ProfessorBob/relation_extraction · Datasets at Hugging Face

triplets list	passage stringlengths 0 32.9k	label stringlengths 4 48 ⌀	label_id int64 0 1k ⌀	synonyms list	__index_level_1__ int64 312 64.1k ⌀	__index_level_0__ int64 0 2.4k ⌀
[ "Stockholm Palace", "has use", "official residence" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Stockholm Palace", "owned by", "National Property Board of Sweden" ]		null	null	null	null	15
[ "Stockholm Palace", "topic's main category", "Category:Royal Palace, Stockholm" ]		null	null	null	null	20
[ "Stockholm Palace", "has use", "royal palace" ]		null	null	null	null	22
[ "Stockholm Palace", "located on terrain feature", "Stadsholmen" ]		null	null	null	null	23
[ "Valencian Community", "different from", "Comunidad Valenciana" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Valencian Community", "owner of", "Valencian Library" ]		null	null	null	null	12
[ "Valencian Community", "replaces", "Kingdom of Valencia" ]		null	null	null	null	29
[ "Valencian Community", "topic's main category", "Category:Valencian Community" ]		null	null	null	null	37
[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "follows", "Holy Roman Empire" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "replaces", "German Confederation" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "replaces", "Electorate of Baden" ]		null	null	null	null	15
[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "located on terrain feature", "Baden" ]		null	null	null	null	20
[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "topic's main category", "Category:Grand Duchy of Baden" ]		null	null	null	null	26
[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "replaces", "Principality of Krautheim" ]		null	null	null	null	28
[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "different from", "Badenia" ]		null	null	null	null	31
[ "Hatay Province", "replaces", "Hatay State" ]	Hatay State Hatay State (Turkish: Hatay Devleti, French: État du Hatay, Arabic: دولة خطاي transl. Dawlat Khaṭāy), also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that existed from September 7, 1938, to June 29, 1939, in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria. The state was transformed de jure into the Hatay Province of Turkey on July 7, 1939, de facto joining the country on July 23, 1939.	null	null	null	null	6
[ "Hatay Province", "topic's main category", "Category:Hatay Province" ]		null	null	null	null	29
[ "Barnstaple Castle", "replaces", "cemetery" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Barnstaple Castle", "significant event", "archaeological excavation" ]	Later history and investigations The castle site was excavated in 1927 and 1975. The 1975 excavation revealed the presence of one hundred and five graves at the location. The excavation report, published in 1986, shows that the artefacts recovered at the location showed that the graves were most probably of Christians. Now only the tree covered motte remains.Since 1950, the castle has been designated a scheduled monument, which is intended to protect important archaeological sites.	null	null	null	null	7
[ "Barnstaple Castle", "owned by", "Juhel de Totnes" ]		null	null	null	null	12
[ "Uzbek language", "replaces", "Chagatai" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Uzbek language", "topic's main category", "Category:Uzbek language" ]		null	null	null	null	21
[ "North Aral Sea", "replaces", "Aral Sea" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "North Aral Sea", "topic's main category", "Category:North Aral Sea" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Chemistry", "said to be the same as", "general chemistry" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Chemistry", "replaces", "alchemy" ]	History The history of chemistry spans a period from very old times to the present. Since several millennia BC, civilizations were using technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Examples include extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze. Chemistry was preceded by its protoscience, alchemy, which operated a non-scientific approach to understanding the constituents of matter and their interactions. Despite being unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry by performing experiments and recording the results. Robert Boyle, although skeptical of elements and convinced of alchemy, played a key part in elevating the "sacred art" as an independent, fundamental and philosophical discipline in his work The Sceptical Chymist (1661).While both alchemy and chemistry are concerned with matter and its transformations, the crucial difference was given by the scientific method that chemists employed in their work. Chemistry, as a body of knowledge distinct from alchemy, became an established science with the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who developed a law of conservation of mass that demanded careful measurement and quantitative observations of chemical phenomena. The history of chemistry afterwards is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard Gibbs.	null	null	null	null	5
[ "Chemistry", "different from", "Chemia" ]		null	null	null	null	31
[ "Chemistry", "topic's main category", "Category:Chemistry" ]		null	null	null	null	42
[ "Ministry of Public Security (Poland)", "replaces", "Polish Committee of National Liberation" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Ministry of Public Security (Poland)", "different from", "Ministry of Public Security" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Ministry of Public Security (Poland)", "topic's main category", "Category:Ministry of Public Security (Poland)" ]	The Ministry of Public Security (Polish: Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego), commonly known as UB or later SB, was the secret police, intelligence and counter-espionage agency operating in the Polish People's Republic. From 1945 to 1954 it was known as the Department of Security (Urząd Bezpieczeństwa, UB), and from 1956 to 1990 as the Security Service (Służba Bezpieczeństwa, SB).The initial UB was headed by Public Security General Stanisław Radkiewicz and supervised by Jakub Berman of the Polish Politburo. The main goal of the Department of Security was the swift eradication of anti-communist structures and socio-political base of the Polish Underground State, as well as the persecution of former underground soldiers of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa) and later anti-communist organizations like Freedom and Independence (WiN). The Ministry of Public Security was established on 1 January 1945 and ceased operations on 7 December 1954. It was the chief secret service in communist Poland during the period of Stalinism. Throughout its existence, the UB was responsible for brutally beating, arresting, imprisoning, torturing and murdering at least tens of thousands of political opponents and suspects as well as taking part in actions such as Operation Vistula in 1947. The headquarters were located on Koszykowa Street in central Warsaw, but its branches and places of detention were scattered across the entire country, the most infamous being Mokotów Prison. The Department of Security was replaced by a short-lived Committee for Public Security (1954–1956) and then by a marginally less repressive Security Service (SB) in 1956, though the structure and aim of both agencies remained almost identical. The SB functioned as the chief secret service until the fall of Communism in Poland in 1989 and was disbanded in 1990. Between 1945 and 1990 all secret servicemen, functionaries, and employees were widely known by the public as Ubecy (or later Esbecy) in English "Ubeks/Esbeks" and singular "Ubek/Esbek" (pronounced: OO-beck).	null	null	null	null	8
[ "MTU Friedrichshafen", "replaces", "Maybach" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "MTU Friedrichshafen", "founded by", "Wilhelm Maybac" ]	MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a German manufacturer of commercial internal combustion engines founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach in 1909. Wilhelm Maybach was the technical director of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), a predecessor company of the German multinational automotive corporation Daimler AG, until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Corp), with his son Karl Maybach as director. A few years later the company was renamed to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (Maybach Engine Manufacturing Corp), which originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then railcars. The Maybach Mb.IVa was used in aircraft and airships of World War I. The company first built an experimental car in 1919, with the first production model introduced two years later at the Berlin Motor Show. Between 1921 and 1940, the company produced various classic opulent vehicles. The company also continued to build heavy duty diesel engines for marine and rail purposes. During World War II, Maybach produced the engines for Germany's medium and heavy tanks. The company was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen in the 1960s and continued to supply the engines for the Leopard 2 main battle tank. MTU derives from Motoren- und Turbinen-Union meaning 'Motor (Engine) and Turbine Union'. MTU Friedrichshafen remained a subsidiary of DaimlerChrysler until 2006 when it was sold off to the EQT IV private equity fund, becoming a part of the Tognum Corporation. Rolls-Royce Holdings and Daimler AG acquired Tognum in 2011. In 2014, Tognum was renamed Rolls-Royce Power Systems, having become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings. The company manufactures diesel engines for trains, ships, oil and gas installations, military vehicles, agriculture, mining and construction equipment, as well as diesel generators and molten carbonate fuel cells.	null	null	null	null	4
