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises at least one metal selected from the following group: Tungsten, Cobalt, and Ruthenium; and
wherein the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium. 11. A semiconductor structure comprising:
a semiconductor stack disposed on a circuit supporting substrate, a top layer of the semiconductor stack including a semiconductor contact located in the top layer; a first BEOL metallization layer disposed directly on the top layer of the semiconductor stack, the first BEOL metallization layer including a metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer such that a location of the metallization contact is vertically mismatched from the location of the semiconductor contact; and a second BEOL metallization layer disposed directly on the first BEOL metallization layer, the second BEOL metallization layer including a super viabar structure that forms an electrical interconnect, in the second BEOL metallization layer, between the semiconductor contact and the metallization contact. 12. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor stack disposed on the circuit supporting substrate includes a plurality of electronic devices in a circuit disposed on the circuit supporting substrate, a first electronic device in the plurality of electronic devices comprising a first field-effect transistor (FET) and a second electronic device in the plurality of electronic devices comprising a second FET, the super viabar structure providing an electrical interconnect, in the second BEOL metallization layer, between the first FET and the second FET. 13. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer providing a modular add-on electrical interconnect on top of the first BEOL metallization layer, for interconnecting the vertically mismatched metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer with semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack. 14. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, further comprising:
a metal cap disposed directly on the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer, the metal cap being interposed between the metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer and the electrical interconnect of the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer. 15. The semiconductor structure of claim 14, wherein the metal cap is made of a metal alloy. 16. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises Tungsten, the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper. 17. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises Cobalt, the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper. 18. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the at least one semiconductor contact comprises Cobalt, the at least one metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Cobalt, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Cobalt. 19. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises Cobalt, the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium. 20. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises at least one metal selected from the following group: Tungsten, Cobalt, and Ruthenium; and
wherein the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium. | Various methods and structures for fabricating a semiconductor structure. The semiconductor structure includes in a top layer of a semiconductor stack a semiconductor contact located according to a first horizontal pitch. A first metallization layer is disposed directly on the top layer and includes a metallization contact located according to a second horizontal pitch, the second horizontal pitch being different from the first horizontal pitch such that the location of the metallization contact is vertically mismatched from the location of the semiconductor contact. A second metallization layer is disposed directly on the first metallization layer. The second metallization layer includes a super viabar structure that forms an electrical interconnect, in the second metallization layer, between the semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack and the metallization contact in the first metallization layer.1. A method for fabricating an electrical contact in a BEOL metallization layer for a semiconductor structure, the method comprising:
providing a semiconductor stack disposed on a circuit supporting substrate, a top layer of the semiconductor stack including a semiconductor contact located in the top layer; and patterning a second BEOL metallization layer disposed directly on a first BEOL metallization layer including metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer such that a location of the metallization contact is vertically mismatched from the location of the semiconductor contact, followed by deposition of a metal fill material filling a via trench in the first BEOL metallization layer and the second BEOL metallization layer, to provide a super viabar structure that forms an electrical interconnect, in the second BEOL metallization layer, between the semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack and the metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer. 2. The method of claim 11, wherein the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer is a modular add-on electrical interconnect on top of the first BEOL metallization layer, for interconnecting the vertically mismatched metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer with the semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
perform via patterning in the second BEOL metallization layer to expose in a via trench a top surface of the metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer; perform selective deposition of conductive material on the exposed top surface of the metallization contact to form a metal cap on the exposed top surface of the metallization contact; perform trench etch in the via trench and in the first BEOL metallization layer to expose in the via trench a top surface of the semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack; and perform deposition of a metal fill material filling the via trench in the first BEOL metallization layer and the second BEOL metallization layer, to form the super via bar structure providing the electrical interconnect, in the second BEOL metallization layer, between the semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack and the metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
perform, before the deposition of the metal fill material filling the via trench in the first BEOL metallization layer and the second BEOL metallization layer, removal of the metal cap to expose in the via trench the top surface of the metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal cap being disposed directly on the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer, and the metal cap being interposed between the metallization contact and the electrical interconnect of the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal cap is made of a metal alloy. 7. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
thermally treating the metal cap to form a metal alloy in the metal cap. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises at least one metal selected from the following group: Tungsten, Cobalt, and Ruthenium; and
wherein the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Cobalt, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Cobalt. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises at least one metal selected from the following group: Tungsten, Cobalt, and Ruthenium; and
wherein the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises at least one metal selected from the following group: Tungsten, Cobalt, and Ruthenium; and
wherein the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium. 11. A semiconductor structure comprising:
a semiconductor stack disposed on a circuit supporting substrate, a top layer of the semiconductor stack including a semiconductor contact located in the top layer; a first BEOL metallization layer disposed directly on the top layer of the semiconductor stack, the first BEOL metallization layer including a metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer such that a location of the metallization contact is vertically mismatched from the location of the semiconductor contact; and a second BEOL metallization layer disposed directly on the first BEOL metallization layer, the second BEOL metallization layer including a super viabar structure that forms an electrical interconnect, in the second BEOL metallization layer, between the semiconductor contact and the metallization contact. 12. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor stack disposed on the circuit supporting substrate includes a plurality of electronic devices in a circuit disposed on the circuit supporting substrate, a first electronic device in the plurality of electronic devices comprising a first field-effect transistor (FET) and a second electronic device in the plurality of electronic devices comprising a second FET, the super viabar structure providing an electrical interconnect, in the second BEOL metallization layer, between the first FET and the second FET. 13. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer providing a modular add-on electrical interconnect on top of the first BEOL metallization layer, for interconnecting the vertically mismatched metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer with semiconductor contact in the top layer of the semiconductor stack. 14. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, further comprising:
a metal cap disposed directly on the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer, the metal cap being interposed between the metallization contact in the first BEOL metallization layer and the electrical interconnect of the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer. 15. The semiconductor structure of claim 14, wherein the metal cap is made of a metal alloy. 16. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises Tungsten, the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper. 17. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises Cobalt, the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Copper. 18. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the at least one semiconductor contact comprises Cobalt, the at least one metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Cobalt, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Cobalt. 19. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises Cobalt, the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium. 20. The semiconductor structure of claim 11, wherein the semiconductor contact comprises at least one metal selected from the following group: Tungsten, Cobalt, and Ruthenium; and
wherein the metallization contact located in the first BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium, and the super viabar structure in the second BEOL metallization layer comprises Ruthenium. | 3,700 |
346,269 | 16,804,724 | 3,783 | The invention relates to a pressure and temperature measuring device having a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged with a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that can be coupled to the connector, wherein the measuring device also has a metal bulb that houses the temperature-sensitive element and a base with an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs that project from the base, and an axial seal positioned between the conduit and the orifice; with the base of the metal bulb facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice aligned to allow the passage of fluid, with the axial seal compressed axially. | 1. A pressure and temperature measuring device comprising
a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector that has terminals for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged, comprising a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that is coupled to the connector, wherein the device additionally comprises a metal bulb, where the temperature-sensitive element is housed, with the metal bulb comprising a base that has an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs, which project from the base, which extend outside the plastic body to couple to it, and an axial seal, positioned in correspondence with the conduit and the orifice, such that, when the device is mounted, the base of the metal bulb is facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice also aligned to allow the passage of fluid, and with the axial seal compressed axially. 2. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body comprises a recess in correspondence with the conduit, in which the axial seal is positioned. 3. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body has longitudinal notches on its outer periphery, through which the tabs pass, which allows simpler radial positioning of the base of the metal bulb such that the conduit and the orifice are aligned for the correct passage of the fluid. 4. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according claim 3, wherein the tabs have widths that are different from each other, in correspondence with different widths of the longitudinal notches of the plastic body, such that there is a single radial position in which the metal bulb is arranged on the plastic body by means of fitting of the tabs into the notches. 5. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the metal bulb is selected from among a series of metal bulbs of different lengths. 6. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the free ends of the tabs are bent over a plate that holds the pressure-sensitive element against the plastic body, making it possible to obtain a functional assembly. 7. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is incorporated into a printed circuit, which extends to the electronic circuit to which it connects. 8. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is connected to electrical wires that extend to the electronic circuit to which they connect. | The invention relates to a pressure and temperature measuring device having a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged with a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that can be coupled to the connector, wherein the measuring device also has a metal bulb that houses the temperature-sensitive element and a base with an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs that project from the base, and an axial seal positioned between the conduit and the orifice; with the base of the metal bulb facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice aligned to allow the passage of fluid, with the axial seal compressed axially.1. A pressure and temperature measuring device comprising
a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector that has terminals for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged, comprising a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that is coupled to the connector, wherein the device additionally comprises a metal bulb, where the temperature-sensitive element is housed, with the metal bulb comprising a base that has an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs, which project from the base, which extend outside the plastic body to couple to it, and an axial seal, positioned in correspondence with the conduit and the orifice, such that, when the device is mounted, the base of the metal bulb is facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice also aligned to allow the passage of fluid, and with the axial seal compressed axially. 2. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body comprises a recess in correspondence with the conduit, in which the axial seal is positioned. 3. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body has longitudinal notches on its outer periphery, through which the tabs pass, which allows simpler radial positioning of the base of the metal bulb such that the conduit and the orifice are aligned for the correct passage of the fluid. 4. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according claim 3, wherein the tabs have widths that are different from each other, in correspondence with different widths of the longitudinal notches of the plastic body, such that there is a single radial position in which the metal bulb is arranged on the plastic body by means of fitting of the tabs into the notches. 5. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the metal bulb is selected from among a series of metal bulbs of different lengths. 6. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the free ends of the tabs are bent over a plate that holds the pressure-sensitive element against the plastic body, making it possible to obtain a functional assembly. 7. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is incorporated into a printed circuit, which extends to the electronic circuit to which it connects. 8. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is connected to electrical wires that extend to the electronic circuit to which they connect. | 3,700 |
346,270 | 16,804,716 | 3,783 | The invention relates to a pressure and temperature measuring device having a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged with a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that can be coupled to the connector, wherein the measuring device also has a metal bulb that houses the temperature-sensitive element and a base with an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs that project from the base, and an axial seal positioned between the conduit and the orifice; with the base of the metal bulb facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice aligned to allow the passage of fluid, with the axial seal compressed axially. | 1. A pressure and temperature measuring device comprising
a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector that has terminals for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged, comprising a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that is coupled to the connector, wherein the device additionally comprises a metal bulb, where the temperature-sensitive element is housed, with the metal bulb comprising a base that has an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs, which project from the base, which extend outside the plastic body to couple to it, and an axial seal, positioned in correspondence with the conduit and the orifice, such that, when the device is mounted, the base of the metal bulb is facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice also aligned to allow the passage of fluid, and with the axial seal compressed axially. 2. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body comprises a recess in correspondence with the conduit, in which the axial seal is positioned. 3. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body has longitudinal notches on its outer periphery, through which the tabs pass, which allows simpler radial positioning of the base of the metal bulb such that the conduit and the orifice are aligned for the correct passage of the fluid. 4. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according claim 3, wherein the tabs have widths that are different from each other, in correspondence with different widths of the longitudinal notches of the plastic body, such that there is a single radial position in which the metal bulb is arranged on the plastic body by means of fitting of the tabs into the notches. 5. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the metal bulb is selected from among a series of metal bulbs of different lengths. 6. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the free ends of the tabs are bent over a plate that holds the pressure-sensitive element against the plastic body, making it possible to obtain a functional assembly. 7. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is incorporated into a printed circuit, which extends to the electronic circuit to which it connects. 8. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is connected to electrical wires that extend to the electronic circuit to which they connect. | The invention relates to a pressure and temperature measuring device having a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged with a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that can be coupled to the connector, wherein the measuring device also has a metal bulb that houses the temperature-sensitive element and a base with an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs that project from the base, and an axial seal positioned between the conduit and the orifice; with the base of the metal bulb facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice aligned to allow the passage of fluid, with the axial seal compressed axially.1. A pressure and temperature measuring device comprising
a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector that has terminals for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged, comprising a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that is coupled to the connector, wherein the device additionally comprises a metal bulb, where the temperature-sensitive element is housed, with the metal bulb comprising a base that has an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs, which project from the base, which extend outside the plastic body to couple to it, and an axial seal, positioned in correspondence with the conduit and the orifice, such that, when the device is mounted, the base of the metal bulb is facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice also aligned to allow the passage of fluid, and with the axial seal compressed axially. 2. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body comprises a recess in correspondence with the conduit, in which the axial seal is positioned. 3. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body has longitudinal notches on its outer periphery, through which the tabs pass, which allows simpler radial positioning of the base of the metal bulb such that the conduit and the orifice are aligned for the correct passage of the fluid. 4. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according claim 3, wherein the tabs have widths that are different from each other, in correspondence with different widths of the longitudinal notches of the plastic body, such that there is a single radial position in which the metal bulb is arranged on the plastic body by means of fitting of the tabs into the notches. 5. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the metal bulb is selected from among a series of metal bulbs of different lengths. 6. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the free ends of the tabs are bent over a plate that holds the pressure-sensitive element against the plastic body, making it possible to obtain a functional assembly. 7. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is incorporated into a printed circuit, which extends to the electronic circuit to which it connects. 8. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is connected to electrical wires that extend to the electronic circuit to which they connect. | 3,700 |
346,271 | 16,804,727 | 3,783 | The invention relates to a pressure and temperature measuring device having a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged with a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that can be coupled to the connector, wherein the measuring device also has a metal bulb that houses the temperature-sensitive element and a base with an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs that project from the base, and an axial seal positioned between the conduit and the orifice; with the base of the metal bulb facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice aligned to allow the passage of fluid, with the axial seal compressed axially. | 1. A pressure and temperature measuring device comprising
a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector that has terminals for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged, comprising a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that is coupled to the connector, wherein the device additionally comprises a metal bulb, where the temperature-sensitive element is housed, with the metal bulb comprising a base that has an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs, which project from the base, which extend outside the plastic body to couple to it, and an axial seal, positioned in correspondence with the conduit and the orifice, such that, when the device is mounted, the base of the metal bulb is facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice also aligned to allow the passage of fluid, and with the axial seal compressed axially. 2. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body comprises a recess in correspondence with the conduit, in which the axial seal is positioned. 3. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body has longitudinal notches on its outer periphery, through which the tabs pass, which allows simpler radial positioning of the base of the metal bulb such that the conduit and the orifice are aligned for the correct passage of the fluid. 4. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according claim 3, wherein the tabs have widths that are different from each other, in correspondence with different widths of the longitudinal notches of the plastic body, such that there is a single radial position in which the metal bulb is arranged on the plastic body by means of fitting of the tabs into the notches. 5. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the metal bulb is selected from among a series of metal bulbs of different lengths. 6. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the free ends of the tabs are bent over a plate that holds the pressure-sensitive element against the plastic body, making it possible to obtain a functional assembly. 7. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is incorporated into a printed circuit, which extends to the electronic circuit to which it connects. 8. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is connected to electrical wires that extend to the electronic circuit to which they connect. | The invention relates to a pressure and temperature measuring device having a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged with a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that can be coupled to the connector, wherein the measuring device also has a metal bulb that houses the temperature-sensitive element and a base with an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs that project from the base, and an axial seal positioned between the conduit and the orifice; with the base of the metal bulb facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice aligned to allow the passage of fluid, with the axial seal compressed axially.1. A pressure and temperature measuring device comprising
a temperature-sensitive element, a pressure-sensitive element, an electronic circuit to which the temperature-sensitive element and the pressure-sensitive element are connected, a connector that has terminals for connection to the electronic circuit, a plastic body in which the temperature-sensitive element is arranged, comprising a conduit for the passage of fluid, an external housing body that is coupled to the connector, wherein the device additionally comprises a metal bulb, where the temperature-sensitive element is housed, with the metal bulb comprising a base that has an orifice for the passage of fluid and tabs, which project from the base, which extend outside the plastic body to couple to it, and an axial seal, positioned in correspondence with the conduit and the orifice, such that, when the device is mounted, the base of the metal bulb is facing the plastic body, with the conduit and the orifice also aligned to allow the passage of fluid, and with the axial seal compressed axially. 2. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body comprises a recess in correspondence with the conduit, in which the axial seal is positioned. 3. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the plastic body has longitudinal notches on its outer periphery, through which the tabs pass, which allows simpler radial positioning of the base of the metal bulb such that the conduit and the orifice are aligned for the correct passage of the fluid. 4. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according claim 3, wherein the tabs have widths that are different from each other, in correspondence with different widths of the longitudinal notches of the plastic body, such that there is a single radial position in which the metal bulb is arranged on the plastic body by means of fitting of the tabs into the notches. 5. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the metal bulb is selected from among a series of metal bulbs of different lengths. 6. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the free ends of the tabs are bent over a plate that holds the pressure-sensitive element against the plastic body, making it possible to obtain a functional assembly. 7. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is incorporated into a printed circuit, which extends to the electronic circuit to which it connects. 8. The pressure and temperature measuring device, according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-sensitive element is connected to electrical wires that extend to the electronic circuit to which they connect. | 3,700 |
346,272 | 16,804,723 | 3,783 | A dynamic analysis device including a hardware processor that generates, from each of a first chest dynamic image and a second chest dynamic image generated by radiographing dynamics of a chest at different times, a plurality of pieces of waveform information including at least waveform information indicating a respiratory state and waveform information indicating a heartbeat state; selects, from the second chest dynamic image, a comparative image to be compared with a reference image included in the first chest dynamic image, according to the generated plurality of pieces of waveform information; and subjects the reference image and the comparative image to a comparison analysis process. | 1. A dynamic analysis device comprising a hardware processor that generates, from each of a first chest dynamic image and a second chest dynamic image generated by radiographing dynamics of a chest at different times, a plurality of pieces of waveform information including at least waveform information indicating a respiratory state and waveform information indicating a heartbeat state; selects, from the second chest dynamic image, a comparative image to be compared with a reference image included in the first chest dynamic image, according to the generated plurality of pieces of waveform information; and subjects the reference image and the comparative image to a comparison analysis process. 2. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, comprising a display that shows a result of the comparison analysis process. 3. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor involves a temporal difference process or a cardiothoracic ratio measurement process. 4. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein, when the reference image is a single frame image, the hardware processor selects, from the second chest dynamic image, a frame image that has the most similar respiratory phase and heartbeat phase to those of the reference image, according to the generated plurality of pieces of waveform information; and determines the frame image as the comparative image. 5. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein, when the reference image is a plurality of frame images in an arbitrary section defined on a time-series basis, the hardware processor determines, according to the generated plurality of pieces of waveform information, the comparative image by combining sections of a frame image selected from the second chest dynamic image, the sections having the most similar respiratory phase and heartbeat phase to those of a frame image included in a section of the reference image. 6. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 5, wherein, when the reference image and the determined comparative image have different numbers of frame images, the hardware processor reduces the number of frame images of the reference image or the comparative image, or performs interpolation by an interpolation process. 7. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor selects the reference image from the first chest dynamic image. 8. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor selects the second chest dynamic image to be compared with the first chest dynamic image. 9. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein waveform information indicating the respiratory state is waveform information indicating a temporal change in a position of a diaphragm, an area or height of a lung field region. 10. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein waveform information indicating the heartbeat state is waveform information indicating a temporal change in an area or width of a heart region. 11. A non-transitory recording medium that stores a computer-readable program for causing a computer to:
generate, from each of a first chest dynamic image and a second chest dynamic image generated by radiographing dynamics of a chest at different times, a plurality of pieces of waveform information including at least waveform information indicating a respiratory state and waveform information indicating a heartbeat state; select, from the second chest dynamic image, a comparative image to be compared with a reference image included in the first chest dynamic image, according to the plurality of pieces of waveform information generated by the waveform information generator; and subject the reference image and the comparative image to a comparison analysis process. | A dynamic analysis device including a hardware processor that generates, from each of a first chest dynamic image and a second chest dynamic image generated by radiographing dynamics of a chest at different times, a plurality of pieces of waveform information including at least waveform information indicating a respiratory state and waveform information indicating a heartbeat state; selects, from the second chest dynamic image, a comparative image to be compared with a reference image included in the first chest dynamic image, according to the generated plurality of pieces of waveform information; and subjects the reference image and the comparative image to a comparison analysis process.1. A dynamic analysis device comprising a hardware processor that generates, from each of a first chest dynamic image and a second chest dynamic image generated by radiographing dynamics of a chest at different times, a plurality of pieces of waveform information including at least waveform information indicating a respiratory state and waveform information indicating a heartbeat state; selects, from the second chest dynamic image, a comparative image to be compared with a reference image included in the first chest dynamic image, according to the generated plurality of pieces of waveform information; and subjects the reference image and the comparative image to a comparison analysis process. 2. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, comprising a display that shows a result of the comparison analysis process. 3. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor involves a temporal difference process or a cardiothoracic ratio measurement process. 4. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein, when the reference image is a single frame image, the hardware processor selects, from the second chest dynamic image, a frame image that has the most similar respiratory phase and heartbeat phase to those of the reference image, according to the generated plurality of pieces of waveform information; and determines the frame image as the comparative image. 5. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein, when the reference image is a plurality of frame images in an arbitrary section defined on a time-series basis, the hardware processor determines, according to the generated plurality of pieces of waveform information, the comparative image by combining sections of a frame image selected from the second chest dynamic image, the sections having the most similar respiratory phase and heartbeat phase to those of a frame image included in a section of the reference image. 6. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 5, wherein, when the reference image and the determined comparative image have different numbers of frame images, the hardware processor reduces the number of frame images of the reference image or the comparative image, or performs interpolation by an interpolation process. 7. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor selects the reference image from the first chest dynamic image. 8. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the hardware processor selects the second chest dynamic image to be compared with the first chest dynamic image. 9. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein waveform information indicating the respiratory state is waveform information indicating a temporal change in a position of a diaphragm, an area or height of a lung field region. 10. The dynamic analysis device according to claim 1, wherein waveform information indicating the heartbeat state is waveform information indicating a temporal change in an area or width of a heart region. 11. A non-transitory recording medium that stores a computer-readable program for causing a computer to:
generate, from each of a first chest dynamic image and a second chest dynamic image generated by radiographing dynamics of a chest at different times, a plurality of pieces of waveform information including at least waveform information indicating a respiratory state and waveform information indicating a heartbeat state; select, from the second chest dynamic image, a comparative image to be compared with a reference image included in the first chest dynamic image, according to the plurality of pieces of waveform information generated by the waveform information generator; and subject the reference image and the comparative image to a comparison analysis process. | 3,700 |
346,273 | 16,804,711 | 3,783 | Methods and apparatus are described. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes a transceiver and a processor. The transceiver and the processor receive a master information block (MIB) on a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), wherein the MIB includes an indication of control channel element (CCE) resources, transmit uplink data on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH, and receive at least one CCE in the indicated CCE resources. The at least one CCE includes multiple bits, each of which indicates whether a respective block of data is required to be retransmitted. At least the multiple bits are channel coded and have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) attached. | 1. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor, wherein the transceiver and the processor are configured to receive a master information block (MIB) on a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), wherein the MIB includes an indication of control channel element (CCE) resources, wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to transmit uplink data on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to receive at least one CCE in the indicated CCE resources, wherein the at least one CCE includes a plurality of bits, wherein each of the plurality of bits indicates whether a respective block of data is required to be retransmitted, and wherein at least the plurality of bits are channel coded and have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) attached. 2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to transmit the respective block of data on the PUSCH in response to the received at least one CCE. 3. The WTRU of claim 2, wherein the plurality of bits are more than two bits. 4. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the at least one CCE is received with CCEs associated with physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs). 5. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the plurality of bits are rate matched after being channel coded. 6. A method, implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising:
receiving a master information block (MIB) on a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), the MIB including an indication of control channel element (CCE) resources; transmitting uplink data on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and receiving at least one CCE in the indicated CCE resources, wherein the at least one CCE includes a plurality of bits, wherein each of the plurality of bits indicates whether a respective block of data is required to be retransmitted, and wherein at least the plurality of bits are channel coded and have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) attached. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the respective block of data on the PUSCH in response to the received at least one CCE. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of bits are more than two bits. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the receiving the at least one CCE further comprises receiving the at least one CCE with CCEs associated with physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs). 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the plurality of bits are rate matched after being channel coded. 11. A base station comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor, wherein the transceiver and the processor are configured to transmit a master information block (MIB) on a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), wherein the MIB includes an indication of control channel element (CCE) resources, wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to receive uplink data on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to transmit at least one CCE in the indicated CCE resources, wherein the at least one CCE includes a plurality of bits, wherein each of the plurality of bits indicates whether a respective block of data is required to be retransmitted, and wherein at least the plurality of bits are channel coded and have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) attached. 12. The base station of claim 11, wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to receive the respective block of data on the PUSCH in response to the received at least one CCE. 13. The base station of claim 12, wherein the plurality of bits are more than two bits. 14. The base station of claim 11, wherein the at least one CCE is transmitted with CCEs associated with physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs). 15. The base station of claim 1, wherein the plurality of bits are rate matched after being channel coded. | Methods and apparatus are described. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes a transceiver and a processor. The transceiver and the processor receive a master information block (MIB) on a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), wherein the MIB includes an indication of control channel element (CCE) resources, transmit uplink data on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH, and receive at least one CCE in the indicated CCE resources. The at least one CCE includes multiple bits, each of which indicates whether a respective block of data is required to be retransmitted. At least the multiple bits are channel coded and have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) attached.1. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor, wherein the transceiver and the processor are configured to receive a master information block (MIB) on a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), wherein the MIB includes an indication of control channel element (CCE) resources, wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to transmit uplink data on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to receive at least one CCE in the indicated CCE resources, wherein the at least one CCE includes a plurality of bits, wherein each of the plurality of bits indicates whether a respective block of data is required to be retransmitted, and wherein at least the plurality of bits are channel coded and have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) attached. 2. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to transmit the respective block of data on the PUSCH in response to the received at least one CCE. 3. The WTRU of claim 2, wherein the plurality of bits are more than two bits. 4. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the at least one CCE is received with CCEs associated with physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs). 5. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the plurality of bits are rate matched after being channel coded. 6. A method, implemented in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising:
