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19,551,145 | Does raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein protect cells against locostatin-mediated inhibition of migration? | {
"contexts": [
"Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP, also PEBP1), a member of the Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein family, negatively regulates growth factor signaling by the Raf/MAP kinase pathway. Since an organic compound, locostatin, was reported to bind RKIP and inhibit cell migration by a Raf-dependent mechanism, we addressed the role of RKIP in locostatin function.",
"We analyzed locostatin interaction with RKIP and examined the biological consequences of locostatin binding on RKIP function. NMR studies show that a locostatin precursor binds to the conserved phosphatidylethanolamine binding pocket of RKIP. However, drug binding to the pocket does not prevent RKIP association with its inhibitory target, Raf-1, nor affect RKIP phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C at a regulatory site. Similarly, exposure of wild type, RKIP-depleted HeLa cells or RKIP-deficient (RKIP(-/-)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to locostatin has no effect on MAP kinase activation. Locostatin treatment of wild type MEFs causes inhibition of cell migration following wounding. RKIP deficiency impairs migration further, indicating that RKIP protects cells against locostatin-mediated inhibition of migration. Locostatin treatment of depleted or RKIP(-/-) MEFs reveals cytoskeletal disruption and microtubule abnormalities in the spindle."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Movement",
"Cytoskeleton",
"Fibroblasts",
"HeLa Cells",
"Humans",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Mice",
"Models, Biological",
"Oxazolidinones",
"Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein",
"Protein Binding",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf",
"Rats",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | These results suggest that locostatin's effects on cytoskeletal structure and migration are caused through mechanisms independent of its binding to RKIP and Raf/MAP kinase signaling. The protective effect of RKIP against drug inhibition of migration suggests a new role for RKIP in potentially sequestering toxic compounds that may have deleterious effects on cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein protect cells against locostatin-mediated inhibition of migration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Raf Kinase Inhibitory Protein (RKIP, also PEBP1), a member of the Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein family, negatively regulates growth factor signaling by the Raf/MAP kinase pathway. Since an organic compound, locostatin, was reported to bind RKIP and inhibit cell migration by a Raf-dependent mechanism, we addressed the role of RKIP in locostatin function.', 'We analyzed locostatin interaction with RKIP and examined the biological consequences of locostatin binding on RKIP function. NMR studies show that a locostatin precursor binds to the conserved phosphatidylethanolamine binding pocket of RKIP. However, drug binding to the pocket does not prevent RKIP association with its inhibitory target, Raf-1, nor affect RKIP phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C at a regulatory site. Similarly, exposure of wild type, RKIP-depleted HeLa cells or RKIP-deficient (RKIP(-/-)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to locostatin has no effect on MAP kinase activation. Locostatin treatment of wild type MEFs causes inhibition of cell migration following wounding. RKIP deficiency impairs migration further, indicating that RKIP protects cells against locostatin-mediated inhibition of migration. Locostatin treatment of depleted or RKIP(-/-) MEFs reveals cytoskeletal disruption and microtubule abnormalities in the spindle.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cytoskeleton', 'Fibroblasts', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Oxazolidinones', 'Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein', 'Protein Binding', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf', 'Rats', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,081 | Are reactive oxidative metabolites associated with atrial conduction disturbance in patients with atrial fibrillation? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative stress is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, little is known about the relationship between serum markers of oxidation and electrical activity in patients with AF.",
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between serum markers of reactive oxidative metabolism and atrial remodeling in paroxysmal and persistent AF.",
"Derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites (DROM), an index of oxidative stress, were measured in 306 consecutive patients with AF (225 paroxysmal, 81 persistent) undergoing radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation. Filtered P-wave duration by P-wave signal-averaged ECG and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) as an inflammatory marker also were measured.",
"Patients were followed up for 1.2 +/- 0.8 years. DROM levels in patients with persistent AF were significantly higher than in patients with paroxysmal AF (341.6 +/- 85.5 Carratelli [Carr] units vs 305.0 +/- 77.7 Carr units, P <.001). DROM levels showed a tighter, positive correlation with filtered P-wave duration in persistent AF patients (r = 0.56, P <.001) than in all AF patients (r = 0.13, P <.05). DROM levels also showed a weaker but significant correlation with high-sensitivity CRP in patients with AF. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the highest quartile of basal DROM levels exhibited a significantly higher AF recurrence rate after RF catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal AF (P <.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Atrial Fibrillation",
"Biomarkers",
"Female",
"Heart Atria",
"Heart Conduction System",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Reactive Oxygen Species"
]
} | Serum markers of oxidative stress reflect atrial conduction disturbance and predict AF recurrence after RF catheter ablation in paroxysmal AF patients. DROM could serve as a biomarker for predicting risk of AF recurrence after RF catheter ablation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are reactive oxidative metabolites associated with atrial conduction disturbance in patients with atrial fibrillation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oxidative stress is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, little is known about the relationship between serum markers of oxidation and electrical activity in patients with AF.', 'The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association between serum markers of reactive oxidative metabolism and atrial remodeling in paroxysmal and persistent AF.', 'Derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites (DROM), an index of oxidative stress, were measured in 306 consecutive patients with AF (225 paroxysmal, 81 persistent) undergoing radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation. Filtered P-wave duration by P-wave signal-averaged ECG and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) as an inflammatory marker also were measured.', 'Patients were followed up for 1.2 +/- 0.8 years. DROM levels in patients with persistent AF were significantly higher than in patients with paroxysmal AF (341.6 +/- 85.5 Carratelli [Carr] units vs 305.0 +/- 77.7 Carr units, P <.001). DROM levels showed a tighter, positive correlation with filtered P-wave duration in persistent AF patients (r = 0.56, P <.001) than in all AF patients (r = 0.13, P <.05). DROM levels also showed a weaker but significant correlation with high-sensitivity CRP in patients with AF. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the highest quartile of basal DROM levels exhibited a significantly higher AF recurrence rate after RF catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal AF (P <.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,559,690 | Is lymphocyte transformation test helpful for the diagnosis of methotrexate-induced pneumonitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"The pathophysiology underlying methotrexate (MTX)-induced pneumonitis has been considered as a hypersensitive reaction. The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is frequently used to detect hypersensitivity. Whereas previous reports have proposed that the LTT is not ideal to detect hypersensitivity to MTX, it has not been directly confirmed.",
"Forty rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (24 patients currently taking MTX and 16 patients with a past history of MTX administration) and 13 healthy subjects were recruited. LTT with MTX was used to assess thymidine incorporation. An MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) assay was also performed. The mitogenic activity was expressed as the Stimulatory Index (SI). The activity of RA was assessed by the disease activity score 28 (DAS28).",
"In the presence of MTX, the SI measured by the LTT and by the MTS assay showed an inverse correlation. The presence of MTX significantly elevated the SI values measured by the LTT. However, the SI values were significantly lower in RA patients currently taking MTX than those of patients not currently taking MTX, although DAS28 was not different. Furthermore, a past history of MTX-induced pneumonitis did not affect the SI values."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Humans",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Methotrexate",
"Pneumonia",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Tetrazolium Salts",
"Thiazoles",
"Time Factors"
]
} | LTT with MTX in RA patients is not appropriate to detect MTX-induced pneumonitis. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is lymphocyte transformation test helpful for the diagnosis of methotrexate-induced pneumonitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The pathophysiology underlying methotrexate (MTX)-induced pneumonitis has been considered as a hypersensitive reaction. The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is frequently used to detect hypersensitivity. Whereas previous reports have proposed that the LTT is not ideal to detect hypersensitivity to MTX, it has not been directly confirmed.', 'Forty rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (24 patients currently taking MTX and 16 patients with a past history of MTX administration) and 13 healthy subjects were recruited. LTT with MTX was used to assess thymidine incorporation. An MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) assay was also performed. The mitogenic activity was expressed as the Stimulatory Index (SI). The activity of RA was assessed by the disease activity score 28 (DAS28).', 'In the presence of MTX, the SI measured by the LTT and by the MTS assay showed an inverse correlation. The presence of MTX significantly elevated the SI values measured by the LTT. However, the SI values were significantly lower in RA patients currently taking MTX than those of patients not currently taking MTX, although DAS28 was not different. Furthermore, a past history of MTX-induced pneumonitis did not affect the SI values.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Methotrexate', 'Pneumonia', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,559,691 | Is quantitative UPLC-MS/MS analysis of underivatised amino acids in body fluids a reliable tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with inborn errors of metabolism? | {
"contexts": [
"An electro-spray ionisation ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) application for the quantitative analysis of amino acids was developed. The suitability for the detection and follow-up of patients suffering from inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) was assessed by extensive cross-validation with ion-exchange liquid chromatography (IEX-LC) with post-column ninhydrin derivatisation, participation in external quality control (ERNDIM) and analysis of samples of patients with confirmed IEM.",
"Prior to analysis plasma and urine samples were merely diluted 150-fold in mobile phase. Amino acids were detected in the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) in the ESI-positive mode. The analytical results were compared with IEX-LC. External quality control scheme performance is presented.",
"Comprehensive analysis of amino acids in plasma and urine was achieved with a run-to-run time of 30min. Validation results were satisfactory and there was a very good correlation between UPLC-MS/MS and IEX-LC. Analytical results obtained in the external quality control scheme were essentially the same as those of the other participants. Patients suffering from IEM were readily identified."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Amino Acids",
"Analytic Sample Preparation Methods",
"Blood Chemical Analysis",
"Body Fluids",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Metabolism, Inborn Errors",
"Middle Aged",
"Quality Control",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Tandem Mass Spectrometry",
"Urinalysis"
]
} | UPLC-MS/MS analysis of amino acids in body fluids is rapid, reliable and suitable for the diagnosis and follow-up patients with IEM. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is quantitative UPLC-MS/MS analysis of underivatised amino acids in body fluids a reliable tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with inborn errors of metabolism?\nContext: {'contexts': ['An electro-spray ionisation ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) application for the quantitative analysis of amino acids was developed. The suitability for the detection and follow-up of patients suffering from inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) was assessed by extensive cross-validation with ion-exchange liquid chromatography (IEX-LC) with post-column ninhydrin derivatisation, participation in external quality control (ERNDIM) and analysis of samples of patients with confirmed IEM.', 'Prior to analysis plasma and urine samples were merely diluted 150-fold in mobile phase. Amino acids were detected in the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) in the ESI-positive mode. The analytical results were compared with IEX-LC. External quality control scheme performance is presented.', 'Comprehensive analysis of amino acids in plasma and urine was achieved with a run-to-run time of 30min. Validation results were satisfactory and there was a very good correlation between UPLC-MS/MS and IEX-LC. Analytical results obtained in the external quality control scheme were essentially the same as those of the other participants. Patients suffering from IEM were readily identified.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amino Acids', 'Analytic Sample Preparation Methods', 'Blood Chemical Analysis', 'Body Fluids', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Metabolism, Inborn Errors', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality Control', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tandem Mass Spectrometry', 'Urinalysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,558,891 | Does [ Edaravone protect hearing from acute acoustic trauma in guinea pigs ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether the free radical scavenger, edaravone, could provide protection from oxidative stress and hearing loss induced by noise exposure.",
"Forty-eight guinea pigs were divided into six groups and exposure to a stationary noise at 125 dB SPL for 2 h only once. Group A: measured hearing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level without noise exposure. Group B: intratympanic saline injection. Group C: intratympanic edaravone injection. Group D: exposed to noise for 2 h. Group E: intravenous edaravone injection after noise exposure. Group F: intratympanic edaravone injection after noise exposure. All animals of group D, E and F were measured hearing with ABR before noise exposure, immediately after noise exposure and at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h after noise exposure, and then were decapitated for ROS measurement with electron spin resonance technology.",
"After noise exposure, the ABR threshold of group D increased immediately after acute acoustic trauma and did not get right finally, while group F came back about 10 dB SPL. The normal level of ROS in the cochlea of guinea pigs was about 21.68 (cm/g) and significantly increased after acute acoustic trauma, reaching its peak in 2h, and didn't return to normal after 72 h. Group E did not inhibit free radicals, while group F showed significant effect on inhibiting production of free radicals."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antipyrine",
"Auditory Threshold",
"Cochlea",
"Ear, Middle",
"Edaravone",
"Female",
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"Guinea Pigs",
"Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Reactive Oxygen Species"
]
} | The level of ROS in cochlea were decreased significantly after intratympanic edaravone injection. The mechanism may due to its effective clearance of the ROS in cochlea. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Edaravone protect hearing from acute acoustic trauma in guinea pigs ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess whether the free radical scavenger, edaravone, could provide protection from oxidative stress and hearing loss induced by noise exposure.', 'Forty-eight guinea pigs were divided into six groups and exposure to a stationary noise at 125 dB SPL for 2 h only once. Group A: measured hearing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level without noise exposure. Group B: intratympanic saline injection. Group C: intratympanic edaravone injection. Group D: exposed to noise for 2 h. Group E: intravenous edaravone injection after noise exposure. Group F: intratympanic edaravone injection after noise exposure. All animals of group D, E and F were measured hearing with ABR before noise exposure, immediately after noise exposure and at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h after noise exposure, and then were decapitated for ROS measurement with electron spin resonance technology.', \"After noise exposure, the ABR threshold of group D increased immediately after acute acoustic trauma and did not get right finally, while group F came back about 10 dB SPL. The normal level of ROS in the cochlea of guinea pigs was about 21.68 (cm/g) and significantly increased after acute acoustic trauma, reaching its peak in 2h, and didn't return to normal after 72 h. Group E did not inhibit free radicals, while group F showed significant effect on inhibiting production of free radicals.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antipyrine', 'Auditory Threshold', 'Cochlea', 'Ear, Middle', 'Edaravone', 'Female', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Reactive Oxygen Species']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,722 | Does increased ratio of mRNA expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 indicate autonomous cortisol production in adrenocortical tumors? | {
"contexts": [
"Due to increased use of imaging techniques, adrenal incidentalomas are frequently detected. The majority are non-hyperfunctioning adrenocortical tumors. We have previously shown that expression of the gene CYP17, coding for the enzyme in the cortisol pathway, correlates with cortisol release from adrenocortical tumors in vitro. The aim of this study was to compare clinical data with mRNA expression of CYP17 and CYP11B1 in adrenocortical tumors from patients with and without Cushing's syndrome and to identify adrenal tumors that may cause subclinical Cushing's syndrome.",
"A retrospective study of 34 patients undergoing adrenalectomy due to an adrenal tumor.",
"Clinical data were collected. In the adrenal gland the mRNA expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 was studied with in situ hybridisation technique.",
"The median ratio of CYP17/CYP11B1 expression in tumors from patients with Cushing's syndrome was significantly higher than the median ratio in the non-hyperfunctioning tumors. Tumors from 2 patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome had ratios within the upper range for non-hyperfunctioning tumors."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms",
"Adrenalectomy",
"Adrenocortical Adenoma",
"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aldosterone",
"Cushing Syndrome",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydrocortisone",
"In Situ Hybridization",
"Incidental Findings",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase",
"Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase"
]
} | The ratio between the expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 in tumors from patients with Cushing's syndrome is significantly higher than in the non-hyperfunctioning tumors. This indicates that 17alpha-hydroxylase is a major determinant of cortisol overproduction. The patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome in this study are too few to draw any firm conclusions although the results suggest that subclinical Cushing's syndrome may be identified post-operatively with this method. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does increased ratio of mRNA expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 indicate autonomous cortisol production in adrenocortical tumors?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Due to increased use of imaging techniques, adrenal incidentalomas are frequently detected. The majority are non-hyperfunctioning adrenocortical tumors. We have previously shown that expression of the gene CYP17, coding for the enzyme in the cortisol pathway, correlates with cortisol release from adrenocortical tumors in vitro. The aim of this study was to compare clinical data with mRNA expression of CYP17 and CYP11B1 in adrenocortical tumors from patients with and without Cushing's syndrome and to identify adrenal tumors that may cause subclinical Cushing's syndrome.\", 'A retrospective study of 34 patients undergoing adrenalectomy due to an adrenal tumor.', 'Clinical data were collected. In the adrenal gland the mRNA expression of the genes CYP17 and CYP11B1 was studied with in situ hybridisation technique.', \"The median ratio of CYP17/CYP11B1 expression in tumors from patients with Cushing's syndrome was significantly higher than the median ratio in the non-hyperfunctioning tumors. Tumors from 2 patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome had ratios within the upper range for non-hyperfunctioning tumors.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms', 'Adrenalectomy', 'Adrenocortical Adenoma', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aldosterone', 'Cushing Syndrome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Incidental Findings', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase', 'Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,377 | Does ganoderma lucidum induce the expression of CD40/CD86 on peripheral blood monocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The major immuno-modulating effects of Ganoderma lucidum include mitogenicity and activation of immune effector cells such as T cells, macrophages and natural killer cells resulting in the production of cytokines.",
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD40 and CD80 by G. lucidum-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.",
"Monocytes were isolated and incubated at 37 C and 5% CO2 for 24 h and 48 h in the presence or absence of different concentrations of G. lucidum. Cells were then incubated with labelled monoclonal antibodies against CD14, CD40 and B7-1(CD80) molecules utilizing standard protocols, and analyzed by flow cytometry.",
"The results showed that incubation of monocytes with G. lucidum led to marked enhancement of CD40 and B7-1 expression in a dose- and time- dependent manner (p<0.001). G. lucidum was more effective in enhancing the expression of CD80 and CD40 molecules of cells obtained from females than male donors (p<0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antigens, Differentiation",
"B7-2 Antigen",
"CD40 Antigens",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Immunophenotyping",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasms",
"Phytotherapy",
"Plant Extracts",
"Reishi",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | G. lucidum enhanced the expression of CD40 and CD80 molecules on peripheral blood monocytic cells derived from both sexes in a dose-dependent manner, with a preferential higher effect on cells obtained from female donors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ganoderma lucidum induce the expression of CD40/CD86 on peripheral blood monocytes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The major immuno-modulating effects of Ganoderma lucidum include mitogenicity and activation of immune effector cells such as T cells, macrophages and natural killer cells resulting in the production of cytokines.', 'The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD40 and CD80 by G. lucidum-treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.', 'Monocytes were isolated and incubated at 37 C and 5% CO2 for 24 h and 48 h in the presence or absence of different concentrations of G. lucidum. Cells were then incubated with labelled monoclonal antibodies against CD14, CD40 and B7-1(CD80) molecules utilizing standard protocols, and analyzed by flow cytometry.', 'The results showed that incubation of monocytes with G. lucidum led to marked enhancement of CD40 and B7-1 expression in a dose- and time- dependent manner (p<0.001). G. lucidum was more effective in enhancing the expression of CD80 and CD40 molecules of cells obtained from females than male donors (p<0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'B7-2 Antigen', 'CD40 Antigens', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Phytotherapy', 'Plant Extracts', 'Reishi', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,567,793 | Does usability testing found problems for novice users of pediatric portals? | {
"contexts": [
"Patient portals may improve pediatric chronic disease outcomes, but few have been rigorously evaluated for usability by parents. Using scenario-based testing with think-aloud protocols, we evaluated the usability of portals for parents of children with cystic fibrosis, diabetes or arthritis. DESIGN Sixteen parents used a prototype and test data to complete 14 tasks followed by a validated satisfaction questionnaire. Three iterations of the prototype were used.",
"During the usability testing, we measured the time it took participants to complete or give up on each task. Sessions were videotaped and content-analyzed for common themes. Following testing, participants completed the Computer Usability Satisfaction Questionnaire which measured their opinions on the efficiency of the system, its ease of use, and the likeability of the system interface. A 7-point Likert scale was used, with seven indicating the highest possible satisfaction.",
"Mean task completion times ranged from 73 (+/- 61) seconds to locate a document to 431 (+/- 286) seconds to graph laboratory results. Tasks such as graphing, location of data, requesting access, and data interpretation were challenging. Satisfaction was greatest for interface pleasantness (5.9 +/- 0.7) and likeability (5.8 +/- 0.6) and lowest for error messages (2.3 +/- 1.2) and clarity of information (4.2 +/- 1.4). Overall mean satisfaction scores improved between iteration one and three."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Arthritis, Juvenile",
"Consumer Behavior",
"Cystic Fibrosis",
"Diabetes Mellitus",
"Female",
"Health Records, Personal",
"Humans",
"Internet",
"Male",
"Ohio",
"Parents",
"Program Evaluation",
"User-Computer Interface"
]
} | Despite parental involvement and prior heuristic testing, scenario-based testing demonstrated difficulties in navigation, medical language complexity, error recovery, and provider-based organizational schema. While such usability testing can be expensive, the current study demonstrates that it can assist in making healthcare system interfaces for laypersons more user-friendly and potentially more functional for patients and their families. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does usability testing found problems for novice users of pediatric portals?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Patient portals may improve pediatric chronic disease outcomes, but few have been rigorously evaluated for usability by parents. Using scenario-based testing with think-aloud protocols, we evaluated the usability of portals for parents of children with cystic fibrosis, diabetes or arthritis. DESIGN Sixteen parents used a prototype and test data to complete 14 tasks followed by a validated satisfaction questionnaire. Three iterations of the prototype were used.', 'During the usability testing, we measured the time it took participants to complete or give up on each task. Sessions were videotaped and content-analyzed for common themes. Following testing, participants completed the Computer Usability Satisfaction Questionnaire which measured their opinions on the efficiency of the system, its ease of use, and the likeability of the system interface. A 7-point Likert scale was used, with seven indicating the highest possible satisfaction.', 'Mean task completion times ranged from 73 (+/- 61) seconds to locate a document to 431 (+/- 286) seconds to graph laboratory results. Tasks such as graphing, location of data, requesting access, and data interpretation were challenging. Satisfaction was greatest for interface pleasantness (5.9 +/- 0.7) and likeability (5.8 +/- 0.6) and lowest for error messages (2.3 +/- 1.2) and clarity of information (4.2 +/- 1.4). Overall mean satisfaction scores improved between iteration one and three.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Consumer Behavior', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Health Records, Personal', 'Humans', 'Internet', 'Male', 'Ohio', 'Parents', 'Program Evaluation', 'User-Computer Interface']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,269 | Are nocturnal enuresis and overweight associated with obstructive sleep apnea? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), body weight (BMI percentage [BMI%]), and monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) in children.",
"A case-control study design was used. All children were 5 to 15 years of age; case patients were recruited from a comprehensive sleep disorders center (n = 149), and control subjects were recruited from a general pediatric practice in the same catchment area (n = 139). Case patients were subject to overnight polysomnograms and grouped into apnea severity categories (minimal, mild, moderate, or severe) on the basis of respiratory disturbance index and minimum arterial oxygen saturation levels. Data for all children included age; gender; height; weight; and history of MNE, snoring, diabetes, nasal allergies, and/or enlarged tonsils. BMI% was used to group children into weight categories as suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (underweight, normal weight, at risk for overweight, and overweight). Two age groupings were created (5-10 years and 11-15 years). Descriptive statistics provided the prevalence of OSA, weight category, and MNE among case patients and control subjects. Cross-tabulations examined the relationship of severity of OSA with weight categories and MNE, stratified by age and gender. A series of logistic regression models explored the interrelationship of the grouping variables.",
"A large majority (79.9%) of control subjects were at risk for overweight, and a large majority (80.0%) of children with MNE also had some degree of OSA. Logistic regression demonstrated that both MNE (odds ratio: 5.29) and overweight (odds ratio 4.16) were significantly associated with OSA but not with each other."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Body Mass Index",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Comorbidity",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Nocturnal Enuresis",
"Overweight",
"Prevalence",
"Risk Factors",
"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive",
"Sleep Arousal Disorders"
]
} | Overweight and MNE are associated with OSA but not with each other. OSA should be considered in overweight children with MNE, especially when they display other symptoms of OSA or fail to respond to standard MNE treatment programs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are nocturnal enuresis and overweight associated with obstructive sleep apnea?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), body weight (BMI percentage [BMI%]), and monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) in children.', 'A case-control study design was used. All children were 5 to 15 years of age; case patients were recruited from a comprehensive sleep disorders center (n = 149), and control subjects were recruited from a general pediatric practice in the same catchment area (n = 139). Case patients were subject to overnight polysomnograms and grouped into apnea severity categories (minimal, mild, moderate, or severe) on the basis of respiratory disturbance index and minimum arterial oxygen saturation levels. Data for all children included age; gender; height; weight; and history of MNE, snoring, diabetes, nasal allergies, and/or enlarged tonsils. BMI% was used to group children into weight categories as suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (underweight, normal weight, at risk for overweight, and overweight). Two age groupings were created (5-10 years and 11-15 years). Descriptive statistics provided the prevalence of OSA, weight category, and MNE among case patients and control subjects. Cross-tabulations examined the relationship of severity of OSA with weight categories and MNE, stratified by age and gender. A series of logistic regression models explored the interrelationship of the grouping variables.', 'A large majority (79.9%) of control subjects were at risk for overweight, and a large majority (80.0%) of children with MNE also had some degree of OSA. Logistic regression demonstrated that both MNE (odds ratio: 5.29) and overweight (odds ratio 4.16) were significantly associated with OSA but not with each other.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Body Mass Index', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Nocturnal Enuresis', 'Overweight', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Sleep Arousal Disorders']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,541,010 | Does nonresponse to pre-operative chemotherapy preclude long-term survival after liver resection in patients with colorectal liver metastases? | {
"contexts": [
"Liver resection is the only curative treatment offering a chance of long-term survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRM). Recent data indicated that liver resection in patients with tumor progression while receiving chemotherapy was associated with poor outcome. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for poor outcome in patients with pre-operative chemotherapy of CRM.",
"We analyzed 160 patients after liver resection for CRM with preoperative systemic. chemotherapy. Three groups of patients were identified: 44 patients (27.5%) had a tumor response, 20 (12.5%) showed stable disease, and 96 (60%) patients had tumor progression while on chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 2.4 years (range, 6 days-11.1 years). All available clinicopathologic variables possibly associated with outcome were evaluated.",
"Survival was 88%, 53%, and 37% at 1, 3, and 5 years. Noncurative resection, carcinoembryonic antigen levels >200 ng/ml, tumor grading, size of the largest tumor >5 cm, and number of metastases were associated with poor patient outcome. In the multivariate analysis, tumor free margin and tumor grading correlated with the outcome. Tumor progression while on chemotherapy had no influence on the long-term survival."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols",
"Carcinoembryonic Antigen",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Fluorouracil",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Leucovorin",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Organoplatinum Compounds",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Liver resection offers a long-term survival benefit for patients with CRM, even when tumor growth proceeds during pre-operative chemotherapy. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nonresponse to pre-operative chemotherapy preclude long-term survival after liver resection in patients with colorectal liver metastases?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Liver resection is the only curative treatment offering a chance of long-term survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRM). Recent data indicated that liver resection in patients with tumor progression while receiving chemotherapy was associated with poor outcome. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for poor outcome in patients with pre-operative chemotherapy of CRM.', 'We analyzed 160 patients after liver resection for CRM with preoperative systemic. chemotherapy. Three groups of patients were identified: 44 patients (27.5%) had a tumor response, 20 (12.5%) showed stable disease, and 96 (60%) patients had tumor progression while on chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 2.4 years (range, 6 days-11.1 years). All available clinicopathologic variables possibly associated with outcome were evaluated.', 'Survival was 88%, 53%, and 37% at 1, 3, and 5 years. Noncurative resection, carcinoembryonic antigen levels >200 ng/ml, tumor grading, size of the largest tumor >5 cm, and number of metastases were associated with poor patient outcome. In the multivariate analysis, tumor free margin and tumor grading correlated with the outcome. Tumor progression while on chemotherapy had no influence on the long-term survival.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Leucovorin', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Organoplatinum Compounds', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,542,532 | Does palliative sedation therapy hasten death : results from a prospective multicenter study? | {
"contexts": [
"Palliative sedation therapy (PST) is indicated for and used to control refractory symptoms in cancer patients undergoing palliative care. We aimed to evaluate whether PST has a detrimental effect on survival in terminally ill patients.",
"This multicenter, observational, prospective, nonrandomized population-based study evaluated overall survival in two cohorts of hospice patients, one submitted to palliative sedation (A) and the other managed as per routine hospice practice (B). Cohorts were matched for age class, gender, reason for hospice admission, and Karnofsky performance status.",
"Of the 518 patients enrolled, 267 formed cohort A and 251 cohort B. In total, 25.1% of patients admitted to the participating hospices received PST. Mean and median duration of sedation was 4 (standard deviation 6.0) and 2 days (range 0-43), respectively. Median survival of arm A was 12 days [90% confidence interval (CI) 10-14], while that of arm B was 9 days (90% CI 8-10) (log rank = 0.95, P = 0.330) (unadjusted hazard ratio = 0.92, 90% CI 0.80-1.06)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Female",
"Hospices",
"Humans",
"Hypnotics and Sedatives",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Karnofsky Performance Status",
"Life Tables",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasms",
"Palliative Care",
"Prospective Studies",
"Regression Analysis",
"Stress, Psychological",
"Terminal Care",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | PST does not shorten life when used to relieve refractory symptoms and does not need the doctrine of double effect to justify its use from an ethical point of view. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does palliative sedation therapy hasten death : results from a prospective multicenter study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Palliative sedation therapy (PST) is indicated for and used to control refractory symptoms in cancer patients undergoing palliative care. We aimed to evaluate whether PST has a detrimental effect on survival in terminally ill patients.', 'This multicenter, observational, prospective, nonrandomized population-based study evaluated overall survival in two cohorts of hospice patients, one submitted to palliative sedation (A) and the other managed as per routine hospice practice (B). Cohorts were matched for age class, gender, reason for hospice admission, and Karnofsky performance status.', 'Of the 518 patients enrolled, 267 formed cohort A and 251 cohort B. In total, 25.1% of patients admitted to the participating hospices received PST. Mean and median duration of sedation was 4 (standard deviation 6.0) and 2 days (range 0-43), respectively. Median survival of arm A was 12 days [90% confidence interval (CI) 10-14], while that of arm B was 9 days (90% CI 8-10) (log rank = 0.95, P = 0.330) (unadjusted hazard ratio = 0.92, 90% CI 0.80-1.06).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Hospices', 'Humans', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Karnofsky Performance Status', 'Life Tables', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasms', 'Palliative Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Regression Analysis', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Terminal Care', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,551,681 | Do hLA-DQB1 subtypes predict diabetic retinopathy in patients with type I diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate if diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy despite long disease duration have different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status vs those with an early onset of retinopathy.",
"Retrospective, nonrandomized, masked comparative study. Type 1 diabetic patients with a disease onset before age 30 were recruited to the study. The study population consisted of two groups of diabetic patients: those with normal retinopathy course (retinopathy developed during the first 20 years of diabetes onset) (23 patients) and those with postponed retinopathy (no obvious retinopathy in spite of passing 20 years of diabetes) (19 patients). These groups were matched with regard to level of glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid profile. A group of 23 healthy patients served as controls. HLA-DQB1 typing of blood samples was done using a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method.",
"HLA-DQB1*0201/HLA-DQB1*0501 and HLA-DQB1*0201/HLA-DQB1*0504 haplotypes were more common among type 1 diabetic patients with normal retinopathy course than those with postponed retinopathy (26.1% vs 0.0%; p=0.019). HLA-DQB1*0301 and HLA-DQB1*0304 were less common among those diabetic patients with normal retinopathy course than those with a postponed retinopathy (63.2% vs 34.8%; p=0.067)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Glucose",
"Blood Pressure",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Diabetic Retinopathy",
"Female",
"Gene Frequency",
"HLA-DQ Antigens",
"HLA-DQ beta-Chains",
"Haplotypes",
"Histocompatibility Testing",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Membrane Glycoproteins",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | Some haplotypes seem to predispose diabetic patients to diabetic retinopathy. HLA typing may be beneficial for predicting the prognosis of diabetic retinopathy in younger diabetic patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do hLA-DQB1 subtypes predict diabetic retinopathy in patients with type I diabetes mellitus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate if diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy despite long disease duration have different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status vs those with an early onset of retinopathy.', 'Retrospective, nonrandomized, masked comparative study. Type 1 diabetic patients with a disease onset before age 30 were recruited to the study. The study population consisted of two groups of diabetic patients: those with normal retinopathy course (retinopathy developed during the first 20 years of diabetes onset) (23 patients) and those with postponed retinopathy (no obvious retinopathy in spite of passing 20 years of diabetes) (19 patients). These groups were matched with regard to level of glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid profile. A group of 23 healthy patients served as controls. HLA-DQB1 typing of blood samples was done using a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method.', 'HLA-DQB1*0201/HLA-DQB1*0501 and HLA-DQB1*0201/HLA-DQB1*0504 haplotypes were more common among type 1 diabetic patients with normal retinopathy course than those with postponed retinopathy (26.1% vs 0.0%; p=0.019). HLA-DQB1*0301 and HLA-DQB1*0304 were less common among those diabetic patients with normal retinopathy course than those with a postponed retinopathy (63.2% vs 34.8%; p=0.067).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'HLA-DQ Antigens', 'HLA-DQ beta-Chains', 'Haplotypes', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,042 | Is sleep apnea an independent correlate of erectile and sexual dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked with erectile dysfunction (ED), but it is unknown whether this association is maintained in the presence of other risk factors for ED.",
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ED/sexual dysfunction and polysomnographic measures of sleep apnea in patients with known risk factors for ED.",
"Prospective cross-sectional analysis of 401 male patients undergoing in-lab polysomnography for suspected OSA. Erectile (EF) and sexual function were assessed by the 15-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) questionnaire.",
"Severity of OSA via apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and mean/lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation (SaO(2)). The IIEF-15 including the sexual domains: EF, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction.",
