ProfessorBob/relation_extraction · Datasets at Hugging Face

triplets list	passage stringlengths 0 32.9k	label stringlengths 4 48 ⌀	label_id int64 0 1k ⌀	synonyms list	__index_level_1__ int64 312 64.1k ⌀	__index_level_0__ int64 0 2.4k ⌀
[ "Awakening", "followed by", "wakefulness" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Baronie van Breda", "followed by", "Duchy of Brabant" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "1954 1000 km Buenos Aires", "followed by", "1000-km of Buenos Aires 1955" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Emblem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "followed by", "coat of arms of Russia" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "Mauser", "founded by", "Wilhelm Mauser" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Mauser", "owned by", "Rheinmetall AG" ]	After the war in Europe, the factory was briefly put back in order to produce weapons for the now under-equipped and exhausted French military. The plant was dismantled by the occupying forces for the purpose of war reparations, most factory buildings (approximately 60% in total) were demolished and the records destroyed on orders of the local French Army commander. For a number of years, Mauser Werke manufactured precision measurement instruments and tools, such as micrometers. Edmund Heckler, Theodor Koch, and Alex Seidel, former Mauser engineers, saved what they could and founded Heckler & Koch, which has since become Germany's main small-arms manufacturer. Mauser continued to make hunting and sporting rifles. In 1994, it became a subsidiary of Rheinmetall, a manufacturer of autocannons such as the Mauser BK-27 and other munitions until 2004, when it was merged into Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH. In 1999 the civilian manufacture of hunting, defense, and sporting rifles were split off from Rheinmetall.1990–2004 In 1995 the firearms division of Mauser was bought by Rheinmetall Berlin AG; the sale was completed in 1996 and the company is named Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Waffensysteme GmbH. Rheinmetall Berlin AG was renamed Rheinmetall AG in the same year. In 1999 part of Mauser was sold to Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG) (no longer in the arms industry). This became Mauser Jagdwaffen GmbH. The division owned by Rheinmetall was named Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Waffensysteme GmbH. In 2000 Mauser Jagdwaffen GmbH was sold to Luke & Ortmeier Group during the divestiture by SIG of all its firearms businesses, but remains an operation.In 2004 Rheinmetall Waffen Munition GmbH was formed by a merger of Rheinmetall W & M GmbH, Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Waffensysteme GmbH, Buck Neue Technologien GmbH, Pyrotechnik Silberhütte GmbH and the NICO pyrotechnics Hanns-Jürgen Diederichs GmbH & Co. KG. Mauser SR 93 sniper rifle Model 94 Model 96 / model 96 S – a straight pull action rifle Mauser SR 97 Mauser 80SA – a Browning Hi-Power clone manufactured by Fegyver- és Gépgyár (FÉG) and finished by Mauser Mauser 90DA – a DA/SA Hi-Power derivative, also manufactured by FÉG	null	null	null	null	7
[ "Mauser", "followed by", "Rheinmetall AG" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Mauser", "follows", "Königlich Württembergische Gewehrfabrik" ]		null	null	null	null	13
[ "Mauser", "followed by", "Mauser Jagdwaffen GmbH" ]		null	null	null	null	14
[ "Mauser", "topic's main category", "Category:Mauser" ]		null	null	null	null	17
[ "2nd Army (Wehrmacht)", "founded by", "Maximilian von Weichs" ]	History 1939-1941 The 2nd Army headquarters was briefly established in Berlin from Group Command 1 on 26 August 1939 and at the beginning of the Invasion of Poland it was renamed Army Group North on 2 September.The 2nd Army was reestablished on 20 October 1939, with Generaloberst Maximilian von Weichs in command, by renaming the 8th Army, which had been moved from Poland to the west. After the beginning of the Battle of France the army was assigned to Army Group A in June 1940, when it fought across the Aisne and around Reims. In April 1941, the army was involved in the invasion of the Balkans, capturing Belgrade in a rapid offensive.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "2nd Army (Wehrmacht)", "followed by", "Army Group North" ]	History 1939-1941 The 2nd Army headquarters was briefly established in Berlin from Group Command 1 on 26 August 1939 and at the beginning of the Invasion of Poland it was renamed Army Group North on 2 September.The 2nd Army was reestablished on 20 October 1939, with Generaloberst Maximilian von Weichs in command, by renaming the 8th Army, which had been moved from Poland to the west. After the beginning of the Battle of France the army was assigned to Army Group A in June 1940, when it fought across the Aisne and around Reims. In April 1941, the army was involved in the invasion of the Balkans, capturing Belgrade in a rapid offensive.	null	null	null	null	3
[ "2nd Army (Wehrmacht)", "different from", "Second Army" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Electorate of Hanover", "followed by", "Kingdom of Hanover" ]	The Electorate of Hanover (German: Kurfürstentum Hannover or simply Kurhannover) was an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, located in northwestern Germany and taking its name from the capital city of Hanover. It was formally known as the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Kurfürstentum Braunschweig-Lüneburg). For most of its existence, the electorate was ruled in personal union with Great Britain and Ireland following the Hanoverian Succession. The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg had been split in 1269 between different branches of the House of Welf. The Principality of Calenberg, ruled by a cadet branch of the family, emerged as the largest and most powerful of the Brunswick-Lüneburg states. In 1692, the Holy Roman Emperor elevated the Prince of Calenberg to the College of Electors, creating the new Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The fortunes of the Electorate were tied to those of Great Britain by the Act of Settlement 1701 and Act of Union 1707, which settled the succession to the British throne on Queen Anne's nearest Protestant relative, the Electress Sophia of Hanover, and her descendants.The Prince-Elector of Hanover became King of Great Britain in 1714. As a consequence, a reluctant Britain was forced time and again to defend the king's German possessions. However, Hanover remained a separately ruled territory with its own governmental bodies, and the country had to sign a treaty with Great Britain whenever Hanoverian troops fought on the British side of a war. Merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, it was re-established as the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814, and the personal union with the British crown lasted until 1837.	null	null	null	null	10
[ "Electorate of Hanover", "topic's main category", "Category:Electorate of Hanover" ]		null	null	null	null	14
[ "Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro", "follows", "Emblem of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro", "followed by", "coat of arms of Serbia" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Sega CD", "follows", "Sega Genesis" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Sega CD", "followed by", "Sega Saturn" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "Sega CD", "topic's main category", "Category:Sega CD" ]		null	null	null	null	9
