triplets
list | passage
stringlengths 0
32.9k
| label
stringlengths 4
48
⌀ | label_id
int64 0
1k
⌀ | synonyms
list | __index_level_1__
int64 312
64.1k
⌀ | __index_level_0__
int64 0
2.4k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Old Latin",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Old Latin"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Old Latin",
"follows",
"Proto-Italic"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Millerism",
"followed by",
"Adventism"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Millerism",
"founded by",
"William Miller"
] |
The Millerites were the followers of the teachings of William Miller, who in 1831 first shared publicly his belief that the Second Advent of Jesus Christ would occur in roughly the year 1843–1844. Coming during the Second Great Awakening, his teachings were spread widely and grew in popularity, which led to the event known as the Great Disappointment.Origins
Miller was a prosperous farmer, a Baptist lay preacher, and student of the Bible living in northeastern New York. He spent years of intensive study of symbolic meaning of the prophecies of Daniel, especially Daniel 8:14 (Unto two thousand and three hundred days; then shall the sanctuary be cleansed), the 2,300-day prophecy.Miller believed that the cleansing of the sanctuary represented the Earth's destruction by fire at Christ's Second Coming. Using the year-day method of prophetic interpretation, Miller became convinced that the 2,300-day period started in 457 BC with the decree to rebuild Jerusalem by Artaxerxes I of Persia. Simple calculation then indicated that this period would end about 1843. In September 1822, Miller formally stated his conclusions in a twenty-point document, including article 15, "I believe that the second coming of Jesus Christ is near, even at the door, even within twenty-one years,—on or before 1843." This document remained private for many years.
Miller did eventually share his views, first to a few friends privately and later to some ministerial acquaintances. Initially he was disappointed at the lack of response from those he spoke to. "To my astonishment, I found very few who listened with any interest. Occasionally, one would see the force of the evidence, but the great majority passed it by as an idle tale."Miller states that he began his public lecturing in the village of Dresden, Washington County, New York, some 16 miles from his home, on "the first Sabbath in August 1833." However, as Sylvester Bliss points out, "The printed article from which this is copied was written in 1845. By an examination of his correspondence, it appears that he must have begun to lecture in August 1831. So that this date is a mistake of the printer or an error in Mr. Miller's memory."In 1832, Miller submitted a series of sixteen articles to the Vermont Telegraph—a Baptist paper. The first of these was published on May 15, and Miller writes of the public's response, "I began to be flooded with letters of inquiry respecting my views, and visitors flocked to converse with me on the subject." In 1834, unable to personally comply with many of the urgent requests for information and the invitations to travel and preach that he received, Miller published a synopsis of his teachings in a "little tract of 64 pages." These he "...scattered, the most of them gratuitously, sending them in reply to letters of inquiry and to places which I could not visit."
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Lordship of Ireland",
"replaces",
"Leinster"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Lordship of Ireland",
"replaces",
"Kingdom of Dublin"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Lordship of Ireland",
"followed by",
"Kingdom of Ireland"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Lordship of Ireland",
"replaces",
"Kingdom of Meath"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Lordship of Ireland",
"replaces",
"Celtic kingdom of Ireland"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Lordship of Ireland",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Lordship of Ireland"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Lordship of Ireland",
"owner of",
"Rindoon Castle"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"National Educational Television",
"followed by",
"PBS"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Live at Brixton '87",
"performer",
"Motörhead"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Live at Brixton '87",
"follows",
"Bastards"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Live at Brixton '87",
"followed by",
"Sacrifice"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Accessory nerve",
"follows",
"vagus nerve"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Accessory nerve",
"followed by",
"hypoglossal nerve"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Accessory nerve",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Accessory nerve"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Wallace and Gromit's Cracking Contraptions",
"narrative location",
"Lancashire"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Wallace and Gromit's Cracking Contraptions",
"followed by",
"Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Wallace and Gromit's Cracking Contraptions",
"follows",
"A Close Shave"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Wendelstein 7-AS",
"followed by",
"Wendelstein 7-X"
] |
Wendelstein 7-AS (abbreviated W7-AS, for "Advanced Stellarator") was an experimental stellarator which was in operation from 1988 to 2002 by the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) in Garching. It was the first of a new class of advanced stellarators with modular coils, designed with the goal of developing a nuclear fusion reactor to generate electricity.
