triplets
sequence | passage
stringlengths 0
32.9k
| label
stringlengths 4
48
⌀ | label_id
int64 0
1k
⌀ | synonyms
sequence | __index_level_1__
int64 312
64.1k
⌀ | __index_level_0__
int64 0
2.4k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Genocide of Native Americans",
"participant",
"Confederate States of America"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Genocide of Native Americans",
"participant",
"conquistador"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Genocide of Native Americans",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Genocide of indigenous peoples of the Americas"
] | null | null | null | null | 25 |
|
[
"Reformation",
"different from",
"reform movement"
] | The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation, the Protestant Revolution, and the European Reformation) was a major movement from Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in part to papal authority. The Reformation was the start of Protestantism and the Western Church, the Latin Church, remained the Catholic Church. Protestantism introduced a new ecclesiology. It is also considered to be one of the events that signified the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the early modern period in Europe.Prior to Martin Luther and the other Protestant Reformers, there were earlier reform movements within Western Christianity. Although the Reformation is usually considered to have started with the publication of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin Luther in 1517, he was not excommunicated by Pope Leo X until January 1521. The Diet of Worms of May 1521 condemned Luther and officially banned citizens of the Holy Roman Empire from defending or propagating his ideas. The spread of Gutenberg's printing press provided the means for the rapid dissemination of religious materials in the vernacular. Luther survived after being declared an outlaw due to the protection of Elector Frederick the Wise. The initial movement in Germany diversified, and other reformers such as Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin arose. In general, the Reformers argued that salvation in Christianity was a completed status based on faith in Jesus alone and not a process that requires good works, as in the Catholic view. In addition to the Diet of Worms, key events of the period include: formation of the Lutheran Duchy of Prussia (1525), English Reformation (1529 onwards), the Council of Trent (1545–1563), the Peace of Augsburg (1555), the excommunication of Elizabeth I (1570), Edict of Nantes (1598) and Peace of Westphalia (1648). The Counter-Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic reforms initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. The end of the Reformation era is disputed among modern scholars. | null | null | null | null | 7 |
[
"Reformation",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Protestant Reformation"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Spanish conquest of Guatemala",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Spanish conquest of Guatemala"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Album amicorum van Joost van Ockinga",
"owned by",
"Joost van Ockinga"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Venus of Laussel",
"depicts",
"woman"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Venus of Laussel",
"depicts",
"breast"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Venus of Laussel",
"depicts",
"nudity"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Venus of Laussel",
"depicts",
"steatopygia"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Venus of Laussel",
"depicts",
"hip"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Venus of Laussel",
"depicts",
"navel"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Venus of Laussel",
"depicts",
"horn"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Venus of Laussel",
"depicts",
"standing"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Mamre",
"said to be the same as",
"Oak of Mamre"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Afroasiatic languages",
"different from",
"Afroasiatic peoples"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Afroasiatic languages",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Afroasiatic languages"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük",
"depicts",
"woman"
] | The Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük (also Çatal Höyük) is a baked-clay, nude female form, seated between feline-headed arm-rests. It is generally thought to depict a corpulent and fertile Mother goddess in the process of giving birth while seated on her throne, which has two hand rests in the form of feline (lioness, leopard, or panther) heads in a Mistress of Animals motif. The statuette, one of several iconographically similar ones found at the site, is associated to other corpulent prehistoric goddess figures, of which the most famous is the Venus of Willendorf.
It is a neolithic sculpture shaped by an unknown artist, and was completed in approximately 6000 BC. It was unearthed by archaeologist James Mellaart in 1961 at Çatalhöyük, Turkey. When it was found, its head and hand rest of the right side were missing. The current head and the hand rest are modern replacements. The sculpture is at the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara, Turkey. Mellaart claimed that the figure represented a fertility goddess worshipped by the people of Çatalhöyük. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük",
"depicts",
"chair"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük",
"depicts",
"mother goddess"
] | The Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük (also Çatal Höyük) is a baked-clay, nude female form, seated between feline-headed arm-rests. It is generally thought to depict a corpulent and fertile Mother goddess in the process of giving birth while seated on her throne, which has two hand rests in the form of feline (lioness, leopard, or panther) heads in a Mistress of Animals motif. The statuette, one of several iconographically similar ones found at the site, is associated to other corpulent prehistoric goddess figures, of which the most famous is the Venus of Willendorf.
