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1962 • President 's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service
1963 • Gold Key Award from University of Chicago , Medical and Biological Sciences Alumni Association
2000 • Inducted into the National Women 's Hall of Fame
2001 • Named a Virtual Mentor for the American Medical Association
2006 • <unk> Award from the National Research Center for Women & Families
2010 • Recipient of the first Dr. Frances O. Kelsey Award for Excellence and Courage in Protecting Public Health given out by the FDA
2012 • Honorary doctor of science degree from Vancouver Island University
2015 • Named to the Order of Canada
= Battle of Boroughbridge =
The Battle of Boroughbridge was a battle fought on 16 March 1322 between a group of rebellious barons and King Edward II of England , near Boroughbridge , north @-@ west of York . The culmination of a long period of antagonism between the King and Thomas , Earl of Lancaster , his most powerful subject , it resulted in Lancaster 's defeat and execution . This allowed Edward to re @-@ establish royal authority , and hold on to power for another five years .
Not in itself a part of the Wars of Scottish Independence , the battle is significant for its employment of tactics learned in the Scottish wars in a domestic , English conflict . Both the extensive use of foot soldiers rather than cavalry , and the heavy impact caused by the longbow , represented significant steps in military developments .
= = Background = =
Edward II was a weak and ineffectual king ( made to look the more so by comparison with his father and son , Edward I and Edward III ) , and his reign was marked by military failure and internal strife . A great number of the barony turned against the King , and the leader of the opposition eventually became Thomas of Lancaster . Lancaster was Edward 's cousin , and next to the King he was the richest man in the country . Through a set of regulations known as the Ordinances , Lancaster and his associates had been trying to put restrictions on royal authority , but by the late 1310s Edward was again in full control of central government . The situation was aggravated by the King 's ostentatious patronage of his favourite , Hugh Despenser , and Hugh 's father by the same name .
In 1319 , the King and Lancaster fell out during a failed campaign against Scotland . The next year Lancaster refused to attend a parliament summoned by the King , and later the same year , Edward obtained papal absolution from his oath to follow the Ordinances . Meanwhile , an inheritance dispute had broken out in the Welsh Marches between the Despensers and certain marcher lords , including Humphrey de Bohun , Earl of Hereford . Lancaster now took the initiative with the discontented . In 1321 he summoned two meetings of magnates , one at Lancaster 's residence of Pontefract in March , and the other at Sherburn in June . The meetings consisted of northern and marcher lords , as well as Lancaster 's own retainers , but little assistance was forthcoming from the northerners . The marcher rebellion , and the threat of civil war , forced the King to exile the younger Despenser , but the favourite was recalled within weeks .
Edward now seized the initiative , and moved northwards . Lancaster convened one final meeting at Doncaster in November , and also entered into an alliance with Robert I of Scotland to strengthen his hand against the King . In January 1322 Edward crossed the River Severn , and secured the surrender of several of the marcher lords while Lancaster remained passive . As the royal army crossed the River Trent after the Battle of Burton Bridge , Lancaster was forced to flee north . On 16 March Lancaster and his army had reached Boroughbridge by the River Ure where they were joined by the Earl 's Secretary Sir Robert de Holland and the force he had raised in Lancashire . There they were cut off by the forces of Sir Andrew Harclay , a veteran from the Scottish wars , who had gathered the levies from the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland .
= = Battle = =
When Lancaster arrived at the town of Boroughbridge , Harclay was already in possession of the bridge crossing the river . The rebel forces counted probably no more than 700 knights and men @-@ at @-@ arms , against the 4 @,@ 000 or so soldiers in the royal army . Lancaster initially tried to negotiate , but Harclay could not be swayed . Since there was no realistic alternative place to cross the river , and with the royal forces in pursuit from the south , the rebels had no choice but to fight . The ensuing battle was short and one @-@ sided .