The experiment was succeeded by Wendelstein 7-X, which began construction in Greifswald in 2002, was completed in 2014 and started operation in December 2015. The goal of its successor is to investigate the suitability of components designed for a future fusion reactor.
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"HaFraBa",
"followed by",
"Reichsautobahn"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Badminton at the 2007 All-Africa Games",
"followed by",
"badminton at the 2011 All-Africa Games"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Badminton at the 2007 All-Africa Games",
"follows",
"badminton at the 2003 All-Africa Games"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Adobe PageMaker",
"followed by",
"Adobe InDesign"
] |
End of development
Development of PageMaker had flagged in the later years at Aldus and, by 1998, PageMaker had lost almost the entire professional market to the comparatively feature-rich QuarkXPress 3.3, released in 1992, and 4.0, released in 1996. Quark stated its intention to buy out Adobe and to divest the combined company of PageMaker to avoid anti-trust issues. Adobe rebuffed the offer and instead continued to work on a new page layout application code-named "Shuksan" (later "K2"), originally started by Aldus, openly planned and positioned as a "Quark killer". This was released as Adobe InDesign 1.0 in 1999.The last major release of PageMaker was 7.0 in 2001, after which the product was seen as "languishing on life support". Adobe ceased all development of PageMaker in 2004 and "strongly encouraged" users to migrate to InDesign, initially through special "InDesign PageMaker Edition" and "PageMaker Plug-in" versions, which added PageMaker's data merge, bullet, and numbering features to InDesign, and provided PageMaker-oriented help topics, complimentary Myriad Pro fonts, and templates. From 2005, these features were bundled into InDesign CS2, which was offered at half-price to existing PageMaker customers.No new major versions of Adobe PageMaker have been released since, and it does not ship alongside Adobe InDesign.
| null | null | null | null | 24 |
[
"Adobe PageMaker",
"has use",
"desktop publishing"
] |
Adobe PageMaker (formerly Aldus PageMaker) is a discontinued desktop publishing computer program introduced in 1985 by the Aldus Corporation on the Apple Macintosh. The combination of the Macintosh's graphical user interface, PageMaker publishing software, and the Apple LaserWriter laser printer marked the beginning of the desktop publishing revolution. Ported to PCs running Windows 1.0 in 1987, PageMaker helped to popularize both the Macintosh platform and the Windows environment.A key component that led to PageMaker's success was its native support for Adobe Systems' PostScript page description language. After Adobe purchased the majority of Aldus's assets (including FreeHand, PressWise, PageMaker, etc.) in 1994 and subsequently phased out the Aldus name, version 6 was released. The program remained a major force in the high-end DTP market through the early 1990s, but new features were slow in coming. By the mid-1990s, it faced increasing competition from QuarkXPress on the Mac, and to a lesser degree, Ventura on the PC, and by the end of the decade it was no longer a major force. Quark proposed buying the product and canceling it, but instead, in 1999 Adobe released their "Quark Killer", Adobe InDesign. The last major release of PageMaker came in 2001, and customers were offered InDesign licenses at a lower cost.
| null | null | null | null | 26 |
[
"As-Salam al-Malaki",
"followed by",
"Mawtini"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"EORI number",
"follows",
"Zollnummer"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"EORI number",
"followed by",
"Zollnummer"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"2006 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Democratic Republic of the Congo"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"2006 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election",
"followed by",
"2011 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"2006 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election",
"follows",
"1984 Zairean presidential election"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Elvet Hundred",
"followed by",
"Carmarthenshire"
] |
Elvet was a hundred, a geographic division, in the northwest of the traditional county of Carmarthenshire, Wales.
