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[ "Territory of Alaska", "topic's main category", "Category:Territory of Alaska" ]
The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the Department of Alaska, 1867–1884; and the District of Alaska, 1884–1912.
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[ "Czech Extraliga", "replaces", "Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League" ]
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[ "Czech Extraliga", "topic's main category", "Category:Czech Extraliga" ]
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[ "Baseball Rubbing Mud", "replaces", "liquid" ]
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[ "Baseball Rubbing Mud", "used by", "Minor League Baseball" ]
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[ "Baseball Rubbing Mud", "replaces", "soil" ]
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[ "Baseball Rubbing Mud", "replaces", "shoe polish" ]
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[ "Baseball Rubbing Mud", "used by", "Major League Baseball" ]
Usage Before all MLB and MiLB games, an umpire or clubhouse attendant rubs six dozen or more balls with the mud to give them a rougher surface, to make them easier for pitchers to grip, and to comply with MLB Rule 4.01(c), which states that all baseballs shall be "properly rubbed so that the gloss is removed." The rubbing mud's unique feature is that it is "very fine, like thick chocolate pudding", and it has been considered the "perfect baseball-rubbing mud".
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[ "Baseball Rubbing Mud", "used by", "baseball umpire" ]
Usage Before all MLB and MiLB games, an umpire or clubhouse attendant rubs six dozen or more balls with the mud to give them a rougher surface, to make them easier for pitchers to grip, and to comply with MLB Rule 4.01(c), which states that all baseballs shall be "properly rubbed so that the gloss is removed." The rubbing mud's unique feature is that it is "very fine, like thick chocolate pudding", and it has been considered the "perfect baseball-rubbing mud".
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[ "Baseball Rubbing Mud", "has use", "surface finishing" ]
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[ "Baseball Rubbing Mud", "used by", "attendant" ]
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[ "Baseball Rubbing Mud", "contributing factor of", "control" ]
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[ "Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea", "replaces", "Democratic National Front" ]
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[ "Northern Circars", "replaces", "Mughal Empire" ]
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[ "Second Continental Congress", "follows", "First Continental Congress" ]
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[ "Second Continental Congress", "replaces", "First Continental Congress" ]
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[ "Second Continental Congress", "topic's main category", "Category:Continental Congress" ]
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[ "Second Continental Congress", "followed by", "Congress of the Confederation" ]
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[ "Electric vehicle", "replaces", "natural gas vehicle" ]
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[ "Electric vehicle", "topic's main category", "Category:Electric vehicles" ]
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[ "Electric vehicle", "replaces", "diesel vehicle" ]
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[ "6th Airborne Brigade (Poland)", "replaces", "1st Independent Parachute Brigade" ]
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[ "6th Airborne Brigade (Poland)", "replaces", "6th Infantry Division" ]
History The 6th Airborne Brigade derives its traditions from the 1st Independent Parachute Brigade, whose commander was Brigadier General Stanisław Sosabowski, today the patron of the unit. The unit's direct lineage stems from the 6th Infantry Division (of the Polish People's Republic post Second World War) which was reformed in 1957 into the 6th Pomeranian Airborne Division, which in turn was reformed in 1986 into the 6th Pomeranian Airborne Brigade.
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[ "Blue Legion", "replaces", "250th Infantry Division" ]
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[ "Blue Legion", "followed by", "Spanish Volunteer Company of the SS 101" ]
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[ "Blue Legion", "followed by", "Spanish Volunteer Company of the SS 102" ]
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[ "Blue Legion", "participant of", "Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive" ]
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[ "The Day We Fight Back", "replaces", "protests against SOPA and PIPA" ]
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[ "ABX Air", "replaces", "Airborne Express" ]
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[ "Garden Route National Park", "replaces", "Tsitsikamma National Park" ]
The Garden Route National Park is a national park in the Garden Route region of the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces in South Africa. It is a coastal reserve well known for its indigenous forests, dramatic coastline, and the Otter Trail. It was established on 6 March 2009 by amalgamating the existing Tsitsikamma and Wilderness National Parks, the Knysna National Lake Area, and various other areas of state-owned land.The park covers about 1,210 km2 (470 sq mi) of land; of this, about 685 km2 (264 sq mi) was already part of the predecessor national parks. The park includes a continuous complex of approximately 605 km2 (234 sq mi) of indigenous forest.The Garden Route National Park (Tsitsikamma, Knysna and Wilderness Sections) has a pleasant, temperate climate; it is unique in Africa as the only area in which rainfall occurs throughout the year.