[ "32X", "topic's main category", "Category:Sega 32X games" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "32X", "followed by", "Sega Saturn" ]	The 32X is an add-on for the Sega Genesis video game console. Codenamed "Project Mars", it was designed to expand the power of the Genesis and serve as a transitional console into the 32-bit era until the release of the Sega Saturn. The 32X uses its own ROM cartridges and has its own library of games. It was distributed under the name Super 32X in Japan and South Korea, Genesis 32X in North America, Mega 32X in Brazil, and Mega Drive 32X in all other regions. Sega unveiled the 32X at the Consumer Electronics Show in June 1994, and presented it as a low-cost option for 32-bit games. It was developed in response to the Atari Jaguar and concerns that the Saturn would not make it to market by the end of 1994. Though the 32X was conceived as a new, standalone console, at the suggestion of Sega of America executive Joe Miller and his team, it became an add-on for the Genesis and made more powerful. The final design contained two 32-bit central processing units and a visual display processor. The 32X failed to attract third-party video game developers and consumers because of the announcement of the Saturn's simultaneous release in Japan. Sega's efforts to rush the 32X to market cut into time for game development, resulting in a weak library of 40 games that did not fully use the hardware, including Genesis ports. Sega produced 800,000 32X units and sold an estimated 665,000 by the end of 1994, selling the rest at steep discounts until it was discontinued in 1996 as Sega turned its focus to the Saturn. The 32X is considered a commercial failure. Initial reception was positive, highlighting the low price and power expansion to the Genesis. However, later reviews, both contemporary and retrospective, were mostly negative because of its shallow game library, poor market timing and its market fragmentation of the Genesis.	null	null	null	null	5
[ "32X", "follows", "Sega CD" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "County of Aragon", "followed by", "Kingdom of Aragon" ]	The County of Aragon (Aragonese: Condato d'Aragón) or County of Jaca (Aragonese: Condato de Chaca) was a small Frankish marcher county in the central Pyrenean valley of the Aragon river, comprising Ansó, Echo, and Canfranc and centered on the small town of Jaca (Iacca in Latin and Chaca in Aragonese), an area now part of Spain. It was created by the Carolingians late in the 8th or early in the 9th century, but soon fell into the orbit of the Kingdom of Navarre, into which it was absorbed in 922. It would later form the core of the 11th century Kingdom of Aragon.	null	null	null	null	3
[ "County of Aragon", "replaces", "Spanish march" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "County of Ribagorza", "followed by", "Kingdom of Aragon" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "County of Ribagorza", "replaces", "Spanish march" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "Apollo 1", "followed by", "Apollo 4" ]	New mission naming scheme The astronauts' widows asked that Apollo 1 be reserved for the flight their husbands never made, and on April 24, 1967, Mueller, as Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, announced this change officially: AS-204 would be recorded as Apollo 1, "first manned Apollo Saturn flight – failed on ground test". Even though three uncrewed Apollo missions (AS-201, AS-202, and AS-203) had previously occurred, only AS-201 and AS-202 carried spacecraft. Therefore, the next mission, the first uncrewed Saturn V test flight (AS-501) would be designated Apollo 4, with all subsequent flights numbered sequentially in the order flown. The first three flights would not be renumbered, and the names Apollo 2 and Apollo 3 would officially go unused. Mueller considered AS-201 and AS-202, the first and second flights of the Apollo Block I CSM, as Apollo 2 and 3 respectively.The crewed flight hiatus allowed work to catch up on the Saturn V and lunar module, which were encountering their own delays. Apollo 4 flew in November 1967. Apollo 1's (AS-204) Saturn IB rocket was taken down from Launch Complex 34, later reassembled at Launch complex 37B and used to launch Apollo 5, an uncrewed Earth orbital test flight of the first lunar module, LM-1, in January 1968. A second uncrewed Saturn V AS-502 flew as Apollo 6 in April 1968, and Grissom's backup crew of Wally Schirra, Don Eisele, and Walter Cunningham, finally flew the orbital test mission as Apollo 7 (AS-205), in a Block II CSM in October 1968.	null	null	null	null	7
[ "Apollo 1", "follows", "AS-202" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Apollo 1", "topic's main category", "Category:Apollo 1" ]		null	null	null	null	18
[ "Principate", "followed by", "Dominate" ]	The Principate is the form of imperial government of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in 27 BC to the end of the Crisis of the Third Century in AD 284, after which it evolved into the Dominate.The Principate is characterised by the reign of a single emperor (princeps) and an effort on the part of the early emperors, at least, to preserve the illusion of the formal continuance, in some aspects, of the Roman Republic.	null	null	null	null	6
[ "Vela Supernova Remnant", "followed by", "Vela Pulsar" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Vela Supernova Remnant", "followed by", "NGC 2736" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "based on", "The Hundred and One Dalmatians" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "followed by", "102 Dalmatians" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "narrative location", "London" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "different from", "One Hundred and One Dalmatians" ]		null	null	null	null	12
[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "based on", "One Hundred and One Dalmatians" ]		null	null	null	null	16
[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "follows", "Cruella" ]		null	null	null	null	50
[ "Guards Cuirassiers (Prussia)", "followed by", "1st Cavalry Division (Reichswehr)" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Hadrut District (NKAO)", "followed by", "Hadrut Province" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Hadrut District (NKAO)", "followed by", "Khojavend District" ]	History The district was formed on 8 August 1930, as the Dizak district; it was renamed Hadrut District on 17 September 1939. The administrative center of the district was the town of Hadrut.The total area of the district was 679 km2 and it included 41 villages (1986).Along with NKAO, the district was abolished on 26 November 1991 and was incorporated into Khojavend District of Azerbaijan.Following the First Nagorno-Karabakh war, the former district came under the control of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh and was incorporated into its Hadrut Province. However, during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Azerbaijan recaptured the town of Hadrut during the Battle of Hadrut, followed by the whole of the district.	null	null	null	null	7
[ "Hadrut District (NKAO)", "topic's main category", "Category:Hadrut Rayon" ]		null	null	null	null	9
[ "Englebert (tyre manufacturer)", "followed by", "Continental AG" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Monism", "followed by", "dualism" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Monism", "different from", "monad" ]		null	null	null	null	11
[ "Monism", "topic's main category", "Category:Monism" ]		null	null	null	null	16
[ "Cash and carry (World War II)", "followed by", "Lend-Lease" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "Russian Party of Life", "followed by", "A Just Russia" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Russian Party of Life", "founded by", "Sergey Mironov" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Poaching (cooking)", "different from", "poaching" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Poaching (cooking)", "followed by", "simmering" ]	Comparison to other methods of preparation Water is a relatively efficient conductor of heat, but it also has a fairly low limit to its maximum potential temperature (100 °C (212 °F) at sea level). As such, it is a technique that applies to a broad spectrum of methods and results. It is used to regulate food at a low temperature for extended periods, as with sous-vide. It is also used to rapidly raise the temperature of foods, as with blanching. Poaching is part of a family of moist-heat cooking methods but separates itself because it is primarily for delicate foods such as eggs. Simmering generally uses a higher temperature for cooking, and because it surrounds the food in water that maintains a more or less constant temperature, simmering cooks food very evenly. Boiling uses the absolute highest temperature for water and is least likely to be used in cooking delicate foods.While it cannot achieve caramelization, which to many is very desirable, many find the delicate nuance of so-called "blanc" foods very pleasant. Poaching is often confused with stewing, as both techniques involve cooking through simmering. However, the purpose of poaching is to cook while retaining the basic shape and structure of the food rather than to soften it, as with stewing.	null	null	null	null	3