Boundaries
Extent of the Elvet Hundreds
A. Aber-Nant, B. Abergwili, D. Cenarth, E. Cilrhedyn, F. Conwil Elfed, G. Llangeler, H Llanllawddog, J. Llanpumsaint, K. Merthyr, L. Newchurch, M. Pen-Boyr, P. Tre-Lech a'r Betws
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Lambda (rocket family)",
"followed by",
"Mu"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Nisei",
"followed by",
"Sansei"
] |
Nisei (二世, "second generation") is a Japanese-language term used in countries in North America and South America to specify the ethnically Japanese children born in the new country to Japanese-born immigrants (who are called Issei). The Nisei are considered the second generation, and the grandchildren of the Japanese-born immigrants are called Sansei, or third generation. (Ichi, ni, san are Japanese for "one, two, three"; see Japanese numerals.)Cultural profile
Generations
Japanese Americans and Japanese Canadians have special names for each of their generations in North America. These are formed by combining one of the Japanese numbers corresponding to the generation with the Japanese word for generation (sei 世). The Japanese-American and Japanese-Canadian communities have themselves distinguished their members with terms like Issei, Nisei, and Sansei which describe the first, second and third generation of immigrants. The fourth generation is called Yonsei (四世) and the fifth is called Gosei (五世). The Issei, Nisei and Sansei generations reflect distinctly different attitudes to authority, gender, non-Japanese involvement, and religious belief and practice, and other matters. The age when individuals faced the wartime evacuation and internment is the single, most significant factor which explains these variations in their experiences, attitudes and behaviour patterns.The term Nikkei (日系) encompasses all of the world's Japanese immigrants across generations. The collective memory of the Issei and older Nisei was an image of Meiji Japan from 1870 through 1911, which contrasted sharply with the Japan that newer immigrants had more recently left. These differing attitudes, social values and associations with Japan were often incompatible with each other. In this context, the significant differences in post-war experiences and opportunities did nothing to mitigate the gaps which separated generational perspectives.
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"Nisei",
"significant event",
"Nisei Week"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Nisei",
"follows",
"Issei"
] |
Nisei (二世, "second generation") is a Japanese-language term used in countries in North America and South America to specify the ethnically Japanese children born in the new country to Japanese-born immigrants (who are called Issei). The Nisei are considered the second generation, and the grandchildren of the Japanese-born immigrants are called Sansei, or third generation. (Ichi, ni, san are Japanese for "one, two, three"; see Japanese numerals.)History
Internment
When the Canadian and American governments interned West Coast Japanese citizens, Japanese American citizens, and Japanese Canadian citizens in 1942, neither distinguished between American/Canadian-born citizens of Japanese ancestry (Nisei) and their parents, born in Japan but now living in the U.S. or Canada (Issei).
| null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"German–Polish Border Treaty",
"main subject",
"Germany–Poland border"
] |
The German–Polish Border Treaty of 1990 finally settled the issue of the Polish–German border, which in terms of international law had been pending since 1945. It was signed by the foreign ministers of Poland and Germany, Krzysztof Skubiszewski and Hans-Dietrich Genscher, on 14 November 1990 in Warsaw, ratified by the Polish Sejm on 26 November 1991 and the German Bundestag on 16 December 1991, and entered into force with the exchange of the instruments of ratification on 16 January 1992.Historical background
In the Potsdam Agreement of 1945, the Allies of World War II had defined the Oder–Neisse line as the line of demarcation between the Soviet occupation zone in Germany and Poland, pending the final determination of Poland's western frontier in a later peace settlement. This transferred extensive regions to Poland, some of which had been under German control for centuries, reducing Germany to approximately three quarters of the territory as of 1937. The Treaty of Zgorzelec of 1950 between East Germany and the People's Republic of Poland confirmed this border as final. West Germany, which saw itself as the only legal successor to the German Reich and did not recognize East Germany, insisted that final settlement on the Polish–German border could only be accepted by a future reunited Germany. Although West Germany, for all practical purposes, accepted the Oder–Neisse border in the Treaty of Warsaw (1970), its legal caveat that only a future peace treaty would formally settle the issue remained in effect.With German reunification finally within reach in 1990, the Allies of World War II made full sovereignty for Germany conditional on the final recognition of the Oder–Neisse border, as stipulated in article 1.2 of the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany. The signing of a treaty between Germany and Poland recognizing the Oder–Neisse line as the border under international law was also one of the terms of the Unification Treaty between West and East Germany that was signed and went into effect on 3 October 1990. Poland also wanted this treaty to end the ambiguity that had surrounded the border issue since 1945.The Treaty
Under the terms of the treaty, the contracting partiesreaffirmed the frontier according to the 1950 Treaty of Zgorzelec with its subsequent regulatory statutes and the 1970 Treaty of Warsaw;
declared the frontier between them inviolable now and hereafter, and mutually pledged to respect their sovereignty and territorial integrity;
declared that they have no territorial claims against each other and shall not raise such claims in the future.The agreement was supplemented by a Treaty of Good Neighbourship and Friendly Cooperation, signed between Poland and Germany on 17 June 1991.
