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32.9k
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64.1k
⌀ | __index_level_0__
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2.4k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"Apache Kafka",
"replaces",
"Advanced Message Queuing Protocol"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Apache Kafka",
"has use",
"big data"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Apache Kafka",
"has use",
"event-driven programming"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Apache Kafka",
"replaces",
"Jakarta Messaging"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Apache Kafka",
"used by",
"Uber Technology"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Apache Kafka",
"has use",
"stream processing"
] |
Apache Kafka is a distributed event store and stream-processing platform. It is an open-source system developed by the Apache Software Foundation written in Java and Scala. The project aims to provide a unified, high-throughput, low-latency platform for handling real-time data feeds. Kafka can connect to external systems (for data import/export) via Kafka Connect, and provides the Kafka Streams libraries for stream processing applications. Kafka uses a binary TCP-based protocol that is optimized for efficiency and relies on a "message set" abstraction that naturally groups messages together to reduce the overhead of the network roundtrip. This "leads to larger network packets, larger sequential disk operations, contiguous memory blocks [...] which allows Kafka to turn a bursty stream of random message writes into linear writes."Architecture
Kafka stores key-value messages that come from arbitrarily many processes called producers. The data can be partitioned into different "partitions" within different "topics". Within a partition, messages are strictly ordered by their offsets (the position of a message within a partition), and indexed and stored together with a timestamp. Other processes called "consumers" can read messages from partitions. For stream processing, Kafka offers the Streams API that allows writing Java applications that consume data from Kafka and write results back to Kafka. Apache Kafka also works with external stream processing systems such as Apache Apex, Apache Beam, Apache Flink, Apache Spark, Apache Storm, and Apache NiFi.
Kafka runs on a cluster of one or more servers (called brokers), and the partitions of all topics are distributed across the cluster nodes. Additionally, partitions are replicated to multiple brokers. This architecture allows Kafka to deliver massive streams of messages in a fault-tolerant fashion and has allowed it to replace some of the conventional messaging systems like Java Message Service (JMS), Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), etc. Since the 0.11.0.0 release, Kafka offers transactional writes, which provide exactly-once stream processing using the Streams API.
Kafka supports two types of topics: Regular and compacted. Regular topics can be configured with a retention time or a space bound. If there are records that are older than the specified retention time or if the space bound is exceeded for a partition, Kafka is allowed to delete old data to free storage space. By default, topics are configured with a retention time of 7 days, but it's also possible to store data indefinitely. For compacted topics, records don't expire based on time or space bounds. Instead, Kafka treats later messages as updates to older message with the same key and guarantees never to delete the latest message per key. Users can delete messages entirely by writing a so-called tombstone message with null-value for a specific key.
There are five major APIs in Kafka:
| null | null | null | null | 19 |
[
"Apache Kafka",
"used by",
"British Gas"
] |
Applications
Apache Kafka is based on the commit log, and it allows users to subscribe to it and publish data to any number of systems or real-time applications. Example applications include managing passenger and driver matching at Uber, providing real-time analytics and predictive maintenance for British Gas smart home, and performing numerous real-time services across all of LinkedIn.
| null | null | null | null | 20 |
[
"Apache Kafka",
"uses",
"binary protocol"
] |
Apache Kafka is a distributed event store and stream-processing platform. It is an open-source system developed by the Apache Software Foundation written in Java and Scala. The project aims to provide a unified, high-throughput, low-latency platform for handling real-time data feeds. Kafka can connect to external systems (for data import/export) via Kafka Connect, and provides the Kafka Streams libraries for stream processing applications. Kafka uses a binary TCP-based protocol that is optimized for efficiency and relies on a "message set" abstraction that naturally groups messages together to reduce the overhead of the network roundtrip. This "leads to larger network packets, larger sequential disk operations, contiguous memory blocks [...] which allows Kafka to turn a bursty stream of random message writes into linear writes."
| null | null | null | null | 21 |
[
"Apache Kafka",
"has use",
"message broker"
] |
Applications
Apache Kafka is based on the commit log, and it allows users to subscribe to it and publish data to any number of systems or real-time applications. Example applications include managing passenger and driver matching at Uber, providing real-time analytics and predictive maintenance for British Gas smart home, and performing numerous real-time services across all of LinkedIn.
| null | null | null | null | 22 |
[
"Twenty-Fourth Air Force",
"replaces",
"Air Force Cyber Command"
] |
Formation
The 24AF was originally intended to be a part of the now-defunct Air Force Cyber Command; however, 24AF became a component of Air Force Space Command on 18 August 2009.