Harclay had deployed his men on foot to hold the bridge from the northern side . Additional forces were placed at a nearby ford , though contemporary sources do not specify the exact location of this ford . The royal pikemen were deployed in a <unk> formation , a tactic learned from the Scots in the Scottish wars . The formation proved effective against the oncoming cavalry . The rebels divided into two columns ; one led by Hereford and Roger de Clifford , attacking the bridge on foot , the other under Lancaster , trying to cross the ford by horse . According to a graphic description in the chronicle the Brut , Hereford was killed as he crossed the bridge by a <unk> hiding underneath , who thrust his spear up through the Earl 's anus . Clifford was also severely injured , and that column of the army fell into disarray . Lancaster 's party fared little better ; under heavy archery fire his cavalry was cut off before it even reached the ford , and was forced to retreat . This event shows an early – if not entirely novel – effective use of the longbow against cavalry , a tactic which was to become central to future English military success .
Lancaster negotiated a truce with Harclay , and withdrew to the town . During the night a great number of the rebels deserted , and the next day the sheriff of York arrived from the south with additional forces . Lancaster , now greatly outnumbered and with no chance of retreat , had no choice but to surrender to Harclay .
= = Aftermath = =
Thomas of Lancaster was taken to Pontefract Castle , which by then had fallen to the King . There he was submitted to what was little more than a show trial , and – in front of a gathering of earls and barons – sentenced to death . On 22 March 1322 , he was led out of the castle and beheaded in front of a jeering crowd . In the years to come , a cult emerged around the person of the late earl as a martyr , and even a possible saint . Lancaster had shown no signs of extraordinary piety or other personal abilities during his lifetime , and the cult has been interpreted as a reaction to the incompetent and oppressive reign of Edward II .
Some thirty of Lancaster 's followers were also executed , among these Clifford and the baron John Mowbray .
Andrew Harclay was richly rewarded for his loyal and competent performance at Boroughbridge . On 15 March he was created Earl of Carlisle , and promised lands worth 1000 marks yearly . Yet Harclay , who had turned down Lancaster 's overtures to join in the rebellion , was no great adherent of the King . As a warden of the Scottish Marches he grew constantly more frustrated with the King 's idleness , and eventually negotiated a peace treaty with the Scots . This action on Harclay 's part amounted to treason , and early in 1323 he was apprehended by the King 's men , and hanged , drawn and quartered .
As for Edward II himself , his dependence on the Despensers grew only deeper , and their transgressions more severe . Lancaster 's supporters ( including Roger Mortimer , William Trussell and Robert de Holland ) found themselves systematically accused of false charges , being imprisoned and having their lands taken over by the <unk> . Mortimer and Trussell eventually fled to Paris where they were to be joined by Edward 's estranged wife Isabella who was to become Mortimer 's lover .
In 1327 Isabella and Mortimer staged a coup against the King . Edward II was deposed and his son , Edward III , succeeded in his place .
= = External sources = =
The Battle of Boroughbridge at The Battlefields Trust .
English Heritage Battlefield Report : Boroughbridge 1322
= History of Minnesota =
The history of the U.S. state of Minnesota is shaped by its original Native American residents , European exploration and settlement , and the emergence of industries made possible by the state 's natural resources . Minnesota achieved prominence through fur trading , logging , and farming , and later through railroads , and iron mining . While those industries remain important , the state 's economy is now driven by banking , computers , and health care .
The earliest known settlers followed herds of large game to the region during the last glacial period . They preceded the Anishinaabe , the Dakota , and other Native American inhabitants . Fur traders from France arrived during the 17th century . Europeans , moving west during the 19th century , drove out most of the Native Americans . Fort Snelling , built to protect United States territorial interests , brought early settlers to the area . Early settlers used Saint Anthony Falls for powering sawmills in the area that became Minneapolis , while others settled downriver in the area that became Saint Paul .
Minnesota gained legal existence as the Minnesota Territory in 1849 , and became the 32nd U.S. state on May 11 , 1858 . After the upheaval of the American Civil War and the Dakota War of 1862 , the state 's economy started to develop when natural resources were tapped for logging and farming . Railroads attracted immigrants , established the farm economy , and brought goods to market . The power provided by St. Anthony Falls spurred the growth of Minneapolis , and the innovative milling methods gave it the title of the " milling capital of the world " .
New industry came from iron ore , discovered in the north , mined relatively easily from open pits , and shipped to Great Lakes steel mills from the ports at Duluth and Two Harbors . Economic development and social changes led to an expanded role for state government and a population shift from rural areas to cities . The Great Depression brought layoffs in mining and tension in labor relations but New Deal programs helped the state . After World War II , Minnesota became known for technology , fueled by early computer companies Sperry Rand , Control Data and Cray . The Twin Cities also became a regional center for the arts with cultural institutions such as the Guthrie Theater , Minnesota Orchestra , and the Walker Art Center .
