triplets
list | passage
stringlengths 0
32.9k
| label
stringlengths 4
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⌀ | label_id
int64 0
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⌀ | synonyms
list | __index_level_1__
int64 312
64.1k
⌀ | __index_level_0__
int64 0
2.4k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Eureka effect",
"said to be the same as",
"insight"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Eureka effect",
"different from",
"Iluminacja"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Biochar",
"said to be the same as",
"activated carbon"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Bits per second",
"said to be the same as",
"baud"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Allied military phonetic spelling alphabets",
"said to be the same as",
"NATO phonetic alphabet"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Polar mesospheric clouds",
"said to be the same as",
"noctilucent cloud"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Central Black Earth Oblast",
"said to be the same as",
"Central Black Earth Region"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Central Black Earth Oblast",
"replaces",
"Oryol Governorate"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Central Black Earth Oblast",
"replaces",
"Voronezh Governorate"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Central Black Earth Oblast",
"replaces",
"Kursk Governorate"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Central Black Earth Oblast",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Central Chernozem Oblast"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Axiom of equity",
"said to be the same as",
"Golden Rule"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"ر",
"different from",
"resh"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"ر",
"said to be the same as",
"ר"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"ر",
"said to be the same as",
"ਰ"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"ر",
"followed by",
"ڑ"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"ر",
"followed by",
"ز"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"ر",
"follows",
"ذ"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"ي",
"said to be the same as",
"י"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"ي",
"follows",
"و"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"ك",
"said to be the same as",
"כ"
] |
It can mean "like" or "as", as in literary Arabic (see below).
In colloquial Hebrew, kaph and shin together have the meaning of "when". This is a contraction of כַּאֲשֶׁר, ka'asher (when).
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"ك",
"follows",
"ق"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"ك",
"different from",
"ق"
] |
Hebrew pronunciation
The letter kaf is one of the six letters that can receive a dagesh kal. The other five are bet, gimel, daleth, pe, and tav (see Hebrew alphabet for more about these letters).
There are two orthographic variants of this letter that alter the pronunciation:Arabic kāf
The letter is named kāf, and it is written in several ways depending on its position in the word.
There are three variants of the letter:the basic form is used for the Arabic language and many other languages and is the Naskh glyph form:the cross-barred form, notably al-kāf al-mashkūlah or al-kāf al-mashqūqah, is the Nastaliq form used predominantly in the Perso-Arabic script and as an alternative form of the version above in all forms of Arabic. It has a particular use in the Sindhi language of Pakistan where it represents the aspirated /kʰ/ and is called keheh.the long s-shaped variant form, al-kāf al-mabsūṭah, which is used in Arabic texts and in Thuluth and Kufic. It is a separate letter in the Sindhi language of Pakistan, where it represents the unaspirated /k/.In varieties of Arabic kāf is almost universally pronounced as the voiceless velar plosive /k/, but in rural Palestinian and Iraqi, it is pronounced as a voiceless postalveolar affricate [t͡ʃ].
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"ك",
"followed by",
"ل"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"ل",
"different from",
"lamedh"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"ل",
"said to be the same as",
"ל"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"ل",
"follows",
"ك"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"ل",
"followed by",
"م"
] |
Lamedh or Lamed is the twelfth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew lāmed ל, Aramaic lāmaḏ , Syriac lāmaḏ ܠ, Arabic lām ل, and Phoenician lāmd 𐤋. Its sound value is [l].
The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Lambda (Λ), Latin L, and Cyrillic El (Л).Hebrew Lamed
Hebrew spelling: לָמֶד
| null | null | null | null | 10 |
[
"ل",
"follows",
"گ"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"م",
"follows",
"ل"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"م",
"followed by",
"ن"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"م",
"said to be the same as",
"מ"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"م",
"different from",
"mem"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"ف",
"follows",
"غ"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"ف",
"followed by",
"ق"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"ف",
"said to be the same as",
"פ"
] |
Pe is the seventeenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician pē , Hebrew pē פ, Aramaic pē , Syriac pē ܦ, and Arabic fāʾ ف (in abjadi order).Origins
Pe is usually assumed to come from a pictogram of a “mouth” (in Hebrew pe; in Arabic, فا fah).