In August 2008, then-Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Norton A. Schwartz placed a stop order suspending implementation of Air Force Cyber Command, halting personnel assignments and unit activations. On 6 October 2008, following its annual Corona conference, the Air Force announced Air Force Cyber Command activation would not take place, and that a Numbered Air Force, 24AF, would gain the cyber warfare mission as part of Air Force Space Command.One key element under 24 AF is the Air Force's primary network warfare wing, the 67th Cyberspace Wing, headquartered at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas. The new NAF also gained:
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Stobart Air",
"replaces",
"Aer Arann"
] |
Former fleet
The Aer Arann fleet which exclusively operated for Aer Lingus Regional included the following aircraft:
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Stobart Air",
"uses",
"AMOS"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"SPL Kaakkois-Suomen piiri",
"replaces",
"SPL Saimaan piiri"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Europa School UK",
"replaces",
"European School, Culham"
] |
The Europa School UK is an all-through, free school and IB world school located in Culham near Abingdon in Oxfordshire. It was founded in 2012 by stakeholders of the European School, Culham and subsumed the former school's campus upon its closure in 2017. It now offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and Middle Years Programme in the secondary section and a bilingual curriculum in primary with English and one of German, French or Spanish. From its foundation until 31 August 2021, it was the only Accredited European School in the United Kingdom. This status was lost due to Brexit.
| null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Timiș-Torontal County",
"replaces",
"Temes County"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Timiș-Torontal County",
"replaces",
"Torontál County"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Timiș-Torontal County",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Interwar Timiș-Torontal County"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Microsoft Movies & TV",
"replaces",
"Windows Media Player"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Microsoft Movies & TV",
"replaces",
"Zune Software"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Republic of New Granada",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Republic of New Granada"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Republic of New Granada",
"replaces",
"Gran Colombia"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Operational Group of Russian Forces",
"replaces",
"14th Guards Combined Arms Army"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Satrapy of Armenia",
"replaces",
"Urartu"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Sejong City",
"replaces",
"Yeongi County"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Sejong City",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Sejong City"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Aragon",
"has part(s) of the class",
"province of Spain"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"Aragon",
"replaces",
"Kingdom of Aragon"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"Aragon",
"replaces",
"Captaincy General of Aragon"
] | null | null | null | null | 35 |
|
[
"Aragon",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Aragon"
] | null | null | null | null | 36 |
|
[
"Aragon",
"has part(s) of the class",
"comarca of Aragon"
] |
Aragon ( ARR-ə-gən, US also -gon, -gohn; Spanish and Aragonese: Aragón [aɾaˈɣon]; Catalan: Aragó [əɾəˈɣo]) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. In northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to south): Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza. The current Statute of Autonomy declares Aragon a historic nationality of Spain.
Covering an area of 47720 km2 (18420 sq mi), the region's terrain ranges diversely from permanent glaciers to verdant valleys, rich pasture lands and orchards, through to the arid steppes of the central lowlands. Aragon is home to many rivers—most notably, the river Ebro, Spain's largest river in volume, which runs west–east across the entire region through the province of Zaragoza. It is also home to the highest mountains of the Pyrenees.
As of January 2021, the population of Aragon was 1326261, with slightly over half living in the capital city, Zaragoza. In 2020, the economy of Aragon generated a GDP of €34687 million, which represents 3.1% of Spain's national GDP, and is currently 6th in per capita production behind Madrid, Basque Country, Navarre, Catalonia and La Rioja.In addition to its three provinces, Aragon is subdivided into 33 comarcas or counties. All comarcas of Aragon have a rich geopolitical and cultural history from its pre-Roman, Celtic and Roman days, four centuries of Islamic rule as Marca Superior of Al-Andalus or kingdom (or taifa) of Saraqusta, as lands that once belonged to the Frankish Marca Hispanica, counties that later formed the Kingdom of Aragon, and eventually the Crown of Aragon.
| null | null | null | null | 45 |
[
"Aragon",
"has part(s) of the class",
"municipality of Aragon"
] | null | null | null | null | 46 |
|
[
"WARC (file format)",
"has use",
"web archiving"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"WARC (file format)",
"replaces",
"Internet Archive ARC"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"WARC (file format)",
"replaces",
"ARC"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Nergal",
"replaces",
"Erra"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Nergal",
"said to be the same as",
"Melqart"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"AMS-LaTeX",
"replaces",
"AMS-TeX"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"QBZ-191",
"replaces",
"QBZ-95"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Athlon II",
"followed by",
"AMD FX"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Athlon II",
"replaces",
"Phenom"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Kosovo Protection Corps",
"replaces",
"Kosovo Liberation Army"
] |
The Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC; Albanian: Trupat e Mbrojtjes së Kosovës, TMK) was a civilian emergency services organisation in Kosovo active from 1999 to 2009.