receiving a master information block (MIB) on a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), the MIB including an indication of control channel element (CCE) resources; transmitting uplink data on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and receiving at least one CCE in the indicated CCE resources, wherein the at least one CCE includes a plurality of bits, wherein each of the plurality of bits indicates whether a respective block of data is required to be retransmitted, and wherein at least the plurality of bits are channel coded and have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) attached. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting the respective block of data on the PUSCH in response to the received at least one CCE. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plurality of bits are more than two bits. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the receiving the at least one CCE further comprises receiving the at least one CCE with CCEs associated with physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs). 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the plurality of bits are rate matched after being channel coded. 11. A base station comprising:
a transceiver; and a processor, wherein the transceiver and the processor are configured to transmit a master information block (MIB) on a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), wherein the MIB includes an indication of control channel element (CCE) resources, wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to receive uplink data on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to transmit at least one CCE in the indicated CCE resources, wherein the at least one CCE includes a plurality of bits, wherein each of the plurality of bits indicates whether a respective block of data is required to be retransmitted, and wherein at least the plurality of bits are channel coded and have a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) attached. 12. The base station of claim 11, wherein the transceiver and the processor are further configured to receive the respective block of data on the PUSCH in response to the received at least one CCE. 13. The base station of claim 12, wherein the plurality of bits are more than two bits. 14. The base station of claim 11, wherein the at least one CCE is transmitted with CCEs associated with physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs). 15. The base station of claim 1, wherein the plurality of bits are rate matched after being channel coded. | 3,700 |
346,274 | 16,804,730 | 3,783 | Adjustment device of the opening of a door of the type including two opposite members apt to be mounted to a door and to a post, respectively, and provided with housing holes of screws for the engagement with a surface, one of the bodies including a solid body except for a cavity provided on one of the side walls, the other one of the bodies including an outside shell internally provided with a housing cavity of a sliding body, characterised in that adjustment means of the movement of the sliding body are furthermore provided, arranged perpendicularly to the sliding body housed within a cavity provided on the top surface of the outer shell as well as dampening and thrust means of the sliding body. | 1) Device for the adjustment of the opening of a door of the type comprising two opposite elements apt to be mounted on a door and on a post, respectively, and provided with housing holes for screws of engagement with a surface, one of said bodies comprising a solid body, except for a cavity provided on one of the side walls, the other one of said bodies comprising an outer shell internally provided With a housing cavity of a sliding body, characterised in that adjustment means of the movement of said sliding body are furthermore provided, arranged perpendicularly to said sliding body, said means being housed within a cavity provided on the top surface of said outer shell as well as dampening and thrust means of said sliding body. 2) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in claim 1), characterised in that said adjustment means of the movement of said sliding body comprises a lock block comprising a shaped head wherefrom a cam departs, said cam comprising a cylindrical central body with a circular base, with central holes, wherefrom a base protrudes laterally, according to an ellipsoidal profile, above which base an abutment element is provided with a substantial trapezoidal profile with rounded angles. 3) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in 2), characterised in that said lock block is free to rotate between two defined settings. 4) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in claim 1), characterised in that said sliding body comprises a rectangular-base body, along a short side of which an engagement wedge departs, provided with a perimeter rib, which identifies a central supporting plane wherein an elliptical eyelet is obtained. 5) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in claim 4), characterised in that said sliding body has a thin groove on said perimeter rib in correspondence of the contact point between the contour of the elliptical eyelet and said peripheral rib. 6) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in claim 4), characterised in that on the bottom surface of said sliding body side cavities are provided for the housing of said dampening and thrust means of said sliding body. 7) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in claim 2), characterised in that said lock block is kept in engagement with said sliding body by means of a screw associated with a sealing washer. | Adjustment device of the opening of a door of the type including two opposite members apt to be mounted to a door and to a post, respectively, and provided with housing holes of screws for the engagement with a surface, one of the bodies including a solid body except for a cavity provided on one of the side walls, the other one of the bodies including an outside shell internally provided with a housing cavity of a sliding body, characterised in that adjustment means of the movement of the sliding body are furthermore provided, arranged perpendicularly to the sliding body housed within a cavity provided on the top surface of the outer shell as well as dampening and thrust means of the sliding body.1) Device for the adjustment of the opening of a door of the type comprising two opposite elements apt to be mounted on a door and on a post, respectively, and provided with housing holes for screws of engagement with a surface, one of said bodies comprising a solid body, except for a cavity provided on one of the side walls, the other one of said bodies comprising an outer shell internally provided With a housing cavity of a sliding body, characterised in that adjustment means of the movement of said sliding body are furthermore provided, arranged perpendicularly to said sliding body, said means being housed within a cavity provided on the top surface of said outer shell as well as dampening and thrust means of said sliding body. 2) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in claim 1), characterised in that said adjustment means of the movement of said sliding body comprises a lock block comprising a shaped head wherefrom a cam departs, said cam comprising a cylindrical central body with a circular base, with central holes, wherefrom a base protrudes laterally, according to an ellipsoidal profile, above which base an abutment element is provided with a substantial trapezoidal profile with rounded angles. 3) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in 2), characterised in that said lock block is free to rotate between two defined settings. 4) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in claim 1), characterised in that said sliding body comprises a rectangular-base body, along a short side of which an engagement wedge departs, provided with a perimeter rib, which identifies a central supporting plane wherein an elliptical eyelet is obtained. 5) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in claim 4), characterised in that said sliding body has a thin groove on said perimeter rib in correspondence of the contact point between the contour of the elliptical eyelet and said peripheral rib. 6) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in claim 4), characterised in that on the bottom surface of said sliding body side cavities are provided for the housing of said dampening and thrust means of said sliding body. 7) The device for the adjustment of the opening of a door as in claim 2), characterised in that said lock block is kept in engagement with said sliding body by means of a screw associated with a sealing washer. | 3,700 |
346,275 | 16,804,714 | 3,783 | High purity lithium and associated products are provided. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a lithium metal product in which the lithium metal is obtained using a selective lithium ion conducting layer. The selective lithium ion conducting layer includes an active metal ion conducting glass or glass ceramic that conducts only lithium ions. The present lithium metal products produced using a selective lithium ion conducting layer advantageously provide for improved lithium purity when compared to commercial lithium metal. Pursuant to the present disclosure, lithium metal having a purity of at least 99.96 weight percent on a metals basis can be obtained. | 1. A lithium metal product prepared by a process comprising:
providing a lithium ion source in a saturated aqueous solution of lithium salts wherein lithium anion is dissolved in a solvent to form a lithium feed solution; providing an anode in contact with the lithium feed solution; providing a composite layer transecting an axis of a cell body, the composite layer, comprising a lithium ion glass-ceramic; providing a copper cathode movable within the cell body to a position apart from composite layer contact and suitable for electrolysis of lithium; providing a catholyte on a cathode side of an electrolytic cell; and providing an ionizing electric current to the electrolytic cell, thereby isolating lithium ions, placing the lithium ions into the aqueous solution, and electrically depositing lithium metal onto the copper cathode. 2. A lithium metal electrode comprising:
a lithium metal having a purity of greater than 99.96 weight percent on a metals basis, wherein the lithium metal is enriched with a lithium isotope by 1% or more. 3. The lithium metal electrode of claim 2, wherein the lithium isotope is selected from the group consisting of Lithium-6 and Lithium-7. 4. The lithium metal electrode of claim 2, wherein the lithium metal is enriched with Lithium-6 by 1.17% or more. 5. A battery comprising:
a cathode; an anode comprising a lithium metal having a purity of greater than 99.96 weight percent on a metals basis, wherein the lithium metal is enriched with a lithium isotope by 1% or more; and an electrolyte. 6. A process comprising:
providing a lithium ion source in a saturated aqueous solution of lithium salts wherein lithium anion is dissolved in a solvent to form a lithium feed solution; providing an anode in contact with the lithium feed solution; providing a composite layer transecting an axis of a cell body, the composite layer, comprising a lithium ion glass-ceramic; providing an adjustable cathode movable within the cell body to a position apart from composite layer contact and suitable for electrolysis of lithium; providing a catholyte on a cathode side of an electrolytic cell; and providing an ionizing electric current to the electrolytic cell, thereby continuously forming lithium metal with a solid electrolyte interphase layer onto the cathode. 7. The process of claim 6, wherein the lithium ions diffuse through a selective lithium ion conducting layer having a lithium metal ion conductivity of at least 10−9 S/cm. 8. The process of claim 6, wherein the catholyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte consisting of lithium salts in organic solvents. 9. The process of claim 6, wherein the catholyte is selected from the group consisting of a lithium hexafluorophosphate based electrolyte, a trifluoromethanesulfonyl-imide ionic liquid based electrolyte, an ether based electrolyte, and a sulfone based electrolyte. 10. A lithium metal product prepared by a process comprising:
providing a lithium ion source in a saturated aqueous solution of lithium salts wherein lithium anion is dissolved in a solvent to form a lithium feed solution; providing an anode in contact with the lithium feed solution; providing a composite layer transecting an axis of a cell body, the composite layer, comprising a lithium ion glass-ceramic; providing an adjustable cathode movable within the cell body to a position apart from composite layer contact and suitable for electrolysis of lithium; providing a catholyte on a cathode side of an electrolytic cell; and providing an ionizing electric current to the electrolytic cell, thereby continuously forming lithium metal with a solid electrolyte interphase layer onto the cathode. | High purity lithium and associated products are provided. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a lithium metal product in which the lithium metal is obtained using a selective lithium ion conducting layer. The selective lithium ion conducting layer includes an active metal ion conducting glass or glass ceramic that conducts only lithium ions. The present lithium metal products produced using a selective lithium ion conducting layer advantageously provide for improved lithium purity when compared to commercial lithium metal. Pursuant to the present disclosure, lithium metal having a purity of at least 99.96 weight percent on a metals basis can be obtained.1. A lithium metal product prepared by a process comprising:
providing a lithium ion source in a saturated aqueous solution of lithium salts wherein lithium anion is dissolved in a solvent to form a lithium feed solution; providing an anode in contact with the lithium feed solution; providing a composite layer transecting an axis of a cell body, the composite layer, comprising a lithium ion glass-ceramic; providing a copper cathode movable within the cell body to a position apart from composite layer contact and suitable for electrolysis of lithium; providing a catholyte on a cathode side of an electrolytic cell; and providing an ionizing electric current to the electrolytic cell, thereby isolating lithium ions, placing the lithium ions into the aqueous solution, and electrically depositing lithium metal onto the copper cathode. 2. A lithium metal electrode comprising:
a lithium metal having a purity of greater than 99.96 weight percent on a metals basis, wherein the lithium metal is enriched with a lithium isotope by 1% or more. 3. The lithium metal electrode of claim 2, wherein the lithium isotope is selected from the group consisting of Lithium-6 and Lithium-7. 4. The lithium metal electrode of claim 2, wherein the lithium metal is enriched with Lithium-6 by 1.17% or more. 5. A battery comprising:
a cathode; an anode comprising a lithium metal having a purity of greater than 99.96 weight percent on a metals basis, wherein the lithium metal is enriched with a lithium isotope by 1% or more; and an electrolyte. 6. A process comprising:
providing a lithium ion source in a saturated aqueous solution of lithium salts wherein lithium anion is dissolved in a solvent to form a lithium feed solution; providing an anode in contact with the lithium feed solution; providing a composite layer transecting an axis of a cell body, the composite layer, comprising a lithium ion glass-ceramic; providing an adjustable cathode movable within the cell body to a position apart from composite layer contact and suitable for electrolysis of lithium; providing a catholyte on a cathode side of an electrolytic cell; and providing an ionizing electric current to the electrolytic cell, thereby continuously forming lithium metal with a solid electrolyte interphase layer onto the cathode. 7. The process of claim 6, wherein the lithium ions diffuse through a selective lithium ion conducting layer having a lithium metal ion conductivity of at least 10−9 S/cm. 8. The process of claim 6, wherein the catholyte is a nonaqueous electrolyte consisting of lithium salts in organic solvents. 9. The process of claim 6, wherein the catholyte is selected from the group consisting of a lithium hexafluorophosphate based electrolyte, a trifluoromethanesulfonyl-imide ionic liquid based electrolyte, an ether based electrolyte, and a sulfone based electrolyte. 10. A lithium metal product prepared by a process comprising:
providing a lithium ion source in a saturated aqueous solution of lithium salts wherein lithium anion is dissolved in a solvent to form a lithium feed solution; providing an anode in contact with the lithium feed solution; providing a composite layer transecting an axis of a cell body, the composite layer, comprising a lithium ion glass-ceramic; providing an adjustable cathode movable within the cell body to a position apart from composite layer contact and suitable for electrolysis of lithium; providing a catholyte on a cathode side of an electrolytic cell; and providing an ionizing electric current to the electrolytic cell, thereby continuously forming lithium metal with a solid electrolyte interphase layer onto the cathode. | 3,700 |
346,276 | 16,804,712 | 3,783 | A method of delivering a prosthetic mitral valve includes delivering a distal anchor from a delivery sheath such that the distal anchor self-expands inside a first heart chamber on a first side of the mitral valve annulus, pulling proximally on the distal anchor such that the distal anchor self-aligns within the mitral valve annulus and the distal anchor rests against tissue of the ventricular heart chamber, and delivering a proximal anchor from the delivery sheath to a second heart chamber on a second side of the mitral valve annulus such that the proximal anchor self-expands and moves towards the distal anchor to rest against tissue of the second heart chamber. The self-expansion of the proximal anchor captures tissue of the mitral valve annulus therebetween. | 1. A method of delivering a prosthetic mitral valve comprising:
delivering a distal anchor from a delivery sheath such that the distal anchor self-expands inside a first heart chamber on a first side of the mitral valve annulus; pulling proximally on the distal anchor such that the distal anchor self-aligns within the mitral valve annulus and the distal anchor rests against tissue of the ventricular heart chamber; and delivering a proximal anchor from the delivery sheath to a second heart chamber on a second side of the mitral valve annulus such that the proximal anchor self-expands and moves towards the distal anchor to rest against tissue of the second heart chamber, the self-expansion of the proximal anchor capturing tissue of the mitral valve annulus therebetween. | A method of delivering a prosthetic mitral valve includes delivering a distal anchor from a delivery sheath such that the distal anchor self-expands inside a first heart chamber on a first side of the mitral valve annulus, pulling proximally on the distal anchor such that the distal anchor self-aligns within the mitral valve annulus and the distal anchor rests against tissue of the ventricular heart chamber, and delivering a proximal anchor from the delivery sheath to a second heart chamber on a second side of the mitral valve annulus such that the proximal anchor self-expands and moves towards the distal anchor to rest against tissue of the second heart chamber. The self-expansion of the proximal anchor captures tissue of the mitral valve annulus therebetween.1. A method of delivering a prosthetic mitral valve comprising:
delivering a distal anchor from a delivery sheath such that the distal anchor self-expands inside a first heart chamber on a first side of the mitral valve annulus; pulling proximally on the distal anchor such that the distal anchor self-aligns within the mitral valve annulus and the distal anchor rests against tissue of the ventricular heart chamber; and delivering a proximal anchor from the delivery sheath to a second heart chamber on a second side of the mitral valve annulus such that the proximal anchor self-expands and moves towards the distal anchor to rest against tissue of the second heart chamber, the self-expansion of the proximal anchor capturing tissue of the mitral valve annulus therebetween. | 3,700 |
346,277 | 16,804,733 | 3,783 | This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors, at least one cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug. This invention also relates to a method of treating a tumor or a cancer in a patient comprising administering to a patient in need thereof the pharmaceutical composition in an amount effective to treat the tumor or cancer, and optionally a step of ablating at least a portion of the tumor or cancer. | 1. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors, at least one cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitors are different and are each inhibitors of an immune checkpoint molecule selected from the group consisting of CD137, CD134, PD-1, KIR, LAG-3, PD-L1, PDL2, CTLA-4, B7.1, B7.2, B7-DC, B7-H1, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, B7-H7, BTLA, LIGHT, HVEM, GAL9, TIM-3, TIGHT, VISTA, 2B4, CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, TGF-β, PI3Kγ, GITR, ICOS, IDO, TLR, IL-2R, IL-10, PVRIG, CCRY, OX-40, CD160, CD20, CD52, CD47, CD73, CD27-CD70, and/or CD40. 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors comprise i) a CTLA-4 inhibitor and ii) a PD-1 inhibitor or PD-L1 inhibitor. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the CTLA-4 inhibitor is ipilimumab, tremelimumab, or a combination thereof. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of pembrolizumab, nivolumab, pidilizumab, MK-3475, MED 14736, CT-011, spartalizumab, and combinations thereof. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the PD-L1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of durvalumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, AMP224, BMS-936559, MPLDL3280A, MSB0010718C, and combinations thereof. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors comprise a CTLA-4 inhibitor and a PD-1 inhibitor; and wherein the CTLA-4 inhibitor is ipilimumab and the PD-1 inhibitor is pembrolizumab or nivolumab. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug is selected from the group consisting of asparaginase, bleomycin, busulphan, carboplatin, cetuximab, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, BCG, chloramphenicol, colchicine, cyclosporin, dacarbazine, doxorubicin, etoposide, fludarabine, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, irinotecan, lomustin, melphalan, methotrexate, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, procarbazine, rituximab, temozolomide, thitepa, vinblastine, vincristine, zidovudine, and combinations thereof. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, further comprising a second cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug. 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the concentration of the CTLA-4 inhibitor ranges from about 0.5 to about 10 mg/ml, and the concentration of the PD-1 or the PD-L1 inhibitor ranges from about 0.5 to about 20 mg/ml. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitors and the cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug are formulated for intratumoral administration. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, further comprising one or more nucleic acid drugs. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, wherein the nucleic acid drug is a DNA plasmid. 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, wherein the DNA plasmid comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a gene selected from the group consisting of GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-6, IL-4, IL-12, TNF, IFNγ, IFNα, and combinations thereof. 15. A method of treating a tumor or a cancer in a patient comprising:
administering to a patient in need thereof a composition comprising: at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors and at least one cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug, in an amount effective to treat the tumor or cancer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition is administered to the patient intratumorally. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition is administered to the patient's tumor or cancer using an injection device. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitors are different and are each inhibitors of an immune checkpoint molecule selected from the group consisting of CD137, CD134, PD-1, KIR, LAG-3, PD-L1, PDL2, CTLA-4, B7.1, B7.2, B7-DC, B7-H1, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, B7-H7, BTLA, LIGHT, HVEM, GALS, TIM-3, TIGHT, VISTA, 2B4, CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, TGF-β, PI3Kγ, GITR, ICOS, IDO, TLR, IL-2R, IL-10, PVRIG, CCRY, OX-40, CD160, CD20, CD52, CD47, CD73, CD27-CD70, and/or CD40. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors comprise i) a CTLA-4 inhibitor and ii) a PD-1 inhibitor or PD-L1 inhibitor. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug is selected from the group consisting of asparaginase, bleomycin, busulphan, carboplatin, cetuximab, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, BCG, chloramphenicol, colchicine, cyclosporin, dacarbazine, doxorubicin, etoposide, fludarabine, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, irinotecan, lomustin, melphalan, methotrexate, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, procarbazine, rituximab, temozolomide, thitepa, vinblastine, vincristine, zidovudine, and combinations thereof. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the concentration of the CTLA-4 inhibitor ranges from about 0.5 to about 10 mg/ml, and the concentration of the PD-1 or the PD-L1 inhibitor ranges from about 0.5 to about 20 mg/ml. 22. The method of claim 15, further comprising administering one or more therapeutically effective amount of nucleic acid drugs to the tumor or cancer. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the nucleic acid drug is a DNA plasmid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a gene selected from the group consisting of GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-6, IL-4, IL-12, TNF, IFNγ, IFNα, and combinations thereof. 24. The method of claim 15, further comprising a step of ablating at least a portion of the tumor or cancer. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the ablating step is conducted before or at the same time as the administering step. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the ablating step is carried out by cryoablation; radio frequency (RF) ablation; microwave ablation; laser, photo, or plasma ablation; ultrasonic ablation; high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation; steam ablation; reversible electroporation (RE); irreversible electroporation (IRE); radiofrequency electrical membrane breakdown (RF-EMB); RF-EMB type ablation; ablation with ultra-short electrical pulse; ablation using photodynamic therapy; ablation using non-thermal shock waves; cavitation; other mechanical physical means to create cell disruption; chemical ablation; ablation with biologics; or combinations thereof. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the ablating step is carried out by cryoablation, and/or RF-EMB. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the ablating step is carried out by cryoablation in a minimally invasive manner. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the ablating step is carried out using a single probe, with total ablating time of no more than 5 minutes. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the cryoablation is carried out using a single probe with a diameter of no more than 1 mm. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the cryoablation is carried out at a temperature from about −35 to about −45° C. 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the step of administering the composition and the ablating step are carried out using a same device that comprises an ablation module and an injection module. 33. The method of claim 15, wherein the tumor or cancer type is selected from the group consisting of prostate, pancreatic, colon, lung, and bladder. 34. The method of claim 15, wherein the tumor or cancer is metastatic. 35. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug is cyclophosphamide. 36. The method of claim 20, wherein the cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug is cyclophosphamide. | This invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors, at least one cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug. This invention also relates to a method of treating a tumor or a cancer in a patient comprising administering to a patient in need thereof the pharmaceutical composition in an amount effective to treat the tumor or cancer, and optionally a step of ablating at least a portion of the tumor or cancer.1. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors, at least one cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 2. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitors are different and are each inhibitors of an immune checkpoint molecule selected from the group consisting of CD137, CD134, PD-1, KIR, LAG-3, PD-L1, PDL2, CTLA-4, B7.1, B7.2, B7-DC, B7-H1, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, B7-H7, BTLA, LIGHT, HVEM, GAL9, TIM-3, TIGHT, VISTA, 2B4, CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, TGF-β, PI3Kγ, GITR, ICOS, IDO, TLR, IL-2R, IL-10, PVRIG, CCRY, OX-40, CD160, CD20, CD52, CD47, CD73, CD27-CD70, and/or CD40. 3. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 2, wherein the at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors comprise i) a CTLA-4 inhibitor and ii) a PD-1 inhibitor or PD-L1 inhibitor. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the CTLA-4 inhibitor is ipilimumab, tremelimumab, or a combination thereof. 5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the PD-1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of pembrolizumab, nivolumab, pidilizumab, MK-3475, MED 14736, CT-011, spartalizumab, and combinations thereof. 6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the PD-L1 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of durvalumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, AMP224, BMS-936559, MPLDL3280A, MSB0010718C, and combinations thereof. 7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors comprise a CTLA-4 inhibitor and a PD-1 inhibitor; and wherein the CTLA-4 inhibitor is ipilimumab and the PD-1 inhibitor is pembrolizumab or nivolumab. 8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug is selected from the group consisting of asparaginase, bleomycin, busulphan, carboplatin, cetuximab, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, BCG, chloramphenicol, colchicine, cyclosporin, dacarbazine, doxorubicin, etoposide, fludarabine, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, irinotecan, lomustin, melphalan, methotrexate, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, procarbazine, rituximab, temozolomide, thitepa, vinblastine, vincristine, zidovudine, and combinations thereof. 9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, further comprising a second cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug. 10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, wherein the concentration of the CTLA-4 inhibitor ranges from about 0.5 to about 10 mg/ml, and the concentration of the PD-1 or the PD-L1 inhibitor ranges from about 0.5 to about 20 mg/ml. 11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitors and the cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug are formulated for intratumoral administration. 12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, further comprising one or more nucleic acid drugs. 13. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, wherein the nucleic acid drug is a DNA plasmid. 14. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, wherein the DNA plasmid comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a gene selected from the group consisting of GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-6, IL-4, IL-12, TNF, IFNγ, IFNα, and combinations thereof. 15. A method of treating a tumor or a cancer in a patient comprising:
administering to a patient in need thereof a composition comprising: at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors and at least one cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug, in an amount effective to treat the tumor or cancer. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition is administered to the patient intratumorally. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition is administered to the patient's tumor or cancer using an injection device. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the immune checkpoint inhibitors are different and are each inhibitors of an immune checkpoint molecule selected from the group consisting of CD137, CD134, PD-1, KIR, LAG-3, PD-L1, PDL2, CTLA-4, B7.1, B7.2, B7-DC, B7-H1, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5, B7-H6, B7-H7, BTLA, LIGHT, HVEM, GALS, TIM-3, TIGHT, VISTA, 2B4, CGEN-15049, CHK 1, CHK2, A2aR, TGF-β, PI3Kγ, GITR, ICOS, IDO, TLR, IL-2R, IL-10, PVRIG, CCRY, OX-40, CD160, CD20, CD52, CD47, CD73, CD27-CD70, and/or CD40. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least two immune checkpoint inhibitors comprise i) a CTLA-4 inhibitor and ii) a PD-1 inhibitor or PD-L1 inhibitor. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug is selected from the group consisting of asparaginase, bleomycin, busulphan, carboplatin, cetuximab, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, BCG, chloramphenicol, colchicine, cyclosporin, dacarbazine, doxorubicin, etoposide, fludarabine, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, irinotecan, lomustin, melphalan, methotrexate, mitomycin, mitoxantrone, paclitaxel, procarbazine, rituximab, temozolomide, thitepa, vinblastine, vincristine, zidovudine, and combinations thereof. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein the concentration of the CTLA-4 inhibitor ranges from about 0.5 to about 10 mg/ml, and the concentration of the PD-1 or the PD-L1 inhibitor ranges from about 0.5 to about 20 mg/ml. 22. The method of claim 15, further comprising administering one or more therapeutically effective amount of nucleic acid drugs to the tumor or cancer. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the nucleic acid drug is a DNA plasmid comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a gene selected from the group consisting of GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-6, IL-4, IL-12, TNF, IFNγ, IFNα, and combinations thereof. 24. The method of claim 15, further comprising a step of ablating at least a portion of the tumor or cancer. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the ablating step is conducted before or at the same time as the administering step. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the ablating step is carried out by cryoablation; radio frequency (RF) ablation; microwave ablation; laser, photo, or plasma ablation; ultrasonic ablation; high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation; steam ablation; reversible electroporation (RE); irreversible electroporation (IRE); radiofrequency electrical membrane breakdown (RF-EMB); RF-EMB type ablation; ablation with ultra-short electrical pulse; ablation using photodynamic therapy; ablation using non-thermal shock waves; cavitation; other mechanical physical means to create cell disruption; chemical ablation; ablation with biologics; or combinations thereof. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the ablating step is carried out by cryoablation, and/or RF-EMB. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the ablating step is carried out by cryoablation in a minimally invasive manner. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the ablating step is carried out using a single probe, with total ablating time of no more than 5 minutes. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the cryoablation is carried out using a single probe with a diameter of no more than 1 mm. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the cryoablation is carried out at a temperature from about −35 to about −45° C. 32. The method of claim 25, wherein the step of administering the composition and the ablating step are carried out using a same device that comprises an ablation module and an injection module. 33. The method of claim 15, wherein the tumor or cancer type is selected from the group consisting of prostate, pancreatic, colon, lung, and bladder. 34. The method of claim 15, wherein the tumor or cancer is metastatic. 35. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug is cyclophosphamide. 36. The method of claim 20, wherein the cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapeutic drug is cyclophosphamide. | 3,700 |
346,278 | 16,804,736 | 3,783 | Automatic control of media presentation parameters is provided by using one or more of real-time audio playback measurement data from microphones and audience facial and body expression interpretation from video and infrared cameras, in conjunction with artificial intelligence for interpretation and evaluation of facial and body expression and predetermined perceptual audio models. Media presentation parameters can include, for example, speaker volume, audio equalization, feedback elimination, play/pause, and other audio content-related aspects of presentation. In some embodiments, additional environmental parameters can be modified to enhance audience experience, such as, for example, temperature, lighting, and the like, in response to audience facial and body expression. | 1. A media presentation system comprising:
an amplifier, coupled to one or more speakers located in a media presentation area, and configured to generate an audio portion of a media presentation in the media presentation area; an audio analysis processor, coupled to one or more audio capture devices located in the media presentation area, and configured to analyze audio sample data of the generated audio portion; an audience analysis processor, coupled to one or more video capture devices in the media presentation area, and configured to
capture a facial expression of an audience member, and
analyze the facial expression for reaction to the generated audio portion; and
an audio parameter processor, coupled to the amplifier, the audio analysis processor, and the audience analysis processor, and configured to instruct the amplifier to adjust one or more parameters associated with the audio portion of the media presentation in response to information associated with the audio analysis received from the audio analysis processor and the audience analysis received from the audience analysis processor; wherein the audience analysis processor further comprises:
an image signal processor, coupled to the one or more video capture devices, and configured to convert image data captured by the one or more video capture devices to formatted image data;
a face detection processor, coupled to the image signal processor, and configured to determine a portion of the formatted image data that is associated with a face of the audience member;
a facial expression interpreter, coupled to the face detection processor, and configured to characterize a facial expression of the face of the audience member; and
a facial expression scoring module, coupled to the facial expression interpreter, and configured to generate a score associated with the characterized facial expression wherein the score reflects the reaction of the audience member to the generated audio portion
wherein the facial expression interpreter comprises:
one or more machine learning processors configured to determine a facial expression from the portion of the formatted image data associated with the face of the audience member, and characterize the facial expression by associating the facial expression with a known reaction to perceiving an audio presentation;
a facial expression filter, coupled to the face detection processor and the facial expression interpreter, and configured to exclude the facial expression from the facial expression interpreter if the facial expression is not associated with the generated audio portion. 2. The media presentation system of claim 10 wherein the audience analysis processor further comprises:
an image signal processor, coupled to the one or more video capture devices, and configured to convert image data captured by the one or more video capture devices to formatted image data;
a face detection processor, coupled to the image signal processor, and configured to determine a portion of the formatted image data that is associated with a face of the audience member;
a facial expression interpreter, coupled to the face detection processor, and configured to characterize a facial expression of the face of the audience member; and
a facial expression scoring module, coupled to the facial expression interpreter, and configured to generate a score associated with the characterized facial expression wherein the score reflects the reaction of the audience member to the generated audio portion. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The media presentation system of claim 1 wherein the facial expression interpreter further comprises one or more data sets comprising characterized facial expressions. 6. The media presentation system of claim 1 wherein the facial expression interpreter comprises circuitry configured to determine a facial expression from the portion of the formatted image data associated with the face of the audience member. 7. The media presentation system of claim 1 wherein the audience analysis processor further comprises:
a body detection processor, coupled to the image signal processor, and configured to determine a portion of the formatted image that is associated with a body of the audience member; and
a body expression interpreter, coupled to the body detection processor, and configured to characterize a body expression of the body of the audience member, wherein the facial expression scoring module is further configured to generate the score in association with the characterized body expression. 8. The media presentation system of claim 1 wherein the one or more video capture devices comprise an electronic imaging device comprising one of a charge-coupled device or an active-pixel sensor. 9. The media presentation system of claim 8 wherein the one or more video capture devices comprise a digital camera. 10. A media presentation system comprising:
an amplifier, coupled to one or more speakers located in a media presentation area, and configured to generate an audio portion of a media presentation in the media presentation area; an audio analysis processor, coupled to one or more audio capture devices located in the media presentation area, and configured to analyze audio sample data of the generated audio portion; an audience analysis processor, coupled to one or more video capture devices in the media presentation area, and configured to
capture a facial expression of an audience member, and
analyze the facial expression for reaction to the generated audio portion; and
an audio parameter processor, coupled to the amplifier, the audio analysis processor, and the audience analysis processor, and configured to instruct the amplifier to adjust one or more parameters associated with the audio portion of the media presentation in response to information associated with the audio analysis received from the audio analysis processor and the audience analysis received from the audience analysis processor; wherein the audio analysis processor comprises:
audio capture circuitry, coupled to the one or more audio capture devices, and configured to generate audio sample data of the generated audio portion from the one or more audio capture devices; and
audio sample analyzer circuitry, coupled to the audio capture circuitry, and configured to compare the audio sample data with an equal-loudness contour model. 11. The media presentation system of claim 10 wherein the audio sample analyzer circuitry comprises fast Fourier transform circuitry to convert the audio sample to a spectral band. 12. The media presentation system of claim 10 wherein the audio sample analyzer circuitry comprises:
a decibel spectral level analyzer configured to compare the audio sample against the equal-loudness contour model to determine whether there are amplitudes of frequency ranges associated with the audio sample that do not conform to corresponding values of the equal-loudness contour model. 13. The media presentation system of claim 12 wherein the equal-loudness contour is selected from a set of equal-loudness contours in response to a present loudness level of the generated audio portion. 14. The media presentation system of claim 12 wherein the equal-loudness contour comprises a Fletcher-Munson curve. 15-18. (canceled) 19. An application processor comprising:
one or more general purpose processors; audio sampling circuitry, coupled to the one or more processors and one or more audio capture devices, and configured to
generate audio sample data of a generated audio portion of a media presentation from the one or more audio capture devices, wherein the one or more audio capture devices are located in a media presentation area and receive the generated audio portion of the media presentation;
one or more image signal processors, coupled to the one or more processors and one or more video capture devices, and configured to
convert image data captured by the one or more video capture devices to formatted image data, wherein the one or more video capture devices are located in the media presentation area and are configured to capture images of an audience member in the media presentation area;
one or more machine learning accelerators, coupled to the one or more general purpose processors; and a memory coupled to the one or more general purpose processors and the one or more machine learning accelerators, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by one or more of the one or more general purpose processors and the one or more machine learning accelerators, the instructions configured to
determine, by the general purpose processor, a portion of the formatted image data that is associated with a face of the audience member,
characterize, by the machine learning accelerator, a facial expression of the face of the audience member, and
generate, by the general purpose processor, a score associated with the characterized facial expression wherein the score reflects a reaction of the audience member to the generated audio portion;
compare the audio sample data with an equal-loudness contour model to determine whether there are amplitudes of frequency ranges associated with the audio sample data that do not conform to corresponding values of the equal-loudness contour model; and
adjust one or more of volume and equalizer values of the generated audio portion of the media presentation in response to the comparison of the audio sample data and the score associated with the characterized facial expression, wherein the score determines an adjustment portion of the difference between the audio sample data and the equal-loudness contour model. 20. (canceled) | Automatic control of media presentation parameters is provided by using one or more of real-time audio playback measurement data from microphones and audience facial and body expression interpretation from video and infrared cameras, in conjunction with artificial intelligence for interpretation and evaluation of facial and body expression and predetermined perceptual audio models. Media presentation parameters can include, for example, speaker volume, audio equalization, feedback elimination, play/pause, and other audio content-related aspects of presentation. In some embodiments, additional environmental parameters can be modified to enhance audience experience, such as, for example, temperature, lighting, and the like, in response to audience facial and body expression.1. A media presentation system comprising:
an amplifier, coupled to one or more speakers located in a media presentation area, and configured to generate an audio portion of a media presentation in the media presentation area; an audio analysis processor, coupled to one or more audio capture devices located in the media presentation area, and configured to analyze audio sample data of the generated audio portion; an audience analysis processor, coupled to one or more video capture devices in the media presentation area, and configured to
capture a facial expression of an audience member, and
analyze the facial expression for reaction to the generated audio portion; and
an audio parameter processor, coupled to the amplifier, the audio analysis processor, and the audience analysis processor, and configured to instruct the amplifier to adjust one or more parameters associated with the audio portion of the media presentation in response to information associated with the audio analysis received from the audio analysis processor and the audience analysis received from the audience analysis processor; wherein the audience analysis processor further comprises:
an image signal processor, coupled to the one or more video capture devices, and configured to convert image data captured by the one or more video capture devices to formatted image data;
a face detection processor, coupled to the image signal processor, and configured to determine a portion of the formatted image data that is associated with a face of the audience member;
a facial expression interpreter, coupled to the face detection processor, and configured to characterize a facial expression of the face of the audience member; and
a facial expression scoring module, coupled to the facial expression interpreter, and configured to generate a score associated with the characterized facial expression wherein the score reflects the reaction of the audience member to the generated audio portion
wherein the facial expression interpreter comprises:
one or more machine learning processors configured to determine a facial expression from the portion of the formatted image data associated with the face of the audience member, and characterize the facial expression by associating the facial expression with a known reaction to perceiving an audio presentation;
a facial expression filter, coupled to the face detection processor and the facial expression interpreter, and configured to exclude the facial expression from the facial expression interpreter if the facial expression is not associated with the generated audio portion. 2. The media presentation system of claim 10 wherein the audience analysis processor further comprises:
an image signal processor, coupled to the one or more video capture devices, and configured to convert image data captured by the one or more video capture devices to formatted image data;
a face detection processor, coupled to the image signal processor, and configured to determine a portion of the formatted image data that is associated with a face of the audience member;
a facial expression interpreter, coupled to the face detection processor, and configured to characterize a facial expression of the face of the audience member; and
a facial expression scoring module, coupled to the facial expression interpreter, and configured to generate a score associated with the characterized facial expression wherein the score reflects the reaction of the audience member to the generated audio portion. 3. (canceled) 4. (canceled) 5. The media presentation system of claim 1 wherein the facial expression interpreter further comprises one or more data sets comprising characterized facial expressions. 6. The media presentation system of claim 1 wherein the facial expression interpreter comprises circuitry configured to determine a facial expression from the portion of the formatted image data associated with the face of the audience member. 7. The media presentation system of claim 1 wherein the audience analysis processor further comprises:
a body detection processor, coupled to the image signal processor, and configured to determine a portion of the formatted image that is associated with a body of the audience member; and
a body expression interpreter, coupled to the body detection processor, and configured to characterize a body expression of the body of the audience member, wherein the facial expression scoring module is further configured to generate the score in association with the characterized body expression. 8. The media presentation system of claim 1 wherein the one or more video capture devices comprise an electronic imaging device comprising one of a charge-coupled device or an active-pixel sensor. 9. The media presentation system of claim 8 wherein the one or more video capture devices comprise a digital camera. 10. A media presentation system comprising:
an amplifier, coupled to one or more speakers located in a media presentation area, and configured to generate an audio portion of a media presentation in the media presentation area; an audio analysis processor, coupled to one or more audio capture devices located in the media presentation area, and configured to analyze audio sample data of the generated audio portion; an audience analysis processor, coupled to one or more video capture devices in the media presentation area, and configured to
capture a facial expression of an audience member, and
analyze the facial expression for reaction to the generated audio portion; and
an audio parameter processor, coupled to the amplifier, the audio analysis processor, and the audience analysis processor, and configured to instruct the amplifier to adjust one or more parameters associated with the audio portion of the media presentation in response to information associated with the audio analysis received from the audio analysis processor and the audience analysis received from the audience analysis processor; wherein the audio analysis processor comprises:
audio capture circuitry, coupled to the one or more audio capture devices, and configured to generate audio sample data of the generated audio portion from the one or more audio capture devices; and
audio sample analyzer circuitry, coupled to the audio capture circuitry, and configured to compare the audio sample data with an equal-loudness contour model. 11. The media presentation system of claim 10 wherein the audio sample analyzer circuitry comprises fast Fourier transform circuitry to convert the audio sample to a spectral band. 12. The media presentation system of claim 10 wherein the audio sample analyzer circuitry comprises:
a decibel spectral level analyzer configured to compare the audio sample against the equal-loudness contour model to determine whether there are amplitudes of frequency ranges associated with the audio sample that do not conform to corresponding values of the equal-loudness contour model. 13. The media presentation system of claim 12 wherein the equal-loudness contour is selected from a set of equal-loudness contours in response to a present loudness level of the generated audio portion. 14. The media presentation system of claim 12 wherein the equal-loudness contour comprises a Fletcher-Munson curve. 15-18. (canceled) 19. An application processor comprising:
one or more general purpose processors; audio sampling circuitry, coupled to the one or more processors and one or more audio capture devices, and configured to
generate audio sample data of a generated audio portion of a media presentation from the one or more audio capture devices, wherein the one or more audio capture devices are located in a media presentation area and receive the generated audio portion of the media presentation;
one or more image signal processors, coupled to the one or more processors and one or more video capture devices, and configured to
convert image data captured by the one or more video capture devices to formatted image data, wherein the one or more video capture devices are located in the media presentation area and are configured to capture images of an audience member in the media presentation area;
one or more machine learning accelerators, coupled to the one or more general purpose processors; and a memory coupled to the one or more general purpose processors and the one or more machine learning accelerators, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by one or more of the one or more general purpose processors and the one or more machine learning accelerators, the instructions configured to
determine, by the general purpose processor, a portion of the formatted image data that is associated with a face of the audience member,
characterize, by the machine learning accelerator, a facial expression of the face of the audience member, and
generate, by the general purpose processor, a score associated with the characterized facial expression wherein the score reflects a reaction of the audience member to the generated audio portion;
compare the audio sample data with an equal-loudness contour model to determine whether there are amplitudes of frequency ranges associated with the audio sample data that do not conform to corresponding values of the equal-loudness contour model; and
adjust one or more of volume and equalizer values of the generated audio portion of the media presentation in response to the comparison of the audio sample data and the score associated with the characterized facial expression, wherein the score determines an adjustment portion of the difference between the audio sample data and the equal-loudness contour model. 20. (canceled) | 3,700 |
346,279 | 16,804,744 | 2,415 | A communication system for supporting communication for a vehicle (103) includes a plurality of fixed network segments. Communication from access points (109) to wireless modems (111) uses mm wave radio communication links. The fixed network and vehicle comprise segment multipath controllers (1007, 1101) coupled to the wireless modems or access points (109) for multipath communication with each other. Different segments have different segment multipath controllers (1007). Root multipath controllers (1103) are included having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers (1101) and being arranged to perform multipath communication with a complementary root multipath controller (1009) of the fixed network (107). The hierarchical multipath controller approach may provide efficient adaptation to network configuration changes caused by vehicle movement. | 1. An apparatus for a communication system for supporting communication between at least one end node of a vehicle and at least one remote correspondent node via a fixed network comprising a plurality of network segments, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of wireless modems, each wireless modem being arranged to establish a mm wave radio communication link to an access point of a plurality of wireless access points of the fixed network, each wireless access point having a directional antenna arrangement for mm wave radio communication using directional beams, each wireless modem being located on the vehicle and employing an electronically steerable beamforming directional antenna having a main beam for establishing the mm wave radio communication link; a plurality of segment multipath controllers located on the vehicle, each multipath segment controller having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of wireless modems for multipath communication with a complementary segment multipath controller of a network segment of the fixed network, the network segment being different for different segment multipath controllers of the plurality of segment multipath controllers, and a root multipath controller located on the vehicle and having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers and being arranged to perform multipath communication with a complementary root multipath controller of the fixed network. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the root multipath controller and the plurality of segment multipath controllers are arranged to communicate a combined data flow for a plurality of end nodes of the vehicle. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a first segment multipath controller of the plurality of segment multipath controllers is arranged to allocate data to paths of the plurality of wireless modems in response to a radio link condition indication for at least one mm wave radio communication link. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the mm wave radio communication link includes at least one of:
a radio signal strength indication; a throughput indication; an error rate indication; and a signal to noise ratio indication. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a first segment multipath controller of the plurality of segment multipath controllers is arranged to address data packets from a first wireless modem to a first complementary segment multipath controller using a first network address selected from a stored list of predetermined network addresses for the plurality of complementary segment multipath controllers, a selection of the first network address being based on an access point identity for an access point communicating with the first wireless modem. 6. A fixed network for a communication system supporting communication between at least one end node of a vehicle and at least one remote correspondent node via the fixed network, the fixed network comprising a plurality of network segments and:
a plurality of access points, each access point being arranged to establish a mm wave radio communication link to a wireless modem of a plurality of wireless modems of the vehicle and each wireless access point employing a beamforming directional antenna having a main beam for establishing the mm wave radio communication link, at least one access point of the plurality of access points being able to establish mm wave radio communication links to a plurality of wireless modems using different main beams and being arranged to select between the different main beams for a data packet in dependence on a network address of the data packet; a plurality of segment multipath controllers, each multipath segment controller having multipath connections coupled to at least some access points of a network segment of the plurality of network segments for multipath communication with a complementary segment multipath controller of the vehicle, the network segment for a segment multipath controller being different for different segment multipath controllers of the plurality of segment multipath controllers; and a root multipath controller having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers and being arranged to perform multipath communication with a complementary root multipath controller of the vehicle. 7. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein the root multipath controller is coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers via a Layer 3 routed network section. 8. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein at least one segment multipath controller is coupled to the at least some access points via a Layer 2 switched network section. 9. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein the root multipath controller is arranged to communicate data with the complementary root multipath controller using data packet tunneling, each of at least some subflows between the root multipath controller and the complementary root multipath controller being a data packet tunnel. 10. The fixed network of claim 9, wherein the data packet tunneling utilizes UDP data packets. 11. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein at least one segment multipath controller of the plurality of segment multipath controllers is arranged to communicate data with a complementary segment multipath controller using data packet tunneling, each of at least some subflows between the at least one segment multipath controller and the complementary segment multipath controller being a data packet tunnel. 12. The fixed network of claim 11, wherein the tunneling utilizes UDP data packets. 13. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein the root multipath controller is not arranged to allocate data to paths of the plurality of segment multipath controllers in response to a radio link condition indication for any mm wave radio communication link. 14. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein the root multipath controller is arranged to allocate data to paths of the plurality of segment multipath controllers in response to transport layer properties for the paths. 15. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein the root multipath controller is arranged to allocate data to paths of the plurality of segment multipath controllers independently of allocation of data to paths of the at least some access points by the plurality of segment multipath controllers. 16. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein each network segment comprises at least one gateway and communication across a segment edge is via the at least one gateway. 17. The fixed network of previous claim 16, wherein the gateways are Internet gateways. 18. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein each network segment of the plurality of network segments has a different subnet IP address range. 19. The fixed network of any of claim 6, wherein latency for communication within each network segment of the plurality of network segments is lower than latency for communication between network segments of the plurality of network segments. 20. The fixed network of claim 6 wherein the root multipath controller is arranged to process data for the vehicle only for a subset of service classes out of a plurality of service classes supported by the fixed network. 21. A method of operation for a communication system for supporting communication between at least one end node of a vehicle and at least one remote correspondent node via a fixed network comprising a plurality of network segments, the communication system comprising:
a plurality of wireless modems, each wireless modem being arranged to establish a mm wave radio communication link to an access point of a plurality of wireless access points of the fixed network, each wireless access point having a directional antenna arrangement for mm wave radio communication using directional beams, each wireless modem being located on the vehicle and employing an electronically steerable beamforming directional antenna having a main beam for establishing the first mm wave radio communication link; a plurality of segment multipath controllers located on the vehicle, each multipath segment controller having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of wireless modems for the network segment being different for different segment multipath controllers of the plurality of segment multipath controllers, and a root multipath controller located on the vehicle and having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers; 22. A method of operation for a fixed network for a communication system supporting communication between at least one end node of a vehicle and at least one remote correspondent node via the fixed network, the fixed network comprising a plurality of network segments and:
a plurality of access points, each access point being arranged to establish a mm wave radio communication link to a wireless modem of a plurality of wireless modems of the vehicle and each wireless access point employing a beamforming directional antenna having a main beam for establishing the first mm wave radio communication link, at least one access point of the plurality of access points being able to establish mm wave radio communication links to a plurality of wireless modems using different main beams and being arranged to select between the different main beams for a data packet in dependence on a network address of the data packet; a plurality of segment multipath controllers, each multipath segment controller having multipath connections coupled to at least some access points of a network segment of the plurality of network segments, the network segment for a segment multipath controller being different for different segment multipath controllers of the plurality of segment multipath controllers; and a root multipath controller having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers; the method comprising: the plurality of segment multipath controllers performing multipath communication with a complementary segment multipath controller of the vehicle; and the root multipath controller performing multipath communication with a complementary root multipath controller of the vehicle. | A communication system for supporting communication for a vehicle (103) includes a plurality of fixed network segments. Communication from access points (109) to wireless modems (111) uses mm wave radio communication links. The fixed network and vehicle comprise segment multipath controllers (1007, 1101) coupled to the wireless modems or access points (109) for multipath communication with each other. Different segments have different segment multipath controllers (1007). Root multipath controllers (1103) are included having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers (1101) and being arranged to perform multipath communication with a complementary root multipath controller (1009) of the fixed network (107). The hierarchical multipath controller approach may provide efficient adaptation to network configuration changes caused by vehicle movement.1. An apparatus for a communication system for supporting communication between at least one end node of a vehicle and at least one remote correspondent node via a fixed network comprising a plurality of network segments, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of wireless modems, each wireless modem being arranged to establish a mm wave radio communication link to an access point of a plurality of wireless access points of the fixed network, each wireless access point having a directional antenna arrangement for mm wave radio communication using directional beams, each wireless modem being located on the vehicle and employing an electronically steerable beamforming directional antenna having a main beam for establishing the mm wave radio communication link; a plurality of segment multipath controllers located on the vehicle, each multipath segment controller having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of wireless modems for multipath communication with a complementary segment multipath controller of a network segment of the fixed network, the network segment being different for different segment multipath controllers of the plurality of segment multipath controllers, and a root multipath controller located on the vehicle and having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers and being arranged to perform multipath communication with a complementary root multipath controller of the fixed network. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the root multipath controller and the plurality of segment multipath controllers are arranged to communicate a combined data flow for a plurality of end nodes of the vehicle. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a first segment multipath controller of the plurality of segment multipath controllers is arranged to allocate data to paths of the plurality of wireless modems in response to a radio link condition indication for at least one mm wave radio communication link. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the mm wave radio communication link includes at least one of:
a radio signal strength indication; a throughput indication; an error rate indication; and a signal to noise ratio indication. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a first segment multipath controller of the plurality of segment multipath controllers is arranged to address data packets from a first wireless modem to a first complementary segment multipath controller using a first network address selected from a stored list of predetermined network addresses for the plurality of complementary segment multipath controllers, a selection of the first network address being based on an access point identity for an access point communicating with the first wireless modem. 6. A fixed network for a communication system supporting communication between at least one end node of a vehicle and at least one remote correspondent node via the fixed network, the fixed network comprising a plurality of network segments and:
a plurality of access points, each access point being arranged to establish a mm wave radio communication link to a wireless modem of a plurality of wireless modems of the vehicle and each wireless access point employing a beamforming directional antenna having a main beam for establishing the mm wave radio communication link, at least one access point of the plurality of access points being able to establish mm wave radio communication links to a plurality of wireless modems using different main beams and being arranged to select between the different main beams for a data packet in dependence on a network address of the data packet; a plurality of segment multipath controllers, each multipath segment controller having multipath connections coupled to at least some access points of a network segment of the plurality of network segments for multipath communication with a complementary segment multipath controller of the vehicle, the network segment for a segment multipath controller being different for different segment multipath controllers of the plurality of segment multipath controllers; and a root multipath controller having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers and being arranged to perform multipath communication with a complementary root multipath controller of the vehicle. 7. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein the root multipath controller is coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers via a Layer 3 routed network section. 8. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein at least one segment multipath controller is coupled to the at least some access points via a Layer 2 switched network section. 9. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein the root multipath controller is arranged to communicate data with the complementary root multipath controller using data packet tunneling, each of at least some subflows between the root multipath controller and the complementary root multipath controller being a data packet tunnel. 10. The fixed network of claim 9, wherein the data packet tunneling utilizes UDP data packets. 11. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein at least one segment multipath controller of the plurality of segment multipath controllers is arranged to communicate data with a complementary segment multipath controller using data packet tunneling, each of at least some subflows between the at least one segment multipath controller and the complementary segment multipath controller being a data packet tunnel. 12. The fixed network of claim 11, wherein the tunneling utilizes UDP data packets. 13. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein the root multipath controller is not arranged to allocate data to paths of the plurality of segment multipath controllers in response to a radio link condition indication for any mm wave radio communication link. 14. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein the root multipath controller is arranged to allocate data to paths of the plurality of segment multipath controllers in response to transport layer properties for the paths. 15. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein the root multipath controller is arranged to allocate data to paths of the plurality of segment multipath controllers independently of allocation of data to paths of the at least some access points by the plurality of segment multipath controllers. 16. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein each network segment comprises at least one gateway and communication across a segment edge is via the at least one gateway. 17. The fixed network of previous claim 16, wherein the gateways are Internet gateways. 18. The fixed network of claim 6, wherein each network segment of the plurality of network segments has a different subnet IP address range. 19. The fixed network of any of claim 6, wherein latency for communication within each network segment of the plurality of network segments is lower than latency for communication between network segments of the plurality of network segments. 20. The fixed network of claim 6 wherein the root multipath controller is arranged to process data for the vehicle only for a subset of service classes out of a plurality of service classes supported by the fixed network. 21. A method of operation for a communication system for supporting communication between at least one end node of a vehicle and at least one remote correspondent node via a fixed network comprising a plurality of network segments, the communication system comprising:
a plurality of wireless modems, each wireless modem being arranged to establish a mm wave radio communication link to an access point of a plurality of wireless access points of the fixed network, each wireless access point having a directional antenna arrangement for mm wave radio communication using directional beams, each wireless modem being located on the vehicle and employing an electronically steerable beamforming directional antenna having a main beam for establishing the first mm wave radio communication link; a plurality of segment multipath controllers located on the vehicle, each multipath segment controller having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of wireless modems for the network segment being different for different segment multipath controllers of the plurality of segment multipath controllers, and a root multipath controller located on the vehicle and having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers; 22. A method of operation for a fixed network for a communication system supporting communication between at least one end node of a vehicle and at least one remote correspondent node via the fixed network, the fixed network comprising a plurality of network segments and:
a plurality of access points, each access point being arranged to establish a mm wave radio communication link to a wireless modem of a plurality of wireless modems of the vehicle and each wireless access point employing a beamforming directional antenna having a main beam for establishing the first mm wave radio communication link, at least one access point of the plurality of access points being able to establish mm wave radio communication links to a plurality of wireless modems using different main beams and being arranged to select between the different main beams for a data packet in dependence on a network address of the data packet; a plurality of segment multipath controllers, each multipath segment controller having multipath connections coupled to at least some access points of a network segment of the plurality of network segments, the network segment for a segment multipath controller being different for different segment multipath controllers of the plurality of segment multipath controllers; and a root multipath controller having multipath connections coupled to the plurality of segment multipath controllers; the method comprising: the plurality of segment multipath controllers performing multipath communication with a complementary segment multipath controller of the vehicle; and the root multipath controller performing multipath communication with a complementary root multipath controller of the vehicle. | 2,400 |
346,280 | 16,804,690 | 2,415 | A motorcycle, or saddle type vehicle, is disclosed that may have at least one seat and at least two wheels, at least one hub electric motor. A large dry storage compartment may be positioned between the rider and steering mount. A rechargeable battery and battery management system may be located below the storage compartment in a battery housing, where the battery housing may be a structural component of the chassis. A rear electronics housing may be attached to and located behind the battery housing, and may contain major electrical components such as electric motor controller and contactors. Two structural members, or frame side rails, may form sides of the storage compartment and extend between the electronics housing and steering mount. The electronics housing may also connect to the battery housing such that the battery housing reinforces and strengthens the chassis, or structural frame. A secondary storage compartment may be located under the seat. Additionally, the storage compartments may have electronic locking mechanisms that are activated via a wireless connection to a remote electronic device. The rear suspension may include a swingarm on one side of the vehicle. | 1.-42. (canceled) 43. An electric saddle type vehicle comprising:
a saddle type vehicle chassis including:
a steering mount structure at a front end of the chassis, wherein the steering mount structure is configured to attach to a front suspension;
a structural member connected to and extending from a rear end of the steering mount structure to a front end of an electronics housing, wherein the electronics housing contains electrical components; and
a swingarm configured to support a rear wheel, wherein the swingarm has a front swingarm fork, wherein the front swingarm fork attaches to the electronics housing on opposite sides of the electronics housing. 44. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 43, wherein the swingarm supports an electric hub motor that drives the rear wheel. 45. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 43, wherein the electronics housing contains an electric motor. 46. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 43, wherein the front swingarm fork forms a swingarm pivot axis, and wherein the electronics housing descends past the swingarm pivot axis. 47. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 46, wherein the swingarm rotates about the swingarm pivot axis. 48. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 46, wherein wiring exits the electronics housing and enters the swingarm at a location substantially co-linear with the swingarm pivot axis. 49. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 43, wherein the swingarm extends rearward of the electronics housing and wherein the electronics housing is connected to a rear surface of a battery housing, wherein the battery housing includes an electrical energy storage unit. 50. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 43, wherein the front swingarm fork is attached a pair of bosses spaced away from an outer surface of the electronics housing, wherein each boss of the pair of bosses includes a bearing. 51. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 50, wherein the front swingarm fork comprises a pair of arms such that each arm is located between one of the pair of bosses and the outer surface of the electronics housing. 52. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 51, wherein the bearing is retained by a foot peg mount. 53. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 52, wherein a stub axle is received in the bearing and attached to the swingarm using a bolt. 54. An electric saddle type vehicle comprising:
a saddle type vehicle chassis including:
a steering mount structure at a front end of the chassis, wherein the steering mount structure is configured to attach to a front suspension;
a structural member connected to and extending from a rear end of the steering mount structure to a front end of an electronics housing, wherein the electronics housing contains electrical components;
a swingarm configured to support a rear wheel attached to the electronics housing; an electric motor configured to drive the rear wheel; and a radiator for cooling the electric motor is mounted under the swingarm. 55. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 54, wherein a vehicle control module monitors a temperature of the electric motor and circulates coolant to maintain the temperature of the electric motor. 56. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 54, wherein a battery housing connected to and positioned below the structural member, wherein the battery housing includes at least one electrical energy storage device and a service disconnect; and wherein when the service disconnect is removed, power from the at least one electrical energy storage device is shut off to external electrical connections. 57. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 56, wherein removal of the battery housing is prevented unless the service disconnect is removed. 58. An electric saddle type vehicle comprising:
a saddle type vehicle chassis including:
a steering mount structure at a front end of the chassis, wherein the steering mount structure is configured to attach to a front suspension;
a structural member connected to and extending from a rear end of the steering mount structure to a front end of an electronics housing, wherein the electronics housing contains electrical components; and
a seat support structure attached to the electronics housing, wherein the seat support structure includes a pair of rails and a pair of passenger grab handles, wherein the seat support structure supports a seat, wherein the seat slides on the pair of rails. 59. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 58, wherein turn signals are integrated into the pair of passenger grab handles. 60. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 58, wherein a quick charge port is exposed when the seat is slid rearward. 61. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 58, further comprising:
a swingarm configured to support a rear wheel attached to the electronics housing, wherein the swingarm has a front swingarm fork, wherein the front swingarm fork attaches to the electronics housing on opposite sides of the electronics housing. 62. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 61, wherein the front swingarm fork is attached a pair of bosses spaced away from an outer surface of the electronics housing, wherein each boss of the pair of bosses includes a bearing. | A motorcycle, or saddle type vehicle, is disclosed that may have at least one seat and at least two wheels, at least one hub electric motor. A large dry storage compartment may be positioned between the rider and steering mount. A rechargeable battery and battery management system may be located below the storage compartment in a battery housing, where the battery housing may be a structural component of the chassis. A rear electronics housing may be attached to and located behind the battery housing, and may contain major electrical components such as electric motor controller and contactors. Two structural members, or frame side rails, may form sides of the storage compartment and extend between the electronics housing and steering mount. The electronics housing may also connect to the battery housing such that the battery housing reinforces and strengthens the chassis, or structural frame. A secondary storage compartment may be located under the seat. Additionally, the storage compartments may have electronic locking mechanisms that are activated via a wireless connection to a remote electronic device. The rear suspension may include a swingarm on one side of the vehicle.1.-42. (canceled) 43. An electric saddle type vehicle comprising:
a saddle type vehicle chassis including:
a steering mount structure at a front end of the chassis, wherein the steering mount structure is configured to attach to a front suspension;
a structural member connected to and extending from a rear end of the steering mount structure to a front end of an electronics housing, wherein the electronics housing contains electrical components; and