It is a neolithic sculpture shaped by an unknown artist, and was completed in approximately 6000 BC. It was unearthed by archaeologist James Mellaart in 1961 at Çatalhöyük, Turkey. When it was found, its head and hand rest of the right side were missing. The current head and the hand rest are modern replacements. The sculpture is at the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara, Turkey. Mellaart claimed that the figure represented a fertility goddess worshipped by the people of Çatalhöyük. | null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük",
"depicts",
"nudity"
] | The Seated Woman of Çatalhöyük (also Çatal Höyük) is a baked-clay, nude female form, seated between feline-headed arm-rests. It is generally thought to depict a corpulent and fertile Mother goddess in the process of giving birth while seated on her throne, which has two hand rests in the form of feline (lioness, leopard, or panther) heads in a Mistress of Animals motif. The statuette, one of several iconographically similar ones found at the site, is associated to other corpulent prehistoric goddess figures, of which the most famous is the Venus of Willendorf.
It is a neolithic sculpture shaped by an unknown artist, and was completed in approximately 6000 BC. It was unearthed by archaeologist James Mellaart in 1961 at Çatalhöyük, Turkey. When it was found, its head and hand rest of the right side were missing. The current head and the hand rest are modern replacements. The sculpture is at the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara, Turkey. Mellaart claimed that the figure represented a fertility goddess worshipped by the people of Çatalhöyük. | null | null | null | null | 12 |
[
"Bareq",
"founded by",
"Bariq"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Anantnag",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Anantnag"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Najran",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Najran"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Djedefre",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Djedefre"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"Huni",
"replaces",
"Khaba"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Sargon of Akkad",
"different from",
"Sargon"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Khafre",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Khafre"
] | null | null | null | null | 29 |
|
[
"Nitocris",
"said to be the same as",
"Netjerkare"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Unas",
"owner of",
"Pyramid of Unas"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"Neferirkare Kakai",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Neferirkare Kakai"
] | null | null | null | null | 16 |
|
[
"Djedkare Isesi",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Djedkare Isesi"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Pepi I Meryre",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Pepi I Meryre"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"Teti",
"different from",
"Teti, Sardinia"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Gudea",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Gudea"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Mentuhotep I",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Mentuhotep I"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Sarah",
"significant event",
"vision"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Sarah",
"said to be the same as",
"Iscah"
] | null | null | null | null | 17 |
|
[
"Sarah",
"different from",
"Sara"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Sarah",
"different from",
"Sarai"
] | null | null | null | null | 25 |
|
[
"Shem",
"different from",
"Sceafa"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Shem",
"said to be the same as",
"Melchizedek"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Shem",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Shem"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Shamshi-Adad I",
"different from",
"Szamszi-Adad"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Hammurabi I",
"different from",
"Hammurapi"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Naram-Suen of Eshnunna",
"different from",
"Naram-Suen"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Anitta (king)",
"different from",
"Anitta"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Ishme-Dagan I",
"different from",
"Iszme-Dagan"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Amenemhat IV",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Amenemhat IV"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Amenemhat IV",
"significant person",
"Kemeni"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Sargon I",
"different from",
"Sargon"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Mentuhotep II",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Mentuhotep II"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Pepi II Neferkare",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Pepi II Neferkare"
] | null | null | null | null | 26 |
|
[
"Amenemhat I",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Amenemhat I"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Job (biblical figure)",
"said to be the same as",
"Job in Islam"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Job (biblical figure)",
"said to be the same as",
"Job in rabbinic literature"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Job (biblical figure)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Job (biblical figure)"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Abisare",
"different from",
"Abisares"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Ishme-Dagan",
"different from",
"Iszme-Dagan"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Aminu (Assyrian king)",
"different from",
"Aminu"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Puzur-Ashur I",
"different from",
"Puzur-Aszur"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Nebamun",
"different from",
"Nebamon"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Dinah",
"significant event",
"rape"
] | In the Book of Genesis, Dinah (; Hebrew: דִּינָה, Modern: Dīna, Tiberian: Dīnā, 'judged'; 'vindicated') was the seventh child and only daughter of Leah and Jacob. The episode of her violation by Shechem, son of a Canaanite or Hivite prince, and the subsequent vengeance of her brothers Simeon and Levi, commonly referred to as the rape of Dinah, is told in Genesis 34.In the apocryphal book Testament of Job, Dinah is said to have been Job's second wife after the death of his first wife, who is referred to as "Sitidos".In Genesis
Dinah is first mentioned in Genesis 30:21 as the daughter of Leah and Jacob, born to Leah after she bore six sons to Jacob. In Genesis 34, Dinah went out to visit the women of Shechem, where her people had made camp and where her father Jacob had purchased the land where he had pitched his tent. Shechem (the son of Hamor, the prince of the land) then took her and raped her, but how this text is to be exactly translated and understood is the subject of scholarly controversy.Simeon and Levi
On his deathbed, their father Jacob curses Simeon and Levi's "anger" (Genesis 49). Their tribal portions in the land of Israel are dispersed so that they would not be able to regroup and fight arbitrarily. According to the Midrash, Simeon and Levi were only 14 and 13 years old, respectively, at the time of the rape of Dinah. They possessed great moral zealousness (later, in the episode of the Golden Calf, the Tribe of Levi would demonstrate their absolute commitment to Moses' leadership by killing all the people involved in idol worship), but their anger was misdirected here.