[ "MTU Friedrichshafen", "owned by", "Rolls-Royce" ]	MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a German manufacturer of commercial internal combustion engines founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach in 1909. Wilhelm Maybach was the technical director of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), a predecessor company of the German multinational automotive corporation Daimler AG, until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Corp), with his son Karl Maybach as director. A few years later the company was renamed to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (Maybach Engine Manufacturing Corp), which originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then railcars. The Maybach Mb.IVa was used in aircraft and airships of World War I. The company first built an experimental car in 1919, with the first production model introduced two years later at the Berlin Motor Show. Between 1921 and 1940, the company produced various classic opulent vehicles. The company also continued to build heavy duty diesel engines for marine and rail purposes. During World War II, Maybach produced the engines for Germany's medium and heavy tanks. The company was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen in the 1960s and continued to supply the engines for the Leopard 2 main battle tank. MTU derives from Motoren- und Turbinen-Union meaning 'Motor (Engine) and Turbine Union'. MTU Friedrichshafen remained a subsidiary of DaimlerChrysler until 2006 when it was sold off to the EQT IV private equity fund, becoming a part of the Tognum Corporation. Rolls-Royce Holdings and Daimler AG acquired Tognum in 2011. In 2014, Tognum was renamed Rolls-Royce Power Systems, having become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings. The company manufactures diesel engines for trains, ships, oil and gas installations, military vehicles, agriculture, mining and construction equipment, as well as diesel generators and molten carbonate fuel cells.History 1909: Foundation of Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH in Bissingen an der Enz as part of the Zeppelin corporation. The company manufactures engines for airships. 1912: 1911/12 relocation to Friedrichshafen; the name is changed to Motorenbau GmbH. 1918: Motorenbau GmbH is renamed Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH. After the end of the First World War the company began to manufacture car engines. 1966: Merger of the two companies Mercedes-Benz Motorenbau Friedrichshafen GmbH and Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH to form Maybach Mercedes-Benz Motorenbau GmbH. 1969: Maybach Mercedes-Benz Motorenbau GmbH is renamed Motoren und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen GmbH. The company is a subsidiary of MTU München GmbH which is owned at equal shares by Daimler-Benz AG and MAN AG until 1985. 1989: Incorporation of MTU Friedrichshafen in Deutsche Aero-space AG (DASA), a company of the Daimler-Benz Group. 1994: Cooperation of MTU Friedrichshafen with Detroit Diesel Corporation 1995: MTU Friedrichshafen and MTU München go their separate ways; MTU Friedrichshafen becomes a direct subsidiary of Daimler-Benz AG. 2001: MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen GmbH is renamed MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH. 2005: In late 2005, the DaimlerChrysler Off-Highway business unit, including MTU Friedrichshafen and the Off-Highway division of Detroit Diesel Corporation, is sold to the Swedish financial investor EQT Partners. 2006: The business is transferred into the new holding company Tognum, with MTU Friedrichshafen as its core company. 2009: MTU Friedrichshafen celebrates its centenary. In the same year introduction of the new Series 1600, rounding off the performance range at the lower end of the product portfolio. 2011: Rolls-Royce Holdings and Daimler AG announced they were buying Tognum 2014: Tognum was renamed Rolls-Royce Power Systems 2014: From 26 August Rolls-Royce Power Systems became a 100 per cent subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings	null	null	null	null	8
[ "Northern Territory", "replaces", "North Australia" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "Northern Territory", "replaces", "Central Australia (territory)" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Northern Territory", "replaces", "South Australia" ]		null	null	null	null	82
[ "Northern Territory", "topic's main category", "Category:Northern Territory" ]		null	null	null	null	124
[ "Aralkum Desert", "replaces", "Aral Sea" ]	The Aralkum Desert is a desert that has appeared since 1960 on the seabed once occupied by the Aral Sea. It lies to the south and east of what remains of the Eastern Basin Aral Sea in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. It is currently the youngest desert in the world.	null	null	null	null	3
[ ".cw", "different from", "top-level domain" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ ".cw", "replaces", ".an" ]	.cw is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Curaçao. It was created following the decision on December 15, 2010 by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency to allocate CW as the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code for Curaçao. This decision followed Curaçao's new status as an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands on October 10, 2010. The University of Curaçao, which already was the sponsor for .an was designated as the sponsoring organization. Registration of .cw domains was available from 1 February 2012. Previously, many websites in Curaçao used the former Netherlands Antilles's ccTLD, .an. Domains from .an were able to switch to .sx (Sint Maarten) or .cw, depending on where they are based.	null	null	null	null	3
[ "Min Chinese", "replaces", "Old Chinese" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Min Chinese", "replaces", "Minyue" ]		null	null	null	null	8
[ "Min Chinese", "topic's main category", "Category:Min Chinese" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "SportsChannel Los Angeles", "replaces", "Z Channel" ]	History SportsChannel Los Angeles launched on June 30, 1989; it served as the successor to Z Channel, an avant-garde movie service focusing on a variety of high-profile and lesser-known but critically acclaimed films. Like its predecessor, SportsChannel Los Angeles operated as a premium cable service, requiring cable subscribers to pay an extra monthly fee to receive the network, a distribution method that many regional sports networks had utilized at the time of its launch; however unlike its predecessor, it did not broadcast 24 hours a day at first, offering programming from 2:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. on weekdays and from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. on weekends.Officials with Rainbow Media thought that it would give SportsChannel Los Angeles a financial advantage compared to Prime Ticket, which had the regional cable television rights to the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Kings but, in direct contrast, operated as a basic cable service. In the spring of 1991, the network acquired the regional television rights to the Los Angeles Clippers, effective with the 1991–92 season, assuming the local rights to the NBA team's game telecasts from Prime Ticket after one year. The tactic backfired, as SportsChannel's Los Angeles subscriber base ultimately never matched that of Prime Ticket. After it replaced Z Channel, the network had about 120,000 subscribers; that number dropped sharply to around 67,000 subscribers by 1992.Because of this, the network attempted to reboot itself as a basic cable network on April 1, 1992; however, it chose to maintain premium exclusivity to selected events such as marquee Dodgers, Angels, Lakers and Stanley Cup Finals games, still requiring those events to be purchased on a pay-per-view basis, while all of the network's other programming including regular-season NHL games, college basketball and live and replayed horse races held at Santa Anita races were made available to all cable subscribers. However, because of the surcharge that would have to be passed to subscribers by carrying SportsChannel as a part-time premium/basic service, the plan did not sit well with some providers such as Cencom Cable Associates (which served parts of the western San Gabriel Valley, including Pasadena) and Paragon Cable (covering the suburbs of Torrance and Garden Grove), which decided to drop the network altogether.In addition, the network's decision to operate as a pay service caused some complaints from viewers, none more so than on May 3, 1992, after it became a part-time premium channel. Because of the riots that rocked Los Angeles following the acquittal of officers involved in the brutal beating of Rodney King, an NBA Playoff game between the Los Angeles Clippers and Utah Jazz was moved to the Anaheim Convention Center and the game's telecast was removed by NBC and moved to TBS, whose telecast of the game – due to NBA broadcasting rules – had to be blacked out in the Los Angeles market. SportsChannel Los Angeles then inherited the exclusive local rights to televise the game. However, the network chose not to unscramble its signal; in letters to the Los Angeles Times and other sources, viewers complained that the game should have been made available to all subscribers as a public service. As a result of the problems with its business structure, Cablevision/NBC announced in November 1992 that it would shut down the network. SportsChannel Los Angeles ceased operations on December 31, 1992. Prime Ticket (now Bally Sports West) subsequently acquired the broadcast rights to the Angels and Clippers; it was the acquisition of those rights as well as that of the Los Angeles Dodgers that led to the creation of Fox Sports West 2 (now the present-day Bally Sports SoCal) in January 1997.	null	null	null	null	2
