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[
"Tahrir al-Sham",
"replaces",
"Jaysh al-Sunna"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Tahrir al-Sham",
"replaces",
"Jabhat Fateh al-Sham"
] | Consolidation of power (January-August 2017)
January
Throughout January fierce fighting had broke out between the JFS and Al-Qaeda loyalists of Al-Nusra Front, before the JFS-Ahrar al-Sham merger to form Tahrir al-Sham (Syrian Liberation Committe) in January 28. Soon after the merger, Emir Abu Jaber Shaykh announced a ceasefire deal to unite all opposition militia factions into a central command. Some Turkish-backed FSA supporters pejoritavely named the newly formed organization "Hetish". The formation of HTS was described as a "reshaping of revolutionary dynamics" that could change the balance of power in the Syrian civil war and also adversely affect the future prospects of Al-Qaeda in northern Syria.On 30 January, it was reported by Asharq al-Awsat that there were around 31,000 fighters in Tahrir al-Sham. Fighters of Jaysh al-Ahrar, a breakway faction of Ahrar al-Sham militia, joined Tahrir al-Sham and increased its numbers.Leadership
Since October 2017, the "general commander" or emir of Tahrir al-Sham is Abu Mohammad al-Julani, who is also Tahrir al-Sham's "military commander"
and the emir of Jabhat Fateh al-Sham, who also led its predecessor organisation al-Nusra Front, the Syrian branch of al-Qaeda until 2016.Previously, the general commander of Tahrir al-Sham was Hashim al-Shaykh, also known as Abu Jaber, who was the leader of Ahrar al-Sham between September 2014 and September 2015. On 1 October 2017, Abu Jaber resigned from his position as the general leader of Tahrir al-Sham and was replaced by Abu Mohammad al-Julan. Abu Jaber took another position as the head of HTS's Shura council.Individuals in italic are defectors from Ahrar al-Sham, which either left to join Jabhat Fateh al-Sham in the last few days of its existence, or directly joined Tahrir al-Sham. | null | null | null | null | 16 |
[
"Tahrir al-Sham",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Tahrir al-Sham"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"7th millennium BC",
"follows",
"8th millennium BC"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"7th millennium BC",
"followed by",
"6th millennium BC"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"7th millennium BC",
"topic's main category",
"Category:7th millennium BC"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"1980 Winter Olympics",
"follows",
"1976 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"1980 Winter Olympics",
"followed by",
"1984 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"1980 Winter Olympics",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Olympic sporting event"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"1980 Winter Olympics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:1980 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"follows",
"2014 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"has part(s) of the class",
"Olympic sporting event"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"followed by",
"2022 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"China at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Croatia at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"France at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Italy at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Kazakhstan at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Poland at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Estonia at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Finland at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Azerbaijan at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"United States at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Andorra at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 22 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Argentina at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Australia at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 24 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"significant event",
"2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony"
] | The Games
Opening ceremony
The opening ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium on 9 February 2018. The US$100 million facility was only intended to be used for the opening and closing ceremonies of these Olympics and the subsequent Paralympics; it was demolished following their conclusion. | null | null | null | null | 26 |
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"significant event",
"2018 Winter Olympics closing ceremony"
] | Closing ceremony
The closing ceremony of the 2018 Winter Olympics was held at the Pyeongchang Olympic Stadium on 25 February 2018. IOC president Thomas Bach declared the Games closed, and the cauldron was extinguished. The Olympic flag was handed to Beijing, the next host city of the Winter Olympics. | null | null | null | null | 27 |
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Bolivia at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 28 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Brazil at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 29 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Georgia at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 30 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Greece at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 31 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Iceland at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 32 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Netherlands at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 33 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 34 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Chile at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 39 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Denmark at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 40 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Belarus at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 41 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Cyprus at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 42 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Colombia at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 43 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Ecuador at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | The 2018 Winter Olympics (Korean: 2018년 동계 올림픽, romanized: Icheon sip-pal nyeon Donggye Ollimpik), officially the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (French: Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver; Korean: 제23회 동계 올림픽, romanized: Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik) and also known as PyeongChang 2018 (Korean: 평창2018, romanized: Pyeongchang Icheon sip-pal), were an international winter multi-sport event held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February, a day before the opening ceremony.