a swingarm configured to support a rear wheel, wherein the swingarm has a front swingarm fork, wherein the front swingarm fork attaches to the electronics housing on opposite sides of the electronics housing. 44. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 43, wherein the swingarm supports an electric hub motor that drives the rear wheel. 45. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 43, wherein the electronics housing contains an electric motor. 46. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 43, wherein the front swingarm fork forms a swingarm pivot axis, and wherein the electronics housing descends past the swingarm pivot axis. 47. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 46, wherein the swingarm rotates about the swingarm pivot axis. 48. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 46, wherein wiring exits the electronics housing and enters the swingarm at a location substantially co-linear with the swingarm pivot axis. 49. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 43, wherein the swingarm extends rearward of the electronics housing and wherein the electronics housing is connected to a rear surface of a battery housing, wherein the battery housing includes an electrical energy storage unit. 50. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 43, wherein the front swingarm fork is attached a pair of bosses spaced away from an outer surface of the electronics housing, wherein each boss of the pair of bosses includes a bearing. 51. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 50, wherein the front swingarm fork comprises a pair of arms such that each arm is located between one of the pair of bosses and the outer surface of the electronics housing. 52. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 51, wherein the bearing is retained by a foot peg mount. 53. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 52, wherein a stub axle is received in the bearing and attached to the swingarm using a bolt. 54. An electric saddle type vehicle comprising:
a saddle type vehicle chassis including:
a steering mount structure at a front end of the chassis, wherein the steering mount structure is configured to attach to a front suspension;
a structural member connected to and extending from a rear end of the steering mount structure to a front end of an electronics housing, wherein the electronics housing contains electrical components;
a swingarm configured to support a rear wheel attached to the electronics housing; an electric motor configured to drive the rear wheel; and a radiator for cooling the electric motor is mounted under the swingarm. 55. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 54, wherein a vehicle control module monitors a temperature of the electric motor and circulates coolant to maintain the temperature of the electric motor. 56. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 54, wherein a battery housing connected to and positioned below the structural member, wherein the battery housing includes at least one electrical energy storage device and a service disconnect; and wherein when the service disconnect is removed, power from the at least one electrical energy storage device is shut off to external electrical connections. 57. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 56, wherein removal of the battery housing is prevented unless the service disconnect is removed. 58. An electric saddle type vehicle comprising:
a saddle type vehicle chassis including:
a steering mount structure at a front end of the chassis, wherein the steering mount structure is configured to attach to a front suspension;
a structural member connected to and extending from a rear end of the steering mount structure to a front end of an electronics housing, wherein the electronics housing contains electrical components; and
a seat support structure attached to the electronics housing, wherein the seat support structure includes a pair of rails and a pair of passenger grab handles, wherein the seat support structure supports a seat, wherein the seat slides on the pair of rails. 59. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 58, wherein turn signals are integrated into the pair of passenger grab handles. 60. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 58, wherein a quick charge port is exposed when the seat is slid rearward. 61. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 58, further comprising:
a swingarm configured to support a rear wheel attached to the electronics housing, wherein the swingarm has a front swingarm fork, wherein the front swingarm fork attaches to the electronics housing on opposite sides of the electronics housing. 62. The electric saddle type vehicle of claim 61, wherein the front swingarm fork is attached a pair of bosses spaced away from an outer surface of the electronics housing, wherein each boss of the pair of bosses includes a bearing. | 2,400 |
346,281 | 16,804,719 | 2,415 | A fraud prevention system that includes a client server and a fraud prevention server. The fraud prevention server includes an electronic processor and a memory. The memory includes an online application origination (OAO) service. When executing the OAO service, the electronic processor is configured to determine a fraud score of an online application based on an online application origination (OAO) model that differentiates between a behavior of a normal user and a behavior of a nefarious actor during a submission of the online application on a device, and control the client server to approve, hold, or deny the online application based on the fraud score that is determined. | 1. A fraud prevention system comprising:
a fraud prevention server including an electronic processor and a memory, the memory including an online application origination (OAO) service, wherein, when executing the OAO service, the electronic processor is configured to
determine a fraud score of an online application based on an online application origination (OAO) model that differentiates between a behavior of a normal user and a behavior of a nefarious actor during a submission of the online application on a device, and
control the client server to approve, hold, or deny the online application based on the fraud score that is determined. 2. The fraud prevention system of claim 1, wherein the OAO model includes a feature set with behavioral features. 3. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes mouse movement behavioral features, and wherein the mouse movement behavioral features include a standard deviation of a mouse click in a X direction feature. 4. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include a time from last key to submission feature. 5. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include a coefficient of variation of keystroke rate across all fields in a form of the online application feature. 6. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes mouse movement behavioral features, and wherein the mouse movement behavioral features further include a standard deviation of a mouse click in a Y direction feature. 7. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include an average number of mouse clicks per field of the form feature. 8. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include an amount of time on page feature. 9. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes mouse movement behavioral features, and wherein the mouse movement behavioral features further include a total mouse distance feature. 10. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include a ratio of time spent in fields of the form to the overall time on page feature. 11. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include an average keystroke rate standard deviation feature. 12. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include an average of time between focus and first keystroke feature. 13. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include a total mouse click count feature. 14. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the feature set further includes non-behavioral features. 15. The fraud prevention system of claim 14, wherein the non-behavioral features further include a proxy concealed detection feature. 16. A method for operating a fraud prevention system, the method comprising:
determining, with an online application origination (OAO) service on a fraud prevention server, a fraud score of an online application based on an online application origination (OAO) model that differentiates between a behavior of a normal user and a behavior of a nefarious actor during a submission of the online application on a device; and controlling, with the fraud prevention server, a client server to approve, hold, or deny the online application based on the fraud score that is determined. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the OAO model includes a feature set with behavioral features. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the behavioral features includes mouse movement behavioral features, and wherein the mouse movement behavioral features include a standard deviation of a mouse click in a X direction feature. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the feature set further includes non-behavioral features. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a fraud prevention server, cause the fraud prevention server to perform a set of operations comprising:
determining, with an online application origination (OAO) service, a fraud score of an online application based on an online application origination (OAO) model that differentiates between a behavior of a normal user and a behavior of a nefarious actor during a submission of the online application on a device; and controlling a client server to approve, hold, or deny the online application based on the fraud score that is determined. | A fraud prevention system that includes a client server and a fraud prevention server. The fraud prevention server includes an electronic processor and a memory. The memory includes an online application origination (OAO) service. When executing the OAO service, the electronic processor is configured to determine a fraud score of an online application based on an online application origination (OAO) model that differentiates between a behavior of a normal user and a behavior of a nefarious actor during a submission of the online application on a device, and control the client server to approve, hold, or deny the online application based on the fraud score that is determined.1. A fraud prevention system comprising:
a fraud prevention server including an electronic processor and a memory, the memory including an online application origination (OAO) service, wherein, when executing the OAO service, the electronic processor is configured to
determine a fraud score of an online application based on an online application origination (OAO) model that differentiates between a behavior of a normal user and a behavior of a nefarious actor during a submission of the online application on a device, and
control the client server to approve, hold, or deny the online application based on the fraud score that is determined. 2. The fraud prevention system of claim 1, wherein the OAO model includes a feature set with behavioral features. 3. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes mouse movement behavioral features, and wherein the mouse movement behavioral features include a standard deviation of a mouse click in a X direction feature. 4. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include a time from last key to submission feature. 5. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include a coefficient of variation of keystroke rate across all fields in a form of the online application feature. 6. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes mouse movement behavioral features, and wherein the mouse movement behavioral features further include a standard deviation of a mouse click in a Y direction feature. 7. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include an average number of mouse clicks per field of the form feature. 8. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include an amount of time on page feature. 9. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes mouse movement behavioral features, and wherein the mouse movement behavioral features further include a total mouse distance feature. 10. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include a ratio of time spent in fields of the form to the overall time on page feature. 11. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include an average keystroke rate standard deviation feature. 12. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include an average of time between focus and first keystroke feature. 13. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the behavioral features includes navigation behavioral features, and wherein the navigation behavioral features further include a total mouse click count feature. 14. The fraud prevention system of claim 2, wherein the feature set further includes non-behavioral features. 15. The fraud prevention system of claim 14, wherein the non-behavioral features further include a proxy concealed detection feature. 16. A method for operating a fraud prevention system, the method comprising:
determining, with an online application origination (OAO) service on a fraud prevention server, a fraud score of an online application based on an online application origination (OAO) model that differentiates between a behavior of a normal user and a behavior of a nefarious actor during a submission of the online application on a device; and controlling, with the fraud prevention server, a client server to approve, hold, or deny the online application based on the fraud score that is determined. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the OAO model includes a feature set with behavioral features. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the behavioral features includes mouse movement behavioral features, and wherein the mouse movement behavioral features include a standard deviation of a mouse click in a X direction feature. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the feature set further includes non-behavioral features. 20. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a fraud prevention server, cause the fraud prevention server to perform a set of operations comprising:
determining, with an online application origination (OAO) service, a fraud score of an online application based on an online application origination (OAO) model that differentiates between a behavior of a normal user and a behavior of a nefarious actor during a submission of the online application on a device; and controlling a client server to approve, hold, or deny the online application based on the fraud score that is determined. | 2,400 |
346,282 | 16,804,738 | 2,415 | A data encryption/decryption method including a web server, a web application server (WAS) receiving data, a database server (DB server) receiving a structured query language (SQL), and an encryption/decryption server to the WAS through a network, the data being transmitted between the encryption/decryption server and the WAS by an application repeater, the method includes performing encryption by filtering an encryption target by using a uniform resource identifier (URI) when the data is transmitted from the web server and transmitting data to be encrypted to the encryption/decryption server, and performing decryption by filtering a decryption target by using the SQL input from the WAS to the DB server and transmitting data to be decrypted to the encryption/decryption server. | 1. A data encryption/decryption method including a web server, a web application server (WAS) receiving data from the web server, a database server (DB server) receiving a structured query language (SQL) from the WAS, and an encryption/decryption server to the WAS through a network, the data being transmitted between the encryption/decryption server and the WAS by an application repeater of the encryption/decryption server, the method comprising:
performing encryption by filtering an encryption target by using a uniform resource identifier (URI) when the data is transmitted from the web server and transmitting data to be encrypted to the encryption/decryption server; and performing decryption by filtering a decryption target by using the SQL input from the WAS to the DB server and transmitting data to be decrypted to the encryption/decryption server, and wherein the performing of the encryption includes: transmitting the URI or the SQL and a parameter input to the web application server to the encryption/decryption server through the application repeater; determining whether the URI or the SQL and the parameter transmitted to the encryption/decryption server are a preset encryption target; encrypting the data with an encryption key already assigned by an encryption/decryption processing device of the encryption/decryption server when the URI or the SQL and the parameter are the encryption target; storing the encrypted value in an encryption storage of the encryption/decryption server; transmitting an encryption record storage identification value corresponding to the encrypted value to the web application server through the application repeater; and storing a modulated value, which is a result of modulating the transmitted encryption record storage identification value at the web application server, in the DB server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing of the decryption includes:
determining, by the web server, whether data requested by a user is a preset decryption target; querying to the database server and transmitting an encryption record storage identification value corresponding to the decryption request to the encryption/decryption server, when the data is the decryption target; querying the encrypted value to the encryption storage of the encryption/decryption server by using the encryption record storage identification value; converting the encrypted value into plain text data by using the encrypted value and an encryption key in the encryption/decryption processing device of the encryption/decryption server; transmitting the plain text data to the application repeater; and replacing the plain text data with the encryption record storage identification value that is stored in the DB server and transmitting a result of the replacement to the user. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein whether the data is the decryption target is determined by using the URI or the SQL and the parameter, which are input. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the performing of the encryption and the performing of the decryption include recording whether to perform encryption/decryption at a transaction store of the encryption/decryption server. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the encryption key is provided from an encryption key storage device of the encryption/decryption server, and the encryption key varies depending on the web application server. | A data encryption/decryption method including a web server, a web application server (WAS) receiving data, a database server (DB server) receiving a structured query language (SQL), and an encryption/decryption server to the WAS through a network, the data being transmitted between the encryption/decryption server and the WAS by an application repeater, the method includes performing encryption by filtering an encryption target by using a uniform resource identifier (URI) when the data is transmitted from the web server and transmitting data to be encrypted to the encryption/decryption server, and performing decryption by filtering a decryption target by using the SQL input from the WAS to the DB server and transmitting data to be decrypted to the encryption/decryption server.1. A data encryption/decryption method including a web server, a web application server (WAS) receiving data from the web server, a database server (DB server) receiving a structured query language (SQL) from the WAS, and an encryption/decryption server to the WAS through a network, the data being transmitted between the encryption/decryption server and the WAS by an application repeater of the encryption/decryption server, the method comprising:
performing encryption by filtering an encryption target by using a uniform resource identifier (URI) when the data is transmitted from the web server and transmitting data to be encrypted to the encryption/decryption server; and performing decryption by filtering a decryption target by using the SQL input from the WAS to the DB server and transmitting data to be decrypted to the encryption/decryption server, and wherein the performing of the encryption includes: transmitting the URI or the SQL and a parameter input to the web application server to the encryption/decryption server through the application repeater; determining whether the URI or the SQL and the parameter transmitted to the encryption/decryption server are a preset encryption target; encrypting the data with an encryption key already assigned by an encryption/decryption processing device of the encryption/decryption server when the URI or the SQL and the parameter are the encryption target; storing the encrypted value in an encryption storage of the encryption/decryption server; transmitting an encryption record storage identification value corresponding to the encrypted value to the web application server through the application repeater; and storing a modulated value, which is a result of modulating the transmitted encryption record storage identification value at the web application server, in the DB server. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing of the decryption includes:
determining, by the web server, whether data requested by a user is a preset decryption target; querying to the database server and transmitting an encryption record storage identification value corresponding to the decryption request to the encryption/decryption server, when the data is the decryption target; querying the encrypted value to the encryption storage of the encryption/decryption server by using the encryption record storage identification value; converting the encrypted value into plain text data by using the encrypted value and an encryption key in the encryption/decryption processing device of the encryption/decryption server; transmitting the plain text data to the application repeater; and replacing the plain text data with the encryption record storage identification value that is stored in the DB server and transmitting a result of the replacement to the user. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein whether the data is the decryption target is determined by using the URI or the SQL and the parameter, which are input. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the performing of the encryption and the performing of the decryption include recording whether to perform encryption/decryption at a transaction store of the encryption/decryption server. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the encryption key is provided from an encryption key storage device of the encryption/decryption server, and the encryption key varies depending on the web application server. | 2,400 |
346,283 | 16,804,752 | 2,415 | A first power source system includes a first motor control section that controls at least torque of a drive motor. When a temperature of an FC is less than or equal to a prescribed temperature Th and a demand for high output is made to the drive motor, the first motor control section limits the torque of the drive motor to be lower than a maximum torque that can be output by the drive motor, and continuously implements this torque limitation. | 1. A power source system comprising:
a power source mounted in a vehicle; a drive motor; a thermometer configured to measure a temperature of the power source; and a motor control section configured to control at least torque of the drive motor, wherein when the temperature of the power source is less than or equal to a prescribed temperature and a demand for high output is made to the drive motor, the motor control section limits the torque of the drive motor to be lower than a maximum torque output by the drive motor and continuously implements the torque limitation. 2. The power source system according to claim 1, wherein
the motor control section limits a gradient of an output of the drive motor over an interval during which the torque is limited. 3. The power source system according to claim 1, wherein
at least the demand for high output made to the drive motor is sensed based on a throttle opening degree of the vehicle. 4. A power source system comprising:
a power source mounted in a vehicle; a drive motor; a unit configured to sense a sloped road; and a motor control section configured to control at least torque of the drive motor, wherein when the vehicle is travelling on a downhill road and a high output demand is made to the drive motor, the motor control section limits the torque of the drive motor to be lower than a maximum torque output by the drive motor and continuously implements the torque limitation. 5. The power source system according to claim 4, wherein
the motor control section limits a gradient of an output of the drive motor over an interval during which the torque is limited. 6. The power source system according to claim 4, wherein
at least the demand for high output made to the drive motor is sensed based on a throttle opening degree of the vehicle. 7. A power source system comprising:
a power source mounted in a vehicle; a drive motor; a thermometer configured to measure a temperature of the power source; a unit configured to sense a sloped road; and a motor control section configured to control at least torque of the drive motor, wherein when the temperature of the power source is less than or equal to a prescribed temperature, the vehicle is travelling on a downhill road, and a demand for high output is made to the drive motor, the motor control section limits the torque of the drive motor to be lower than a maximum torque output by the drive motor and continuously implements the torque limitation. 8. The power source system according to claim 7, wherein
the motor control section limits a gradient of an output of the drive motor over an interval during which the torque is limited. 9. The power source system according to claim 7, wherein
at least the demand for high output made to the drive motor is sensed based on a throttle opening degree of the vehicle. | A first power source system includes a first motor control section that controls at least torque of a drive motor. When a temperature of an FC is less than or equal to a prescribed temperature Th and a demand for high output is made to the drive motor, the first motor control section limits the torque of the drive motor to be lower than a maximum torque that can be output by the drive motor, and continuously implements this torque limitation.1. A power source system comprising:
a power source mounted in a vehicle; a drive motor; a thermometer configured to measure a temperature of the power source; and a motor control section configured to control at least torque of the drive motor, wherein when the temperature of the power source is less than or equal to a prescribed temperature and a demand for high output is made to the drive motor, the motor control section limits the torque of the drive motor to be lower than a maximum torque output by the drive motor and continuously implements the torque limitation. 2. The power source system according to claim 1, wherein
the motor control section limits a gradient of an output of the drive motor over an interval during which the torque is limited. 3. The power source system according to claim 1, wherein
at least the demand for high output made to the drive motor is sensed based on a throttle opening degree of the vehicle. 4. A power source system comprising:
a power source mounted in a vehicle; a drive motor; a unit configured to sense a sloped road; and a motor control section configured to control at least torque of the drive motor, wherein when the vehicle is travelling on a downhill road and a high output demand is made to the drive motor, the motor control section limits the torque of the drive motor to be lower than a maximum torque output by the drive motor and continuously implements the torque limitation. 5. The power source system according to claim 4, wherein
the motor control section limits a gradient of an output of the drive motor over an interval during which the torque is limited. 6. The power source system according to claim 4, wherein
at least the demand for high output made to the drive motor is sensed based on a throttle opening degree of the vehicle. 7. A power source system comprising:
a power source mounted in a vehicle; a drive motor; a thermometer configured to measure a temperature of the power source; a unit configured to sense a sloped road; and a motor control section configured to control at least torque of the drive motor, wherein when the temperature of the power source is less than or equal to a prescribed temperature, the vehicle is travelling on a downhill road, and a demand for high output is made to the drive motor, the motor control section limits the torque of the drive motor to be lower than a maximum torque output by the drive motor and continuously implements the torque limitation. 8. The power source system according to claim 7, wherein
the motor control section limits a gradient of an output of the drive motor over an interval during which the torque is limited. 9. The power source system according to claim 7, wherein
at least the demand for high output made to the drive motor is sensed based on a throttle opening degree of the vehicle. | 2,400 |
346,284 | 16,804,739 | 2,415 | The presentation of a verifiable credential that is represented within a data structure that represents the verifiable credential as well as usage data of the verifiable credential. The usage of the verifiable credential is monitored, such that as usage of the verifiable credential changes or progresses, the stored usage data also changes. This data structure may be used to not only cause visual representations of the verifiable credential to be displayed to the user, but the user can selectively cause at least some of that usage data to also be presented to the user. Thus, the user can easily keep track of how their verifiable credential is being used, regardless of where or from which device the verifiable credential is presented. | 1. A computing system for presenting a verifiable credential so that usage of the verifiable credential can be monitored by a user, the comprising system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform a method for presenting a verifiable credential, the method comprising: representing a verifiable credential within a data structure, the verifiable credential including a plurality of verifiable claims; monitoring usage of the verifiable credential; storing usage data of the verifiable credential also in the data structure, such that as usage of the verifiable credential changes or progresses, the stored usage data also changes; and using the data structure to:
cause a visual representation of the verifiable credential to be displayed to a user, the visual representation representing a property name and value for each of at least a subset of the plurality of verifiable claims; and
at least selectively cause at least some of the usage data to be presented to the user. 2. The computing system of claim 1, the visual representation comprising a human readable visual representation of the property name and value for each of the subset of verifiable claims. 3. The computing system of claim 1, the visual representation comprising a bar code or QR code representation of the property name and value for each of the subset of verifiable claims. 4. The computing system of claim 1, the visual representation comprising a bar code or QR code representation of instructions for verifying one or more of the plurality of verifiable claims. 5. The computing system of claim 1, the usage data comprising frequency with which the verifiable credential is exposed to relying party computing systems. 6. The computing system of claim 1, the usage data comprising an identity of a relying party computing system to which the verifiable credential was last exposed. 7. The computing system of claim 1, the usage data comprising a time that the verifiable credential was last exposed. 8. The computing system of claim 1, at least one of the subset of verifiable claims having a subject referenced by a decentralized identifier. 9. A method for presenting a verifiable credential so that usage of the verifiable credential can be monitored by a user, the method comprising:
representing a verifiable credential within a data structure, the verifiable credential including a plurality of verifiable claims; monitoring usage of the verifiable credential; storing usage data of the verifiable credential also in the data structure, such that as usage of the verifiable credential changes or progresses, the stored usage data also changes; and using the data structure to:
cause a visual representation of the verifiable credential to be displayed to a user, the visual representation representing a property name and value for each of at least a subset of the plurality of verifiable claims; and
at least selectively cause at least some of the usage data to be presented to the user. 10. The method of claim 9, the visual representation comprising a human readable visual representation of the property name and value for each of the subset of verifiable claims. 11. The method of claim 9, the visual representation comprising a bar code or QR code representation of the property name and value for each of the subset of verifiable claims. 12. The method of claim 9, the visual representation comprising a bar code or QR code representation of instructions for verifying one or more of the plurality of verifiable claims. 13. The method of claim 9, the usage data comprising frequency with which the verifiable credential is exposed to relying party computing systems. 14. The method of claim 9, the usage data comprising an identity of a relying party computing system to which the verifiable credential was last exposed. 15. The method of claim 9, at least one of the subset of verifiable claims having a subject referenced by a decentralized identifier. 16. A computer program product comprising one or more computer-readable media having thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by a processor of a computing system, cause the computing system to perform a method for presenting a verifiable credential so that usage of the verifiable credential can be monitored by a user, the method comprising:
representing a verifiable credential within a data structure, the verifiable credential including a plurality of verifiable claims; monitoring usage of the verifiable credential; storing usage data of the verifiable credential also in the data structure, such that as usage of the verifiable credential changes or progresses, the stored usage data also changes; and using the data structure to:
cause a visual representation of the verifiable credential to be displayed to a user, the visual representation representing a property name and value for each of at least a subset of the plurality of verifiable claims; and
at least selectively cause at least some of the usage data to be presented to the user. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, the visual representation comprising a human readable visual representation of the property name and value for each of the subset of verifiable claims. 18. The computer program product of claim 16, the usage data comprising frequency with which the verifiable credential is exposed to relying party computing systems. 19. The computer program product of claim 16, the usage data comprising an identity of a relying party computing system to which the verifiable credential was last exposed. 20. The computer program product of claim 16, at least one of the subset of verifiable claims having a subject referenced by a decentralized identifier. | The presentation of a verifiable credential that is represented within a data structure that represents the verifiable credential as well as usage data of the verifiable credential. The usage of the verifiable credential is monitored, such that as usage of the verifiable credential changes or progresses, the stored usage data also changes. This data structure may be used to not only cause visual representations of the verifiable credential to be displayed to the user, but the user can selectively cause at least some of that usage data to also be presented to the user. Thus, the user can easily keep track of how their verifiable credential is being used, regardless of where or from which device the verifiable credential is presented.1. A computing system for presenting a verifiable credential so that usage of the verifiable credential can be monitored by a user, the comprising system comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable media having thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the computing system to perform a method for presenting a verifiable credential, the method comprising: representing a verifiable credential within a data structure, the verifiable credential including a plurality of verifiable claims; monitoring usage of the verifiable credential; storing usage data of the verifiable credential also in the data structure, such that as usage of the verifiable credential changes or progresses, the stored usage data also changes; and using the data structure to:
cause a visual representation of the verifiable credential to be displayed to a user, the visual representation representing a property name and value for each of at least a subset of the plurality of verifiable claims; and
at least selectively cause at least some of the usage data to be presented to the user. 2. The computing system of claim 1, the visual representation comprising a human readable visual representation of the property name and value for each of the subset of verifiable claims. 3. The computing system of claim 1, the visual representation comprising a bar code or QR code representation of the property name and value for each of the subset of verifiable claims. 4. The computing system of claim 1, the visual representation comprising a bar code or QR code representation of instructions for verifying one or more of the plurality of verifiable claims. 5. The computing system of claim 1, the usage data comprising frequency with which the verifiable credential is exposed to relying party computing systems. 6. The computing system of claim 1, the usage data comprising an identity of a relying party computing system to which the verifiable credential was last exposed. 7. The computing system of claim 1, the usage data comprising a time that the verifiable credential was last exposed. 8. The computing system of claim 1, at least one of the subset of verifiable claims having a subject referenced by a decentralized identifier. 9. A method for presenting a verifiable credential so that usage of the verifiable credential can be monitored by a user, the method comprising:
representing a verifiable credential within a data structure, the verifiable credential including a plurality of verifiable claims; monitoring usage of the verifiable credential; storing usage data of the verifiable credential also in the data structure, such that as usage of the verifiable credential changes or progresses, the stored usage data also changes; and using the data structure to:
cause a visual representation of the verifiable credential to be displayed to a user, the visual representation representing a property name and value for each of at least a subset of the plurality of verifiable claims; and
at least selectively cause at least some of the usage data to be presented to the user. 10. The method of claim 9, the visual representation comprising a human readable visual representation of the property name and value for each of the subset of verifiable claims. 11. The method of claim 9, the visual representation comprising a bar code or QR code representation of the property name and value for each of the subset of verifiable claims. 12. The method of claim 9, the visual representation comprising a bar code or QR code representation of instructions for verifying one or more of the plurality of verifiable claims. 13. The method of claim 9, the usage data comprising frequency with which the verifiable credential is exposed to relying party computing systems. 14. The method of claim 9, the usage data comprising an identity of a relying party computing system to which the verifiable credential was last exposed. 15. The method of claim 9, at least one of the subset of verifiable claims having a subject referenced by a decentralized identifier. 16. A computer program product comprising one or more computer-readable media having thereon computer-executable instructions that are structured such that, when executed by a processor of a computing system, cause the computing system to perform a method for presenting a verifiable credential so that usage of the verifiable credential can be monitored by a user, the method comprising:
representing a verifiable credential within a data structure, the verifiable credential including a plurality of verifiable claims; monitoring usage of the verifiable credential; storing usage data of the verifiable credential also in the data structure, such that as usage of the verifiable credential changes or progresses, the stored usage data also changes; and using the data structure to:
cause a visual representation of the verifiable credential to be displayed to a user, the visual representation representing a property name and value for each of at least a subset of the plurality of verifiable claims; and
at least selectively cause at least some of the usage data to be presented to the user. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, the visual representation comprising a human readable visual representation of the property name and value for each of the subset of verifiable claims. 18. The computer program product of claim 16, the usage data comprising frequency with which the verifiable credential is exposed to relying party computing systems. 19. The computer program product of claim 16, the usage data comprising an identity of a relying party computing system to which the verifiable credential was last exposed. 20. The computer program product of claim 16, at least one of the subset of verifiable claims having a subject referenced by a decentralized identifier. | 2,400 |
346,285 | 16,804,741 | 2,415 | A fire exit system is disclosed. In one particular embodiment, the fire exit system may include a motor mechanically coupled to a window such that the motor, when turned on, causes the window to open, a controller coupled to the motor, and a switch coupled to the controller. When the switch is activated, the controller is configured to turn on the motor to open the window. | 1. A fire exit system comprising:
a motor mechanically coupled to a window such that the motor, when turned on, causes the window to open; a controller coupled to the motor; and a switch coupled to the controller, wherein when the switch is activated, the controller is configured to turn on the motor to open the window. 2. The fire exit system of claim 1, further comprising:
a guide bar; a carriage slidably mounted on the guide bar and attached to a window sash of the window; and a timing belt installed around at least two gears, wherein
one of the at least two gears is mechanically coupled to the motor, and
the carriage is attached to the timing belt. 3. The fire exit system of claim 2, wherein the carriage is attached to the window sash using a screw. 4. The fire exit system of claim 2, wherein the carriage is attached to the window sash using a removable pin. 5. The fire exit system of claim 2, further comprising:
a mounting frame, wherein
the controller, the switch, the motor, the guide bar, and the timing belt are mounted on the mounting frame. 6. The fire exit system of claim 5, further comprising:
an escape ladder attached to the mounting frame. 7. The fire exit system of claim 2, further comprising:
a limiting switch coupled to the controller, wherein
when the window sash is fully opened, the carriage activates the limiting switch, and
when the limiting switch is activated, the controller is configured to turn off the motor to stop moving the window sash. 8. The fire exit system of claim 7, wherein the limiting switch is wirelessly coupled to the controller. 9. The fire exit system of claim 7, further comprising:
a mounting frame, wherein
the controller, the switch, the motor, the guide bar, the timing belt, and the limiting switch are mounted on the mounting frame. 10. The fire exit system of claim 9, further comprising:
an escape ladder attached to the mounting frame. 11. The fire exit system of claim 1, further comprising:
a mounting frame, wherein the controller, the switch, and the motor are mounted on the mounting frame; and an escape ladder mounted on the mounting frame. 12. The fire exit system of claim 1, further comprising:
a fire alarm coupled to the switch, wherein
the switch cannot be activated unless it is enabled, and
when the fire alarm detects a fire, the fire alarm is configured to enable the switch. 13. The fire exit system of claim 12, further comprising:
a power source for powering one or more of the following: the controller, the switch, the fire alarm, and the motor. 14. The fire exit system of claim 13, wherein the power source is a battery. 15. The fire exit system of claim 12, wherein the switch includes a light, wherein the light flashes or strobes when the fire alarm enables the switch. 16. The fire exit system of claim 12, wherein the fire alarm is wirelessly coupled to the controller. 17. The fire exit system of claim 1, wherein the switch is wirelessly coupled to the controller. 18. The fire exit system of claim 1, wherein the motor is wirelessly coupled to the controller. 19. The fire exit system of claim 1, wherein the controller is programmed to stop the motor after a predetermined amount of time or a predetermined number of revolutions after the motor has been started. | A fire exit system is disclosed. In one particular embodiment, the fire exit system may include a motor mechanically coupled to a window such that the motor, when turned on, causes the window to open, a controller coupled to the motor, and a switch coupled to the controller. When the switch is activated, the controller is configured to turn on the motor to open the window.1. A fire exit system comprising:
a motor mechanically coupled to a window such that the motor, when turned on, causes the window to open; a controller coupled to the motor; and a switch coupled to the controller, wherein when the switch is activated, the controller is configured to turn on the motor to open the window. 2. The fire exit system of claim 1, further comprising:
a guide bar; a carriage slidably mounted on the guide bar and attached to a window sash of the window; and a timing belt installed around at least two gears, wherein
one of the at least two gears is mechanically coupled to the motor, and
the carriage is attached to the timing belt. 3. The fire exit system of claim 2, wherein the carriage is attached to the window sash using a screw. 4. The fire exit system of claim 2, wherein the carriage is attached to the window sash using a removable pin. 5. The fire exit system of claim 2, further comprising:
a mounting frame, wherein
the controller, the switch, the motor, the guide bar, and the timing belt are mounted on the mounting frame. 6. The fire exit system of claim 5, further comprising:
an escape ladder attached to the mounting frame. 7. The fire exit system of claim 2, further comprising:
a limiting switch coupled to the controller, wherein
when the window sash is fully opened, the carriage activates the limiting switch, and
when the limiting switch is activated, the controller is configured to turn off the motor to stop moving the window sash. 8. The fire exit system of claim 7, wherein the limiting switch is wirelessly coupled to the controller. 9. The fire exit system of claim 7, further comprising:
a mounting frame, wherein
the controller, the switch, the motor, the guide bar, the timing belt, and the limiting switch are mounted on the mounting frame. 10. The fire exit system of claim 9, further comprising:
an escape ladder attached to the mounting frame. 11. The fire exit system of claim 1, further comprising:
a mounting frame, wherein the controller, the switch, and the motor are mounted on the mounting frame; and an escape ladder mounted on the mounting frame. 12. The fire exit system of claim 1, further comprising:
a fire alarm coupled to the switch, wherein
the switch cannot be activated unless it is enabled, and
when the fire alarm detects a fire, the fire alarm is configured to enable the switch. 13. The fire exit system of claim 12, further comprising:
a power source for powering one or more of the following: the controller, the switch, the fire alarm, and the motor. 14. The fire exit system of claim 13, wherein the power source is a battery. 15. The fire exit system of claim 12, wherein the switch includes a light, wherein the light flashes or strobes when the fire alarm enables the switch. 16. The fire exit system of claim 12, wherein the fire alarm is wirelessly coupled to the controller. 17. The fire exit system of claim 1, wherein the switch is wirelessly coupled to the controller. 18. The fire exit system of claim 1, wherein the motor is wirelessly coupled to the controller. 19. The fire exit system of claim 1, wherein the controller is programmed to stop the motor after a predetermined amount of time or a predetermined number of revolutions after the motor has been started. | 2,400 |
346,286 | 16,804,660 | 2,415 | One or more implementations of the present specification provide information processing methods, apparatuses, and devices, and computer readable storage mediums. In an implementation, an information processing method includes: when a user is in a non-login state, receiving an account operation request and identity identification information sent by a terminal device of the user; querying account information corresponding to the identity identification information in response to the account operation request; sending a first display instruction to the terminal device when the account information is found, so that the terminal device displays an account operation interface for the account operation request, where the account operation interface is used to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the identity identification information. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 10, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. 17. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 21. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 22. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 23. The computer-implemented system of claim 22, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 24. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. | One or more implementations of the present specification provide information processing methods, apparatuses, and devices, and computer readable storage mediums. In an implementation, an information processing method includes: when a user is in a non-login state, receiving an account operation request and identity identification information sent by a terminal device of the user; querying account information corresponding to the identity identification information in response to the account operation request; sending a first display instruction to the terminal device when the account information is found, so that the terminal device displays an account operation interface for the account operation request, where the account operation interface is used to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the identity identification information.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 10, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. 17. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 21. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 22. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 23. The computer-implemented system of claim 22, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 24. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. | 2,400 |
346,287 | 16,804,717 | 2,415 | One or more implementations of the present specification provide information processing methods, apparatuses, and devices, and computer readable storage mediums. In an implementation, an information processing method includes: when a user is in a non-login state, receiving an account operation request and identity identification information sent by a terminal device of the user; querying account information corresponding to the identity identification information in response to the account operation request; sending a first display instruction to the terminal device when the account information is found, so that the terminal device displays an account operation interface for the account operation request, where the account operation interface is used to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the identity identification information. | 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 10, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. 17. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 21. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 22. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 23. The computer-implemented system of claim 22, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 24. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. | One or more implementations of the present specification provide information processing methods, apparatuses, and devices, and computer readable storage mediums. In an implementation, an information processing method includes: when a user is in a non-login state, receiving an account operation request and identity identification information sent by a terminal device of the user; querying account information corresponding to the identity identification information in response to the account operation request; sending a first display instruction to the terminal device when the account information is found, so that the terminal device displays an account operation interface for the account operation request, where the account operation interface is used to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the identity identification information.1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the method further comprises:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. 9. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 10, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 13. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 14. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 15. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 16. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. 17. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more computers; and one or more computer memory devices interoperably coupled with the one or more computers and having tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable media storing one or more instructions that, when executed by the one or more computers, perform one or more operations comprising: receiving an account operation request for a user account and user identity identification information from a terminal device of a user, wherein the user is in a non-login state, and wherein the non-login state corresponds to the user not being logged into the user account; querying account information corresponding to the user identity identification information in response to the account operation request; and subsequent to obtaining the account information in response to querying the account information, sending a first display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the first display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display an account operation interface for the account operation request, and wherein the account operation interface is configured to receive account operation interaction data of the user and an identity credential corresponding to the user identity identification information. 18. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the account operation request comprises an account information modification request to modify login verification information or a bound communication account set by the user in the account information, and the account operation interaction data comprises login verification information or a bound communication account updated by the user. 19. The computer-implemented system of claim 18, further comprising, before sending the first display instruction to the terminal device:
sending a second display instruction to the terminal device, wherein the second display instruction comprises executable code that causes the terminal device to display a login operation interface, wherein the login operation interface is configured to receive a state keeping instruction indicating that the user determines to remain in the non-login state; receiving the state keeping instruction; and sending the first display instruction to the terminal device in response to receiving the state keeping instruction. 20. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the account operation request comprises an account restriction state change request, and the account operation interaction data comprises an account restriction release request input by the user;
the account operation request comprises a problem feedback request, and the account operation interaction data comprises account exception information input by the user; or the account operation request comprises an account theft appeal request, and the account operation interaction data comprises user-set login verification information and an account-bound communication account updated by the user. 21. The computer-implemented system of claim 17, wherein the operations further comprise:
receiving, from the terminal device, the account operation interaction data and the identity credential; and generating a to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential. 22. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein the generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data and the identity credential comprises:
determining a security detection result corresponding to the account operation request; and generating the to-be-verified account operation order corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data, the identity credential, and the security detection result. 23. The computer-implemented system of claim 22, wherein determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request comprises:
receiving terminal information of the terminal device sending the account operation request; and determining the security detection result corresponding to the account operation request based on a result of matching between the terminal information and target terminal information, wherein the target terminal information comprises historical login terminal information or blacklisted terminal information corresponding to the account information. 24. The computer-implemented system of claim 21, wherein the operations further comprise:
obtaining a verification result of the to-be-verified account operation order; and responsive to obtaining the verification result and determining the verification result corresponds to a successful verification, performing an account operation corresponding to the account operation request based on the account operation interaction data. | 2,400 |
346,288 | 16,804,686 | 2,415 | An apparatus for generating a plurality of audio channels for a first speaker setup is characterized by an imaginary speaker determiner, an energy distribution calculator, a processor and a renderer. The imaginary speaker determiner is configured to determine a position of an imaginary speaker not contained in the first speaker setup to obtain a second speaker setup containing the imaginary speaker. The energy distribution calculator is configured to calculate an energy distribution from the imaginary speaker to the other speakers in the second speaker setup. The processor is configured to repeat the energy distribution to obtain a downmix information for a downmix from the second speaker setup to the first speaker setup. The renderer is configured to generate the plurality of audio channels using the downmix information. | 1. An apparatus for generating a plurality of audio channels for a first speaker setup, comprising:
an imaginary speaker determiner for determining a position of an imaginary speaker not comprised in the first speaker setup to acquire a second speaker setup comprising the imaginary speaker; an energy distribution calculator for calculating an energy distribution from the imaginary speaker to the other speakers in the second speaker setup; a processor repeating the energy distribution to acquire a downmix information for a downmix from the second speaker setup to the first speaker setup; and a renderer for generating the plurality of audio channels using the downmix information. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to generate an energy distribution matrix based on the energy distribution, wherein the energy distribution matrix comprises elements representing the energy distribution of the imaginary speaker to another speaker of the second speaker setup. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate a power of the energy distribution matrix, wherein the power is a predefined value, and wherein the processor is configured to acquire the downmix information based on the power of the energy distribution matrix. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to iteratively calculate a power of the energy distribution matrix, wherein a number of iteration steps is based on a value of the power of the energy distribution matrix. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the energy distribution calculator comprises a neighborhood estimator for determining at least one speaker of the second speaker setup that is a neighbor of the imaginary speaker, and wherein the energy distribution calculator is configured to calculate the energy distribution of the imaginary speaker to the at least one neighbor of the imaginary speaker. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the neighborhood estimator is configured to determine at least two speakers that are neighbors of the imaginary speaker and wherein the energy distribution calculator is configured to calculate the energy distribution such that the energy distribution among the at least two speakers that are neighbors of the imaginary speaker is equal within a predefined tolerance. 7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the neighborhood estimator is configured to determine at least two speakers that are neighbors of the imaginary speaker and wherein at least one of the at least two speakers that are neighbors of the imaginary speaker is an imaginary speaker. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the speakers of the first speaker setup are arranged within a predefined tolerance in a geometric plane, wherein the geometric plane comprises a predefined listener position, and wherein the imaginary speaker is arranged at one side of the geometric plane. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a speaker of the first speaker setup is arranged at a first side of the geometric plane and wherein the imaginary speaker is arranged along a second side of the geometric plane opposing the first side of the geometric plane. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is comprised by a format conversion unit, wherein the format conversion unit is configured to output the plurality of audio channels based on a plurality of data channels and wherein a number of data channels is higher than a number of the plurality of audio channels. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a panner for generating panning coefficients for the second loudspeaker setup, and wherein the render is configured to generate the plurality of audio channels based on the downmix information and the panning coefficients. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the apparatus is comprised by an object renderer, wherein the object renderer is configured to output the plurality of audio channels based on position information of acoustic objects and wherein a number of panning coefficients is higher than a number of the plurality of audio channels. 13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaginary speaker determiner is configured to calculate a convex hull based on a position of speakers of the first speaker setup and to determine the position of the imaginary speaker according to a QuickHull algorithm, wherein the position of the imaginary speaker and the position of speakers of the first speaker setup is arranged at the convex hull within a predefined threshold. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the apparatus is configured to provide a validity information of the first speaker setup indicating that a position of every speaker in the first speaker setup is arranged at the convex hull within a predefined threshold or indicating that a position of at least one speaker in the first speaker setup is arranged outside the convex hull within a predefined threshold. 15. An audio system, comprising
an apparatus according to claim 1; and a plurality of loudspeakers according to the plurality of audio channels; wherein the plurality of loudspeakers is configured to receive the plurality of audio channels and to provide a plurality of acoustic signals based on the plurality of audio channels. 16. A method for generating a plurality of audio channels for a first speaker setup, comprising:
determining a position of an imaginary speaker not comprised in the first speaker setup and acquiring a second speaker setup comprising the imaginary speaker; calculating an energy distribution from the imaginary speaker to the other speakers in the second speaker setup; repeating the energy distribution and acquiring a downmix information for a downmix from the second speaker setup to the first speaker setup; and generating the plurality of audio channels using the downmix information. 17. A non-transitory storage medium having stored thereon a computer program comprising program code for performing a method for generating a plurality of audio channels for a first speaker setup, comprising:
determining a position of an imaginary speaker not comprised in the first speaker setup and acquiring a second speaker setup comprising the imaginary speaker; calculating an energy distribution from the imaginary speaker to the other speakers in the second speaker setup; repeating the energy distribution and acquiring a downmix information for a downmix from the second speaker setup to the first speaker setup; and generating the plurality of audio channels using the downmix information, when said computer program runs on a computer. | An apparatus for generating a plurality of audio channels for a first speaker setup is characterized by an imaginary speaker determiner, an energy distribution calculator, a processor and a renderer. The imaginary speaker determiner is configured to determine a position of an imaginary speaker not contained in the first speaker setup to obtain a second speaker setup containing the imaginary speaker. The energy distribution calculator is configured to calculate an energy distribution from the imaginary speaker to the other speakers in the second speaker setup. The processor is configured to repeat the energy distribution to obtain a downmix information for a downmix from the second speaker setup to the first speaker setup. The renderer is configured to generate the plurality of audio channels using the downmix information.1. An apparatus for generating a plurality of audio channels for a first speaker setup, comprising:
an imaginary speaker determiner for determining a position of an imaginary speaker not comprised in the first speaker setup to acquire a second speaker setup comprising the imaginary speaker; an energy distribution calculator for calculating an energy distribution from the imaginary speaker to the other speakers in the second speaker setup; a processor repeating the energy distribution to acquire a downmix information for a downmix from the second speaker setup to the first speaker setup; and a renderer for generating the plurality of audio channels using the downmix information. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to generate an energy distribution matrix based on the energy distribution, wherein the energy distribution matrix comprises elements representing the energy distribution of the imaginary speaker to another speaker of the second speaker setup. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to calculate a power of the energy distribution matrix, wherein the power is a predefined value, and wherein the processor is configured to acquire the downmix information based on the power of the energy distribution matrix. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to iteratively calculate a power of the energy distribution matrix, wherein a number of iteration steps is based on a value of the power of the energy distribution matrix. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the energy distribution calculator comprises a neighborhood estimator for determining at least one speaker of the second speaker setup that is a neighbor of the imaginary speaker, and wherein the energy distribution calculator is configured to calculate the energy distribution of the imaginary speaker to the at least one neighbor of the imaginary speaker. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the neighborhood estimator is configured to determine at least two speakers that are neighbors of the imaginary speaker and wherein the energy distribution calculator is configured to calculate the energy distribution such that the energy distribution among the at least two speakers that are neighbors of the imaginary speaker is equal within a predefined tolerance. 7. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the neighborhood estimator is configured to determine at least two speakers that are neighbors of the imaginary speaker and wherein at least one of the at least two speakers that are neighbors of the imaginary speaker is an imaginary speaker. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the speakers of the first speaker setup are arranged within a predefined tolerance in a geometric plane, wherein the geometric plane comprises a predefined listener position, and wherein the imaginary speaker is arranged at one side of the geometric plane. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a speaker of the first speaker setup is arranged at a first side of the geometric plane and wherein the imaginary speaker is arranged along a second side of the geometric plane opposing the first side of the geometric plane. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is comprised by a format conversion unit, wherein the format conversion unit is configured to output the plurality of audio channels based on a plurality of data channels and wherein a number of data channels is higher than a number of the plurality of audio channels. 11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a panner for generating panning coefficients for the second loudspeaker setup, and wherein the render is configured to generate the plurality of audio channels based on the downmix information and the panning coefficients. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the apparatus is comprised by an object renderer, wherein the object renderer is configured to output the plurality of audio channels based on position information of acoustic objects and wherein a number of panning coefficients is higher than a number of the plurality of audio channels. 13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaginary speaker determiner is configured to calculate a convex hull based on a position of speakers of the first speaker setup and to determine the position of the imaginary speaker according to a QuickHull algorithm, wherein the position of the imaginary speaker and the position of speakers of the first speaker setup is arranged at the convex hull within a predefined threshold. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the apparatus is configured to provide a validity information of the first speaker setup indicating that a position of every speaker in the first speaker setup is arranged at the convex hull within a predefined threshold or indicating that a position of at least one speaker in the first speaker setup is arranged outside the convex hull within a predefined threshold. 15. An audio system, comprising
an apparatus according to claim 1; and a plurality of loudspeakers according to the plurality of audio channels; wherein the plurality of loudspeakers is configured to receive the plurality of audio channels and to provide a plurality of acoustic signals based on the plurality of audio channels. 16. A method for generating a plurality of audio channels for a first speaker setup, comprising:
determining a position of an imaginary speaker not comprised in the first speaker setup and acquiring a second speaker setup comprising the imaginary speaker; calculating an energy distribution from the imaginary speaker to the other speakers in the second speaker setup; repeating the energy distribution and acquiring a downmix information for a downmix from the second speaker setup to the first speaker setup; and generating the plurality of audio channels using the downmix information. 17. A non-transitory storage medium having stored thereon a computer program comprising program code for performing a method for generating a plurality of audio channels for a first speaker setup, comprising:
determining a position of an imaginary speaker not comprised in the first speaker setup and acquiring a second speaker setup comprising the imaginary speaker; calculating an energy distribution from the imaginary speaker to the other speakers in the second speaker setup; repeating the energy distribution and acquiring a downmix information for a downmix from the second speaker setup to the first speaker setup; and generating the plurality of audio channels using the downmix information, when said computer program runs on a computer. | 2,400 |
346,289 | 16,804,685 | 2,415 | Provided is a cage for spinal surgery, in which an elastic structure having elasticity and a porous structure are combined with each other to elastically support the vertebra and increase a bone fusion rate.The cage for the spinal surgery includes an elastic structure having a plurality of leaf springs provided, respectively, on both sides of a frame, one end of which protrudes, and a porous structure coupled to the elastic structure while being elastically supported by the elastic structure, and disposed in space between neighboring vertebrae, with a plurality of bone fusion holes for bone growth being formed on a surface of the porous structure. | 1. A cage for spinal surgery, comprising:
an elastic structure having a plurality of leaf springs provided, respectively, on both sides of a frame, one end of which protrudes; and a porous structure coupled to the elastic structure while being elastically supported by the elastic structure, and disposed in space between neighboring vertebrae, with a plurality of bone fusion holes for bone growth being formed on a surface of the porous structure. 2. The cage of claim 1, wherein the elastic structure is configured such that the leaf springs disposed outside the porous structure are vertically installed at regular intervals, thus supporting a load acting on the porous structure. 3. The cage of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a protrusion that is formed on a front portion thereof in an entry direction of the elastic structure, and a fixing hole that is formed in a rear portion of the frame to insert a spinal surgery apparatus therein. 4. The cage of claim 1, wherein the porous structure comprises a bone insertion space that is defined to insert a bone graft therein, and a bone insertion hole that is formed in an upper portion of the bone insertion space to communicate with the bone insertion space. 5. The cage of claim 1, wherein a plurality of spikes is formed along outer edges of upper and lower portions of the porous structure to fix the porous structure to the vertebra. 6. The cage of claim 1, wherein the elastic structure and the porous structure are combined with each other to have a streamlined shape and have load resistance to elastically cope with an externally applied load. | Provided is a cage for spinal surgery, in which an elastic structure having elasticity and a porous structure are combined with each other to elastically support the vertebra and increase a bone fusion rate.The cage for the spinal surgery includes an elastic structure having a plurality of leaf springs provided, respectively, on both sides of a frame, one end of which protrudes, and a porous structure coupled to the elastic structure while being elastically supported by the elastic structure, and disposed in space between neighboring vertebrae, with a plurality of bone fusion holes for bone growth being formed on a surface of the porous structure.1. A cage for spinal surgery, comprising:
an elastic structure having a plurality of leaf springs provided, respectively, on both sides of a frame, one end of which protrudes; and a porous structure coupled to the elastic structure while being elastically supported by the elastic structure, and disposed in space between neighboring vertebrae, with a plurality of bone fusion holes for bone growth being formed on a surface of the porous structure. 2. The cage of claim 1, wherein the elastic structure is configured such that the leaf springs disposed outside the porous structure are vertically installed at regular intervals, thus supporting a load acting on the porous structure. 3. The cage of claim 1, wherein the frame comprises a protrusion that is formed on a front portion thereof in an entry direction of the elastic structure, and a fixing hole that is formed in a rear portion of the frame to insert a spinal surgery apparatus therein. 4. The cage of claim 1, wherein the porous structure comprises a bone insertion space that is defined to insert a bone graft therein, and a bone insertion hole that is formed in an upper portion of the bone insertion space to communicate with the bone insertion space. 5. The cage of claim 1, wherein a plurality of spikes is formed along outer edges of upper and lower portions of the porous structure to fix the porous structure to the vertebra. 6. The cage of claim 1, wherein the elastic structure and the porous structure are combined with each other to have a streamlined shape and have load resistance to elastically cope with an externally applied load. | 2,400 |
346,290 | 16,804,754 | 2,415 | A method selects frequency channels in a communication system using a frequency hopping method, in which data are transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver. The data are transmitted as data packets having a plurality of bits in a frequency/time block. A respective data packet is coded before transmission by the transmitter and is decoded after reception by the receiver. The transmission quality of the frequency channels is evaluated and, a decision is made for a selection of the frequency channel which is used for the transmission of the data. A likelihood ratio for the likelihood of a successful transmission is determined before the decoding by the receiver, the likelihood ratio is used as a metric for determining the interference state of the respective data packet, and the transmission quality of the respective frequency channel is evaluated on the basis of the interference state of the data packet. | 1. A method for selecting frequency channels in a communication system using a frequency hopping method, in which data are transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver by means of radio transmission, which comprises the steps of:
transmitting the data in a form data packets having a plurality of bits or in parts of the data packets in a frequency/time block; transmitting the parts of the data packets electively via a plurality of different frequency channels, wherein a respective data packet or parts of the respective data packet are coded before transmission by the transmitter and are decoded after reception by the receiver; evaluating a transmission quality of the frequency channels and, on a basis of an evaluation of the transmission quality of the frequency channels, a decision is made in respect of a selection of at least one frequency channel which is used to transmit the data, transmitting the data packet via the frequency channel from the transmitter to the receiver; receiving the data packet by the receiver; determining a likelihood ratio LR of a part of a data packet by the receiver; estimating by the receiver a frequency deviation of a frequency reference device of the transmitter; determining an interference state of the part of the data packet on a basis of the likelihood ratio LR; evaluating the transmission quality of a respective frequency channel on a basis of the interference state of the part of the data packet; selecting and/or correcting the respective frequency channel or frequency channel pattern on the basis of an evaluation result and/or the frequency deviation; and communicating a selected and/or corrected frequency channel or frequency channel pattern from the receiver to the transmitter. 2. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises:
providing a memory to store evaluations of the transmission quality of the frequency channel; and selecting the frequency channels and/or the frequency channel pattern on a basis of stored evaluations. 3. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises determining a quality indicator QI used to evaluate a respective frequency channel pattern on a basis of the evaluation of the transmission quality of the frequency channels and/or the interference state of the data packets. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the transmitter or the receiver is a consumption metering device to record consumption data or a data collector to collect the consumption data. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitter is an apparatus for determining the content level. 6. A method for selecting frequency channels in a communication system using a frequency hopping method, in which data are transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver by means of radio transmission, which comprises the steps of:
transmitting the data in a form data packets having a plurality of bits or in parts of the data packets in a frequency/time block; transmitting the data packets or the parts of the data packets electively via a plurality of different frequency channels, wherein a respective data packet or the parts of the respective data packet is coded before transmission by the transmitter and is/are decoded after reception by the receiver; evaluating a transmission quality of the frequency channels and, on a basis of an evaluation of the transmission quality of the frequency channels, a decision is made in respect of a selection of at least one frequency channel which is used to transmit the data; selecting the frequency channel or the frequency channels on a basis of a random value; and transmitting the random value to the receiver in each case before the data transmission so that the receiver can determine a selection that has been made on a basis of the random value. | A method selects frequency channels in a communication system using a frequency hopping method, in which data are transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver. The data are transmitted as data packets having a plurality of bits in a frequency/time block. A respective data packet is coded before transmission by the transmitter and is decoded after reception by the receiver. The transmission quality of the frequency channels is evaluated and, a decision is made for a selection of the frequency channel which is used for the transmission of the data. A likelihood ratio for the likelihood of a successful transmission is determined before the decoding by the receiver, the likelihood ratio is used as a metric for determining the interference state of the respective data packet, and the transmission quality of the respective frequency channel is evaluated on the basis of the interference state of the data packet.1. A method for selecting frequency channels in a communication system using a frequency hopping method, in which data are transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver by means of radio transmission, which comprises the steps of:
transmitting the data in a form data packets having a plurality of bits or in parts of the data packets in a frequency/time block; transmitting the parts of the data packets electively via a plurality of different frequency channels, wherein a respective data packet or parts of the respective data packet are coded before transmission by the transmitter and are decoded after reception by the receiver; evaluating a transmission quality of the frequency channels and, on a basis of an evaluation of the transmission quality of the frequency channels, a decision is made in respect of a selection of at least one frequency channel which is used to transmit the data, transmitting the data packet via the frequency channel from the transmitter to the receiver; receiving the data packet by the receiver; determining a likelihood ratio LR of a part of a data packet by the receiver; estimating by the receiver a frequency deviation of a frequency reference device of the transmitter; determining an interference state of the part of the data packet on a basis of the likelihood ratio LR; evaluating the transmission quality of a respective frequency channel on a basis of the interference state of the part of the data packet; selecting and/or correcting the respective frequency channel or frequency channel pattern on the basis of an evaluation result and/or the frequency deviation; and communicating a selected and/or corrected frequency channel or frequency channel pattern from the receiver to the transmitter. 2. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises:
providing a memory to store evaluations of the transmission quality of the frequency channel; and selecting the frequency channels and/or the frequency channel pattern on a basis of stored evaluations. 3. The method according to claim 1, which further comprises determining a quality indicator QI used to evaluate a respective frequency channel pattern on a basis of the evaluation of the transmission quality of the frequency channels and/or the interference state of the data packets. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the transmitter or the receiver is a consumption metering device to record consumption data or a data collector to collect the consumption data. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitter is an apparatus for determining the content level. 6. A method for selecting frequency channels in a communication system using a frequency hopping method, in which data are transmitted between a transmitter and a receiver by means of radio transmission, which comprises the steps of:
transmitting the data in a form data packets having a plurality of bits or in parts of the data packets in a frequency/time block; transmitting the data packets or the parts of the data packets electively via a plurality of different frequency channels, wherein a respective data packet or the parts of the respective data packet is coded before transmission by the transmitter and is/are decoded after reception by the receiver; evaluating a transmission quality of the frequency channels and, on a basis of an evaluation of the transmission quality of the frequency channels, a decision is made in respect of a selection of at least one frequency channel which is used to transmit the data; selecting the frequency channel or the frequency channels on a basis of a random value; and transmitting the random value to the receiver in each case before the data transmission so that the receiver can determine a selection that has been made on a basis of the random value. | 2,400 |
346,291 | 16,804,743 | 2,415 | The present invention provides a system used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the system including the mobile terminal device and a server, the server including a control device and one or more wireless devices, wherein: the one or more wireless devices transmit a service notification; the mobile terminal device transmits a visit confirmation request; at least one wireless device transmits a task notification; the mobile terminal device executes a task on the basis of the task notification and repeatedly transmits a task completion notification; at least one wireless device transmits a solution request; the mobile terminal device transmits a solution notification; at least one wireless device receives the solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. | 1. A system used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the system comprising the mobile terminal device and a server, the server including a control device and one or more wireless devices, wherein:
the one or more wireless devices transmit a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; upon receiving the service notification, the mobile terminal device transmits a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device; at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the visit confirmation request and transmits a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; the mobile terminal device executes the task on the basis of the task notification; upon completing the task, the mobile terminal device repeatedly transmits a task completion notification including the token; upon confirming that the task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; upon receiving the solution request, the mobile terminal device transmits a solution notification including the solution of the task; at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request is executed also on the basis of whether or not the number of task completion notifications including the token associated with the user identifier and received by the one or more wireless devices within a prescribed time for determining temporal density legitimacy is within a prescribed range. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request is executed also on the basis of whether or not the number of task completion notifications received within a prescribed period for determining spatial density legitimacy by a wireless device, among the one or more wireless devices, that received the task completion notification including the token associated with the user identifier exceeds a spatial density upper limit value. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the task is prime factorization of a composite number associated with the token, and
the solution notification includes a prime number obtained by executing the prime factorization of the composite number. 5. A server used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the server comprising a control device and one or more wireless devices, wherein:
the one or more wireless devices transmit a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives a visit confirmation request including a user identifier transmitted from the mobile terminal device and transmits a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; upon confirming that a task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted from the mobile terminal device, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives a solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 6. A mobile terminal device used to confirm that a user of the mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, wherein the mobile terminal device:
upon receiving a service notification transmitted from one or more wireless devices, transmits a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device; executes a task on the basis of a task notification received from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices and notifying a token and the task associated with the user identifier; upon completing the task, repeatedly transmits a task completion notification including the token; and when the mobile terminal device receives a solution request from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices, transmits a solution notification including a solution of the task. 7. A non-transitory, computer readable medium storing a set of programs for a system used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the system comprising the mobile terminal device and a server, the server including a control device and one or more wireless devices, the set of programs causing the execution of:
a step in which the one or more wireless devices transmit a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; a step in which, upon receiving the service notification, the mobile terminal device transmits a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the visit confirmation request and transmits a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; a step in which the mobile terminal device executes the task on the basis of the task notification; a step in which, upon completing the task, the mobile terminal device repeatedly transmits a task completion notification including the token; a step in which, upon confirming that the task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; a step in which, upon receiving the solution request, the mobile terminal device transmits a solution notification including the solution of the task; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and a step in which the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 8. A non-transitory, computer readable medium storing a program used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the program causing a server comprising a control device and one or more wireless devices to execute:
a step of transmitting a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; a step of receiving a visit confirmation request including a user identifier transmitted from the mobile terminal device and transmitting a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; a step in which, upon confirming that a task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted from the mobile terminal device, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives a solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and a step in which the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 9. A non-transitory, computer readable medium storing a program used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the program causing the mobile terminal device to execute:
a step in which, upon receiving a service notification transmitted from one or more wireless devices, a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device is transmitted; a step in which a task is executed on the basis of a task notification received from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices and notifying a token and the task associated with the user identifier; a step in which, upon completing the task, a task completion notification including the token is repeatedly transmitted; and a step in which, when the mobile terminal device receives a solution request from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices, a solution notification including a solution of the task is transmitted. 10. A method executed by a system used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the system including the mobile terminal device and a server, the server including a control device and one or more wireless devices, the method comprising:
a step in which the one or more wireless devices transmit a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; a step in which, upon receiving the service notification, the mobile terminal device transmits a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the visit confirmation request and transmits a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; a step in which the mobile terminal device executes the task on the basis of the task notification; a step in which, upon completing the task, the mobile terminal device repeatedly transmits a task completion notification including the token; a step in which, upon confirming that the task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; a step in which, upon receiving the solution request, the mobile terminal device transmits a solution notification including the solution of the task; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and a step in which the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 11. A method used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the method executed by a server including a control device and one or more wireless devices, the method comprising:
a step of transmitting a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; a step of receiving a visit confirmation request including a user identifier transmitted from the mobile terminal device and transmitting a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; a step in which, upon confirming that a task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted from the mobile terminal device, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives a solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and a step in which the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 12. A method used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the method executed by the mobile terminal device, the method comprising:
a step in which, upon receiving a service notification transmitted from one or more wireless devices included in a server, a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device is transmitted; a step in which a task is executed on the basis of a task notification received from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices and notifying a token and the task associated with the user identifier; a step in which, upon completing the task, a task completion notification including the token is repeatedly transmitted; and a step in which, when the mobile terminal device receives a solution request from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices, a solution notification including a solution of the task is transmitted. | The present invention provides a system used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the system including the mobile terminal device and a server, the server including a control device and one or more wireless devices, wherein: the one or more wireless devices transmit a service notification; the mobile terminal device transmits a visit confirmation request; at least one wireless device transmits a task notification; the mobile terminal device executes a task on the basis of the task notification and repeatedly transmits a task completion notification; at least one wireless device transmits a solution request; the mobile terminal device transmits a solution notification; at least one wireless device receives the solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification.1. A system used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the system comprising the mobile terminal device and a server, the server including a control device and one or more wireless devices, wherein:
the one or more wireless devices transmit a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; upon receiving the service notification, the mobile terminal device transmits a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device; at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the visit confirmation request and transmits a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; the mobile terminal device executes the task on the basis of the task notification; upon completing the task, the mobile terminal device repeatedly transmits a task completion notification including the token; upon confirming that the task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; upon receiving the solution request, the mobile terminal device transmits a solution notification including the solution of the task; at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request is executed also on the basis of whether or not the number of task completion notifications including the token associated with the user identifier and received by the one or more wireless devices within a prescribed time for determining temporal density legitimacy is within a prescribed range. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request is executed also on the basis of whether or not the number of task completion notifications received within a prescribed period for determining spatial density legitimacy by a wireless device, among the one or more wireless devices, that received the task completion notification including the token associated with the user identifier exceeds a spatial density upper limit value. 4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the task is prime factorization of a composite number associated with the token, and
the solution notification includes a prime number obtained by executing the prime factorization of the composite number. 5. A server used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the server comprising a control device and one or more wireless devices, wherein:
the one or more wireless devices transmit a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives a visit confirmation request including a user identifier transmitted from the mobile terminal device and transmits a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; upon confirming that a task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted from the mobile terminal device, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives a solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 6. A mobile terminal device used to confirm that a user of the mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, wherein the mobile terminal device:
upon receiving a service notification transmitted from one or more wireless devices, transmits a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device; executes a task on the basis of a task notification received from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices and notifying a token and the task associated with the user identifier; upon completing the task, repeatedly transmits a task completion notification including the token; and when the mobile terminal device receives a solution request from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices, transmits a solution notification including a solution of the task. 7. A non-transitory, computer readable medium storing a set of programs for a system used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the system comprising the mobile terminal device and a server, the server including a control device and one or more wireless devices, the set of programs causing the execution of:
a step in which the one or more wireless devices transmit a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; a step in which, upon receiving the service notification, the mobile terminal device transmits a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the visit confirmation request and transmits a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; a step in which the mobile terminal device executes the task on the basis of the task notification; a step in which, upon completing the task, the mobile terminal device repeatedly transmits a task completion notification including the token; a step in which, upon confirming that the task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; a step in which, upon receiving the solution request, the mobile terminal device transmits a solution notification including the solution of the task; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and a step in which the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 8. A non-transitory, computer readable medium storing a program used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the program causing a server comprising a control device and one or more wireless devices to execute:
a step of transmitting a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; a step of receiving a visit confirmation request including a user identifier transmitted from the mobile terminal device and transmitting a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; a step in which, upon confirming that a task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted from the mobile terminal device, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives a solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and a step in which the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 9. A non-transitory, computer readable medium storing a program used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the program causing the mobile terminal device to execute:
a step in which, upon receiving a service notification transmitted from one or more wireless devices, a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device is transmitted; a step in which a task is executed on the basis of a task notification received from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices and notifying a token and the task associated with the user identifier; a step in which, upon completing the task, a task completion notification including the token is repeatedly transmitted; and a step in which, when the mobile terminal device receives a solution request from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices, a solution notification including a solution of the task is transmitted. 10. A method executed by a system used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the system including the mobile terminal device and a server, the server including a control device and one or more wireless devices, the method comprising:
a step in which the one or more wireless devices transmit a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; a step in which, upon receiving the service notification, the mobile terminal device transmits a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the visit confirmation request and transmits a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; a step in which the mobile terminal device executes the task on the basis of the task notification; a step in which, upon completing the task, the mobile terminal device repeatedly transmits a task completion notification including the token; a step in which, upon confirming that the task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; a step in which, upon receiving the solution request, the mobile terminal device transmits a solution notification including the solution of the task; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives the solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and a step in which the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 11. A method used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the method executed by a server including a control device and one or more wireless devices, the method comprising:
a step of transmitting a service notification notifying that a visit confirmation service is available; a step of receiving a visit confirmation request including a user identifier transmitted from the mobile terminal device and transmitting a task notification issuing a notification about a token and a task associated with the user identifier; a step in which, upon confirming that a task completion notification has repeatedly been transmitted from the mobile terminal device, at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices transmits a solution request requesting a solution that is an output of the task; a step in which at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices receives a solution notification transmitted from the mobile terminal device; and a step in which the control device determines the legitimacy of the visit confirmation request on the basis of the solution notification. 12. A method used to confirm that a user of a mobile terminal device has visited a prescribed location, the method executed by the mobile terminal device, the method comprising:
a step in which, upon receiving a service notification transmitted from one or more wireless devices included in a server, a visit confirmation request including a user identifier identifying the user of the mobile terminal device is transmitted; a step in which a task is executed on the basis of a task notification received from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices and notifying a token and the task associated with the user identifier; a step in which, upon completing the task, a task completion notification including the token is repeatedly transmitted; and a step in which, when the mobile terminal device receives a solution request from at least one wireless device of the one or more wireless devices, a solution notification including a solution of the task is transmitted. | 2,400 |
346,292 | 16,804,713 | 2,415 | Example methods and devices for sending a beam refinement protocol packet are provided in this application, which support a transmission format of multi-channel transmission and multi-antenna transmission. One example method for sending a beam refinement protocol packet includes determining a transmission format of a beam training (TRN) subfield by a first device based on first information. The first information includes information indicating a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield on each channel and information indicating a channel aggregation mode. The first device sends a beam refinement protocol packet to a second device on a transmit chain based on the transmission format, where the beam refinement protocol packet includes a data field and a TRN field, and the TRN field includes a plurality of TRN subfields. | 1. A method for sending a beam refinement protocol packet, comprising:
determining, by a first device, a transmission format of a beam training (TRN) subfield based on first information, wherein the first information comprises information indicating a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield on each channel and information indicating a channel aggregation mode; and sending, by the first device, a beam refinement protocol packet to a second device on a transmit chain based on the transmission format, wherein the beam refinement protocol packet comprises a data field and a TRN field, and wherein the TRN field comprises a plurality of TRN subfields. 2. (canceled) 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 2, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, and sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 4, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain, sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain, and sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 6, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], and a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1]. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 8, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a seventh TRN basic sub-sequence on a seventh transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending an eighth TRN basic sub-sequence on an eighth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the seventh TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], and a mask used by the eighth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1]. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein a length of a Golay sequence composing the TRN subfield is TRN_BL×NCBj/2, wherein TRN_BL is length information of the Golay sequence that is indicated in a header of the beam refinement protocol packet, wherein NCBj is a quantity of consecutive channels used for transmitting the TRN subfield on a jth channel, wherein the TRN subfield is composed of the Golay sequence, and wherein j=1 or 2. 8. A device for sending a beam refinement protocol packet, comprising:
at least one processor; a memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, instruct the at least one processor to determine a transmission format of a beam training (TRN) subfield based on first information, wherein the first information comprises information indicating a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield on each channel and information indicating a channel aggregation mode; and a transceiver, configured to send a beam refinement protocol packet to a second device on a transmit chain based on the transmission format, wherein the beam refinement protocol packet comprises a data field and a TRN field, and wherein the TRN field comprises a plurality of TRN subfields. 9. (canceled) 10. The device according to claim 8, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 2, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, and sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain. 11. The device according to claim 8, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 4, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain, sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain, and sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain. 12. The device according to claim 8, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 6, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], and a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1]. 13. The device according to claim 8, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 8, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a seventh TRN basic sub-sequence on a seventh transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending an eighth TRN basic sub-sequence on an eighth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the seventh TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], and a mask used by the eighth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1]. 14. The device according to claim 8, wherein a length of a Golay sequence composing the TRN subfield is TRN_BL×NCBj/2, wherein TRN_BL is length information of the Golay sequence that is indicated in a header of the beam refinement protocol packet, wherein NCBj is a quantity of consecutive channels used for transmitting the TRN subfield on a jth channel, wherein the TRN subfield is composed of the Golay sequence, and wherein j=1 or 2. 15. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium is configured to store instructions, and wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor of a device for sending a beam refinement protocol packet, cause the device to perform operations comprising:
determining a transmission format of a beam training (TRN) subfield based on first information, wherein the first information comprises information indicating a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield on each channel and information indicating a channel aggregation mode; and sending a beam refinement protocol packet to a second device on a transmit chain based on the transmission format, wherein the beam refinement protocol packet comprises a data field and a TRN field, and wherein the TRN field comprises a plurality of TRN subfields. 16. (canceled) 17. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 2, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, and sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain. 18. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 4, the transmission format of the TRN subfield is sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain, sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain, and sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain. 19. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 6, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], and a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1]. 20. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 8, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a seventh TRN basic sub-sequence on a seventh transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending an eighth TRN basic sub-sequence on an eighth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the seventh TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], and a mask used by the eighth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1]. | Example methods and devices for sending a beam refinement protocol packet are provided in this application, which support a transmission format of multi-channel transmission and multi-antenna transmission. One example method for sending a beam refinement protocol packet includes determining a transmission format of a beam training (TRN) subfield by a first device based on first information. The first information includes information indicating a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield on each channel and information indicating a channel aggregation mode. The first device sends a beam refinement protocol packet to a second device on a transmit chain based on the transmission format, where the beam refinement protocol packet includes a data field and a TRN field, and the TRN field includes a plurality of TRN subfields.1. A method for sending a beam refinement protocol packet, comprising:
determining, by a first device, a transmission format of a beam training (TRN) subfield based on first information, wherein the first information comprises information indicating a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield on each channel and information indicating a channel aggregation mode; and sending, by the first device, a beam refinement protocol packet to a second device on a transmit chain based on the transmission format, wherein the beam refinement protocol packet comprises a data field and a TRN field, and wherein the TRN field comprises a plurality of TRN subfields. 2. (canceled) 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 2, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, and sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 4, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain, sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain, and sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 6, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], and a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1]. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 8, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a seventh TRN basic sub-sequence on a seventh transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending an eighth TRN basic sub-sequence on an eighth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the seventh TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], and a mask used by the eighth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1]. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein a length of a Golay sequence composing the TRN subfield is TRN_BL×NCBj/2, wherein TRN_BL is length information of the Golay sequence that is indicated in a header of the beam refinement protocol packet, wherein NCBj is a quantity of consecutive channels used for transmitting the TRN subfield on a jth channel, wherein the TRN subfield is composed of the Golay sequence, and wherein j=1 or 2. 8. A device for sending a beam refinement protocol packet, comprising:
at least one processor; a memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, instruct the at least one processor to determine a transmission format of a beam training (TRN) subfield based on first information, wherein the first information comprises information indicating a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield on each channel and information indicating a channel aggregation mode; and a transceiver, configured to send a beam refinement protocol packet to a second device on a transmit chain based on the transmission format, wherein the beam refinement protocol packet comprises a data field and a TRN field, and wherein the TRN field comprises a plurality of TRN subfields. 9. (canceled) 10. The device according to claim 8, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 2, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, and sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain. 11. The device according to claim 8, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 4, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain, sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain, and sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain. 12. The device according to claim 8, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 6, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], and a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1]. 13. The device according to claim 8, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 8, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a seventh TRN basic sub-sequence on a seventh transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending an eighth TRN basic sub-sequence on an eighth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the seventh TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], and a mask used by the eighth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1]. 14. The device according to claim 8, wherein a length of a Golay sequence composing the TRN subfield is TRN_BL×NCBj/2, wherein TRN_BL is length information of the Golay sequence that is indicated in a header of the beam refinement protocol packet, wherein NCBj is a quantity of consecutive channels used for transmitting the TRN subfield on a jth channel, wherein the TRN subfield is composed of the Golay sequence, and wherein j=1 or 2. 15. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium is configured to store instructions, and wherein the instructions, when executed by at least one processor of a device for sending a beam refinement protocol packet, cause the device to perform operations comprising:
determining a transmission format of a beam training (TRN) subfield based on first information, wherein the first information comprises information indicating a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield on each channel and information indicating a channel aggregation mode; and sending a beam refinement protocol packet to a second device on a transmit chain based on the transmission format, wherein the beam refinement protocol packet comprises a data field and a TRN field, and wherein the TRN field comprises a plurality of TRN subfields. 16. (canceled) 17. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 2, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, and sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain. 18. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 4, the transmission format of the TRN subfield is sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain, sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain, sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain, and sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain. 19. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 6, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], and a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1]. 20. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 15, wherein:
when a quantity of transmit chains used for transmitting the TRN subfield is 8, the transmission format of the TRN subfield comprises separately sending a first TRN basic sub-sequence on a first transmit chain in two time units, separately sending a second TRN basic sub-sequence on a second transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a third TRN basic sub-sequence on a third transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fourth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fourth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a fifth TRN basic sub-sequence on a fifth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a sixth TRN basic sub-sequence on a sixth transmit chain in the two time units, separately sending a seventh TRN basic sub-sequence on a seventh transmit chain in the two time units, and separately sending an eighth TRN basic sub-sequence on an eighth transmit chain in the two time units; and a mask used by the first TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the second TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the third TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fourth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], a mask used by the fifth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the sixth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, 1], a mask used by the seventh TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1], and a mask used by the eighth TRN basic sub-sequence is [1, −1]. | 2,400 |
346,293 | 16,804,715 | 2,415 | The present disclosure provides methods and systems for propeller balancing of an aircraft comprising a propeller. Acceleration data is obtained from an acceleration sensor coupled to the aircraft. The acceleration data is filtered using a filter to obtain propeller-specific vibration data, the filter defining a range of acceptable frequencies associated with a frequency of rotation of the propeller. The propeller-specific vibration data is compared to trend data associated with the propeller. When the propeller-specific vibration data differs from the trend data beyond a predetermined threshold, an alert indicative of a balancing need for the propeller is issued. | 1. A method for propeller balancing of an aircraft comprising a propeller, the method comprising:
obtaining acceleration data from an acceleration sensor coupled to the aircraft; filtering the acceleration data using a filter to obtain propeller-specific vibration data, the filter defining a range of acceptable frequencies associated with a frequency of rotation of the propeller; comparing the propeller-specific vibration data to trend data associated with the propeller; and when the propeller-specific vibration data differs from the trend data beyond a predetermined threshold, issuing an alert indicative of a balancing need for the propeller. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the filter is a bandpass filter, and wherein the range of acceptable frequencies defines a passband having a central frequency based on the frequency of rotation of the propeller. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising determining the central frequency by measuring the frequency of rotation of the propeller using a speed sensor associated with the propeller. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the acceleration data from the acceleration sensor comprises obtaining the acceleration data from an accelerometer coupled to an engine associated with the propeller. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein issuing an alert comprises indicating that a maintenance operation is required. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein issuing an alert comprises indicating a remaining flight time for the aircraft until a maintenance operation is required. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the propeller-specific vibration data in a memory store; and updating the trend data based on the propeller-specific vibration data. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein updating the trend data comprises updating a rolling average of a vibration level associated with the propeller. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising discarding portions of the propeller-specific vibration data associated with a period of ground operation for the aircraft. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining acceleration data comprises obtaining acceleration data sets for a plurality of flight stages during a flight mission, wherein filtering the acceleration data to obtain the propeller-specific vibration data comprises filtering the acceleration data sets to obtain vibration data sets, and wherein comparing the propeller-specific vibration data to the trend data comprises comparing the vibration data sets to trend data sets of the trend data associated with the plurality of flight stages. 11. A system for propeller balancing of an aircraft comprising a propeller, the system comprising:
a processing unit; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions executable by the processing unit for:
obtaining acceleration data from an acceleration sensor coupled to the aircraft;
filtering the acceleration data using a filter to obtain propeller-specific vibration data, the filter defining a range of acceptable frequencies associated with a frequency of rotation of the propeller;
comparing the propeller-specific vibration data to trend data associated with the propeller; and
when the propeller-specific vibration data differs from the trend data beyond a predetermined threshold, issuing an alert indicative of a balancing need for the propeller. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the filter is a bandpass filter, and wherein the range of acceptable frequencies defines a passband having a central frequency based on the frequency of rotation of the propeller. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are further executable for determining the central frequency by measuring the frequency of rotation of the propeller using a speed sensor associated with the propeller. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein obtaining the acceleration data from the acceleration sensor comprises obtaining the acceleration data from an accelerometer coupled to an engine associated with the propeller. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein issuing an alert comprises indicating that a maintenance operation is required. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein issuing an alert comprises indicating a remaining flight time for the aircraft until a maintenance operation is required. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable for:
storing the propeller-specific vibration data in a memory store; and updating the trend data based on the propeller-specific vibration data. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein updating the trend data comprises updating a rolling average of a vibration level associated with the propeller. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable for discarding portions of the propeller-specific vibration data associated with a period of ground operation for the aircraft. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein obtaining acceleration data comprises obtaining acceleration data sets for a plurality of flight stages during a flight mission, wherein filtering the acceleration data to obtain the propeller-specific vibration data comprises filtering the acceleration data sets to obtain vibration data sets, and wherein comparing the propeller-specific vibration data to the trend data comprises comparing the vibration data sets to trend data sets of the trend data associated with the plurality of flight stages. | The present disclosure provides methods and systems for propeller balancing of an aircraft comprising a propeller. Acceleration data is obtained from an acceleration sensor coupled to the aircraft. The acceleration data is filtered using a filter to obtain propeller-specific vibration data, the filter defining a range of acceptable frequencies associated with a frequency of rotation of the propeller. The propeller-specific vibration data is compared to trend data associated with the propeller. When the propeller-specific vibration data differs from the trend data beyond a predetermined threshold, an alert indicative of a balancing need for the propeller is issued.1. A method for propeller balancing of an aircraft comprising a propeller, the method comprising:
obtaining acceleration data from an acceleration sensor coupled to the aircraft; filtering the acceleration data using a filter to obtain propeller-specific vibration data, the filter defining a range of acceptable frequencies associated with a frequency of rotation of the propeller; comparing the propeller-specific vibration data to trend data associated with the propeller; and when the propeller-specific vibration data differs from the trend data beyond a predetermined threshold, issuing an alert indicative of a balancing need for the propeller. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the filter is a bandpass filter, and wherein the range of acceptable frequencies defines a passband having a central frequency based on the frequency of rotation of the propeller. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising determining the central frequency by measuring the frequency of rotation of the propeller using a speed sensor associated with the propeller. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the acceleration data from the acceleration sensor comprises obtaining the acceleration data from an accelerometer coupled to an engine associated with the propeller. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein issuing an alert comprises indicating that a maintenance operation is required. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein issuing an alert comprises indicating a remaining flight time for the aircraft until a maintenance operation is required. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the propeller-specific vibration data in a memory store; and updating the trend data based on the propeller-specific vibration data. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein updating the trend data comprises updating a rolling average of a vibration level associated with the propeller. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising discarding portions of the propeller-specific vibration data associated with a period of ground operation for the aircraft. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining acceleration data comprises obtaining acceleration data sets for a plurality of flight stages during a flight mission, wherein filtering the acceleration data to obtain the propeller-specific vibration data comprises filtering the acceleration data sets to obtain vibration data sets, and wherein comparing the propeller-specific vibration data to the trend data comprises comparing the vibration data sets to trend data sets of the trend data associated with the plurality of flight stages. 11. A system for propeller balancing of an aircraft comprising a propeller, the system comprising:
a processing unit; and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions executable by the processing unit for:
obtaining acceleration data from an acceleration sensor coupled to the aircraft;
filtering the acceleration data using a filter to obtain propeller-specific vibration data, the filter defining a range of acceptable frequencies associated with a frequency of rotation of the propeller;