[ "Tour of Norway", "replaces", "Tour des Fjords" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Tour of Norway", "replaces", "Ringerike Grand Prix" ]	The Tour of Norway is a road bicycle race held annually in Norway. It is considered as a successor to the stage race Ringerike GP, which is now a one-day race. It was started in 2011 as a result of the heightened interest in cycling in Norway, mainly due to good results of professional cyclists Thor Hushovd and Edvald Boasson Hagen. The race is ranked 2.HC on the UCI Europe Tour, and will become part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020. From the 2019 season the race merged with Tour des Fjords to form a new six day stage race that will cover all of the southern counties of Norway; the race had previously only been held in Eastern Norway. The first edition of the new race was held from May 28 until June 2, 2019.	null	null	null	null	6
[ "Tour of Norway", "topic's main category", "Category:Tour of Norway" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Bundeswehr", "replaces", "Wehrmacht" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Bundeswehr", "owner of", "Hinrich-Wilhelm-Kopf Barracks" ]		null	null	null	null	18
[ "Bundeswehr", "owner of", "Rostock Airport" ]		null	null	null	null	36
[ "Bundeswehr", "owner of", "COMBOX" ]		null	null	null	null	37
[ "Bundeswehr", "owner of", "Ordensburg Sonthofen" ]		null	null	null	null	38
[ "Bundeswehr", "topic's main category", "Category:Bundeswehr" ]		null	null	null	null	40
[ "Transnistria Governorate", "replaces", "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Transnistria Governorate", "replaces", "Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "Transnistria Governorate", "topic's main category", "Category:Transnistria Governorate" ]		null	null	null	null	10
[ "Transnistria Governorate", "different from", "Transnistria" ]	The Transnistria Governorate (Romanian: Guvernământul Transnistriei) was a Romanian-administered territory between the Dniester and Southern Bug, conquered by the Axis Powers from the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa. A Romanian civilian administration governed the territory from 19 August 1941 to 29 January 1944. A brief military administration followed, during which the Romanians withdrew from the region by late March 1944. German control became official on 1 April 1944. Limited in the west by the Dniester river (separating it from Bessarabia), in the east by the Southern Bug river (separating it from the German Reichskommissariat Ukraine), and in the south by the Black Sea, it comprised the present-day region of Transnistria (which compared to the World War II whole is only a small strip along the bank of the Dniester) and territories further east (modern Odesa Oblast eastward of the Dniester, southern Vinnytsia Oblast and a small part of eastern Mykolaiv Oblast), including the Black Sea port of Odesa, which became the administrative capital of Transnistria during World War II. In World War II, the Kingdom of Romania, persuaded and aided by Nazi Germany, took control of Transnistria for the first time in history. In August 1941, Adolf Hitler persuaded Ion Antonescu to take control of the territory as a substitute for Northern Transylvania, occupied by Miklós Horthy's Hungary following the Second Vienna Award. Despite the Romanian administration, the Kingdom of Romania did not formally incorporate Transnistria into its administrative framework; the Nazi-friendly Antonescu government hoped to annex the territory eventually, but developments on the Eastern Front precluded it.	null	null	null	null	11
[ "Greek royal family", "replaces", "House of Wittelsbach" ]	The currently deposed Greek royal family (Greek: Βασιλική Οικογένεια της Ελλάδος) was the ruling family of the Kingdom of Greece from 1863 to 1924 and again from 1935 to 1973. The family is a branch of the Danish royal family, itself a branch of the House of Glücksburg. Upon its accession to power, It replaced the House of Wittelsbach that previously ruled Greece from 1832 to 1862. The first monarch was George I of Greece, the second son of King Christian IX of Denmark. The current head of the family is Pavlos, who assumed the role upon the death of his father, former King Constantine II on 10 January 2023. With the 1974 Greek republic referendum and Article 4 of the Constitution of Greece, all family members have been stripped of their honorific titles and the associated royal status. Many family members born after 1974 still use the titles "Prince of Greece" and "Princess of Greece" to describe themselves, but such descriptions are neither conferred nor legally recognised by the Greek state as nobility titles. The family accepts that these terms are not nobility titles, but rather personal identifiers.	null	null	null	null	0
[ "Greek royal family", "topic's main category", "Category:Greek royalty" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Transitional Federal Government of Somalia", "replaces", "Transitional National Government" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Sozopol", "replaces", "Apollonia Pontica" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Sozopol", "topic's main category", "Category:Sozopol" ]		null	null	null	null	24
[ "Svenska kraftnät", "replaces", "Vattenfall" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin", "replaces", "Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin" ]	The Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Freistaat Mecklenburg-Schwerin) was a state in the Weimar Republic that was established on 14 November 1918 upon the abdication of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin following the German Revolution. In 1933, after the onset of Nazi rule, it was united with the smaller neighbouring Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to form the new united state of Mecklenburg on 1 January 1934.	null	null	null	null	5
[ "Teutonic Order", "owner of", "Duitse Huis" ]		null	null	null	null	15
[ "Teutonic Order", "owner of", "Insterburg Castle" ]		null	null	null	null	17
[ "Teutonic Order", "owner of", "Brandenburg Castle" ]		null	null	null	null	18
[ "Teutonic Order", "replaces", "Livonian Brothers of the Sword" ]	Livonia After suffering a devastating defeat in the Battle of Saule, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword were absorbed by the Teutonic Knights in 1237. The Livonian branch subsequently became known as the Livonian Order. Attempts to expand into Rus' failed when the Knights suffered a major defeat in 1242 in the Battle of the Ice at the hands of Prince Alexander Nevsky of Novgorod. Over the next decades the Order focused on the subjugation of the Curonians and Semigallians. In 1260 it suffered a disastrous defeat in the Battle of Durbe against Samogitians, and this inspired rebellions throughout Prussia and Livonia. After the Knights won a crucial victory in the Siege of Königsberg from 1262 to 1265, the war had reached a turning point. The Curonians were finally subjugated in 1267 and the Semigallians in 1290. The Order suppressed a major Estonian rebellion in 1343–1345, and in 1346 purchased the Duchy of Estonia from Denmark.	null	null	null	null	20
[ "Teutonic Order", "topic's main category", "Category:Teutonic Order" ]		null	null	null	null	28
[ "Teutonic Order", "founded by", "Heinrich Walpot von Bassenheim" ]		null	null	null	null	41
[ "Zahhak", "replaces", "Jamshid" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "1st Parachute Division (Germany)", "follows", "7th Flieger Division" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "1st Parachute Division (Germany)", "replaces", "7th Flieger Division" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ ".cz", "replaces", ".cs" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "White émigré", "replaces", "White movement" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "White émigré", "different from", "White Russia" ]	White Russian émigrés were Russians who emigrated from the territory of the former Russian Empire in the wake of the Russian Revolution (1917) and Russian Civil War (1917–1923), and who were in opposition to the revolutionary Bolshevik communist Russian political climate. Many White Russian émigrés participated in the White movement or supported it. The term is often broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change in regimes. Some Russian émigrés, like Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries, were opposed to the Bolsheviks but had not directly supported the White Russian movement; some were apolitical. The term is also applied to the descendants of those who left and who still retain a Russian Orthodox Christian identity while living abroad.The term "émigré" is most commonly used in France, the United States, and the United Kingdom. A term preferred by the émigrés themselves was first-wave émigré (Russian: эмигрант первой волны, emigrant pervoy volny), "Russian émigrés" (Russian: русская эмиграция, russkaya emigratsiya) or "Russian military émigrés" (Russian: русская военная эмиграция, russkaya voyennaya emigratsiya) if they participated in the White Russian movement. In the Soviet Union, white émigré (белоэмигрант, byeloemigrant) generally had negative connotations. Since the end of the 1980s, the term "first-wave émigré" has become more common in Russia. In East Asia, White Russian (Chinese: 白俄, Japanese: 白系ロシア人, 白系露人) is the term most commonly used for such Russian émigrés, although some have been of Ukrainian and other ethnicities, and were not culturally Russians.Most white émigrés left Russia from 1917 to 1920 (estimates vary between 900,000 and 2 million). Some managed to leave during the 1920s and 1930s, or were expelled by the Soviet government (such as, for example, Pitirim Sorokin and Ivan Ilyin). They spanned all classes and included military soldiers and officers, Cossacks, intellectuals of various professions, dispossessed businessmen and landowners, as well as officials of the Russian Imperial government and of various anti-Bolshevik governments of the Russian Civil War period. They were not only ethnic Russians but belonged to other ethnic groups as well.	null	null	null	null	1