The KPC was created on September 21, 1999, through the promulgation of UNMIK Regulation 1999/8 and the agreement of a "Statement of Principles" on the KPC's permitted role in Kosovo. In effect, it was a compromise between the disarmament of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) which was stipulated by UNSCR 1244 and rejected by the Kosovar Albanians, transforming the KLA into KPC.History
Immediately after the end of the 1999 Kosovo War and the dislocation of NATO forces in Kosovo, emerged the need for the definition of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) role in accordance with the new situation. UN Resolution 1244, approved in June 1999, included KLA demilitarization.
Therefore, the same month, KFOR Commander, General Mike Jackson, and Hashim Thaçi, as General Commander of KLA, who at the time was Prime Minister of the Provisional Government in Kosovo, signed the Agreement for the Demilitarization and Transformation of the KLA.
Upon the completion of the demilitarization process, in September 1999 the UN Special Representative Bernard Kouchner signed Regulation nr 1999/8 for the foundation of the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC), which then is followed by the Declaration of Principles, signed by the KPC Commander and the KFOR Commander.
Immediately following the approval of these acts, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) initiated the registration campaign of the KLA fighters, lasting from July 23 to November 31, 1999. According to IOM documents the total registration amounted to 25,723 members.
A number of KLA personnel joined the Kosovo Police.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement",
"different from",
"United States Border Patrol"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement",
"replaces",
"Immigration and Naturalization Service"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement",
"different from",
"U.S. Customs and Border Protection"
] |
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is a federal law enforcement agency under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. ICE's stated mission is to protect the United States from the cross-border crime and illegal immigration that threaten national security and public safety.The ICE mission is executed through the enforcement of more than 400 federal statutes and focuses on customs violations, immigration enforcement, preventing terrorism and combating the illegal movement of people and goods. ICE has two primary and distinct law enforcement components, namely, Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) and Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO); in addition to three supporting divisions: Management & Program Administration, Office of Principal Legal Advisor (OPLA) and Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR).Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO), which primarily deals with the deportation and removal of undocumented non-citizens, is among the most public and contentious function of ICE. ERO maintains the custodial facilities used to detain people that are illegally present in the United States. In interior offices, ERO officers primarily conduct targeted enforcement operations to apprehend aliens engaged in serious criminal activity. For example, in fiscal year 2020, 90% of those aliens apprehended by ERO had criminal convictions or pending charges at the time of their administrative arrest. This FY 2020 arrest statistic includes 1,800 homicide related offenses, 1,600 kidnappings, 3,800 robberies, 37,000 assaults, and 10,000 sex crimes. At border offices, ERO officers receive and detain illegal immigrants apprehended by Border Patrol. Illegal immigrants apprehended at the border have significantly lower levels of criminal history than those arrested by ERO in the interior of the United States.ICE maintains domestic offices throughout the United States and attachés at major U.S. diplomatic missions overseas. ICE personnel (special agents and officers) do not patrol American borders; rather, that role is performed by the United States Border Patrol. ERO and HSI operate as two independent law enforcement agencies and have completely separate mission statements. HSI is focused on the disruption of transnational crime, where as ERO is responsible for the apprehension, detention and removal of illegal immigrants.The Acting Director is Tae Johnson. The agency has not had a Senate-confirmed director since Sarah Saldaña stepped down on January 20, 2017.
| null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement",
"different from",
"United States Citizenship and Immigration Services"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement",
"topic's main category",
"Category:United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"District of Louisiana",
"replaces",
"Louisiana Purchase"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"District of Louisiana",
"different from",
"Louisiana"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"TUI Group",
"owner of",
"TUI Cruises"
] |
TUI Group is a German leisure, travel and tourism company. TUI is an acronym for Touristik Union International ("Tourism Union International"). TUI AG was known as Preussag AG until 1997 when the company changed its activities from mining to tourism. It is headquartered in Hanover, Germany.It fully or partially owns several travel agencies, hotel chains, cruise lines and retail shops as well as five European airlines. The group owns the largest holiday aeroplane fleet in Europe and holds multiple European tour operators. It is trading as TUI AG jointly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange as a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"TUI Group",
"replaces",
"Preussag"