= = Native American inhabitation = =
The oldest known human remains in Minnesota , dating back about 9000 years ago , were discovered near Browns Valley in 1933 . " Browns Valley Man " was found with tools of the Clovis and Folsom types . Some of the earliest evidence of a sustained presence in the area comes from a site known as Bradbury Brook near Mille Lacs Lake which was used around 7500 BC . Subsequently , extensive trading networks developed in the region . The body of an early resident known as " Minnesota Woman " was discovered in 1931 in Otter Tail County . Radiocarbon dating places the age of the bones approximately 8 @,@ 000 years ago , approximately <unk> ± 70 BP or near the end of the Eastern Archaic period . She had a conch shell from a snail species known as Busycon <unk> , which had previously only been known to exist in Florida .
Several hundred years later , the climate of Minnesota warmed significantly . As large animals such as mammoths became extinct , native people changed their diet . They gathered nuts , berries , and vegetables , and they hunted smaller animals such as deer , bison , and birds . The stone tools found from this era became smaller and more specialized to use these new food sources . They also devised new techniques for catching fish , such as fish hooks , nets , and harpoons . Around 5000 BC , people on the shores of Lake Superior ( in Minnesota and portions of what is now Michigan , Wisconsin , and Canada ) were the first on the continent to begin making metal tools . Pieces of ore with high concentrations of copper were initially pounded into a rough shape , heated to reduce brittleness , pounded again to refine the shape , and reheated . Edges could be made sharp enough to be useful as knives or spear points .
Archaeological evidence of Native American settlements dates back as far as 3000 BC ; the Jeffers Petroglyphs site in southwest Minnesota contains carvings thought to date to the Late Archaic Period ( 3000 BC to 1000 BC ) . Around 700 BC , burial mounds were first created , and the practice continued until the arrival of Europeans , when 10 @,@ 000 such mounds dotted the state .
By AD 800 , wild rice became a staple crop in the region , and corn farther to the south . Within a few hundred years , the Mississippian culture reached into the southeast portion of the state , and large villages were formed . The Dakota Native American culture may have descended from some of the peoples of the Mississippian culture .
When Europeans first started exploring Minnesota , the region was inhabited primarily by tribes of Dakota , with the Ojibwa ( sometimes called Chippewa , or Anishinaabe ) beginning to migrate westward into the state around 1700 . The economy of these tribes was chiefly based on hunter @-@ gatherer activities . There was also a small group of Ho @-@ Chunk ( Winnebago ) Native Americans near Long Prairie , who later moved to a reservation in Blue Earth County in 1855 .
= = European exploration = =
Though highly controversial , an inscribed stone known as the Kensington Runestone suggests that a group of Norse explorers may have ventured as far inland as Minnesota as early as 1362 , though many consider it a hoax .
It was a few more centuries before contact between Europeans and Native Americans of Minnesota could be confirmed . In the late 1650s , Pierre Esprit Radisson and <unk> des Groseilliers were probably the first to meet Dakota Native Americans while following the southern shore of Lake Superior ( which would become northern Wisconsin ) . The north shore was explored in the 1660s . Among the first to do this was Claude <unk> , a missionary on Madeline Island . He made an early map of the area in 1671 .
Around this time , the Ojibwa Native Americans reached Minnesota as part of a westward migration . Having come from a region around Maine , they were experienced at dealing with European traders . They dealt in furs and possessed guns . Tensions rose between the Ojibwa and Dakota in the ensuing years .
In 1671 , France signed a treaty with a number of tribes to allow trade . Shortly thereafter , French trader Daniel Greysolon , Sieur du Lhut arrived in the area and began trading with the local tribes . Du Lhut explored the western area of Lake Superior , near his namesake , the city of Duluth , and areas south of there . He helped to arrange a peace agreement between the Dakota and Ojibwa tribes in 1679 .