[ "White émigré", "topic's main category", "Category:White Russian emigration" ]		null	null	null	null	4
[ "Resource Description and Access", "replaces", "Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules" ]		null	null	null	null	0
[ "Resource Description and Access", "replaces", "Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung" ]	See also International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) MAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung (RAK) Dublin Core Library Reference Model	null	null	null	null	3
[ "Resource Description and Access", "used by", "cataloger" ]	Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a standard for descriptive cataloging initially released in June 2010, providing instructions and guidelines on formulating bibliographic data. Intended for use by libraries and other cultural organizations such as museums and archives, RDA is the successor to Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2).Background RDA emerged from the International Conference on the Principles & Future Development of AACR held in Toronto in 1997. It is published jointly by the American Library Association, the Canadian Federation of Library Associations, and the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) in the United Kingdom. Maintenance of RDA is the responsibility of the RDA Steering Committee (RSC). As of 2015, RSC is undergoing a transition to an international governance structure, expected to be in place in 2019.RDA instructions and guidelines are available through RDA Toolkit, an online subscription service, and in a print format. RDA training materials and texts are available online and in print.Features RDA is a package of data elements, guidelines, and instructions for creating library and cultural heritage resource metadata that are well-formed according to international models for user-focused linked data applications. The underlying conceptual models for RDA are the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), and Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) maintained by IFLA, and will be compliant with the Library Reference Model, the IFLA standard that consolidates them.RDA Vocabularies RDA Vocabularies is a representation of the RDA entities, elements, relationship designators, and controlled terms in RDF (Resource Description Framework). The Vocabularies are intended to support linked data applications using RDA. They are maintained in the Open Metadata Registry, a metadata registry, and released via GitHub and the RDA Registry. The human-readable labels, definitions, and other textual annotations in the Vocabularies are known as RDA Reference. The RDA Reference data are used in the production of RDA Toolkit content.The RDA Vocabularies and RDA Reference are available under an open license.	null	null	null	null	4
[ "Computer-aided design", "replaces", "French curve" ]		null	null	null	null	5
[ "Computer-aided design", "different from", "desktop publishing" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Computer-aided design", "replaces", "drawing board" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "Computer-aided design", "topic's main category", "Category:Computer-aided design" ]		null	null	null	null	9
[ "Computer-aided design", "uses", "computer-aided design software" ]	Overview Computer-aided design is one of the many tools used by engineers and designers and is used in many ways depending on the profession of the user and the type of software in question. CAD is one part of the whole digital product development (DPD) activity within the product lifecycle management (PLM) processes, and as such is used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand-alone products, such as:List of software packages CAD software enables engineers and architects to design, inspect and manage engineering projects within an integrated graphical user interface (GUI) on a personal computer system. Most applications support solid modeling with boundary representation (B-Rep) and NURBS geometry, and enable the same to be published in a variety of formats.Based on market statistics, commercial software from Autodesk, Dassault Systems, Siemens PLM Software, and PTC dominate the CAD industry. The following is a list of major CAD applications, grouped by usage statistics.	null	null	null	null	10
[ "U5 (Berlin U-Bahn)", "replaces", "U55" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "U5 (Berlin U-Bahn)", "different from", "U5" ]		null	null	null	null	7
[ "U5 (Berlin U-Bahn)", "topic's main category", "Category:U-Bahnlinie U5 (Berlin)" ]	Route Line U5 connects Moabit with the large housing estate of Hellersdorf and the Brandenburg town of Hönow, but ends just outside the eastern city limits of Berlin. It begins at Berlin Hauptbahnhof (central station) and heads southeast under the Spree river, the Spreebogenpark and the Platz der Republik to Brandenburg Gate. From there it follows Unter den Linden, crossing line 6 at Friedrichstraße. After Museumsinsel station, the line runs under Rathausstraße, passing under the Humboldt Forum. After leaving Alexanderplatz, it takes a sharp right turn under Karl-Marx-Allee. It follows that street (which becomes Frankfurter Allee after Frankfurter Tor station) for several stations in a straight line in an easterly direction and crosses the Berliner Ringbahn at Frankfurter Allee station. From Berlin-Lichtenberg station, where it passes under the S-Bahn and the Berlin–Küstrin-Kietz railway, the line swings to the southeast. It runs under Einbecker Straße and then past the Friedrichsfelde workshop to Tierpark station. In a sharp left turn, the U5 bypasses Tierpark Berlin (a zoo) and reaches its southernmost point at this point. It turns to the northeast and reaches the surface for the first time. Now above ground, the U5 runs through Biesdorf-Süd. It crosses Köpenicker Straße at Elsterwerdaer Platz station and a little later the street of Alt-Biesdorf, which forms part of both federal highways B 1 and B 5. It crosses the S-Bahn line and the Berlin–Küstrin-Kietz railway again at Wuhletal station. The line then runs underground along Gülzower Straße for a short distance. After a sweeping left turn, the U-Bahn resurfaces before Kaulsdorf-Nord station and runs north and later north-east. The line runs next to Hellersdorfer Straße as far as Hellersdorf, continuing to Louis-Lewin-Straße station and then running next to Böhlener Straße. Right on the city limits, but still within territory of Berlin, the U5 line ends at Hönow station, the easternmost point of the Berlin U-Bahn network at Mahlsdorfer Straße on the edge of Hönow.	null	null	null	null	14
[ "Intragna", "replaces", "Rasa" ]		null	null	null	null	6
[ "Legio IV Flavia Felix", "topic's main category", "Category:Legio IIII Flavia Felix" ]		null	null	null	null	1
[ "Legio IV Flavia Felix", "replaces", "Legio IV Macedonica" ]		null	null	null	null	3
[ "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "replaces", "Fatimid Caliphate" ]		null	null	null	null	11
[ "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "significant event", "Siege of Jerusalem" ]		null	null	null	null	17
[ "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "topic's main category", "Category:Kingdom of Jerusalem" ]		null	null	null	null	20
[ "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "follows", "early Islamic period in Palestine" ]		null	null	null	null	21
[ "Territory of Alaska", "followed by", "Alaska" ]		null	null	null	null	2
[ "Territory of Alaska", "replaces", "District of Alaska" ]	The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the Department of Alaska, 1867–1884; and the District of Alaska, 1884–1912.Origin Passage of the 1899 Criminal Code which, among other things, included a tax on liquor, led to increased calls for Alaskan representation in Congress, and the debate finally ended on August 24, 1912, when the Alaska District became an organized, incorporated territory of the United States. The Second Organic Act of 1912 renamed the District to the Territory of Alaska. By 1916, its population was about 58,000. James Wickersham, a Delegate to Congress, introduced Alaska's first statehood bill, but it failed for lack of interest from Alaskans. Even President Warren G. Harding's unprecedented visit in 1923 (just days before his death) could not create widespread interest in statehood. Under the conditions of the Second Organic Act, Alaska had been split into four divisions. The most populous of the divisions, whose capital was Juneau, wondered if it could become a separate state from the other three. Government control was a primary concern, with the territory having 52 federal agencies governing it.	null	null	null	null	8
[ "Territory of Alaska", "follows", "Department of Alaska" ]	The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the Department of Alaska, 1867–1884; and the District of Alaska, 1884–1912.	null	null	null	null	11