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[ "Garden Route National Park", "replaces", "Wilderness National Park" ]
The Garden Route National Park is a national park in the Garden Route region of the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces in South Africa. It is a coastal reserve well known for its indigenous forests, dramatic coastline, and the Otter Trail. It was established on 6 March 2009 by amalgamating the existing Tsitsikamma and Wilderness National Parks, the Knysna National Lake Area, and various other areas of state-owned land.The park covers about 1,210 km2 (470 sq mi) of land; of this, about 685 km2 (264 sq mi) was already part of the predecessor national parks. The park includes a continuous complex of approximately 605 km2 (234 sq mi) of indigenous forest.The Garden Route National Park (Tsitsikamma, Knysna and Wilderness Sections) has a pleasant, temperate climate; it is unique in Africa as the only area in which rainfall occurs throughout the year.
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[ "Yogyakarta Sultanate", "topic's main category", "Category:Yogyakarta Sultanate" ]
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[ "Yogyakarta Sultanate", "replaces", "Mataram Sultanate" ]
History After Sultan Agung, the Sultanate of Mataram went into a decline due to a power struggle within the sultanate itself. To make things worse, the Dutch East India Company exploited the power struggle to increase its control. At the peak of the conflict, the Mataram Sultanate was split into two based on the Treaty of Giyanti of 13 February 1755: Yogyakarta Sultanate and Surakarta Sunanate.The Giyanti Treaty mentioned Pangeran Mangkubumi as Sultan of Yogyakarta with the title of
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[ "Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)", "replaces", "Duchy of Savoy" ]
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[ "Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)", "replaces", "Kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica" ]
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[ "House Atreides", "replaces", "House Corrino" ]
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[ "House Atreides", "different from", "Dune: House Atreides" ]
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[ "House Atreides", "different from", "Atreides" ]
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[ "BBC Board", "replaces", "BBC Trust" ]
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[ "Arizona Department", "replaces", "Sonora" ]
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[ "Ryukyu Kingdom", "replaces", "Chūzan" ]
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[ "Ryukyu Kingdom", "replaces", "Nanzan" ]
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[ "Ryukyu Kingdom", "replaces", "Hokuzan" ]
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[ "Ryukyu Kingdom", "replaces", "Sanzan period" ]
The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 to 1879. It was ruled as a tributary state of imperial Ming China by the Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island to end the Sanzan period, and extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands and Sakishima Islands. The Ryukyu Kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East Asia and Southeast Asia despite its small size. The Ryukyu Kingdom became a vassal state of the Satsuma Domain of Japan after the invasion of Ryukyu in 1609 but retained de jure independence until it was transformed into the Ryukyu Domain by the Empire of Japan in 1872. The Ryukyu Kingdom was formally annexed and dissolved by Japan in 1879 to form Okinawa Prefecture, and the Ryukyuan monarchy was integrated into the new Japanese nobility.