] |
TUI Group is a German leisure, travel and tourism company. TUI is an acronym for Touristik Union International ("Tourism Union International"). TUI AG was known as Preussag AG until 1997 when the company changed its activities from mining to tourism. It is headquartered in Hanover, Germany.It fully or partially owns several travel agencies, hotel chains, cruise lines and retail shops as well as five European airlines. The group owns the largest holiday aeroplane fleet in Europe and holds multiple European tour operators. It is trading as TUI AG jointly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange as a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.History
The origins of the company lie in the industrial and transportation company Preussag AG, which was originally formed as a German mining company. It was incorporated on 9 October 1923, as Preußische Bergwerks- und Hütten-Aktiengesellschaft (Prussian Mine and Foundry Company). In 1927 it was merged with the Ruhr coal company, Hibernia AG, and electricity utility to become the Vereinigte Elektrizitäts und Bergwerks AG (VEBA AG) (United Electrical and Mining Company).After the sale of Salzgitter AG and purchase of Hapag-Lloyd AG (the navigation and logistics company) in 1997, Preussag AG became a global enterprise in the service and leisure industry. At that time, Hapag-Lloyd held a 30% interest in the tourism conglomerate TUI (founded 1968), increased to 100% by 1999. In addition the company acquired 25% of Thomas Cook shares in 1997, which it doubled the following year. On 2 February 1999, the Carlson Leisure Group merged with Thomas Cook into a holding company owned by the German bank Westdeutsche Landesbank, Carlson Inc and Preussag. However, in mid-2000 Preussag acquired Thomas Cook's rival Thomson Travel and was forced to sell its majority 50.1% stake in Thomas Cook by regulatory authorities. In 2002, Preussag renamed itself TUI AG.TUI announced a merger of its travel division with the British tour operator First Choice in March 2007, which was approved by the European Commission on 4 June 2007, on the condition that the merged company sell Budget Travel in Ireland. TUI held a 55% stake in the new company, TUI Travel PLC, which began operations in September 2007.In April 2008, Alexey Mordashov, who purchased his first shares in TUI Travel in autumn 2007, purchased additional TUI Travel shares under S-Group in order to expand TUI Travel into Eastern Europe and Russia.Its logistics activities, concentrated in the shipping sector, were kept separate and bundled within Hapag-Lloyd AG. A majority stake in Hapag-Lloyd was sold to the Albert Ballin consortium of investors in March 2009 and a further stake was sold to Ballin in February 2012, as TUI worked to exit from the shipping business and to optimize its tourism business with expansion in Russia, China and India under Michael Frenzel. Prior to August 2010, John Fredriksen held the largest Norwegian privately held stake in TUI Travel and had a significant influence upon TUI Travel's direction and strategy. As Alexey Mordashov through his S-Group Travel Holding increased his stake in TUI Travel to a stake larger than Fredriksen's stake, the shipping business had to be sold.In June 2014 the company announced it would fully merge with TUI Travel to create a united group with a value of $US9.7 billion. The merger was completed on 17 December 2014 and the combined business began trading on the Frankfurt and London stock exchanges. Prior to this merger, Alexey Mordashov, the largest private shareholder in TUI Travel, held a blocking stake in TUI Travel through his S-Group. After the merger, Alexey Mordashov's stake was reduced to less than a blocking stake of 25%.On 12 December 2016, Alexey Mordashov increased his stake in TUI Group from 18% to more than 20%. In October 2018, his 24.9% stake is the largest privately held stake in TUI Group. When Mordashov's stake increases to 25%, he will have a blocking stake in TUI Group at its annual meeting. In June 2019 Mordashov transferred 65% of his stake to the KN-Holding, owned by his sons Kirill Mordashov and Nikita Mordashov. TUI says in a statement that they ”welcome the second generation of the family amongst its shareholders”.In August 2020, the company reported a net loss of €2.3 billion (from October 2019 to June 2020) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Out of the sum, €1.5 billion loss related to the period from April to June 2020, while the revenue for the same period was €75 million, 98% less than the same period in 2019. TUI's chief executive officer, Fritz Joussen announced that the firm was considering selling the Marella cruise line.In March 2022, the company's largest single shareholder, Alexei Mordashov, a Russian oligarch and confidante of Vladimir Putin, was placed under sanctions due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
| null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"TUI Group",
"owner of",
"Hapag-Lloyd"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"TUI Group",
"owner of",
"TUI Travel"
] |
TUI Group is a German leisure, travel and tourism company. TUI is an acronym for Touristik Union International ("Tourism Union International"). TUI AG was known as Preussag AG until 1997 when the company changed its activities from mining to tourism. It is headquartered in Hanover, Germany.It fully or partially owns several travel agencies, hotel chains, cruise lines and retail shops as well as five European airlines. The group owns the largest holiday aeroplane fleet in Europe and holds multiple European tour operators. It is trading as TUI AG jointly listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and the London Stock Exchange as a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.