comparing the propeller-specific vibration data to trend data associated with the propeller; and
when the propeller-specific vibration data differs from the trend data beyond a predetermined threshold, issuing an alert indicative of a balancing need for the propeller. 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the filter is a bandpass filter, and wherein the range of acceptable frequencies defines a passband having a central frequency based on the frequency of rotation of the propeller. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the instructions are further executable for determining the central frequency by measuring the frequency of rotation of the propeller using a speed sensor associated with the propeller. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein obtaining the acceleration data from the acceleration sensor comprises obtaining the acceleration data from an accelerometer coupled to an engine associated with the propeller. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein issuing an alert comprises indicating that a maintenance operation is required. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein issuing an alert comprises indicating a remaining flight time for the aircraft until a maintenance operation is required. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable for:
storing the propeller-specific vibration data in a memory store; and updating the trend data based on the propeller-specific vibration data. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein updating the trend data comprises updating a rolling average of a vibration level associated with the propeller. 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the instructions are further executable for discarding portions of the propeller-specific vibration data associated with a period of ground operation for the aircraft. 20. The system of claim 11, wherein obtaining acceleration data comprises obtaining acceleration data sets for a plurality of flight stages during a flight mission, wherein filtering the acceleration data to obtain the propeller-specific vibration data comprises filtering the acceleration data sets to obtain vibration data sets, and wherein comparing the propeller-specific vibration data to the trend data comprises comparing the vibration data sets to trend data sets of the trend data associated with the plurality of flight stages. | 2,400 |
346,294 | 16,804,709 | 2,415 | An input device, such as a joystick, has an operating device, a magnetorheological brake device, and a controller for activating the brake device. An operating lever is disposed on a supporting structure for pivoting around at least one pivot axis. The brake device is coupled with the pivot axis for controlled damping of a pivoting motion of the operating lever. The brake device has a rotary damper with two components, namely, an inside component and an outside component. The outside component radially surrounds the inside component and a damping gap is formed in between that is filled with a magnetorheological medium. The damping gap can be exposed to a magnetic field to damp a pivoting motion between the two contrapivoting components about an axis. One of the components has radial arms equipped with an electric coil whose winding extends adjacent to and spaced apart from the axis. | 1-35. (canceled) 36. An input device, comprising
an operating device, a magnetorheological brake device, and a control device for activating said brake device; said operating device including a supporting structure and an operating lever mounted to said supporting structure for pivoting around at least one pivot axis; at least one sensor for detecting a pivot angle of said operating lever; said brake device being coupled with said pivot axis for enabling a controlled damping of a pivoting motion of said operating lever by said control device; said brake device being a rotary damper having two components, including an inside component and an outside component radially surrounding said inside component, at least in sections thereof; said two components defining an annular and circumferential damping gap therebetween that is bordered radially inwardly by said inside component and radially outwardly by said outside component and that is at least partially filled with a magnetorheological medium; a magnet device configured for generating a magnetic field in said damping gap and for damping a pivoting motion between said two components that pivot counter to each other around an axis; and a plurality of radially extending arms disposed on at least one of said two components, and an electric coil mounted to at least one of said the arms and having at least one winding extending adjacent said axis and spaced apart from said axis. 37. The input device according to claim 36, which further comprises a resetting unit configured to automatically pivot said operating lever back to a nominal neutral position following actuation, and wherein said control device is configured to cause said brake device to selectively damp a resetting motion carried out by said resetting unit. 38. The input device according to claim 37, wherein said control device is configured, after actuation, to automatically fix said operating lever in a current actuating position, and to cause said brake device to perform a controlled setting of a deceleration torque, which is equal to or higher than a resetting torque of said resetting unit in the current actuating position. 39. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said operating lever is mounted on said supporting structure for pivoting about at least two pivot axes, and wherein at least one brake device is coupled with each pivot axis, and wherein said control device is configured, given a pivoting motion of said operating lever, to separately damp each of the pivot axes. 40. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said control device is configured to actuate said brake device in dependence on a pivoting angle of said operating lever acquired by said at least one sensor. 41. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said control device is configured to actuate said brake device depending on a control command of an input receiving unit to be coupled with said input device, and/or a control command from said input device itself. 42. The input device according to claim 41, wherein said control device is configured to convert the control command to a haptic signal that is perceptible on said operating lever, to provide the user with a perceptible haptic feedback in response to an input. 43. The input device according to claim 37, wherein said control device is configured, when a defined pivoting angle is reached, to increase a deceleration torque by way of said brake device through a specific pivoting angle range, and to fix said operating lever, following overcoming the pivoting angle range in a target position outside of a neutral position, and thereby to set, by way of said brake device, a controlled deceleration torque, which corresponds to, or is higher than, a resetting torque of said resetting unit in the target position. 44. The input device according to claim 36, further comprising a slide gate mechanism, wherein said control device is configured to simulate said slide gate mechanism, by a combination of a plurality of detent positions and a neutral position and a plurality of blockings of said operating lever dependent on a pivoting angle thereof. 45. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said control device is configured to decelerate and to enable the pivoting motion of said operating lever by way of said brake device in a controlled sequence, and in order to realize such a sequence, to set different levels of deceleration torques for the deceleration and enabling, and to set the deceleration torques for the deceleration and/or the enabling as a function of time and/or as a function of a pivoting angle of said operating lever. 46. The input device according to claim 45, wherein said control device is configured to set different deceleration torques of the sequence at such a frequency that the pivoting motion of said operating lever is damped by way of controlled vibrations having a frequency of at least 50 Hz. 47. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said brake device is coupled with the pivot axis via at least one transmission stage having a gear ratio between 2:1 and 5:1. 48. The input device according to claim 47, wherein said transmission stage comprises at least one belt drive, which couples the pivot axis with a rotation axis of said brake device. 49. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said two components are pivotable relative to one another only by a limited pivoting angle. 50. The input device according to claim 36, configured as a joystick. 51. A method for operating an input device, the method comprising:
providing a pivotable operating lever for the input device and, when the operating lever is pivoted about a pivot axis, at least in part by manual activation, accepting an input into an input receiving unit that is functionally connected with the input device; selectively damping and enabling a pivoting motion of the operating lever by way of a magnetorheological brake device coupled with the pivot axis; and driving the brake device by a control device, at least depending on the pivoting angle of the operating lever and/or a time and/or an operating state of the input receiving unit, to perform controlled modification of the damping. 52. The method according to claim 51, wherein the operating state of the input receiving unit relates to at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of a power status, speed, acceleration, position in space, ambience, ground traveled, work performed, selected user profile, selected operating mode, activities of an assistance system and in particular operating assistance system, software-simulated situation, and input conditions for operating a program. 53. The method according to claim 51, wherein a pivotability of the operating lever is selectively increasingly damped or blocked, in the case of an operating state showing disturbances above a threshold value and/or endangerment, and/or if an assistance system actively intervenes in using the input receiving unit. 54. The method according to claim 51, which comprises, when an operating state with a parameter above a threshold value and/or danger above a threshold value, and/or an intervention by an assistance system by way of a controlled sequence of different deceleration torques is detected, generating a haptic signal during a pivoting motion of the operating lever. 55. The method according to claim 51, which comprises blocking a pivoting motion of the operating lever more intensely, variably but controlled, depending on a real operational situation and/or a software-simulated situation. | An input device, such as a joystick, has an operating device, a magnetorheological brake device, and a controller for activating the brake device. An operating lever is disposed on a supporting structure for pivoting around at least one pivot axis. The brake device is coupled with the pivot axis for controlled damping of a pivoting motion of the operating lever. The brake device has a rotary damper with two components, namely, an inside component and an outside component. The outside component radially surrounds the inside component and a damping gap is formed in between that is filled with a magnetorheological medium. The damping gap can be exposed to a magnetic field to damp a pivoting motion between the two contrapivoting components about an axis. One of the components has radial arms equipped with an electric coil whose winding extends adjacent to and spaced apart from the axis.1-35. (canceled) 36. An input device, comprising
an operating device, a magnetorheological brake device, and a control device for activating said brake device; said operating device including a supporting structure and an operating lever mounted to said supporting structure for pivoting around at least one pivot axis; at least one sensor for detecting a pivot angle of said operating lever; said brake device being coupled with said pivot axis for enabling a controlled damping of a pivoting motion of said operating lever by said control device; said brake device being a rotary damper having two components, including an inside component and an outside component radially surrounding said inside component, at least in sections thereof; said two components defining an annular and circumferential damping gap therebetween that is bordered radially inwardly by said inside component and radially outwardly by said outside component and that is at least partially filled with a magnetorheological medium; a magnet device configured for generating a magnetic field in said damping gap and for damping a pivoting motion between said two components that pivot counter to each other around an axis; and a plurality of radially extending arms disposed on at least one of said two components, and an electric coil mounted to at least one of said the arms and having at least one winding extending adjacent said axis and spaced apart from said axis. 37. The input device according to claim 36, which further comprises a resetting unit configured to automatically pivot said operating lever back to a nominal neutral position following actuation, and wherein said control device is configured to cause said brake device to selectively damp a resetting motion carried out by said resetting unit. 38. The input device according to claim 37, wherein said control device is configured, after actuation, to automatically fix said operating lever in a current actuating position, and to cause said brake device to perform a controlled setting of a deceleration torque, which is equal to or higher than a resetting torque of said resetting unit in the current actuating position. 39. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said operating lever is mounted on said supporting structure for pivoting about at least two pivot axes, and wherein at least one brake device is coupled with each pivot axis, and wherein said control device is configured, given a pivoting motion of said operating lever, to separately damp each of the pivot axes. 40. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said control device is configured to actuate said brake device in dependence on a pivoting angle of said operating lever acquired by said at least one sensor. 41. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said control device is configured to actuate said brake device depending on a control command of an input receiving unit to be coupled with said input device, and/or a control command from said input device itself. 42. The input device according to claim 41, wherein said control device is configured to convert the control command to a haptic signal that is perceptible on said operating lever, to provide the user with a perceptible haptic feedback in response to an input. 43. The input device according to claim 37, wherein said control device is configured, when a defined pivoting angle is reached, to increase a deceleration torque by way of said brake device through a specific pivoting angle range, and to fix said operating lever, following overcoming the pivoting angle range in a target position outside of a neutral position, and thereby to set, by way of said brake device, a controlled deceleration torque, which corresponds to, or is higher than, a resetting torque of said resetting unit in the target position. 44. The input device according to claim 36, further comprising a slide gate mechanism, wherein said control device is configured to simulate said slide gate mechanism, by a combination of a plurality of detent positions and a neutral position and a plurality of blockings of said operating lever dependent on a pivoting angle thereof. 45. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said control device is configured to decelerate and to enable the pivoting motion of said operating lever by way of said brake device in a controlled sequence, and in order to realize such a sequence, to set different levels of deceleration torques for the deceleration and enabling, and to set the deceleration torques for the deceleration and/or the enabling as a function of time and/or as a function of a pivoting angle of said operating lever. 46. The input device according to claim 45, wherein said control device is configured to set different deceleration torques of the sequence at such a frequency that the pivoting motion of said operating lever is damped by way of controlled vibrations having a frequency of at least 50 Hz. 47. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said brake device is coupled with the pivot axis via at least one transmission stage having a gear ratio between 2:1 and 5:1. 48. The input device according to claim 47, wherein said transmission stage comprises at least one belt drive, which couples the pivot axis with a rotation axis of said brake device. 49. The input device according to claim 36, wherein said two components are pivotable relative to one another only by a limited pivoting angle. 50. The input device according to claim 36, configured as a joystick. 51. A method for operating an input device, the method comprising:
providing a pivotable operating lever for the input device and, when the operating lever is pivoted about a pivot axis, at least in part by manual activation, accepting an input into an input receiving unit that is functionally connected with the input device; selectively damping and enabling a pivoting motion of the operating lever by way of a magnetorheological brake device coupled with the pivot axis; and driving the brake device by a control device, at least depending on the pivoting angle of the operating lever and/or a time and/or an operating state of the input receiving unit, to perform controlled modification of the damping. 52. The method according to claim 51, wherein the operating state of the input receiving unit relates to at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of a power status, speed, acceleration, position in space, ambience, ground traveled, work performed, selected user profile, selected operating mode, activities of an assistance system and in particular operating assistance system, software-simulated situation, and input conditions for operating a program. 53. The method according to claim 51, wherein a pivotability of the operating lever is selectively increasingly damped or blocked, in the case of an operating state showing disturbances above a threshold value and/or endangerment, and/or if an assistance system actively intervenes in using the input receiving unit. 54. The method according to claim 51, which comprises, when an operating state with a parameter above a threshold value and/or danger above a threshold value, and/or an intervention by an assistance system by way of a controlled sequence of different deceleration torques is detected, generating a haptic signal during a pivoting motion of the operating lever. 55. The method according to claim 51, which comprises blocking a pivoting motion of the operating lever more intensely, variably but controlled, depending on a real operational situation and/or a software-simulated situation. | 2,400 |
346,295 | 16,804,740 | 2,415 | Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to preparing models of three-dimensional structures. In particular, a model of a three-dimensional structure constructed of porous geometries is prepared. A component file including a porous CAD volume having a boundary is prepared. A space including the porous CAD volume is populated with unit cells. The unit cells are populated with porous geometries having a plurality of struts having nodes on each end. The space is populated with at least one elongated fixation element extending beyond the boundary to produce an interlocking feature enabling assembly or engagement with a mating structure. | 1. A method of preparing a computer-generated model of a three-dimensional structure constructed of porous geometries, the method comprising:
preparing a computer-generated component file including a porous CAD volume having a boundary having at least one predefined portion; populating, by a processor, a space including the porous CAD volume with unit cells overlapping the at least one predefined portion of the boundary; populating, by a processor, the unit cells with porous geometries, the porous geometries having a plurality of struts with nodes at each end thereof including at least a first strut overlapping the predefined portion of the boundary, the first strut further having a length, a first node outside the porous CAD volume, and a second node inside the porous CAD volume; removing all struts entirely outside the porous CAD volume, wherein, after the removal of the struts entirely outside the porous CAD volume, each of the remaining struts is connected to a node at each end thereof. | Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to preparing models of three-dimensional structures. In particular, a model of a three-dimensional structure constructed of porous geometries is prepared. A component file including a porous CAD volume having a boundary is prepared. A space including the porous CAD volume is populated with unit cells. The unit cells are populated with porous geometries having a plurality of struts having nodes on each end. The space is populated with at least one elongated fixation element extending beyond the boundary to produce an interlocking feature enabling assembly or engagement with a mating structure.1. A method of preparing a computer-generated model of a three-dimensional structure constructed of porous geometries, the method comprising:
preparing a computer-generated component file including a porous CAD volume having a boundary having at least one predefined portion; populating, by a processor, a space including the porous CAD volume with unit cells overlapping the at least one predefined portion of the boundary; populating, by a processor, the unit cells with porous geometries, the porous geometries having a plurality of struts with nodes at each end thereof including at least a first strut overlapping the predefined portion of the boundary, the first strut further having a length, a first node outside the porous CAD volume, and a second node inside the porous CAD volume; removing all struts entirely outside the porous CAD volume, wherein, after the removal of the struts entirely outside the porous CAD volume, each of the remaining struts is connected to a node at each end thereof. | 2,400 |
346,296 | 16,804,705 | 2,415 | The present invention relates to methods for the treatment of disorders mediated by MICA-expressing cells using antibodies, antibody fragments, and derivatives thereof that specifically bind MICA. The invention also relates to antibodies; cells producing such antibodies; methods of making such antibodies; fragments, variants, and derivatives of the antibodies; and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. | 1-47. (canceled) 48. A monoclonal antibody comprising (i) a heavy chain comprising the CDR 1 (SEQ ID NO: 92), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 95) and 3 (SEQ ID NO: 97) of the heavy chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 90 and (ii) a light chain comprising the CDR 1 (SEQ ID NO: 98), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 99) and 3 (SEQ ID NO: 100) of the light chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 91. 49. The antibody of claim 48, wherein said antibody binds to a cell surface bound MICA polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, a cell surface bound MICA polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, and a cell surface bound MICA polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 50. The antibody of claim 48, wherein said antibody has reduced binding to a mutant MICA polypeptide comprising a mutation at 1, 2, 3, 4 or more residues selected from the group consisting of E100, D101, N102, S103, T104, R105, N121, E123, T124 and E126, relative to binding between the antibody and a wild-type MICA polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1. 51. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody of claim 48, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 52. The antibody of claim 48, wherein said antibody is coupled to a cytotoxic agent. 53. The antibody of claim 48, wherein said antibody is conjugated or coupled to a detectable agent. 54. A recombinant nucleic acid encoding a heavy and/or light chain of the antibody of claim 48. 55. A hybridoma or recombinant host cell producing the antibody of claim 48. 56. A method for the treatment of a cancer in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering to said patient an effective amount a composition of claim 51. 57. A method for identifying a MICA-expressing cell in a subject, the method comprising obtaining a biological sample from a subject comprising cells, bringing said cells into contact with an antibody of claim 48 and assessing whether the antibody binds to the cells. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein said method is free of an additional prior step of determining whether said subject or cells comprise a MICA allele selected from the group consisting of MICA*001, MICA*004, MICA*007 and MICA*008. 59. A method for delivering a toxic molecule to a tumor cell, the method comprising exposing a tumor cell which expresses a MICA polypeptide to a monoclonal antibody of claim 48 linked to a toxic agent. | The present invention relates to methods for the treatment of disorders mediated by MICA-expressing cells using antibodies, antibody fragments, and derivatives thereof that specifically bind MICA. The invention also relates to antibodies; cells producing such antibodies; methods of making such antibodies; fragments, variants, and derivatives of the antibodies; and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same.1-47. (canceled) 48. A monoclonal antibody comprising (i) a heavy chain comprising the CDR 1 (SEQ ID NO: 92), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 95) and 3 (SEQ ID NO: 97) of the heavy chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 90 and (ii) a light chain comprising the CDR 1 (SEQ ID NO: 98), 2 (SEQ ID NO: 99) and 3 (SEQ ID NO: 100) of the light chain variable region of SEQ ID NO: 91. 49. The antibody of claim 48, wherein said antibody binds to a cell surface bound MICA polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, a cell surface bound MICA polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, and a cell surface bound MICA polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. 50. The antibody of claim 48, wherein said antibody has reduced binding to a mutant MICA polypeptide comprising a mutation at 1, 2, 3, 4 or more residues selected from the group consisting of E100, D101, N102, S103, T104, R105, N121, E123, T124 and E126, relative to binding between the antibody and a wild-type MICA polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 1. 51. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody of claim 48, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 52. The antibody of claim 48, wherein said antibody is coupled to a cytotoxic agent. 53. The antibody of claim 48, wherein said antibody is conjugated or coupled to a detectable agent. 54. A recombinant nucleic acid encoding a heavy and/or light chain of the antibody of claim 48. 55. A hybridoma or recombinant host cell producing the antibody of claim 48. 56. A method for the treatment of a cancer in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising administering to said patient an effective amount a composition of claim 51. 57. A method for identifying a MICA-expressing cell in a subject, the method comprising obtaining a biological sample from a subject comprising cells, bringing said cells into contact with an antibody of claim 48 and assessing whether the antibody binds to the cells. 58. The method of claim 57, wherein said method is free of an additional prior step of determining whether said subject or cells comprise a MICA allele selected from the group consisting of MICA*001, MICA*004, MICA*007 and MICA*008. 59. A method for delivering a toxic molecule to a tumor cell, the method comprising exposing a tumor cell which expresses a MICA polypeptide to a monoclonal antibody of claim 48 linked to a toxic agent. | 2,400 |
346,297 | 16,804,737 | 2,415 | A computer implemented method for scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation that can include defining a cellular automaton layer that defines a road network level behavior with at least one rule directed to pathways by vehicles on a passageway for travel. The method may further include defining an active matter layer that defines a vehicle level behavior with at least one rule directed to movement of the vehicles on an ideal route for the pathways; and defining a driver agent layer that defines driving nature with at least one rule that impacts changes in the vehicle level behavior dependent upon a characterization of driver behavior. The method may further include combining outputs from the different layer to provide scenario generations for autonomous vehicle navigation. The combining of the outputs can utilize a pseudo random value to determine at an order in the execution and duration of execution for the layers. | 1. A computer implemented method for scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation comprising:
defining a cellular automaton layer that defines a road network level behavior with at least one rule directed to pathways by vehicles on a passageway for travel; defining an active matter layer that defines a vehicle level behavior with at least one rule directed to movement of the vehicles on an ideal route for the pathways by the vehicles for the passageway for travel; defining a driver agent layer that defines driving nature with at least one rule that impacts changes in the vehicle level behavior dependent upon a characterization of driver behavior; and combining outputs from the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer to generate scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation, the combining of the outputs employing a pseudo random value to determine at an order in the execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer and the duration of execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer in generating the scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least one rule directed to pathway by vehicles on the passageway for travel includes at least one element defining a topography of the pathway for the vehicle, a topography of the passageway for travel, and a direction of travel for the vehicle on the passageway for travel. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle level behavior for the active matter layer comprises data selected from the group consisting of vehicle type, vehicle size, vehicle performance, and combinations thereof. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the characterization of driver behavior is in response to data selected from the group consisting of age, gender, vehicle selection, nationality and combinations thereof. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the changes in the vehicle level behavior are selected from the group consisting of changes in speed, changes in direction, changes in acceleration, changes in peripheral vision of drivers and combinations thereof. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the pseudo random value provides variation of the scenario being generated. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 6, wherein the pseudo random value is data selected from the group consisting of where the vehicle is located on the pathway, a velocity of the vehicle, the ideal route for the vehicle on the pathway, and combinations thereof. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 7, wherein the pseudo random value may be vehicle characteristic relative to a timestamp for the scenario generation. 9. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the pseudo random value is saved for reproducibility of the scenario being generated. 10. A system for scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation comprising:
a map extractor for setting a pseudo random value; a cellular automaton layer generator that defines a road network level behavior with at least one rule directed to pathways by vehicles on a passageway for travel; an active matter layer generator that defines a vehicle level behavior with at least one rule directed to movement of the vehicles on an ideal route for the pathways by the vehicles for the passageway for travel; a driver agent layer generator that defines driving nature with at least one rule that impacts changes in the vehicle level behavior dependent upon a characterization of driver behavior; and a scenario converging device including at least one processor for combining outputs from the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer to generate scenarios for autonomous vehicle navigation, wherein the combining outputs employs the pseudo random value to set an order for execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer to generate the scenarios. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the combining of the outputs employing the pseudo random value determines an order in the execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the combining of the outputs employing the pseudo random value determines a duration of execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer in generating the scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one rule directed to pathway by vehicles on the passageway for travel includes at least one element defining a topography of the pathway for the vehicle, a topography of the passageway for travel, and a direction of travel for the vehicle on the passageway for travel. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the vehicle level behavior for the active matter layer comprises data selected from the group consisting of vehicle type, vehicle size, vehicle performance, and combinations thereof. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the characterization of driver behavior is in response to data selected from the group consisting of age, gender, vehicle selection, nationality and combinations thereof. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the changes in the vehicle level behavior are selected from the group consisting of changes in speed, changes in direction, changes in acceleration, changes in peripheral vision of drivers and combinations thereof. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the pseudo random value provides variation of the scenario being generated. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the pseudo random value is data selected from the group consisting of where the vehicle is located on the pathway, a velocity of the vehicle, the ideal route for the vehicle on the pathway, and combinations thereof. 19. The system of claim 10, further comprising storage memory, wherein the pseudo random value is saved for reproducibility of the scenario in the storage memory. 20. A computer program product for scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
define a cellular automaton layer, using the processor, that defines a road network level behavior with at least one rule directed to pathways by vehicles on a passageway for travel; defining an active matter layer that defines a vehicle level behavior with at least one rule directed to movement of the vehicles on an ideal route for the pathways by the vehicles for the passageway for travel; define a driver agent layer, using the processor, that defines driving nature with at least one rule that impacts changes in the vehicle level behavior dependent upon a characterization of driver behavior; and combine outputs, using the processor, from the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer to provide scenario generations for autonomous vehicle navigation, the combining of the outputs employing a pseudo random value to determine at an order in the execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer and the duration of execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer in providing the scenario generations for autonomous vehicle navigation. | A computer implemented method for scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation that can include defining a cellular automaton layer that defines a road network level behavior with at least one rule directed to pathways by vehicles on a passageway for travel. The method may further include defining an active matter layer that defines a vehicle level behavior with at least one rule directed to movement of the vehicles on an ideal route for the pathways; and defining a driver agent layer that defines driving nature with at least one rule that impacts changes in the vehicle level behavior dependent upon a characterization of driver behavior. The method may further include combining outputs from the different layer to provide scenario generations for autonomous vehicle navigation. The combining of the outputs can utilize a pseudo random value to determine at an order in the execution and duration of execution for the layers.1. A computer implemented method for scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation comprising:
defining a cellular automaton layer that defines a road network level behavior with at least one rule directed to pathways by vehicles on a passageway for travel; defining an active matter layer that defines a vehicle level behavior with at least one rule directed to movement of the vehicles on an ideal route for the pathways by the vehicles for the passageway for travel; defining a driver agent layer that defines driving nature with at least one rule that impacts changes in the vehicle level behavior dependent upon a characterization of driver behavior; and combining outputs from the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer to generate scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation, the combining of the outputs employing a pseudo random value to determine at an order in the execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer and the duration of execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer in generating the scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation. 2. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least one rule directed to pathway by vehicles on the passageway for travel includes at least one element defining a topography of the pathway for the vehicle, a topography of the passageway for travel, and a direction of travel for the vehicle on the passageway for travel. 3. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle level behavior for the active matter layer comprises data selected from the group consisting of vehicle type, vehicle size, vehicle performance, and combinations thereof. 4. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the characterization of driver behavior is in response to data selected from the group consisting of age, gender, vehicle selection, nationality and combinations thereof. 5. The computer implemented method of claim 4, wherein the changes in the vehicle level behavior are selected from the group consisting of changes in speed, changes in direction, changes in acceleration, changes in peripheral vision of drivers and combinations thereof. 6. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the pseudo random value provides variation of the scenario being generated. 7. The computer implemented method of claim 6, wherein the pseudo random value is data selected from the group consisting of where the vehicle is located on the pathway, a velocity of the vehicle, the ideal route for the vehicle on the pathway, and combinations thereof. 8. The computer implemented method of claim 7, wherein the pseudo random value may be vehicle characteristic relative to a timestamp for the scenario generation. 9. The computer implemented method of claim 1, wherein the pseudo random value is saved for reproducibility of the scenario being generated. 10. A system for scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation comprising:
a map extractor for setting a pseudo random value; a cellular automaton layer generator that defines a road network level behavior with at least one rule directed to pathways by vehicles on a passageway for travel; an active matter layer generator that defines a vehicle level behavior with at least one rule directed to movement of the vehicles on an ideal route for the pathways by the vehicles for the passageway for travel; a driver agent layer generator that defines driving nature with at least one rule that impacts changes in the vehicle level behavior dependent upon a characterization of driver behavior; and a scenario converging device including at least one processor for combining outputs from the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer to generate scenarios for autonomous vehicle navigation, wherein the combining outputs employs the pseudo random value to set an order for execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer to generate the scenarios. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the combining of the outputs employing the pseudo random value determines an order in the execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the combining of the outputs employing the pseudo random value determines a duration of execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer in generating the scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one rule directed to pathway by vehicles on the passageway for travel includes at least one element defining a topography of the pathway for the vehicle, a topography of the passageway for travel, and a direction of travel for the vehicle on the passageway for travel. 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the vehicle level behavior for the active matter layer comprises data selected from the group consisting of vehicle type, vehicle size, vehicle performance, and combinations thereof. 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the characterization of driver behavior is in response to data selected from the group consisting of age, gender, vehicle selection, nationality and combinations thereof. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the changes in the vehicle level behavior are selected from the group consisting of changes in speed, changes in direction, changes in acceleration, changes in peripheral vision of drivers and combinations thereof. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the pseudo random value provides variation of the scenario being generated. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the pseudo random value is data selected from the group consisting of where the vehicle is located on the pathway, a velocity of the vehicle, the ideal route for the vehicle on the pathway, and combinations thereof. 19. The system of claim 10, further comprising storage memory, wherein the pseudo random value is saved for reproducibility of the scenario in the storage memory. 20. A computer program product for scenario generation for autonomous vehicle navigation, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to:
define a cellular automaton layer, using the processor, that defines a road network level behavior with at least one rule directed to pathways by vehicles on a passageway for travel; defining an active matter layer that defines a vehicle level behavior with at least one rule directed to movement of the vehicles on an ideal route for the pathways by the vehicles for the passageway for travel; define a driver agent layer, using the processor, that defines driving nature with at least one rule that impacts changes in the vehicle level behavior dependent upon a characterization of driver behavior; and combine outputs, using the processor, from the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer to provide scenario generations for autonomous vehicle navigation, the combining of the outputs employing a pseudo random value to determine at an order in the execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer and the duration of execution of the cellular automaton layer, the active matter layer and the driver agent layer in providing the scenario generations for autonomous vehicle navigation. | 2,400 |