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[ "Ryukyu Kingdom", "significant event", "Mudan Incident of 1871" ]
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[ "Ryukyu Kingdom", "followed by", "Okinawa Prefecture" ]
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[ "Ryukyu Kingdom", "significant event", "invasion of Ryukyu" ]
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[ "Ryukyu Kingdom", "different from", "Liuqiu" ]
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[ "Ryukyu Kingdom", "topic's main category", "Category:Ryukyu Kingdom" ]
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[ "Stormtrooper (Star Wars)", "replaces", "clone trooper" ]
Description According to Star Wars lore, Imperial stormtroopers are men and women who have been recruited (or conscripted) at a young age to serve as expendable foot soldiers of the Empire, gradually replacing clone troopers as their accelerated aging forces them to retire. These recruits are trained at Imperial Academies spread out across the galaxy where they undergo intense conditioning that instills fierce loyalty, strict discipline and ruthless efficiency while removing any sense of individualism or empathy. As the backbone of the Imperial Army, stormtroopers are dreaded for their brutality, carrying out atrocities in the name of Emperor Palpatine, and their fanaticism, engaging the enemy with no regard to casualties. Inevitably, some use their position for personal gain against a civilian population too terrified to resist. However, inconsistencies in academy standards led to stormtroopers of varying combat skill and ability compared to the superior clone troopers, which, among other things, can be seen in the stormtroopers' mainly variable, sometimes even weak, ability to hit the target in firefights. After subduing any remaining Separatist holdouts left over from the Clone Wars, stormtroopers primarily serve as an internal security and peacekeeping force until the Galactic Civil War where they start to engage the Rebel Alliance in large-scale battles.Unable to conscript millions of soldiers to fill its stormtrooper ranks, yet unwilling to switch back to using rapidly produced clone troopers, First Order stormtroopers are bred, trained and indoctrinated from birth, raised their entire lives for no other purpose. First Order soldiers and crews have constantly trained for combat in war games and simulations, making them much more effective one-on-one than the endless waves of stormtrooper conscripts fielded by the Galactic Empire. First Order stormtroopers are regularly put through mental indoctrination and propaganda programs, to make sure that they remain fanatically loyal and never hesitate or question orders. Being taken from their families at birth, these soldiers are not even given individual names for themselves but merely serial numbers, such as "FN-2187".
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[ "Stormtrooper (Star Wars)", "topic's main category", "Category:Stormtroopers" ]
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[ "Southern French Gothic", "replaces", "Romanesque architecture" ]
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[ "Southern French Gothic", "influenced by", "Catharism" ]
Geographical area Southern French Gothic, as its name suggests, is found in the southern part of France, mainly in the regions where Catharism had developed, and which were subjected to religious and military repression from the North. The reconquest by the Catholic hierarchy gave rise to the construction or reconstruction of many religious buildings, but also of secular ones. The regions concerned are therefore the current départements of the Haute-Garonne (Toulouse), the Tarn (Albi), the Tarn-et-Garonne (Montauban), the Ariège, the Gers, the Aude, the Pyrénées-Orientales, the Hérault, with instances in neighboring départements as well.
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[ "Manchuria under Qing rule", "replaces", "Ming dynasty" ]
Manchuria under Qing rule was the rule of the Qing dynasty (and its predecessor the Later Jin dynasty) over Manchuria, including today's Manchuria/Northeast China and Russian Manchuria. The Qing dynasty itself was established by the Manchus, a Tungusic people from Manchuria, who later replaced the Ming dynasty as the ruling dynasty of China. Thus, Manchuria is often seen to have had a special status during the Qing and was not governed as regular provinces until the late Qing dynasty.
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[ "Maona of Chios and Phocaea", "replaces", "Byzantine Empire" ]
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[ "March of Istria", "replaces", "Byzantine Empire" ]
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[ "March of Istria", "significant event", "Placitum of Riziano" ]
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[ "March of Istria", "topic's main category", "Category:Margraves of Istria" ]
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[ "COSCO Shipping", "replaces", "China Ocean Shipping Co., Ltd." ]