| null | null | null | null | 16 |
[
"TUI Group",
"owner of",
"TUI Nederland"
] | null | null | null | null | 20 |
|
[
"TUI Group",
"owner of",
"Hapag-Lloyd Kreuzfahrten GmbH"
] | null | null | null | null | 23 |
|
[
"TUI Group",
"owner of",
"Sunwing Travel Group"
] | null | null | null | null | 26 |
|
[
"TUI Group",
"topic's main category",
"Category:TUI Group"
] | null | null | null | null | 28 |
|
[
"DNV",
"owned by",
"Det Norske Veritas Foundation"
] |
Summary
DNV's history dates from 1864, when Det Norske Veritas was established in Norway to head technical inspection and evaluation of Norwegian merchant vessels. Germanischer Lloyd was founded in Hamburg in 1867 by a group of 600 ship owners, ship builders and insurers. The company celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2014.On December 20, 2012, the two companies announced the merger, which was approved by competition authorities in South Korea, the US, the EU and China, thus allowing the merger contract between DNV and GL to be signed on September 12, 2013. The independent Det Norske Veritas Foundation owned 63.5% of DNV GL shares and Mayfair Vermögensverwaltung 36.5% until December 2017, when Mayfair sold its shares to the Det Norske Veritas Foundation. DNV GL changed it name to DNV on March 1, 2021.Together with Bureau Veritas and American Bureau of Shipping, DNV is one of the three major companies in the classification business with 300 offices in 100 countries. The company is also a key player in strategic innovation and risk management for several other industries including renewable energy (particularly in wind and solar), oil and gas, electric power generation and distribution, petrochemicals, aviation, automotives, finance, food and beverage, healthcare, software and information technology.
| null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"DNV",
"replaces",
"Germanischer Lloyd SE"
] | null | null | null | null | 11 |
|
[
"DNV",
"owned by",
"Det Norske Veritas"
] |
Summary
DNV's history dates from 1864, when Det Norske Veritas was established in Norway to head technical inspection and evaluation of Norwegian merchant vessels. Germanischer Lloyd was founded in Hamburg in 1867 by a group of 600 ship owners, ship builders and insurers. The company celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2014.On December 20, 2012, the two companies announced the merger, which was approved by competition authorities in South Korea, the US, the EU and China, thus allowing the merger contract between DNV and GL to be signed on September 12, 2013. The independent Det Norske Veritas Foundation owned 63.5% of DNV GL shares and Mayfair Vermögensverwaltung 36.5% until December 2017, when Mayfair sold its shares to the Det Norske Veritas Foundation. DNV GL changed it name to DNV on March 1, 2021.Together with Bureau Veritas and American Bureau of Shipping, DNV is one of the three major companies in the classification business with 300 offices in 100 countries. The company is also a key player in strategic innovation and risk management for several other industries including renewable energy (particularly in wind and solar), oil and gas, electric power generation and distribution, petrochemicals, aviation, automotives, finance, food and beverage, healthcare, software and information technology.
| null | null | null | null | 12 |
[
"Bad Grund",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Bad Grund"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Bad Grund",
"replaces",
"Bad Grund"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Elbe–Lübeck Canal",
"significant event",
"construction"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Elbe–Lübeck Canal",
"replaces",
"Stecknitz Canal"
] |
The Elbe–Lübeck Canal (German pronunciation ) (also known as the Elbe–Trave Canal) is an artificial waterway in eastern Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It connects the rivers Elbe and Trave, creating an inland water route across the drainage divide from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea. The canal includes seven locks and runs for a length of 64 kilometres (40 mi) between the cities of Lübeck in the north and Lauenburg in the south by way of the Mölln lakes. The modern canal was built in the 1890s to replace the Stecknitz Canal, a medieval watercourse linking the same two rivers.History
After German unification in the late nineteenth century, there was a burst of canal-building within the new German Empire. The Stecknitz Canal had been in service for centuries, but newer vessels demanded deeper and wider canals, and modern engineering offered the possibility of rebuilding and enlarging the venerable waterway. In 1893 the German government closed the Stecknitz Canal to barge traffic, and in 1895 construction began on a widened and straightened waterway which includes some of the old canal's watercourse. The new Elbe–Lübeck Canal was inaugurated by German Emperor Wilhelm II and opened to shipping traffic in 1900. Today it continues to carry substantial freight traffic, as well as offering a scenic route for pleasure craft.
| null | null | null | null | 10 |
[
"Elbe–Lübeck Canal",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Wasser- und Schifffahrtsamt Lauenburg"
] |
The Elbe–Lübeck Canal (German pronunciation ) (also known as the Elbe–Trave Canal) is an artificial waterway in eastern Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It connects the rivers Elbe and Trave, creating an inland water route across the drainage divide from the North Sea to the Baltic Sea. The canal includes seven locks and runs for a length of 64 kilometres (40 mi) between the cities of Lübeck in the north and Lauenburg in the south by way of the Mölln lakes. The modern canal was built in the 1890s to replace the Stecknitz Canal, a medieval watercourse linking the same two rivers.