Father Louis Hennepin with companions Michel Aco and Antoine <unk> ( aka Picard Du Gay ) headed north from the area of Illinois after coming into that area with an exploration party headed by René @-@ Robert Cavelier , Sieur de La Salle . They were captured by a Dakota tribe in 1680 . While with the tribe , they came across and named the Falls of Saint Anthony . Soon , Du Lhut negotiated to have Hennepin 's party released from captivity . Hennepin returned to Europe and wrote a book , Description of Louisiana , published in 1683 , about his travels where many portions ( including the part about Saint Anthony Falls ) were strongly embellished . As an example , he described the falls as being a drop of fifty or sixty feet , when they were really only about sixteen feet . Pierre @-@ Charles Le Sueur explored the Minnesota River to the Blue Earth area around 1700 . He thought the blue earth was a source of copper , and he told stories about the possibility of mineral wealth , but there actually was no copper to be found .
Explorers searching for the fabled Northwest Passage and large inland seas in North America continued to pass through the state . In 1721 , the French built Fort Beauharnois on Lake Pepin . In 1731 , the Grand Portage trail was first traversed by a European , Pierre La Vérendrye . He used a map written down on a piece of birch bark by <unk> , an Assiniboine guide . The North West Company , which traded in fur and competed with the Hudson 's Bay Company , was established along the Grand Portage in 1783 – 1784 .
Jonathan Carver , a shoemaker from Massachusetts , visited the area in 1767 as part of another expedition . He and the rest of the exploration party were only able to stay for a relatively short period , due to supply shortages . They headed back east to Fort Michilimackinac , where Carver wrote journals about the trip , though others would later claim the stories were largely plagiarized from others . The stories were published in 1778 , but Carver died before the book earned him much money . Carver County and Carver 's Cave are named for him .
Until 1818 the Red River Valley was considered British and was subject to several colonization schemes , such as the Red River Colony . The boundary where the Red River crossed the 49th parallel was not marked until 1823 , when Stephen H. Long conducted a survey expedition . When several hundred settlers abandoned the Red River Colony in the 1820s , they entered the United States by way of the Red River Valley , instead of moving to eastern Canada or returning to Europe . The region had been occupied by Métis people , the children of voyageurs and Native Americans , since the middle 17th century .
Several efforts were made to determine the source of the Mississippi River . The true source was found in 1832 , when Henry Schoolcraft was guided by a group of Ojibwa headed by <unk> ( " Yellow Head " ) to a lake in northern Minnesota . Schoolcraft named it Lake Itasca , combining the Latin words veritas ( " truth " ) and caput ( " head " ) . The native name for the lake was <unk> , meaning elk . Other explorers of the area include Zebulon Pike in 1806 , Major Stephen Long in 1817 , and George William Featherstonhaugh in 1835 . Featherstonhaugh conducted a geological survey of the Minnesota River valley and wrote an account entitled A Canoe Voyage up the <unk> <unk> .
Joseph Nicollet scouted the area in the late 1830s , exploring and mapping the Upper Mississippi River basin , the St. Croix River , and the land between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers . He and John C. Frémont left their mark in the southwest of the state , carving their names in the <unk> quarries near <unk> Falls ( an area now part of Pipestone National Monument in Pipestone County ) .
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow never explored the state , but he did help to make it popular . He published The Song of Hiawatha in 1855 , which contains references to many regions in Minnesota . The story was based on Ojibwa legends carried back east by other explorers and traders ( particularly those collected by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft ) .
= = Territorial foundation and settlement = =
= = = Land acquisition = = =
All of the land east of the Mississippi River was granted to the United States by the Second Treaty of Paris at the end of the American Revolution in 1783 . This included what would become modern day Saint Paul but only part of Minneapolis , including the northeast , north @-@ central and east @-@ central portions of the state . The wording of the treaty in the Minnesota area depended on landmarks reported by fur traders , who erroneously reported an " Isle <unk> " in Lake Superior , a " Long Lake " west of the island , and the belief that the Mississippi River ran well into modern Canada . Most of the state was purchased in 1803 from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase . Parts of northern Minnesota were considered to be in Rupert 's Land . The exact definition of the boundary between Minnesota and British North America was not addressed until the Anglo @-@ American Convention of 1818 , which set the U.S. – Canada border at the 49th parallel west of the Lake of the Woods ( except for a small chunk of land now dubbed the Northwest Angle ) . Border disputes east of the Lake of the Woods continued until the Webster @-@ Ashburton Treaty of 1842 .