[ "Poaching (cooking)", "follows", "sous vide" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Ostbahn (General Government)", "followed by", "Polish State Railways" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Ostbahn (General Government)", "followed by", "Russian Railways" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Transitional deacon", "followed by", "Catholic priest" ]	The vestments most particularly associated with the Western Rite Catholic deacon are the alb, stole and dalmatic. Deacons, like priests and bishops, must wear their albs and stoles; deacons place the stole over their left shoulder and it hangs across to their right side, while priests and bishops wear it around their necks. The dalmatic, a vestment especially associated with the deacon, is worn during the celebration of the mass and other liturgical functions; its use is more liberally applied than the corresponding vestment of the priest, the chasuble. At certain major celebrations, such as ordinations, the diocesan bishop wears a dalmatic under his chasuble, to signify that he enjoys the fullness of the three degrees of holy orders—deacon, priest, and bishop.The diaconate is conferred on seminarians continuing to the priesthood no sooner than 23 years of age (canon 1031 of the Code of Canon Law). As a permanent state, the diaconate can be conferred on single men 25 or older, and on married men 35 or older, but an older age can be required by the episcopal conference. If a married deacon is widowed, he must maintain the celibate state. Under some very rare circumstances, however, deacons who have been widowed can receive permission to remarry. This is most commonly done when the deacon is left as a single father. In some cases, a widowed deacon will seek priestly ordination, especially if his children are grown.A deacon is not styled "Father" as a priest would be, but as "Deacon", abbreviated variously as "Dn." or "Dcn." This preferred method of address is stated in the 2005 document of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, "National Directory for the Formation, Ministry and Life of Permanent Deacons in the United States". The proper address in written correspondence for all deacons of the Latin Church in the United States is "Deacon Name", although it is not uncommon to see "Rev. Mr." sometimes used. "Rev. Mr.", however, is more often used to indicate a transitional deacon (i.e., preparing for ordination to the priesthood) or one who belongs to a religious institute, while Rev. Deacon is used as the honorific for permanent deacons in many dioceses (e.g., Rev. Deacon John Smith, or Deacon John Smith). The decision as to whether deacons wear the Roman collar as street attire is left to the discretion of each bishop for his own diocese. Where clerical garb is approved by the bishop, the deacon can choose to wear or not wear the "collar".Deacons, like seminarians, religious, and the two other orders, bishops and priests, pray the Liturgy of the Hours; however, deacons are usually only required to pray morning and evening prayer.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "Transitional deacon", "followed by", "Latin Catholic priest" ]	The vestments most particularly associated with the Western Rite Catholic deacon are the alb, stole and dalmatic. Deacons, like priests and bishops, must wear their albs and stoles; deacons place the stole over their left shoulder and it hangs across to their right side, while priests and bishops wear it around their necks. The dalmatic, a vestment especially associated with the deacon, is worn during the celebration of the mass and other liturgical functions; its use is more liberally applied than the corresponding vestment of the priest, the chasuble. At certain major celebrations, such as ordinations, the diocesan bishop wears a dalmatic under his chasuble, to signify that he enjoys the fullness of the three degrees of holy orders—deacon, priest, and bishop.The diaconate is conferred on seminarians continuing to the priesthood no sooner than 23 years of age (canon 1031 of the Code of Canon Law). As a permanent state, the diaconate can be conferred on single men 25 or older, and on married men 35 or older, but an older age can be required by the episcopal conference. If a married deacon is widowed, he must maintain the celibate state. Under some very rare circumstances, however, deacons who have been widowed can receive permission to remarry. This is most commonly done when the deacon is left as a single father. In some cases, a widowed deacon will seek priestly ordination, especially if his children are grown.A deacon is not styled "Father" as a priest would be, but as "Deacon", abbreviated variously as "Dn." or "Dcn." This preferred method of address is stated in the 2005 document of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, "National Directory for the Formation, Ministry and Life of Permanent Deacons in the United States". The proper address in written correspondence for all deacons of the Latin Church in the United States is "Deacon Name", although it is not uncommon to see "Rev. Mr." sometimes used. "Rev. Mr.", however, is more often used to indicate a transitional deacon (i.e., preparing for ordination to the priesthood) or one who belongs to a religious institute, while Rev. Deacon is used as the honorific for permanent deacons in many dioceses (e.g., Rev. Deacon John Smith, or Deacon John Smith). The decision as to whether deacons wear the Roman collar as street attire is left to the discretion of each bishop for his own diocese. Where clerical garb is approved by the bishop, the deacon can choose to wear or not wear the "collar".Deacons, like seminarians, religious, and the two other orders, bishops and priests, pray the Liturgy of the Hours; however, deacons are usually only required to pray morning and evening prayer.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "Cooking", "uses", "heat" ]	Cooking, cookery, or culinary arts is the art, science and craft of using heat to make food more palatable, digestible, nutritious, or safe. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting local conditions. Types of cooking also depend on the skill levels and training of the cooks. Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments. Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans. Archeological evidence of cooking fires from at least 300,000 years ago exists, but some estimate that humans started cooking up to 2 million years ago.The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade, and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients. New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling of water, expanded cooking techniques. Some modern cooks apply advanced scientific techniques to food preparation to further enhance the flavor of the dish served.Food safety Cooking can prevent many foodborne illnesses that would otherwise occur if the food is eaten raw. When heat is used in the preparation of food, it can kill or inactivate harmful organisms, such as bacteria and viruses, as well as various parasites such as tapeworms and Toxoplasma gondii. Food poisoning and other illness from uncooked or poorly prepared food may be caused by bacteria such as pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Campylobacter, viruses such as noroviruses, and protozoa such as Entamoeba histolytica. Bacteria, viruses and parasites may be introduced through salad, meat that is uncooked or done rare, and unboiled water.The sterilizing effect of