[ "Stockholm Palace", "has use", "official residence" ]

null

8

[ "Stockholm Palace", "owned by", "National Property Board of Sweden" ]

null

15

[ "Stockholm Palace", "topic's main category", "Category:Royal Palace, Stockholm" ]

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20

[ "Stockholm Palace", "has use", "royal palace" ]

null

22

[ "Stockholm Palace", "located on terrain feature", "Stadsholmen" ]

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23

[ "Valencian Community", "different from", "Comunidad Valenciana" ]

null

4

[ "Valencian Community", "owner of", "Valencian Library" ]

null

12

[ "Valencian Community", "replaces", "Kingdom of Valencia" ]

null

29

[ "Valencian Community", "topic's main category", "Category:Valencian Community" ]

null

37

[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "follows", "Holy Roman Empire" ]

null

1

[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "replaces", "German Confederation" ]

null

6

[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "replaces", "Electorate of Baden" ]

null

15

[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "located on terrain feature", "Baden" ]

null

20

[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "topic's main category", "Category:Grand Duchy of Baden" ]

null

26

[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "replaces", "Principality of Krautheim" ]

null

28

[ "Grand Duchy of Baden", "different from", "Badenia" ]

null

31

[ "Hatay Province", "replaces", "Hatay State" ]

Hatay State Hatay State (Turkish: Hatay Devleti, French: État du Hatay, Arabic: دولة خطاي transl. Dawlat Khaṭāy), also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that existed from September 7, 1938, to June 29, 1939, in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria. The state was transformed de jure into the Hatay Province of Turkey on July 7, 1939, de facto joining the country on July 23, 1939.

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6

[ "Hatay Province", "topic's main category", "Category:Hatay Province" ]

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29

[ "Barnstaple Castle", "replaces", "cemetery" ]

null

2

[ "Barnstaple Castle", "significant event", "archaeological excavation" ]

Later history and investigations The castle site was excavated in 1927 and 1975. The 1975 excavation revealed the presence of one hundred and five graves at the location. The excavation report, published in 1986, shows that the artefacts recovered at the location showed that the graves were most probably of Christians. Now only the tree covered motte remains.Since 1950, the castle has been designated a scheduled monument, which is intended to protect important archaeological sites.

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7

[ "Barnstaple Castle", "owned by", "Juhel de Totnes" ]

null

12

[ "Uzbek language", "replaces", "Chagatai" ]

null

3

[ "Uzbek language", "topic's main category", "Category:Uzbek language" ]

null

21

[ "North Aral Sea", "replaces", "Aral Sea" ]

null

3

[ "North Aral Sea", "topic's main category", "Category:North Aral Sea" ]

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6

[ "Chemistry", "said to be the same as", "general chemistry" ]

null

3

[ "Chemistry", "replaces", "alchemy" ]

History The history of chemistry spans a period from very old times to the present. Since several millennia BC, civilizations were using technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of chemistry. Examples include extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze. Chemistry was preceded by its protoscience, alchemy, which operated a non-scientific approach to understanding the constituents of matter and their interactions. Despite being unsuccessful in explaining the nature of matter and its transformations, alchemists set the stage for modern chemistry by performing experiments and recording the results. Robert Boyle, although skeptical of elements and convinced of alchemy, played a key part in elevating the "sacred art" as an independent, fundamental and philosophical discipline in his work The Sceptical Chymist (1661).While both alchemy and chemistry are concerned with matter and its transformations, the crucial difference was given by the scientific method that chemists employed in their work. Chemistry, as a body of knowledge distinct from alchemy, became an established science with the work of Antoine Lavoisier, who developed a law of conservation of mass that demanded careful measurement and quantitative observations of chemical phenomena. The history of chemistry afterwards is intertwined with the history of thermodynamics, especially through the work of Willard Gibbs.

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5

[ "Chemistry", "different from", "Chemia" ]

null

31

[ "Chemistry", "topic's main category", "Category:Chemistry" ]

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42

[ "Ministry of Public Security (Poland)", "replaces", "Polish Committee of National Liberation" ]

null

2

[ "Ministry of Public Security (Poland)", "different from", "Ministry of Public Security" ]

null

5

[ "Ministry of Public Security (Poland)", "topic's main category", "Category:Ministry of Public Security (Poland)" ]

The Ministry of Public Security (Polish: Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego), commonly known as UB or later SB, was the secret police, intelligence and counter-espionage agency operating in the Polish People's Republic. From 1945 to 1954 it was known as the Department of Security (Urząd Bezpieczeństwa, UB), and from 1956 to 1990 as the Security Service (Służba Bezpieczeństwa, SB).The initial UB was headed by Public Security General Stanisław Radkiewicz and supervised by Jakub Berman of the Polish Politburo. The main goal of the Department of Security was the swift eradication of anti-communist structures and socio-political base of the Polish Underground State, as well as the persecution of former underground soldiers of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa) and later anti-communist organizations like Freedom and Independence (WiN). The Ministry of Public Security was established on 1 January 1945 and ceased operations on 7 December 1954. It was the chief secret service in communist Poland during the period of Stalinism. Throughout its existence, the UB was responsible for brutally beating, arresting, imprisoning, torturing and murdering at least tens of thousands of political opponents and suspects as well as taking part in actions such as Operation Vistula in 1947. The headquarters were located on Koszykowa Street in central Warsaw, but its branches and places of detention were scattered across the entire country, the most infamous being Mokotów Prison. The Department of Security was replaced by a short-lived Committee for Public Security (1954–1956) and then by a marginally less repressive Security Service (SB) in 1956, though the structure and aim of both agencies remained almost identical. The SB functioned as the chief secret service until the fall of Communism in Poland in 1989 and was disbanded in 1990. Between 1945 and 1990 all secret servicemen, functionaries, and employees were widely known by the public as Ubecy (or later Esbecy) in English "Ubeks/Esbeks" and singular "Ubek/Esbek" (pronounced: OO-beck).

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8

[ "MTU Friedrichshafen", "replaces", "Maybach" ]

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3

[ "MTU Friedrichshafen", "founded by", "Wilhelm Maybac" ]

MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a German manufacturer of commercial internal combustion engines founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach in 1909. Wilhelm Maybach was the technical director of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), a predecessor company of the German multinational automotive corporation Daimler AG, until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Corp), with his son Karl Maybach as director. A few years later the company was renamed to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (Maybach Engine Manufacturing Corp), which originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then railcars. The Maybach Mb.IVa was used in aircraft and airships of World War I. The company first built an experimental car in 1919, with the first production model introduced two years later at the Berlin Motor Show. Between 1921 and 1940, the company produced various classic opulent vehicles. The company also continued to build heavy duty diesel engines for marine and rail purposes. During World War II, Maybach produced the engines for Germany's medium and heavy tanks. The company was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen in the 1960s and continued to supply the engines for the Leopard 2 main battle tank. MTU derives from Motoren- und Turbinen-Union meaning 'Motor (Engine) and Turbine Union'. MTU Friedrichshafen remained a subsidiary of DaimlerChrysler until 2006 when it was sold off to the EQT IV private equity fund, becoming a part of the Tognum Corporation. Rolls-Royce Holdings and Daimler AG acquired Tognum in 2011. In 2014, Tognum was renamed Rolls-Royce Power Systems, having become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings. The company manufactures diesel engines for trains, ships, oil and gas installations, military vehicles, agriculture, mining and construction equipment, as well as diesel generators and molten carbonate fuel cells.