Throughout the first half of the 19th century , the northeastern portion of the state was a part of the Northwest Territory , then the Illinois Territory , then the Michigan Territory , and finally the Wisconsin Territory . The western and southern areas of the state , although theoretically part of the Wisconsin Territory from its creation in 1836 , were not formally organized until 1838 , when they became part of the Iowa Territory .
= = = Fort Snelling and the establishment of Minneapolis and Saint Paul = = =
Fort Snelling was the first major U.S. military presence in the state . The land for the fort , at the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers , was acquired in 1805 by Zebulon Pike . When concerns mounted about the fur trade in the area , construction of the fort began in 1819 . Construction was completed in 1825 , and Colonel Josiah Snelling and his officers and soldiers left their imprint on the area . One of the missions of the fort was to mediate disputes between the Ojibwe and the Dakota tribes . Lawrence Taliaferro was an agent of the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs . He spent 20 years at the site , finally resigning in 1839 .
In the 1850s , Fort Snelling played a key role in the infamous Dred Scott court case . Slaves Dred Scott and his wife were taken to the fort by their master , John Emerson . They lived at the fort and elsewhere in territories where slavery was prohibited . After Emerson 's death , the Scotts argued that since they had lived in free territory , they were no longer slaves . Ultimately , the U.S. Supreme Court sided against the Scotts . Dred Scott Field , located just a short distance away in Bloomington , is named in the memory of Fort Snelling 's significance in one of the most important legal precedents in U.S. History .
By 1851 , treaties between Native American tribes and the U.S. government had opened much of Minnesota to settlement , so Fort Snelling no longer was a frontier outpost . It served as a training center for soldiers during the American Civil War and later as the headquarters for the Department of Dakota . A portion has been designated as Fort Snelling National Cemetery where over 160 @,@ 000 are interred . During World War II , the fort served as a training center for nearly 300 @,@ 000 inductees . After World War II , the fort was threatened with demolition due to the building of freeways Highway 5 and Highway 55 , but citizens rallied to save it . Fort Snelling is now a historic site operated by the Minnesota Historical Society .
Fort Snelling was largely responsible for the establishment of the city of Minneapolis . In an effort to be self @-@ sufficient , the soldiers of the fort built roads , planted crops , and built a grist mill and a sawmill at Saint Anthony Falls . Later , Franklin Steele came to Fort Snelling as the post sutler ( the operator of the general store ) , and established interests in lumbering and other activities . When the Ojibwe signed a treaty ceding lands in 1837 , Steele staked a claim to land on the east side of the Mississippi River adjacent to Saint Anthony Falls . In 1848 , he built a sawmill at the falls , and the community of Saint Anthony sprung up around the east side of the falls . Steele told one of his employees , John H. Stevens , that land on the west side of the falls would make a good site for future mills . Since the land on the west side was still part of the military reservation , Stevens made a deal with Fort Snelling 's commander . Stevens would provide free ferry service across the river in exchange for a tract of 160 acres ( 0 @.@ 65 km2 ) at the head of the falls . Stevens received the claim and built a house , the first house in Minneapolis , in 1850 . In 1854 , Stevens platted the city of Minneapolis on the west bank . Later , in 1872 , Minneapolis absorbed the city of Saint Anthony .
The city of Saint Paul , Minnesota owes its existence to Fort Snelling . A group of squatters , mostly from the ill @-@ fated Red River Colony in what is now the Canadian province of Manitoba , established a camp near the fort . The commandant of Fort Snelling , Major Joseph Plympton , found their presence problematic because they were using timber and allowing their cattle and horses to graze around the fort . Plympton banned lumbering and the construction of any new buildings on the military reservation land . As a result , the squatters moved four miles downstream on the Mississippi River . They settled at a site known as Fountain Cave . This site was not quite far enough for the officers at the fort , so the squatters were forced out again . Pierre " Pig 's Eye " Parrant , a popular <unk> among the group , moved downriver and established a saloon , becoming the first European resident in the area that later became Saint Paul . The squatters named their settlement " Pig 's Eye " after Parrant . The name was later changed to Lambert 's Landing and then finally Saint Paul . However , the earliest name for the area comes from a Native American colony Im @-@ in @-@ i @-@ ja Ska , meaning " White Rock " and referring to the limestone bluffs nearby .