Pyeongchang was elected as the host city for the 2018 Winter Games at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa in July 2011. This marked the second time that South Korea had hosted the Olympic Games (having previously hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul), as well as the first time it hosted the Winter Olympics. The 2018 Games marked the third time that an Asian country had hosted the Winter Olympics, after Sapporo 1972 and Nagano 1998, both in Japan. It was also the first Winter Olympics held in mainland Asia, and the first of three consecutive Olympic Games held in East Asia, preceding the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics in Japan and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in China.
The 2018 Games featured 102 events over 15 disciplines, a record number of events for the Winter Games. This is the first edition in Winter Olympic Games history to feature more than 100 medal events, four of which made their Olympic debut in 2018: "big air" snowboarding, mass start speed skating, mixed doubles curling, and mixed team alpine skiing. A total of 2,914 athletes from 93 teams competed, with the national debuts of Ecuador, Eritrea, Kosovo, Malaysia, Nigeria and Singapore.
After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics, the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended, but selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the special IOC designation of "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR), provided they could meet certain anti-doping requirements. North Korea agreed to participate in the Games in spite of tense relations with South Korea. The two nations paraded together at the opening ceremony as a unified Korea, and fielded a unified team (COR) in the women's ice hockey.
South Korea ranked seventh overall at the 2018 Winter Games, with five gold medals and 17 overall medals. South Korea has traditionally been a country that won many medals in short track speed skating, but in this competition, it also won medals in skeleton racing, curling and skiing. South Korea's Yun Sung-Bin won a gold medal in men's skeleton racing, the first Olympic gold ever won by Asia in the sledding event. Norway led the total medal tally with 39, followed by Germany at 31 and Canada at 29. Germany and Norway were tied for the highest number of gold medals, both winning 14. | null | null | null | null | 44 |
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Hong Kong at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 45 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"India at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 46 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Great Britain at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 47 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Turkey at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 48 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Kenya at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 49 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Iran at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 50 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Jamaica at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 55 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Ghana at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 56 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | The 2018 Winter Olympics (Korean: 2018년 동계 올림픽, romanized: Icheon sip-pal nyeon Donggye Ollimpik), officially the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (French: Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver; Korean: 제23회 동계 올림픽, romanized: Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik) and also known as PyeongChang 2018 (Korean: 평창2018, romanized: Pyeongchang Icheon sip-pal), were an international winter multi-sport event held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February, a day before the opening ceremony.
Pyeongchang was elected as the host city for the 2018 Winter Games at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa in July 2011. This marked the second time that South Korea had hosted the Olympic Games (having previously hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul), as well as the first time it hosted the Winter Olympics. The 2018 Games marked the third time that an Asian country had hosted the Winter Olympics, after Sapporo 1972 and Nagano 1998, both in Japan. It was also the first Winter Olympics held in mainland Asia, and the first of three consecutive Olympic Games held in East Asia, preceding the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics in Japan and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in China.
The 2018 Games featured 102 events over 15 disciplines, a record number of events for the Winter Games. This is the first edition in Winter Olympic Games history to feature more than 100 medal events, four of which made their Olympic debut in 2018: "big air" snowboarding, mass start speed skating, mixed doubles curling, and mixed team alpine skiing. A total of 2,914 athletes from 93 teams competed, with the national debuts of Ecuador, Eritrea, Kosovo, Malaysia, Nigeria and Singapore.
After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics, the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended, but selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the special IOC designation of "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR), provided they could meet certain anti-doping requirements. North Korea agreed to participate in the Games in spite of tense relations with South Korea. The two nations paraded together at the opening ceremony as a unified Korea, and fielded a unified team (COR) in the women's ice hockey.