"OSA (AHI > 5/h) was diagnosed in 92% of patients. ED (EF subdomain < or = 25) was present in 69% of patients with, and 34% of patients without OSA (P < 0.001). Multivariate stepwise regression analyses including known risk factors for ED, such as age, obesity, coronary heart disease, peripheral occlusive disease, hypertension, diabetes, prostate surgery, and beta-blocker treatment, and measures of sleep apnea identified mean nocturnal SaO(2) as independently associated with ED (P = 0.002; mean [95% CI] normalized slope 0.126 [0.047; 0.205]). Age (P < 0.001), peripheral occlusive disease (P = 0.001), prostate surgery (P = 0.018), and hypertension (P = 0.021) were confirmed as risk factors for ED, but did not abolish the sleep apnea-associated risk. Similar results were obtained for sexual dysfunction. Logistic regression analysis using the diagnosis of ED (EF subdomain < or = 25) as binary dependent variable confirmed that mean nocturnal SaO(2) (P = 0.012), as well as age (P < 0.001) were independently associated with ED."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Erectile Dysfunction",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Oxygen",
"Penile Erection",
"Polysomnography",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological",
"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive"
]
} | ED and overall sexual dysfunction were highly prevalent in patients with suspected OSA. Irrespective of known risk factors, mean nocturnal SaO(2) was an additional, independent correlate of these dysfunctions, suggesting that OSA-related intermittent nocturnal hypoxemia specifically contributes to their development. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is sleep apnea an independent correlate of erectile and sexual dysfunction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked with erectile dysfunction (ED), but it is unknown whether this association is maintained in the presence of other risk factors for ED.', 'The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ED/sexual dysfunction and polysomnographic measures of sleep apnea in patients with known risk factors for ED.', 'Prospective cross-sectional analysis of 401 male patients undergoing in-lab polysomnography for suspected OSA. Erectile (EF) and sexual function were assessed by the 15-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15) questionnaire.', 'Severity of OSA via apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and mean/lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation (SaO(2)). The IIEF-15 including the sexual domains: EF, intercourse satisfaction, orgasmic function, sexual desire, and overall satisfaction.', 'OSA (AHI > 5/h) was diagnosed in 92% of patients. ED (EF subdomain < or = 25) was present in 69% of patients with, and 34% of patients without OSA (P < 0.001). Multivariate stepwise regression analyses including known risk factors for ED, such as age, obesity, coronary heart disease, peripheral occlusive disease, hypertension, diabetes, prostate surgery, and beta-blocker treatment, and measures of sleep apnea identified mean nocturnal SaO(2) as independently associated with ED (P = 0.002; mean [95% CI] normalized slope 0.126 [0.047; 0.205]). Age (P < 0.001), peripheral occlusive disease (P = 0.001), prostate surgery (P = 0.018), and hypertension (P = 0.021) were confirmed as risk factors for ED, but did not abolish the sleep apnea-associated risk. Similar results were obtained for sexual dysfunction. Logistic regression analysis using the diagnosis of ED (EF subdomain < or = 25) as binary dependent variable confirmed that mean nocturnal SaO(2) (P = 0.012), as well as age (P < 0.001) were independently associated with ED.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen', 'Penile Erection', 'Polysomnography', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,023 | Do retinal vascular occlusions occur more frequently in the more affected eye in exfoliation syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the relationship between retinal vascular occlusions (RVOs) and exfoliation syndrome (XFS) in a cohort of patients with the two conditions.",
"We reviewed the records of patients with XFS with or without glaucoma and any type of RVO between 1983 and 2007. Patients with prior incisional surgery or a history of uveitis were excluded. Data collected included demographics, systemic comorbidities, type of RVO, and intraocular pressure (IOP) before the RVO. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy regarding the presence of exfoliation material on the lens capsule and pupillary margin before the vascular event was used to evaluate the laterality and degree of XFS.",
"We identified 36 patients (mean age 78.4+/-8.3 years, 19 women). Most patients were of European descent (34/36) and 20 (56%) had no prior glaucoma diagnosis. The most common retinal vascular events were central retinal vein occlusion (18/36) and BRVO (10/36). Mean IOP between eyes with (19.5+/-6.5 mm Hg) and without (17.9+/-4.8 mm Hg) RVO was similar (P=0.12). RVOs occurred more commonly in the eye with more pronounced XFS in 92% (33/36) of the cases. A similar agreement was found when considering patients with and without glaucoma separately (94% (15/16) vs90% (18/20); P=0.83). In addition, no difference in the agreement percentage was observed when comparing patients with unilateral XFS (87% (13/15)) with all study patients (P=0.87)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cohort Studies",
"Exfoliation Syndrome",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intraocular Pressure",
"Male",
"Retinal Vein Occlusion",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | Retinal vascular occlusion in patients with XFS occurs most often in the affected or more severely affected eye. As vascular occlusions happened in patients with and without glaucoma in similar proportions, the presence of XFS seems to play an important role in these findings. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do retinal vascular occlusions occur more frequently in the more affected eye in exfoliation syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the relationship between retinal vascular occlusions (RVOs) and exfoliation syndrome (XFS) in a cohort of patients with the two conditions.', 'We reviewed the records of patients with XFS with or without glaucoma and any type of RVO between 1983 and 2007. Patients with prior incisional surgery or a history of uveitis were excluded. Data collected included demographics, systemic comorbidities, type of RVO, and intraocular pressure (IOP) before the RVO. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy regarding the presence of exfoliation material on the lens capsule and pupillary margin before the vascular event was used to evaluate the laterality and degree of XFS.', 'We identified 36 patients (mean age 78.4+/-8.3 years, 19 women). Most patients were of European descent (34/36) and 20 (56%) had no prior glaucoma diagnosis. The most common retinal vascular events were central retinal vein occlusion (18/36) and BRVO (10/36). Mean IOP between eyes with (19.5+/-6.5 mm Hg) and without (17.9+/-4.8 mm Hg) RVO was similar (P=0.12). RVOs occurred more commonly in the eye with more pronounced XFS in 92% (33/36) of the cases. A similar agreement was found when considering patients with and without glaucoma separately (94% (15/16) vs90% (18/20); P=0.83). In addition, no difference in the agreement percentage was observed when comparing patients with unilateral XFS (87% (13/15)) with all study patients (P=0.87).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Exfoliation Syndrome', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Retinal Vein Occlusion', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,319 | Does maternal allopurinol during fetal hypoxia lower cord blood levels of the brain injury marker S-100B? | {
"contexts": [
"Fetal hypoxia is an important determinant of neonatal encephalopathy caused by birth asphyxia, in which hypoxia-induced free radical formation plays an important role.",
"Maternal treatment with allopurinol, will cross the placenta during fetal hypoxia (primary outcome) and reduce S-100B and free radical formation (secondary outcome).",
"In a randomized, double-blind feasibility study, 53 pregnant women in labor (54 fetuses) with a gestational age of >36 weeks and fetal hypoxia, as indicated by abnormal/nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing or fetal scalp pH of <7.20, received 500 mg of allopurinol or placebo intravenously. Severity of fetal hypoxia, brain damage and free radical formation were assessed by arterial cord blood lactate, S-100B and non-protein-bound-iron concentrations, respectively. At birth, maternal and cord blood concentrations of allopurinol and its active metabolite oxypurinol were determined.",
"Allopurinol and oxypurinol concentrations were within the therapeutic range in the mother (allopurinol > 2 mg/L and/or oxypurinol > 4 mg/L) but not always in arterial cord blood. We therefore created 3 groups: a placebo (n = 27), therapeutic allopurinol (n = 15), and subtherapeutic allopurinol group (n = 12). Cord lactate concentration did not differ, but S-100B was significantly lower in the therapeutic allopurinol group compared with the placebo and subtherapeutic allopurinol groups (P < .01). Fewer therapeutic allopurinol cord samples had measurable non-protein-bound iron concentrations compared with placebo (P < .01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Allopurinol",
"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Female",
"Fetal Blood",
"Fetal Hypoxia",
"Fetus",
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"Humans",
"Maternal-Fetal Exchange",
"Nerve Growth Factors",
"Pilot Projects",
"Pregnancy",
"S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit",
"S100 Proteins",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Maternal allopurinol/oxypurinol crosses the placenta during fetal hypoxia. In fetuses/newborns with therapeutic allopurinol/oxypurinol concentrations in cord blood, lower plasma levels of the brain injury marker protein S-100B were detected. A larger allopurinol trial in compromised fetuses at term seems warranted. The allopurinol dosage must be adjusted to achieve therapeutic fetal allopurinol/oxypurinol concentrations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does maternal allopurinol during fetal hypoxia lower cord blood levels of the brain injury marker S-100B?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fetal hypoxia is an important determinant of neonatal encephalopathy caused by birth asphyxia, in which hypoxia-induced free radical formation plays an important role.', 'Maternal treatment with allopurinol, will cross the placenta during fetal hypoxia (primary outcome) and reduce S-100B and free radical formation (secondary outcome).', 'In a randomized, double-blind feasibility study, 53 pregnant women in labor (54 fetuses) with a gestational age of >36 weeks and fetal hypoxia, as indicated by abnormal/nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing or fetal scalp pH of <7.20, received 500 mg of allopurinol or placebo intravenously. Severity of fetal hypoxia, brain damage and free radical formation were assessed by arterial cord blood lactate, S-100B and non-protein-bound-iron concentrations, respectively. At birth, maternal and cord blood concentrations of allopurinol and its active metabolite oxypurinol were determined.', 'Allopurinol and oxypurinol concentrations were within the therapeutic range in the mother (allopurinol > 2 mg/L and/or oxypurinol > 4 mg/L) but not always in arterial cord blood. We therefore created 3 groups: a placebo (n = 27), therapeutic allopurinol (n = 15), and subtherapeutic allopurinol group (n = 12). Cord lactate concentration did not differ, but S-100B was significantly lower in the therapeutic allopurinol group compared with the placebo and subtherapeutic allopurinol groups (P < .01). Fewer therapeutic allopurinol cord samples had measurable non-protein-bound iron concentrations compared with placebo (P < .01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Allopurinol', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Fetal Blood', 'Fetal Hypoxia', 'Fetus', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Humans', 'Maternal-Fetal Exchange', 'Nerve Growth Factors', 'Pilot Projects', 'Pregnancy', 'S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit', 'S100 Proteins', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,313 | Is elevated cerebral pressure passivity associated with prematurity-related intracranial hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"Cerebral pressure passivity is common in sick premature infants and may predispose to germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage (GM/IVH), a lesion with potentially serious consequences. We studied the association between the magnitude of cerebral pressure passivity and GM/IVH.",
"We enrolled infants <32 weeks' gestational age with indwelling mean arterial pressure (MAP) monitoring and excluded infants with known congenital syndromes or antenatal brain injury. We recorded continuous MAP and cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy hemoglobin difference (HbD) signals at 2 Hz for up to 12 hours/day and up to 5 days. Coherence and transfer function analysis between MAP and HbD signals was performed in 3 frequency bands (0.05-0.25, 0.25-0.5, and 0.5-1.0 Hz). Using MAP-HbD gain and clinical variables (including chorioamnionitis, Apgar scores, gestational age, birth weight, neonatal sepsis, and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology II), we built a logistic regression model that best predicts cranial ultrasound abnormalities.",
"In 88 infants (median gestational age: 26 weeks [range 23-30 weeks]), early cranial ultrasound showed GM/IVH in 31 (37%) and parenchymal echodensities in 10 (12%) infants; late cranial ultrasound showed parenchymal abnormalities in 19 (30%) infants. Low-frequency MAP-HbD gain (highest quartile mean) was significantly associated with early GM/IVH but not other ultrasound findings. The most parsimonious model associated with early GM/IVH included only gestational age and MAP-HbD gain."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Pressure",
"Echoencephalography",
"Female",
"Gestational Age",
"Homeostasis",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Premature",
"Infant, Premature, Diseases",
"Infant, Very Low Birth Weight",
"Intracranial Hemorrhages",
"Intracranial Hypertension",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Monitoring, Physiologic",
"Prevalence",
"Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared"
]
} | This novel cerebrovascular monitoring technique allows quantification of cerebral pressure passivity as MAP-HbD gain in premature infants. High MAP-HbD gain is significantly associated with GM/IVH. Precise temporal and causal relationship between MAP-HbD gain and GM/IVH awaits further study. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is elevated cerebral pressure passivity associated with prematurity-related intracranial hemorrhage?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cerebral pressure passivity is common in sick premature infants and may predispose to germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage (GM/IVH), a lesion with potentially serious consequences. We studied the association between the magnitude of cerebral pressure passivity and GM/IVH.', \"We enrolled infants <32 weeks' gestational age with indwelling mean arterial pressure (MAP) monitoring and excluded infants with known congenital syndromes or antenatal brain injury. We recorded continuous MAP and cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy hemoglobin difference (HbD) signals at 2 Hz for up to 12 hours/day and up to 5 days. Coherence and transfer function analysis between MAP and HbD signals was performed in 3 frequency bands (0.05-0.25, 0.25-0.5, and 0.5-1.0 Hz). Using MAP-HbD gain and clinical variables (including chorioamnionitis, Apgar scores, gestational age, birth weight, neonatal sepsis, and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology II), we built a logistic regression model that best predicts cranial ultrasound abnormalities.\", 'In 88 infants (median gestational age: 26 weeks [range 23-30 weeks]), early cranial ultrasound showed GM/IVH in 31 (37%) and parenchymal echodensities in 10 (12%) infants; late cranial ultrasound showed parenchymal abnormalities in 19 (30%) infants. Low-frequency MAP-HbD gain (highest quartile mean) was significantly associated with early GM/IVH but not other ultrasound findings. The most parsimonious model associated with early GM/IVH included only gestational age and MAP-HbD gain.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Pressure', 'Echoencephalography', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Homeostasis', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Infant, Premature, Diseases', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Intracranial Hemorrhages', 'Intracranial Hypertension', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Prevalence', 'Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,310 | Is carbon monoxide a significant mediator of cardiovascular status following preterm birth? | {
"contexts": [
"With male gender as a strong predictor of cardiovascular instability, we hypothesized that gender-specific differences in circulating carbon monoxide levels contributed to dysregulated microvascular function in preterm male infants.",
"Infants born at 24 to 34 weeks of gestation (N = 84) were studied in a regional tertiary neonatal unit. Carboxyhemoglobin levels were measured through spectrophotometry in umbilical arterial blood and at 24, 72, and 120 hours after birth. Microvascular blood flow was determined through laser Doppler flowmetry.",
"Carboxyhemoglobin levels demonstrated a strong inverse relationship with gestational age (r = -0.636; P < .001) and were higher in boys (P = .032). Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in arterial carboxyhemoglobin levels over time (P < .001), with significant between-subjects effects for gestational age (P = .011) and gender (P = .025). Positive correlations with microvascular blood flow at 24 hours of age (r = 0.495; P < .001) and 120 hours of age (r = 0.548; P < .001) were observed. With controlling for gestational age, carboxyhemoglobin levels at 72 hours were greater for infants who died in the first week of life (P = .035)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Carbon Dioxide",
"Carboxyhemoglobin",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Gestational Age",
"Hemodynamics",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Premature",
"Male",
"Premature Birth",
"Regional Blood Flow",
"Sex Factors",
"Spectrophotometry",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | The gestational age- and gender-specific differences in carboxyhemoglobin levels and the relationship with dysregulated microvascular blood flow, a state related to greater illness severity and hypotension, are novel findings not confined solely to sick preterm infants. Both inducible heme oxygenase-dependent and non-heme oxygenase-dependent pathways may initially play a central role in carbon monoxide production, inducing pathophysiologic processes in a gender-specific manner. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is carbon monoxide a significant mediator of cardiovascular status following preterm birth?\nContext: {'contexts': ['With male gender as a strong predictor of cardiovascular instability, we hypothesized that gender-specific differences in circulating carbon monoxide levels contributed to dysregulated microvascular function in preterm male infants.', 'Infants born at 24 to 34 weeks of gestation (N = 84) were studied in a regional tertiary neonatal unit. Carboxyhemoglobin levels were measured through spectrophotometry in umbilical arterial blood and at 24, 72, and 120 hours after birth. Microvascular blood flow was determined through laser Doppler flowmetry.', 'Carboxyhemoglobin levels demonstrated a strong inverse relationship with gestational age (r = -0.636; P < .001) and were higher in boys (P = .032). Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in arterial carboxyhemoglobin levels over time (P < .001), with significant between-subjects effects for gestational age (P = .011) and gender (P = .025). Positive correlations with microvascular blood flow at 24 hours of age (r = 0.495; P < .001) and 120 hours of age (r = 0.548; P < .001) were observed. With controlling for gestational age, carboxyhemoglobin levels at 72 hours were greater for infants who died in the first week of life (P = .035).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Carbon Dioxide', 'Carboxyhemoglobin', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Male', 'Premature Birth', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Sex Factors', 'Spectrophotometry', 'Vasodilation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,314 | Are serum gentamicin concentrations in encephalopathic infants affected by therapeutic hypothermia? | {
"contexts": [
"Mild hypothermia for 72 hours is neuroprotective in newborns with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. A core temperature of 33.5 degrees C might reduce drug clearance leading to potential toxicity. Gentamicin is nephrotoxic and ototoxic at high serum concentrations. No study has investigated the influence of 72 hours of hypothermia on serum gentamicin concentrations (SGCs) in children of any age. We aimed to compare the SGCs in encephalopathic infants who underwent intensive care with therapeutic hypothermia or normothermia.",
"Data were collected retrospectively from 2 NICUs in Bristol, United Kingdom, that offered cooling therapy within clinical trials since 1998. Eligible infants (n = 55) developed grade 2/3 encephalopathy after birth and fulfilled the entry criteria defined in the CoolCap trial. Encephalopathic infants with similar demographic values were either nursed under normothermia or 72 h-hypothermia. Once-daily gentamicin dosage (4-5 mg/kg) was administered, and trough SGC was recorded with corresponding creatinine concentrations. The time and number of omitted drug doses were noted.",
"Mean trough SGC (pre-second dose) and mean plasma creatinine concentrations for both treatment groups were similar (gentamicin: 2.19 +/- 1.7 [hypothermia] and 2.30 +/- 2.0 [normothermia] mg/L; creatinine: 115.6 +/- 42.8 [hypothermia] and 121.0 +/- 45.1 [normothermia] mumol/L). Forty percent of the trough SGCs in both groups were above the recommended trough concentration of 2.0 mg/L. A significant correlation (r(2) = 0.36) was found between high SGCs and impaired renal function assessed by raised plasma creatinine levels regardless of treatment options."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Body Temperature",
"Creatinine",
"Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem",
"Female",
"Gentamicins",
"Humans",
"Hypothermia, Induced",
"Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Kidney Function Tests",
"Male",
"Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | Our data confirm that impaired renal function is strongly associated with high SGCs. Reduced body temperatures do not affect the clearance of gentamicin. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are serum gentamicin concentrations in encephalopathic infants affected by therapeutic hypothermia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Mild hypothermia for 72 hours is neuroprotective in newborns with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. A core temperature of 33.5 degrees C might reduce drug clearance leading to potential toxicity. Gentamicin is nephrotoxic and ototoxic at high serum concentrations. No study has investigated the influence of 72 hours of hypothermia on serum gentamicin concentrations (SGCs) in children of any age. We aimed to compare the SGCs in encephalopathic infants who underwent intensive care with therapeutic hypothermia or normothermia.', 'Data were collected retrospectively from 2 NICUs in Bristol, United Kingdom, that offered cooling therapy within clinical trials since 1998. Eligible infants (n = 55) developed grade 2/3 encephalopathy after birth and fulfilled the entry criteria defined in the CoolCap trial. Encephalopathic infants with similar demographic values were either nursed under normothermia or 72 h-hypothermia. Once-daily gentamicin dosage (4-5 mg/kg) was administered, and trough SGC was recorded with corresponding creatinine concentrations. The time and number of omitted drug doses were noted.', 'Mean trough SGC (pre-second dose) and mean plasma creatinine concentrations for both treatment groups were similar (gentamicin: 2.19 +/- 1.7 [hypothermia] and 2.30 +/- 2.0 [normothermia] mg/L; creatinine: 115.6 +/- 42.8 [hypothermia] and 121.0 +/- 45.1 [normothermia] mumol/L). Forty percent of the trough SGCs in both groups were above the recommended trough concentration of 2.0 mg/L. A significant correlation (r(2) = 0.36) was found between high SGCs and impaired renal function assessed by raised plasma creatinine levels regardless of treatment options.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Body Temperature', 'Creatinine', 'Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem', 'Female', 'Gentamicins', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Kidney Function Tests', 'Male', 'Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,560,946 | Are plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations associated with the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm : a systematic review and meta-analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"To summarise the present evidence for an association between circulating fibrinogen or D-dimer and presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) presence.",
"MEDLINE database was searched to identify all case-control studies that compared plasma fibrinogen or D-dimer concentrations between patients with AAA and subjects without AAA. For each study, data regarding fibrinogen or D-dimer concentrations in both the AAA and control groups were used to generate mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Study-specific estimates were combined using inverse variance-weighted average of logarithmic MDs in both fixed- and random-effects models.",
"Our search identified 10 eligible studies including 834 cases with AAA and 6971 controls without AAA for fibrinogen and six studies including 264 patients with AAA and 403 subjects without AAA for D-dimer. Pooled analysis demonstrated significantly higher fibrinogen (fixed-effects MD, 0.37gl(-1); 95% CI: 0.30-0.44gl(-1)) and D-dimer (random-effects MD: 415.36ngml(-1); 95% CI: 128.97-701.76ngml(-1)) concentrations in the AAA group than those in the control group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | We found that plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations are likely to be higher in cases with AAA than control subjects. Higher plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations may be associated with the presence of AAA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations associated with the presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm : a systematic review and meta-analysis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To summarise the present evidence for an association between circulating fibrinogen or D-dimer and presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) presence.', 'MEDLINE database was searched to identify all case-control studies that compared plasma fibrinogen or D-dimer concentrations between patients with AAA and subjects without AAA. For each study, data regarding fibrinogen or D-dimer concentrations in both the AAA and control groups were used to generate mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Study-specific estimates were combined using inverse variance-weighted average of logarithmic MDs in both fixed- and random-effects models.', 'Our search identified 10 eligible studies including 834 cases with AAA and 6971 controls without AAA for fibrinogen and six studies including 264 patients with AAA and 403 subjects without AAA for D-dimer. Pooled analysis demonstrated significantly higher fibrinogen (fixed-effects MD, 0.37gl(-1); 95% CI: 0.30-0.44gl(-1)) and D-dimer (random-effects MD: 415.36ngml(-1); 95% CI: 128.97-701.76ngml(-1)) concentrations in the AAA group than those in the control group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,325 | Do drosera rotundifolia and Drosera tokaiensis suppress the activation of HMC-1 human mast cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Several Northern Hemisphere Drosera species have been used in the therapy of respiratory tract infections as the traditional medicine Droserae Herba.",
"To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Drosera species and to investigate a substitute material for Droserae Herba, we examined the effect of extracts of Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera tokaiensis and Drosera spatulata on activated T cell membrane (aTc-m)-induced inflammatory gene expression in HMC-1 human mast cells.",
"Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera spatulata and Drosera tokaiensis were collected in Japan. Herbs were extracted with 80% EtOH, and subsequently applied to OASIS HLB column. HMC-1 cells were treated with each Drosera column-adsorbed fraction for 15min, and subsequently added to aTc-m and incubated for 16h. Inflammatory gene and protein expressions were determined by DNA microarray, RT-PCR and Western blotting.",
"Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera tokaiensis fractions, but not the Drosera spatulata fraction, suppressed inflammatory gene expression induced by aTc-m in HMC-1 cells."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Base Sequence",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Line",
"DNA Primers",
"Drosera",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Humans",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Mast Cells",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Plant Extracts",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Species Specificity"
]
} | Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera tokaiensis suppressed activation of HMC-1 cells induced by aTc-m. Since the Drosera tokaiensis fraction was more effective than the traditionally used Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera tokaiensis is a likely substitute as a source of Droserae Herba. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do drosera rotundifolia and Drosera tokaiensis suppress the activation of HMC-1 human mast cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several Northern Hemisphere Drosera species have been used in the therapy of respiratory tract infections as the traditional medicine Droserae Herba.', 'To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Drosera species and to investigate a substitute material for Droserae Herba, we examined the effect of extracts of Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera tokaiensis and Drosera spatulata on activated T cell membrane (aTc-m)-induced inflammatory gene expression in HMC-1 human mast cells.', 'Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera spatulata and Drosera tokaiensis were collected in Japan. Herbs were extracted with 80% EtOH, and subsequently applied to OASIS HLB column. HMC-1 cells were treated with each Drosera column-adsorbed fraction for 15min, and subsequently added to aTc-m and incubated for 16h. Inflammatory gene and protein expressions were determined by DNA microarray, RT-PCR and Western blotting.', 'Drosera rotundifolia and Drosera tokaiensis fractions, but not the Drosera spatulata fraction, suppressed inflammatory gene expression induced by aTc-m in HMC-1 cells.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line', 'DNA Primers', 'Drosera', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Mast Cells', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Plant Extracts', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Species Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,090 | Do multiple monophasic shocks improve electrotherapy of ventricular tachycardia in a rabbit model of chronic infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously showed that the cardioversion threshold (CVT) for ventricular tachycardia (VT) is phase dependent when a single monophasic shock (1MP) is used.",
"The purpose of this study was to extend these findings to a biphasic shock (1BP) and to compare the efficacy of phase-independent multiple monophasic (5MP) and biphasic shocks (5BP).",
"Panoramic optical mapping with blebbistatin (5 microM) was performed in postmyocardial infarction rabbit hearts (n = 8). Flecainide (1.64 +/- 0.68 microM) was administered to promote sustained arrhythmias. 5MP and 5BP were applied within one VT cycle length (CL). Results were compared to 1BP and antitachycardia pacing.",
"We observed monomorphic VT with CL = 149.6 +/- 18.0 ms. Similar to 1MP, CVTs of 1BP were found to be phase dependent, and the maximum versus minimum CVT was 8.6 +/- 1.7 V/cm versus 3.7 +/- 1.9 V/cm, respectively (P = .0013). Efficacy of 5MP was higher than that of 1BP and 5BP. CVT was 3.2 +/- 1.4 V/cm for 5MP versus 5.3 +/- 1.9 V/cm for 5BP (P = .00027). 5MP versus averaged 1BP CVT was 3.6 +/- 2.1 V/cm versus. 6.8 +/- 1.5 V/cm, respectively (P = .00024). Antitachycardia pacing was found to be completely ineffective in this model."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Electric Countershock",
"Female",
"Male",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Rabbits",
"Tachycardia, Ventricular"
]
} | Maintenance of shock-induced virtual electrode polarization by multiple monophasic shocks over a VT cycle is responsible for unpinning of reentry leading to self-termination. Elimination of virtual electrode polarization by shock polarity reversal during multiple biphasic shocks proved ineffective. A significant reduction in CVT can be achieved by applying multiple monophasic shocks within one VT CL or one single shock at the proper coupling interval. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do multiple monophasic shocks improve electrotherapy of ventricular tachycardia in a rabbit model of chronic infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We previously showed that the cardioversion threshold (CVT) for ventricular tachycardia (VT) is phase dependent when a single monophasic shock (1MP) is used.', 'The purpose of this study was to extend these findings to a biphasic shock (1BP) and to compare the efficacy of phase-independent multiple monophasic (5MP) and biphasic shocks (5BP).', 'Panoramic optical mapping with blebbistatin (5 microM) was performed in postmyocardial infarction rabbit hearts (n = 8). Flecainide (1.64 +/- 0.68 microM) was administered to promote sustained arrhythmias. 5MP and 5BP were applied within one VT cycle length (CL). Results were compared to 1BP and antitachycardia pacing.', 'We observed monomorphic VT with CL = 149.6 +/- 18.0 ms. Similar to 1MP, CVTs of 1BP were found to be phase dependent, and the maximum versus minimum CVT was 8.6 +/- 1.7 V/cm versus 3.7 +/- 1.9 V/cm, respectively (P = .0013). Efficacy of 5MP was higher than that of 1BP and 5BP. CVT was 3.2 +/- 1.4 V/cm for 5MP versus 5.3 +/- 1.9 V/cm for 5BP (P = .00027). 5MP versus averaged 1BP CVT was 3.6 +/- 2.1 V/cm versus. 6.8 +/- 1.5 V/cm, respectively (P = .00024). Antitachycardia pacing was found to be completely ineffective in this model.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Electric Countershock', 'Female', 'Male', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Rabbits', 'Tachycardia, Ventricular']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,091 | Is there no transmural heterogeneity in an index of action potential duration in the canine left ventricle? | {
"contexts": [
"Transmural heterogeneity in ventricular repolarization demonstrated in vitro has been difficult to confirm in vivo. Whether this discrepancy reflects a physiological phenomenon or a methodological problem remains a vivid matter of debate despite a plethora of experimental work. Therefore, we have measured the relevant electrophysiological parameters first in vivo and repeated these in the same heart and at identical sites in vitro. Methodological issues were tackled by using both unipolar and bipolar recordings. Physiological issues were explored by measuring both local and functional electrophysiological parameters.",
"In 10 healthy dogs, 2 high-resolution needle electrodes were inserted into the left ventricle. Effective refractory periods (ERP) as well as activation recovery intervals (ARI) were determined at each electrode along both needles at basic cycle lengths (BCL) of 850 and 300 ms, respectively. After excision of the heart, ERP and ARI measurements were repeated in the arterially perfused wedge preparations.",
"First, we observed that ERPs and ARIs were significantly shorter in vivo than in vitro. Mean ERPs and ARIs of all muscle layers were relatively uniform throughout the ventricular wall in vivo. The transition from the in vivo to the in vitro preparation was associated with a significant albeit small increase of mean ARIs in the subendocardium, whereas interlayer differences in mean ERPs did not reach statistical significance as in vivo."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Action Potentials",
"Animals",
"Dogs",
"Electrodes, Implanted",
"Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac",
"Female",
"Heart Ventricles",
"Male",
"Time Factors",
"Ventricular Function"
]
} | In the intact canine left ventricular wall, a more or less homogeneous distribution in transmural ERP and ARI is present. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is there no transmural heterogeneity in an index of action potential duration in the canine left ventricle?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Transmural heterogeneity in ventricular repolarization demonstrated in vitro has been difficult to confirm in vivo. Whether this discrepancy reflects a physiological phenomenon or a methodological problem remains a vivid matter of debate despite a plethora of experimental work. Therefore, we have measured the relevant electrophysiological parameters first in vivo and repeated these in the same heart and at identical sites in vitro. Methodological issues were tackled by using both unipolar and bipolar recordings. Physiological issues were explored by measuring both local and functional electrophysiological parameters.', 'In 10 healthy dogs, 2 high-resolution needle electrodes were inserted into the left ventricle. Effective refractory periods (ERP) as well as activation recovery intervals (ARI) were determined at each electrode along both needles at basic cycle lengths (BCL) of 850 and 300 ms, respectively. After excision of the heart, ERP and ARI measurements were repeated in the arterially perfused wedge preparations.', 'First, we observed that ERPs and ARIs were significantly shorter in vivo than in vitro. Mean ERPs and ARIs of all muscle layers were relatively uniform throughout the ventricular wall in vivo. The transition from the in vivo to the in vitro preparation was associated with a significant albeit small increase of mean ARIs in the subendocardium, whereas interlayer differences in mean ERPs did not reach statistical significance as in vivo.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Dogs', 'Electrodes, Implanted', 'Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Ventricular Function']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,321 | Is full-length cytokeratin-19 released by human tumor cells : a potential role in metastatic progression of breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated whether CK19, one of the main cytoskeleton proteins of epithelial cells, is released as full-length protein from viable tumor cells and whether this property is relevant for metastatic progression in breast cancer patients.",
"EPISPOT (EPithelial ImmunoSPOT) assays were performed to analyze the release of full-length CK19 by carcinoma cells of various origins, and the sequence of CK19 was analyzed with mass spectrometry. Additional functional experiments with cycloheximide, Brefeldin A, or vincristine were done to analyze the biology of the CK19-release. CK19-EPISPOT was used to detect disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow (BM) of 45 breast cancer patients who were then followed up over a median of 6 years.",
"CK19 was expressed and released by colorectal (HT-29, HCT116, Caco-2) and breast (MCF-7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. The CK19-EPISPOT was more sensitive than the CK19-ELISA. Dual fluorescent EPISPOT with antibodies against different CK19 epitopes showed the release of the full-length CK19, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Functional experiments indicated that CK19 release was an active process and not simply the consequence of cell death. CK19-releasing cells (RCs) were detectable in BM of 44% to 70% of breast cancer patients. This incidence and the number of CK19-RCs were correlated to the presence of overt metastases, and patients with CK19-RCs had a reduced survival as compared with patients without these cells (P = 0.025, log-rank test; P = 0.0019, hazard ratio, 4.7; multivariate analysis)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Bone Marrow Cells",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Disease Progression",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Epitopes",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Humans",
"Keratin-19",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Metastasis"
]
} | Full-length CK19 is released by viable epithelial tumor cells, and CK19-RCs might constitute a biologically active subset of breast cancer cells with high metastatic properties. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is full-length cytokeratin-19 released by human tumor cells : a potential role in metastatic progression of breast cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We evaluated whether CK19, one of the main cytoskeleton proteins of epithelial cells, is released as full-length protein from viable tumor cells and whether this property is relevant for metastatic progression in breast cancer patients.', 'EPISPOT (EPithelial ImmunoSPOT) assays were performed to analyze the release of full-length CK19 by carcinoma cells of various origins, and the sequence of CK19 was analyzed with mass spectrometry. Additional functional experiments with cycloheximide, Brefeldin A, or vincristine were done to analyze the biology of the CK19-release. CK19-EPISPOT was used to detect disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow (BM) of 45 breast cancer patients who were then followed up over a median of 6 years.', 'CK19 was expressed and released by colorectal (HT-29, HCT116, Caco-2) and breast (MCF-7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines. The CK19-EPISPOT was more sensitive than the CK19-ELISA. Dual fluorescent EPISPOT with antibodies against different CK19 epitopes showed the release of the full-length CK19, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Functional experiments indicated that CK19 release was an active process and not simply the consequence of cell death. CK19-releasing cells (RCs) were detectable in BM of 44% to 70% of breast cancer patients. This incidence and the number of CK19-RCs were correlated to the presence of overt metastases, and patients with CK19-RCs had a reduced survival as compared with patients without these cells (P = 0.025, log-rank test; P = 0.0019, hazard ratio, 4.7; multivariate analysis).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disease Progression', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Keratin-19', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Metastasis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,094 | Does dietary carbohydrate modification alter serum metabolic profiles in individuals with the metabolic syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Whole-grain cereals and diets with a low glycemic index may protect against the development of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the effect of carbohydrate modification on serum metabolic profiles, including lipids and branched chain amino acids, and dependencies between these and specific gene expression pathways in adipose tissue.",
"Twenty subjects with metabolic syndrome were selected from the larger FUNGENUT study population, randomized either to a diet high in oat and wheat bread and potato (OWP) or rye bread and pasta (RP). Serum metabolomics analyses were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS), gas chromatography (GC) and UPLC. In the OWP group multiple proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines increased, while in the RP group docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6n-3) increased and isoleucine decreased. mRNA expression of stress reactions- and adipose tissue differentiation-related genes were up-regulated in adipose tissue in the OWP group. In the RP group, however, pathways related to stress reactions and insulin signaling and energy metabolism were down-regulated. The lipid profiles had the strongest association with the changes in the adipose tissue differentiation pathway when using the elastic net regression model of the lipidomic profiles on selected pathways."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipose Tissue",
"Amino Acids, Branched-Chain",
"Biosynthetic Pathways",
"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid",
"Diet",
"Dietary Carbohydrates",
"Eating",
"Fatty Acids",
"Gene Expression",
"Glycemic Index",
"Humans",
"Lipids",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Metabolomics",
"Skinfold Thickness",
"Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Our results suggest that the dietary carbohydrate modification alters the serum metabolic profile, especially in lysoPC species, and may, thus, contribute to proinflammatory processes which in turn promote adverse changes in insulin and glucose metabolism. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dietary carbohydrate modification alter serum metabolic profiles in individuals with the metabolic syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Whole-grain cereals and diets with a low glycemic index may protect against the development of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the effect of carbohydrate modification on serum metabolic profiles, including lipids and branched chain amino acids, and dependencies between these and specific gene expression pathways in adipose tissue.', 'Twenty subjects with metabolic syndrome were selected from the larger FUNGENUT study population, randomized either to a diet high in oat and wheat bread and potato (OWP) or rye bread and pasta (RP). Serum metabolomics analyses were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS), gas chromatography (GC) and UPLC. In the OWP group multiple proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines increased, while in the RP group docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6n-3) increased and isoleucine decreased. mRNA expression of stress reactions- and adipose tissue differentiation-related genes were up-regulated in adipose tissue in the OWP group. In the RP group, however, pathways related to stress reactions and insulin signaling and energy metabolism were down-regulated. The lipid profiles had the strongest association with the changes in the adipose tissue differentiation pathway when using the elastic net regression model of the lipidomic profiles on selected pathways.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipose Tissue', 'Amino Acids, Branched-Chain', 'Biosynthetic Pathways', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Diet', 'Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Eating', 'Fatty Acids', 'Gene Expression', 'Glycemic Index', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Metabolomics', 'Skinfold Thickness', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,297 | Does marine-derived oligosaccharide sulfate ( JG3 ) suppress heparanase-driven cell adhesion events in heparanase over-expressing CHO-K1 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To elucidate the detailed mechanisms underlying the appreciable effects of JG3, a novel marine-derived oligosaccharide, on cell migration using a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line stably over-expressing heparanase.",