cooking depends on temperature, cooking time, and technique used. Some food spoilage bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum or Bacillus cereus can form spores that survive boiling, which then germinate and regrow after the food has cooled. This makes it unsafe to reheat cooked food more than once.Cooking increases the digestibility of many foods which are inedible or poisonous when raw. For example, raw cereal grains are hard to digest, while kidney beans are toxic when raw or improperly cooked due to the presence of phytohaemagglutinin, which is inactivated by cooking for at least ten minutes at 100 °C (212 °F).Food safety depends on the safe preparation, handling, and storage of food. Food spoilage bacteria proliferate in the "Danger zone" temperature range from 40 to 140 °F (4 to 60 °C), food therefore should not be stored in this temperature range. Washing of hands and surfaces, especially when handling different meats, and keeping raw food separate from cooked food to avoid cross-contamination, are good practices in food preparation. Foods prepared on plastic cutting boards may be less likely to harbor bacteria than wooden ones. Washing and disinfecting cutting boards, especially after use with raw meat, poultry, or seafood, reduces the risk of contamination.	null	null	null	null	3
[ "Cooking", "followed by", "eating" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Cooking", "uses", "food preparation technique" ]		null	null	null	null	11
[ "Cooking", "followed by", "food photography" ]		null	null	null	null	12
[ "Cooking", "follows", "gathering" ]		null	null	null	null	13
[ "Cooking", "followed by", "food presentation" ]		null	null	null	null	15
[ "Cooking", "topic's main category", "Category:Cooking" ]		null	null	null	null	19
[ "Cooking", "follows", "butchering" ]		null	null	null	null	21
[ "Leading-tone", "followed by", "tonic" ]	Note Seventh scale degree (or lower leading tone) Typically, when people speak of the leading tone, they mean the seventh scale degree () of the major scale, which has a strong affinity for and leads melodically to the tonic. It is sung as ti in movable-do solfège. For example, in the C major scale, the leading note is the note B.As a diatonic function, the leading tone is the seventh scale degree of any diatonic scale when the distance between it and the tonic is a single semitone. In diatonic scales in which there is a whole tone between the seventh scale degree and the tonic, such as the Mixolydian mode, the seventh degree is called the subtonic. However, in modes without a leading tone, such as Dorian and Mixolydian, a raised seventh is often featured during cadences, such as in the harmonic minor scale. A leading tone outside of the current scale is called a secondary leading-tone, leading to a secondary tonic. It functions to briefly tonicize a scale tone (usually the 5th degree) as part of a secondary dominant chord. In the second measure of Beethoven's Waldstein Sonata (shown below), the F♯'s function as secondary leading-tones, which resolve to G in the next measure.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "Leading-tone", "different from", "supertonic" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Leading-tone", "follows", "submediant" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Sous vide", "follows", "steeping" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Sous vide", "followed by", "poaching" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "5216 Cannizzo", "followed by", "5217 Chaozhou" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "5216 Cannizzo", "follows", "5215 Tsurui" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED", "followed by", "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED", "topic's main category", "Category:Mobile Suit Gundam SEED" ]		null	null	null	null	37
[ "Toonzai", "owned by", "4Kids Entertainment" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Toonzai", "followed by", "The CW" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Radio Moscow", "followed by", "Voice of Russia" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Overture", "followed by", "allemande" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Overture", "topic's main category", "Category:Overtures" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Transport layer", "follows", "network layer" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "Transport layer", "followed by", "session layer" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Transport layer", "follows", "Internet layer" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Transport layer", "topic's main category", "Category:Transport layer protocols" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Transport layer", "followed by", "application layer" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "H.263", "followed by", "H.264/MPEG-4 AVC" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "H.263", "follows", "H.262/MPEG-2 Video" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Theatre Museum", "followed by", "Victoria and Albert Museum" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Labioscrotal swelling", "followed by", "scrotum" ]	In the female, they become the posterior labial commissure. The sides of the genital tubercle grow backward as the genital swellings, which ultimately form the labia majora; the tubercle itself becomes the mons pubis. In contrast, the labia minora are formed by the urogenital folds. In the male, they become the scrotum.	null	null	null	null	0
[ "Labioscrotal swelling", "followed by", "labia majora" ]	The labioscrotal swellings (genital swellings or labioscrotal folds) are paired structures in the human embryo that represent the final stage of development of the caudal end of the external genitals before sexual differentiation. In both males and females, the two swellings merge:	null	null	null	null	2
[ "VD 16", "main subject", "16th century" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "VD 16", "followed by", "VD 17" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "VD 16", "main subject", "German-language literature" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "VD 16", "main subject", "books in Germany" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "VD 16", "topic's main category", "Category:VD 16" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Bølling oscillation", "followed by", "Older Dryas" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "Bølling oscillation", "follows", "Oldest Dryas" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "2269 Efremiana", "follows", "2268 Szmytowna" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "2269 Efremiana", "followed by", "2270 Yazhi" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "2269 Efremiana", "significant event", "naming" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Old Latin", "followed by", "Classical Latin" ]	Old Latin, also known as Early Latin or Archaic Latin (Classical Latin: prīsca Latīnitās, lit. 'ancient Latinity'), was the Latin language in the period before 75 BC, i.e. before the age of Classical Latin. It descends from a common Proto-Italic language; Latino-Faliscan is likely a separate branch from Osco-Umbrian with possible further relation to other Italic languages and to Celtic; e.g. the Italo-Celtic hypothesis. The use of "old", "early" and "archaic" has been standard in publications of Old Latin writings since at least the 18th century. The definition is not arbitrary, but the terms refer to spelling conventions and word forms not generally found in works written under the Roman Empire. This article presents some of the major differences. The earliest known specimen of Latin seems to be on the Praeneste fibula. A new analysis done in 2011 declared it to be genuine "beyond any reasonable doubt" and dating from the Orientalizing period, in the first half of the seventh century BC. Other Old Latin inscriptions dated to either the late Roman Kingdom or early Roman Republic include the Lapis Niger stone, the Duenos Inscription on a kernos vase, and the Garigliano bowl of Bucchero type.	null	null	null	null	2