346,298 | 16,804,745 | 3,771 | An LAA exclusion clip includes first and second clip struts and a bias device. The clip struts together define a heart-proximate side, a heart-distal side, bias and open clip ends, each strut having a tissue-contacting surface disposed opposite one another. The bias device includes a first biasing portion connecting the first and second clip struts, disposed on the heart-proximate side of the clip struts, and crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-proximate side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end. The bias device includes a second biasing portion connecting the first and second clip struts, disposed on the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts, and crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end. | 1. An external left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion clip, comprising:
first and second clip struts together defining:
a heart-proximate side;
a heart-distal side;
a bias clip end; and
an open clip end opposite the bias clip end;
each strut having a tissue-contacting surface and being disposed opposite one another to face the tissue-contacting surfaces of the clip struts towards one another; a bias device comprising:
a first biasing portion:
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut;
disposed on the heart-proximate side of the first and second clip struts; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-proximate side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end; and
a second biasing portion:
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut;
disposed on the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end. 2. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first biasing portion is separate from and different from the second biasing portion. 3. The clip according to claim 2, wherein:
the first biasing portion comprises:
a first biasing spring; and
first anchoring portions that connect respectively to the first clip strut and to the second clip strut, the first biasing spring configured to permit movement of the first and second clip struts at least towards and away from one another; and
the second biasing portion comprises:
a second biasing spring; and
second anchoring portions that connect respectively to the first clip strut and to the second clip strut, the second biasing spring configured to permit movement of the first and second clip struts at least towards and away from one another. 4. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first and second biasing portions are configured to permit yaw movement of the first and second clip struts. 5. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first and second biasing portions are configured to permit yaw movement of the first clip strut independent of yaw movement of the second clip strut. 6. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first biasing portion connects the first clip strut to the second clip strut to substantially contain movement of the first and second clip struts within a strut plane; and the second biasing portion connects the first clip strut to the second clip strut to substantially contain movement of the first and second clip struts within the strut plane. 7. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first bias end at the bias clip end and a first open end at the open clip end; the second clip strut has a second bias end at the bias clip end and a second open end at the open clip end; the first biasing portion is connected to:
an intermediate position of the first clip strut between the first bias end and the first open end; and
an intermediate position of the second clip strut between the second bias end and the second open end; and
the second biasing portion is connected to:
an intermediate position of the first clip strut between the first bias end and the first open end; and
an intermediate position of the second clip strut between the second bias end and the second open end. 8. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first biasing portion is connected:
to the heart-proximate side of the first clip strut; and
to the heart-proximate side of the second clip strut; and
the second biasing portion is connected:
to the heart-distal side of the first clip strut; and
to the heart-distal side of the second clip strut. 9. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut comprises:
a first heart-proximate surface that transitions at an angle to the tissue-contacting surface of the first clip strut; and
a first heart-distal surface that transitions at an angle to the tissue-contacting surface of the first clip strut;
the second clip strut comprises:
a second heart-proximal surface that transitions at an angle to the tissue-contacting surface of the second clip strut; and
a second heart-distal surface that transitions at an angle to the tissue-contacting surface of the second clip strut;
the first biasing portion comprises:
a first fastening portion that connects to the first and second clip struts; and
a first spring portion configured to remain on or at a distance from the first and second heart-proximal surfaces as the clip struts move along a strut plane; and
the second biasing portion comprises:
a second fastening portion that connects to the first and second clip struts; and
a second spring portion configured to remain on or at a distance from the first and second heart-distal surfaces as the clip struts move along the strut plane. 10. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first and second clip struts and the bias device together form a clip having a maximum outer width that fits within a laparoscopic port having an interior diameter no greater than approximately 30 French. 11. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first and second clip struts have a maximum longitudinal length; the first biasing portion has a longitudinal length shorter than the maximum longitudinal length; and the second biasing portion has a longitudinal length shorter than the maximum longitudinal length. 12. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first and second biasing portions are springs comprising at least one of torsion springs, flat springs, and wire springs. 13. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first longitudinal axis; the second clip strut has a second longitudinal axis; and the first and second biasing portions balance forces such that the first and second clip struts undergo substantially no rotation about the respective first and second longitudinal axes when the first and second clip struts move in a strut plane. 14. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first longitudinal axis; the second clip strut has a second longitudinal axis; and the first and second biasing portions balance forces such that the first and second clip struts have substantially no torque when the first and second clip struts move in a strut plane. 15. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first bias end at the bias clip end; the second clip strut has a second bias end at the bias clip end; and which further comprises a delivery device:
removably connected to the first and second bias ends; and
configured to move the first and second clip struts in a strut plane. 16. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first clip strut has a first bias end and the second clip strut has a second bias end, and which further comprises a delivery device:
removably connected to the first and second bias ends; and configured to move the first and second clip struts independently in a strut plane. 17. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first bias end with a first proximal opening; the second clip strut has a second bias end with a second proximal opening; and which further comprises a delivery device:
removably connected to the first and second bias ends respectively through the first and second proximal openings; and
configured to move the first and second clip struts in a strut plane. 18. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first bias end with a first proximal opening; the second clip strut has a second bias end with a second proximal opening; and which further comprises a delivery device:
removably connected only to the first and second bias ends respectively through the first and second proximal openings; and
configured to move the first and second clip struts in a strut plane. 19. An external left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion clip, comprising:
first and second clip struts together defining:
a heart-proximate side;
a heart-distal side;
a bias clip end; and
an open clip end opposite the bias clip end;
each strut having a tissue-contacting surface and being disposed opposite one another to face the tissue-contacting surfaces of the clip struts towards one another; a first bias device:
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
having a first biasing portion:
disposed on the heart-proximate side of the first and second clip struts; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-proximate side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end; and
a second bias device:
different from the first bias device;
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
having a second biasing portion:
disposed on the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end. 20. An external left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion clip, comprising:
first and second clip struts:
each having a tissue-contacting surface;
being disposed opposite one another to face the tissue-contacting surfaces towards one another;
having a strut movement path between the tissue-contacting surfaces, the strut movement path having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; and
together defining:
a bias clip end; and
an open clip end opposite the bias clip end;
a bias device comprising:
a first biasing portion:
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut adjacent the bias clip end and adjacent the first side of the strut movement path; and
a second biasing portion:
different from the first biasing portion;
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut adjacent the bias clip end and adjacent the second side of the strut movement path. 21. An external left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion clip, comprising:
first and second clip struts:
each having a tissue-contacting surface;
being disposed opposite one another to face the tissue-contacting surfaces of the clip struts towards one another;
defining a volume between the opposing tissue-contacting surfaces, an extent from one of the tissue-contacting surfaces to the other of the tissue-contacting surfaces defining a strut plane having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; and
together defining:
a bias clip end; and
an open clip end opposite the bias clip end;
a bias device comprising:
a first biasing portion:
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut adjacent the bias clip end and adjacent the first side of the strut plane; and
a second biasing portion:
different from the first biasing portion;
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut adjacent the bias clip end and adjacent the second side of the strut plane. | An LAA exclusion clip includes first and second clip struts and a bias device. The clip struts together define a heart-proximate side, a heart-distal side, bias and open clip ends, each strut having a tissue-contacting surface disposed opposite one another. The bias device includes a first biasing portion connecting the first and second clip struts, disposed on the heart-proximate side of the clip struts, and crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-proximate side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end. The bias device includes a second biasing portion connecting the first and second clip struts, disposed on the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts, and crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end.1. An external left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion clip, comprising:
first and second clip struts together defining:
a heart-proximate side;
a heart-distal side;
a bias clip end; and
an open clip end opposite the bias clip end;
each strut having a tissue-contacting surface and being disposed opposite one another to face the tissue-contacting surfaces of the clip struts towards one another; a bias device comprising:
a first biasing portion:
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut;
disposed on the heart-proximate side of the first and second clip struts; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-proximate side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end; and
a second biasing portion:
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut;
disposed on the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end. 2. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first biasing portion is separate from and different from the second biasing portion. 3. The clip according to claim 2, wherein:
the first biasing portion comprises:
a first biasing spring; and
first anchoring portions that connect respectively to the first clip strut and to the second clip strut, the first biasing spring configured to permit movement of the first and second clip struts at least towards and away from one another; and
the second biasing portion comprises:
a second biasing spring; and
second anchoring portions that connect respectively to the first clip strut and to the second clip strut, the second biasing spring configured to permit movement of the first and second clip struts at least towards and away from one another. 4. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first and second biasing portions are configured to permit yaw movement of the first and second clip struts. 5. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first and second biasing portions are configured to permit yaw movement of the first clip strut independent of yaw movement of the second clip strut. 6. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first biasing portion connects the first clip strut to the second clip strut to substantially contain movement of the first and second clip struts within a strut plane; and the second biasing portion connects the first clip strut to the second clip strut to substantially contain movement of the first and second clip struts within the strut plane. 7. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first bias end at the bias clip end and a first open end at the open clip end; the second clip strut has a second bias end at the bias clip end and a second open end at the open clip end; the first biasing portion is connected to:
an intermediate position of the first clip strut between the first bias end and the first open end; and
an intermediate position of the second clip strut between the second bias end and the second open end; and
the second biasing portion is connected to:
an intermediate position of the first clip strut between the first bias end and the first open end; and
an intermediate position of the second clip strut between the second bias end and the second open end. 8. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first biasing portion is connected:
to the heart-proximate side of the first clip strut; and
to the heart-proximate side of the second clip strut; and
the second biasing portion is connected:
to the heart-distal side of the first clip strut; and
to the heart-distal side of the second clip strut. 9. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut comprises:
a first heart-proximate surface that transitions at an angle to the tissue-contacting surface of the first clip strut; and
a first heart-distal surface that transitions at an angle to the tissue-contacting surface of the first clip strut;
the second clip strut comprises:
a second heart-proximal surface that transitions at an angle to the tissue-contacting surface of the second clip strut; and
a second heart-distal surface that transitions at an angle to the tissue-contacting surface of the second clip strut;
the first biasing portion comprises:
a first fastening portion that connects to the first and second clip struts; and
a first spring portion configured to remain on or at a distance from the first and second heart-proximal surfaces as the clip struts move along a strut plane; and
the second biasing portion comprises:
a second fastening portion that connects to the first and second clip struts; and
a second spring portion configured to remain on or at a distance from the first and second heart-distal surfaces as the clip struts move along the strut plane. 10. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first and second clip struts and the bias device together form a clip having a maximum outer width that fits within a laparoscopic port having an interior diameter no greater than approximately 30 French. 11. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first and second clip struts have a maximum longitudinal length; the first biasing portion has a longitudinal length shorter than the maximum longitudinal length; and the second biasing portion has a longitudinal length shorter than the maximum longitudinal length. 12. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first and second biasing portions are springs comprising at least one of torsion springs, flat springs, and wire springs. 13. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first longitudinal axis; the second clip strut has a second longitudinal axis; and the first and second biasing portions balance forces such that the first and second clip struts undergo substantially no rotation about the respective first and second longitudinal axes when the first and second clip struts move in a strut plane. 14. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first longitudinal axis; the second clip strut has a second longitudinal axis; and the first and second biasing portions balance forces such that the first and second clip struts have substantially no torque when the first and second clip struts move in a strut plane. 15. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first bias end at the bias clip end; the second clip strut has a second bias end at the bias clip end; and which further comprises a delivery device:
removably connected to the first and second bias ends; and
configured to move the first and second clip struts in a strut plane. 16. The clip according to claim 1, wherein the first clip strut has a first bias end and the second clip strut has a second bias end, and which further comprises a delivery device:
removably connected to the first and second bias ends; and configured to move the first and second clip struts independently in a strut plane. 17. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first bias end with a first proximal opening; the second clip strut has a second bias end with a second proximal opening; and which further comprises a delivery device:
removably connected to the first and second bias ends respectively through the first and second proximal openings; and
configured to move the first and second clip struts in a strut plane. 18. The clip according to claim 1, wherein:
the first clip strut has a first bias end with a first proximal opening; the second clip strut has a second bias end with a second proximal opening; and which further comprises a delivery device:
removably connected only to the first and second bias ends respectively through the first and second proximal openings; and
configured to move the first and second clip struts in a strut plane. 19. An external left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion clip, comprising:
first and second clip struts together defining:
a heart-proximate side;
a heart-distal side;
a bias clip end; and
an open clip end opposite the bias clip end;
each strut having a tissue-contacting surface and being disposed opposite one another to face the tissue-contacting surfaces of the clip struts towards one another; a first bias device:
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
having a first biasing portion:
disposed on the heart-proximate side of the first and second clip struts; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-proximate side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end; and
a second bias device:
different from the first bias device;
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
having a second biasing portion:
disposed on the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut at the heart-distal side of the first and second clip struts adjacent the bias clip end. 20. An external left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion clip, comprising:
first and second clip struts:
each having a tissue-contacting surface;
being disposed opposite one another to face the tissue-contacting surfaces towards one another;
having a strut movement path between the tissue-contacting surfaces, the strut movement path having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; and
together defining:
a bias clip end; and
an open clip end opposite the bias clip end;
a bias device comprising:
a first biasing portion:
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut adjacent the bias clip end and adjacent the first side of the strut movement path; and
a second biasing portion:
different from the first biasing portion;
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut adjacent the bias clip end and adjacent the second side of the strut movement path. 21. An external left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion clip, comprising:
first and second clip struts:
each having a tissue-contacting surface;
being disposed opposite one another to face the tissue-contacting surfaces of the clip struts towards one another;
defining a volume between the opposing tissue-contacting surfaces, an extent from one of the tissue-contacting surfaces to the other of the tissue-contacting surfaces defining a strut plane having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; and
together defining:
a bias clip end; and
an open clip end opposite the bias clip end;
a bias device comprising:
a first biasing portion:
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut adjacent the bias clip end and adjacent the first side of the strut plane; and
a second biasing portion:
different from the first biasing portion;
connecting the first clip strut to the second clip strut; and
crossing over from the first clip strut to the second clip strut adjacent the bias clip end and adjacent the second side of the strut plane. | 3,700 |
346,299 | 16,804,746 | 3,771 | A form for forming a modular pavement slab with long and short cavities alternatingly formed around its periphery includes a header and a plurality of short and long forming tools. The header includes an inner vertical surface that defines a portion of the periphery of the modular pavement slab. The short forming tool includes an elongate body defining a longitudinal axis and having a proximal end positioned against the inner vertical surface of the header. The elongate body has a longitudinal bore therethrough and a riser bore defining an axis that is noncollinear to the longitudinal axis. A riser is releasably coupled to the riser bore. The long forming tool is substantially similar to the short forming tool. The elongate body, however, is longer than the short forming tool and includes two riser bores. A riser is releasably coupled to each respective riser bore. | 1. A forming tool for forming a cavity in a modular pavement slab fabricated using a form, the forming tool comprising:
an elongate body defining a longitudinal axis and having a proximal end positionable against a surface of the form, an opposite distal end, a longitudinal bore extending from the proximal end, and a riser bore defining an axis that is noncollinear to the longitudinal axis, the riser bore comprising a riser bore coupling surface; a fastener extending into the longitudinal bore of the elongate body, the fastener being coupled to the elongate body and configured for releasable connection to the form; and a riser comprising a riser coupling surface, the riser coupling surface being releasably connected to the riser bore coupling surface. 2. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein the riser bore coupling surface is a female threaded coupling surface and the riser coupling surface is a male threaded coupling surface threadedly engaging the female threaded coupling surface to form a fixed riser connection. 3. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1, further comprising an end plate positioned against the distal end of the elongate body,
said end plate comprising an end plate coupling surface and a first axially-extending surface, said distal end of the elongate body comprising a second axially-extending surface, said end plate being connected to the elongate body such that the first and second axially-extending surfaces are at least partially nested to reduce relative movement between the end plate and the elongate body, wherein the fastener and the end plate coupling surface releasably connect the elongate body to the surface of the form. 4. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein the riser comprises a driver-engaging surface formed in a distal end of the riser opposite the riser coupling surface, the driver-engaging surface being configured for receipt of a tool for dislodging the riser from the riser bore coupling surface. 5. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1, further comprising an end plate positioned against the distal end of the elongate body, wherein the end plate is coupled to the fastener to releasably connect the elongate body to the surface of the form. 6. The forming tool in accordance with claim 5, wherein the end plate comprises a tapered outer edge. 7. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein the elongate body comprises a tapered sidewall. 8. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1,
said elongate body further comprising a second riser bore defining a second axis that is noncollinear to the longitudinal axis, the second riser bore comprising a second riser bore coupling surface, said forming tool further comprising a second riser having a second riser coupling surface releasably connected to the second riser bore coupling surface. 9. The forming tool in accordance with claim 8, wherein the second riser bore coupling surface is a female threaded coupling surface and the second riser coupling surface is a male threaded coupling surface threadedly engaging the female threaded coupling surface to form a fixed second riser connection. 10. The forming tool in accordance with claim 8, wherein the elongate body comprises a tapered sidewall. 11. The forming tool in accordance with claim 10, wherein the first riser and the second riser each comprises a tapered sidewall. 12. A form for forming a modular pavement slab having a top surface and pluralities of long and short cavities alternatingly formed around a periphery of the modular pavement slab, said form comprising:
a first header comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface configured to define at least a portion of the periphery of the modular pavement slab during formation of the modular pavement slab; a plurality of short forming tools coupled to the inner surface of the first header, each short forming tool comprising:
a first elongate body defining a first longitudinal axis and having a first length, the first elongate body comprising a first riser bore defining a first riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the first longitudinal axis;
a first fastener coupled to the first elongate body, the first fastener extending through the first header and releasably coupled thereto; and
a first riser coupled to the first riser bore,
each short form tool being configured such that the first riser extends to a vertical position corresponding to the top surface of the modular pavement slab; and a plurality of long forming tools coupled to the inner surface of the first header and disposed alternatingly with the plurality of short forming tools, each long forming tool comprising:
a second elongate body defining a second longitudinal axis and having a second length that is longer than the first length, the second elongate body comprising second and third riser bores, the second riser bore defining a second riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the second longitudinal axis, and the third riser bore defining a third riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the second longitudinal axis;
a second fastener coupled to the second elongate body, the second fastener extending through the first header and releasably coupled thereto;
a second riser coupled to the second riser bore; and
a third riser coupled to the third riser bore,
each long form tool being configured such that the second and third risers extend to a vertical position corresponding to the top surface of the modular pavement slab. 13. The form in accordance with claim 12, further comprising:
a second header disposed parallel to the first header, the second header comprising an inner surface configured to define at least a second portion of the periphery of the modular pavement slab; a plurality of additional short forming tools coupled to the inner surface of the second header, each additional short forming tool positioned on the second header opposite a respective one of the plurality of long forming tools of the first header; and a plurality of additional long forming tools coupled to the inner surface of the second header, each additional long forming tool positioned on the second header opposite a respective one of the plurality of short forming tools of the first header. 14. The form in accordance with claim 12, the short forming tools and the long forming tools further comprising respective end plates positioned against distal ends of corresponding ones of the first and second elongate bodies, wherein the end plates are coupled to corresponding ones of the first and second fasteners to releasably connect the corresponding first and second elongate bodies to the first header. 15. The form in accordance with claim 12, wherein the first elongate bodies, the second elongate bodies, the first risers, the second risers, and the third risers respectively comprise tapered sidewalls. 16. A method of forming a modular pavement slab having a plurality of cavities formed around a periphery of the modular pavement slab, said method comprising:
positioning a first header of a modular pavement slab for receiving a paving material; coupling a plurality of forming tools to an inner surface of the first header, each forming tool comprising an elongate body defining a longitudinal axis, the elongate body comprising at least one riser bore defining a riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the longitudinal axis; coupling a riser to each respective riser bore of the plurality of forming tools; pouring a paving material into the modular pavement slab form and allowing the paving material to set to define the modular pavement slab; removing each respective riser from the plurality of forming tools; and removing the plurality of forming tools from the modular pavement slab. 17. The method in accordance with claim 16,
said step of coupling the plurality of forming tools comprising, for each respective forming tool, inserting a fastener through an opening defined in the first header and coupling the fastener to an end plate along a distal end of the respective elongate body. 18. The method in accordance with claim 17, wherein removing the plurality of forming tools comprises:
removing each of the fasteners from the respective forming tools; removing the first header from the modular pavement slab; and extracting each of the forming tools from the modular pavement slab. 19. The method in accordance with claim 16, further comprising:
positioning a second header opposite and parallel to the first header; coupling a plurality of additional forming tools to an inner surface of the second header, each additional forming tool comprising a second elongate body defining a second longitudinal axis, the second elongate body comprising at least one second riser bore defining a second riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the second longitudinal axis, each additional forming tool positioned on the second header opposite a respective one of the forming tools of the first header; and coupling a second riser to each respective second riser bore of the plurality of additional forming tools. 20. The method in accordance with claim 16, wherein coupling the plurality of forming tools to the inner surface of the first header comprises:
coupling a plurality of short forming tools to an inner surface of the first header, each short forming tool comprising a first elongate body defining a first longitudinal axis and having a first length, the first elongate body comprising a first riser bore defining a first riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the first longitudinal axis; and coupling a plurality of long forming tools to the inner surface of the first header, wherein the long forming tools are disposed such that the plurality of long forming tools alternate with respective ones of the plurality of short forming tools, each long forming tool comprising a second elongate body defining a second longitudinal axis and having a second length that is longer than the first length, the second elongate body comprising second and third riser bores, the second riser bore defining a second riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the second longitudinal axis, and the third riser bore defining a third riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the second longitudinal axis. | A form for forming a modular pavement slab with long and short cavities alternatingly formed around its periphery includes a header and a plurality of short and long forming tools. The header includes an inner vertical surface that defines a portion of the periphery of the modular pavement slab. The short forming tool includes an elongate body defining a longitudinal axis and having a proximal end positioned against the inner vertical surface of the header. The elongate body has a longitudinal bore therethrough and a riser bore defining an axis that is noncollinear to the longitudinal axis. A riser is releasably coupled to the riser bore. The long forming tool is substantially similar to the short forming tool. The elongate body, however, is longer than the short forming tool and includes two riser bores. A riser is releasably coupled to each respective riser bore.1. A forming tool for forming a cavity in a modular pavement slab fabricated using a form, the forming tool comprising:
an elongate body defining a longitudinal axis and having a proximal end positionable against a surface of the form, an opposite distal end, a longitudinal bore extending from the proximal end, and a riser bore defining an axis that is noncollinear to the longitudinal axis, the riser bore comprising a riser bore coupling surface; a fastener extending into the longitudinal bore of the elongate body, the fastener being coupled to the elongate body and configured for releasable connection to the form; and a riser comprising a riser coupling surface, the riser coupling surface being releasably connected to the riser bore coupling surface. 2. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein the riser bore coupling surface is a female threaded coupling surface and the riser coupling surface is a male threaded coupling surface threadedly engaging the female threaded coupling surface to form a fixed riser connection. 3. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1, further comprising an end plate positioned against the distal end of the elongate body,
said end plate comprising an end plate coupling surface and a first axially-extending surface, said distal end of the elongate body comprising a second axially-extending surface, said end plate being connected to the elongate body such that the first and second axially-extending surfaces are at least partially nested to reduce relative movement between the end plate and the elongate body, wherein the fastener and the end plate coupling surface releasably connect the elongate body to the surface of the form. 4. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein the riser comprises a driver-engaging surface formed in a distal end of the riser opposite the riser coupling surface, the driver-engaging surface being configured for receipt of a tool for dislodging the riser from the riser bore coupling surface. 5. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1, further comprising an end plate positioned against the distal end of the elongate body, wherein the end plate is coupled to the fastener to releasably connect the elongate body to the surface of the form. 6. The forming tool in accordance with claim 5, wherein the end plate comprises a tapered outer edge. 7. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1, wherein the elongate body comprises a tapered sidewall. 8. The forming tool in accordance with claim 1,
said elongate body further comprising a second riser bore defining a second axis that is noncollinear to the longitudinal axis, the second riser bore comprising a second riser bore coupling surface, said forming tool further comprising a second riser having a second riser coupling surface releasably connected to the second riser bore coupling surface. 9. The forming tool in accordance with claim 8, wherein the second riser bore coupling surface is a female threaded coupling surface and the second riser coupling surface is a male threaded coupling surface threadedly engaging the female threaded coupling surface to form a fixed second riser connection. 10. The forming tool in accordance with claim 8, wherein the elongate body comprises a tapered sidewall. 11. The forming tool in accordance with claim 10, wherein the first riser and the second riser each comprises a tapered sidewall. 12. A form for forming a modular pavement slab having a top surface and pluralities of long and short cavities alternatingly formed around a periphery of the modular pavement slab, said form comprising:
a first header comprising an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface configured to define at least a portion of the periphery of the modular pavement slab during formation of the modular pavement slab; a plurality of short forming tools coupled to the inner surface of the first header, each short forming tool comprising:
a first elongate body defining a first longitudinal axis and having a first length, the first elongate body comprising a first riser bore defining a first riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the first longitudinal axis;
a first fastener coupled to the first elongate body, the first fastener extending through the first header and releasably coupled thereto; and
a first riser coupled to the first riser bore,
each short form tool being configured such that the first riser extends to a vertical position corresponding to the top surface of the modular pavement slab; and a plurality of long forming tools coupled to the inner surface of the first header and disposed alternatingly with the plurality of short forming tools, each long forming tool comprising:
a second elongate body defining a second longitudinal axis and having a second length that is longer than the first length, the second elongate body comprising second and third riser bores, the second riser bore defining a second riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the second longitudinal axis, and the third riser bore defining a third riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the second longitudinal axis;
a second fastener coupled to the second elongate body, the second fastener extending through the first header and releasably coupled thereto;
a second riser coupled to the second riser bore; and
a third riser coupled to the third riser bore,
each long form tool being configured such that the second and third risers extend to a vertical position corresponding to the top surface of the modular pavement slab. 13. The form in accordance with claim 12, further comprising:
a second header disposed parallel to the first header, the second header comprising an inner surface configured to define at least a second portion of the periphery of the modular pavement slab; a plurality of additional short forming tools coupled to the inner surface of the second header, each additional short forming tool positioned on the second header opposite a respective one of the plurality of long forming tools of the first header; and a plurality of additional long forming tools coupled to the inner surface of the second header, each additional long forming tool positioned on the second header opposite a respective one of the plurality of short forming tools of the first header. 14. The form in accordance with claim 12, the short forming tools and the long forming tools further comprising respective end plates positioned against distal ends of corresponding ones of the first and second elongate bodies, wherein the end plates are coupled to corresponding ones of the first and second fasteners to releasably connect the corresponding first and second elongate bodies to the first header. 15. The form in accordance with claim 12, wherein the first elongate bodies, the second elongate bodies, the first risers, the second risers, and the third risers respectively comprise tapered sidewalls. 16. A method of forming a modular pavement slab having a plurality of cavities formed around a periphery of the modular pavement slab, said method comprising:
positioning a first header of a modular pavement slab for receiving a paving material; coupling a plurality of forming tools to an inner surface of the first header, each forming tool comprising an elongate body defining a longitudinal axis, the elongate body comprising at least one riser bore defining a riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the longitudinal axis; coupling a riser to each respective riser bore of the plurality of forming tools; pouring a paving material into the modular pavement slab form and allowing the paving material to set to define the modular pavement slab; removing each respective riser from the plurality of forming tools; and removing the plurality of forming tools from the modular pavement slab. 17. The method in accordance with claim 16,
said step of coupling the plurality of forming tools comprising, for each respective forming tool, inserting a fastener through an opening defined in the first header and coupling the fastener to an end plate along a distal end of the respective elongate body. 18. The method in accordance with claim 17, wherein removing the plurality of forming tools comprises:
removing each of the fasteners from the respective forming tools; removing the first header from the modular pavement slab; and extracting each of the forming tools from the modular pavement slab. 19. The method in accordance with claim 16, further comprising:
positioning a second header opposite and parallel to the first header; coupling a plurality of additional forming tools to an inner surface of the second header, each additional forming tool comprising a second elongate body defining a second longitudinal axis, the second elongate body comprising at least one second riser bore defining a second riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the second longitudinal axis, each additional forming tool positioned on the second header opposite a respective one of the forming tools of the first header; and coupling a second riser to each respective second riser bore of the plurality of additional forming tools. 20. The method in accordance with claim 16, wherein coupling the plurality of forming tools to the inner surface of the first header comprises:
coupling a plurality of short forming tools to an inner surface of the first header, each short forming tool comprising a first elongate body defining a first longitudinal axis and having a first length, the first elongate body comprising a first riser bore defining a first riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the first longitudinal axis; and coupling a plurality of long forming tools to the inner surface of the first header, wherein the long forming tools are disposed such that the plurality of long forming tools alternate with respective ones of the plurality of short forming tools, each long forming tool comprising a second elongate body defining a second longitudinal axis and having a second length that is longer than the first length, the second elongate body comprising second and third riser bores, the second riser bore defining a second riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the second longitudinal axis, and the third riser bore defining a third riser bore axis that is noncollinear to the second longitudinal axis. | 3,700 |
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