"A retrovirus infection system was used to establish a CHO-K1 cell line stably transfected with heparanase. Immunocytochemistry was used to assess cell morphology. Flow cytometry was selected to analyze the activation of beta1-integrin, and Western blotting was used to analyze the downstream effects on the cell adhesion pathway. An affinity precipitation assay was used to determine activation of the small GTPases, Rac1, and RhoA.",
"JG3 abolished heparanase-driven formation of focal adhesions and cell spreading. Although JG3 failed to block the heparanase-triggered activation of beta1-integrin or the phosphorylation of Src, the oligosaccharide caused a significant dephosphorylation of FAK and subsequent inactivation of Erk. Furthermore, JG3 was found to arrest the activation of Rac1."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"CHO Cells",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cell Movement",
"Cricetinae",
"Cricetulus",
"Glucuronidase",
"Humans",
"Integrin beta1",
"Mannans",
"Molecular Structure",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Signal Transduction",
"rac1 GTP-Binding Protein",
"rhoA GTP-Binding Protein"
]
} | All these findings help form an alternative view to understand the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of JG3 on cell motility.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2009) 30: 1033-1038; doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.97; published online 22 June 2009. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does marine-derived oligosaccharide sulfate ( JG3 ) suppress heparanase-driven cell adhesion events in heparanase over-expressing CHO-K1 cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To elucidate the detailed mechanisms underlying the appreciable effects of JG3, a novel marine-derived oligosaccharide, on cell migration using a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line stably over-expressing heparanase.', 'A retrovirus infection system was used to establish a CHO-K1 cell line stably transfected with heparanase. Immunocytochemistry was used to assess cell morphology. Flow cytometry was selected to analyze the activation of beta1-integrin, and Western blotting was used to analyze the downstream effects on the cell adhesion pathway. An affinity precipitation assay was used to determine activation of the small GTPases, Rac1, and RhoA.', 'JG3 abolished heparanase-driven formation of focal adhesions and cell spreading. Although JG3 failed to block the heparanase-triggered activation of beta1-integrin or the phosphorylation of Src, the oligosaccharide caused a significant dephosphorylation of FAK and subsequent inactivation of Erk. Furthermore, JG3 was found to arrest the activation of Rac1.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Movement', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Glucuronidase', 'Humans', 'Integrin beta1', 'Mannans', 'Molecular Structure', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Signal Transduction', 'rac1 GTP-Binding Protein', 'rhoA GTP-Binding Protein']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,507 | Do anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies from rheumatoid arthritis patients activate complement via both the classical and alternative pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been suggested that anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To exert their pathologic effects, ACPAs must recruit immune effector mechanisms such as activation of the complement system. Mouse models of RA have shown that, surprisingly, arthritogenic antibodies activate the alternative pathway of complement rather than the expected classical pathway. This study was undertaken to investigate whether human anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies activate the complement system in vitro and, if so, which pathways of complement activation are used.",
"We set up novel assays to analyze complement activation by anti-CCP antibodies, using cyclic citrullinated peptide-coated plates, specific buffers, and normal and complement-deficient sera as a source of complement.",
"Anti-CCP antibodies activated complement in a dose-dependent manner via the classical pathway of complement, and, surprisingly, via the alternative pathway of complement. The lectin pathway was not activated by anti-CCP antibodies. Complement activation proceeded in vitro up to the formation of the membrane attack complex, indicating that all activation steps, including the release of C5a, took place."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cohort Studies",
"Complement C1q",
"Complement C5a",
"Complement Membrane Attack Complex",
"Complement System Proteins",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lectins",
"Male",
"Mannose-Binding Lectin",
"Middle Aged",
"Peptides, Cyclic",
"Signal Transduction",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Our findings indicate that anti-CCP antibodies activate the complement system in vitro via the classical and alternative pathways but not via the lectin pathway. These findings are relevant for the design of interventions aimed at inhibition of complement-mediated damage in RA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies from rheumatoid arthritis patients activate complement via both the classical and alternative pathways?\nContext: {'contexts': ['It has been suggested that anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To exert their pathologic effects, ACPAs must recruit immune effector mechanisms such as activation of the complement system. Mouse models of RA have shown that, surprisingly, arthritogenic antibodies activate the alternative pathway of complement rather than the expected classical pathway. This study was undertaken to investigate whether human anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies activate the complement system in vitro and, if so, which pathways of complement activation are used.', 'We set up novel assays to analyze complement activation by anti-CCP antibodies, using cyclic citrullinated peptide-coated plates, specific buffers, and normal and complement-deficient sera as a source of complement.', 'Anti-CCP antibodies activated complement in a dose-dependent manner via the classical pathway of complement, and, surprisingly, via the alternative pathway of complement. The lectin pathway was not activated by anti-CCP antibodies. Complement activation proceeded in vitro up to the formation of the membrane attack complex, indicating that all activation steps, including the release of C5a, took place.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cohort Studies', 'Complement C1q', 'Complement C5a', 'Complement Membrane Attack Complex', 'Complement System Proteins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lectins', 'Male', 'Mannose-Binding Lectin', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptides, Cyclic', 'Signal Transduction', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,501 | Does transgenic disruption of glucocorticoid signaling in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes attenuate K/BxN mouse serum-induced arthritis in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) modulate numerous biologic systems involved in the initiation and maintenance of arthritis. Bone cells play a critical role in the progression of arthritis, and some of the effects of GCs on inflammation may be mediated via these cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of osteoblast-targeted disruption of GC signaling on joint inflammation, cartilage damage, and bone metabolism in the K/BxN mouse serum transfer model of autoimmune arthritis.",
"Intracellular GC signaling was disrupted in osteoblasts through transgenic overexpression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 under the control of a type I collagen promoter. Arthritis was induced in 5-week-old male transgenic mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates, and paw swelling was assessed daily until the mice were killed. The mice were examined by histology, histomorphometry, and microfocal computed tomography, and serum was analyzed for cytokines, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and corticosterone.",
"Acute arthritis developed in both transgenic and WT mice treated with K/BxN mouse serum. However, the arthritis and local inflammatory activity were significantly attenuated in transgenic mice, as judged by clinical and histologic indices of inflammation and cartilage damage. Bone turnover and bone volume remained unchanged in arthritic transgenic mice, while WT mice exhibited stimulated bone resorption, suppressed osteoblast activity, and significantly reduced bone volume, compatible with the known effects of active inflammation on bone. Circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines tended to be lower in arthritic transgenic mice than in control transgenic mice."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2",
"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone",
"Animals",
"Arthritis",
"Autoimmune Diseases",
"Body Weight",
"Bone and Bones",
"Corticosterone",
"Cytokines",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Glucocorticoids",
"Joints",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Osteoblasts",
"Osteocytes",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | Disruption of GC signaling in osteoblasts significantly attenuates K/BxN mouse serum-induced autoimmune arthritis in mice. These data suggest that osteoblasts modulate the immune-mediated inflammatory response via a GC-dependent pathway. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does transgenic disruption of glucocorticoid signaling in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes attenuate K/BxN mouse serum-induced arthritis in vivo?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) modulate numerous biologic systems involved in the initiation and maintenance of arthritis. Bone cells play a critical role in the progression of arthritis, and some of the effects of GCs on inflammation may be mediated via these cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of osteoblast-targeted disruption of GC signaling on joint inflammation, cartilage damage, and bone metabolism in the K/BxN mouse serum transfer model of autoimmune arthritis.', 'Intracellular GC signaling was disrupted in osteoblasts through transgenic overexpression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 under the control of a type I collagen promoter. Arthritis was induced in 5-week-old male transgenic mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates, and paw swelling was assessed daily until the mice were killed. The mice were examined by histology, histomorphometry, and microfocal computed tomography, and serum was analyzed for cytokines, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and corticosterone.', 'Acute arthritis developed in both transgenic and WT mice treated with K/BxN mouse serum. However, the arthritis and local inflammatory activity were significantly attenuated in transgenic mice, as judged by clinical and histologic indices of inflammation and cartilage damage. Bone turnover and bone volume remained unchanged in arthritic transgenic mice, while WT mice exhibited stimulated bone resorption, suppressed osteoblast activity, and significantly reduced bone volume, compatible with the known effects of active inflammation on bone. Circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines tended to be lower in arthritic transgenic mice than in control transgenic mice.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Arthritis', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Body Weight', 'Bone and Bones', 'Corticosterone', 'Cytokines', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Joints', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteocytes', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,500 | Are variants in TNFAIP3 , STAT4 , and C12orf30 loci associated with multiple autoimmune diseases also associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) share phenotypic features with other autoimmune disorders. We investigated several genetic variants associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune disorders for association with JIA to test the hypothesis that clinically distinct phenotypes share common genetic susceptibility factors.",
"Cases were 445 children with JIA, and controls were 643 healthy adults. Using the TaqMan assay, subjects were genotyped for 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 7 loci including rs10499194 and rs6920220 in the TNFAIP3 locus, rs6679677 in the RSBN1 locus, rs17696736 in the C12orf30 locus, rs3761847 in the TRAF1/C5 locus, rs2104286 in the IL2RA locus, rs7574865 in the STAT4 locus, and rs2542151 in the PTPN2 locus. Alleles and genotypes were analyzed for association with JIA and JIA subtypes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.",
"The strongest associations with JIA risk or protection were observed for TNFAIP3 variants rs10499194 (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.61-0.91], P < 0.004) and rs6920220 (OR 1.30 [95% CI 1.05-1.61], P = 0.015). We also observed associations between JIA and both STAT4 (OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.02-1.51], P = 0.029) and C12orf30 (OR 1.20 [95% CI 1.01-1.43], P = 0.041) variants. The PTPN2 variant rs2542151 deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and was excluded from analyses. Variants in IL2RA, TRAF1/C5, and RSBN1 were not associated with JIA. After stratification by JIA subtype, the TNFAIP3 and C12orf30 variants were associated with oligoarticular JIA, while the STAT4 variant was associated primarily with polyarticular JIA."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Arthritis",
"Arthritis, Juvenile",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Autoimmune Diseases",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit",
"Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic",
"Male",
"N-Terminal Acetyltransferase B",
"Nuclear Proteins",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Proteins",
"STAT4 Transcription Factor",
"TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3"
]
} | We have demonstrated associations between JIA and variants in the TNFAIP3, STAT4, and C12orf30 regions that have previously shown associations with other autoimmune diseases, including RA and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our results suggest that clinically distinct autoimmune phenotypes share common genetic susceptibility factors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are variants in TNFAIP3 , STAT4 , and C12orf30 loci associated with multiple autoimmune diseases also associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) share phenotypic features with other autoimmune disorders. We investigated several genetic variants associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune disorders for association with JIA to test the hypothesis that clinically distinct phenotypes share common genetic susceptibility factors.', 'Cases were 445 children with JIA, and controls were 643 healthy adults. Using the TaqMan assay, subjects were genotyped for 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 7 loci including rs10499194 and rs6920220 in the TNFAIP3 locus, rs6679677 in the RSBN1 locus, rs17696736 in the C12orf30 locus, rs3761847 in the TRAF1/C5 locus, rs2104286 in the IL2RA locus, rs7574865 in the STAT4 locus, and rs2542151 in the PTPN2 locus. Alleles and genotypes were analyzed for association with JIA and JIA subtypes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.', 'The strongest associations with JIA risk or protection were observed for TNFAIP3 variants rs10499194 (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.61-0.91], P < 0.004) and rs6920220 (OR 1.30 [95% CI 1.05-1.61], P = 0.015). We also observed associations between JIA and both STAT4 (OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.02-1.51], P = 0.029) and C12orf30 (OR 1.20 [95% CI 1.01-1.43], P = 0.041) variants. The PTPN2 variant rs2542151 deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and was excluded from analyses. Variants in IL2RA, TRAF1/C5, and RSBN1 were not associated with JIA. After stratification by JIA subtype, the TNFAIP3 and C12orf30 variants were associated with oligoarticular JIA, while the STAT4 variant was associated primarily with polyarticular JIA.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Arthritis', 'Arthritis, Juvenile', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Autoimmune Diseases', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'N-Terminal Acetyltransferase B', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Proteins', 'STAT4 Transcription Factor', 'TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,380 | Does hydration status influence peritoneal equilibration test ultrafiltration volumes? | {
"contexts": [
"The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was developed some 25 yr ago and has been used to help prescribe peritoneal dialysis. However, PET is affected by several factors, including diabetes and inflammation. It was speculated that extracellular fluid overload would increase PET ultrafiltration volumes, and therefore the usefulness of the PET in routine clinical practice was audited.",
"Data from 211 consecutive patients attending a university teaching hospital for a standard PET who had multifrequency bioimpedance performance were analyzed to determine which factors affected net PET ultrafiltration volumes.",
"Net PET ultrafiltration volume was independent of gender, age, diabetes, residual renal function, peritoneal dialysis prescriptions (modes and dialysates), extracellular fluid volume, or C-reactive protein (CRP). There was an inverse regression with serum albumin and sodium on multiple logistical regression analysis (F = 13.4, P < 0.001 and F = 10.1, P = 0.001, respectively) and a positive regression with 24-h net peritoneal ultrafiltration volumes (F = 15.5, P < 0.001). As expected, there was a strong correlation with net sodium losses (r = 0.99, P < 0001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Blood Volume",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Dialysis Solutions",
"Electric Impedance",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyperglycemia",
"Inflammation",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Medical Audit",
"Middle Aged",
"Models, Biological",
"Peritoneal Dialysis",
"Protein-Energy Malnutrition",
"Serum Albumin",
"Sodium",
"Water-Electrolyte Imbalance",
"Young Adult"
]
} | It was found that PET test ultrafiltration volume in routine clinical practice was not affected by CRP, hyperglycemia, or extracellular fluid volume overload. Ultrafiltration volumes were increased in those patients with reduced serum sodium and albumin, most likely because of inflammation and protein malnutrition. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hydration status influence peritoneal equilibration test ultrafiltration volumes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was developed some 25 yr ago and has been used to help prescribe peritoneal dialysis. However, PET is affected by several factors, including diabetes and inflammation. It was speculated that extracellular fluid overload would increase PET ultrafiltration volumes, and therefore the usefulness of the PET in routine clinical practice was audited.', 'Data from 211 consecutive patients attending a university teaching hospital for a standard PET who had multifrequency bioimpedance performance were analyzed to determine which factors affected net PET ultrafiltration volumes.', 'Net PET ultrafiltration volume was independent of gender, age, diabetes, residual renal function, peritoneal dialysis prescriptions (modes and dialysates), extracellular fluid volume, or C-reactive protein (CRP). There was an inverse regression with serum albumin and sodium on multiple logistical regression analysis (F = 13.4, P < 0.001 and F = 10.1, P = 0.001, respectively) and a positive regression with 24-h net peritoneal ultrafiltration volumes (F = 15.5, P < 0.001). As expected, there was a strong correlation with net sodium losses (r = 0.99, P < 0001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Volume', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Dialysis Solutions', 'Electric Impedance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Inflammation', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Medical Audit', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Biological', 'Peritoneal Dialysis', 'Protein-Energy Malnutrition', 'Serum Albumin', 'Sodium', 'Water-Electrolyte Imbalance', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,563,808 | Does fACS-assisted microarray profiling implicate novel genes and pathways in zebrafish gastrointestinal tract development? | {
"contexts": [
"The zebrafish Danio rerio is an excellent model system for mammalian gastrointestinal development. To identify differentially regulated genes important in gastrointestinal organogenesis, we profiled the transcriptome of the zebrafish developing gastrointestinal tract.",
"Embryos from a transgenic zebrafish line expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the developing intestine, liver, and pancreas were dissociated at 4 developmental time points, their cells sorted based on GFP expression with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and analyzed with microarrays. To improve our analysis, we annotated the Affymetrix Zebrafish GeneChip with human orthologs.",
"Transcriptional profiling showed significant differences between GFP(+) and GFP(-) cells. Up-regulated genes and pathways were consistent with mammalian gastrointestinal development, such as hepatic nuclear factor gene networks and cancer. We implicate the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway and show that inhibition with LY294002 causes gastrointestinal defects in zebrafish. We identified novel genes, such as the microRNAs miR-217 and miR-122, the tight junction protein claudin c, the gene fam136a, and a zebrafish tetraspanin. Novel pathways include genes containing a putative transcription factor binding sequence, GGAANCGGAANY, and a nucleolar gene network. The zebrafish microarrays also identify a set of 32 genes that may mediate the effects of gain of chromosome arm 8q in human colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Genetically Modified",
"Cell Separation",
"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8",
"Digestive System Neoplasms",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Gastrointestinal Tract",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Gene Regulatory Networks",
"Green Fluorescent Proteins",
"Humans",
"In Situ Hybridization",
"Larva",
"MicroRNAs",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Organogenesis",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Time Factors",
"Zebrafish",
"Zebrafish Proteins"
]
} | We successfully combine FACS and microarray profiling to follow organogenesis throughout development. These experiments identify novel genes and pathways that probably play a role in mammalian gastrointestinal development and are potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the management of gastrointestinal disease and cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does fACS-assisted microarray profiling implicate novel genes and pathways in zebrafish gastrointestinal tract development?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The zebrafish Danio rerio is an excellent model system for mammalian gastrointestinal development. To identify differentially regulated genes important in gastrointestinal organogenesis, we profiled the transcriptome of the zebrafish developing gastrointestinal tract.', 'Embryos from a transgenic zebrafish line expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the developing intestine, liver, and pancreas were dissociated at 4 developmental time points, their cells sorted based on GFP expression with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and analyzed with microarrays. To improve our analysis, we annotated the Affymetrix Zebrafish GeneChip with human orthologs.', 'Transcriptional profiling showed significant differences between GFP(+) and GFP(-) cells. Up-regulated genes and pathways were consistent with mammalian gastrointestinal development, such as hepatic nuclear factor gene networks and cancer. We implicate the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway and show that inhibition with LY294002 causes gastrointestinal defects in zebrafish. We identified novel genes, such as the microRNAs miR-217 and miR-122, the tight junction protein claudin c, the gene fam136a, and a zebrafish tetraspanin. Novel pathways include genes containing a putative transcription factor binding sequence, GGAANCGGAANY, and a nucleolar gene network. The zebrafish microarrays also identify a set of 32 genes that may mediate the effects of gain of chromosome arm 8q in human colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Cell Separation', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8', 'Digestive System Neoplasms', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gastrointestinal Tract', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Regulatory Networks', 'Green Fluorescent Proteins', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Larva', 'MicroRNAs', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Organogenesis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Time Factors', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,789 | Are s-phase cells more sensitive to high-linear energy transfer radiation? | {
"contexts": [
"S-phase cells are more resistant to low-linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiation (IR) than nonsynchronized and G(1)-phase cells, because both nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination repair can repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the S phase. Although it was reported 3 decades ago that S-phase cells did not show more resistance to high-LET IR than cells in other phases, the mechanism remains unclear. We therefore attempted to study the phenotypes and elucidate the mechanism involved.",
"Wild-type and NHEJ-deficient cell lines were synchronized using the double-thymidine approach. A clonogenic assay was used to detect the sensitivity of nonsynchronized, synchronized S-phase, and G(2)-phase cells to high- and low-LET IR. The amounts of Ku bound to DSBs in the high- and low-LET-irradiated cells were also examined.",
"S-phase wild-type cells (but not NHEJ-deficient cells) were more sensitive to high-LET IR than nonsynchronized and G(2)-phase cells. In addition, S-phase wild-type cells showed less efficient Ku protein binding to DSBs than nonsynchronized and G(2)-phase cells in response to high-LET IR, although all cells at all phases showed similarly efficient levels of Ku protein binding to DSBs in response to low-LET IR."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antigens, Nuclear",
"DNA",
"DNA Repair",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation",
"G2 Phase",
"Ku Autoantigen",
"Linear Energy Transfer",
"Mice",
"Phenotype",
"Radiation Tolerance",
"S Phase"
]
} | S-phase cells are more sensitive to high-LET IR than nonsynchronized and G(2)-phase cells, because of the following mechanism: it is more difficult for Ku protein to bind to high-LET IR-induced DNA DSBs in S-phase cells than in cells at other phases, which results in less efficient NHEJ. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are s-phase cells more sensitive to high-linear energy transfer radiation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['S-phase cells are more resistant to low-linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiation (IR) than nonsynchronized and G(1)-phase cells, because both nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination repair can repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the S phase. Although it was reported 3 decades ago that S-phase cells did not show more resistance to high-LET IR than cells in other phases, the mechanism remains unclear. We therefore attempted to study the phenotypes and elucidate the mechanism involved.', 'Wild-type and NHEJ-deficient cell lines were synchronized using the double-thymidine approach. A clonogenic assay was used to detect the sensitivity of nonsynchronized, synchronized S-phase, and G(2)-phase cells to high- and low-LET IR. The amounts of Ku bound to DSBs in the high- and low-LET-irradiated cells were also examined.', 'S-phase wild-type cells (but not NHEJ-deficient cells) were more sensitive to high-LET IR than nonsynchronized and G(2)-phase cells. In addition, S-phase wild-type cells showed less efficient Ku protein binding to DSBs than nonsynchronized and G(2)-phase cells in response to high-LET IR, although all cells at all phases showed similarly efficient levels of Ku protein binding to DSBs in response to low-LET IR.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antigens, Nuclear', 'DNA', 'DNA Repair', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation', 'G2 Phase', 'Ku Autoantigen', 'Linear Energy Transfer', 'Mice', 'Phenotype', 'Radiation Tolerance', 'S Phase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,566,902 | Does botulinum toxin B increase mouth opening in patients with spastic trismus? | {
"contexts": [
"Severe generalized spastic movement disorders of various aetiologies often involve the jaw muscles and lead to a spastic trismus with masseter muscle hypertonia. We report a placebo-controlled randomized study on patients with spastic trismus.",
"Eleven patients with masseter hypertonia because of stroke, hypoxic encephalopathy or traumatic brain injury were allocated to either botulinum toxin serotype B (BoNT/B) injections into the masseter muscles or placebo treatment. The dental gap, the amount of saliva, salivation scales, and a clinical goal attainment were evaluated.",
"Three weeks after injection the BoNT/B group showed a significantly increased mouth opening compared with placebo treatment (P < 0.05). In addition to the muscle paralysing effect, a goal attainment scale demonstrated a clinical benefit for the BoNT/B group (P < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Botulinum Toxins",
"Botulinum Toxins, Type A",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Humans",
"Masseter Muscle",
"Middle Aged",
"Muscle Spasticity",
"Trismus"
]
} | Botulinum toxin serotype B injections into the masseter muscles effectively reduce hypertonia and provide for better mouth opening, thereby contributing to a positive and desired clinical goal. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does botulinum toxin B increase mouth opening in patients with spastic trismus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Severe generalized spastic movement disorders of various aetiologies often involve the jaw muscles and lead to a spastic trismus with masseter muscle hypertonia. We report a placebo-controlled randomized study on patients with spastic trismus.', 'Eleven patients with masseter hypertonia because of stroke, hypoxic encephalopathy or traumatic brain injury were allocated to either botulinum toxin serotype B (BoNT/B) injections into the masseter muscles or placebo treatment. The dental gap, the amount of saliva, salivation scales, and a clinical goal attainment were evaluated.', 'Three weeks after injection the BoNT/B group showed a significantly increased mouth opening compared with placebo treatment (P < 0.05). In addition to the muscle paralysing effect, a goal attainment scale demonstrated a clinical benefit for the BoNT/B group (P < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Botulinum Toxins', 'Botulinum Toxins, Type A', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Humans', 'Masseter Muscle', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscle Spasticity', 'Trismus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,617 | Does a common UCP2 polymorphism predispose to stress hyperglycaemia in severe sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia are common in severe sepsis. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays a role in insulin release and sensitivity.",
"To determine if a common, functional polymorphism in the UCP2 gene promoter region (the -866 G/A polymorphism) contributes to the risk of hyperglycaemia in severe sepsis.",
"In the prospective group 120 non-diabetic patients who were carriers of the G allele had significantly higher maximum blood glucose recordings than non-carriers (mean (SD) AA 8.5 (2.2) mmol/l; GA 8.5 (2.4) mmol/l; GG 10.1 (3.1) mmol/l; p = 0.0042) and required significantly more insulin to maintain target blood glucose (p = 0.0007). In the retrospective study 103 non-diabetic patients showed a similar relationship between maximum glucose and UCP genotype (AA 6.8 (2.3) mmol/l; GA 7.8 (2.2) mmol/l; GG 9.2 (2.9) mmol/l; p = 0.0078)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Blood Glucose",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Heterozygote",
"Humans",
"Hyperglycemia",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Ion Channels",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mitochondrial Proteins",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Prospective Studies",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Sepsis",
"Stress, Physiological",
"Uncoupling Protein 2"
]
} | A common, functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the UCP2 gene is associated with hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in severe sepsis. This has implications for our understanding of the genetic pathophysiology of sepsis and is of use in the stratification of patients for more intensive management. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a common UCP2 polymorphism predispose to stress hyperglycaemia in severe sepsis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia are common in severe sepsis. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays a role in insulin release and sensitivity.', 'To determine if a common, functional polymorphism in the UCP2 gene promoter region (the -866 G/A polymorphism) contributes to the risk of hyperglycaemia in severe sepsis.', 'In the prospective group 120 non-diabetic patients who were carriers of the G allele had significantly higher maximum blood glucose recordings than non-carriers (mean (SD) AA 8.5 (2.2) mmol/l; GA 8.5 (2.4) mmol/l; GG 10.1 (3.1) mmol/l; p = 0.0042) and required significantly more insulin to maintain target blood glucose (p = 0.0007). In the retrospective study 103 non-diabetic patients showed a similar relationship between maximum glucose and UCP genotype (AA 6.8 (2.3) mmol/l; GA 7.8 (2.2) mmol/l; GG 9.2 (2.9) mmol/l; p = 0.0078).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blood Glucose', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Ion Channels', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sepsis', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Uncoupling Protein 2']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,576 | Does fK778 attenuate cytomegalovirus-enhanced vein graft intimal hyperplasia in a rat model? | {
"contexts": [
"Venous grafts are commonly used to treat drug-resistant coronary artery disease, although long-term functionality is limited because of proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMC). As proliferating SMC are particularly susceptible for the stimulating effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV), we hypothesized that CMV infection may enhance cell proliferation and graft failure. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of FK778 to prevent intimal hyperplasia. Apart from its antiviral properties, FK778 is a new immunosuppressive agent which may also affect SMC proliferation, making it an interesting drug to prevent (CMV-enhanced) venous graft intimal hyperplasia.",
"Epigastric vein-to-common femoral artery interposition grafts were placed in four groups of 10 rats each. Rats received either FK778 (oral treatment, 15 mg/kg), were infected with CMV (1.25 x 10(6) plaque-forming units) or were both treated and infected.",
"CMV infection resulted in a significant increase in intimal and medial cross-sectional area and medial wall thickness of the vein grafts. This effect was diminished by administration of FK778. Moreover, FK778 treatment alone resulted in a significant decrease in neointimal area and percentage of stenosis versus the control group."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alkynes",
"Animals",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents",
"Antiviral Agents",
"Herpesviridae Infections",
"Hyperplasia",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Isoxazoles",
"Male",
"Muromegalovirus",
"Nitriles",
"Rats",
"Transplants",
"Tunica Intima"
]
} | These data suggest a role of CMV in venous graft failure. Also, our results suggest a prospective role for the new immunosuppressive drug FK778 in the prevention of (CMV-mediated) vein graft intimal hyperplasia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does fK778 attenuate cytomegalovirus-enhanced vein graft intimal hyperplasia in a rat model?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Venous grafts are commonly used to treat drug-resistant coronary artery disease, although long-term functionality is limited because of proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMC). As proliferating SMC are particularly susceptible for the stimulating effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV), we hypothesized that CMV infection may enhance cell proliferation and graft failure. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential of FK778 to prevent intimal hyperplasia. Apart from its antiviral properties, FK778 is a new immunosuppressive agent which may also affect SMC proliferation, making it an interesting drug to prevent (CMV-enhanced) venous graft intimal hyperplasia.', 'Epigastric vein-to-common femoral artery interposition grafts were placed in four groups of 10 rats each. Rats received either FK778 (oral treatment, 15 mg/kg), were infected with CMV (1.25 x 10(6) plaque-forming units) or were both treated and infected.', 'CMV infection resulted in a significant increase in intimal and medial cross-sectional area and medial wall thickness of the vein grafts. This effect was diminished by administration of FK778. Moreover, FK778 treatment alone resulted in a significant decrease in neointimal area and percentage of stenosis versus the control group.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alkynes', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents', 'Antiviral Agents', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Hyperplasia', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Isoxazoles', 'Male', 'Muromegalovirus', 'Nitriles', 'Rats', 'Transplants', 'Tunica Intima']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,746 | Does use of the trendelenburg position in the porcine model improve carotid flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is now widely used as a treatment for ventricular fibrillation, though numerous studies have shown the outcome of standard CPR to be dismal. Alternative methods of CPR, including interposed abdominal compression, constant aortic occlusion, and the use of intrathoracic pressure regulator, have been shown to increase cardiac output and affect the mortality rate of CPR.",
"Here we suggest the Trendelenburg position as yet another method of increasing cardiac output and therefore improving the effectiveness of chest compressions. We hypothesized that the use of the Trendelenburg position during CPR would increase cardiac output as measured by carotid blood flow.",
"We anaesthetized six pigs and measured their pre-arrest carotid flow rate for two minutes. We then induced ventricular fibrillation in those pigs and performed open-chest CPR on them. Post-arrest carotid blood flow was measured for two minutes each at 0 (supine position), 10, 20, and 30 degrees of head-down tilt in each pig. The mean carotid flow for each degree of tilt was compared to mean carotid flow at 0 degrees of tilt using a paired student t-test.",
"We found an increase of up to 1.4-fold in carotid blood flow during CPR in the Trendelenburg position, though only 20 and 30 degrees of Trendelenburg showed a statistically significant increase from the 0 degrees of tilt in pigs."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The Trendelenburg position can lead to increased blood flow through the carotid arteries during CPR in this pig model. Future studies should investigate whether this increased blood flow through the carotid arteries leads to improved brain perfusion and better neurologic outcomes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does use of the trendelenburg position in the porcine model improve carotid flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is now widely used as a treatment for ventricular fibrillation, though numerous studies have shown the outcome of standard CPR to be dismal. Alternative methods of CPR, including interposed abdominal compression, constant aortic occlusion, and the use of intrathoracic pressure regulator, have been shown to increase cardiac output and affect the mortality rate of CPR.', 'Here we suggest the Trendelenburg position as yet another method of increasing cardiac output and therefore improving the effectiveness of chest compressions. We hypothesized that the use of the Trendelenburg position during CPR would increase cardiac output as measured by carotid blood flow.', 'We anaesthetized six pigs and measured their pre-arrest carotid flow rate for two minutes. We then induced ventricular fibrillation in those pigs and performed open-chest CPR on them. Post-arrest carotid blood flow was measured for two minutes each at 0 (supine position), 10, 20, and 30 degrees of head-down tilt in each pig. The mean carotid flow for each degree of tilt was compared to mean carotid flow at 0 degrees of tilt using a paired student t-test.', 'We found an increase of up to 1.4-fold in carotid blood flow during CPR in the Trendelenburg position, though only 20 and 30 degrees of Trendelenburg showed a statistically significant increase from the 0 degrees of tilt in pigs.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,326 | Do neuroendocrine transcriptional programs adapt dynamically to the supply and demand for neuropeptides as revealed in NSF mutant zebrafish? | {
"contexts": [
"Regulated secretion of specialized neuropeptides in the vertebrate neuroendocrine system is critical for ensuring physiological homeostasis. Expression of these cell-specific peptide markers in the differentiating hypothalamus commences prior to birth, often predating the physiological demand for secreted neuropeptides. The conserved function and spatial expression of hypothalamic peptides in vertebrates prompted us to search for critical neuroendocrine genes in newly hatched zebrafish larvae.",
"We screened mutant 5 days post-fertilization zebrafish larvae that fail to undergo visually mediated background adaptation for disruption in hypothalamic pomc expression. To our surprise, the ATPase N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (nsf) was identified as an essential gene for maintenance of neuroendocrine transcriptional programs during the embryo-to-larva transition. Despite normal hypothalamic development in nsf(st53) mutants, neuropeptidergic cells exhibited a dramatic loss of cell-specific markers by 5 days post-fertilization that is accompanied by elevated intracellular neuropeptide protein. Consistent with the role of NSF in vesicle-membrane fusion events and intracellular trafficking, cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum-like membranes accumulate in nsf(-/-) hypothalamic neurons similar to that observed for SEC18 (nsf ortholog) yeast mutants. Our data support a model in which unspent neuropeptide cargo feedbacks to extinguish transcription in neuropeptidergic cells just as they become functionally required. In support of this model we found that gnrh3 transcripts remained unchanged in pre-migratory, non-functional gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in nsf(-/-) zebrafish. Furthermore, oxytocin-like (oxtl, intp) transcripts, which are found in osmoreceptive neurons and persist in mutant zebrafish, drop precipitously after mutant zebrafish are acutely challenged with high salt."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Apoptosis",
"Embryo, Nonmammalian",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental",
"Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone",
"Hypothalamus",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Larva",
"Mice",
"Models, Biological",
"Mutation",
"N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Proteins",
"Neurons",
"Neuropeptides",
"Oxytocin",
"Pro-Opiomelanocortin",
"Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid",
"Zebrafish",
"Zebrafish Proteins"
]