[ "Awakening", "followed by", "wakefulness" ]

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1

[ "Baronie van Breda", "followed by", "Duchy of Brabant" ]

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2

[ "1954 1000 km Buenos Aires", "followed by", "1000-km of Buenos Aires 1955" ]

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4

[ "Emblem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "followed by", "coat of arms of Russia" ]

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0

[ "Mauser", "founded by", "Wilhelm Mauser" ]

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5

[ "Mauser", "owned by", "Rheinmetall AG" ]

After the war in Europe, the factory was briefly put back in order to produce weapons for the now under-equipped and exhausted French military. The plant was dismantled by the occupying forces for the purpose of war reparations, most factory buildings (approximately 60% in total) were demolished and the records destroyed on orders of the local French Army commander. For a number of years, Mauser Werke manufactured precision measurement instruments and tools, such as micrometers. Edmund Heckler, Theodor Koch, and Alex Seidel, former Mauser engineers, saved what they could and founded Heckler & Koch, which has since become Germany's main small-arms manufacturer. Mauser continued to make hunting and sporting rifles. In 1994, it became a subsidiary of Rheinmetall, a manufacturer of autocannons such as the Mauser BK-27 and other munitions until 2004, when it was merged into Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH. In 1999 the civilian manufacture of hunting, defense, and sporting rifles were split off from Rheinmetall.1990–2004 In 1995 the firearms division of Mauser was bought by Rheinmetall Berlin AG; the sale was completed in 1996 and the company is named Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Waffensysteme GmbH. Rheinmetall Berlin AG was renamed Rheinmetall AG in the same year. In 1999 part of Mauser was sold to Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG) (no longer in the arms industry). This became Mauser Jagdwaffen GmbH. The division owned by Rheinmetall was named Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Waffensysteme GmbH. In 2000 Mauser Jagdwaffen GmbH was sold to Luke & Ortmeier Group during the divestiture by SIG of all its firearms businesses, but remains an operation.In 2004 Rheinmetall Waffen Munition GmbH was formed by a merger of Rheinmetall W & M GmbH, Mauser-Werke Oberndorf Waffensysteme GmbH, Buck Neue Technologien GmbH, Pyrotechnik Silberhütte GmbH and the NICO pyrotechnics Hanns-Jürgen Diederichs GmbH & Co. KG. Mauser SR 93 sniper rifle Model 94 Model 96 / model 96 S – a straight pull action rifle Mauser SR 97 Mauser 80SA – a Browning Hi-Power clone manufactured by Fegyver- és Gépgyár (FÉG) and finished by Mauser Mauser 90DA – a DA/SA Hi-Power derivative, also manufactured by FÉG

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7

[ "Mauser", "followed by", "Rheinmetall AG" ]

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8

[ "Mauser", "follows", "Königlich Württembergische Gewehrfabrik" ]

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13

[ "Mauser", "followed by", "Mauser Jagdwaffen GmbH" ]

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14

[ "Mauser", "topic's main category", "Category:Mauser" ]

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17

[ "2nd Army (Wehrmacht)", "founded by", "Maximilian von Weichs" ]

History 1939-1941 The 2nd Army headquarters was briefly established in Berlin from Group Command 1 on 26 August 1939 and at the beginning of the Invasion of Poland it was renamed Army Group North on 2 September.The 2nd Army was reestablished on 20 October 1939, with Generaloberst Maximilian von Weichs in command, by renaming the 8th Army, which had been moved from Poland to the west. After the beginning of the Battle of France the army was assigned to Army Group A in June 1940, when it fought across the Aisne and around Reims. In April 1941, the army was involved in the invasion of the Balkans, capturing Belgrade in a rapid offensive.

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2

[ "2nd Army (Wehrmacht)", "followed by", "Army Group North" ]

History 1939-1941 The 2nd Army headquarters was briefly established in Berlin from Group Command 1 on 26 August 1939 and at the beginning of the Invasion of Poland it was renamed Army Group North on 2 September.The 2nd Army was reestablished on 20 October 1939, with Generaloberst Maximilian von Weichs in command, by renaming the 8th Army, which had been moved from Poland to the west. After the beginning of the Battle of France the army was assigned to Army Group A in June 1940, when it fought across the Aisne and around Reims. In April 1941, the army was involved in the invasion of the Balkans, capturing Belgrade in a rapid offensive.

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3

[ "2nd Army (Wehrmacht)", "different from", "Second Army" ]

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4

[ "Electorate of Hanover", "followed by", "Kingdom of Hanover" ]

The Electorate of Hanover (German: Kurfürstentum Hannover or simply Kurhannover) was an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, located in northwestern Germany and taking its name from the capital city of Hanover. It was formally known as the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (German: Kurfürstentum Braunschweig-Lüneburg). For most of its existence, the electorate was ruled in personal union with Great Britain and Ireland following the Hanoverian Succession. The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg had been split in 1269 between different branches of the House of Welf. The Principality of Calenberg, ruled by a cadet branch of the family, emerged as the largest and most powerful of the Brunswick-Lüneburg states. In 1692, the Holy Roman Emperor elevated the Prince of Calenberg to the College of Electors, creating the new Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The fortunes of the Electorate were tied to those of Great Britain by the Act of Settlement 1701 and Act of Union 1707, which settled the succession to the British throne on Queen Anne's nearest Protestant relative, the Electress Sophia of Hanover, and her descendants.The Prince-Elector of Hanover became King of Great Britain in 1714. As a consequence, a reluctant Britain was forced time and again to defend the king's German possessions. However, Hanover remained a separately ruled territory with its own governmental bodies, and the country had to sign a treaty with Great Britain whenever Hanoverian troops fought on the British side of a war. Merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, it was re-established as the Kingdom of Hanover in 1814, and the personal union with the British crown lasted until 1837.

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10

[ "Electorate of Hanover", "topic's main category", "Category:Electorate of Hanover" ]

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14

[ "Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro", "follows", "Emblem of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" ]

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0

[ "Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro", "followed by", "coat of arms of Serbia" ]

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1

[ "Sega CD", "follows", "Sega Genesis" ]

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2

[ "Sega CD", "followed by", "Sega Saturn" ]

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7

[ "Sega CD", "topic's main category", "Category:Sega CD" ]

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9

[ "32X", "topic's main category", "Category:Sega 32X games" ]

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4

[ "32X", "followed by", "Sega Saturn" ]

The 32X is an add-on for the Sega Genesis video game console. Codenamed "Project Mars", it was designed to expand the power of the Genesis and serve as a transitional console into the 32-bit era until the release of the Sega Saturn. The 32X uses its own ROM cartridges and has its own library of games. It was distributed under the name Super 32X in Japan and South Korea, Genesis 32X in North America, Mega 32X in Brazil, and Mega Drive 32X in all other regions. Sega unveiled the 32X at the Consumer Electronics Show in June 1994, and presented it as a low-cost option for 32-bit games. It was developed in response to the Atari Jaguar and concerns that the Saturn would not make it to market by the end of 1994. Though the 32X was conceived as a new, standalone console, at the suggestion of Sega of America executive Joe Miller and his team, it became an add-on for the Genesis and made more powerful. The final design contained two 32-bit central processing units and a visual display processor. The 32X failed to attract third-party video game developers and consumers because of the announcement of the Saturn's simultaneous release in Japan. Sega's efforts to rush the 32X to market cut into time for game development, resulting in a weak library of 40 games that did not fully use the hardware, including Genesis ports. Sega produced 800,000 32X units and sold an estimated 665,000 by the end of 1994, selling the rest at steep discounts until it was discontinued in 1996 as Sega turned its focus to the Saturn. The 32X is considered a commercial failure. Initial reception was positive, highlighting the low price and power expansion to the Genesis. However, later reviews, both contemporary and retrospective, were mostly negative because of its shallow game library, poor market timing and its market fragmentation of the Genesis.