South Korea ranked seventh overall at the 2018 Winter Games, with five gold medals and 17 overall medals. South Korea has traditionally been a country that won many medals in short track speed skating, but in this competition, it also won medals in skeleton racing, curling and skiing. South Korea's Yun Sung-Bin won a gold medal in men's skeleton racing, the first Olympic gold ever won by Asia in the sledding event. Norway led the total medal tally with 39, followed by Germany at 31 and Canada at 29. Germany and Norway were tied for the highest number of gold medals, both winning 14. | null | null | null | null | 57 |
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Canada at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 61 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Germany at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 62 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"South Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | The 2018 Winter Olympics (Korean: 2018년 동계 올림픽, romanized: Icheon sip-pal nyeon Donggye Ollimpik), officially the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (French: Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver; Korean: 제23회 동계 올림픽, romanized: Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik) and also known as PyeongChang 2018 (Korean: 평창2018, romanized: Pyeongchang Icheon sip-pal), were an international winter multi-sport event held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February, a day before the opening ceremony.
Pyeongchang was elected as the host city for the 2018 Winter Games at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa in July 2011. This marked the second time that South Korea had hosted the Olympic Games (having previously hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul), as well as the first time it hosted the Winter Olympics. The 2018 Games marked the third time that an Asian country had hosted the Winter Olympics, after Sapporo 1972 and Nagano 1998, both in Japan. It was also the first Winter Olympics held in mainland Asia, and the first of three consecutive Olympic Games held in East Asia, preceding the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics in Japan and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in China.
The 2018 Games featured 102 events over 15 disciplines, a record number of events for the Winter Games. This is the first edition in Winter Olympic Games history to feature more than 100 medal events, four of which made their Olympic debut in 2018: "big air" snowboarding, mass start speed skating, mixed doubles curling, and mixed team alpine skiing. A total of 2,914 athletes from 93 teams competed, with the national debuts of Ecuador, Eritrea, Kosovo, Malaysia, Nigeria and Singapore.
After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics, the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended, but selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the special IOC designation of "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR), provided they could meet certain anti-doping requirements. North Korea agreed to participate in the Games in spite of tense relations with South Korea. The two nations paraded together at the opening ceremony as a unified Korea, and fielded a unified team (COR) in the women's ice hockey.
South Korea ranked seventh overall at the 2018 Winter Games, with five gold medals and 17 overall medals. South Korea has traditionally been a country that won many medals in short track speed skating, but in this competition, it also won medals in skeleton racing, curling and skiing. South Korea's Yun Sung-Bin won a gold medal in men's skeleton racing, the first Olympic gold ever won by Asia in the sledding event. Norway led the total medal tally with 39, followed by Germany at 31 and Canada at 29. Germany and Norway were tied for the highest number of gold medals, both winning 14. | null | null | null | null | 63 |
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 66 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Kosovo at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 67 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Hungary at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 68 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Armenia at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 69 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Czech Republic at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 70 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Japan at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 72 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Bulgaria at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 73 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Albania at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 74 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Ireland at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 75 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Belgium at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 76 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Sweden at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 78 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Eritrea at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | The 2018 Winter Olympics (Korean: 2018년 동계 올림픽, romanized: Icheon sip-pal nyeon Donggye Ollimpik), officially the XXIII Olympic Winter Games (French: Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver; Korean: 제23회 동계 올림픽, romanized: Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik) and also known as PyeongChang 2018 (Korean: 평창2018, romanized: Pyeongchang Icheon sip-pal), were an international winter multi-sport event held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang, South Korea, with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February, a day before the opening ceremony.
Pyeongchang was elected as the host city for the 2018 Winter Games at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban, South Africa in July 2011. This marked the second time that South Korea had hosted the Olympic Games (having previously hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul), as well as the first time it hosted the Winter Olympics. The 2018 Games marked the third time that an Asian country had hosted the Winter Olympics, after Sapporo 1972 and Nagano 1998, both in Japan. It was also the first Winter Olympics held in mainland Asia, and the first of three consecutive Olympic Games held in East Asia, preceding the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics in Japan and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics in China.