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4

[ "MTU Friedrichshafen", "owned by", "Rolls-Royce" ]

MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a German manufacturer of commercial internal combustion engines founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach in 1909. Wilhelm Maybach was the technical director of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), a predecessor company of the German multinational automotive corporation Daimler AG, until he left in 1907. On 23 March 1909, he founded the new company, Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH (Aircraft Engine Manufacturing Corp), with his son Karl Maybach as director. A few years later the company was renamed to Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH (Maybach Engine Manufacturing Corp), which originally developed and manufactured diesel and petrol engines for Zeppelins, and then railcars. The Maybach Mb.IVa was used in aircraft and airships of World War I. The company first built an experimental car in 1919, with the first production model introduced two years later at the Berlin Motor Show. Between 1921 and 1940, the company produced various classic opulent vehicles. The company also continued to build heavy duty diesel engines for marine and rail purposes. During World War II, Maybach produced the engines for Germany's medium and heavy tanks. The company was renamed MTU Friedrichshafen in the 1960s and continued to supply the engines for the Leopard 2 main battle tank. MTU derives from Motoren- und Turbinen-Union meaning 'Motor (Engine) and Turbine Union'. MTU Friedrichshafen remained a subsidiary of DaimlerChrysler until 2006 when it was sold off to the EQT IV private equity fund, becoming a part of the Tognum Corporation. Rolls-Royce Holdings and Daimler AG acquired Tognum in 2011. In 2014, Tognum was renamed Rolls-Royce Power Systems, having become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings. The company manufactures diesel engines for trains, ships, oil and gas installations, military vehicles, agriculture, mining and construction equipment, as well as diesel generators and molten carbonate fuel cells.History 1909: Foundation of Luftfahrzeug-Motorenbau GmbH in Bissingen an der Enz as part of the Zeppelin corporation. The company manufactures engines for airships. 1912: 1911/12 relocation to Friedrichshafen; the name is changed to Motorenbau GmbH. 1918: Motorenbau GmbH is renamed Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH. After the end of the First World War the company began to manufacture car engines. 1966: Merger of the two companies Mercedes-Benz Motorenbau Friedrichshafen GmbH and Maybach-Motorenbau GmbH to form Maybach Mercedes-Benz Motorenbau GmbH. 1969: Maybach Mercedes-Benz Motorenbau GmbH is renamed Motoren und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen GmbH. The company is a subsidiary of MTU München GmbH which is owned at equal shares by Daimler-Benz AG and MAN AG until 1985. 1989: Incorporation of MTU Friedrichshafen in Deutsche Aero-space AG (DASA), a company of the Daimler-Benz Group. 1994: Cooperation of MTU Friedrichshafen with Detroit Diesel Corporation 1995: MTU Friedrichshafen and MTU München go their separate ways; MTU Friedrichshafen becomes a direct subsidiary of Daimler-Benz AG. 2001: MTU Motoren- und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen GmbH is renamed MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH. 2005: In late 2005, the DaimlerChrysler Off-Highway business unit, including MTU Friedrichshafen and the Off-Highway division of Detroit Diesel Corporation, is sold to the Swedish financial investor EQT Partners. 2006: The business is transferred into the new holding company Tognum, with MTU Friedrichshafen as its core company. 2009: MTU Friedrichshafen celebrates its centenary. In the same year introduction of the new Series 1600, rounding off the performance range at the lower end of the product portfolio. 2011: Rolls-Royce Holdings and Daimler AG announced they were buying Tognum 2014: Tognum was renamed Rolls-Royce Power Systems 2014: From 26 August Rolls-Royce Power Systems became a 100 per cent subsidiary of Rolls-Royce Holdings

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8

[ "Northern Territory", "replaces", "North Australia" ]

null

0

[ "Northern Territory", "replaces", "Central Australia (territory)" ]

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4

[ "Northern Territory", "replaces", "South Australia" ]

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82

[ "Northern Territory", "topic's main category", "Category:Northern Territory" ]

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124

[ "Aralkum Desert", "replaces", "Aral Sea" ]

The Aralkum Desert is a desert that has appeared since 1960 on the seabed once occupied by the Aral Sea. It lies to the south and east of what remains of the Eastern Basin Aral Sea in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. It is currently the youngest desert in the world.

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3

[ ".cw", "different from", "top-level domain" ]

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1

[ ".cw", "replaces", ".an" ]

.cw is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Curaçao. It was created following the decision on December 15, 2010 by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency to allocate CW as the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code for Curaçao. This decision followed Curaçao's new status as an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands on October 10, 2010. The University of Curaçao, which already was the sponsor for .an was designated as the sponsoring organization. Registration of .cw domains was available from 1 February 2012. Previously, many websites in Curaçao used the former Netherlands Antilles's ccTLD, .an. Domains from .an were able to switch to .sx (Sint Maarten) or .cw, depending on where they are based.

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3

[ "Min Chinese", "replaces", "Old Chinese" ]

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4

[ "Min Chinese", "replaces", "Minyue" ]

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8

[ "Min Chinese", "topic's main category", "Category:Min Chinese" ]

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10

[ "SportsChannel Los Angeles", "replaces", "Z Channel" ]

History SportsChannel Los Angeles launched on June 30, 1989; it served as the successor to Z Channel, an avant-garde movie service focusing on a variety of high-profile and lesser-known but critically acclaimed films. Like its predecessor, SportsChannel Los Angeles operated as a premium cable service, requiring cable subscribers to pay an extra monthly fee to receive the network, a distribution method that many regional sports networks had utilized at the time of its launch; however unlike its predecessor, it did not broadcast 24 hours a day at first, offering programming from 2:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. on weekdays and from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m. on weekends.Officials with Rainbow Media thought that it would give SportsChannel Los Angeles a financial advantage compared to Prime Ticket, which had the regional cable television rights to the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Kings but, in direct contrast, operated as a basic cable service. In the spring of 1991, the network acquired the regional television rights to the Los Angeles Clippers, effective with the 1991–92 season, assuming the local rights to the NBA team's game telecasts from Prime Ticket after one year. The tactic backfired, as SportsChannel's Los Angeles subscriber base ultimately never matched that of Prime Ticket. After it replaced Z Channel, the network had about 120,000 subscribers; that number dropped sharply to around 67,000 subscribers by 1992.Because of this, the network attempted to reboot itself as a basic cable network on April 1, 1992; however, it chose to maintain premium exclusivity to selected events such as marquee Dodgers, Angels, Lakers and Stanley Cup Finals games, still requiring those events to be purchased on a pay-per-view basis, while all of the network's other programming including regular-season NHL games, college basketball and live and replayed horse races held at Santa Anita races were made available to all cable subscribers. However, because of the surcharge that would have to be passed to subscribers by carrying SportsChannel as a part-time premium/basic service, the plan did not sit well with some providers such as Cencom Cable Associates (which served parts of the western San Gabriel Valley, including Pasadena) and Paragon Cable (covering the suburbs of Torrance and Garden Grove), which decided to drop the network altogether.In addition, the network's decision to operate as a pay service caused some complaints from viewers, none more so than on May 3, 1992, after it became a part-time premium channel. Because of the riots that rocked Los Angeles following the acquittal of officers involved in the brutal beating of Rodney King, an NBA Playoff game between the Los Angeles Clippers and Utah Jazz was moved to the Anaheim Convention Center and the game's telecast was removed by NBC and moved to TBS, whose telecast of the game – due to NBA broadcasting rules – had to be blacked out in the Los Angeles market. SportsChannel Los Angeles then inherited the exclusive local rights to televise the game. However, the network chose not to unscramble its signal; in letters to the Los Angeles Times and other sources, viewers complained that the game should have been made available to all subscribers as a public service. As a result of the problems with its business structure, Cablevision/NBC announced in November 1992 that it would shut down the network. SportsChannel Los Angeles ceased operations on December 31, 1992. Prime Ticket (now Bally Sports West) subsequently acquired the broadcast rights to the Angels and Clippers; it was the acquisition of those rights as well as that of the Los Angeles Dodgers that led to the creation of Fox Sports West 2 (now the present-day Bally Sports SoCal) in January 1997.