} | Our analyses of nsf mutant zebrafish reveal an unexpected role for NSF in hypothalamic development, with mutant 5 days post-fertilization larvae exhibiting a stage-dependent loss of neuroendocrine transcripts and a corresponding accumulation of neuropeptides in the soma. Based on our collective findings, we speculate that neuroendocrine transcriptional programs adapt dynamically to both the supply and demand for neuropeptides to ensure adequate homeostatic responses. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do neuroendocrine transcriptional programs adapt dynamically to the supply and demand for neuropeptides as revealed in NSF mutant zebrafish?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Regulated secretion of specialized neuropeptides in the vertebrate neuroendocrine system is critical for ensuring physiological homeostasis. Expression of these cell-specific peptide markers in the differentiating hypothalamus commences prior to birth, often predating the physiological demand for secreted neuropeptides. The conserved function and spatial expression of hypothalamic peptides in vertebrates prompted us to search for critical neuroendocrine genes in newly hatched zebrafish larvae.', 'We screened mutant 5 days post-fertilization zebrafish larvae that fail to undergo visually mediated background adaptation for disruption in hypothalamic pomc expression. To our surprise, the ATPase N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (nsf) was identified as an essential gene for maintenance of neuroendocrine transcriptional programs during the embryo-to-larva transition. Despite normal hypothalamic development in nsf(st53) mutants, neuropeptidergic cells exhibited a dramatic loss of cell-specific markers by 5 days post-fertilization that is accompanied by elevated intracellular neuropeptide protein. Consistent with the role of NSF in vesicle-membrane fusion events and intracellular trafficking, cytoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum-like membranes accumulate in nsf(-/-) hypothalamic neurons similar to that observed for SEC18 (nsf ortholog) yeast mutants. Our data support a model in which unspent neuropeptide cargo feedbacks to extinguish transcription in neuropeptidergic cells just as they become functionally required. In support of this model we found that gnrh3 transcripts remained unchanged in pre-migratory, non-functional gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in nsf(-/-) zebrafish. Furthermore, oxytocin-like (oxtl, intp) transcripts, which are found in osmoreceptive neurons and persist in mutant zebrafish, drop precipitously after mutant zebrafish are acutely challenged with high salt.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Apoptosis', 'Embryo, Nonmammalian', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Hypothalamus', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Larva', 'Mice', 'Models, Biological', 'Mutation', 'N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Proteins', 'Neurons', 'Neuropeptides', 'Oxytocin', 'Pro-Opiomelanocortin', 'Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid', 'Zebrafish', 'Zebrafish Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,567,313 | Does molecular analysis of persistent periradicular lesions and root end reveals a diverse microbial profile? | {
"contexts": [
"The microbial etiology of periradicular lesions is recognized; however, the bacterial profile of these lesions is not well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial colonization in these lesions and to characterize the bacterial community present in root ends and periradicular lesions.",
"Thirty-four adult patients who presented for apicoectomy of persistent periradicular lesions after endodontic therapy were selected for the study and samples of periradicular tissue and resected root ends collected. Total bacterial levels were estimated for 34 paired periradicular lesions and root ends using real-time polymerase chain reaction with universal bacterial primers. Sixteen pairs of these samples were analyzed using ribosomal 16S cloning and sequencing for bacterial identification.",
"Bacteria were detected more consistently and at higher levels in root ends. Periradicular lesions exhibited a diverse microbial profile with many uncultivated phylotypes. Enterococcus faecalis and Burkholderia cepacia predominated in both samples. Campylobacter gracilis and Streptococcus gordonii were associated with root ends, whereas Atopobium rimae, Peptostreptococcus micros, Streptococcus genomospecies C8, Dialister sp E2_20 E1, and Eubacterium strain A35MT were associated with periradicular lesions."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Bacterial Typing Techniques",
"Biofilms",
"Burkholderia",
"Colony Count, Microbial",
"DNA, Bacterial",
"Enterococcus",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Methanobrevibacter",
"Periapical Periodontitis",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"RNA, Ribosomal, 16S",
"Sequence Analysis, DNA",
"Streptococcus",
"Tooth Apex"
]
} | Persistent periradicular lesions are polymicrobial infections with many as-yet-uncultivated and unknown bacterial species. The bacterial load and microbial profile of root ends is significantly different from the soft-tissue lesion, indicating the presence of diverse bacterial populations in these tissues. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does molecular analysis of persistent periradicular lesions and root end reveals a diverse microbial profile?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The microbial etiology of periradicular lesions is recognized; however, the bacterial profile of these lesions is not well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial colonization in these lesions and to characterize the bacterial community present in root ends and periradicular lesions.', 'Thirty-four adult patients who presented for apicoectomy of persistent periradicular lesions after endodontic therapy were selected for the study and samples of periradicular tissue and resected root ends collected. Total bacterial levels were estimated for 34 paired periradicular lesions and root ends using real-time polymerase chain reaction with universal bacterial primers. Sixteen pairs of these samples were analyzed using ribosomal 16S cloning and sequencing for bacterial identification.', 'Bacteria were detected more consistently and at higher levels in root ends. Periradicular lesions exhibited a diverse microbial profile with many uncultivated phylotypes. Enterococcus faecalis and Burkholderia cepacia predominated in both samples. Campylobacter gracilis and Streptococcus gordonii were associated with root ends, whereas Atopobium rimae, Peptostreptococcus micros, Streptococcus genomospecies C8, Dialister sp E2_20 E1, and Eubacterium strain A35MT were associated with periradicular lesions.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Biofilms', 'Burkholderia', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Enterococcus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methanobrevibacter', 'Periapical Periodontitis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Ribosomal, 16S', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Streptococcus', 'Tooth Apex']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,562,494 | Does smoking attenuate the negative association between carotenoids consumption and colorectal cancer risk? | {
"contexts": [
"Consumption of vegetables and fruits, physical activity, obesity and caloric intake are all strongly related to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The association between dietary intake of carotenoids from vegetables/fruits and risk of CRC in the context of cigarette smoking was studied in a nutritionally diverse population.",
"The study included 1,817 age sex residence-matched case-control pairs from a population-based study in Northern Israel. Data were acquired by food-frequency questionnaire. Individual intake of carotenoid isomers was calculated using an Israeli food content database. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression models adjusted for known risk factors.",
"Strong inverse associations were found with consumption of 9-cis-beta-carotene (OR = 0.35, 0.26-0.47), all-trans-beta-carotene (OR = 0.58, 0.44-0.76), cis-beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.67, 0.50-0.90), all-trans-zeaxanthin (OR = 0.64, 0.48-0.86), and lutein (OR = 0.74, 0.57-0.96). Lycopene (OR = 2.22, 1.71-2.89) and all-trans-beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 2.01, 1.48-2.73) were associated with increased risk of CRC. Inverse associations of most carotenoids with CRC, demonstrated in non-smokers, were much attenuated or reversed in past or current smokers with a highly significant interaction term."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Carcinoma",
"Carotenoids",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Diet",
"Diet Records",
"Eating",
"Female",
"Fruit",
"Humans",
"Israel",
"Male",
"Odds Ratio",
"Risk Factors",
"Smoking",
"Validation Studies as Topic",
"Vegetables"
]
} | Consumption of most dietary carotenoids was found to be strongly associated with reduced risk of CRC. However, smoking significantly attenuated or reversed this observed protective effect on CRC occurrence. Smokers should be advised that smoking also hampers the potential health promoting effects of high fruit and vegetable consumption. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does smoking attenuate the negative association between carotenoids consumption and colorectal cancer risk?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Consumption of vegetables and fruits, physical activity, obesity and caloric intake are all strongly related to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The association between dietary intake of carotenoids from vegetables/fruits and risk of CRC in the context of cigarette smoking was studied in a nutritionally diverse population.', 'The study included 1,817 age sex residence-matched case-control pairs from a population-based study in Northern Israel. Data were acquired by food-frequency questionnaire. Individual intake of carotenoid isomers was calculated using an Israeli food content database. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression models adjusted for known risk factors.', 'Strong inverse associations were found with consumption of 9-cis-beta-carotene (OR = 0.35, 0.26-0.47), all-trans-beta-carotene (OR = 0.58, 0.44-0.76), cis-beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.67, 0.50-0.90), all-trans-zeaxanthin (OR = 0.64, 0.48-0.86), and lutein (OR = 0.74, 0.57-0.96). Lycopene (OR = 2.22, 1.71-2.89) and all-trans-beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 2.01, 1.48-2.73) were associated with increased risk of CRC. Inverse associations of most carotenoids with CRC, demonstrated in non-smokers, were much attenuated or reversed in past or current smokers with a highly significant interaction term.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Carcinoma', 'Carotenoids', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Diet', 'Diet Records', 'Eating', 'Female', 'Fruit', 'Humans', 'Israel', 'Male', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Validation Studies as Topic', 'Vegetables']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,477 | Is interleukin-6 a significant predictor of radiographic knee osteoarthritis : The Chingford Study? | {
"contexts": [
"There is a great need for identification of biomarkers that could improve the prediction of early osteoarthritis (OA). We undertook this study to determine whether circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP) can serve as useful markers of radiographic knee OA (RKOA) in a normal human population.",
"RKOA data were obtained from the cohort of the Chingford Study, a prospective population-based study of healthy, middle-aged British women. The RKOA-affected status of the subjects was assessed using the Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade as determined on radiographs obtained at baseline (n = 908) and at 10 years and 15 years thereafter. Serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNFalpha were assayed at 5, 8, and 15 years, using high-sensitivity commercial assays. A K/L grade of >or=2 in either knee was used as the outcome measure. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance for repeated measurements and logistic regression models, together with longitudinal modeling of dichotomous responses.",
"During 15 years of followup, the prevalence of RKOA (K/L grade >or=2) increased from 14.7% to 48.7% (P < 0.00001 versus baseline). The body mass index (BMI) and circulating levels of CRP and IL-6 were consistently and significantly higher in subjects diagnosed as having RKOA. When multiple logistic regression was applied to the data, the variables of older age (P = 3.93 x 10(-5)), higher BMI at baseline (P = 0.0003), and increased levels of IL-6 at year 5 (P = 0.0129) were determined to be independent predictors of the appearance of RKOA at year 10. The results were fully confirmed using longitudinal modeling of repeated measurements of the data obtained at 3 visits. The odds ratio for RKOA in subjects whose IL-6 levels were in the fourth quartile of increasing levels (versus the first quartile) was 2.74 (95% confidence interval 1.94-3.87)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers",
"Body Mass Index",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-6",
"Logistic Models",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Osteoarthritis, Knee",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Radiography",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"United Kingdom"
]
} | This followup study showed that individuals were more likely to be diagnosed as having RKOA if they had a higher BMI and increased circulating levels of IL-6. These results should stimulate more work on IL-6 as a potential therapeutic target. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is interleukin-6 a significant predictor of radiographic knee osteoarthritis : The Chingford Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is a great need for identification of biomarkers that could improve the prediction of early osteoarthritis (OA). We undertook this study to determine whether circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP) can serve as useful markers of radiographic knee OA (RKOA) in a normal human population.', 'RKOA data were obtained from the cohort of the Chingford Study, a prospective population-based study of healthy, middle-aged British women. The RKOA-affected status of the subjects was assessed using the Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade as determined on radiographs obtained at baseline (n = 908) and at 10 years and 15 years thereafter. Serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNFalpha were assayed at 5, 8, and 15 years, using high-sensitivity commercial assays. A K/L grade of >or=2 in either knee was used as the outcome measure. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance for repeated measurements and logistic regression models, together with longitudinal modeling of dichotomous responses.', 'During 15 years of followup, the prevalence of RKOA (K/L grade >or=2) increased from 14.7% to 48.7% (P < 0.00001 versus baseline). The body mass index (BMI) and circulating levels of CRP and IL-6 were consistently and significantly higher in subjects diagnosed as having RKOA. When multiple logistic regression was applied to the data, the variables of older age (P = 3.93 x 10(-5)), higher BMI at baseline (P = 0.0003), and increased levels of IL-6 at year 5 (P = 0.0129) were determined to be independent predictors of the appearance of RKOA at year 10. The results were fully confirmed using longitudinal modeling of repeated measurements of the data obtained at 3 visits. The odds ratio for RKOA in subjects whose IL-6 levels were in the fourth quartile of increasing levels (versus the first quartile) was 2.74 (95% confidence interval 1.94-3.87).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Body Mass Index', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Logistic Models', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiography', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'United Kingdom']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,177 | Does mouse strain determine the outcome of wound healing after myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Our objective was to study the effect of the genetic background on the wound healing process after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice.",
"MI was induced in five different mouse strains (BalbC, C57Bl6, FVB, 129S6, and Swiss). At 3, 14, and 28 days after MI, cardiac dimensions were monitored by echocardiography and histology, whereas cardiac function was determined by direct intraventricular pressure measurements (dP/dt). Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinases were measured by zymography, and mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. Infarct rupture, which typically occurred at 3-6 days post-MI, was most frequent in 129S6 mice (62%), followed by C57Bl6 (36%), FVB (29%), Swiss (23%), and BalbC (5%). The high incidence of infarct rupture in 129S6 mice was associated with high systolic blood pressure and increased influx of inflammatory cells. Cardiac dilatation was most marked in Swiss mice and least prominent in 129S6 mice. The degree of dilatation was associated with a reduced ejection fraction and decreased dP/dt values at 14 and 28 days post-MI. At day 14 and 28 post-MI, secondary thinning of the infarct area was marked in BalbC, FVB, and Swiss, but absent in C57Bl6 and 129S6 mice. In the latter two groups, this was paralleled by the highest number of myofibroblasts at day 14 post-MI."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antihypertensive Agents",
"Atrial Natriuretic Factor",
"Blood Pressure",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Echocardiography",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic",
"Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction",
"Inflammation",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinases",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardium",
"Natriuretic Peptide, Brain",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Species Specificity",
"Stroke Volume",
"Time Factors",
"Ventricular Function, Left",
"Ventricular Pressure",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | The outcome of infarct healing in mice strongly depends on genetic background. On the basis of our results, we suggest that for studies on infarct rupture, the 129S6 mouse is the background of choice, whereas BalbC and Swiss mice are the preferred models to study infarct thinning post-MI. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mouse strain determine the outcome of wound healing after myocardial infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Our objective was to study the effect of the genetic background on the wound healing process after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice.', 'MI was induced in five different mouse strains (BalbC, C57Bl6, FVB, 129S6, and Swiss). At 3, 14, and 28 days after MI, cardiac dimensions were monitored by echocardiography and histology, whereas cardiac function was determined by direct intraventricular pressure measurements (dP/dt). Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinases were measured by zymography, and mRNA expression by quantitative PCR. Infarct rupture, which typically occurred at 3-6 days post-MI, was most frequent in 129S6 mice (62%), followed by C57Bl6 (36%), FVB (29%), Swiss (23%), and BalbC (5%). The high incidence of infarct rupture in 129S6 mice was associated with high systolic blood pressure and increased influx of inflammatory cells. Cardiac dilatation was most marked in Swiss mice and least prominent in 129S6 mice. The degree of dilatation was associated with a reduced ejection fraction and decreased dP/dt values at 14 and 28 days post-MI. At day 14 and 28 post-MI, secondary thinning of the infarct area was marked in BalbC, FVB, and Swiss, but absent in C57Bl6 and 129S6 mice. In the latter two groups, this was paralleled by the highest number of myofibroblasts at day 14 post-MI.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Blood Pressure', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Echocardiography', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardium', 'Natriuretic Peptide, Brain', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Species Specificity', 'Stroke Volume', 'Time Factors', 'Ventricular Function, Left', 'Ventricular Pressure', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,865 | Are tumor necrosis factor region polymorphisms associated with AIDS and with cytomegalovirus retinitis? | {
"contexts": [
"The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene is located within the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex region, exhibiting the -308 GA promoter region polymorphism and six microsatellites (TNFa-f) spanning the region nearby the TNF locus.",
"In the present study, we evaluated the frequency of -308 GA and TNFa-e polymorphisms and respective haplotypes (in chromosomal sequence: TNFd-TNFe-308GA-TNFc-TNFa-TNFb), in 222 patients with AIDS, 52 of whom exhibited cytomegalovirus retinitis, and in 202 healthy HIV-negative individuals.",
"TNF microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism typings were performed by PCR followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.",
"The TNF-308A allele and the 4-3-G-2-7-1 haplotype were associated with susceptibility to AIDS, whereas the TNFb4 allele and the 3-3-G-1-11-4 haplotype were associated with protection against AIDS development. The TNFc2 allele and the 4-1-G-2-2-1 haplotype, which contains the TNFc2 allele, were associated with cytomegalovirus retinitis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections",
"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome",
"Adult",
"Cytomegalovirus Retinitis",
"Female",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Haplotypes",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Microsatellite Repeats",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Young Adult"
]
} | This study highlights that polymorphic sites spanning the region nearby the TNF locus are associated with AIDS per se and with cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are tumor necrosis factor region polymorphisms associated with AIDS and with cytomegalovirus retinitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene is located within the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex region, exhibiting the -308 GA promoter region polymorphism and six microsatellites (TNFa-f) spanning the region nearby the TNF locus.', 'In the present study, we evaluated the frequency of -308 GA and TNFa-e polymorphisms and respective haplotypes (in chromosomal sequence: TNFd-TNFe-308GA-TNFc-TNFa-TNFb), in 222 patients with AIDS, 52 of whom exhibited cytomegalovirus retinitis, and in 202 healthy HIV-negative individuals.', 'TNF microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism typings were performed by PCR followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.', 'The TNF-308A allele and the 4-3-G-2-7-1 haplotype were associated with susceptibility to AIDS, whereas the TNFb4 allele and the 3-3-G-1-11-4 haplotype were associated with protection against AIDS development. The TNFc2 allele and the 4-1-G-2-2-1 haplotype, which contains the TNFc2 allele, were associated with cytomegalovirus retinitis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Cytomegalovirus Retinitis', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,661 | Is walking speed at self-selected exercise pace lower but energy cost higher in older versus younger women? | {
"contexts": [
"Walking is usually undertaken at a speed that coincides with the lowest metabolic cost. Aging however, alters the speed-cost relationship, as preferred walking speeds decrease and energy costs increase. It is unclear to what extent this relationship is affected when older women undertake walking as an exercise modality. The aim of this study was to compare the energetic cost of walking at a self-selected exercise pace for a 30 minute period in older and younger women.",
"The energetic cost of walking was assessed using the energy equivalent of oxygen consumption measured in 18 young (age 25 to 49 years) and 20 older (age 50 to 79 years) women who were asked to walk at their 'normal' exercise pace on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes duration.",
"The mass-specific net cost of walking (Cw) was 15% higher and self-selected walking speed was 23% lower in the older women than in the younger group. When speed was held constant, the Cw was 0.30 (J.kg-1.m-1) higher in the older women."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acceleration",
"Adult",
"Anthropometry",
"Energy Metabolism",
"Exercise Test",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Walking"
]
} | Preferred exercise pace incurs a higher metabolic cost in older women and needs be taken into consideration when recommending walking as an exercise modality. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is walking speed at self-selected exercise pace lower but energy cost higher in older versus younger women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Walking is usually undertaken at a speed that coincides with the lowest metabolic cost. Aging however, alters the speed-cost relationship, as preferred walking speeds decrease and energy costs increase. It is unclear to what extent this relationship is affected when older women undertake walking as an exercise modality. The aim of this study was to compare the energetic cost of walking at a self-selected exercise pace for a 30 minute period in older and younger women.', \"The energetic cost of walking was assessed using the energy equivalent of oxygen consumption measured in 18 young (age 25 to 49 years) and 20 older (age 50 to 79 years) women who were asked to walk at their 'normal' exercise pace on a motorized treadmill for 30 minutes duration.\", 'The mass-specific net cost of walking (Cw) was 15% higher and self-selected walking speed was 23% lower in the older women than in the younger group. When speed was held constant, the Cw was 0.30 (J.kg-1.m-1) higher in the older women.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acceleration', 'Adult', 'Anthropometry', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Walking']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,558,657 | Does the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker benidipine prevent lysophosphatidylcholine-induced endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta? | {
"contexts": [
"Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), an atherogenic component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, has been shown to induce the attenuation of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. Although benidipine, a dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker, is known to have endothelial protective effects, the effects of benidipine on LPC-induced endothelial dysfunction remain unknown. We examined the effects of benidipine on the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by LPC.",
"Benidipine was administered orally to rats and aortas were then isolated. Aortic rings were treated with LPC and endothelial functions were then evaluated. Additionally, the effects of benidipine on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and membrane fluidity altered by LPC in primary cultured rat aortic endothelial cells were examined. [Ca2+]i was measured using the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2. Membrane fluidity was monitored by measuring fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.",
"Treatment with LPC impaired endothelial function. Benidipine prevents the impairment of relaxation induced by LPC. Acetylcholine elicited an increase in [Ca2+]i in fura-2 loaded endothelial cells. The increase in [Ca2+]i was suppressed after exposure to LPC. Plasma membrane fluidity increased following incubation with LPC. Benidipine inhibited the LPC-induced increase in membrane fluidity and impairment of increase in [Ca2+]i."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Oral",
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Aorta",
"Calcium",
"Calcium Channel Blockers",
"Cell Membrane",
"Dihydropyridines",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching",
"Lysophosphatidylcholines",
"Male",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley"
]
} | These results suggest that benidipine inhibited LPC-induced endothelial dysfunction by maintaining increase in [Ca2+]i. Benidipine possesses membrane stabilization properties in LPC-treated endothelial cells. It is speculated that the preservation of membrane fluidity by benidipine may play a role in the retainment of calcium mobilization. The present findings may provide new insights into the endothelial protective effects of benidipine. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker benidipine prevent lysophosphatidylcholine-induced endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), an atherogenic component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, has been shown to induce the attenuation of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. Although benidipine, a dihydropyridine-calcium channel blocker, is known to have endothelial protective effects, the effects of benidipine on LPC-induced endothelial dysfunction remain unknown. We examined the effects of benidipine on the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by LPC.', 'Benidipine was administered orally to rats and aortas were then isolated. Aortic rings were treated with LPC and endothelial functions were then evaluated. Additionally, the effects of benidipine on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and membrane fluidity altered by LPC in primary cultured rat aortic endothelial cells were examined. [Ca2+]i was measured using the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2. Membrane fluidity was monitored by measuring fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.', 'Treatment with LPC impaired endothelial function. Benidipine prevents the impairment of relaxation induced by LPC. Acetylcholine elicited an increase in [Ca2+]i in fura-2 loaded endothelial cells. The increase in [Ca2+]i was suppressed after exposure to LPC. Plasma membrane fluidity increased following incubation with LPC. Benidipine inhibited the LPC-induced increase in membrane fluidity and impairment of increase in [Ca2+]i.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Aorta', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Cell Membrane', 'Dihydropyridines', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching', 'Lysophosphatidylcholines', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,558,659 | Is n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk associate to weight gain and growth in premature infants? | {
"contexts": [
"Linoleic 18:2 (n-6) and alpha-linolenic 18:3 (n-3) essential fatty acids and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are essential nutrients for growth and neonatal development. Consumption of preformed n-3 LC-PUFA has been shown to increase gestational duration and to decrease the incidence of premature birth in human studies. This study evaluated the association of essential fatty acids and LC-PUFA in breast milk on the growth of premature children (weight, height and head circumference).",
"Thirty-seven premature infants with a gestational age of 37 weeks or less were followed until 6 months of gestational age, adjusted for prematurity. The milk from mothers, weight, height and head circumference measures of children were collected during the follow up. The breast milk fatty acids were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography.",
"Our results showed that total n-3 PUFA was positively associated with weight gain (p = 0.05), height (p = 0.04) and body mass index (BMI) of children (p = 0.05). Our results also indicate that both linoleic acid and total essential fatty acids were positively associated with BMI and head circumference, whereas oleic acid was positively associated only with head circumference."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Body Height",
"Body Mass Index",
"Body Weight",
"Cephalometry",
"Fatty Acids, Unsaturated",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Premature",
"Male",
"Milk, Human",
"Pregnancy",
"Regression Analysis",
"Weight Gain"
]
} | These results suggest that the n-3 PUFA composition of milk may be associated with weight gain and growth. Considering the advantages of n-3 LC-PUFA consumption on infant growth and visual function and its association with reduced incidence of premature birth, dietitians should advise pregnant women to increase their intake of foods high in n-3 LC-PUFA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk associate to weight gain and growth in premature infants?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Linoleic 18:2 (n-6) and alpha-linolenic 18:3 (n-3) essential fatty acids and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) are essential nutrients for growth and neonatal development. Consumption of preformed n-3 LC-PUFA has been shown to increase gestational duration and to decrease the incidence of premature birth in human studies. This study evaluated the association of essential fatty acids and LC-PUFA in breast milk on the growth of premature children (weight, height and head circumference).', 'Thirty-seven premature infants with a gestational age of 37 weeks or less were followed until 6 months of gestational age, adjusted for prematurity. The milk from mothers, weight, height and head circumference measures of children were collected during the follow up. The breast milk fatty acids were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography.', 'Our results showed that total n-3 PUFA was positively associated with weight gain (p = 0.05), height (p = 0.04) and body mass index (BMI) of children (p = 0.05). Our results also indicate that both linoleic acid and total essential fatty acids were positively associated with BMI and head circumference, whereas oleic acid was positively associated only with head circumference.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Body Height', 'Body Mass Index', 'Body Weight', 'Cephalometry', 'Fatty Acids, Unsaturated', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Male', 'Milk, Human', 'Pregnancy', 'Regression Analysis', 'Weight Gain']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,321 | Are drug transporters altered in brain , liver and kidney of rats with chronic epilepsy induced by lithium-pilocarpine? | {
"contexts": [
"Pharmacoresistance is a common problem hindering treatment of epilepsy. A possible cause for this resistance is the overexpression of efflux drug transporters, e.g. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which may decrease extracellular antiepileptic drugs levels in brains of intractable epilepsy patients. Another transmembrane drug transporter is the organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (Oatp2), which is colocalized with P-gp in many polarized tissues. However, a role for Oatp2 in the development of multidrug resistance has not been established. In the present work, we investigated the expression of drug transporters Oatp2 and P-gp in brain, liver and kidney of rats with chronic epilepsy induced by lithium-pilocarpine.",
"Chronic epilepsy was elicited after status epilepticus (SE) induced by lithium-pilocarpine in adult Wistar rats. Following SE, expression of Oatp2 and P-gp protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis and messenger RNA (mRNA) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Levels of the drug transporters were compared in brain, liver and kidney of chronic epileptic and control rats.",
"Both Oatp2 and P-gp were expressed in the brain, liver and kidney but predominantly in the brain. In the brain, Oatp2 and P-gp immunopositive cells were observed in brain capillary endothelium and choroid plexus epithelium. Compared with control rats, Oatp2 protein expression in brain was significantly decreased, while P-gp was obviously increased in chronic epileptic rats. P-gp mRNA was also significantly higher in brains of chronic epileptic rats, whereas the expression of Oatp2 did not change. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 and P-gp did not change at the mRNA or protein level with epilepsy in the liver or kidney."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1",
"Animals",
"Brain",
"Choroid Plexus",
"Chronic Disease",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Epilepsy",
"Female",
"Kidney",
"Lithium",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Organic Anion Transporters",
"Pilocarpine",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Status Epilepticus"
]
} | Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 and P-gp colocalized in tissues that are important in drug absorption, metabolism and excretion. Seizures seem to induce the cerebral changes of P-gp and Oatp2. However, the changes of expression of two transporters exhibit the opposite trend. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 might play a different role than P-gp in intractable epilepsy. Our data provide a basis for the assessment of the role of uptake transporters and efflux pumps in the development of intractable epilepsy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are drug transporters altered in brain , liver and kidney of rats with chronic epilepsy induced by lithium-pilocarpine?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pharmacoresistance is a common problem hindering treatment of epilepsy. A possible cause for this resistance is the overexpression of efflux drug transporters, e.g. P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which may decrease extracellular antiepileptic drugs levels in brains of intractable epilepsy patients. Another transmembrane drug transporter is the organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (Oatp2), which is colocalized with P-gp in many polarized tissues. However, a role for Oatp2 in the development of multidrug resistance has not been established. In the present work, we investigated the expression of drug transporters Oatp2 and P-gp in brain, liver and kidney of rats with chronic epilepsy induced by lithium-pilocarpine.', 'Chronic epilepsy was elicited after status epilepticus (SE) induced by lithium-pilocarpine in adult Wistar rats. Following SE, expression of Oatp2 and P-gp protein was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis and messenger RNA (mRNA) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Levels of the drug transporters were compared in brain, liver and kidney of chronic epileptic and control rats.', 'Both Oatp2 and P-gp were expressed in the brain, liver and kidney but predominantly in the brain. In the brain, Oatp2 and P-gp immunopositive cells were observed in brain capillary endothelium and choroid plexus epithelium. Compared with control rats, Oatp2 protein expression in brain was significantly decreased, while P-gp was obviously increased in chronic epileptic rats. P-gp mRNA was also significantly higher in brains of chronic epileptic rats, whereas the expression of Oatp2 did not change. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 and P-gp did not change at the mRNA or protein level with epilepsy in the liver or kidney.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Choroid Plexus', 'Chronic Disease', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Epilepsy', 'Female', 'Kidney', 'Lithium', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Organic Anion Transporters', 'Pilocarpine', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Status Epilepticus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,716 | Are an early increase in gamma glutamyltranspeptidase and low aspartate aminotransferase peak values associated with superior outcomes after orthotopic liver transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Prediction of prognosis after liver transplantation (OLT) remains difficult. The present study determines if standard laboratory parameters measured within the first week after OLT correlate with outcome.",
"Laboratory parameters measured within the first weak after OLT of 328 patients were grouped either graft loss or death within 90 days after (group 1: graft loss; group 2: death; group 3: neither graft loss nor death within 90 days).",
"Peak AST and ALT were significantly lower in group 3 (1867 and 1252 U/L) than in group 1 (4474 and 2077 U/L) or 2 (3121 and 1865 U/L). Bilirubin was significantly lower and gamma-GT significantly higher in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2. In multivariate analysis, high AST peaks were independently associated with death or graft loss within 90 days. An increase in gamma-GT and low bilirubin early after transplantation were found to be independently associated with superior outcome."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aspartate Aminotransferases",
"Biomarkers",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kinetics",
"Liver Diseases",
"Liver Transplantation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Reoperation",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Treatment Outcome",
"gamma-Glutamyltransferase"
]
} | Unexpectedly, a disproportionate rise in gamma-GT was associated with graft and patient survival of more than 90 days. This might be explained by regeneration phenomena in the liver indicative of a well functioning graft. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are an early increase in gamma glutamyltranspeptidase and low aspartate aminotransferase peak values associated with superior outcomes after orthotopic liver transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Prediction of prognosis after liver transplantation (OLT) remains difficult. The present study determines if standard laboratory parameters measured within the first week after OLT correlate with outcome.', 'Laboratory parameters measured within the first weak after OLT of 328 patients were grouped either graft loss or death within 90 days after (group 1: graft loss; group 2: death; group 3: neither graft loss nor death within 90 days).', 'Peak AST and ALT were significantly lower in group 3 (1867 and 1252 U/L) than in group 1 (4474 and 2077 U/L) or 2 (3121 and 1865 U/L). Bilirubin was significantly lower and gamma-GT significantly higher in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2. In multivariate analysis, high AST peaks were independently associated with death or graft loss within 90 days. An increase in gamma-GT and low bilirubin early after transplantation were found to be independently associated with superior outcome.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aspartate Aminotransferases', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Liver Diseases', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,587 | Does the Impact of type 2 diabetes on mortality in end-stage renal disease patients differ between genders? | {
"contexts": [
"In diabetics with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), risk of death has been reported to be non-constant after the first dialysis, and different outcomes have been observed between genders. We assessed the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on mortality in dialysis regarding its differential effect by gender using time-dependent analyses.",
"All T2DM and non-diabetic (no-DM) patients who started dialysis in two renal units in Lyon, France, between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2007, were included. In multivariate analyses, the Cox model and Shoenfeld residual approach were used to assess the effect of T2DM on dialysis mortality by gender.",
"We included 235 T2DM (males: 57.9%) and 480 no-DM (males: 65.6%) patients. In males, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for death in T2DM versus no-DM was 0.83 (p = 0.20) and was constant over time after the first renal replacement therapy (RRT) (p = 0.88). In females, aHR for death in T2DM versus no-DM patients was not constant over time (p = 0.002). It was 0.64 (p = 0.13) within the first year after the first RRT and 2.10 (p = 0.002) after the first year. Evolutions with time of these aHR by gender were significantly different (p = 0.009)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Comorbidity",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Female",
"France",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Sex Distribution",
"Survival Analysis",
"Survival Rate"
]
} | T2DM was associated with death only in females. This association was not constant over time after the first dialysis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the Impact of type 2 diabetes on mortality in end-stage renal disease patients differ between genders?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In diabetics with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), risk of death has been reported to be non-constant after the first dialysis, and different outcomes have been observed between genders. We assessed the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on mortality in dialysis regarding its differential effect by gender using time-dependent analyses.', 'All T2DM and non-diabetic (no-DM) patients who started dialysis in two renal units in Lyon, France, between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2007, were included. In multivariate analyses, the Cox model and Shoenfeld residual approach were used to assess the effect of T2DM on dialysis mortality by gender.', 'We included 235 T2DM (males: 57.9%) and 480 no-DM (males: 65.6%) patients. In males, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for death in T2DM versus no-DM was 0.83 (p = 0.20) and was constant over time after the first renal replacement therapy (RRT) (p = 0.88). In females, aHR for death in T2DM versus no-DM patients was not constant over time (p = 0.002). It was 0.64 (p = 0.13) within the first year after the first RRT and 2.10 (p = 0.002) after the first year. Evolutions with time of these aHR by gender were significantly different (p = 0.009).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Comorbidity', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survival Rate']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,572 | Do manual and electronic probes have similar reliability in the measurement of untreated periodontitis? | {
"contexts": [
"The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed Medline and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science literature databases were searched, and searches made by hand of identified papers, to source relevant data. (BIOSIS Previews) were searched. There were no language restrictions.",
"Studies were evaluated by two reviewers independently. Only clinical trials were included that were published in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages and were performed on humans. Articles were excluded when the examiners were not calibrated; when they did not compare manual and electronic probing techniques; when they did not measure the clinical attachment level (CAL); and when the subjects did not present destructive periodontal disease or had already received periodontal treatment.",
"The quality of the identified studies was assessed and standardised data extracted. Only two studies met all the selection criteria so no meta-analysis was performed.",