The 2018 Games featured 102 events over 15 disciplines, a record number of events for the Winter Games. This is the first edition in Winter Olympic Games history to feature more than 100 medal events, four of which made their Olympic debut in 2018: "big air" snowboarding, mass start speed skating, mixed doubles curling, and mixed team alpine skiing. A total of 2,914 athletes from 93 teams competed, with the national debuts of Ecuador, Eritrea, Kosovo, Malaysia, Nigeria and Singapore.
After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics, the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended, but selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the special IOC designation of "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR), provided they could meet certain anti-doping requirements. North Korea agreed to participate in the Games in spite of tense relations with South Korea. The two nations paraded together at the opening ceremony as a unified Korea, and fielded a unified team (COR) in the women's ice hockey.
South Korea ranked seventh overall at the 2018 Winter Games, with five gold medals and 17 overall medals. South Korea has traditionally been a country that won many medals in short track speed skating, but in this competition, it also won medals in skeleton racing, curling and skiing. South Korea's Yun Sung-Bin won a gold medal in men's skeleton racing, the first Olympic gold ever won by Asia in the sledding event. Norway led the total medal tally with 39, followed by Germany at 31 and Canada at 29. Germany and Norway were tied for the highest number of gold medals, both winning 14. | null | null | null | null | 80 |
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"Bermuda at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 81 |
|
[
"2018 Winter Olympics",
"participant",
"North Korea at the 2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 82 |
|
[
"2022 Winter Olympics",
"follows",
"2018 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"2022 Winter Olympics",
"significant event",
"2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"2022 Winter Olympics",
"significant event",
"2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"2022 Winter Olympics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:2022 Winter Olympics"
] | The 2022 Winter Olympics (2022年冬季奥林匹克运动会), officially called the XXIV Olympic Winter Games (Chinese: 第二十四届冬季奥林匹克运动会; pinyin: Dì Èrshísì Jiè Dōngjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì) and commonly known as Beijing 2022 (北京2022), was an international winter multi-sport event held from 4 to 20 February 2022 in Beijing, China, and surrounding areas with competition in selected events beginning 2 February 2022. It was the 24th edition of the Winter Olympic Games.
Beijing was selected as host city in 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, marking its second time hosting the Olympics, and the last of three consecutive Olympics hosted in East Asia following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. Having previously hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics, Beijing became the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The venues for the Games were concentrated around Beijing, its suburb Yanqing District, and Zhangjiakou, with some events (including the ceremonies and curling) repurposing venues originally built for Beijing 2008 (such as Beijing National Stadium and the Beijing National Aquatics Centre).
The Games featured a record 109 events across 15 disciplines, with big air freestyle skiing and women's monobob making their Olympic debuts as medal events, as well as several new mixed competitions. A total of 2,871 athletes representing 91 teams competed in the Games, with Haiti and Saudi Arabia making their Winter Olympic debut.
Beijing's hosting of the Games was subject to various concerns and controversies including those related to human rights violations in China, such as the Uyghur genocide, which led to calls for a boycott of the games. Like the Summer Olympics held six months earlier in Tokyo, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the implementation of health and safety protocols, and, for the second Games in a row, the Games being closed to the public (with selected events open to invited guests at a reduced capacity).