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"ف",
"different from",
"pe"
] |
Pe is the seventeenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician pē , Hebrew pē פ, Aramaic pē , Syriac pē ܦ, and Arabic fāʾ ف (in abjadi order).The original sound value is a voiceless bilabial plosive: /p/; it retains this value in most Semitic languages, except for Arabic, where the sound /p/ changed into the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, carrying with it the pronunciation of the letter.
Not to be confused with the Turned g.
The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Pi (Π), Latin P, and Cyrillic П.Origins
Pe is usually assumed to come from a pictogram of a “mouth” (in Hebrew pe; in Arabic, فا fah).
| null | null | null | null | 12 |
[
"ص",
"said to be the same as",
"צ"
] |
Tsade (also spelled ṣade, ṣādē, ṣaddi, ṣad, tzadi, sadhe, tzaddik) is the eighteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ṣādē , Hebrew ṣādī צ, Aramaic ṣāḏē , Syriac ṣāḏē ܨ, Ge'ez ṣädäy ጸ, and Arabic ṣād ص. Its oldest phonetic value is debated, although there is a variety of pronunciations in different modern Semitic languages and their dialects. It represents the coalescence of three Proto-Semitic "emphatic consonants" in Canaanite. Arabic, which kept the phonemes separate, introduced variants of ṣād and ṭāʾ to express the three (see ḍād, ẓāʾ). In Aramaic, these emphatic consonants coalesced instead with ʿayin and ṭēt, respectively, thus Hebrew ereṣ ארץ (earth) is araʿ ארע in Aramaic.
The Phoenician letter is continued in the Greek san (Ϻ) and possibly sampi (Ϡ), and in Etruscan 𐌑 Ś. It may have inspired the form of the letter tse in the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets.
The corresponding letter of the Ugaritic alphabet is 𐎕 ṣade.
The letter is named "tsadek" in Yiddish, and Hebrew speakers often give it a similar name as well. This name for the letter probably originated from a fast recitation of the alphabet (i.e., "tsadi, qoph" → "tsadiq, qoph"), influenced by the Hebrew word tzadik, meaning "righteous person".Origins
The origin of ṣade is unclear. It may have come from a Proto-Sinaitic script based on a pictogram of a plant, perhaps a papyrus plant, or a fish hook (in Modern Hebrew, צד tsad means "[he] hunt[ed]", and in Arabic صاد ṣād means "[he] hunted").
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"ص",
"different from",
"tsade"
] |
Significance
In gematria, ṣadi represents the number 90. Its final form represents 900, but this is rarely used, taw, taw, and qof (400+400+100) being used instead.
As an abbreviation, it stands for ṣafon, north.
Ṣadi is also one of the seven letters that receive a special crown (called tagin) when written in a Sefer Torah. See shin, ‘ayin, tet, nun, zayin, and gimmel.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"ص",
"follows",
"ش"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"ص",
"followed by",
"ض"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"ق",
"different from",
"qoph"
] |
Arabic Qāf
The Arabic letter ق is named قاف qāf. It is written in several ways depending in its position in the word:Western and southern Yemen: Taʽizzi-Adeni and Tihamiyya dialects (coastal Yemen), in addition to southwestern (Salalah region) and eastern Oman, including Muscat, the capital.
[ʒ] is an allophone in eastern Arabia.
Actually, the [d͡ʒ] variant is the preferred pronunciation when taught outside of Arabic speaking countries where the local variant of ج is accepted as the standard, namely [d͡ʒ], [ʒ], [ɟ], or [ɡ].
In Sanaa, [ɡ] is used as the literary standard for ق, whereas the literary standard pronunciation in Sudan is [ɢ] or [ɡ].
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"ق",
"followed by",
"ک"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"ق",
"said to be the same as",
"ק"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"ق",
"follows",
"ف"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"ق",
"followed by",
"ك"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"ت",
"said to be the same as",
"ת"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"ت",
"follows",
"ب"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"ت",
"follows",
"پ"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"ت",
"followed by",
"ٹ"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"ت",
"followed by",
"ث"
] |
Syriac taw
In the Syriac alphabet, as in the Hebrew and Phoenician alphabets, taw (ܬܰܐܘ) or tăw (ܬܲܘ or ܬܰܘ) is the final letter in the alphabet, most commonly representing the voiceless dental stop [t̪] and fricative [θ] consonant pair, differentiated phonemically by hard and soft markings. When left as unmarked ܬ ܬ ܬ or marked with a qūššāyā dot above the letter ܬ݁ ܬ݁ ܬ݁ indicating 'hard' pronunciation, it is realized as a plosive /t/. When the phoneme is marked with a rūkkāḵā dot below the letter ܬ݂ ܬ݂ ܬ݂ indicating 'soft' pronunciation, the phone is spirantized to a fricative /θ/. Hard taw (taw qšīṯā) is Romanized as a plain t, while the soft form of the letter (taw rakkīḵtā) is transliterated as ṯ or th.