"Only two of the 37 identified articles were included in the review. The results of these two studies showed that the mean variance and the absolute mean difference between CAL measurements for the two types of probes were not statistically different."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Manual and electronic probes were of similar reliability when used to measure CAL in individuals who had untreated periodontitis and when used by a calibrated examiner, but this finding is not supported by strong evidence. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do manual and electronic probes have similar reliability in the measurement of untreated periodontitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed Medline and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science literature databases were searched, and searches made by hand of identified papers, to source relevant data. (BIOSIS Previews) were searched. There were no language restrictions.', 'Studies were evaluated by two reviewers independently. Only clinical trials were included that were published in the English, Spanish and Portuguese languages and were performed on humans. Articles were excluded when the examiners were not calibrated; when they did not compare manual and electronic probing techniques; when they did not measure the clinical attachment level (CAL); and when the subjects did not present destructive periodontal disease or had already received periodontal treatment.', 'The quality of the identified studies was assessed and standardised data extracted. Only two studies met all the selection criteria so no meta-analysis was performed.', 'Only two of the 37 identified articles were included in the review. The results of these two studies showed that the mean variance and the absolute mean difference between CAL measurements for the two types of probes were not statistically different.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,544,201 | Is abnormal uterine artery Doppler in pregnancies suspected of a SGA fetus related to increased risk of recurrence during next pregnancy? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate if placental Doppler velocimetry can predict the recurrence of a small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetus in subsequent pregnancies.",
"Retrospective study.",
"City cohort over 15 years attending a university hospital.",
"A total of 196 pregnancies suspected of a SGA fetus (<3rd percentile) evaluated by uterine and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry. Blood velocity waveform was analyzed for pulsatility index (PI) as well as the uterine artery waveform for notching in early diastole.",
"The occurrence of a SGA newborn during the succeeding pregnancy by Doppler results from the previous pregnancy.",
"In the group of 196 pregnancies suspected for SGA, 27 (13.8%) delivered a SGA newborn in the following pregnancy. Thirty-seven (18.9%) of the 196 had an abnormally high PI in the uterine arteries in their first pregnancy, 12 (32.4%) of these delivered a SGA child in the next pregnancy (relative risk 3.44, p<0.001). The corresponding figure for those with normal uterine artery PI was 15 (9.4%). Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was a worse predictor of recurrence of SGA (p=0.051). Uterine artery notching was not related to a SGA newborn during next pregnancy."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Arteries",
"Blood Flow Velocity",
"Female",
"Fetal Growth Retardation",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Small for Gestational Age",
"Linear Models",
"Placental Circulation",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Outcome",
"Pregnancy, High-Risk",
"Recurrence",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Ultrasonography, Doppler",
"Ultrasonography, Prenatal",
"Uterus"
]
} | The results suggest that abnormal uterine artery Doppler is related to increased risk of recurrence of SGA during the next pregnancy. This knowledge might provide the clinician with an opportunity to initiate preventive treatment and increase surveillance to women at risk during succeeding pregnancy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is abnormal uterine artery Doppler in pregnancies suspected of a SGA fetus related to increased risk of recurrence during next pregnancy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate if placental Doppler velocimetry can predict the recurrence of a small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetus in subsequent pregnancies.', 'Retrospective study.', 'City cohort over 15 years attending a university hospital.', 'A total of 196 pregnancies suspected of a SGA fetus (<3rd percentile) evaluated by uterine and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry. Blood velocity waveform was analyzed for pulsatility index (PI) as well as the uterine artery waveform for notching in early diastole.', 'The occurrence of a SGA newborn during the succeeding pregnancy by Doppler results from the previous pregnancy.', 'In the group of 196 pregnancies suspected for SGA, 27 (13.8%) delivered a SGA newborn in the following pregnancy. Thirty-seven (18.9%) of the 196 had an abnormally high PI in the uterine arteries in their first pregnancy, 12 (32.4%) of these delivered a SGA child in the next pregnancy (relative risk 3.44, p<0.001). The corresponding figure for those with normal uterine artery PI was 15 (9.4%). Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was a worse predictor of recurrence of SGA (p=0.051). Uterine artery notching was not related to a SGA newborn during next pregnancy.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Arteries', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Female', 'Fetal Growth Retardation', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Small for Gestational Age', 'Linear Models', 'Placental Circulation', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome', 'Pregnancy, High-Risk', 'Recurrence', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Ultrasonography, Doppler', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal', 'Uterus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,794 | Does nebivolol induce parallel improvement of left ventricular filling pressure and coronary flow reserve in uncomplicated arterial hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Our aim was to analyze the effects of 3-month antihypertensive therapy by nebivolol, a beta-blocking agent with nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatory properties, on coronary flow reserve (CFR) and left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) in uncomplicated arterial hypertension.",
"Twenty newly diagnosed, never treated, uncomplicated hypertensive patients (14 male and six female patients, mean age = 49 years), I-II WHO grade, underwent single-blind nebivolol treatment. At baseline and at 3-month follow-up, patients underwent Doppler echocardiography including pulsed Tissue Doppler of septal mitral annulus: the ratio between transmitral E velocity and myocardial early diastolic velocity (E/Em ratio) was calculated as an index of LVFP degree. Transthoracic Doppler-derived CFR (high-dose dipyridamole coronary diastolic peak flow velocity to resting coronary peak flow velocity ratio) of distal left anterior descending artery was also determined.",
"After 3-month nebivolol therapy, rate-pressure product decreased (P < 0.0001). No significant change of left ventricular mass index, relative wall thickness and midwall shortening was detected. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and stroke volume were both marginally increased. Nebivolol increased Em (P < 0.0001), reduced E/Em ratio (from 9.0 +/- 1.6 to 8.2 +/- 1.1, P < 0.0001) and enhanced CFR (from 2.07 +/- 0.2 to 2.20 +/- 0.2, P = 0.003), because of increased hyperemic coronary flow velocity (P < 0.001). CFR increase remained significant (P < 0.001) after normalizing resting and dipyridamole coronary velocities for the respective rate-pressure product. The increase of normalized CFR induced by nebivolol was related with E/Em ratio decrease (r = -0.65, P < 0.002)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antihypertensive Agents",
"Benzopyrans",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Echocardiography, Doppler",
"Ethanolamines",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nebivolol",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Single-Blind Method",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ventricular Function, Left",
"Ventricular Pressure"
]
} | Nebivolol improves LVFP as well as CFR in uncomplicated hypertension. The association between changes of CFR and those of LVFP indicates a possible common denominator between improvement of coronary microvascular function and myocardial stimulation of nitric oxide release induced by the drug. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nebivolol induce parallel improvement of left ventricular filling pressure and coronary flow reserve in uncomplicated arterial hypertension?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Our aim was to analyze the effects of 3-month antihypertensive therapy by nebivolol, a beta-blocking agent with nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatory properties, on coronary flow reserve (CFR) and left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) in uncomplicated arterial hypertension.', 'Twenty newly diagnosed, never treated, uncomplicated hypertensive patients (14 male and six female patients, mean age = 49 years), I-II WHO grade, underwent single-blind nebivolol treatment. At baseline and at 3-month follow-up, patients underwent Doppler echocardiography including pulsed Tissue Doppler of septal mitral annulus: the ratio between transmitral E velocity and myocardial early diastolic velocity (E/Em ratio) was calculated as an index of LVFP degree. Transthoracic Doppler-derived CFR (high-dose dipyridamole coronary diastolic peak flow velocity to resting coronary peak flow velocity ratio) of distal left anterior descending artery was also determined.', 'After 3-month nebivolol therapy, rate-pressure product decreased (P < 0.0001). No significant change of left ventricular mass index, relative wall thickness and midwall shortening was detected. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and stroke volume were both marginally increased. Nebivolol increased Em (P < 0.0001), reduced E/Em ratio (from 9.0 +/- 1.6 to 8.2 +/- 1.1, P < 0.0001) and enhanced CFR (from 2.07 +/- 0.2 to 2.20 +/- 0.2, P = 0.003), because of increased hyperemic coronary flow velocity (P < 0.001). CFR increase remained significant (P < 0.001) after normalizing resting and dipyridamole coronary velocities for the respective rate-pressure product. The increase of normalized CFR induced by nebivolol was related with E/Em ratio decrease (r = -0.65, P < 0.002).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antihypertensive Agents', 'Benzopyrans', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Echocardiography, Doppler', 'Ethanolamines', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nebivolol', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventricular Function, Left', 'Ventricular Pressure']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,554,541 | Are hFE C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes at low risk of hemochromatosis-related morbidity? | {
"contexts": [
"The risk of hemochromatosis-related morbidity is unknown among HFE compound heterozygotes (C282Y/H63D). We used a prospective population-based cohort study to estimate the prevalence of elevated iron indices and hemochromatosis-related morbidity for compound heterozygotes. In all, 31,192 subjects of northern European descent were genotyped for HFE C282Y and H63D. An HFE-genotype stratified random sample of 1,438 subjects, followed for an average of 12 years to a mean age of 65 years, completed questionnaires and gave blood. Clinical examinations were blinded to HFE genotype. A total of 180 (84 males) clinically examined C282Y/H63D participants were compared with 330 (149 males) controls with neither HFE mutation; 132 (65 males) and 270 (122 males), respectively, had serum iron measures at both timepoints. Mean serum ferritin (SF) and transferrin saturation (TS) were significantly greater for male and female compound heterozygotes than for wild-types at baseline and follow-up (all P < 0.02) except for females who were premenopausal at baseline, where SF was similar in both genotype groups. For subjects with serum measures from both baseline and follow-up, mean SF and TS levels did not change significantly for men or for postmenopausal women, but for premenopausal women SF levels increased from 43 to 109 microg/L for compound heterozygotes and from 35 to 64 microg/L for wild-types (both P < 0.001). Male and female compound heterozygotes had a similar prevalence of hemochromatosis-related morbidity to wild-types. One of 82 males and zero of 95 females had documented iron overload-related disease."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Hemochromatosis",
"Hemochromatosis Protein",
"Heterozygote",
"Histocompatibility Antigens Class I",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | For male compound heterozygotes, mean iron indices do not change during middle age but for female compound heterozygotes menopause results in increased mean SF. Although compound heterozygotes might maintain elevated iron indices during middle age, documented iron overload-related disease is rare. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are hFE C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes at low risk of hemochromatosis-related morbidity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The risk of hemochromatosis-related morbidity is unknown among HFE compound heterozygotes (C282Y/H63D). We used a prospective population-based cohort study to estimate the prevalence of elevated iron indices and hemochromatosis-related morbidity for compound heterozygotes. In all, 31,192 subjects of northern European descent were genotyped for HFE C282Y and H63D. An HFE-genotype stratified random sample of 1,438 subjects, followed for an average of 12 years to a mean age of 65 years, completed questionnaires and gave blood. Clinical examinations were blinded to HFE genotype. A total of 180 (84 males) clinically examined C282Y/H63D participants were compared with 330 (149 males) controls with neither HFE mutation; 132 (65 males) and 270 (122 males), respectively, had serum iron measures at both timepoints. Mean serum ferritin (SF) and transferrin saturation (TS) were significantly greater for male and female compound heterozygotes than for wild-types at baseline and follow-up (all P < 0.02) except for females who were premenopausal at baseline, where SF was similar in both genotype groups. For subjects with serum measures from both baseline and follow-up, mean SF and TS levels did not change significantly for men or for postmenopausal women, but for premenopausal women SF levels increased from 43 to 109 microg/L for compound heterozygotes and from 35 to 64 microg/L for wild-types (both P < 0.001). Male and female compound heterozygotes had a similar prevalence of hemochromatosis-related morbidity to wild-types. One of 82 males and zero of 95 females had documented iron overload-related disease.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hemochromatosis', 'Hemochromatosis Protein', 'Heterozygote', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,559 | Does diabetes mellitus activate signal transduction pathways resulting in vascular endothelial growth factor resistance of human monocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Monocytes are cellular components of wound repair, arteriogenesis, and atherogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and placental growth factor recruit monocytes to sites of arteriogenesis via stimulation of VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1). The chemotactic response of monocytes to VEGF-A is attenuated in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This VEGF resistance correlates with impaired collateral growth. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular basis of VEGF resistance and impaired monocyte response in DM.",
"Phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) could be stimulated with either placental growth factor-1 or VEGF-A in monocytes from non-DM but not DM individuals. In contrast, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine caused a comparable activation of these molecules in both DM and non-DM monocytes. Baseline phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and ERK1/2 was significantly elevated in monocytes from DM compared with non-DM subjects. Of note, H(2)O(2) activated Akt, p38, and ERK1/2 in non-DM monocytes ex vivo. Protein tyrosine phosphatases had stronger oxidative modifications in monocytes from DM than from non-DM individuals, which reflects functional protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition, similar to that seen after H(2)O(2) challenge. Overall, protein tyrosine phosphatase and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B activity were reduced in DM monocytes. DM monocytes revealed higher expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products. Stimulation with advanced glycation end products ligands resulted in activation of non-DM monocytes and inhibition of VEGFR-1-mediated chemotaxis. The elevated baseline phosphorylation/activation of Akt, p38, and ERK1/2 in DM monocytes likely causes the resistance to further stimulation with specific stimuli such as VEGF-A, revealing a molecular explanation of the DM-related signal transduction defect."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Arteries",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Diabetes Mellitus",
"Female",
"Glycation End Products, Advanced",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3",
"Monocytes",
"Neovascularization, Pathologic",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Phosphorylation",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt",
"Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products",
"Receptors, Immunologic",
"Signal Transduction",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1",
"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases"
]
} | We propose that elevated advanced glycation end products expression and increased oxidative stress in diabetic monocytes lead to activation of VEGFR-1-related signaling pathways and to desensitization of VEGFR-1 responses. These data establish VEGF resistance as a novel molecular concept for DM-related cellular dysfunction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does diabetes mellitus activate signal transduction pathways resulting in vascular endothelial growth factor resistance of human monocytes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Monocytes are cellular components of wound repair, arteriogenesis, and atherogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and placental growth factor recruit monocytes to sites of arteriogenesis via stimulation of VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1). The chemotactic response of monocytes to VEGF-A is attenuated in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This VEGF resistance correlates with impaired collateral growth. The aim of this study is to elucidate the molecular basis of VEGF resistance and impaired monocyte response in DM.', 'Phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) could be stimulated with either placental growth factor-1 or VEGF-A in monocytes from non-DM but not DM individuals. In contrast, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine caused a comparable activation of these molecules in both DM and non-DM monocytes. Baseline phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and ERK1/2 was significantly elevated in monocytes from DM compared with non-DM subjects. Of note, H(2)O(2) activated Akt, p38, and ERK1/2 in non-DM monocytes ex vivo. Protein tyrosine phosphatases had stronger oxidative modifications in monocytes from DM than from non-DM individuals, which reflects functional protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition, similar to that seen after H(2)O(2) challenge. Overall, protein tyrosine phosphatase and protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B activity were reduced in DM monocytes. DM monocytes revealed higher expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products. Stimulation with advanced glycation end products ligands resulted in activation of non-DM monocytes and inhibition of VEGFR-1-mediated chemotaxis. The elevated baseline phosphorylation/activation of Akt, p38, and ERK1/2 in DM monocytes likely causes the resistance to further stimulation with specific stimuli such as VEGF-A, revealing a molecular explanation of the DM-related signal transduction defect.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Arteries', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Glycation End Products, Advanced', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Monocytes', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Signal Transduction', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,557 | Do elevated depression symptoms predict long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Depression predicts prognosis in many cardiac conditions, including congestive heart failure (CHF). Despite heightened cardiac risk in patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF) and CHF, depression has not been studied in this group. This substudy, from the AF-CHF Trial of rate- versus rhythm-control strategies, investigated whether depression predicts long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <or=35%, CHF symptoms, and AF history who receive optimal medical care.",
"Depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) were assessed in 974 participants (833 men), with 32.0% showing elevated scores (Beck Depression Inventory-II >or=14). Over a mean follow-up of 39 months, there were 246 cardiovascular deaths (111 presumed arrhythmic; 302 all-cause deaths). Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for other prognostic factors (including age, marital status, cause of CHF, creatinine level, left ventricular ejection fraction, paroxysmal AF, previous AF hospitalization, previous electrical conversion, and baseline medications) showed that elevated depression scores significantly predicted cardiovascular mortality (primary outcome), arrhythmic death, and all-cause mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios were 1.57 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 2.07, P<0.001), 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.53, P=0.01), and 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.77, P=0.01), respectively. The risks associated with depression and marital status were additive, with the highest risk in depressed patients who were unmarried."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Atrial Fibrillation",
"Depression",
"Female",
"Heart Failure",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Marital Status",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Stroke Volume"
]
} | Elevated depression symptoms are related to cardiovascular mortality even after adjustment for other prognostic indicators in patients with comorbid AF and CHF who receive optimized treatment. Unmarried patients are also at increased risk. Mechanisms and treatment options deserve additional study. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do elevated depression symptoms predict long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Depression predicts prognosis in many cardiac conditions, including congestive heart failure (CHF). Despite heightened cardiac risk in patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF) and CHF, depression has not been studied in this group. This substudy, from the AF-CHF Trial of rate- versus rhythm-control strategies, investigated whether depression predicts long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <or=35%, CHF symptoms, and AF history who receive optimal medical care.', 'Depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) were assessed in 974 participants (833 men), with 32.0% showing elevated scores (Beck Depression Inventory-II >or=14). Over a mean follow-up of 39 months, there were 246 cardiovascular deaths (111 presumed arrhythmic; 302 all-cause deaths). Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for other prognostic factors (including age, marital status, cause of CHF, creatinine level, left ventricular ejection fraction, paroxysmal AF, previous AF hospitalization, previous electrical conversion, and baseline medications) showed that elevated depression scores significantly predicted cardiovascular mortality (primary outcome), arrhythmic death, and all-cause mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios were 1.57 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 2.07, P<0.001), 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.53, P=0.01), and 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.77, P=0.01), respectively. The risks associated with depression and marital status were additive, with the highest risk in depressed patients who were unmarried.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Marital Status', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stroke Volume']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,371 | Does post-resuscitation NOS inhibition improve hemodynamic recovery of hypoxic newborn pigs? | {
"contexts": [
"Significant improvement in myocardial recovery has been shown previously with interventions to decrease reactive oxygen species after ischemia/hypoxia. We investigated whether co-administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a scavenger for reactive oxygen species) and N (G)-monomethyl-L: -arginine (L-NMMA, a non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) results in better hemodynamic recovery.",
"Controlled, block-randomized study.",
"University research laboratory.",
"Mixed breed piglets (1-4d, 1.6-2.4 kg).",
"Acutely instrumented piglets received normocapnic alveolar hypoxia (10-15% oxygen) for 2 h followed by reoxygenation with 100% oxygen (1 h) then 21% oxygen (3 h). After reoxygenation, hypoxic-reoxygenated piglets were given either saline (controls), NAC [30 mg/kg bolus + 20 mg/(kg h) infusion], NMMA [0.1 mg/kg bolus + 0.1 mg/(kg h) infusion] or NAC + L-NMMA via intravenous infusion in a blinded, randomized fashion (n = 8/group). Sham-operated piglets had no hypoxia-reoxygenation (n = 5).",
"Both cardiac index and stroke volume of hypoxia-reoxygenation controls remained depressed during reoxygenation (vs. normoxic baseline, p < 0.05). Post-resuscitation treatment with L-NMMA alone did not improve systemic hemodynamic recovery, but caused pulmonary hypertension (vs. controls). In contrast, treating the piglets with either NAC or NAC + L-NMMA improved cardiac index and stroke volume, with no effect on heart rate and blood pressure (vs. controls). These treatments also decreased various oxidative stress markers in myocardial tissues (vs. controls). However, there was no significant difference between NAC- and NAC + L-NMMA groups in all examined parameters."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcysteine",
"Alberta",
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Blood Gas Analysis",
"Hemodynamics",
"Hypoxia",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Random Allocation",
"Resuscitation",
"Stroke Volume",
"Swine"
]
} | Post-resuscitation administration of NAC improved cardiac function and reduced oxidative stress in newborn pigs with hypoxia-reoxygenation insult. Low-dose, non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase activity did not provide any further beneficial effect. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does post-resuscitation NOS inhibition improve hemodynamic recovery of hypoxic newborn pigs?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Significant improvement in myocardial recovery has been shown previously with interventions to decrease reactive oxygen species after ischemia/hypoxia. We investigated whether co-administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC, a scavenger for reactive oxygen species) and N (G)-monomethyl-L: -arginine (L-NMMA, a non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) results in better hemodynamic recovery.', 'Controlled, block-randomized study.', 'University research laboratory.', 'Mixed breed piglets (1-4d, 1.6-2.4 kg).', 'Acutely instrumented piglets received normocapnic alveolar hypoxia (10-15% oxygen) for 2 h followed by reoxygenation with 100% oxygen (1 h) then 21% oxygen (3 h). After reoxygenation, hypoxic-reoxygenated piglets were given either saline (controls), NAC [30 mg/kg bolus + 20 mg/(kg h) infusion], NMMA [0.1 mg/kg bolus + 0.1 mg/(kg h) infusion] or NAC + L-NMMA via intravenous infusion in a blinded, randomized fashion (n = 8/group). Sham-operated piglets had no hypoxia-reoxygenation (n = 5).', 'Both cardiac index and stroke volume of hypoxia-reoxygenation controls remained depressed during reoxygenation (vs. normoxic baseline, p < 0.05). Post-resuscitation treatment with L-NMMA alone did not improve systemic hemodynamic recovery, but caused pulmonary hypertension (vs. controls). In contrast, treating the piglets with either NAC or NAC + L-NMMA improved cardiac index and stroke volume, with no effect on heart rate and blood pressure (vs. controls). These treatments also decreased various oxidative stress markers in myocardial tissues (vs. controls). However, there was no significant difference between NAC- and NAC + L-NMMA groups in all examined parameters.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcysteine', 'Alberta', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Hemodynamics', 'Hypoxia', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Random Allocation', 'Resuscitation', 'Stroke Volume', 'Swine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,564,453 | Are new users of metformin at low risk of incident cancer : a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"The antidiabetic properties of metformin are mediated through its ability to activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activation of AMPK can suppress tumor formation and inhibit cell growth in addition to lowering blood glucose levels. We tested the hypothesis that metformin reduces the risk of cancer in people with type 2 diabetes.",
"In an observational cohort study using record-linkage databases and based in Tayside, Scotland, U.K., we identified people with type 2 diabetes who were new users of metformin in 1994-2003. We also identified a set of diabetic comparators, individually matched to the metformin users by year of diabetes diagnosis, who had never used metformin. In a survival analysis we calculated hazard ratios for diagnosis of cancer, adjusted for baseline characteristics of the two groups using Cox regression.",
"Cancer was diagnosed among 7.3% of 4,085 metformin users compared with 11.6% of 4,085 comparators, with median times to cancer of 3.5 and 2.6 years, respectively (P < 0.001). The unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for cancer was 0.46 (0.40-0.53). After adjusting for sex, age, BMI, A1C, deprivation, smoking, and other drug use, there was still a significantly reduced risk of cancer associated with metformin: 0.63 (0.53-0.75)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cohort Studies",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypoglycemic Agents",
"Male",
"Metformin",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasms",
"Proportional Hazards Models"
]
} | These results suggest that metformin use may be associated with a reduced risk of cancer. A randomized trial is needed to assess whether metformin is protective in a population at high risk for cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are new users of metformin at low risk of incident cancer : a cohort study among people with type 2 diabetes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The antidiabetic properties of metformin are mediated through its ability to activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Activation of AMPK can suppress tumor formation and inhibit cell growth in addition to lowering blood glucose levels. We tested the hypothesis that metformin reduces the risk of cancer in people with type 2 diabetes.', 'In an observational cohort study using record-linkage databases and based in Tayside, Scotland, U.K., we identified people with type 2 diabetes who were new users of metformin in 1994-2003. We also identified a set of diabetic comparators, individually matched to the metformin users by year of diabetes diagnosis, who had never used metformin. In a survival analysis we calculated hazard ratios for diagnosis of cancer, adjusted for baseline characteristics of the two groups using Cox regression.', 'Cancer was diagnosed among 7.3% of 4,085 metformin users compared with 11.6% of 4,085 comparators, with median times to cancer of 3.5 and 2.6 years, respectively (P < 0.001). The unadjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) for cancer was 0.46 (0.40-0.53). After adjusting for sex, age, BMI, A1C, deprivation, smoking, and other drug use, there was still a significantly reduced risk of cancer associated with metformin: 0.63 (0.53-0.75).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Male', 'Metformin', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Proportional Hazards Models']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,456 | Are microalbuminuria and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction independently associated with cardiovascular mortality : evidence for distinct pathways : the Hoorn Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Microalbuminuria is associated with cardiovascular mortality, particularly among individuals with type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood. Microalbuminuria is known to be associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (C-AD), and C-AD in turn is associated with cardiovascular mortality. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate whether C-AD can explain the relationship between microalbuminuria and cardiovascular mortality.",
"We studied 490 individuals from a population-based cohort of individuals aged 50-75 years who were followed for a median period of 13.6 years. Microalbuminuria was defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio > or =2.0 mg/mmol in an early-morning spot-urine sample. Ten parameters reflecting different aspects of cardiovascular autonomic function were measured and compiled into a total score of C-AD (mean of separate z scores). The association between C-AD and microalbuminuria was estimated by multiple linear regression, and relative risks (RRs) for cardiovascular mortality were estimated by Cox proportional hazards analyses.",
"After adjustments for age, sex, glucose tolerance status, and other risk factors, C-AD was associated with microalbuminuria (beta = 0.16 [95% CI 0.01-0.33]), and both microalbuminuria (RR 2.09 [1.07-4.08]) and C-AD (1.74 [1.04-2.89]) were associated with cardiovascular mortality. These associations did not change after further mutual adjustment for C-AD (2.13 [1.09-4.17]) or microalbuminuria (1.76 [1.05-2.94]), respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Albuminuria",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Risk Factors",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | Both microalbuminuria and C-AD are independently associated with cardiovascular mortality, and the excess mortality attributable to microalbuminuria cannot be explained by C-AD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are microalbuminuria and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction independently associated with cardiovascular mortality : evidence for distinct pathways : the Hoorn Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Microalbuminuria is associated with cardiovascular mortality, particularly among individuals with type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood. Microalbuminuria is known to be associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (C-AD), and C-AD in turn is associated with cardiovascular mortality. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to investigate whether C-AD can explain the relationship between microalbuminuria and cardiovascular mortality.', 'We studied 490 individuals from a population-based cohort of individuals aged 50-75 years who were followed for a median period of 13.6 years. Microalbuminuria was defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio > or =2.0 mg/mmol in an early-morning spot-urine sample. Ten parameters reflecting different aspects of cardiovascular autonomic function were measured and compiled into a total score of C-AD (mean of separate z scores). The association between C-AD and microalbuminuria was estimated by multiple linear regression, and relative risks (RRs) for cardiovascular mortality were estimated by Cox proportional hazards analyses.', 'After adjustments for age, sex, glucose tolerance status, and other risk factors, C-AD was associated with microalbuminuria (beta = 0.16 [95% CI 0.01-0.33]), and both microalbuminuria (RR 2.09 [1.07-4.08]) and C-AD (1.74 [1.04-2.89]) were associated with cardiovascular mortality. These associations did not change after further mutual adjustment for C-AD (2.13 [1.09-4.17]) or microalbuminuria (1.76 [1.05-2.94]), respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Albuminuria', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,757 | Is fertilization rate an independent predictor of implantation rate? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether fertilization rate serves as a biological assay, reflects oocyte quality, and may be used to help predict patient implantation rate.",
"Retrospective cohort study.",
"Academic center.",
"Couples undergoing 3603 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles from 2001 to 2007.",
"None.",
"We compared the implantation rate among cycles with high versus low fertilization rate. Univariate analyses were performed to determine the association of implantation rate with potential confounding variables: age, day-3 follicle-stimulating hormone level, day-3 estradiol level, antral follicle count, oocyte number, cycle attempts, embryo grading, and number of embryos transferred. Multivariate analysis was then performed to determine whether the fertilization rate remained an independent predictor.",
"Cutoffs for fertilization rate were 50% for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and 75% for conventional insemination. Higher ICSI fertilization was statistically significantly associated with the implantation rate (25.2% vs. 17.8 %). After adjusting for variables associated with implantation rate, fertilization rate for ICSI remained a strong independent predictor of implantation. Higher conventional insemination fertilization was statistically significantly associated with implantation (32.1% vs. 25.7%) and remained a statistically significant predictor after adjustment."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cohort Studies",
"Decision Making",
"Embryo Implantation",
"Embryo Transfer",
"Epidemiologic Factors",
"Female",
"Fertilization",
"Humans",
"Infertility",
"Male",
"Oocytes",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Rate",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Fertilization is a strong, independent predictor of implantation rate and may be useful in modeling to guide decision making for the number of embryos to transfer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is fertilization rate an independent predictor of implantation rate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether fertilization rate serves as a biological assay, reflects oocyte quality, and may be used to help predict patient implantation rate.', 'Retrospective cohort study.', 'Academic center.', 'Couples undergoing 3603 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles from 2001 to 2007.', 'None.', 'We compared the implantation rate among cycles with high versus low fertilization rate. Univariate analyses were performed to determine the association of implantation rate with potential confounding variables: age, day-3 follicle-stimulating hormone level, day-3 estradiol level, antral follicle count, oocyte number, cycle attempts, embryo grading, and number of embryos transferred. Multivariate analysis was then performed to determine whether the fertilization rate remained an independent predictor.', 'Cutoffs for fertilization rate were 50% for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and 75% for conventional insemination. Higher ICSI fertilization was statistically significantly associated with the implantation rate (25.2% vs. 17.8 %). After adjusting for variables associated with implantation rate, fertilization rate for ICSI remained a strong independent predictor of implantation. Higher conventional insemination fertilization was statistically significantly associated with implantation (32.1% vs. 25.7%) and remained a statistically significant predictor after adjustment.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Cohort Studies', 'Decision Making', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Epidemiologic Factors', 'Female', 'Fertilization', 'Humans', 'Infertility', 'Male', 'Oocytes', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,552,670 | Do feasibility of using tissue Doppler velocities in stress echo during upright bicycle exercise? | {
"contexts": [
"There are several studies on myocardial tissue Doppler velocities during dobutamine stress, but few studies on the same parameters during bicycle exercise. We wanted to examine how sample sites affected velocities, beat-to-beat variability and segments eligible for analysis.",
"Twenty patients with normal coronary arteries were included in the study. Echocardiograms were obtained at rest and at peak exercise on the exercise bike and were analyzed off line by two independent raters."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Echocardiography, Stress",
"Elasticity Imaging Techniques",
"Exercise Test",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left"
]
} | Tissue velocities decreased from base to apex. Mean difference between the raters was-0.02 cm/sec at rest and 0.45 cm/sec during exercise. Peak-to-peak variability was lowest in the mitral ring during rest (10-14%) and increased at peak exercise (15-21%). The proportion of segments eligible for analysis was 84% in the septum and 67% in the anterior wall during exercise. Thus, in patients with normal coronary arteries, tissue Doppler velocities decrease from base toward the apex during bicycle exercise. Interrater agreement is reduced during exercise and beat-to-beat variability is lowest in the mitral ring. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do feasibility of using tissue Doppler velocities in stress echo during upright bicycle exercise?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There are several studies on myocardial tissue Doppler velocities during dobutamine stress, but few studies on the same parameters during bicycle exercise. We wanted to examine how sample sites affected velocities, beat-to-beat variability and segments eligible for analysis.', 'Twenty patients with normal coronary arteries were included in the study. Echocardiograms were obtained at rest and at peak exercise on the exercise bike and were analyzed off line by two independent raters.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Echocardiography, Stress', 'Elasticity Imaging Techniques', 'Exercise Test', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,121 | Are joystick interfaces suitable for robotized endoscope applied to NOTES? | {
"contexts": [
"NOTES has changed the working environment of endoscopy, leading to new difficulties. The limitations of conventional endoscopes call for the development of new platforms. Robotics may be the answer.",
"The authors compared human to robotized manipulation of a flexible endoscope into the abdominal cavity, in an animal model. Thirty-two participants were enrolled. Results were analyzed according to the clinical background of the participants: experienced endoscopists, experienced laparoscopists, and medical students. Two single-channel gastroscopes were used. Whereas one was not modified, the other had the handling wheels replaced by motors controlled through a computer and a joystick. A NOTES transgastric approach was used to access the peritoneal cavity. The time to touch previously positioned intra-abdominal numbered plastic targets was recorded 3 times with each endoscope.",
"Mean time to complete the tasks was significantly shorter using the conventional endoscope (2.71 vs 6.96 minutes, P < .001). When the robotized endoscope was used, the mean times of endoscopists (7.42 minutes), laparoscopists (6.84 minutes), and students (6.77 minutes) were statistically identical. No differences were found between laparoscopists and students in both techniques."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Clinical Competence",
"Equipment Design",
"Gastroscopes",
"Gastroscopy",
"Humans",
"Robotics",
"Swine",
"Task Performance and Analysis",
"User-Computer Interface"
]
} | Applying robotics to a flexible endoscope fails to enhance ability to move into the abdominal cavity, partly because of the interface. To overcome the limitations of endoscope when performing complex NOTES tasks, robotics may be useful, especially to control the instruments and to stabilize the endoscope itself. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are joystick interfaces suitable for robotized endoscope applied to NOTES?\nContext: {'contexts': ['NOTES has changed the working environment of endoscopy, leading to new difficulties. The limitations of conventional endoscopes call for the development of new platforms. Robotics may be the answer.', 'The authors compared human to robotized manipulation of a flexible endoscope into the abdominal cavity, in an animal model. Thirty-two participants were enrolled. Results were analyzed according to the clinical background of the participants: experienced endoscopists, experienced laparoscopists, and medical students. Two single-channel gastroscopes were used. Whereas one was not modified, the other had the handling wheels replaced by motors controlled through a computer and a joystick. A NOTES transgastric approach was used to access the peritoneal cavity. The time to touch previously positioned intra-abdominal numbered plastic targets was recorded 3 times with each endoscope.', 'Mean time to complete the tasks was significantly shorter using the conventional endoscope (2.71 vs 6.96 minutes, P < .001). When the robotized endoscope was used, the mean times of endoscopists (7.42 minutes), laparoscopists (6.84 minutes), and students (6.77 minutes) were statistically identical. No differences were found between laparoscopists and students in both techniques.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Clinical Competence', 'Equipment Design', 'Gastroscopes', 'Gastroscopy', 'Humans', 'Robotics', 'Swine', 'Task Performance and Analysis', 'User-Computer Interface']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,549,766 | Do urine analysis and protein networking identify met as a marker of metastatic prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Metastatic prostate cancer is a major cause of death of men in the United States. Expression of met, a receptor tyrosine kinase, has been associated with progression of prostate cancer.",