In the ratification process at the Bundestag, the treaty met with 13 dissenting votes by deputies of the CDU/CSU faction, among them Erika Steinbach and Peter Ramsauer. In 2006 the Polish Foreign Minister Anna Fotyga, responding to the compensation claims raised by the "Prussian Trust" corporation, stated that the treaty was insufficient and may have to be renegotiated.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"German–Polish Border Treaty",
"followed by",
"Treaty of Good Neighbourship"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics",
"followed by",
"water polo at the 2008 Summer Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics",
"follows",
"water polo at the 2000 Summer Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics"
] |
Water polo at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place at the Olympic Aquatic Centre where women competed for only the second time in the event at the Summer Olympics.Twelve teams competed in the men's event, where Russia was trying to avenge their defeat by Hungary at the Sydney Olympics. There were eight teams in the women's event, where holders Australia were hoping to retain the title.
Men's teamsGroup A: Croatia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro and United States.Group B: Australia, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Italy and Spain
Women's teamsGroup A: Australia, Greece, Italy and Kazakhstan.Group B: Canada, Hungary, Russia and United States.
| null | null | null | null | 10 |
[
"Producers Releasing Corporation",
"owned by",
"Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Producers Releasing Corporation",
"followed by",
"Eagle-Lion Films"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Producers Releasing Corporation",
"followed by",
"United Artists Corporation"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Astor Library",
"followed by",
"New York Public Library"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer",
"followed by",
"Montreal Protocol"
] |
Background
During the 1970s, research indicated that man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) reduce and convert ozone molecules in the atmosphere. CFCs are stable molecules composed of carbon, fluorine, and chlorine that were used prominently in products such as refrigerators. The threats associated with reduced ozone pushed the issue to the forefront of global climate issues and gained promotion through organizations such as the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations. The Vienna Convention was agreed upon at the Vienna Conference of 1985 and entered into force in 1988. The Vienna Convention provided the framework necessary to create regulatory measures in the form of the Montreal Protocol.
In terms of universality, it is one of the most successful treaties of all time, having been ratified by 198 states (all United Nations members as well as the Holy See, the State of Palestine, Niue and the Cook Islands) as well as the European Union. While not a binding agreement, it acts as a framework for the international efforts to protect the ozone layer; however, it does not include legally binding reduction goals for the use of CFCs, the main chemical agents causing ozone depletion.Provisions
The treaty's provisions include the international sharing of climate and atmospheric research to promote knowledge of the effects on the ozone layer. In addition, the treaty calls for the adoption of international agencies to assess the harmful effects of depleted ozone and the promotion of policies that regulate the production of harmful substances that influence the ozone layer. One of the outcomes of the Vienna Convention was the creation of a panel of governmental atmospheric experts known as the Meeting of Ozone Research Managers, which assesses ozone depletion and climate change research and produces a report for the Conference of Parties (COP). Additionally, the COP utilizes the data assessed to suggest new policies aimed at limiting CFC emissions.
Currently, the COP meets every three years and coordinates with the timing of a similar meeting rendered under the Montreal Protocol. The Ozone Secretariat functions as an administrator of the COP, Montreal Meeting of Parties (MOP), and Open-Ended Working Groups that help facilitate functions under the convention. A Multilateral Fund exists to aid developing nations transition from ozone-depleting chemicals using guidelines under the convention, which is administered by a Multilateral Fund Secretariat. The Multilateral Fund has aided thousands of projects in nearly 150 countries, preventing the usage of roughly 250,000 tons of ozone-depleting chemicals.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Bailiwick of Guernsey"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"AEG C.III",
"follows",
"AEG C.II"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"AEG C.III",
"followed by",
"AEG C.IV"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"AEG C.III",
"has use",
"aerial reconnaissance"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"T-44",
"follows",
"T-34"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"T-44",
"followed by",
"T-54/55"
] |
The T-44 was a medium tank first developed and produced near the end of World War II by the Soviet Union. It was the successor to the T-34, offering an improved ride and cross-country performance, along with much greater armor. Designed to be equipped with an 85 mm main gun, by the time it was fully tested the T-34 had also moved to this weapon. Both tanks offered similar performance, so introducing the T-44 was not considered as important as increasing T-34 production. Fewer than 2,000 T-44s were built, compared to about 58,000 T-34s. Although the T-44 was available by the end of the war, it was not used in any battle. It was 1 ton lighter than the T-34-85 and slightly faster. The T-44 was heavily influential on the design of the T-54/55 main battle tank, most notably the removal of side sloping, thick frontal armor, and a low profile. Also notable was the T-44-100, a 100mm D-10T-armed prototype, which would be the same 100mm gun mounted on the T-54/55, bar some minor changes.