One midrash told how Jacob later tried to restrain their hot tempers by dividing their portions in the land of Israel, and neither had lands of their own. Therefore, Dinah's son by Shechem was counted among Simeon's progeny and received a portion of land in Israel, Dinah herself being "the Canaanite woman" mentioned among those who went down into Egypt with Jacob and his sons (Genesis 46:10). When she died, Simeon buried her in the land of Canaan. (According to another tradition, her child from her rape by Shechem was Asenath, the wife of Joseph, and she herself later married the prophet Job.) The Tribe of Simeon received land within the territory of Judah and served as itinerant teachers in Israel, traveling from place to place to earn a living.In the Hebrew Bible, the tribe of Levi received a few Cities of Refuge spread out over Israel, and relied for their sustenance on the priestly gifts that the Children of Israel gave them.
In medieval rabbinic literature, there were efforts to justify the killing, not merely of Shechem and Hamor, but of all the townsmen. Maimonides argued that the killing was understandable because the townsmen had failed to uphold the seventh Noachide law (denim) to establish a criminal justice system. However, Nachmanides disagreed, partly because he viewed the seventh law as a positive commandment that was not punishable by death. Instead, Nachmanides said that the townsmen presumably violated other Noachide laws, such as idolatry or sexual immorality. Later, the Maharal reframed the issue—not as sin, but rather as a war. That is, he argued that Simeon and Levi acted lawfully insofar as they carried out a military operation as an act of vengeance or retribution for the rape of Dinah. | null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Dinah",
"significant event",
"kidnapping"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"Amenhotep II",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Amenhotep II"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Shamshi-Adad III",
"different from",
"Szamszi-Adad"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"King Zhou of Shang",
"topic's main category",
"Category:King Zhou of Shang"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"King Zhou of Shang",
"significant event",
"Battle of Muye"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Puzur-Ashur III",
"different from",
"Puzur-Aszur"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Ashur-nirari I",
"different from",
"Aszur-nirari"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef",
"different from",
"Nubkheperre Intef"
] | ... the nomen and prenomen of Antef N[ubkheperre] together with the unfortunately almost lost prenomen of another king. The prenomina of both kings are given the epithet di-ˁnḫ and since this was normally used only for the ruling king, it may be inferred that these kings co-reigned."
Ryholt observes that the length of the damaged cartouche would fit well with the long prenomen of Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat.
Ryholt suggested that Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef died prematurely and was buried in a royal coffin that initially belonged to Nubkheperre Intef; hence, Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef did not enjoy an independent reign of his own. The British Egyptologist Aidan Dodson, however, criticises Ryholt's proposal that Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef died during the reign of his predecessor and was buried in Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef's original royal coffin. Dodson observes that the form of the name Intef written here (which was originally similar to that used to designate Nubkheperre Intef before it was amended for Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef) and the added king's prenomen of Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat on this king's coffin was composed in an entirely different hand from the remaining texts on the coffin. Dodson also stresses that | null | null | null | null | 10 |
[
"Ay (pharaoh)",
"different from",
"AJ"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Ay (pharaoh)",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Ay"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Thutmose IV",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Thutmose IV"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"Queen of Sheba",
"said to be the same as",
"Bilqis"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Queen of Sheba",
"said to be the same as",
"Queen of the South"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Queen of Sheba",
"different from",
"Bilqis"
] | Judaism