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5

[ "32X", "follows", "Sega CD" ]

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7

[ "County of Aragon", "followed by", "Kingdom of Aragon" ]

The County of Aragon (Aragonese: Condato d'Aragón) or County of Jaca (Aragonese: Condato de Chaca) was a small Frankish marcher county in the central Pyrenean valley of the Aragon river, comprising Ansó, Echo, and Canfranc and centered on the small town of Jaca (Iacca in Latin and Chaca in Aragonese), an area now part of Spain. It was created by the Carolingians late in the 8th or early in the 9th century, but soon fell into the orbit of the Kingdom of Navarre, into which it was absorbed in 922. It would later form the core of the 11th century Kingdom of Aragon.

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3

[ "County of Aragon", "replaces", "Spanish march" ]

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8

[ "County of Ribagorza", "followed by", "Kingdom of Aragon" ]

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4

[ "County of Ribagorza", "replaces", "Spanish march" ]

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7

[ "Apollo 1", "followed by", "Apollo 4" ]

New mission naming scheme The astronauts' widows asked that Apollo 1 be reserved for the flight their husbands never made, and on April 24, 1967, Mueller, as Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, announced this change officially: AS-204 would be recorded as Apollo 1, "first manned Apollo Saturn flight – failed on ground test". Even though three uncrewed Apollo missions (AS-201, AS-202, and AS-203) had previously occurred, only AS-201 and AS-202 carried spacecraft. Therefore, the next mission, the first uncrewed Saturn V test flight (AS-501) would be designated Apollo 4, with all subsequent flights numbered sequentially in the order flown. The first three flights would not be renumbered, and the names Apollo 2 and Apollo 3 would officially go unused. Mueller considered AS-201 and AS-202, the first and second flights of the Apollo Block I CSM, as Apollo 2 and 3 respectively.The crewed flight hiatus allowed work to catch up on the Saturn V and lunar module, which were encountering their own delays. Apollo 4 flew in November 1967. Apollo 1's (AS-204) Saturn IB rocket was taken down from Launch Complex 34, later reassembled at Launch complex 37B and used to launch Apollo 5, an uncrewed Earth orbital test flight of the first lunar module, LM-1, in January 1968. A second uncrewed Saturn V AS-502 flew as Apollo 6 in April 1968, and Grissom's backup crew of Wally Schirra, Don Eisele, and Walter Cunningham, finally flew the orbital test mission as Apollo 7 (AS-205), in a Block II CSM in October 1968.

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7

[ "Apollo 1", "follows", "AS-202" ]

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8

[ "Apollo 1", "topic's main category", "Category:Apollo 1" ]

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18

[ "Principate", "followed by", "Dominate" ]

The Principate is the form of imperial government of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in 27 BC to the end of the Crisis of the Third Century in AD 284, after which it evolved into the Dominate.The Principate is characterised by the reign of a single emperor (princeps) and an effort on the part of the early emperors, at least, to preserve the illusion of the formal continuance, in some aspects, of the Roman Republic.

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6

[ "Vela Supernova Remnant", "followed by", "Vela Pulsar" ]

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3

[ "Vela Supernova Remnant", "followed by", "NGC 2736" ]

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4

[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "based on", "The Hundred and One Dalmatians" ]

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0

[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "followed by", "102 Dalmatians" ]

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7

[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "narrative location", "London" ]

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10

[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "different from", "One Hundred and One Dalmatians" ]

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12

[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "based on", "One Hundred and One Dalmatians" ]

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16

[ "101 Dalmatians (1996 film)", "follows", "Cruella" ]

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50

[ "Guards Cuirassiers (Prussia)", "followed by", "1st Cavalry Division (Reichswehr)" ]

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10

[ "Hadrut District (NKAO)", "followed by", "Hadrut Province" ]

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6

[ "Hadrut District (NKAO)", "followed by", "Khojavend District" ]

History The district was formed on 8 August 1930, as the Dizak district; it was renamed Hadrut District on 17 September 1939. The administrative center of the district was the town of Hadrut.The total area of the district was 679 km2 and it included 41 villages (1986).Along with NKAO, the district was abolished on 26 November 1991 and was incorporated into Khojavend District of Azerbaijan.Following the First Nagorno-Karabakh war, the former district came under the control of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh and was incorporated into its Hadrut Province. However, during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Azerbaijan recaptured the town of Hadrut during the Battle of Hadrut, followed by the whole of the district.

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7

[ "Hadrut District (NKAO)", "topic's main category", "Category:Hadrut Rayon" ]

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9

[ "Englebert (tyre manufacturer)", "followed by", "Continental AG" ]

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2

[ "Monism", "followed by", "dualism" ]

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4

[ "Monism", "different from", "monad" ]

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11

[ "Monism", "topic's main category", "Category:Monism" ]

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16

[ "Cash and carry (World War II)", "followed by", "Lend-Lease" ]

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0

[ "Russian Party of Life", "followed by", "A Just Russia" ]

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4

[ "Russian Party of Life", "founded by", "Sergey Mironov" ]

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5

[ "Poaching (cooking)", "different from", "poaching" ]

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1

[ "Poaching (cooking)", "followed by", "simmering" ]

Comparison to other methods of preparation Water is a relatively efficient conductor of heat, but it also has a fairly low limit to its maximum potential temperature (100 °C (212 °F) at sea level). As such, it is a technique that applies to a broad spectrum of methods and results. It is used to regulate food at a low temperature for extended periods, as with sous-vide. It is also used to rapidly raise the temperature of foods, as with blanching. Poaching is part of a family of moist-heat cooking methods but separates itself because it is primarily for delicate foods such as eggs. Simmering generally uses a higher temperature for cooking, and because it surrounds the food in water that maintains a more or less constant temperature, simmering cooks food very evenly. Boiling uses the absolute highest temperature for water and is least likely to be used in cooking delicate foods.While it cannot achieve caramelization, which to many is very desirable, many find the delicate nuance of so-called "blanc" foods very pleasant. Poaching is often confused with stewing, as both techniques involve cooking through simmering. However, the purpose of poaching is to cook while retaining the basic shape and structure of the food rather than to soften it, as with stewing.