Minneapolis and Saint Paul are collectively known as the " Twin Cities " . The cities enjoyed a rivalry during their early years , with Saint Paul being the capital city and Minneapolis becoming prominent through industry . The term " Twin Cities " was coined around 1872 , after a newspaper editorial suggested that Minneapolis could absorb Saint Paul . Residents decided that the cities needed a separate identity , so people coined the phrase " Dual Cities " , which later evolved into " Twin Cities " . Today , Minneapolis is the largest city in Minnesota , with a population of 382 @,@ 618 in the 2000 census . Saint Paul is the second largest city , with a population of 287 @,@ 151 . Minneapolis and Saint Paul anchor a metropolitan area with a population of 2 @,@ 968 @,@ 806 as of 2000 , with a total state population of 4 @,@ 919 @,@ 479 .
= = = Early European settlement and development = = =
Henry Hastings Sibley built the first stone house in the Minnesota Territory in Mendota in 1838 , along with other limestone buildings used by the American Fur Company , which bought animal pelts at that location from 1825 to 1853 . Another area of early economic development in Minnesota was the logging industry . Loggers found the white pine especially valuable , and it was plentiful in the northeastern section of the state and in the St. Croix River valley . Before railroads , lumbermen relied mostly on river transportation to bring logs to market , which made Minnesota 's timber resources attractive . Towns like Marine on St. Croix and Stillwater became important lumber centers fed by the St. Croix River , while Winona was supplied lumber by areas in southern Minnesota and along the Minnesota River . The unregulated logging practices of the time and a severe drought took their toll in 1894 , when the Great Hinckley Fire ravaged 480 square miles ( 1 @,@ 200 km2 ) in the Hinckley and Sandstone areas of Pine County , killing over 400 residents . The combination of logging and drought struck again in the <unk> Fire of 1910 and the <unk> Fire of 1918 .
Saint Anthony , on the east bank of the Mississippi River later became part of Minneapolis , and was an important lumber milling center supplied by the Rum River . In 1848 , businessman Franklin Steele built the first private sawmill on the Saint Anthony Falls , and more sawmills quickly followed . The oldest home still standing in Saint Anthony is the Ard Godfrey house , built in 1848 , and lived in by Ard and Harriet Godfrey . The house of John H. Stevens , the first house on the west bank in Minneapolis , was moved several times , finally to Minnehaha Park in south Minneapolis in 1896 .
= = = Minnesota Territory = = =
Stephen A. Douglas ( D ) , the chair of the Senate Committee on Territories , drafted the bill authorizing Minnesota Territory . He had envisioned a future for the upper Mississippi valley , so he was motivated to keep the area from being carved up by neighboring territories . In 1846 , he prevented Iowa from including Fort Snelling and Saint Anthony Falls within its northern border . In 1847 , he kept the organizers of Wisconsin from including Saint Paul and Saint Anthony Falls . The Minnesota Territory was established from the lands remaining from Iowa Territory and Wisconsin Territory on March 3 , 1849 . The Minnesota Territory extended far into what is now North Dakota and South Dakota , to the Missouri River . There was a dispute over the shape of the state to be carved out of Minnesota Territory . An alternate proposal that was only narrowly defeated would have made the 46th parallel the state 's northern border and the Missouri River its western border , thus giving up the whole northern half of the state in exchange for the eastern half of what later became South Dakota .
With Alexander Ramsey ( W ) as the first governor of Minnesota Territory and Henry Hastings Sibley ( D ) as the territorial delegate to the United States Congress , the populations of Saint Paul and Saint Anthony swelled . Henry M. Rice ( D ) , who replaced Sibley as the territorial delegate in 1853 , worked in Congress to promote Minnesota interests . He lobbied for the construction of a railroad connecting Saint Paul and Lake Superior , with a link from Saint Paul to the Illinois Central .
= = = Statehood = = =
In December 1856 , Rice brought forward two bills in Congress : an enabling act that would allow Minnesota to form a state constitution , and a railroad land grant bill . Rice 's enabling act defined a state containing both prairie and forest lands . The state was bounded on the south by Iowa , on the east by Wisconsin , on the north by Canada , and on the west by the Red River of the North and the Bois de Sioux River , Lake Traverse , Big Stone Lake , and then a line extending due south to the Iowa border . Rice made this motion based on Minnesota 's population growth .