"To investigate met as a biomarker of disease progression, urinary met was evaluated via ELISA in men with localized (n = 75) and metastatic (n = 81) prostate cancer. Boxplot analysis was used to compare the distribution of met values between each group. We estimated a receiver operating characteristic curve and the associated area under the curve to summarize the diagnostic accuracy of met for distinguishing between localized and metastatic disease. Protein-protein interaction networking via yeast two-hybrid technology supplemented by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and Human Interactome was used to elucidate proteins and pathways related to met that may contribute to progression of disease.",
"Met distribution was significantly different between the metastatic group and the group with localized prostate cancer and people with no evidence of cancer (P < 0.0001). The area under the curve for localized and metastatic disease was 0.90, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.84 to 0.95. Yeast two-hybrid technology, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and Human Interactome identified 89 proteins that interact with met, of which 40 have previously been associated with metastatic prostate cancer."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Metabolic Networks and Pathways",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Proteins",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met",
"ROC Curve",
"Receptors, Growth Factor",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured",
"Urinalysis"
]
} | Urinary met may provide a noninvasive biomarker indicative of metastatic prostate cancer and may be a central regulator of multiple pathways involved in prostate cancer progression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do urine analysis and protein networking identify met as a marker of metastatic prostate cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Metastatic prostate cancer is a major cause of death of men in the United States. Expression of met, a receptor tyrosine kinase, has been associated with progression of prostate cancer.', 'To investigate met as a biomarker of disease progression, urinary met was evaluated via ELISA in men with localized (n = 75) and metastatic (n = 81) prostate cancer. Boxplot analysis was used to compare the distribution of met values between each group. We estimated a receiver operating characteristic curve and the associated area under the curve to summarize the diagnostic accuracy of met for distinguishing between localized and metastatic disease. Protein-protein interaction networking via yeast two-hybrid technology supplemented by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and Human Interactome was used to elucidate proteins and pathways related to met that may contribute to progression of disease.', 'Met distribution was significantly different between the metastatic group and the group with localized prostate cancer and people with no evidence of cancer (P < 0.0001). The area under the curve for localized and metastatic disease was 0.90, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.84 to 0.95. Yeast two-hybrid technology, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and Human Interactome identified 89 proteins that interact with met, of which 40 have previously been associated with metastatic prostate cancer.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met', 'ROC Curve', 'Receptors, Growth Factor', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Urinalysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,275 | Are paternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy related to excessive infant crying? | {
"contexts": [
"Excessive infant crying, or infantile colic, is a common and often stress-inducing problem for parents that can ultimately result in child abuse. From previous research it is known that maternal depression is related to excessive crying, but so far little is known about the influence of paternal depression.",
"In a prospective, population-based study, we obtained information on both maternal and paternal depressive symptoms at 20 weeks of pregnancy by using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Parental depressive symptoms were related to excessive crying in 4426 two-month-old infants. The definition of excessive crying was based on the widely used Wessel's criteria (ie, crying >3 hours for >3 days in the past week).",
"After adjustment for depressive symptoms of the mother and relevant confounders, we found a 1.29 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.52) higher risk of excessive infant crying per SD of paternal depressive symptoms."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Colic",
"Crying",
"Depression",
"Father-Child Relations",
"Fathers",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"Stress, Psychological"
]
} | Our findings indicate that paternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy might be a risk factor for excessive infant crying. This finding could be related to genetic transmission, interaction of a father with lasting depressive symptoms with the infant, or related indirectly through contextual stressors such as marital, familial, or economic distress. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are paternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy related to excessive infant crying?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Excessive infant crying, or infantile colic, is a common and often stress-inducing problem for parents that can ultimately result in child abuse. From previous research it is known that maternal depression is related to excessive crying, but so far little is known about the influence of paternal depression.', \"In a prospective, population-based study, we obtained information on both maternal and paternal depressive symptoms at 20 weeks of pregnancy by using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Parental depressive symptoms were related to excessive crying in 4426 two-month-old infants. The definition of excessive crying was based on the widely used Wessel's criteria (ie, crying >3 hours for >3 days in the past week).\", 'After adjustment for depressive symptoms of the mother and relevant confounders, we found a 1.29 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.52) higher risk of excessive infant crying per SD of paternal depressive symptoms.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Colic', 'Crying', 'Depression', 'Father-Child Relations', 'Fathers', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Stress, Psychological']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,051 | Does an ultrasound-assisted approach facilitate spinal anesthesia for total joint arthroplasty? | {
"contexts": [
"Spinal anesthesia can be challenging in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty because of poorly palpable surface landmarks and age-related changes in the lumbar spine. We hypothesized that pre-procedural ultrasound imaging would be effective in identifying the lumbar intervertebral spaces and would provide an accurate measure of the depth to the intrathecal space.",
"Fifty patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty were recruited in this prospective descriptive study. Using a curved-array 2-5 MHz transducer, the lumbar spine was imaged in two views, i.e., longitudinal parasagittal (LP) and transverse midline (TM). The intervertebral levels were identified by counting upwards from the sacrum. The locations of the interlaminar spaces were identified by visualizing the ligamentum flavum-dura mater complex and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body. The needle insertion point for a midline approach was determined from the ultrasound examination and was marked on the skin of the patient's back.",
"The mean patient age was 67 +/- 10 yr, and 46% of the patients had a body mass index >30 kg . m(-2). Surface landmarks were difficult or impossible to palpate in 38% of the patients. The scan quality on the LP and TM views was adequate or better in 100 and 98% of the patients, respectively. Dural puncture was achieved with one needle insertion attempt and within two needle insertion attempts in 84% and 98% of the patients, respectively. The ultrasound-measured depth to the intrathecal space correlated well with the actual needle insertion depth (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.82, accuracy 0.95, precision 0.86), with a tendency to overestimate the depth by just 2.1 +/- 5.4 mm."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Anesthesia, Spinal",
"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip",
"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Middle Aged",
"Preoperative Care",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ultrasonography, Interventional"
]
} | Ultrasound imaging of the lumbar spine provides clinically useful information that can facilitate spinal anesthesia in the older orthopedic patient population. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does an ultrasound-assisted approach facilitate spinal anesthesia for total joint arthroplasty?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Spinal anesthesia can be challenging in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty because of poorly palpable surface landmarks and age-related changes in the lumbar spine. We hypothesized that pre-procedural ultrasound imaging would be effective in identifying the lumbar intervertebral spaces and would provide an accurate measure of the depth to the intrathecal space.', \"Fifty patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty were recruited in this prospective descriptive study. Using a curved-array 2-5 MHz transducer, the lumbar spine was imaged in two views, i.e., longitudinal parasagittal (LP) and transverse midline (TM). The intervertebral levels were identified by counting upwards from the sacrum. The locations of the interlaminar spaces were identified by visualizing the ligamentum flavum-dura mater complex and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body. The needle insertion point for a midline approach was determined from the ultrasound examination and was marked on the skin of the patient's back.\", 'The mean patient age was 67 +/- 10 yr, and 46% of the patients had a body mass index >30 kg . m(-2). Surface landmarks were difficult or impossible to palpate in 38% of the patients. The scan quality on the LP and TM views was adequate or better in 100 and 98% of the patients, respectively. Dural puncture was achieved with one needle insertion attempt and within two needle insertion attempts in 84% and 98% of the patients, respectively. The ultrasound-measured depth to the intrathecal space correlated well with the actual needle insertion depth (concordance correlation coefficient = 0.82, accuracy 0.95, precision 0.86), with a tendency to overestimate the depth by just 2.1 +/- 5.4 mm.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Anesthesia, Spinal', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Middle Aged', 'Preoperative Care', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ultrasonography, Interventional']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,541,001 | Is urinary free cortisone , but not cortisol , associated with urine volume in severe obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"High urine volume enhances urinary free cortisol (UFF) and cortisone (UFE) excretion rates in normal-weight adults and children. Renal excretion rates of glucocorticoids (GC) and their metabolites are frequently altered in obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether UFF and UFE excretion is also affected by urine volume in severely obese subjects.",
"In 24-h urine samples of 59 extremely obese subjects (mean BMI 45.3+/-8.9 kg/m(2)) and 20 healthy lean subjects (BMI 22.1+/-1.8 kg/m(2)), UFF and UFE, tetrahydrocortisol (THF), 5alpha-tetrahydrocortisol (5alpha-THF), and tetrahydrocortisone (THE) were quantified by RIA. The sum of THF, 5alpha-THF, and THE (GC3), the three major GC metabolites, reflects daily cortisol secretion. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) activity was assessed by the ratio UFE/UFF. Daily GC excretion rates were corrected for urine creatinine and adjusted for gender and body weight.",
"In extremely obese subjects, urine volume was significantly associated with creatinine-corrected UFE and 11beta-HSD2 activity after adjustment for gender and BMI (r=0.47, p=0.0002 and r=0.31, p=0.02, respectively). However, urine volume was not associated with creatinine-corrected UFF and GC3 (p=0.4 and p=0.6, respectively). In lean controls, urine volume was significantly associated with creatinine-corrected UFE and UFF (r=0.58, p=0.01 and r=0.55, p=0.02, respectively), whereas urine volume was not associated with 11beta-HSD2 activity after appropriate adjustment (p=0.3)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cortisone",
"Drinking",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Kidney",
"Male",
"Obesity, Morbid",
"Urination",
"Urine"
]
} | In severe obesity, in contrast to normal weight, renal excretion of UFE, but not of UFF is affected by fluid intake. This discrepancy may be due to the increased renal 11beta-HSD2 activity in obesity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is urinary free cortisone , but not cortisol , associated with urine volume in severe obesity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['High urine volume enhances urinary free cortisol (UFF) and cortisone (UFE) excretion rates in normal-weight adults and children. Renal excretion rates of glucocorticoids (GC) and their metabolites are frequently altered in obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether UFF and UFE excretion is also affected by urine volume in severely obese subjects.', 'In 24-h urine samples of 59 extremely obese subjects (mean BMI 45.3+/-8.9 kg/m(2)) and 20 healthy lean subjects (BMI 22.1+/-1.8 kg/m(2)), UFF and UFE, tetrahydrocortisol (THF), 5alpha-tetrahydrocortisol (5alpha-THF), and tetrahydrocortisone (THE) were quantified by RIA. The sum of THF, 5alpha-THF, and THE (GC3), the three major GC metabolites, reflects daily cortisol secretion. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) activity was assessed by the ratio UFE/UFF. Daily GC excretion rates were corrected for urine creatinine and adjusted for gender and body weight.', 'In extremely obese subjects, urine volume was significantly associated with creatinine-corrected UFE and 11beta-HSD2 activity after adjustment for gender and BMI (r=0.47, p=0.0002 and r=0.31, p=0.02, respectively). However, urine volume was not associated with creatinine-corrected UFF and GC3 (p=0.4 and p=0.6, respectively). In lean controls, urine volume was significantly associated with creatinine-corrected UFE and UFF (r=0.58, p=0.01 and r=0.55, p=0.02, respectively), whereas urine volume was not associated with 11beta-HSD2 activity after appropriate adjustment (p=0.3).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Cortisone', 'Drinking', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Obesity, Morbid', 'Urination', 'Urine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,541,004 | Does soluble CD40 ligand induce human coronary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical data have shown that an increased level of serum soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is associated with atherosclerogenesis. We hypothesize that sCD40L induces proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).",
"Human VSMCs were treated with sCD40L (1 or 5 microg/mL). Cell proliferation and migration were studied using a nonradioactive cell proliferation assay (MTT) and a modified Boyden chamber combined with a scrape-wound assay, respectively. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Neutralizing antibodies against MMP-2 or MMP-9 were used to evaluate their effects on sCD40L-induced cell proliferation and migration.",
"MTT assay showed a 35% increase in cell proliferation in the high-dose (5 microg/mL) sCD40L-treated group. Cell migration was also increased by 33% (Transwell assay) to 3-fold (scrape-wound assay) after high-dose sCD40L treatment. When cells were treated with 5 microg/mL of sCD40L for 24 hours, significant decreases in MMP-2 and increases in MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels were observed. Neutralizing antibodies against MMP-9 effectively blocked sCD40L-induced cell proliferation and migration."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Atherosclerosis",
"CD40 Ligand",
"Cell Movement",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Coronary Vessels",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Humans",
"Hyperplasia",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 2",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Tunica Intima"
]
} | This study suggests that sCD40L increases VSMC proliferation and migration through the MMP-9 pathway, which may be a potential mechanism through which sCD40L induces intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does soluble CD40 ligand induce human coronary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Clinical data have shown that an increased level of serum soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is associated with atherosclerogenesis. We hypothesize that sCD40L induces proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).', 'Human VSMCs were treated with sCD40L (1 or 5 microg/mL). Cell proliferation and migration were studied using a nonradioactive cell proliferation assay (MTT) and a modified Boyden chamber combined with a scrape-wound assay, respectively. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured with real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Neutralizing antibodies against MMP-2 or MMP-9 were used to evaluate their effects on sCD40L-induced cell proliferation and migration.', 'MTT assay showed a 35% increase in cell proliferation in the high-dose (5 microg/mL) sCD40L-treated group. Cell migration was also increased by 33% (Transwell assay) to 3-fold (scrape-wound assay) after high-dose sCD40L treatment. When cells were treated with 5 microg/mL of sCD40L for 24 hours, significant decreases in MMP-2 and increases in MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels were observed. Neutralizing antibodies against MMP-9 effectively blocked sCD40L-induced cell proliferation and migration.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Atherosclerosis', 'CD40 Ligand', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Hyperplasia', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tunica Intima']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,541,005 | Does adenovirus-mediated overexpression of human tissue plasminogen activator prevent peritoneal adhesion formation/reformation in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) demonstrated beneficial effects on peritoneal adhesion formation; however, its short half-life limits its continual fibrinolytic effect. Therefore, we delivered adenovirus encoding tPA to prevent adhesions.",
"Rats were subjected to peritoneal injury and assigned to two protocols. In de novo adhesion protocol, adenovirus encoding human tPA gene (Ad-htPA) was instilled after peritoneal injury in group 1 (n = 22), whereas group 2 received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (n = 24). In recurrent adhesion protocol, group 1 (n = 15) received the same Ad-htPA dose after adhesiolysis and group 2 (n = 13) received PBS. Adhesion severity was scored 1 week after ad-htPA instillation. Adhesions were analyzed for htPA mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and levels of htPA, and fibrinolytic inhibitors PAI-1, TIMP-1, and TGF-beta1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.",
"htPA mRNA and protein were only expressed in adhesions from treated groups. A reduction in adhesion scores (P < .01) and in fibrinolytic inhibitors (P < .001) occurred in the treatment groups. Also, negative correlation was found (r = -.69, P < .01) between adhesion scores and htPA protein, but a positive correlation was found (r = .90, P < .01) between adhesion score and fibrinolytic inhibitors. No bleeding or wound complications were encountered."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoviridae",
"Animals",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Fibrinolysis",
"Humans",
"Injections, Intraperitoneal",
"Male",
"Peritoneal Diseases",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Tissue Adhesions",
"Tissue Plasminogen Activator",
"Transfection"
]
} | Administration of adenovector encoding htPA is safe and decreased de novo and recurrent peritoneal adhesions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does adenovirus-mediated overexpression of human tissue plasminogen activator prevent peritoneal adhesion formation/reformation in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) demonstrated beneficial effects on peritoneal adhesion formation; however, its short half-life limits its continual fibrinolytic effect. Therefore, we delivered adenovirus encoding tPA to prevent adhesions.', 'Rats were subjected to peritoneal injury and assigned to two protocols. In de novo adhesion protocol, adenovirus encoding human tPA gene (Ad-htPA) was instilled after peritoneal injury in group 1 (n = 22), whereas group 2 received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (n = 24). In recurrent adhesion protocol, group 1 (n = 15) received the same Ad-htPA dose after adhesiolysis and group 2 (n = 13) received PBS. Adhesion severity was scored 1 week after ad-htPA instillation. Adhesions were analyzed for htPA mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and levels of htPA, and fibrinolytic inhibitors PAI-1, TIMP-1, and TGF-beta1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.', 'htPA mRNA and protein were only expressed in adhesions from treated groups. A reduction in adhesion scores (P < .01) and in fibrinolytic inhibitors (P < .001) occurred in the treatment groups. Also, negative correlation was found (r = -.69, P < .01) between adhesion scores and htPA protein, but a positive correlation was found (r = .90, P < .01) between adhesion score and fibrinolytic inhibitors. No bleeding or wound complications were encountered.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoviridae', 'Animals', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fibrinolysis', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Male', 'Peritoneal Diseases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tissue Adhesions', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator', 'Transfection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,547,701 | Does chlamydia pneumoniae hide inside apoptotic neutrophils to silently infect and propagate in macrophages? | {
"contexts": [
"Intracellular pathogens have developed elaborate strategies for silent infection of preferred host cells. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common pathogen in acute infections of the respiratory tract (e.g. pneumonia) and associated with chronic lung sequelae in adults and children. Within the lung, alveolar macrophages and polymorph nuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first line of defense against bacteria, but also preferred host phagocytes of chlamydiae.",
"We could show that C. pneumoniae easily infect and hide inside neutrophil granulocytes until these cells become apoptotic and are subsequently taken up by macrophages. C. pneumoniae infection of macrophages via apoptotic PMN results in enhanced replicative activity of chlamydiae when compared to direct infection of macrophages, which results in persistence of the pathogen. Inhibition of the apoptotic recognition of C. pneumoniae infected PMN using PS- masking Annexin A5 significantly lowered the transmission of chlamydial infection to macrophages. Transfer of apoptotic C. pneumoniae infected PMN to macrophages resulted in an increased TGF-ss production, whereas direct infection of macrophages with chlamydiae was characterized by an enhanced TNF-alpha response."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Separation",
"Chlamydophila pneumoniae",
"Cytokines",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Granulocytes",
"Humans",
"Macrophages",
"Macrophages, Alveolar",
"Models, Biological",
"Neutrophils",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | Taken together, our data suggest that C. pneumoniae uses neutrophil granulocytes to be silently taken up by long-lived macrophages, which allows for efficient propagation and immune protection within the human host. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does chlamydia pneumoniae hide inside apoptotic neutrophils to silently infect and propagate in macrophages?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Intracellular pathogens have developed elaborate strategies for silent infection of preferred host cells. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common pathogen in acute infections of the respiratory tract (e.g. pneumonia) and associated with chronic lung sequelae in adults and children. Within the lung, alveolar macrophages and polymorph nuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first line of defense against bacteria, but also preferred host phagocytes of chlamydiae.', 'We could show that C. pneumoniae easily infect and hide inside neutrophil granulocytes until these cells become apoptotic and are subsequently taken up by macrophages. C. pneumoniae infection of macrophages via apoptotic PMN results in enhanced replicative activity of chlamydiae when compared to direct infection of macrophages, which results in persistence of the pathogen. Inhibition of the apoptotic recognition of C. pneumoniae infected PMN using PS- masking Annexin A5 significantly lowered the transmission of chlamydial infection to macrophages. Transfer of apoptotic C. pneumoniae infected PMN to macrophages resulted in an increased TGF-ss production, whereas direct infection of macrophages with chlamydiae was characterized by an enhanced TNF-alpha response.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Separation', 'Chlamydophila pneumoniae', 'Cytokines', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Granulocytes', 'Humans', 'Macrophages', 'Macrophages, Alveolar', 'Models, Biological', 'Neutrophils', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,529 | Do cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors down-regulate osteopontin and Nr4A2-new therapeutic targets for colorectal cancers? | {
"contexts": [
"Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors reduce colon cancer risk by mechanisms that are not fully understood. We performed microarray analysis of adenomas from Apc(Delta14/+) mice to identify genes that respond to these drugs.",
"Apc(Delta14/+) mice were given a single daily injection of parecoxib for up to 9 weeks; intestinal tracts of these and control mice were analyzed by microarray analysis, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Findings were further assessed using Apc(lox/lox)vil-CreER(T2) mice, the CT26 cancer cell line, and human colon tumor samples.",
"Microarray analysis revealed that osteopontin, a marker of colon cancer progression, was down-regulated in polyps from Apc(Delta14/+) mice given parecoxib compared with controls. Apc(Delta14/+) mice given parecoxib had longer survival times and reduced polyp burdens. Osteopontin was quickly down-regulated by parecoxib in intestinal polyps from Apc(Delta14/+) mice, and 2 components of the osteopontin regulatory network-the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A2 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling-were sequentially repressed. NR4A2 activated the osteopontin promoter in CT26 cells; this effect was blocked by mutation of the NR4A2 binding response element, cotransfection of a dominant-negative form of NR4A2, and small inhibitory RNA against NR4A2. NR4A2 levels were increased throughout tumor progression in Apc(Delta14/+) mice but, unlike osteopontin, did not correlate with tumor stage. NR4A2 levels were reduced in adenomas from patients treated with rofecoxib."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenomatous Polyposis Coli",
"Animals",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Survival",
"Colonic Polyps",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Cyclooxygenase 2",
"Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Down-Regulation",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Genes, APC",
"Humans",
"Isoxazoles",
"Lactones",
"Mice",
"Mice, Mutant Strains",
"Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Osteopontin",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"RNA Interference",
"Signal Transduction",
"Sulfones",
"Time Factors",
"Transcription Factors",
"Transfection",
"Wnt Proteins",
"beta Catenin"
]
} | Down-regulation of osteopontin, probably through blockade of NR4A2 and Wnt signaling, is an important component of the antitumor activity of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. These factors might be developed as therapeutic targets for intestinal cancers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors down-regulate osteopontin and Nr4A2-new therapeutic targets for colorectal cancers?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors reduce colon cancer risk by mechanisms that are not fully understood. We performed microarray analysis of adenomas from Apc(Delta14/+) mice to identify genes that respond to these drugs.', 'Apc(Delta14/+) mice were given a single daily injection of parecoxib for up to 9 weeks; intestinal tracts of these and control mice were analyzed by microarray analysis, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Findings were further assessed using Apc(lox/lox)vil-CreER(T2) mice, the CT26 cancer cell line, and human colon tumor samples.', 'Microarray analysis revealed that osteopontin, a marker of colon cancer progression, was down-regulated in polyps from Apc(Delta14/+) mice given parecoxib compared with controls. Apc(Delta14/+) mice given parecoxib had longer survival times and reduced polyp burdens. Osteopontin was quickly down-regulated by parecoxib in intestinal polyps from Apc(Delta14/+) mice, and 2 components of the osteopontin regulatory network-the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A2 and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling-were sequentially repressed. NR4A2 activated the osteopontin promoter in CT26 cells; this effect was blocked by mutation of the NR4A2 binding response element, cotransfection of a dominant-negative form of NR4A2, and small inhibitory RNA against NR4A2. NR4A2 levels were increased throughout tumor progression in Apc(Delta14/+) mice but, unlike osteopontin, did not correlate with tumor stage. NR4A2 levels were reduced in adenomas from patients treated with rofecoxib.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenomatous Polyposis Coli', 'Animals', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Colonic Polyps', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Down-Regulation', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, APC', 'Humans', 'Isoxazoles', 'Lactones', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Osteopontin', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA Interference', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sulfones', 'Time Factors', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transfection', 'Wnt Proteins', 'beta Catenin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,525 | Does deletion of TRPC4 and TRPC6 in mice impair smooth muscle contraction and intestinal motility in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Downstream effects of muscarinic receptor stimulation in intestinal smooth muscle include contraction and intestinal transit. We thought to determine whether classic transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels integrate the intracellular signaling cascades evoked by the stimulated receptors and thereby contribute to the control of the membrane potential, Ca-influx, and cell responses.",
"We created trpc4-, trpc6-, and trpc4/trpc6-gene-deficient mice and analyzed them for intestinal smooth muscle function in vitro and in vivo.",
"In intestinal smooth muscle cells TRPC4 forms a 55 pS cation channel and underlies more than 80% of the muscarinic receptor-induced cation current (mI(CAT)). The residual mI(CAT) depends on the expression of TRPC6, indicating that TRPC6 and TRPC4 determine mI(CAT) channel activity independent of other channel subunits. In TRPC4-deficient ileal myocytes the carbachol-induced membrane depolarizations are diminished greatly and the atropine-sensitive contraction elicited by acetylcholine release from excitatory motor neurons is reduced greatly. Additional deletion of TRPC6 aggravates these effects. Intestinal transit is slowed down in mice lacking TRPC4 and TRPC6."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcholine",
"Animals",
"Atropine",
"Calcium Channels, L-Type",
"Calcium Signaling",
"Carbachol",
"Cholinergic Agonists",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Enteric Nervous System",
"Gastrointestinal Motility",
"Ileum",
"Ion Channel Gating",
"Membrane Potentials",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Muscarinic Antagonists",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Muscle, Smooth",
"Myocytes, Smooth Muscle",
"Receptors, Muscarinic",
"TRPC Cation Channels"
]
} | In intestinal smooth muscle cells TRPC4 and TRPC6 channels are gated by muscarinic receptors and are responsible for mI(CAT). They couple muscarinic receptors to depolarization of intestinal smooth muscle cells and voltage-activated Ca(2+)-influx and contraction, and thereby accelerate small intestinal motility in vivo. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does deletion of TRPC4 and TRPC6 in mice impair smooth muscle contraction and intestinal motility in vivo?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Downstream effects of muscarinic receptor stimulation in intestinal smooth muscle include contraction and intestinal transit. We thought to determine whether classic transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels integrate the intracellular signaling cascades evoked by the stimulated receptors and thereby contribute to the control of the membrane potential, Ca-influx, and cell responses.', 'We created trpc4-, trpc6-, and trpc4/trpc6-gene-deficient mice and analyzed them for intestinal smooth muscle function in vitro and in vivo.', 'In intestinal smooth muscle cells TRPC4 forms a 55 pS cation channel and underlies more than 80% of the muscarinic receptor-induced cation current (mI(CAT)). The residual mI(CAT) depends on the expression of TRPC6, indicating that TRPC6 and TRPC4 determine mI(CAT) channel activity independent of other channel subunits. In TRPC4-deficient ileal myocytes the carbachol-induced membrane depolarizations are diminished greatly and the atropine-sensitive contraction elicited by acetylcholine release from excitatory motor neurons is reduced greatly. Additional deletion of TRPC6 aggravates these effects. Intestinal transit is slowed down in mice lacking TRPC4 and TRPC6.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Atropine', 'Calcium Channels, L-Type', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Carbachol', 'Cholinergic Agonists', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Enteric Nervous System', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Ileum', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Muscarinic Antagonists', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Receptors, Muscarinic', 'TRPC Cation Channels']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,527 | Does the ets-domain transcription factor Spdef promote maturation of goblet and paneth cells in the intestinal epithelium? | {
"contexts": [
"Stem cells within the intestinal epithelium generate daughter cells that undergo lineage commitment and maturation through the combined action of the Wnt and Notch signaling cascades. Both pathways, in turn, regulate transcription factor networks that further define differentiation toward either enterocytes or 1 of 3 secretory cell lineages (Paneth, goblet, or enteroendocrine cells). In this study, we investigated the role of the Wnt-responsive, Ets-domain transcription factor Spdef in the differentiation of goblet and Paneth cells.",
"The in vivo function of Spdef was examined by disrupting the Spdef gene in mice (Spdef(-/-) mice) and analyzing the intestinal phenotype using a range of histologic techniques and DNA microarray profiling.",
"In accordance with expression data, we found that loss of Spdef severely impaired the maturation of goblet and Paneth cells and, conversely, led to an accumulation of immature secretory progenitors. Spdef appears to positively and negatively regulate a specific subset of goblet and Paneth cell genes, including Cryptdins, Mmp7, Ang4, Kallikreins, and Muc2."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biomarkers",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cell Lineage",
"Colon",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Genotype",
"Goblet Cells",
"Intestine, Small",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Paneth Cells",
"Phenotype",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets",
"Stem Cells",
"Transcription, Genetic"
]
} | Spdef acts downstream of Math1 to promote terminal differentiation of a secretory progenitor pool into Paneth and goblet cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the ets-domain transcription factor Spdef promote maturation of goblet and paneth cells in the intestinal epithelium?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Stem cells within the intestinal epithelium generate daughter cells that undergo lineage commitment and maturation through the combined action of the Wnt and Notch signaling cascades. Both pathways, in turn, regulate transcription factor networks that further define differentiation toward either enterocytes or 1 of 3 secretory cell lineages (Paneth, goblet, or enteroendocrine cells). In this study, we investigated the role of the Wnt-responsive, Ets-domain transcription factor Spdef in the differentiation of goblet and Paneth cells.', 'The in vivo function of Spdef was examined by disrupting the Spdef gene in mice (Spdef(-/-) mice) and analyzing the intestinal phenotype using a range of histologic techniques and DNA microarray profiling.', 'In accordance with expression data, we found that loss of Spdef severely impaired the maturation of goblet and Paneth cells and, conversely, led to an accumulation of immature secretory progenitors. Spdef appears to positively and negatively regulate a specific subset of goblet and Paneth cell genes, including Cryptdins, Mmp7, Ang4, Kallikreins, and Muc2.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Lineage', 'Colon', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genotype', 'Goblet Cells', 'Intestine, Small', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Paneth Cells', 'Phenotype', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets', 'Stem Cells', 'Transcription, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,522 | Does c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 from hematopoietic cells mediate progression from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a pivotal role in the development of the metabolic syndrome including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the mechanism underlying the contribution of JNK to the progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis is unresolved.",
"Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were examined in wild-type, jnk1(-/-), or jnk2(-/-) mice fed a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 20 weeks. The functional contribution of JNK isoforms in Kupffer cells was assessed in vitro and in vivo using chimeric mice in which the hematopoietic compartment including Kupffer cells was replaced by wild-type, jnk1(-/-), or jnk2(-/-) cells.",
"CDAA diet induced significantly less hepatic inflammation and less liver fibrosis despite a similar level of hepatic steatosis in jnk1(-/-) mice as compared with wild-type or jnk2(-/-) mice. CDAA diet-induced hepatic inflammation was chronic and mediated by Kupffer cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of JNK or gene deletion of jnk1 but not jnk2 repressed the expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators in primary Kupffer cells. In vivo, CDAA diet induced less hepatic inflammation and liver fibrosis despite an equivalent level of hepatic steatosis in chimeric mice with jnk1(-/-) hematopoietic cells as compared with chimeric mice with wild-type or jnk2(-/-) hematopoietic cells."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bone Marrow Cells",
"Bone Marrow Transplantation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chimera",
"Choline Deficiency",
"Disease Progression",
"Fatty Liver",
"Hepatitis, Chronic",
"Inflammation Mediators",
"Kupffer Cells",
"Liver",
"Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9",
"Protein Kinase Inhibitors",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Signal Transduction",
"Time Factors"
]
} | jnk1(-/-) mice are resistant to diet-induced steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. JNK1 in hematopoietic cells, especially in Kupffer cells, contributes to the development of liver fibrosis by inducing chronic inflammation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 from hematopoietic cells mediate progression from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a pivotal role in the development of the metabolic syndrome including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the mechanism underlying the contribution of JNK to the progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis is unresolved.', 'Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were examined in wild-type, jnk1(-/-), or jnk2(-/-) mice fed a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 20 weeks. The functional contribution of JNK isoforms in Kupffer cells was assessed in vitro and in vivo using chimeric mice in which the hematopoietic compartment including Kupffer cells was replaced by wild-type, jnk1(-/-), or jnk2(-/-) cells.', 'CDAA diet induced significantly less hepatic inflammation and less liver fibrosis despite a similar level of hepatic steatosis in jnk1(-/-) mice as compared with wild-type or jnk2(-/-) mice. CDAA diet-induced hepatic inflammation was chronic and mediated by Kupffer cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of JNK or gene deletion of jnk1 but not jnk2 repressed the expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators in primary Kupffer cells. In vivo, CDAA diet induced less hepatic inflammation and liver fibrosis despite an equivalent level of hepatic steatosis in chimeric mice with jnk1(-/-) hematopoietic cells as compared with chimeric mice with wild-type or jnk2(-/-) hematopoietic cells.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chimera', 'Choline Deficiency', 'Disease Progression', 'Fatty Liver', 'Hepatitis, Chronic', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Kupffer Cells', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Signal Transduction', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,979 | Does peroral endoscopic anastomotic reduction improve intractable dumping syndrome in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Dumping syndrome is a well-described consequence of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Although the condition can benefit some patients with morbid obesity, a subset will develop intractable dumping syndrome characterized by symptomatic episodes with most meals. We describe the first series of patients successfully treated endoscopically for intractable dumping syndrome.",
"Endoscopic gastrojejunal anastomotic reduction was performed in patients with intractable dumping syndrome after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass using a combination of argon plasma coagulation, endoscopic suturing, and fibrin glue. The technical feasibility of endoscopic anastomotic reduction and the clinical improvement in dumping symptoms were assessed by clinical follow-up.",
"Endoscopic anastomotic reduction was technically successful in 6 consecutive patients with a dilated gastrojejunal anastomosis and intractable dumping syndrome. One patient reported hematemesis 2 days after the procedure that was treated endoscopically. No other significant complications occurred. Complete and persistent resolution of the dumping symptoms was achieved in all patients, with a median follow-up of 636 days."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anastomosis, Surgical",
"Dumping Syndrome",
"Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal",
"Gastric Bypass",
"Gastric Emptying",
"Humans",
"Jejunum",
"Stomach",
"Suture Techniques"
]
} | Endoscopic anastomotic reduction appears technically feasible and safe and might be a minimally invasive treatment option for patients who experience intractable dumping symptoms after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Additional studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy of this procedure. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does peroral endoscopic anastomotic reduction improve intractable dumping syndrome in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dumping syndrome is a well-described consequence of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Although the condition can benefit some patients with morbid obesity, a subset will develop intractable dumping syndrome characterized by symptomatic episodes with most meals. We describe the first series of patients successfully treated endoscopically for intractable dumping syndrome.', 'Endoscopic gastrojejunal anastomotic reduction was performed in patients with intractable dumping syndrome after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass using a combination of argon plasma coagulation, endoscopic suturing, and fibrin glue. The technical feasibility of endoscopic anastomotic reduction and the clinical improvement in dumping symptoms were assessed by clinical follow-up.', 'Endoscopic anastomotic reduction was technically successful in 6 consecutive patients with a dilated gastrojejunal anastomosis and intractable dumping syndrome. One patient reported hematemesis 2 days after the procedure that was treated endoscopically. No other significant complications occurred. Complete and persistent resolution of the dumping symptoms was achieved in all patients, with a median follow-up of 636 days.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Dumping Syndrome', 'Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal', 'Gastric Bypass', 'Gastric Emptying', 'Humans', 'Jejunum', 'Stomach', 'Suture Techniques']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,539,355 | Does syndecan-1 enhance the endometrial cancer invasion by modulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through nuclear factor kappaB? | {