Attempts were made to improve the T-44's armament with a new 122mm gun, but the turret proved to be very cramped and the rate of fire was poor, on the order of three rounds per minute. Design work on a slightly enlarged version of the T-44 began during the war and a prototype was produced in 1945. This newer design entered production in 1947 as the T-54/55 series of medium tanks, the most-produced tank series of all time.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Kazakh State Academic Theater for Children and Youth",
"followed by",
"Auezov Theatre"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"IPod Mini",
"different from",
"iPad mini"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"IPod Mini",
"followed by",
"AirPods"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"IPod Mini",
"topic's main category",
"Category:IPod mini"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Mami (goddess)",
"followed by",
"Inanna"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Mami (goddess)",
"follows",
"Urash"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"ASCII",
"used by",
"ASCII art"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"ASCII",
"followed by",
"ISO/IEC 8859"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"ASCII",
"different from",
"ascus"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"ASCII",
"followed by",
"ISO/IEC 646"
] |
7-bit codes
From early in its development, ASCII was intended to be just one of several national variants of an international character code standard.
Other international standards bodies have ratified character encodings such as ISO 646 (1967) that are identical or nearly identical to ASCII, with extensions for characters outside the English alphabet and symbols used outside the United States, such as the symbol for the United Kingdom's pound sterling (£); e.g. with code page 1104. Almost every country needed an adapted version of ASCII, since ASCII suited the needs of only the US and a few other countries. For example, Canada had its own version that supported French characters.
Many other countries developed variants of ASCII to include non-English letters (e.g. é, ñ, ß, Ł), currency symbols (e.g. £, ¥), etc. See also YUSCII (Yugoslavia).
It would share most characters in common, but assign other locally useful characters to several code points reserved for "national use". However, the four years that elapsed between the publication of ASCII-1963 and ISO's first acceptance of an international recommendation during 1967 caused ASCII's choices for the national use characters to seem to be de facto standards for the world, causing confusion and incompatibility once other countries did begin to make their own assignments to these code points.
ISO/IEC 646, like ASCII, is a 7-bit character set. It does not make any additional codes available, so the same code points encoded different characters in different countries. Escape codes were defined to indicate which national variant applied to a piece of text, but they were rarely used, so it was often impossible to know what variant to work with and, therefore, which character a code represented, and in general, text-processing systems could cope with only one variant anyway.
Because the bracket and brace characters of ASCII were assigned to "national use" code points that were used for accented letters in other national variants of ISO/IEC 646, a German, French, or Swedish, etc. programmer using their national variant of ISO/IEC 646, rather than ASCII, had to write, and thus read, something such as
| null | null | null | null | 9 |
[
"ASCII",
"said to be the same as",
"Basic Latin"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"ASCII",
"topic's main category",
"Category:ASCII"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"ASCII",
"used by",
"ASCII art"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Shpitalny Sh-37",
"followed by",
"Nudelman-Suranov NS-37"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Commissioners of the Committee of Public Safety",
"follows",
"Ministers of the French National Convention"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Commissioners of the Committee of Public Safety",
"followed by",
"French Directory"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Pont de Grenelle",
"followed by",
"Pont Mirabeau"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Pont de Grenelle",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Pont de Grenelle"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"L3 experiment",
"followed by",
"A Large Ion Collider Experiment"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"L3 experiment",
"uses",
"Large Electron–Positron Collider"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Algor mortis",
"follows",
"Pallor mortis"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Algor mortis",
"followed by",
"rigor mortis"
] |
Algor mortis (from Latin algor 'coldness', and mortis 'of death'), the third stage of death, is the change in body temperature post mortem, until the ambient temperature is matched. This is generally a steady decline, although if the ambient temperature is above the body temperature (such as in a hot desert), the change in temperature will be positive, as the (relatively) cooler body acclimates to the warmer environment. External factors can have a significant influence.