| null | null | null | null | 11 |
[
"ن",
"different from",
"nun"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"ن",
"said to be the same as",
"נ"
] |
Hebrew Nun
Hebrew spelling: נוּןVariations
Nun, like Kaph, Mem, Pe, and Tzadi, has a final form, used at the end of words. Its shape changes from נ to ן.
There are also nine instances of an inverted nun (׆) in the Tanakh.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"ن",
"follows",
"م"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"ن",
"followed by",
"ه"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Д",
"said to be the same as",
"Д"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Д",
"said to be the same as",
"Ⰴ"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Logical biconditional",
"said to be the same as",
"logical equivalence"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Hotmail",
"owned by",
"Microsoft"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Hotmail",
"different from",
"Outlook.com"
] |
Outlook.com, formerly named Hotmail, is a webmail service that is part of the Microsoft 365 product family. It offers mail, calendaring, contacts, and tasks services.
Founded in 1996 by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith as Hotmail, it was acquired by Microsoft in 1997 for an estimated $400 million and relaunched as MSN Hotmail, later rebranded to Windows Live Hotmail as part of the Windows Live suite of products. Microsoft phased out Hotmail in October 2011, relaunching the service as Outlook.com in 2012.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Hotmail",
"said to be the same as",
"Outlook.com"
] |
Outlook.com, formerly named Hotmail, is a webmail service that is part of the Microsoft 365 product family. It offers mail, calendaring, contacts, and tasks services.
Founded in 1996 by Sabeer Bhatia and Jack Smith as Hotmail, it was acquired by Microsoft in 1997 for an estimated $400 million and relaunched as MSN Hotmail, later rebranded to Windows Live Hotmail as part of the Windows Live suite of products. Microsoft phased out Hotmail in October 2011, relaunching the service as Outlook.com in 2012.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Video on demand",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Video on demand"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Video on demand",
"said to be the same as",
"streaming media"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Mount Horeb",
"said to be the same as",
"Biblical Mount Sinai"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"ר",
"based on",
"𐡓"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"ר",
"said to be the same as",
"ر"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"ש",
"said to be the same as",
"س"
] |
Arabic šīn/sīn
In the Arabic alphabet, šīn is at the original (21st) position in Abjadi order.
Šīn represents /ʃ/, and is the 13th letter of the modern alphabet order and is written thus:A letter variant س sīn takes the place of Samekh at 15th position.The Arabic letter šīn was an acronym for "something" (شيء šayʾ(un) [ʃajʔ(un)]) meaning the unknown in algebraic equations. In the transcription into Spanish, the Greek letter chi (χ) was used which was later transcribed into Latin x. According to some sources, this is the origin of x used for the unknown in the equations. However, according to other sources, there is no historical evidence for this. In Modern Arabic mathematical notation, س sīn, i.e. šīn without its dots, often corresponds to Latin x.
In Moroccan Arabic, the letter ڜ, šīn with an additional three dots below, is used to transliterate the /t͡ʃ/ sound in Spanish loan words.
In Unicode, this is U+069C ڜ ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"ש",
"said to be the same as",
"ش"
] |
Arabic šīn/sīn
In the Arabic alphabet, šīn is at the original (21st) position in Abjadi order.
Šīn represents /ʃ/, and is the 13th letter of the modern alphabet order and is written thus:The Arabic letter šīn was an acronym for "something" (شيء šayʾ(un) [ʃajʔ(un)]) meaning the unknown in algebraic equations. In the transcription into Spanish, the Greek letter chi (χ) was used which was later transcribed into Latin x. According to some sources, this is the origin of x used for the unknown in the equations. However, according to other sources, there is no historical evidence for this. In Modern Arabic mathematical notation, س sīn, i.e. šīn without its dots, often corresponds to Latin x.