"contexts": [
"Up-regulated expression of syndecan-1, a member of the transmembranous proteoglycans that serves as a co-receptor for a wide pool of extracellular ligands, has been ascribed to the promotion of growth of various cancers including breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. Here, we have extended these observations to gain insight into correlation between the expression level of syndecan-1 and its tumor-promoting characteristics, particularly, cancer invasion, in endometrial cancer.",
"Human syndecan-1 was stably transfected into three human endometrial cancer cell lines, and its effects were examined with respect to cell survival/proliferation and invasion. In addition, the activation of underlying signaling components, including integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) was examined. The activity of NF-kappaB as a transcription factor for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 was assessed.",
"The innate expression level of syndecan-1 was moderate to high in all endometrial cancer cell lines. Overexpression of syndecan-1 promoted tumor cell proliferation concomitant with the activation of NF-kappaB. Furthermore, overexpression of syndecan-1 markedly enhanced the cancer invasion accompanied by enhanced expression of integrin alphav/beta5 and enhanced phosphorylation of FAK. The transcriptional activation of MMP-9 by NF-kappaB was up-regulated in syndecan-1 overexpression."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Cell Growth Processes",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Survival",
"Endometrial Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases",
"Humans",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"NF-kappa B",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Phosphorylation",
"Receptors, Vitronectin",
"Syndecan-1",
"Transcriptional Activation"
]
} | These findings provide evidence that supports that syndecan-1 may have a critical role in carcinogenic progression, particularly, contributing to the development of proliferative and invasive phenotype through NF-kappaB-mediated MMP-9 gene expression in endometrial cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does syndecan-1 enhance the endometrial cancer invasion by modulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through nuclear factor kappaB?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Up-regulated expression of syndecan-1, a member of the transmembranous proteoglycans that serves as a co-receptor for a wide pool of extracellular ligands, has been ascribed to the promotion of growth of various cancers including breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. Here, we have extended these observations to gain insight into correlation between the expression level of syndecan-1 and its tumor-promoting characteristics, particularly, cancer invasion, in endometrial cancer.', 'Human syndecan-1 was stably transfected into three human endometrial cancer cell lines, and its effects were examined with respect to cell survival/proliferation and invasion. In addition, the activation of underlying signaling components, including integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) was examined. The activity of NF-kappaB as a transcription factor for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 was assessed.', 'The innate expression level of syndecan-1 was moderate to high in all endometrial cancer cell lines. Overexpression of syndecan-1 promoted tumor cell proliferation concomitant with the activation of NF-kappaB. Furthermore, overexpression of syndecan-1 markedly enhanced the cancer invasion accompanied by enhanced expression of integrin alphav/beta5 and enhanced phosphorylation of FAK. The transcriptional activation of MMP-9 by NF-kappaB was up-regulated in syndecan-1 overexpression.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Cell Growth Processes', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases', 'Humans', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'NF-kappa B', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Phosphorylation', 'Receptors, Vitronectin', 'Syndecan-1', 'Transcriptional Activation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,539,358 | Does thickness of CAD-CAM composite resin overlay influences fatigue resistance of endodontically treated premolars? | {
"contexts": [
"Evaluate the influence of composite resin CAD-CAM restoration thickness on the in vitro fatigue resistance and failure mode of overlay-type restoration in endodontically treated premolars.",
"Thirty extracted premolars received root canal treatment followed by a standardized tooth preparation (1.5-, 2.5- or 3.5-mm cusp reduction, proximal gingival margins located 1.5mm below the CEJ, glass-ionomer base and immediately sealed dentin with Optibond FL). Restorations were milled using Cerec3 and FiltekMZ100 composite blocks. The intaglio surfaces of the overlays were sandblasted and silanated. Tooth preparations were sandblasted and etched before insertion of the restoration. All restorations were luted with Optibond FL and preheated FiltekZ100. A closed-loop servohydraulic unit was used for simulating cyclic isometric chewing at 5 Hz, starting with a load of 200 N (5000 cycles), followed by stages of 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 N at a maximum of 30,000 cycles each. All samples were loaded until fracture or to a maximum of 185,000 cycles. Groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves.",
"None of the restored premolars with the 1.5-mm cusp overlap restoration withstood all 185,000 loading cycles. With 2.5- and 3.5-mm cusp overlap, the survival rate was 30% and 40%, respectively. The rate of fracture below the CEJ was 60%, 60% and 30% for 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 mm of cusp overlap, respectively. Survival of restored premolars with 2.5- and 3.5-mm cusp coverage was not significantly different (p=.23)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acid Etching, Dental",
"Bicuspid",
"Biomechanical Phenomena",
"Bite Force",
"Composite Resins",
"Computer-Aided Design",
"Dental Cavity Preparation",
"Dental Materials",
"Dental Prosthesis Design",
"Dental Restoration Failure",
"Dentin-Bonding Agents",
"Glass Ionomer Cements",
"Humans",
"Inlays",
"Materials Testing",
"Resin Cements",
"Root Canal Therapy",
"Silanes",
"Silicon Dioxide",
"Stress, Mechanical",
"Surface Properties",
"Survival Analysis",
"Tooth, Nonvital",
"Zirconium"
]
} | Thick FiltekMZ100 composite resin onlays showed higher fatigue resistance than thin ones and may be associated with fractures that are less subgingival. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does thickness of CAD-CAM composite resin overlay influences fatigue resistance of endodontically treated premolars?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Evaluate the influence of composite resin CAD-CAM restoration thickness on the in vitro fatigue resistance and failure mode of overlay-type restoration in endodontically treated premolars.', 'Thirty extracted premolars received root canal treatment followed by a standardized tooth preparation (1.5-, 2.5- or 3.5-mm cusp reduction, proximal gingival margins located 1.5mm below the CEJ, glass-ionomer base and immediately sealed dentin with Optibond FL). Restorations were milled using Cerec3 and FiltekMZ100 composite blocks. The intaglio surfaces of the overlays were sandblasted and silanated. Tooth preparations were sandblasted and etched before insertion of the restoration. All restorations were luted with Optibond FL and preheated FiltekZ100. A closed-loop servohydraulic unit was used for simulating cyclic isometric chewing at 5 Hz, starting with a load of 200 N (5000 cycles), followed by stages of 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 N at a maximum of 30,000 cycles each. All samples were loaded until fracture or to a maximum of 185,000 cycles. Groups were compared using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves.', 'None of the restored premolars with the 1.5-mm cusp overlap restoration withstood all 185,000 loading cycles. With 2.5- and 3.5-mm cusp overlap, the survival rate was 30% and 40%, respectively. The rate of fracture below the CEJ was 60%, 60% and 30% for 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 mm of cusp overlap, respectively. Survival of restored premolars with 2.5- and 3.5-mm cusp coverage was not significantly different (p=.23).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acid Etching, Dental', 'Bicuspid', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bite Force', 'Composite Resins', 'Computer-Aided Design', 'Dental Cavity Preparation', 'Dental Materials', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Dental Restoration Failure', 'Dentin-Bonding Agents', 'Glass Ionomer Cements', 'Humans', 'Inlays', 'Materials Testing', 'Resin Cements', 'Root Canal Therapy', 'Silanes', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Surface Properties', 'Survival Analysis', 'Tooth, Nonvital', 'Zirconium']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,582 | Are the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of isotretinoin in patients with acne and rosacea influenced by ethanol? | {
"contexts": [
"Isotretinoin is effective in the treatment of severe acne and rosacea. Both parent drug and its main metabolite 4-oxo-isotretinoin are potentially teratogenic compounds and contain a carboxylic acid moiety. In the presence of ethanol, naturally occurring as well as synthetic retinoids also containing a carboxylic acid moiety are capable of undergoing an ethyl esterification with the metabolic formation of more lipophilic compounds with a much longer terminal half-life.",
"To determine if isotretinoin (13-cis-RA), its main metabolite 4-oxo-isotretinoin (4-oxo-13-cis-RA), and other possible metabolites in the presence or absence of ethanol are converted to their corresponding ethyl derivatives in patients with severe acne or rosacea after multiple isotretinoin dosing. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent drug and its 4-oxo metabolite were determined.",
"Eleven patients with severe acne or rosacea were treated with isotretinoin daily for 3 months and investigated pharmacokinetically during 24 h after 1 month of treatment and for up to 28 days after discontinuation of therapy. A possible influence of ethanol was evaluated using a simple self-administered questionnaire and by measuring serum ethanol levels during treatment. The concentrations of isotretinoin, 4-oxo-isotretinoin and possible ethylated and nonethylated metabolites were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.",
"Although seven of 11 patients had a considerable weekly alcohol intake, no endogenous synthesis of ethyl derivatives of isotretinoin, the main 4-oxo metabolite or the all-trans compounds was chromatographically detectable in any of the patients' plasma samples during the treatment period. Multiple dose pharmacokinetic data for the parent drug and its main metabolite were comparable to previous studies."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acne Vulgaris",
"Adult",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid",
"Dermatologic Agents",
"Ethanol",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Isotretinoin",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Rosacea",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Tretinoin",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of isotretinoin and its main metabolites are not influenced by ethanol during long-term isotretinoin treatment. After ceasing long-term isotretinoin therapy the recommended period of 1 month for using anticonceptive measures in fertile women seems adequate. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of isotretinoin in patients with acne and rosacea influenced by ethanol?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Isotretinoin is effective in the treatment of severe acne and rosacea. Both parent drug and its main metabolite 4-oxo-isotretinoin are potentially teratogenic compounds and contain a carboxylic acid moiety. In the presence of ethanol, naturally occurring as well as synthetic retinoids also containing a carboxylic acid moiety are capable of undergoing an ethyl esterification with the metabolic formation of more lipophilic compounds with a much longer terminal half-life.', 'To determine if isotretinoin (13-cis-RA), its main metabolite 4-oxo-isotretinoin (4-oxo-13-cis-RA), and other possible metabolites in the presence or absence of ethanol are converted to their corresponding ethyl derivatives in patients with severe acne or rosacea after multiple isotretinoin dosing. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent drug and its 4-oxo metabolite were determined.', 'Eleven patients with severe acne or rosacea were treated with isotretinoin daily for 3 months and investigated pharmacokinetically during 24 h after 1 month of treatment and for up to 28 days after discontinuation of therapy. A possible influence of ethanol was evaluated using a simple self-administered questionnaire and by measuring serum ethanol levels during treatment. The concentrations of isotretinoin, 4-oxo-isotretinoin and possible ethylated and nonethylated metabolites were measured by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.', \"Although seven of 11 patients had a considerable weekly alcohol intake, no endogenous synthesis of ethyl derivatives of isotretinoin, the main 4-oxo metabolite or the all-trans compounds was chromatographically detectable in any of the patients' plasma samples during the treatment period. Multiple dose pharmacokinetic data for the parent drug and its main metabolite were comparable to previous studies.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acne Vulgaris', 'Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Dermatologic Agents', 'Ethanol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isotretinoin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Rosacea', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tretinoin', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,549,024 | Do budesonide and formoterol inhibit inflammatory mediator production by bronchial epithelial cells infected with rhinovirus? | {
"contexts": [
"Rhinoviruses (RVs) are responsible for the majority of acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. RVs infect the lower airways and induce the production of pro-inflammatory and remodelling-associated mediators. Budesonide (BUD) and formoterol (FORM) synergize in controlling asthma and COPD exacerbations; however, their effects on virus-induced inflammation and remodelling are less known.",
"We investigated whether BUD and FORM synergize in suppressing RV-induced inflammation and remodelling in the airways.",
"In vitro models of RV infection of BEAS-2B and primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were used. We assessed the effects of individual and combined drugs administered post-infection, at a clinically relevant concentration range (10(-6)-10(-10) m), on the production of CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL8, IL-6 and the remodelling-associated VEGF and bFGF, using ELISA and RT-PCR.",
"BUD effectively suppressed RV-mediated induction of all mediators studied, in a concentration-dependent manner. FORM alone suppressed the production of CXCL8 and bFGF. The combination of BUD and FORM had concentration-dependent, additive or synergistic effects in the suppression of RV-induced CCL5, CXCL8 and CXCL10 in both cell types as well as VEGF in NHBE only. Combination treatment also resulted in an enhanced suppression of RV-induced IL-6, and CCL5 at the mRNA level as compared with BUD or FORM alone."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Asthma",
"Bronchi",
"Bronchodilator Agents",
"Budesonide",
"Chemokine CXCL10",
"Chemokines",
"Drug Synergism",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Ethanolamines",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2",
"Formoterol Fumarate",
"Humans",
"Inflammation",
"Inflammation Mediators",
"Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1",
"Picornaviridae Infections",
"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive",
"Respiratory Mucosa",
"Rhinovirus",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | BUD and FORM suppress RV-induced chemokines and growth factors in bronchial epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent, synergistic or additive manner. These data further support the combined use of BUD and FORM in asthma and COPD and intensification of this therapy during exacerbations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do budesonide and formoterol inhibit inflammatory mediator production by bronchial epithelial cells infected with rhinovirus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Rhinoviruses (RVs) are responsible for the majority of acute asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. RVs infect the lower airways and induce the production of pro-inflammatory and remodelling-associated mediators. Budesonide (BUD) and formoterol (FORM) synergize in controlling asthma and COPD exacerbations; however, their effects on virus-induced inflammation and remodelling are less known.', 'We investigated whether BUD and FORM synergize in suppressing RV-induced inflammation and remodelling in the airways.', 'In vitro models of RV infection of BEAS-2B and primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were used. We assessed the effects of individual and combined drugs administered post-infection, at a clinically relevant concentration range (10(-6)-10(-10) m), on the production of CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL8, IL-6 and the remodelling-associated VEGF and bFGF, using ELISA and RT-PCR.', 'BUD effectively suppressed RV-mediated induction of all mediators studied, in a concentration-dependent manner. FORM alone suppressed the production of CXCL8 and bFGF. The combination of BUD and FORM had concentration-dependent, additive or synergistic effects in the suppression of RV-induced CCL5, CXCL8 and CXCL10 in both cell types as well as VEGF in NHBE only. Combination treatment also resulted in an enhanced suppression of RV-induced IL-6, and CCL5 at the mRNA level as compared with BUD or FORM alone.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Asthma', 'Bronchi', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Budesonide', 'Chemokine CXCL10', 'Chemokines', 'Drug Synergism', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Ethanolamines', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Formoterol Fumarate', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Inflammation Mediators', 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'Picornaviridae Infections', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Respiratory Mucosa', 'Rhinovirus', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,027 | Does timothy grass pollen major allergen Phl p 1 activate respiratory epithelial cells by a non-protease mechanism? | {
"contexts": [
"Group 1 allergens from grass pollen (e.g. Phl p 1, the major allergen of timothy grass Phleum pratense) cause IgE reactivity in about 95% of allergic subjects and exist in all grass species. The respiratory epithelium represents a first line of contact of the immune system with airborne allergens, functions as physical barrier and is an important immunological regulation system.",
"The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of Phl p 1 with human respiratory epithelium to elucidate the contribution of epithelial cells to the development of allergic reactions.",
"Purified Phl p 1 was used to stimulate A549 cells and transient transfected HEK293 cells. mRNA level of different mediators were investigated by real-time PCR, release of the mediators was determined by ELISA. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and an ex vivo model of the murine trachea were used to investigate a potential proteolytic activity of Phl p 1.",
"Phl p 1 activates respiratory epithelial cells as measured by induction of IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-beta mRNA and release. Phl p 1, in contrast to Der p 1 from the house dust mite, does not exert proteolytic activity, as investigated by microscopic observation and MTT test. In an ex vivo model of the murine trachea we were able to show that Der p 1, in contrast to Phl p 1, enhances the transportation velocity of particles by the trachea, presumably by ATP released from the injured epithelium."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Allergens",
"Animals",
"Antigens, Dermatophagoides",
"Arthropod Proteins",
"Cell Line",
"Cysteine Endopeptidases",
"Cytokines",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Mice",
"Phleum",
"Plant Proteins",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Respiratory Mucosa"
]
} | We conclude that under physiological conditions Phl p 1 affects tracheal epithelial cells through a non-proteolytic activity. Enhancement of TGF-beta expression induced by Phl p 1 together with the increased release of IL-6 and IL-8 might provide an indirect mechanism through which the allergen may cross the epithelial barrier and attracts immunocompetent cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does timothy grass pollen major allergen Phl p 1 activate respiratory epithelial cells by a non-protease mechanism?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Group 1 allergens from grass pollen (e.g. Phl p 1, the major allergen of timothy grass Phleum pratense) cause IgE reactivity in about 95% of allergic subjects and exist in all grass species. The respiratory epithelium represents a first line of contact of the immune system with airborne allergens, functions as physical barrier and is an important immunological regulation system.', 'The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of Phl p 1 with human respiratory epithelium to elucidate the contribution of epithelial cells to the development of allergic reactions.', 'Purified Phl p 1 was used to stimulate A549 cells and transient transfected HEK293 cells. mRNA level of different mediators were investigated by real-time PCR, release of the mediators was determined by ELISA. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and an ex vivo model of the murine trachea were used to investigate a potential proteolytic activity of Phl p 1.', 'Phl p 1 activates respiratory epithelial cells as measured by induction of IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-beta mRNA and release. Phl p 1, in contrast to Der p 1 from the house dust mite, does not exert proteolytic activity, as investigated by microscopic observation and MTT test. In an ex vivo model of the murine trachea we were able to show that Der p 1, in contrast to Phl p 1, enhances the transportation velocity of particles by the trachea, presumably by ATP released from the injured epithelium.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Allergens', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Dermatophagoides', 'Arthropod Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Cysteine Endopeptidases', 'Cytokines', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Phleum', 'Plant Proteins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Respiratory Mucosa']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,164 | Are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with psychiatric disorders at greater risk of exacerbations? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess prospectively the impact of psychiatric disorders on risk for exacerbations. The course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is punctuated by acute exacerbations. Although anxiety and mood disorders are common in patients with COPD, no studies have assessed prospectively the association between these disorders and exacerbations.",
"Psychiatric disorders were evaluated by a structured psychiatric interview in 110 patients (51% women, age (mean +/- standard deviation) = 66 +/- 8 years) with stable COPD and previous admission for exacerbations recruited from two outpatient clinics. Patients were followed for a mean of 2 years and both inpatient-treated (i.e., treated in the emergency department or hospital) and outpatient-treated (i.e., treated with medication in the patient's own environment) exacerbations were recorded.",
"Independent of covariates, patients with psychiatric disorders exhibited a significantly higher weighted annual rate of exacerbations treated in an outpatient setting after adjustment for covariates (3 versus 2, p = .003) than patients without psychiatric disorders, but no difference in exacerbations treated in the inpatient setting. They were also at a higher risk for any (relative risk (RR) = 1.56, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.02-2.37) and outpatient (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.08-2.59) exacerbations, but not inpatient exacerbations (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.82-2.25)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Aged",
"Ambulatory Care",
"Comorbidity",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Hospitalization",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mental Disorders",
"Prospective Studies",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index"
]
} | Patients with psychiatric disorders are at greater risk of exacerbations treated in an outpatient setting but not those treated in an inpatient setting. These outpatient-managed exacerbations account for a significant proportion of the healthcare burden for COPD, so interventions should target patients with psychiatric disorders to improve management of COPD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with psychiatric disorders at greater risk of exacerbations?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess prospectively the impact of psychiatric disorders on risk for exacerbations. The course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is punctuated by acute exacerbations. Although anxiety and mood disorders are common in patients with COPD, no studies have assessed prospectively the association between these disorders and exacerbations.', \"Psychiatric disorders were evaluated by a structured psychiatric interview in 110 patients (51% women, age (mean +/- standard deviation) = 66 +/- 8 years) with stable COPD and previous admission for exacerbations recruited from two outpatient clinics. Patients were followed for a mean of 2 years and both inpatient-treated (i.e., treated in the emergency department or hospital) and outpatient-treated (i.e., treated with medication in the patient's own environment) exacerbations were recorded.\", 'Independent of covariates, patients with psychiatric disorders exhibited a significantly higher weighted annual rate of exacerbations treated in an outpatient setting after adjustment for covariates (3 versus 2, p = .003) than patients without psychiatric disorders, but no difference in exacerbations treated in the inpatient setting. They were also at a higher risk for any (relative risk (RR) = 1.56, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.02-2.37) and outpatient (RR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.08-2.59) exacerbations, but not inpatient exacerbations (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.82-2.25).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Aged', 'Ambulatory Care', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,539,286 | Is health seeking behaviour of parents of burned children in Bangladesh related to family socioeconomics? | {
"contexts": [
"The study was design to explore the health seeking behaviour of Bangladeshi parents for their children during burn injuries.",
"A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and December 2003 in Bangladesh. Nationally representative data were collected from 171,366 rural and urban households comprising of a total population of 819,429, including 351,651 children of 0-18 years. Mothers or heads of households were interviewed with a structured questionnaire in obtaining the information.",
"About sixty percent parents seek health care from unqualified service providers for their children during a childhood burn injury. Educated and the higher income groups parents choose qualified service provider at significantly higher rate compared to illiterate and poor. Higher proportion of parents of urban residence chooses qualified service provider compared to rural. No significant difference of health seeking behaviour of parent in choosing care provider was found in relation to sex of the children."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Bangladesh",
"Burns",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Educational Status",
"Family Characteristics",
"Female",
"Health Care Surveys",
"Health Facilities",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Male",
"Parents",
"Patient Acceptance of Health Care",
"Residence Characteristics",
"Rural Population",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"Urban Population"
]
} | Education, economic condition and place of residence were found as the contributory factors in choosing service provider. Education to the parents can contribute in changes in health seeking behaviour which ultimately contribute in reducing morbidity and mortality from childhood burn injuries. Including parent's education a national burn prevention program needs to be developed to combat the devastating child injury, burn. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is health seeking behaviour of parents of burned children in Bangladesh related to family socioeconomics?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The study was design to explore the health seeking behaviour of Bangladeshi parents for their children during burn injuries.', 'A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and December 2003 in Bangladesh. Nationally representative data were collected from 171,366 rural and urban households comprising of a total population of 819,429, including 351,651 children of 0-18 years. Mothers or heads of households were interviewed with a structured questionnaire in obtaining the information.', 'About sixty percent parents seek health care from unqualified service providers for their children during a childhood burn injury. Educated and the higher income groups parents choose qualified service provider at significantly higher rate compared to illiterate and poor. Higher proportion of parents of urban residence chooses qualified service provider compared to rural. No significant difference of health seeking behaviour of parent in choosing care provider was found in relation to sex of the children.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Bangladesh', 'Burns', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Educational Status', 'Family Characteristics', 'Female', 'Health Care Surveys', 'Health Facilities', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Parents', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Rural Population', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Urban Population']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,757 | Is emergency Department Ultrasound a Sensitive Detector of Solid Organ Injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of emergency department (ED) ultrasound for the detection of solid organ injury following blunt abdominal trauma.",
"A prospective cohort study performed in the ED of an urban Level I trauma center on patients who sustained blunt abdominal trauma. Following initial standard trauma evaluation, patients underwent a secondary ultrasound examination performed specifically to identify injury to the liver or spleen, followed by computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen. Ultrasound examinations were performed by emergency medicine residents or attending physicians experienced in the use of ultrasound for detecting hemoperitoneum. Ultrasonographers prospectively determined the presence or absence of liver or spleen injury. CT findings were used as the criterion standard to evaluate the ultrasound results.",
"From July 1998 through June 1999, 152 patients underwent secondary ultrasound examination and CT. Of the 152 patients, nine (6%) had liver injuries and 10 (7%) had spleen injuries. Ultrasound correctly detected only one of the liver injuries for a sensitivity of 11% (95% CI: 0%-48%) and a specificity of 98% (95% CI: 94%-100%). Ultrasound correctly detected eight spleen injuries for a sensitivity of 80% (95% CI: 44%-98%) and a specificity of 99% (95% CI: 95%-100%)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Emergency ultrasound is not sensitive or specific for detecting liver or spleen injuries following blunt abdominal trauma. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is emergency Department Ultrasound a Sensitive Detector of Solid Organ Injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of emergency department (ED) ultrasound for the detection of solid organ injury following blunt abdominal trauma.', 'A prospective cohort study performed in the ED of an urban Level I trauma center on patients who sustained blunt abdominal trauma. Following initial standard trauma evaluation, patients underwent a secondary ultrasound examination performed specifically to identify injury to the liver or spleen, followed by computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen. Ultrasound examinations were performed by emergency medicine residents or attending physicians experienced in the use of ultrasound for detecting hemoperitoneum. Ultrasonographers prospectively determined the presence or absence of liver or spleen injury. CT findings were used as the criterion standard to evaluate the ultrasound results.', 'From July 1998 through June 1999, 152 patients underwent secondary ultrasound examination and CT. Of the 152 patients, nine (6%) had liver injuries and 10 (7%) had spleen injuries. Ultrasound correctly detected only one of the liver injuries for a sensitivity of 11% (95% CI: 0%-48%) and a specificity of 98% (95% CI: 94%-100%). Ultrasound correctly detected eight spleen injuries for a sensitivity of 80% (95% CI: 44%-98%) and a specificity of 99% (95% CI: 95%-100%).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,567,320 | Do endodontic and salivary isolates of Enterococcus faecalis integrate into biofilm from human salivary bacteria cultivated in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to examine whether Enterococcus faecalis isolates from endodontic patients (from saliva and from a root canal) are able to prevail against salivary bacteria when grown in coculture in a biofilm reactor.",
"Saliva that was tested to be free of E. faecalis was used as the inoculum. The fate of E. faecalis was examined by using culture techniques and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).",
"The root canal isolate accounted for 37.4% of the biofilm and 31.9% of the planktonic phase when examined by the culture technique, whereas the proportions examined by FISH showed 15.3% in the biofilm and 11.7% in the planktonic phase. The saliva isolate (as examined by the culture technique) accounted for 32.4% in the biofilm and 27.1% in the planktonic phase, respectively, compared with 14.1% in the biofilm and 9.5% in the planktonic phase when examined by FISH analysis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antibiosis",
"Biofilms",
"Cattle",
"Coculture Techniques",
"Colony Count, Microbial",
"Dental Enamel",
"Dental Plaque",
"Dental Pulp Cavity",
"Enterococcus faecalis",
"Humans",
"In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Saliva",
"Virulence Factors"
]
} | These results led to the suggestion that E. faecalis could persist in the biofilm of the human oral cavity. Because of the ubiquitous presence of E. faecalis, root canal infections may arise from different sources. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do endodontic and salivary isolates of Enterococcus faecalis integrate into biofilm from human salivary bacteria cultivated in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to examine whether Enterococcus faecalis isolates from endodontic patients (from saliva and from a root canal) are able to prevail against salivary bacteria when grown in coculture in a biofilm reactor.', 'Saliva that was tested to be free of E. faecalis was used as the inoculum. The fate of E. faecalis was examined by using culture techniques and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).', 'The root canal isolate accounted for 37.4% of the biofilm and 31.9% of the planktonic phase when examined by the culture technique, whereas the proportions examined by FISH showed 15.3% in the biofilm and 11.7% in the planktonic phase. The saliva isolate (as examined by the culture technique) accounted for 32.4% in the biofilm and 27.1% in the planktonic phase, respectively, compared with 14.1% in the biofilm and 9.5% in the planktonic phase when examined by FISH analysis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antibiosis', 'Biofilms', 'Cattle', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Dental Enamel', 'Dental Plaque', 'Dental Pulp Cavity', 'Enterococcus faecalis', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Saliva', 'Virulence Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,379 | Is serum phosphate an important determinant of corrected serum calcium in end-stage kidney disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Approximately 12% of bound blood calcium is linked to various anions including phosphate. In patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), serum phosphate is highly variable. We propose that establishing a formula to calculate albumin- and phosphate-corrected total calcium would be more appropriate to estimate free calcium in ESKD patients.",
"In 82 haemodialysis patients, serum ionized calcium (Ca(ion)) and pH were measured by blood gas analyser with ion-selective electrodes at the point-of-care, while bicarbonate, phosphate, albumin, magnesium and total calcium (Ca(tot)) were measured at the central laboratory. Linear regression analysis of measured variables was used to best fit adjusted calcium versus Ca(ion).",
"The most parsimonious multiple linear regression model (r(2) = 0.81) of variables associated with Ca(ion) included Ca(tot) (coeff 0.820, P < 0.0001), albumin (coeff -0.016, P < 0.0001) and phosphate (coeff -0.063, P < 0.002). Modelling of available variables yielded the following equation to adjust calcium for albumin and phosphate: Ca(albPh) = Ca(tot) + (0.015 x (40 - [albumin]) + 0.07 x (1.5 - [phosphate])). At an ambient albumin of 40 g/L, Ca(albPh) would be 0.07 mmol/L lower than Ca(tot) for every mmol/L of phosphate. In vitro data using three different albumin levels and increasing phosphate concentrations demonstrated this relationship, with the slope of the phosphate effect being stronger at lower albumin concentrations."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Algorithms",
"Bicarbonates",
"Blood Gas Analysis",
"Calcium",
"Calcium-Binding Proteins",
"Chemistry, Clinical",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Linear Models",
"Magnesium",
"Models, Biological",
"Phosphates",
"Point-of-Care Systems",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Serum Albumin"
]
} | Because guidelines recommendations indicate that corrected serum calcium should be maintained within the normal range in ESKD patients, inclusion of phosphate to correct Ca(tot) in these patients may have clinical implications on the choice of phosphate binders and the prescription of vitamin D or calcimimetic agents. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is serum phosphate an important determinant of corrected serum calcium in end-stage kidney disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Approximately 12% of bound blood calcium is linked to various anions including phosphate. In patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), serum phosphate is highly variable. We propose that establishing a formula to calculate albumin- and phosphate-corrected total calcium would be more appropriate to estimate free calcium in ESKD patients.', 'In 82 haemodialysis patients, serum ionized calcium (Ca(ion)) and pH were measured by blood gas analyser with ion-selective electrodes at the point-of-care, while bicarbonate, phosphate, albumin, magnesium and total calcium (Ca(tot)) were measured at the central laboratory. Linear regression analysis of measured variables was used to best fit adjusted calcium versus Ca(ion).', 'The most parsimonious multiple linear regression model (r(2) = 0.81) of variables associated with Ca(ion) included Ca(tot) (coeff 0.820, P < 0.0001), albumin (coeff -0.016, P < 0.0001) and phosphate (coeff -0.063, P < 0.002). Modelling of available variables yielded the following equation to adjust calcium for albumin and phosphate: Ca(albPh) = Ca(tot) + (0.015 x (40 - [albumin]) + 0.07 x (1.5 - [phosphate])). At an ambient albumin of 40 g/L, Ca(albPh) would be 0.07 mmol/L lower than Ca(tot) for every mmol/L of phosphate. In vitro data using three different albumin levels and increasing phosphate concentrations demonstrated this relationship, with the slope of the phosphate effect being stronger at lower albumin concentrations.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Algorithms', 'Bicarbonates', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Calcium', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Chemistry, Clinical', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Linear Models', 'Magnesium', 'Models, Biological', 'Phosphates', 'Point-of-Care Systems', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Serum Albumin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,208 | Is short sleep duration associated with a blood pressure nondipping pattern in type 1 diabetes : the DIAPASOM study? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether nocturnal blood pressure dipping status in type 1 diabetes is correlated with specific sleep characteristics and differences in nocturnal glycemic profiles.",
"Twenty type 1 diabetic adult patients underwent sleep studies with simultaneous 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and continuous nocturnal glucose monitoring.",
"Altogether, 55% of patients exhibited blunted blood pressure dipping. They did not differ from the dipper group in age, BMI, or systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Total sleep period (TSP) was higher in the dipper group (497 +/- 30 vs. 407 +/- 44 min for dippers and nondippers, respectively, P < 0.001). TSP was correlated with SBP and DBP day-night differences (r = 0.44 and 0.49, respectively). Periods of nocturnal hypoglycemia (i.e., % of TSP with glycemia <70 mg/dl) were longer in the dipper group (8.1 +/- 10.7 vs. 0.1 +/- 0.4% for dippers and nondippers, respectively, P = 0.02)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Pressure",
"Circadian Rhythm",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Sleep"
]
} | Dipping status in type 1 diabetes was associated with longer sleep duration and with hypoglycemia unawareness. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is short sleep duration associated with a blood pressure nondipping pattern in type 1 diabetes : the DIAPASOM study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess whether nocturnal blood pressure dipping status in type 1 diabetes is correlated with specific sleep characteristics and differences in nocturnal glycemic profiles.', 'Twenty type 1 diabetic adult patients underwent sleep studies with simultaneous 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and continuous nocturnal glucose monitoring.', 'Altogether, 55% of patients exhibited blunted blood pressure dipping. They did not differ from the dipper group in age, BMI, or systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Total sleep period (TSP) was higher in the dipper group (497 +/- 30 vs. 407 +/- 44 min for dippers and nondippers, respectively, P < 0.001). TSP was correlated with SBP and DBP day-night differences (r = 0.44 and 0.49, respectively). Periods of nocturnal hypoglycemia (i.e., % of TSP with glycemia <70 mg/dl) were longer in the dipper group (8.1 +/- 10.7 vs. 0.1 +/- 0.4% for dippers and nondippers, respectively, P = 0.02).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blood Pressure', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sleep']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,559,515 | Do a qualitative study on patient perspectives of how conventional and implant-supported dentures affect eating? | {
"contexts": [
"The objectives of this study were to obtain in-depth qualitative data from patients on the effect of edentulousness and prosthetic rehabilitation upon issues surrounding eating (emotional, social and functional).",
"33 patients who had received replacement conventional dentures (CDs) and 33 patients who had received implant-supported mandibular overdentures (ISODs) were interviewed by a researcher outside the clinical team. Interviews focused upon their experience of edentulousness, its management and its impact on their lives. Interviews were transcribed and the qualitative data analysed using NVivo [QSR NVivo v.2.2. Melbourne: QSR International; 2002].",
"Both groups of patients told similar stories about the impact of edentulousness upon eating. A few patients who had received replacement CDs reported significant improvement, but marginal improvements were more common. Most patients who had received ISODs reported a significant positive impact upon eating with very few negative effects reported. The findings suggest that the functional limitations of dentures often impose social restrictions on edentulous patients. Optimising conventional dentures may help, but patients' eating-related quality of life is most likely to be enhanced through the functional improvement and increased social confidence that ISODs bring."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported",
"Denture, Complete",