The term was first used by Bennet Dowler in 1849. The first published measurements of the intervals of temperature after death were done by John Davy in 1839.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Abteilung III b",
"followed by",
"Abteilung Abwehr"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Gloucester Abbey",
"significant event",
"Black Death"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Gloucester Abbey",
"has part(s) of the class",
"abbey church"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Gloucester Abbey",
"significant event",
"Dissolution of the Monasteries"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Gloucester Abbey",
"followed by",
"Gloucester Cathedral"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Japanese missions to Sui China",
"followed by",
"Japanese missions to Tang China"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"6489 Golevka",
"followed by",
"(6490) 1991 NR2"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"6489 Golevka",
"follows",
"6488 Drebach"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"ARINC 573",
"followed by",
"ARINC 717"
] |
See also
ARINC 717, a possible successor to Arinc 573
| null | null | null | null | 0 |
[
"AmigaOS",
"topic's main category",
"Category:AmigaOS"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"AmigaOS",
"different from",
"AmigaDOS"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"AmigaOS",
"uses",
"AmigaDOS"
] |
AmigaDOS
AmigaDOS provides the disk operating system portion of the AmigaOS. This includes file systems, file and directory manipulation, the command-line interface, file redirection, console windows, and so on. Its interfaces offer facilities such as command redirection, piping, scripting with structured programming primitives, and a system of global and local variables.
In AmigaOS 1.x, the AmigaDOS portion was based on TRIPOS, which is written in BCPL. Interfacing with it from other languages proved a difficult and error-prone task, and the port of TRIPOS was not very efficient.
From AmigaOS 2.x onwards, AmigaDOS was rewritten in C and Assembler, retaining 1.x BCPL program compatibility, and it incorporated parts of the third-party AmigaDOS Resource Project, which had already written replacements for many of the BCPL utilities and interfaces.
ARP also provided one of the first standardized file requesters for the Amiga, and introduced the use of more friendly UNIX-style wildcard (globbing) functions in command-line parameters. Other innovations were an improvement in the range of date formats accepted by commands and the facility to make a command resident, so that it only needs to be loaded into memory once and remains in memory to reduce the cost of loading in subsequent uses.
In AmigaOS 4.0, the DOS abandoned the BCPL legacy completely and, starting from AmigaOS 4.1, it has been rewritten with full 64-bit support.
File extensions are often used in AmigaOS, but they are not mandatory and they are not handled specially by the DOS, being instead just a conventional part of the file names. Executable programs are recognized using a magic number.
| null | null | null | null | 15 |
[
"AmigaOS",
"followed by",
"AROS Research Operating System"
] | null | null | null | null | 16 |
|
[
"AmigaOS",
"follows",
"TRIPOS"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"ASU-57",
"followed by",
"ASU-85"
] |
The ASU-57 was a small, lightly constructed Soviet assault gun specifically designed for use by Soviet airborne divisions. From 1960 onwards, it was gradually phased out in favour of the ASU-85.
| null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Institut industriel du Nord",
"founded by",
"Lille"
] |
History
École des arts industriels et des mines (École Centrale de Lille) was a college of engineering founded in Lille in 1854 during the Second French Empire. On the eve of the French Third Republic, lectures and research activities were reorganised into a comprehensive three-year curriculum and developed in 1872, embodied by its newly built Institut industriel du Nord de la France (IDN). Education initially focused on civil engineering, mechanical engineering, chemistry and manufacturing engineering.
| null | null | null | null | 23 |
[
"Institut industriel du Nord",
"owned by",
"Ministry of Higher Education and Research"
] | null | null | null | null | 30 |
|
[
"Institut industriel du Nord",
"followed by",
"École Centrale de Lille"
] | null | null | null | null | 35 |
|
[
"Institut industriel du Nord",
"founded by",
"Frédéric Kuhlmann"
] | null | null | null | null | 38 |
|
[
"Institut industriel du Nord",
"founded by",
"Adolphe Matrot"
] | null | null | null | null | 39 |
|
[
"Institut industriel du Nord",
"founded by",
"departmental council of Nord"
] | null | null | null | null | 43 |
|
[
"Institut industriel du Nord",
"owned by",
"departmental council of Nord"
] | null | null | null | null | 44 |
|
[
"Institut industriel du Nord",
"founded by",
"Henri Masquelez"
] | null | null | null | null | 48 |
|
[
"Institut industriel du Nord",
"follows",
"École des arts industriels et des mines"
] | null | null | null | null | 64 |
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