History In January 2016, the Chinese State Council approved the merger of COSCO and China Shipping, forming COSCO Shipping. The merger – which occurred during a downturn in the marine transportation industry – sought to achieve economies of scale. The merger was also part of a Chinese government strategy to restructure its state-owned shipping sector.Shortly after, the subsidiary COSCO Shipping Holdings partnered with Shanghai International Port Group to acquire the majority stake of Orient Overseas (International) from Tung Chee-hwa-Chee-chen families. The deal was completed in August 2018. Orient Overseas (International) is the parent company of OOCL. This will make it one of the world's largest container shipping company with a fleet of over 400 vessels.In April 2016 the company agreed to buy 51% of Piraeus Port Authority, which is listed on the Athens Stock Exchange (Athex: PPA) and is a constituent of the FTSE/Athex Large Cap index. Its subsidiary Piraeus Container Terminal (PCT) has been operating two Piers at Piraeus Port since 2009.In January 2017, the company was awarded $26.1 billion by the China Development Bank to participate in the Belt and Road Initiative. The funding would run through 2021. COSCO has used the finances to invest in its ports and infrastructure projects. In May 2017, the company signed a deal with Kazakhstan's national railway company to take 24% stake in an inland port in the Khorgos Eastern Gate Special Economic Zone. In December 2018, COSCO Shipping Ports secured a 35-year concession to operate and develop a newly built container terminal in Khalifa Port. In November 2019, the company invested $660 million to upgrade the Piraeus container port, Greece's largest port.On May 11, 2020, COSCO Shipping Ports, Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle, and China Mobile successfully transported a shipping container within Xiamen Ocean Gate Terminal using an AGV guided by 5G. The achievement demonstrated an application of 5G technology in developing a "smart port". At the event, the three companies announced a roadmap for large-scale implementation of 5G technology in ports.On September 25, 2019, the US Treasury Department sanctioned the tanker subsidiary of COSCO Shipping, COSCO Shipping Tanker (Dalian) Seaman & Ship Management, as well as COSCO Shipping Tanker (Dalian), for breaching the United States sanctions against Iran. However, the parent company of the aforementioned companies were not sanctioned. The US lifted the sanctions against COSCO Shipping in January 2020.In July, 2020, the company entered into an agreement with Alibaba and its affiliate Ant Group, to jointly promote the cooperation on and application of shipping blockchain.COSCO Shipping and its predecessor COSCO, has a Hong Kong division, COSCO Shipping (Hong Kong) Limited, a private company formerly known as Cosco (Hong Kong) Group Limited. This acquired listed company COSCO Shipping International (at that time, Shun Shing Holdings) as a vehicle of backdoor listing in 1997 and bought the real estate businesses, such as Shun Shing Construction and an office building, from COSCO Shipping International in the 2000s. Cosco (HK) Group itself also purchased a 20% stake in Lai Sun Hotels in 1997. However, after the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Lai Sun Development, the parent company of Lai Sun Hotels, scrapped the IPO of Lai Sun Hotels and sold all the assets of Lai Sun Hotels instead. The company was a shareholder in the Chinese real estate developer, Sino-Ocean Group. The stake was sold in 2010. It was reported that the SASAC of the State Council has ordered Government owned companies to sell real estate development unit if it is not their main businesses.
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[ "COSCO Shipping", "different from", "Costco" ]
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[ "COSCO Shipping", "different from", "Cosco Shipping Holdings Co., Ltd." ]
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[ "COSCO Shipping", "replaces", "China Shipping Group" ]
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[ "The Kardashians", "replaces", "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" ]
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[ "Duchy of Kldekari", "replaces", "Kingdom of the Iberians" ]
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[ "Mayabeque Province", "follows", "Havana Province" ]
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[ "Mayabeque Province", "replaces", "Havana Province" ]
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[ "Mayabeque Province", "topic's main category", "Category:Mayabeque Province" ]
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[ "Artemisa Province", "follows", "Havana Province" ]
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[ "Artemisa Province", "replaces", "Havana Province" ]
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[ "Artemisa Province", "topic's main category", "Category:Artemisa Province" ]
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[ "Cray Y-MP", "replaces", "Cray X-MP" ]
The Cray Y-MP was a supercomputer sold by Cray Research from 1988, and the successor to the company's X-MP. The Y-MP retained software compatibility with the X-MP, but extended the address registers from 24 to 32 bits. High-density VLSI ECL technology was used and a new liquid-cooling system was devised. The Y-MP ran the Cray UNICOS operating system. The Y-MP could be equipped with two, four or eight vector processors, with two functional units each and a clock cycle time of 6 ns (167 MHz). Peak performance was thus 333 megaflops per processor. Main memory comprised 128, 256 or 512 MB of SRAM.