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3

[ "Poaching (cooking)", "follows", "sous vide" ]

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5

[ "Ostbahn (General Government)", "followed by", "Polish State Railways" ]

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2

[ "Ostbahn (General Government)", "followed by", "Russian Railways" ]

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3

[ "Transitional deacon", "followed by", "Catholic priest" ]

The vestments most particularly associated with the Western Rite Catholic deacon are the alb, stole and dalmatic. Deacons, like priests and bishops, must wear their albs and stoles; deacons place the stole over their left shoulder and it hangs across to their right side, while priests and bishops wear it around their necks. The dalmatic, a vestment especially associated with the deacon, is worn during the celebration of the mass and other liturgical functions; its use is more liberally applied than the corresponding vestment of the priest, the chasuble. At certain major celebrations, such as ordinations, the diocesan bishop wears a dalmatic under his chasuble, to signify that he enjoys the fullness of the three degrees of holy orders—deacon, priest, and bishop.The diaconate is conferred on seminarians continuing to the priesthood no sooner than 23 years of age (canon 1031 of the Code of Canon Law). As a permanent state, the diaconate can be conferred on single men 25 or older, and on married men 35 or older, but an older age can be required by the episcopal conference. If a married deacon is widowed, he must maintain the celibate state. Under some very rare circumstances, however, deacons who have been widowed can receive permission to remarry. This is most commonly done when the deacon is left as a single father. In some cases, a widowed deacon will seek priestly ordination, especially if his children are grown.A deacon is not styled "Father" as a priest would be, but as "Deacon", abbreviated variously as "Dn." or "Dcn." This preferred method of address is stated in the 2005 document of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, "National Directory for the Formation, Ministry and Life of Permanent Deacons in the United States". The proper address in written correspondence for all deacons of the Latin Church in the United States is "Deacon Name", although it is not uncommon to see "Rev. Mr." sometimes used. "Rev. Mr.", however, is more often used to indicate a transitional deacon (i.e., preparing for ordination to the priesthood) or one who belongs to a religious institute, while Rev. Deacon is used as the honorific for permanent deacons in many dioceses (e.g., Rev. Deacon John Smith, or Deacon John Smith). The decision as to whether deacons wear the Roman collar as street attire is left to the discretion of each bishop for his own diocese. Where clerical garb is approved by the bishop, the deacon can choose to wear or not wear the "collar".Deacons, like seminarians, religious, and the two other orders, bishops and priests, pray the Liturgy of the Hours; however, deacons are usually only required to pray morning and evening prayer.

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1

[ "Transitional deacon", "followed by", "Latin Catholic priest" ]

The vestments most particularly associated with the Western Rite Catholic deacon are the alb, stole and dalmatic. Deacons, like priests and bishops, must wear their albs and stoles; deacons place the stole over their left shoulder and it hangs across to their right side, while priests and bishops wear it around their necks. The dalmatic, a vestment especially associated with the deacon, is worn during the celebration of the mass and other liturgical functions; its use is more liberally applied than the corresponding vestment of the priest, the chasuble. At certain major celebrations, such as ordinations, the diocesan bishop wears a dalmatic under his chasuble, to signify that he enjoys the fullness of the three degrees of holy orders—deacon, priest, and bishop.The diaconate is conferred on seminarians continuing to the priesthood no sooner than 23 years of age (canon 1031 of the Code of Canon Law). As a permanent state, the diaconate can be conferred on single men 25 or older, and on married men 35 or older, but an older age can be required by the episcopal conference. If a married deacon is widowed, he must maintain the celibate state. Under some very rare circumstances, however, deacons who have been widowed can receive permission to remarry. This is most commonly done when the deacon is left as a single father. In some cases, a widowed deacon will seek priestly ordination, especially if his children are grown.A deacon is not styled "Father" as a priest would be, but as "Deacon", abbreviated variously as "Dn." or "Dcn." This preferred method of address is stated in the 2005 document of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, "National Directory for the Formation, Ministry and Life of Permanent Deacons in the United States". The proper address in written correspondence for all deacons of the Latin Church in the United States is "Deacon Name", although it is not uncommon to see "Rev. Mr." sometimes used. "Rev. Mr.", however, is more often used to indicate a transitional deacon (i.e., preparing for ordination to the priesthood) or one who belongs to a religious institute, while Rev. Deacon is used as the honorific for permanent deacons in many dioceses (e.g., Rev. Deacon John Smith, or Deacon John Smith). The decision as to whether deacons wear the Roman collar as street attire is left to the discretion of each bishop for his own diocese. Where clerical garb is approved by the bishop, the deacon can choose to wear or not wear the "collar".Deacons, like seminarians, religious, and the two other orders, bishops and priests, pray the Liturgy of the Hours; however, deacons are usually only required to pray morning and evening prayer.

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2

[ "Cooking", "uses", "heat" ]

Cooking, cookery, or culinary arts is the art, science and craft of using heat to make food more palatable, digestible, nutritious, or safe. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely, from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting local conditions. Types of cooking also depend on the skill levels and training of the cooks. Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments. Preparing food with heat or fire is an activity unique to humans. Archeological evidence of cooking fires from at least 300,000 years ago exists, but some estimate that humans started cooking up to 2 million years ago.The expansion of agriculture, commerce, trade, and transportation between civilizations in different regions offered cooks many new ingredients. New inventions and technologies, such as the invention of pottery for holding and boiling of water, expanded cooking techniques. Some modern cooks apply advanced scientific techniques to food preparation to further enhance the flavor of the dish served.Food safety Cooking can prevent many foodborne illnesses that would otherwise occur if the food is eaten raw. When heat is used in the preparation of food, it can kill or inactivate harmful organisms, such as bacteria and viruses, as well as various parasites such as tapeworms and Toxoplasma gondii. Food poisoning and other illness from uncooked or poorly prepared food may be caused by bacteria such as pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Campylobacter, viruses such as noroviruses, and protozoa such as Entamoeba histolytica. Bacteria, viruses and parasites may be introduced through salad, meat that is uncooked or done rare, and unboiled water.The sterilizing effect of cooking depends on temperature, cooking time, and technique used. Some food spoilage bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum or Bacillus cereus can form spores that survive boiling, which then germinate and regrow after the food has cooled. This makes it unsafe to reheat cooked food more than once.Cooking increases the digestibility of many foods which are inedible or poisonous when raw. For example, raw cereal grains are hard to digest, while kidney beans are toxic when raw or improperly cooked due to the presence of phytohaemagglutinin, which is inactivated by cooking for at least ten minutes at 100 °C (212 °F).Food safety depends on the safe preparation, handling, and storage of food. Food spoilage bacteria proliferate in the "Danger zone" temperature range from 40 to 140 °F (4 to 60 °C), food therefore should not be stored in this temperature range. Washing of hands and surfaces, especially when handling different meats, and keeping raw food separate from cooked food to avoid cross-contamination, are good practices in food preparation. Foods prepared on plastic cutting boards may be less likely to harbor bacteria than wooden ones. Washing and disinfecting cutting boards, especially after use with raw meat, poultry, or seafood, reduces the risk of contamination.