| null | null | null | null | 12 |
[
"Elbe–Lübeck Canal",
"significant event",
"opening"
] |
History
After German unification in the late nineteenth century, there was a burst of canal-building within the new German Empire. The Stecknitz Canal had been in service for centuries, but newer vessels demanded deeper and wider canals, and modern engineering offered the possibility of rebuilding and enlarging the venerable waterway. In 1893 the German government closed the Stecknitz Canal to barge traffic, and in 1895 construction began on a widened and straightened waterway which includes some of the old canal's watercourse. The new Elbe–Lübeck Canal was inaugurated by German Emperor Wilhelm II and opened to shipping traffic in 1900. Today it continues to carry substantial freight traffic, as well as offering a scenic route for pleasure craft.
| null | null | null | null | 15 |
[
"Oslo University Hospital",
"replaces",
"Ullevål University Hospital"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Oslo University Hospital",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Oslo University Hospital"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Oslo University Hospital",
"replaces",
"Aker University Hospital"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Oslo University Hospital",
"replaces",
"Rikshospitalet–Radiumhospitalet"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"EH Bildu",
"replaces",
"Amaiur"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"EH Bildu",
"replaces",
"Bildu"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"EH Bildu",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Euskal Herria Bildu"
] |
EH Bildu, short for Euskal Herria Bildu (English: Basque Country Gather or Basque Country Unite) is a left-wing, Basque nationalist, pro-independence political coalition active in the Spanish autonomous communities of Basque Country, Navarre and Burgos Province.
EHB's predecessor Bildu ("Gather") was launched on 3 April 2011 to participate in the May 2011 local elections It was formed as a reaction to the Supreme Court of Spain's ruling in March 2011 that barred the new left-wing Basque nationalist (Abertzale left) Sortu party from electoral participation. Bildu was an alliance of the centre-left Eusko Alkartasuna, left-wing Alternatiba and independents of the left-wing nationalist spectrum, many of whom former members or supporters of the outlawed Batasuna party.
EHB was launched on 10 June 2012 in San Sebastián by five founding components: Eusko Alkartasuna, Aralar, Alternatiba, Sortu, and independents of the Abertzale left (groups and independent individuals from the Basque leftist-nationalist milieu, many of whom had been members of Batasuna), all of whom had been previously members of the Amaiur coalition. On 3 July 2012 Laura Mintegi was chosen as candidate for Lehendakari in the 2012 Basque parliamentary election. Mintegi, a professor at the University of the Basque Country, formerly stood as a candidate for Herri Batasuna.
| null | null | null | null | 13 |
[
"Ukraine at the Olympics",
"participant of",
"Olympic Games"
] |
Ukraine first participated at the Olympic Games as an independent nation in 1994, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games and Winter Olympic Games since then. The first athlete who won the gold medal for the yellow-blues was Oksana Baiul.
Previously, athletes of modern Ukraine mostly competed as part of the Russian Empire (1900–1912) and the Soviet Union from 1952 to 1988, and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian athletes were part of the Unified Team in 1992. Tatiana Gutsu became the best athlete of the Unified Team in 1992 from independent Ukraine.
Independently, Ukraine has won a total of 120 medals at the Summer Games and 8 at the Winter Games, with gymnastics at summer and biathlon at winter as the nation's top medal-producing sports.
The National Olympic Committee of Ukraine was created in 1990 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.
Ukraine has won a total of 148 medals since it regained independence, with 38 of them gold, the second most amongst all post-Soviet states behind Russia.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Ukraine at the Olympics",
"replaces",
"Soviet Union at the Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Ukraine at the Olympics",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Ukraine at the Olympics"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Special Operations Group (Sweden)",
"replaces",
"Special Protection Group"
] |
History
Särskilda operationsgruppen was formed in 2011 by merging the Special Protection Group (SSG) and the Special Reconnaissance Group (SIG). Its first commander from 2011 to 2015 was colonel Peter Hederstedt.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Special Operations Group (Sweden)",
"replaces",
"Special Reconnaissance Group"
] |
History
Särskilda operationsgruppen was formed in 2011 by merging the Special Protection Group (SSG) and the Special Reconnaissance Group (SIG). Its first commander from 2011 to 2015 was colonel Peter Hederstedt.