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[ "Intel QuickPath Interconnect", "replaces", "front-side bus" ]
The Intel QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) is a point-to-point processor interconnect developed by Intel which replaced the front-side bus (FSB) in Xeon, Itanium, and certain desktop platforms starting in 2008. It increased the scalability and available bandwidth. Prior to the name's announcement, Intel referred to it as Common System Interface (CSI). Earlier incarnations were known as Yet Another Protocol (YAP) and YAP+. QPI 1.1 is a significantly revamped version introduced with Sandy Bridge-EP (Romley platform).QPI was replaced by Intel Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) in Skylake-SP Xeon processors based on LGA 3647 socket.Background Although sometimes called a "bus", QPI is a point-to-point interconnect. It was designed to compete with HyperTransport that had been used by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) since around 2003. Intel developed QPI at its Massachusetts Microprocessor Design Center (MMDC) by members of what had been the Alpha Development Group, which Intel had acquired from Compaq and HP and in turn originally came from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Its development had been reported as early as 2004.Intel first delivered it for desktop processors in November 2008 on the Intel Core i7-9xx and X58 chipset. It was released in Xeon processors code-named Nehalem in March 2009 and Itanium processors in February 2010 (code named Tukwila).It was supplanted by the Intel Ultra Path Interconnect starting in 2017 on the Xeon Skylake-SP platforms.
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[ "Kalmar County", "replaces", "Öland County" ]
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[ "Kalmar County", "different from", "Kalmar" ]
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[ "Kalmar County", "topic's main category", "Category:Kalmar County" ]
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[ "Calligra", "replaces", "KOffice" ]
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[ "Calligra", "has use", "graphic art software" ]
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[ "Calligra", "based on", "KOffice" ]
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[ "Calligra", "topic's main category", "Category:Calligra Suite" ]
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[ "Vice TV", "replaces", "H2" ]
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[ "Accelerated Graphics Port", "follows", "Peripheral Component Interconnect" ]
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[ "Accelerated Graphics Port", "replaces", "Peripheral Component Interconnect" ]
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[ "Accelerated Graphics Port", "followed by", "PCI Express" ]
Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a parallel expansion card standard, designed for attaching a video card to a computer system to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. It was originally designed as a successor to PCI-type connections for video cards. Since 2004, AGP was progressively phased out in favor of PCI Express (PCIe), which is serial, as opposed to parallel; by mid-2008, PCI Express cards dominated the market and only a few AGP models were available, with GPU manufacturers and add-in board partners eventually dropping support for the interface in favor of PCI Express.
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[ "Accelerated Graphics Port", "replaces", "Industry Standard Architecture" ]
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[ "Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)", "replaces", "Socialist Republic of Serbia" ]
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[ "La Monnaie", "significant event", "conflagration" ]
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[ "La Monnaie", "replaces", "Opéra du Quai au Foin" ]
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[ "La Monnaie", "topic's main category", "Category:La Monnaie" ]
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[ "La Monnaie", "owned by", "Buildings Agency" ]
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[ "Radio France", "owned by", "France" ]
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[ "Radio France", "replaces", "Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française" ]
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[ "Radio France", "topic's main category", "Category:Radio France" ]
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[ "Radio France", "participant of", "The Daphne Project" ]
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[ "Portuguese Angola", "replaces", "Kingdom of Kakongo" ]
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[ "Portuguese Angola", "topic's main category", "Category:Portuguese Angola" ]
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[ "Portuguese Angola", "replaces", "Mbunda Kingdom" ]
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[ "Adobe Dreamweaver", "replaces", "Adobe GoLive" ]
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[ "Cluster II (spacecraft)", "replaces", "Cluster" ]
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[ "Kingdom of the Suebi", "separated from", "Western Roman Empire" ]
The Kingdom of the Suebi (Latin: Regnum Suevorum), also called the Kingdom of Galicia (Latin: Regnum Galicia) or Suebi Kingdom of Galicia (Latin: Galicia suevorum regnum), was a Germanic post-Roman kingdom that was one of the first to separate from the Roman Empire. Based in the former Roman provinces of Gallaecia and northern Lusitania, the de facto kingdom was established by the Suebi about 409, and during the 6th century it became a formally declared kingdom identifying with Gallaecia. It maintained its independence until 585, when it was annexed by the Visigoths, and was turned into the sixth province of the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania.
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[ "Kingdom of the Suebi", "topic's main category", "Category:Kingdom of the Suebi" ]
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