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2

[ "Tour of Norway", "replaces", "Tour des Fjords" ]

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4

[ "Tour of Norway", "replaces", "Ringerike Grand Prix" ]

The Tour of Norway is a road bicycle race held annually in Norway. It is considered as a successor to the stage race Ringerike GP, which is now a one-day race. It was started in 2011 as a result of the heightened interest in cycling in Norway, mainly due to good results of professional cyclists Thor Hushovd and Edvald Boasson Hagen. The race is ranked 2.HC on the UCI Europe Tour, and will become part of the new UCI ProSeries in 2020. From the 2019 season the race merged with Tour des Fjords to form a new six day stage race that will cover all of the southern counties of Norway; the race had previously only been held in Eastern Norway. The first edition of the new race was held from May 28 until June 2, 2019.

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6

[ "Tour of Norway", "topic's main category", "Category:Tour of Norway" ]

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10

[ "Bundeswehr", "replaces", "Wehrmacht" ]

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2

[ "Bundeswehr", "owner of", "Hinrich-Wilhelm-Kopf Barracks" ]

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18

[ "Bundeswehr", "owner of", "Rostock Airport" ]

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36

[ "Bundeswehr", "owner of", "COMBOX" ]

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37

[ "Bundeswehr", "owner of", "Ordensburg Sonthofen" ]

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38

[ "Bundeswehr", "topic's main category", "Category:Bundeswehr" ]

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40

[ "Transnistria Governorate", "replaces", "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic" ]

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3

[ "Transnistria Governorate", "replaces", "Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic" ]

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7

[ "Transnistria Governorate", "topic's main category", "Category:Transnistria Governorate" ]

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10

[ "Transnistria Governorate", "different from", "Transnistria" ]

The Transnistria Governorate (Romanian: Guvernământul Transnistriei) was a Romanian-administered territory between the Dniester and Southern Bug, conquered by the Axis Powers from the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa. A Romanian civilian administration governed the territory from 19 August 1941 to 29 January 1944. A brief military administration followed, during which the Romanians withdrew from the region by late March 1944. German control became official on 1 April 1944. Limited in the west by the Dniester river (separating it from Bessarabia), in the east by the Southern Bug river (separating it from the German Reichskommissariat Ukraine), and in the south by the Black Sea, it comprised the present-day region of Transnistria (which compared to the World War II whole is only a small strip along the bank of the Dniester) and territories further east (modern Odesa Oblast eastward of the Dniester, southern Vinnytsia Oblast and a small part of eastern Mykolaiv Oblast), including the Black Sea port of Odesa, which became the administrative capital of Transnistria during World War II. In World War II, the Kingdom of Romania, persuaded and aided by Nazi Germany, took control of Transnistria for the first time in history. In August 1941, Adolf Hitler persuaded Ion Antonescu to take control of the territory as a substitute for Northern Transylvania, occupied by Miklós Horthy's Hungary following the Second Vienna Award. Despite the Romanian administration, the Kingdom of Romania did not formally incorporate Transnistria into its administrative framework; the Nazi-friendly Antonescu government hoped to annex the territory eventually, but developments on the Eastern Front precluded it.

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11

[ "Greek royal family", "replaces", "House of Wittelsbach" ]

The currently deposed Greek royal family (Greek: Βασιλική Οικογένεια της Ελλάδος) was the ruling family of the Kingdom of Greece from 1863 to 1924 and again from 1935 to 1973. The family is a branch of the Danish royal family, itself a branch of the House of Glücksburg. Upon its accession to power, It replaced the House of Wittelsbach that previously ruled Greece from 1832 to 1862. The first monarch was George I of Greece, the second son of King Christian IX of Denmark. The current head of the family is Pavlos, who assumed the role upon the death of his father, former King Constantine II on 10 January 2023. With the 1974 Greek republic referendum and Article 4 of the Constitution of Greece, all family members have been stripped of their honorific titles and the associated royal status. Many family members born after 1974 still use the titles "Prince of Greece" and "Princess of Greece" to describe themselves, but such descriptions are neither conferred nor legally recognised by the Greek state as nobility titles. The family accepts that these terms are not nobility titles, but rather personal identifiers.

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0

[ "Greek royal family", "topic's main category", "Category:Greek royalty" ]

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2

[ "Transitional Federal Government of Somalia", "replaces", "Transitional National Government" ]

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5

[ "Sozopol", "replaces", "Apollonia Pontica" ]

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4

[ "Sozopol", "topic's main category", "Category:Sozopol" ]

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24

[ "Svenska kraftnät", "replaces", "Vattenfall" ]

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3

[ "Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin", "replaces", "Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin" ]

The Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (German: Freistaat Mecklenburg-Schwerin) was a state in the Weimar Republic that was established on 14 November 1918 upon the abdication of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin following the German Revolution. In 1933, after the onset of Nazi rule, it was united with the smaller neighbouring Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz to form the new united state of Mecklenburg on 1 January 1934.

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5

[ "Teutonic Order", "owner of", "Duitse Huis" ]

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15

[ "Teutonic Order", "owner of", "Insterburg Castle" ]

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17

[ "Teutonic Order", "owner of", "Brandenburg Castle" ]

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18

[ "Teutonic Order", "replaces", "Livonian Brothers of the Sword" ]

Livonia After suffering a devastating defeat in the Battle of Saule, the Livonian Brothers of the Sword were absorbed by the Teutonic Knights in 1237. The Livonian branch subsequently became known as the Livonian Order. Attempts to expand into Rus' failed when the Knights suffered a major defeat in 1242 in the Battle of the Ice at the hands of Prince Alexander Nevsky of Novgorod. Over the next decades the Order focused on the subjugation of the Curonians and Semigallians. In 1260 it suffered a disastrous defeat in the Battle of Durbe against Samogitians, and this inspired rebellions throughout Prussia and Livonia. After the Knights won a crucial victory in the Siege of Königsberg from 1262 to 1265, the war had reached a turning point. The Curonians were finally subjugated in 1267 and the Semigallians in 1290. The Order suppressed a major Estonian rebellion in 1343–1345, and in 1346 purchased the Duchy of Estonia from Denmark.

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20

[ "Teutonic Order", "topic's main category", "Category:Teutonic Order" ]

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28

[ "Teutonic Order", "founded by", "Heinrich Walpot von Bassenheim" ]

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41

[ "Zahhak", "replaces", "Jamshid" ]

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4

[ "1st Parachute Division (Germany)", "follows", "7th Flieger Division" ]

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5

[ "1st Parachute Division (Germany)", "replaces", "7th Flieger Division" ]

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6

[ ".cz", "replaces", ".cs" ]

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5

[ "White émigré", "replaces", "White movement" ]

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0

[ "White émigré", "different from", "White Russia" ]

White Russian émigrés were Russians who emigrated from the territory of the former Russian Empire in the wake of the Russian Revolution (1917) and Russian Civil War (1917–1923), and who were in opposition to the revolutionary Bolshevik communist Russian political climate. Many White Russian émigrés participated in the White movement or supported it. The term is often broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change in regimes. Some Russian émigrés, like Mensheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries, were opposed to the Bolsheviks but had not directly supported the White Russian movement; some were apolitical. The term is also applied to the descendants of those who left and who still retain a Russian Orthodox Christian identity while living abroad.The term "émigré" is most commonly used in France, the United States, and the United Kingdom. A term preferred by the émigrés themselves was first-wave émigré (Russian: эмигрант первой волны, emigrant pervoy volny), "Russian émigrés" (Russian: русская эмиграция, russkaya emigratsiya) or "Russian military émigrés" (Russian: русская военная эмиграция, russkaya voyennaya emigratsiya) if they participated in the White Russian movement. In the Soviet Union, white émigré (белоэмигрант, byeloemigrant) generally had negative connotations. Since the end of the 1980s, the term "first-wave émigré" has become more common in Russia. In East Asia, White Russian (Chinese: 白俄, Japanese: 白系ロシア人, 白系露人) is the term most commonly used for such Russian émigrés, although some have been of Ukrainian and other ethnicities, and were not culturally Russians.Most white émigrés left Russia from 1917 to 1920 (estimates vary between 900,000 and 2 million). Some managed to leave during the 1920s and 1930s, or were expelled by the Soviet government (such as, for example, Pitirim Sorokin and Ivan Ilyin). They spanned all classes and included military soldiers and officers, Cossacks, intellectuals of various professions, dispossessed businessmen and landowners, as well as officials of the Russian Imperial government and of various anti-Bolshevik governments of the Russian Civil War period. They were not only ethnic Russians but belonged to other ethnic groups as well.