According to Josephus (Ant. 8:165–173), the queen of Sheba was the queen of Egypt and Ethiopia, and brought to Israel the first specimens of the balsam, which grew in the Holy Land in the historian's time. Josephus (Antiquities 2.5‒2.10) represents Cambyses as conquering the capital of Aethiopia, and changing its name from Seba to Meroe. Josephus affirms that the Queen of Sheba or Saba came from this region, and that it bore the name of Saba before it was known by that of Meroe. There seems also some affinity between the word Saba and the name or title of the kings of the Aethiopians, Sabaco.The Talmud (Bava Batra 15b) insists that it was not a woman but a kingdom of Sheba (based on varying interpretations of Hebrew mlkt) that came to Jerusalem. Baba Bathra 15b: "Whoever says malkath Sheba (I Kings X, 1) means a woman is mistaken; ... it means the kingdom (מַלְכֻת) of Sheba". This is explained to mean that she was a woman who was not in her position because of being married to the king, but through her own merit.The most elaborate account of the queen's visit to Solomon is given in the Targum Sheni to Esther (see: Colloquy of the Queen of Sheba). A hoopoe informed Solomon that the kingdom of Sheba was the only kingdom on earth not subject to him and that its queen was a sun worshiper. He thereupon sent it to Kitor in the land of Sheba with a letter attached to its wing commanding its queen to come to him as a subject. She thereupon sent him all the ships of the sea loaded with precious gifts and 6,000 youths of equal size, all born at the same hour and clothed in purple garments. They carried a letter declaring that she could arrive in Jerusalem within three years although the journey normally took seven years. When the queen arrived and came to Solomon's palace, thinking that the glass floor was a pool of water, she lifted the hem of her dress, uncovering her legs. Solomon informed her of her mistake and reprimanded her for her hairy legs. She asked him three (Targum Sheni to Esther 1:3) or, according to the Midrash (Prov. ii. 6; Yalḳ. ii., § 1085, Midrash ha-Hefez), more riddles to test his wisdom.A Yemenite manuscript entitled "Midrash ha-Hefez" (published by S. Schechter in Folk-Lore, 1890, pp. 353 et seq.) gives nineteen riddles, most of which are found scattered through the Talmud and the Midrash, which the author of the "Midrash ha-Hefez" attributes to the Queen of Sheba. Most of these riddles are simply Bible questions, some not of a very edifying character. The two that are genuine riddles are: "Without movement while living, it moves when its head is cut off", and "Produced from the ground, man produces it, while its food is the fruit of the ground". The answer to the former is, "a tree, which, when its top is removed, can be made into a moving ship"; the answer to the latter is, "a wick".The rabbis who denounce Solomon interpret 1 Kings 10:13 as meaning that Solomon had criminal intercourse with the Queen of Sheba, the offspring of which was Nebuchadnezzar, who destroyed the Temple (comp. Rashi ad loc.). According to others, the sin ascribed to Solomon in 1 Kings 11:7 et seq. is only figurative: it is not meant that Solomon fell into idolatry, but that he was guilty of failing to restrain his wives from idolatrous practises (Shab. 56b).The Alphabet of Sirach avers that Nebuchadnezzar was the fruit of the union between Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. In the Kabbalah, the Queen of Sheba was considered one of the queens of the demons and is sometimes identified with Lilith, first in the Targum of Job (1:15), and later in the Zohar and the subsequent literature. A Jewish and Arab myth maintains that the Queen was actually a jinn, half-human and half-demon.In Ashkenazi folklore, the figure merged with the popular image of Helen of Troy or the Frau Venus of German mythology. Ashkenazi incantations commonly depict the Queen of Sheba as a seductive dancer. Until recent generations, she was popularly pictured as a snatcher of children and a demonic witch. | null | null | null | null | 20 |
[
"Ishmael",
"said to be the same as",
"Ismail"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Ishmael",
"different from",
"Izmael"
] | null | null | null | null | 25 |
|
[
"Goliath",
"said to be the same as",
"Jalut"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Goliath",
"different from",
"Goliat"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Levi",
"different from",
"Lewi"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Ishme-Dagan II",
"different from",
"Iszme-Dagan"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Shamshi-Adad II",
"different from",
"Szamszi-Adad"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Shalmaneser II",
"different from",
"Shalmaneser"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Eber",
"different from",
"male pig"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Salitis",
"said to be the same as",
"Scharek"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Ashur-nirari IV",
"different from",
"Aszur-nirari"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Jesse (biblical figure)",
"different from",
"Jesse"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Leah",
"different from",
"limb"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Leah",
"different from",
"Lea River"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Adonijah",
"participant of",
"banquet of Adonijah"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Horemheb",
"replaces",
"Ay"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Horemheb",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Horemheb"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Thutmose II",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Thutmose II"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Gideon",
"significant event",
"vision"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Timaeus of Locri",
"different from",
"Pseudo-Timaeus of Locri"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Cleisthenes",
"different from",
"Cleisthenes of Sicyon"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Tiglath-Pileser III",
"different from",
"Tiglath-Pileser"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.