| null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"China Air Task Force",
"replaces",
"Flying Tigers"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Flag of Transvaal",
"replaces",
"flag of Transvaal"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Flag of Transvaal",
"different from",
"flag of Transvaal"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Flag of Transvaal",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Transvaal Colony"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Japan Railways Group",
"replaces",
"Japanese National Railways"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Japan Railways Group",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Japan Railway companies"
] | null | null | null | null | 26 |
|
[
"Club Penguin Island",
"replaces",
"Club Penguin"
] | null | null | null | null | 18 |
|
[
"Casablanca-Settat",
"replaces",
"Chaouia-Ouardigha"
] | null | null | null | null | 9 |
|
[
"Casablanca-Settat",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Casablanca-Settat"
] | null | null | null | null | 24 |
|
[
"Orthodox Church of Ukraine",
"applies to jurisdiction",
"Ukraine"
] |
The Orthodox Church of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Православна церква України, romanized: Pravoslavna tserkva Ukrainy; OCU), also called Ukrainian Orthodox Church, is an Eastern Orthodox church in Ukraine.The church was established under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople by a unification council that convened in Kyiv on 15 December 2018. The Ecumenical Patriarch — Bartholomew I — granted a tomos of autocephaly (decree of ecclesial independence) to the Church on 5 January 2019. The unification council united two Ukrainian Orthodox major jurisdictions: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP) and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC). Two bishops formerly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) also joined. The unification council elected the Metropolitan of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi and Bila Tserkva — Epiphanius Dumenko — as its primate and as Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine.
It was also agreed by the council that those "Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian provenance in the Orthodox diaspora" should be subject to the jurisdiction of the diocesan bishops of the Ecumenical Patriarchate (per (Article 4 of the Statute). This provision is also enshrined in the OCU's tomos of autocephaly. In March 2019, Metropolitan Epiphanius said that the transfer of parishes of the dissolved Kyiv Patriarchate to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate had already begun. The establishment of the OCU and its recognition by other autocephalic Orthodox Churches has been opposed by the Russian Orthodox Church as well as by the Government of Russia.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Orthodox Church of Ukraine",
"separated from",
"Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Orthodox Church of Ukraine",
"replaces",
"Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Orthodox Church of Ukraine",
"replaces",
"Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church"
] |
The Orthodox Church of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Православна церква України, romanized: Pravoslavna tserkva Ukrainy; OCU), also called Ukrainian Orthodox Church, is an Eastern Orthodox church in Ukraine.The church was established under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople by a unification council that convened in Kyiv on 15 December 2018. The Ecumenical Patriarch — Bartholomew I — granted a tomos of autocephaly (decree of ecclesial independence) to the Church on 5 January 2019. The unification council united two Ukrainian Orthodox major jurisdictions: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP) and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC). Two bishops formerly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) also joined. The unification council elected the Metropolitan of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi and Bila Tserkva — Epiphanius Dumenko — as its primate and as Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine.
It was also agreed by the council that those "Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian provenance in the Orthodox diaspora" should be subject to the jurisdiction of the diocesan bishops of the Ecumenical Patriarchate (per (Article 4 of the Statute). This provision is also enshrined in the OCU's tomos of autocephaly. In March 2019, Metropolitan Epiphanius said that the transfer of parishes of the dissolved Kyiv Patriarchate to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate had already begun. The establishment of the OCU and its recognition by other autocephalic Orthodox Churches has been opposed by the Russian Orthodox Church as well as by the Government of Russia.
| null | null | null | null | 11 |
[
"Orthodox Church of Ukraine",
"significant event",
"Granting of autocephaly to the Orthodox Church of Ukraine"
] |
Proclaiming of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
In the wake of the breakup of the Russian Empire, the Ukrainian Orthodox Christians again sought autonomy or autocephaly from Moscow. The independent, autocephalous Ukrainian Orthodox Church was proclaimed by the Directorate of Ukraine led by Symon Petliura in 1919.
The Law on the Supreme Government of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church stipulated that the Supreme Church Authority in Ukraine would lose all dependence on the Russian Patriarch and move to the All-Ukrainian Church Council.In 1921 an All-Ukrainian Synod was called in Kyiv, and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church was declared independent from the Moscow Patriarchate. The Sobor delegates chose Metropolitan Vasyl Lypkivsky as head of the church. In this form, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church existed until 1936 when, due to Soviet pressure, it was liquidated, with some of its members emigrating to the United States.
For a short period of time, the UAOC was restored during occupation of Ukraine by Nazi Germany in 1942. This period lasted till the return of the Red Army in 1944, after that the UAOC was again liquidated for a second time and remained structured only in the Ukrainian diaspora.
In 1990, the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church was reinstated in Ukraine, and the former Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada metropolitan Mstyslav (Skrypnyk) was enthroned as a patriarch. Since 2000, the church primate has been the Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine.The January 6th announcement of autocephaly for an independent Orthodox Church of Ukraine marks a historic achievement as Ukraine seeks to chart its own future. On this momentous occasion, the United States reiterates its unwavering support for a sovereign, independent Ukraine.