In Moroccan Arabic, the letter ڜ, šīn with an additional three dots below, is used to transliterate the /t͡ʃ/ sound in Spanish loan words.
In Unicode, this is U+069C ڜ ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE.
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"ש",
"based on",
"𐡔"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"ד",
"said to be the same as",
"د"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"ד",
"based on",
"𐡃"
] |
Dalet (dāleth, also spelled Daleth or Daled) is the fourth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician dālt 𐤃, Hebrew dālet ד, Aramaic dālaṯ 𐡃, Syriac dālaṯ ܕ, and Arabic dāl د (in abjadi order; 8th in modern order). Its sound value is the voiced alveolar plosive ([d]).
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"ח",
"based on",
"𐡇"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"ח",
"said to be the same as",
"ح"
] |
Heth, sometimes written Chet, but more accurately Ḥet, is the eighth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ḥēt 𐤇 , Hebrew ḥēt ח, Aramaic ḥēṯ , Syriac ḥēṯ ܚ, and Arabic ḥāʾ ح.
Heth originally represented a voiceless fricative, either pharyngeal /ħ/, or velar /x/. In Arabic, two corresponding letters were created for both phonemic sounds: unmodified ḥāʾ ح represents /ħ/, while ḫāʾ خ represents /x/.
The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek eta Η, Etruscan , Latin H, and Cyrillic И. While H is a consonant in the Latin alphabet, the Greek and Cyrillic equivalents represent vowel sounds, though the letter was originally a consonant in Greek and this usage later evolved into the rough breathing character.
| null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"ח",
"different from",
"Heth"
] |
Heth, sometimes written Chet, but more accurately Ḥet, is the eighth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ḥēt 𐤇 , Hebrew ḥēt ח, Aramaic ḥēṯ , Syriac ḥēṯ ܚ, and Arabic ḥāʾ ح.
Heth originally represented a voiceless fricative, either pharyngeal /ħ/, or velar /x/. In Arabic, two corresponding letters were created for both phonemic sounds: unmodified ḥāʾ ح represents /ħ/, while ḫāʾ خ represents /x/.
The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek eta Η, Etruscan , Latin H, and Cyrillic И. While H is a consonant in the Latin alphabet, the Greek and Cyrillic equivalents represent vowel sounds, though the letter was originally a consonant in Greek and this usage later evolved into the rough breathing character.Arabic ḥāʾ
The letter is named حَاءْ ḥāʾ and is the sixth letter of the alphabet. Its shape varies depending on its position in the word:Pronunciation
In Arabic, ḥāʾ is similar to the English [h], but it is much "raspier", IPA: [ħ]~[ʜ]. (Pharyngeal H)
In Persian, it is [h], like ⟨ه⟩ and the English h.Hebrew Chet
Hebrew spelling: חֵיתPronunciation
In Modern Israeli Hebrew (and Ashkenazi Hebrew, although not under strict pronunciation), the letter Ḥet (חֵית) usually has the sound value of a voiceless uvular fricative (/χ/), as the historical phonemes of the letters Ḥet ח (/ħ/) and Khaf כ (/x/) merged, both becoming the voiceless uvular fricative (/χ/). In more rare Ashkenazi phonologies, it is pronounced as a voiceless pharyngeal fricative (/ħ/).
The (/ħ/) pronunciation is still common among Israeli Arabs and Mizrahi Jews (particularly among the older generation and popular Mizrahi singers, especially Yemenites), in accordance with oriental Jewish traditions (see, e.g., Mizrahi Hebrew and Yemenite Hebrew).