Norway finished at the top of the medal table for the second successive Winter Olympics, winning a total of 37 medals, of which 16 were gold, setting a new record for the largest number of gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics. The host nation China finished third with nine gold medals and also eleventh place by total medals won, marking its most successful performance in Winter Olympics history. | null | null | null | null | 25 |
[
"2022 Winter Olympics",
"followed by",
"2026 Winter Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 31 |
|
[
"Council of Vienne",
"follows",
"Second Council of Lyon"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Council of Vienne",
"participant",
"Ottobuono di Razzi"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Council of Vienne",
"participant",
"Clement V"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Council of Vienne",
"followed by",
"Council of Constance"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Germania Superior",
"follows",
"Gallia Lugdunensis"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Germania Superior",
"follows",
"Gallia Belgica"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Germania Superior",
"followed by",
"Maxima Sequanorum"
] | End of the province
Post 400, as Rome slowly was losing control over its northernmost provinces over a period of 50 years, the southern (Swiss) parts of Germania Superior were incorporated into the Provincia Maxima Sequanorum before they became part of Burgundy in the early 5th century. The northern parts became part of Alemannia. | null | null | null | null | 17 |
[
"Germania Superior",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Germania Superior"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"Windows 8",
"based on",
"Windows 7"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Windows 8",
"follows",
"Windows 7"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Windows 8",
"based on",
"Windows NT"
] | Windows 8 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012; it was subsequently made available for download via MSDN and TechNet on August 15, 2012, and later to retail on October 26, 2012.Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface with the intention to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows competed with mobile operating systems such as Android and iOS. In particular, these changes included a touch-optimized Windows shell and start screen based on Microsoft's Metro design language, integration with online services, the Windows Store, and a new keyboard shortcut for screenshots. Many of these features were adapted from Windows Phone. Windows 8 also added support for USB 3.0, Advanced Format, near-field communication, and cloud computing. Additional security features -- including built-in antivirus software, integration with Microsoft SmartScreen phishing filtering, and support for Secure Boot on supported devices -- were introduced. Windows 8 is the first version of Windows to support the ARM architecture under the Windows RT branding; additionally, CPUs without PAE, SSE2 and NX are no longer supported.
Windows 8 received a mostly negative reception. Although the reaction to its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices was positive, the new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for being confusing and unintuitive, especially when used with a keyboard and mouse instead of a touchscreen. Despite these shortcomings, 60 million licenses were sold through January 2013, a number that included both upgrades and sales to OEMs for new PCs.Microsoft released Windows 8.1 in October 2013, which addressed some aspects of Windows 8 that were criticized by reviewers and early adopters and also incorporated improvements to various aspects of the operating system. Windows 8 was ultimately succeeded by Windows 10 in July 2015. Support for RTM editions of Windows 8 ended on January 12, 2016, and with the exception of Windows Embedded 8 Standard users, all users are required to install the Windows 8.1 update. Mainstream support for the Embedded Standard edition of Windows 8 ended on July 10, 2018, and extended support ended on July 11, 2023. | null | null | null | null | 19 |
[
"Windows 8",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Windows 8"
] | null | null | null | null | 29 |
|
[
"Windows 8",
"followed by",
"Windows 8.1"
] | null | null | null | null | 34 |
|
[
"Windows 7",
"based on",
"Windows Vista"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Windows 7",
"follows",
"Windows Vista"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Windows 7",
"followed by",
"Windows 8"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Windows 7",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Windows 7"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"Windows Vista",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Windows Vista"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Windows Vista",
"followed by",
"Windows 7"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Windows Vista",
"based on",
"Windows Server 2003"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"Windows Vista",
"follows",
"Windows XP"
] | null | null | null | null | 22 |
|
[
"Second Turkic Khaganate",
"replaces",
"Eastern Turkic Khaganate"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Second Turkic Khaganate",
"follows",
"Tang dynasty"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Lycian language",
"follows",
"Luwian"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Lycian language",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Lycian language"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"New Year's Day",
"follows",
"New Year's Eve"
] | Traditional and modern celebrations and customs
New Year's Eve
The first of January represents the fresh start of a new year after a period of remembrance of the passing year, including on radio, television, and in newspapers, which starts in early December in countries around the world. Publications have year-end articles that review the changes during the previous year. In some cases, publications may set their entire year's work alight in the hope that the smoke emitted from the flame brings new life to the company. There are also articles on planned or expected changes in the coming year.
This day is traditionally a religious feast, but since the 1900s has also become an occasion to celebrate the night of 31 December—New Year's Eve—with parties, public celebrations (often involving fireworks shows) and other traditions focused on the impending arrival of midnight and the new year. Watchnight services are also still observed by many. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Later Liang (Five Dynasties)",
"follows",
"Tang dynasty"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
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