The United States maintains its strong support for religious freedom, including the freedom for members of religious groups to govern their religion according to their beliefs, without external interference. We welcome remarks by Metropolitan Epiphaniy that the Orthodox Church of Ukraine is open to all Orthodox believers and encourage government and Church officials to promote tolerance and respect for the freedom of members of all religious affiliations to worship as they choose.
| null | null | null | null | 17 |
[
"Orthodox Church of Ukraine",
"founded by",
"Unification council of the Eastern Orthodox churches of Ukraine"
] |
The Orthodox Church of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Православна церква України, romanized: Pravoslavna tserkva Ukrainy; OCU), also called Ukrainian Orthodox Church, is an Eastern Orthodox church in Ukraine.The church was established under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople by a unification council that convened in Kyiv on 15 December 2018. The Ecumenical Patriarch — Bartholomew I — granted a tomos of autocephaly (decree of ecclesial independence) to the Church on 5 January 2019. The unification council united two Ukrainian Orthodox major jurisdictions: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP) and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC). Two bishops formerly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) also joined. The unification council elected the Metropolitan of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi and Bila Tserkva — Epiphanius Dumenko — as its primate and as Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine.
It was also agreed by the council that those "Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian provenance in the Orthodox diaspora" should be subject to the jurisdiction of the diocesan bishops of the Ecumenical Patriarchate (per (Article 4 of the Statute). This provision is also enshrined in the OCU's tomos of autocephaly. In March 2019, Metropolitan Epiphanius said that the transfer of parishes of the dissolved Kyiv Patriarchate to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate had already begun. The establishment of the OCU and its recognition by other autocephalic Orthodox Churches has been opposed by the Russian Orthodox Church as well as by the Government of Russia.
| null | null | null | null | 18 |
[
"Orthodox Church of Ukraine",
"significant event",
"Unification council of the Eastern Orthodox churches of Ukraine"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Orthodox Church of Ukraine",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Orthodox Church of Ukraine"
] |
The Orthodox Church of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Православна церква України, romanized: Pravoslavna tserkva Ukrainy; OCU), also called Ukrainian Orthodox Church, is an Eastern Orthodox church in Ukraine.The church was established under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople by a unification council that convened in Kyiv on 15 December 2018. The Ecumenical Patriarch — Bartholomew I — granted a tomos of autocephaly (decree of ecclesial independence) to the Church on 5 January 2019. The unification council united two Ukrainian Orthodox major jurisdictions: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP) and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC). Two bishops formerly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) also joined. The unification council elected the Metropolitan of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi and Bila Tserkva — Epiphanius Dumenko — as its primate and as Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine.
It was also agreed by the council that those "Orthodox Christians of Ukrainian provenance in the Orthodox diaspora" should be subject to the jurisdiction of the diocesan bishops of the Ecumenical Patriarchate (per (Article 4 of the Statute). This provision is also enshrined in the OCU's tomos of autocephaly. In March 2019, Metropolitan Epiphanius said that the transfer of parishes of the dissolved Kyiv Patriarchate to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate had already begun. The establishment of the OCU and its recognition by other autocephalic Orthodox Churches has been opposed by the Russian Orthodox Church as well as by the Government of Russia.
| null | null | null | null | 20 |
[
"Orthodox Church of Ukraine",
"significant event",
"Conflict between Filaret and Epiphanius"
] | null | null | null | null | 21 |
|
[
"DVB-T2",
"replaces",
"DVB-T"
] |
Croatia
On 13 October 2011, the Croatian Post and Electronic Communications Agency granted license for MUX C and MUX E, both in DVB-T2 standard.
Also in October 2011, OiV – Transmitters & Communications started testing on UHF channel 53 from Sljeme.Two DVB-T2 multiplexes launched in late 2012 by pay TV platform EVO TV.
In addition to that in September 2019 DVB-T2 was launched for free-to-air television, using the HEVC/H.265 codec and 720p or 1080p resolution. As of Winter 2020, legacy DVB-T broadcasts have ceased. In that time, EVOtv has issued brand new TV set-top boxes with the HEVC/H.265 DVB-T2 codec.Czech Republic
DVB-T2 was launched in March 2017, using video format HEVC/H.265. DVB-T was switched off in October 2020. In 2020, there was tested Nasa TV in 4K resolution to show that the DVB T2 system is capable of 4K and the devices can decode it.Finland
Finland, the first country in Europe to cease analog terrestrial TV and move to DVB-T, has announced that DVB-T2 will be used exclusively from end March 2020, but currently there is no set date for transition. Many FTA channels are dual broadcast in SD via DVB-T and in HD using DVB-T2. All pay-TV channels moved to DVB-T2 in 2017. The DVB-T2 switchover will allow more channels to move to HD as well as releasing bandwidth for new SD channels over DVB-T2.
| null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Thabo Mofutsanyana District Municipality",
"replaces",
"Motheo District Municipality"
] | null | null | null | null | 6 |
|
[
"Xhariep District Municipality",
"replaces",
"Motheo District Municipality"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Delaware Colony",
"topic's main category",
"Category:People of colonial Delaware"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Delaware Colony",
"replaces",
"New Amstel"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
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