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3

[ "Cooking", "followed by", "eating" ]

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6

[ "Cooking", "uses", "food preparation technique" ]

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11

[ "Cooking", "followed by", "food photography" ]

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12

[ "Cooking", "follows", "gathering" ]

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13

[ "Cooking", "followed by", "food presentation" ]

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15

[ "Cooking", "topic's main category", "Category:Cooking" ]

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19

[ "Cooking", "follows", "butchering" ]

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21

[ "Leading-tone", "followed by", "tonic" ]

Note Seventh scale degree (or lower leading tone) Typically, when people speak of the leading tone, they mean the seventh scale degree () of the major scale, which has a strong affinity for and leads melodically to the tonic. It is sung as ti in movable-do solfège. For example, in the C major scale, the leading note is the note B.As a diatonic function, the leading tone is the seventh scale degree of any diatonic scale when the distance between it and the tonic is a single semitone. In diatonic scales in which there is a whole tone between the seventh scale degree and the tonic, such as the Mixolydian mode, the seventh degree is called the subtonic. However, in modes without a leading tone, such as Dorian and Mixolydian, a raised seventh is often featured during cadences, such as in the harmonic minor scale. A leading tone outside of the current scale is called a secondary leading-tone, leading to a secondary tonic. It functions to briefly tonicize a scale tone (usually the 5th degree) as part of a secondary dominant chord. In the second measure of Beethoven's Waldstein Sonata (shown below), the F♯'s function as secondary leading-tones, which resolve to G in the next measure.

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2

[ "Leading-tone", "different from", "supertonic" ]

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3

[ "Leading-tone", "follows", "submediant" ]

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4

[ "Sous vide", "follows", "steeping" ]

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2

[ "Sous vide", "followed by", "poaching" ]

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5

[ "5216 Cannizzo", "followed by", "5217 Chaozhou" ]

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6

[ "5216 Cannizzo", "follows", "5215 Tsurui" ]

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7

[ "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED", "followed by", "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny" ]

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10

[ "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED", "topic's main category", "Category:Mobile Suit Gundam SEED" ]

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37

[ "Toonzai", "owned by", "4Kids Entertainment" ]

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2

[ "Toonzai", "followed by", "The CW" ]

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3

[ "Radio Moscow", "followed by", "Voice of Russia" ]

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4

[ "Overture", "followed by", "allemande" ]

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5

[ "Overture", "topic's main category", "Category:Overtures" ]

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10

[ "Transport layer", "follows", "network layer" ]

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0

[ "Transport layer", "followed by", "session layer" ]

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1

[ "Transport layer", "follows", "Internet layer" ]

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3

[ "Transport layer", "topic's main category", "Category:Transport layer protocols" ]

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4

[ "Transport layer", "followed by", "application layer" ]

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5

[ "H.263", "followed by", "H.264/MPEG-4 AVC" ]

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0

[ "H.263", "follows", "H.262/MPEG-2 Video" ]

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1

[ "Theatre Museum", "followed by", "Victoria and Albert Museum" ]

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4

[ "Labioscrotal swelling", "followed by", "scrotum" ]

In the female, they become the posterior labial commissure. The sides of the genital tubercle grow backward as the genital swellings, which ultimately form the labia majora; the tubercle itself becomes the mons pubis. In contrast, the labia minora are formed by the urogenital folds. In the male, they become the scrotum.

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0

[ "Labioscrotal swelling", "followed by", "labia majora" ]

The labioscrotal swellings (genital swellings or labioscrotal folds) are paired structures in the human embryo that represent the final stage of development of the caudal end of the external genitals before sexual differentiation. In both males and females, the two swellings merge:

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2

[ "VD 16", "main subject", "16th century" ]

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2

[ "VD 16", "followed by", "VD 17" ]

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3

[ "VD 16", "main subject", "German-language literature" ]

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6

[ "VD 16", "main subject", "books in Germany" ]

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8

[ "VD 16", "topic's main category", "Category:VD 16" ]

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10

[ "Bølling oscillation", "followed by", "Older Dryas" ]

null

0

[ "Bølling oscillation", "follows", "Oldest Dryas" ]

null

1

[ "2269 Efremiana", "follows", "2268 Szmytowna" ]

null

6

[ "2269 Efremiana", "followed by", "2270 Yazhi" ]

null

7

[ "2269 Efremiana", "significant event", "naming" ]

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[ "Old Latin", "followed by", "Classical Latin" ]

Old Latin, also known as Early Latin or Archaic Latin (Classical Latin: prīsca Latīnitās, lit. 'ancient Latinity'), was the Latin language in the period before 75 BC, i.e. before the age of Classical Latin. It descends from a common Proto-Italic language; Latino-Faliscan is likely a separate branch from Osco-Umbrian with possible further relation to other Italic languages and to Celtic; e.g. the Italo-Celtic hypothesis. The use of "old", "early" and "archaic" has been standard in publications of Old Latin writings since at least the 18th century. The definition is not arbitrary, but the terms refer to spelling conventions and word forms not generally found in works written under the Roman Empire. This article presents some of the major differences. The earliest known specimen of Latin seems to be on the Praeneste fibula. A new analysis done in 2011 declared it to be genuine "beyond any reasonable doubt" and dating from the Orientalizing period, in the first half of the seventh century BC. Other Old Latin inscriptions dated to either the late Roman Kingdom or early Roman Republic include the Lapis Niger stone, the Duenos Inscription on a kernos vase, and the Garigliano bowl of Bucchero type.

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