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1

[ "White émigré", "topic's main category", "Category:White Russian emigration" ]

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4

[ "Resource Description and Access", "replaces", "Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules" ]

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0

[ "Resource Description and Access", "replaces", "Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung" ]

See also International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) MAchine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) Regeln für die alphabetische Katalogisierung (RAK) Dublin Core Library Reference Model

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3

[ "Resource Description and Access", "used by", "cataloger" ]

Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a standard for descriptive cataloging initially released in June 2010, providing instructions and guidelines on formulating bibliographic data. Intended for use by libraries and other cultural organizations such as museums and archives, RDA is the successor to Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2).Background RDA emerged from the International Conference on the Principles & Future Development of AACR held in Toronto in 1997. It is published jointly by the American Library Association, the Canadian Federation of Library Associations, and the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) in the United Kingdom. Maintenance of RDA is the responsibility of the RDA Steering Committee (RSC). As of 2015, RSC is undergoing a transition to an international governance structure, expected to be in place in 2019.RDA instructions and guidelines are available through RDA Toolkit, an online subscription service, and in a print format. RDA training materials and texts are available online and in print.Features RDA is a package of data elements, guidelines, and instructions for creating library and cultural heritage resource metadata that are well-formed according to international models for user-focused linked data applications. The underlying conceptual models for RDA are the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD), and Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD) maintained by IFLA, and will be compliant with the Library Reference Model, the IFLA standard that consolidates them.RDA Vocabularies RDA Vocabularies is a representation of the RDA entities, elements, relationship designators, and controlled terms in RDF (Resource Description Framework). The Vocabularies are intended to support linked data applications using RDA. They are maintained in the Open Metadata Registry, a metadata registry, and released via GitHub and the RDA Registry. The human-readable labels, definitions, and other textual annotations in the Vocabularies are known as RDA Reference. The RDA Reference data are used in the production of RDA Toolkit content.The RDA Vocabularies and RDA Reference are available under an open license.

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4

[ "Computer-aided design", "replaces", "French curve" ]

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5

[ "Computer-aided design", "different from", "desktop publishing" ]

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6

[ "Computer-aided design", "replaces", "drawing board" ]

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7

[ "Computer-aided design", "topic's main category", "Category:Computer-aided design" ]

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9

[ "Computer-aided design", "uses", "computer-aided design software" ]

Overview Computer-aided design is one of the many tools used by engineers and designers and is used in many ways depending on the profession of the user and the type of software in question. CAD is one part of the whole digital product development (DPD) activity within the product lifecycle management (PLM) processes, and as such is used together with other tools, which are either integrated modules or stand-alone products, such as:List of software packages CAD software enables engineers and architects to design, inspect and manage engineering projects within an integrated graphical user interface (GUI) on a personal computer system. Most applications support solid modeling with boundary representation (B-Rep) and NURBS geometry, and enable the same to be published in a variety of formats.Based on market statistics, commercial software from Autodesk, Dassault Systems, Siemens PLM Software, and PTC dominate the CAD industry. The following is a list of major CAD applications, grouped by usage statistics.

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[ "U5 (Berlin U-Bahn)", "replaces", "U55" ]

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6

[ "U5 (Berlin U-Bahn)", "different from", "U5" ]

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7

[ "U5 (Berlin U-Bahn)", "topic's main category", "Category:U-Bahnlinie U5 (Berlin)" ]

Route Line U5 connects Moabit with the large housing estate of Hellersdorf and the Brandenburg town of Hönow, but ends just outside the eastern city limits of Berlin. It begins at Berlin Hauptbahnhof (central station) and heads southeast under the Spree river, the Spreebogenpark and the Platz der Republik to Brandenburg Gate. From there it follows Unter den Linden, crossing line 6 at Friedrichstraße. After Museumsinsel station, the line runs under Rathausstraße, passing under the Humboldt Forum. After leaving Alexanderplatz, it takes a sharp right turn under Karl-Marx-Allee. It follows that street (which becomes Frankfurter Allee after Frankfurter Tor station) for several stations in a straight line in an easterly direction and crosses the Berliner Ringbahn at Frankfurter Allee station. From Berlin-Lichtenberg station, where it passes under the S-Bahn and the Berlin–Küstrin-Kietz railway, the line swings to the southeast. It runs under Einbecker Straße and then past the Friedrichsfelde workshop to Tierpark station. In a sharp left turn, the U5 bypasses Tierpark Berlin (a zoo) and reaches its southernmost point at this point. It turns to the northeast and reaches the surface for the first time. Now above ground, the U5 runs through Biesdorf-Süd. It crosses Köpenicker Straße at Elsterwerdaer Platz station and a little later the street of Alt-Biesdorf, which forms part of both federal highways B 1 and B 5. It crosses the S-Bahn line and the Berlin–Küstrin-Kietz railway again at Wuhletal station. The line then runs underground along Gülzower Straße for a short distance. After a sweeping left turn, the U-Bahn resurfaces before Kaulsdorf-Nord station and runs north and later north-east. The line runs next to Hellersdorfer Straße as far as Hellersdorf, continuing to Louis-Lewin-Straße station and then running next to Böhlener Straße. Right on the city limits, but still within territory of Berlin, the U5 line ends at Hönow station, the easternmost point of the Berlin U-Bahn network at Mahlsdorfer Straße on the edge of Hönow.

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14

[ "Intragna", "replaces", "Rasa" ]

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6

[ "Legio IV Flavia Felix", "topic's main category", "Category:Legio IIII Flavia Felix" ]

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1

[ "Legio IV Flavia Felix", "replaces", "Legio IV Macedonica" ]

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3

[ "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "replaces", "Fatimid Caliphate" ]

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11

[ "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "significant event", "Siege of Jerusalem" ]

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17

[ "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "topic's main category", "Category:Kingdom of Jerusalem" ]

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20

[ "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "follows", "early Islamic period in Palestine" ]

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21

[ "Territory of Alaska", "followed by", "Alaska" ]

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2

[ "Territory of Alaska", "replaces", "District of Alaska" ]

The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the Department of Alaska, 1867–1884; and the District of Alaska, 1884–1912.Origin Passage of the 1899 Criminal Code which, among other things, included a tax on liquor, led to increased calls for Alaskan representation in Congress, and the debate finally ended on August 24, 1912, when the Alaska District became an organized, incorporated territory of the United States. The Second Organic Act of 1912 renamed the District to the Territory of Alaska. By 1916, its population was about 58,000. James Wickersham, a Delegate to Congress, introduced Alaska's first statehood bill, but it failed for lack of interest from Alaskans. Even President Warren G. Harding's unprecedented visit in 1923 (just days before his death) could not create widespread interest in statehood. Under the conditions of the Second Organic Act, Alaska had been split into four divisions. The most populous of the divisions, whose capital was Juneau, wondered if it could become a separate state from the other three. Government control was a primary concern, with the territory having 52 federal agencies governing it.

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8

[ "Territory of Alaska", "follows", "Department of Alaska" ]

The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the Department of Alaska, 1867–1884; and the District of Alaska, 1884–1912.

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11