The ability to pronounce the Arabic letter ḥāʾ (ح) correctly as a voiceless pharyngeal fricative /ħ/ is often used as a shibboleth to distinguish Arabic-speakers from non-Arabic-speakers; in particular, pronunciation of the letter as /x/ is seen as a hallmark of Ashkenazi and Greek Jews.Ḥet is one of the few Hebrew consonants that can take a vowel at the end of a word. This occurs when patach gnuva comes under the Ḥet at the end of the word. The combination is then pronounced /-aħ/ rather than /-ħa/. For example: פָּתוּחַ (/ˌpaˈtuaħ/), and תַּפּוּחַ (/ˌtaˈpuaħ/).
| null | null | null | null | 6 |
[
"ת",
"said to be the same as",
"ت"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"ת",
"based on",
"𐡕"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Injunctive mood",
"said to be the same as",
"subjunctive"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Injunctive mood",
"said to be the same as",
"imperative"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"ב",
"different from",
"beth number"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"ב",
"said to be the same as",
"ب"
] |
The letter normally renders /b/ sound, except in some names and loanwords where it can also render /p/, often Arabized as /b/, as in بَرْسِيلْ (Persil). For /p/, it may be used interchangeably with the Persian letter پ - pe (with 3 dots) in this case.
Baa is the first letter of the Quran.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"ב",
"based on",
"𐡁"
] |
The Phoenician letter gave rise to, among others, the Greek beta (Β, β), Latin B (B, b) and Cyrillic Be (Б, б) and Ve (В, в).
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"China National Space Administration",
"said to be the same as",
"China Atomic Energy Authority"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"China National Space Administration",
"topic's main category",
"Category:China National Space Administration"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"China National Space Administration",
"said to be the same as",
"State Administration for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"1 BC",
"said to be the same as",
"year zero"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"1 BC",
"followed by",
"1"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"1 BC",
"follows",
"2 BC"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"1 BC",
"topic's main category",
"Category:1 BC"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Now",
"said to be the same as",
"present"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Love of money",
"said to be the same as",
"avarice"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Love of money",
"different from",
"avarice"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Love of money",
"said to be the same as",
"greed"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Love of money",
"different from",
"greed"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Love of money",
"said to be the same as",
"covetousness"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Love of money",
"different from",
"covetousness"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Luna Park",
"said to be the same as",
"amusement park"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Self-incrimination",
"said to be the same as",
"right to silence"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"צ",
"said to be the same as",
"ص"
] |
Tsade (also spelled ṣade, ṣādē, ṣaddi, ṣad, tzadi, sadhe, tzaddik) is the eighteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ṣādē , Hebrew ṣādī צ, Aramaic ṣāḏē , Syriac ṣāḏē ܨ, Ge'ez ṣädäy ጸ, and Arabic ṣād ص. Its oldest phonetic value is debated, although there is a variety of pronunciations in different modern Semitic languages and their dialects. It represents the coalescence of three Proto-Semitic "emphatic consonants" in Canaanite. Arabic, which kept the phonemes separate, introduced variants of ṣād and ṭāʾ to express the three (see ḍād, ẓāʾ). In Aramaic, these emphatic consonants coalesced instead with ʿayin and ṭēt, respectively, thus Hebrew ereṣ ארץ (earth) is araʿ ארע in Aramaic.
The Phoenician letter is continued in the Greek san (Ϻ) and possibly sampi (Ϡ), and in Etruscan 𐌑 Ś. It may have inspired the form of the letter tse in the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets.
The corresponding letter of the Ugaritic alphabet is 𐎕 ṣade.
The letter is named "tsadek" in Yiddish, and Hebrew speakers often give it a similar name as well. This name for the letter probably originated from a fast recitation of the alphabet (i.e., "tsadi, qoph" → "tsadiq, qoph"), influenced by the Hebrew word tzadik, meaning "righteous person".Origins
The origin of ṣade is unclear. It may have come from a Proto-Sinaitic script based on a pictogram of a plant, perhaps a papyrus plant, or a fish hook (in Modern Hebrew, צד tsad means "[he] hunt[ed]", and in Arabic صاد ṣād means "[he] hunted").
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"צ",
"based on",
"𐡑"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"ק",
"said to be the same as",
"ق"
] |
Traditionally in the scripts of the Maghreb it is written with a single dot, similarly to how the letter fā ف is written in Mashreqi scripts:
It is usually transliterated into Latin script as q, though some scholarly works use ḳ.Pronunciation
According to Sibawayh, author of the first book on Arabic grammar, the letter is pronounced voiced (maǧhūr), although some scholars argue, that Sibawayh's term maǧhūr implies lack of aspiration rather than voice. As noted above, Modern Standard Arabic has the voiceless uvular plosive /q/ as its standard pronunciation of the letter, but dialectical pronunciations vary as follows:
The three main pronunciations:
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