"Eating",
"Food Preferences",
"Humans",
"Interviews as Topic",
"Middle Aged",
"Mouth, Edentulous",
"Qualitative Research",
"Quality of Life",
"Social Behavior"
]
} | In conclusion, issues surrounding eating are a major concern for edentulous patients. The main impacts of edentulousness are limitation of social participation and food choice. The functional improvement and increased social confidence that ISODs can provide, has a beneficial impact on this aspect of patients of quality of life. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do a qualitative study on patient perspectives of how conventional and implant-supported dentures affect eating?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objectives of this study were to obtain in-depth qualitative data from patients on the effect of edentulousness and prosthetic rehabilitation upon issues surrounding eating (emotional, social and functional).', '33 patients who had received replacement conventional dentures (CDs) and 33 patients who had received implant-supported mandibular overdentures (ISODs) were interviewed by a researcher outside the clinical team. Interviews focused upon their experience of edentulousness, its management and its impact on their lives. Interviews were transcribed and the qualitative data analysed using NVivo [QSR NVivo v.2.2. Melbourne: QSR International; 2002].', \"Both groups of patients told similar stories about the impact of edentulousness upon eating. A few patients who had received replacement CDs reported significant improvement, but marginal improvements were more common. Most patients who had received ISODs reported a significant positive impact upon eating with very few negative effects reported. The findings suggest that the functional limitations of dentures often impose social restrictions on edentulous patients. Optimising conventional dentures may help, but patients' eating-related quality of life is most likely to be enhanced through the functional improvement and increased social confidence that ISODs bring.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported', 'Denture, Complete', 'Eating', 'Food Preferences', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Middle Aged', 'Mouth, Edentulous', 'Qualitative Research', 'Quality of Life', 'Social Behavior']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,745 | Do glioblastoma cells express functional cell membrane receptors activated by daily used medical drugs? | {
"contexts": [
"Calcium ions are highly versatile spacial and temporal intracellular signals of non-excitable cells and have an important impact on nearly every aspect of cellular life controlling cell growth, metabolism, fluid secretion, information processing, transcription, apoptosis, and motility. Neurons and glia respond to stimuli, including neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and hormones, which increase the intracellular calcium concentration. The function of intracellular calcium in gliomas is unknown. Lots of daily used drugs may act via receptors that can be linked to the intracellular calcium system and therefore could influence glioma biology.",
"Glioma cells were loaded with the calcium ion sensitive dye Fura 2-AM. Subsequently, cells were stimulated with 25 different medical drugs for 30 s. The increase of free intracellular calcium ions was measured and calculated by a microscope-camera-computer-unit.",
"Except for the buffer solution HEPES that served as negative control and for the cortisol derivative dexamethasone, all other 24 tested drugs induced a rise of intracellular calcium ions. The cellular calcium responses were classified into seven functional groups. The tested substances activated several types of calcium channels and receptors."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Calcium",
"Calcium Signaling",
"Cell Membrane",
"Diagnostic Imaging",
"Glioblastoma",
"Humans",
"Models, Biological",
"Nonprescription Drugs",
"Receptors, Cell Surface",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | Our study impressively demonstrates that medical drugs are potent inducers of intracellular calcium signals. Totally unexpected, the results show a high amount of functional cellular receptors and channels on glioma cells, which could be responsible for certain biological effects like migration and cell growth. This calcium imaging study proves the usability of the calcium imaging as a screening system for functional receptors on human glioma cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do glioblastoma cells express functional cell membrane receptors activated by daily used medical drugs?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Calcium ions are highly versatile spacial and temporal intracellular signals of non-excitable cells and have an important impact on nearly every aspect of cellular life controlling cell growth, metabolism, fluid secretion, information processing, transcription, apoptosis, and motility. Neurons and glia respond to stimuli, including neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and hormones, which increase the intracellular calcium concentration. The function of intracellular calcium in gliomas is unknown. Lots of daily used drugs may act via receptors that can be linked to the intracellular calcium system and therefore could influence glioma biology.', 'Glioma cells were loaded with the calcium ion sensitive dye Fura 2-AM. Subsequently, cells were stimulated with 25 different medical drugs for 30 s. The increase of free intracellular calcium ions was measured and calculated by a microscope-camera-computer-unit.', 'Except for the buffer solution HEPES that served as negative control and for the cortisol derivative dexamethasone, all other 24 tested drugs induced a rise of intracellular calcium ions. The cellular calcium responses were classified into seven functional groups. The tested substances activated several types of calcium channels and receptors.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Calcium', 'Calcium Signaling', 'Cell Membrane', 'Diagnostic Imaging', 'Glioblastoma', 'Humans', 'Models, Biological', 'Nonprescription Drugs', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,728 | Does nifedipine interfere with migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via inhibition of Pyk2-Src axis? | {
"contexts": [
"Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) inhibit the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the signaling mechanisms by which CCBs inhibit VSMC migration.",
"Nifedipine potently inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced chemotaxis, collagen I-induced haptotaxis, and wound-induced migration of human aortic VSMC. In addition, nifedipine inhibited PDGF-induced membrane ruffling and lamellipodium formation. PDGF-induced VSMC migration was significantly inhibited by PP2, a selective inhibitor of the Src kinase family, and was also significantly inhibited by the expression of kinase-inactive Src, suggesting that Src is required for VSMC migration. Nifedipine also inhibited PDGF-induced Src activation (by 60+/-4% with 30 microM) and tyrosinephosphorylation of Cas, paxillin, and cortactin, which are actin-associated substrates of Src. RNA interference-induced knockdown of the Ca(2+)-dependent tyrosine kinase, Pyk2, resulted in inhibition of PDGF-induced Src activation and migration. Finally, nifedipine inhibited PDGF-induced Pyk2 activation in a dose-dependent manner."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actins",
"Calcium Channel Blockers",
"Cell Membrane",
"Cell Movement",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Focal Adhesion Kinase 2",
"Humans",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"Myocytes, Smooth Muscle",
"Nifedipine",
"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor",
"Pseudopodia",
"src-Family Kinases"
]
} | These data suggest that nifedipine interferes with VSMC migration via inhibition of the Pyk2-Src axis and inhibition of actin remodeling processes, including membrane ruffling and lamellipodium formation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nifedipine interfere with migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via inhibition of Pyk2-Src axis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) inhibit the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the signaling mechanisms by which CCBs inhibit VSMC migration.', 'Nifedipine potently inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced chemotaxis, collagen I-induced haptotaxis, and wound-induced migration of human aortic VSMC. In addition, nifedipine inhibited PDGF-induced membrane ruffling and lamellipodium formation. PDGF-induced VSMC migration was significantly inhibited by PP2, a selective inhibitor of the Src kinase family, and was also significantly inhibited by the expression of kinase-inactive Src, suggesting that Src is required for VSMC migration. Nifedipine also inhibited PDGF-induced Src activation (by 60+/-4% with 30 microM) and tyrosinephosphorylation of Cas, paxillin, and cortactin, which are actin-associated substrates of Src. RNA interference-induced knockdown of the Ca(2+)-dependent tyrosine kinase, Pyk2, resulted in inhibition of PDGF-induced Src activation and migration. Finally, nifedipine inhibited PDGF-induced Pyk2 activation in a dose-dependent manner.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Actins', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Focal Adhesion Kinase 2', 'Humans', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Nifedipine', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Pseudopodia', 'src-Family Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,829 | Does genistein in the presence of 17beta-estradiol inhibit proliferation of ERbeta breast cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Genistein, a soy component, has been shown to have a biphasic proliferative effect in breast cancer cells, inhibiting in vitro cell proliferation at high concentrations (>10 micromol/l), while stimulating cell proliferation at lower concentrations (<10 micromol/l). However, epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between the intake of genistein and the incidence of breast cancer. One of the possible reasons for this discrepancy could be the differing status of the estrogen receptor (ERalpha and/or ERbeta). Genistein selectively binds to ERbeta with strong affinity and thereby could be a potential chemotherapeutic agent against breast cancer of the ERalpha-negative and ERbeta-positive type. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine whether the proliferative effects of genistein were caused by its activity as a selective ERbeta agonist or merely as an antiestrogen.",
"This study was carried out in MDA-MB-231 (ERbeta) and T47D (ERalpha and ERbeta) human breast cancer cells. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The cells were grown in estrogen-starved media and exposed to genistein at different concentrations for 72 h, either in the presence or absence of 17beta-estradiol.",
"A significant decrease in cell proliferation was seen in MDA-MB-231 cells at low concentrations of genistein in the presence of 17beta-estradiol, as compared to genistein alone. In T47D cells, which are known to have a predominance of ERalpha over ERbeta, genistein showed a biphasic cell proliferative response both in the presence and absence of 17beta-estradiol."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Estradiol",
"Estrogen Receptor alpha",
"Estrogen Receptor beta",
"Female",
"Genistein",
"Humans",
"Phytoestrogens"
]
} | Our results suggest that in cells with a predominance of ERalpha, genistein acts as an agonist to ERalpha, and in cells with ERbeta alone, genistein most likely acts as an antiestrogen. Our results also suggest that genistein could be useful as a chemotherapeutic agent in premenopausal women with breast cancer of the ERalpha-negative and ERbeta-positive type. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does genistein in the presence of 17beta-estradiol inhibit proliferation of ERbeta breast cancer cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Genistein, a soy component, has been shown to have a biphasic proliferative effect in breast cancer cells, inhibiting in vitro cell proliferation at high concentrations (>10 micromol/l), while stimulating cell proliferation at lower concentrations (<10 micromol/l). However, epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between the intake of genistein and the incidence of breast cancer. One of the possible reasons for this discrepancy could be the differing status of the estrogen receptor (ERalpha and/or ERbeta). Genistein selectively binds to ERbeta with strong affinity and thereby could be a potential chemotherapeutic agent against breast cancer of the ERalpha-negative and ERbeta-positive type. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine whether the proliferative effects of genistein were caused by its activity as a selective ERbeta agonist or merely as an antiestrogen.', 'This study was carried out in MDA-MB-231 (ERbeta) and T47D (ERalpha and ERbeta) human breast cancer cells. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The cells were grown in estrogen-starved media and exposed to genistein at different concentrations for 72 h, either in the presence or absence of 17beta-estradiol.', 'A significant decrease in cell proliferation was seen in MDA-MB-231 cells at low concentrations of genistein in the presence of 17beta-estradiol, as compared to genistein alone. In T47D cells, which are known to have a predominance of ERalpha over ERbeta, genistein showed a biphasic cell proliferative response both in the presence and absence of 17beta-estradiol.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogen Receptor alpha', 'Estrogen Receptor beta', 'Female', 'Genistein', 'Humans', 'Phytoestrogens']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,559,500 | Does lidocaine inhibit epithelial chemokine secretion via inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the antiinflammatory effect of lidocaine in intestinal epithelial cells.",
"HT-29 and T-84 cells were grown in culture with and without TNF-alpha, lidocaine, aconitine and veratridine. The secretion of IL-8 and IP-10 was measured by ELISA. A cDNA microarray was used to assess gene expression. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the results. Western blots and a modified electromobility shift assay (EMSA) were used to assess NFkappaB activation.",
"Lidocaine inhibited spontaneous and TNF-alpha induced secretion of IL-8 and IP-10. The combination of veratridine or aconitine, voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) agonists that open VGSCs, with lidocaine did not alter the effect of lidocaine on cytokine secretion. Gene array analysis revealed that IkappaB transcription was induced by TNF-alpha and inhibited by lidocaine. IkappaB real-time PCR confirmed this observation. A Western blot analysis demonstrated that the degradation of IkappaB following TNF-alpha treatment was markedly inhibited by lidocaine. Lidocaine treatment resulted in decreased generation of phosphorylated IkappaB. A modified EMSA was complementary and demonstrated marked inhibition of NFkappaB nuclear binding."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anesthetics, Local",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Chemokines",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Epithelial Cells",
"HT29 Cells",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-10",
"Interleukin-8",
"Intestinal Mucosa",
"Intestines",
"Lidocaine",
"NF-kappa B",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Lidocaine inhibits IL-8 and IP-10 secretion from intestinal cells. This effect is mediated by inhibition of NFkappaB activation via decreased IkappaB phosphorylation and is not mediated by lidocaine's effect on VGSC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does lidocaine inhibit epithelial chemokine secretion via inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To study the antiinflammatory effect of lidocaine in intestinal epithelial cells.', 'HT-29 and T-84 cells were grown in culture with and without TNF-alpha, lidocaine, aconitine and veratridine. The secretion of IL-8 and IP-10 was measured by ELISA. A cDNA microarray was used to assess gene expression. Real-time PCR was used to confirm the results. Western blots and a modified electromobility shift assay (EMSA) were used to assess NFkappaB activation.', 'Lidocaine inhibited spontaneous and TNF-alpha induced secretion of IL-8 and IP-10. The combination of veratridine or aconitine, voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) agonists that open VGSCs, with lidocaine did not alter the effect of lidocaine on cytokine secretion. Gene array analysis revealed that IkappaB transcription was induced by TNF-alpha and inhibited by lidocaine. IkappaB real-time PCR confirmed this observation. A Western blot analysis demonstrated that the degradation of IkappaB following TNF-alpha treatment was markedly inhibited by lidocaine. Lidocaine treatment resulted in decreased generation of phosphorylated IkappaB. A modified EMSA was complementary and demonstrated marked inhibition of NFkappaB nuclear binding.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anesthetics, Local', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Chemokines', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Epithelial Cells', 'HT29 Cells', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-8', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Intestines', 'Lidocaine', 'NF-kappa B', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,241 | Does plasma TF activity predict cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Tissue factor (TF) contributes to thrombosis following plaque disruption in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Aim of the study was to investigate the impact of plasma TF activity on prognosis in patients with ACS.",
"One-hundred seventy-four patients with unstable Angina pectoris (uAP) and 112 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were included with a mean follow up time of 3.26 years. On admission, plasma TF activity was assessed. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: a high-TF activity group with TF >24 pmol/L and low TF activity group with TF ≤ 24 pmol/L. Fifteen cardiovascular deaths occurred in the uAP group and 16 in the AMI group. In AMI TF activity was 24,9 ± 2,78 pmol/l (mean ± SEM) in survivors and 40,9 ± 7,96 pmol/l in nonsurvivors (P = 0.024). In uAP no differences were observed (25.0 ± 8.04 pmol/L nonsurvivors vs. 25.7 ± 2.14 pmol/L survivors; P = 0.586). Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival at 3.26 years regarding TF activity in AMI were 81.3% and 92.2% with an hazard ratio of 3.02 (95% CI [1.05-8.79], P = 0.03). The Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for correlates of age and risk factors showed that plasma TF activity was an independent correlate of survival (hazard ratio 9.27, 95% CI [1.24-69.12], P = 0.03). In an additional group of patients with uAP and AMI, we identified circulating microparticles as the prevailing reservoir of plasma TF activity in acute coronary syndromes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Systemic TF activity in AMI has an unfavorable prognostic value and as a marker for dysregulated coagulation may add to predict the atherothrombotic risk. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does plasma TF activity predict cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tissue factor (TF) contributes to thrombosis following plaque disruption in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Aim of the study was to investigate the impact of plasma TF activity on prognosis in patients with ACS.', 'One-hundred seventy-four patients with unstable Angina pectoris (uAP) and 112 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were included with a mean follow up time of 3.26 years. On admission, plasma TF activity was assessed. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: a high-TF activity group with TF >24 pmol/L and low TF activity group with TF ≤ 24 pmol/L. Fifteen cardiovascular deaths occurred in the uAP group and 16 in the AMI group. In AMI TF activity was 24,9 ± 2,78 pmol/l (mean ± SEM) in survivors and 40,9 ± 7,96 pmol/l in nonsurvivors (P = 0.024). In uAP no differences were observed (25.0 ± 8.04 pmol/L nonsurvivors vs. 25.7 ± 2.14 pmol/L survivors; P = 0.586). Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival at 3.26 years regarding TF activity in AMI were 81.3% and 92.2% with an hazard ratio of 3.02 (95% CI [1.05-8.79], P = 0.03). The Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for correlates of age and risk factors showed that plasma TF activity was an independent correlate of survival (hazard ratio 9.27, 95% CI [1.24-69.12], P = 0.03). In an additional group of patients with uAP and AMI, we identified circulating microparticles as the prevailing reservoir of plasma TF activity in acute coronary syndromes.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,566,635 | Does the relationship of clinical laboratory parameters and patient attribute to the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis? | {
"contexts": [
"With advances in medicine, the subjective assessment of patients on hemodialysis regarding their quality of life (QOL) is gaining importance. Clinicians cannot rely solely on objective markers, such as the rates of complications and mortality, when evaluating responses to dialysis. In clinical settings, laboratory values are used as measures of patients' health. However, the relationship between clinical laboratory values and QOL has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, the present study aimed to define the relationship of laboratory values and patient attributes to the QOL of outpatients on hemodialysis in order to obtain basic data for reevaluating nursing support for patients on hemodialysis in the future.",
"The participants were 44 outpatients receiving hemodialysis at Hospital B. The QOL was surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form. The following patient attributes and laboratory values were taken from the medical records: age; sex; primary disease; number of years on hemodialysis; complications; number of hours of hemodialysis per session; percentage weight gain; cardiothoracic ratio; blood pressure; hematocrit; and the serum levels of albumin, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium.",
"The serum potassium level significantly affected mental health, social functioning, symptoms, and the effect of kidney disease, with the 3.5-5.0 mEq/L target range group scoring higher than the > or =5.1 mEq/L group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Attitude to Health",
"Calcium",
"Female",
"Health Status",
"Hematocrit",
"Humans",
"Japan",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Male",
"Mental Health",
"Middle Aged",
"Nursing Methodology Research",
"Outpatients",
"Phosphorus",
"Potassium",
"Quality of Life",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Serum Albumin",
"Social Behavior",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Weight Gain"
]
} | The serum potassium level significantly affected not only physical health, but also QOL, a measure of psychosocial health. This suggests that providing nursing support to patients, guided by the serum potassium target range of 3.5-5.0 mEq/L, might improve and maintain QOL. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the relationship of clinical laboratory parameters and patient attribute to the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"With advances in medicine, the subjective assessment of patients on hemodialysis regarding their quality of life (QOL) is gaining importance. Clinicians cannot rely solely on objective markers, such as the rates of complications and mortality, when evaluating responses to dialysis. In clinical settings, laboratory values are used as measures of patients' health. However, the relationship between clinical laboratory values and QOL has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, the present study aimed to define the relationship of laboratory values and patient attributes to the QOL of outpatients on hemodialysis in order to obtain basic data for reevaluating nursing support for patients on hemodialysis in the future.\", 'The participants were 44 outpatients receiving hemodialysis at Hospital B. The QOL was surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire, the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form. The following patient attributes and laboratory values were taken from the medical records: age; sex; primary disease; number of years on hemodialysis; complications; number of hours of hemodialysis per session; percentage weight gain; cardiothoracic ratio; blood pressure; hematocrit; and the serum levels of albumin, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium.', 'The serum potassium level significantly affected mental health, social functioning, symptoms, and the effect of kidney disease, with the 3.5-5.0 mEq/L target range group scoring higher than the > or =5.1 mEq/L group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Attitude to Health', 'Calcium', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Hematocrit', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Mental Health', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Methodology Research', 'Outpatients', 'Phosphorus', 'Potassium', 'Quality of Life', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Serum Albumin', 'Social Behavior', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Weight Gain']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,562,232 | Are women , patients with severe asthma , and patients attended by primary care physicians , at higher risk of suffering from poorly controlled asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this exploratory study was to identify those factors associated with asthma control assessed according to GINA Guidelines.",
"809 (56% female) subjects with asthma were recruited consecutively from both specialist and primary care centres. Asthma control was assessed over a 4-week follow-up period using a composite measure. A multivariate analysis was performed, in which asthma control was included as the dependent variable and several explanatory variables were included as independent variables.",
"Analysis performed on the whole population rendered gender (p=0.003), the type of physician (p<0.001), and age group (p<0.001), as significant factors associated with asthma control. In adults, gender (p=0.001), asthma severity (p<0.001), and type of physician (p<0.001) were significant, and only asthma severity was significant (p=0.043) in children."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Asthma",
"Child",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Primary Health Care",
"Quality of Life",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Sex Factors",
"Smoking",
"Spain",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | After model adjustment, we suggest that being female, suffering from more severe asthma, or being attended by a primary care physician, could pose a significantly higher risk of having poorly controlled asthma in adults. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are women , patients with severe asthma , and patients attended by primary care physicians , at higher risk of suffering from poorly controlled asthma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this exploratory study was to identify those factors associated with asthma control assessed according to GINA Guidelines.', '809 (56% female) subjects with asthma were recruited consecutively from both specialist and primary care centres. Asthma control was assessed over a 4-week follow-up period using a composite measure. A multivariate analysis was performed, in which asthma control was included as the dependent variable and several explanatory variables were included as independent variables.', 'Analysis performed on the whole population rendered gender (p=0.003), the type of physician (p<0.001), and age group (p<0.001), as significant factors associated with asthma control. In adults, gender (p=0.001), asthma severity (p<0.001), and type of physician (p<0.001) were significant, and only asthma severity was significant (p=0.043) in children.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Primary Health Care', 'Quality of Life', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Sex Factors', 'Smoking', 'Spain', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,401 | Does tafluprost protect rat retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis in vitro and in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether tafluprost, which is a prostaglandin-related compound and an anti-glaucoma drug, has a direct anti-apoptotic effect in cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and rat RGCs in retinas with optic nerve crush (ONC).",
"RGC-5 cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by a serum deprivation and by exogenous glutamate. The level of cell death with or without tafluprost was monitored by an XTT assay and by immunocytochemistry with activated caspase-3. Changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) levels were measured with fluo-4 fluorescence. Rat RGCs were degenerated by ONC. After topical instillation of tafluprost for 7 and 14 days, the numbers of retrograde-labeled RGCs were counted. Retinal flatmounts were subjected to terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to detect apoptotic cells.",
"Tafluprost dose-dependently promoted RGC-5 cell viability with an optimum concentration of 3 microM (p = 0.006). Tafluprost significantly reduced caspase-3-positive cells and suppressed [Ca(+2)]i evoked by exogenous glutamate. The cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor and KT-5823 partially blocked the rescue effect of tafluprost (p = 0.002). The survival rate of RGCs significantly increased in eyes treated with tafluprost (p = 0.01), and the prevalence of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly decreased 14 days after ONC (p < 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Calcium",
"Calcium Channel Blockers",
"Carbazoles",
"Caspase 3",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Survival",
"Culture Media, Serum-Free",
"Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Glutamic Acid",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Instillation, Drug",
"Intracellular Membranes",
"Intraocular Pressure",
"Male",
"Nerve Crush",
"Neuroprotective Agents",
"Ophthalmic Solutions",
"Optic Nerve",
"Prostaglandins F",
"Protein Kinase Inhibitors",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Retinal Ganglion Cells",
"Time Factors"
]
} | These data suggest that tafluprost has an anti-apoptotic effect in RGCs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does tafluprost protect rat retinal ganglion cells from apoptosis in vitro and in vivo?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate whether tafluprost, which is a prostaglandin-related compound and an anti-glaucoma drug, has a direct anti-apoptotic effect in cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and rat RGCs in retinas with optic nerve crush (ONC).', 'RGC-5 cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by a serum deprivation and by exogenous glutamate. The level of cell death with or without tafluprost was monitored by an XTT assay and by immunocytochemistry with activated caspase-3. Changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) levels were measured with fluo-4 fluorescence. Rat RGCs were degenerated by ONC. After topical instillation of tafluprost for 7 and 14 days, the numbers of retrograde-labeled RGCs were counted. Retinal flatmounts were subjected to terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to detect apoptotic cells.', 'Tafluprost dose-dependently promoted RGC-5 cell viability with an optimum concentration of 3 microM (p = 0.006). Tafluprost significantly reduced caspase-3-positive cells and suppressed [Ca(+2)]i evoked by exogenous glutamate. The cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor and KT-5823 partially blocked the rescue effect of tafluprost (p = 0.002). The survival rate of RGCs significantly increased in eyes treated with tafluprost (p = 0.01), and the prevalence of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly decreased 14 days after ONC (p < 0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channel Blockers', 'Carbazoles', 'Caspase 3', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Culture Media, Serum-Free', 'Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Glutamic Acid', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Instillation, Drug', 'Intracellular Membranes', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Nerve Crush', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Ophthalmic Solutions', 'Optic Nerve', 'Prostaglandins F', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,257 | Is t2 at MR imaging an objective quantitative measure of cerebral white matter signal intensity abnormality in preterm infants at term-equivalent age? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare quantitative T2 relaxometry of cerebral white matter (WM) with qualitative assessment of conventional T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, to assess the relationship between cerebral WM T2 and region-specific apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and to examine WM T2 regional variation in preterm infants at term.",
"The local ethical committee granted ethical permission for this study; informed parental consent was obtained for each infant. Sixty-two preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks gestation and nine control infants were examined at 1.5 T; T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images, T2 relaxometry data, and diffusion-weighted MR images were acquired. Conventional T2-weighted MR images were assessed by a pediatric neuroradiologist for diffuse excessive high signal intensity (DEHSI) in WM. Regions of interest were positioned in frontal WM, central WM, and posterior WM at the level of the centrum semiovale.",
"In preterm infants at term, T2 was longer in all WM regions than in control infants; in infants with DEHSI, T2 was longer than in infants without DEHSI and control infants, with posterior WM T2 being longer than central or frontal WM T2. In control infants, T2 was similar in all WM regions. Frontal and posterior WM ADCs were higher in preterm infants at term than in control infants."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aging",
"Brain",
"Humans",
"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Premature",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Nerve Fibers, Myelinated"
]
} | Cerebral WM T2 is an objective quantitative measurement that can easily and rapidly be obtained during clinical MR imaging in preterm infants at term. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is t2 at MR imaging an objective quantitative measure of cerebral white matter signal intensity abnormality in preterm infants at term-equivalent age?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare quantitative T2 relaxometry of cerebral white matter (WM) with qualitative assessment of conventional T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, to assess the relationship between cerebral WM T2 and region-specific apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and to examine WM T2 regional variation in preterm infants at term.', 'The local ethical committee granted ethical permission for this study; informed parental consent was obtained for each infant. Sixty-two preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks gestation and nine control infants were examined at 1.5 T; T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR images, T2 relaxometry data, and diffusion-weighted MR images were acquired. Conventional T2-weighted MR images were assessed by a pediatric neuroradiologist for diffuse excessive high signal intensity (DEHSI) in WM. Regions of interest were positioned in frontal WM, central WM, and posterior WM at the level of the centrum semiovale.', 'In preterm infants at term, T2 was longer in all WM regions than in control infants; in infants with DEHSI, T2 was longer than in infants without DEHSI and control infants, with posterior WM T2 being longer than central or frontal WM T2. In control infants, T2 was similar in all WM regions. Frontal and posterior WM ADCs were higher in preterm infants at term than in control infants.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aging', 'Brain', 'Humans', 'Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Premature', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,915 | Does combination of isoliquiritigenin and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induce apoptosis in colon cancer HT29 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Isoliquiritigenin is a chalcone derivative with potential in cancer chemoprevention. Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-cancer agent, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL treatment. Current studies have tried to overcome TRAIL-resistant cancer cells. Here, we show for the first time that isoliquiritigenin overcomes TRAIL resistance in colon cancer HT29 cells.",
"HT29 cells were treated with isoliquiritigenin and/or TRAIL, and apoptosis induction was detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Protein expression relating to the TRAIL pathway was analyzed by Western blotting.",
"A single treatment with isoliquiritigenin scarcely induced apoptosis in HT29 cells. Combined treatment with suboptimal concentrations of isoliquiritigenin and TRAIL markedly induced apoptosis, however. The effect was blocked by a pan-caspase inhibitor and a caspase-3, 8, 9, or 10 inhibitor, suggesting that the combination facilitates caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, the apoptosis induced by isoliquiritigenin and TRAIL was blocked by a dominant negative form of the TRAIL receptor. This result indicates that the combined effect is caused by specific interaction between TRAIL and its receptors. Isoliquiritigenin increased the amount of DR5 protein among TRAIL receptors. Isoliquiritigenin did not significantly increase levels of the Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and BAX."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Our results suggest that isoliquiritigenin has the potential to overcome resistance to TRAIL in cancer cells and its chemopreventive effects may depend on TRAIL function. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does combination of isoliquiritigenin and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induce apoptosis in colon cancer HT29 cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Isoliquiritigenin is a chalcone derivative with potential in cancer chemoprevention. Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anti-cancer agent, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL treatment. Current studies have tried to overcome TRAIL-resistant cancer cells. Here, we show for the first time that isoliquiritigenin overcomes TRAIL resistance in colon cancer HT29 cells.', 'HT29 cells were treated with isoliquiritigenin and/or TRAIL, and apoptosis induction was detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Protein expression relating to the TRAIL pathway was analyzed by Western blotting.', 'A single treatment with isoliquiritigenin scarcely induced apoptosis in HT29 cells. Combined treatment with suboptimal concentrations of isoliquiritigenin and TRAIL markedly induced apoptosis, however. The effect was blocked by a pan-caspase inhibitor and a caspase-3, 8, 9, or 10 inhibitor, suggesting that the combination facilitates caspase-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, the apoptosis induced by isoliquiritigenin and TRAIL was blocked by a dominant negative form of the TRAIL receptor. This result indicates that the combined effect is caused by specific interaction between TRAIL and its receptors. Isoliquiritigenin increased the amount of DR5 protein among TRAIL receptors. Isoliquiritigenin did not significantly increase levels of the Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and BAX.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,562,301 | Does the specificity of tests for anti-beta-lactam IgE antibodies decline progressively with increase of total serum IgE? | {
"contexts": [
"Immediate allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics are mediated by specific IgE antibodies. The Phadia CAP System FEIA is a commercial method for quantification of specific IgE. We wished to determine anti-beta-lactam IgE antibodies in patients without penicillin allergy but with high levels of total IgE.",
"Sera from 41 patients (31 with high total IgE, 10 with low total IgE) were analyzed for IgE antibodies specific to penicilloyl G, penicilloyl V, amoxicilloyl and ampicilloyl using the CAP FEIA((R)) method that was available up to 2006. Seven sera that tested positive were rechecked in a new improved system available after 2006.",
"In patients without a history of penicillin allergy, the specificities of commercial tests for anti-beta-lactam IgE antibodies were 100%, 60%, 27% and 20% at total IgE levels of 8-263 kU/l, 500-664 kU/l, 1000-2000 kU/l and > 2000 kU/l, respectively. In seven retested sera, only 2 (28%) were still positive for penicillin-specific IgE antibody."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Amoxicillin",
"Ampicillin",
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Antibody Specificity",
"Drug Hypersensitivity",
"Epitopes",
"False Positive Reactions",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Intradermal Tests",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Penicillin G",
"Penicillin V",
"beta-Lactams"
]
} | Before 2006, tests for anti-beta-lactam IgE antibody in patients with total IgE > 500 kU/l were probably often false positive. Patients who were diagnosed as penicillin allergic before 2006 solely on the basis of a positive CAP FEIA test for specific IgE should be considered for diagnostic reevaluation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the specificity of tests for anti-beta-lactam IgE antibodies decline progressively with increase of total serum IgE?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Immediate allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics are mediated by specific IgE antibodies. The Phadia CAP System FEIA is a commercial method for quantification of specific IgE. We wished to determine anti-beta-lactam IgE antibodies in patients without penicillin allergy but with high levels of total IgE.', 'Sera from 41 patients (31 with high total IgE, 10 with low total IgE) were analyzed for IgE antibodies specific to penicilloyl G, penicilloyl V, amoxicilloyl and ampicilloyl using the CAP FEIA((R)) method that was available up to 2006. Seven sera that tested positive were rechecked in a new improved system available after 2006.', 'In patients without a history of penicillin allergy, the specificities of commercial tests for anti-beta-lactam IgE antibodies were 100%, 60%, 27% and 20% at total IgE levels of 8-263 kU/l, 500-664 kU/l, 1000-2000 kU/l and > 2000 kU/l, respectively. In seven retested sera, only 2 (28%) were still positive for penicillin-specific IgE antibody.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amoxicillin', 'Ampicillin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Epitopes', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Intradermal Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Penicillin G', 'Penicillin V', 'beta-Lactams']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,168 | Do concurrent growth rate and transcript analyses reveal essential gene stringency in Escherichia coli? | {
"contexts": [
"Genes essential for bacterial growth are of particular scientific interest. Many putative essential genes have been identified or predicted in several species, however, little is known about gene expression requirement stringency, which may be an important aspect of bacterial physiology and likely a determining factor in drug target development.",
"Working from the premise that essential genes differ in absolute requirement for growth, we describe silencing of putative essential genes in E. coli to obtain a titration of declining growth rates and transcript levels by using antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNA) and expressed antisense RNA. The relationship between mRNA decline and growth rate decline reflects the degree of essentiality, or stringency, of an essential gene, which is here defined by the minimum transcript level for a 50% reduction in growth rate (MTL(50)). When applied to four growth essential genes, both RNA silencing methods resulted in MTL(50) values that reveal acpP as the most stringently required of the four genes examined, with ftsZ the next most stringently required. The established antibacterial targets murA and fabI were less stringently required."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bacterial Physiological Phenomena",
"Cloning, Molecular",
"Escherichia coli",
"Escherichia coli Proteins",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial",
"Genes, Bacterial",
"Genes, Essential",
"Genetic Complementation Test",
"Genome, Bacterial",
"Microscopy, Fluorescence",
"Models, Biological",
"Oligonucleotides, Antisense",
"Open Reading Frames",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"RNA Interference"
]
} | RNA silencing can reveal stringent requirements for gene expression with respect to growth. This method may be used to validate existing essential genes and to quantify drug target requirement. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do concurrent growth rate and transcript analyses reveal essential gene stringency in Escherichia coli?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Genes essential for bacterial growth are of particular scientific interest. Many putative essential genes have been identified or predicted in several species, however, little is known about gene expression requirement stringency, which may be an important aspect of bacterial physiology and likely a determining factor in drug target development.', 'Working from the premise that essential genes differ in absolute requirement for growth, we describe silencing of putative essential genes in E. coli to obtain a titration of declining growth rates and transcript levels by using antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNA) and expressed antisense RNA. The relationship between mRNA decline and growth rate decline reflects the degree of essentiality, or stringency, of an essential gene, which is here defined by the minimum transcript level for a 50% reduction in growth rate (MTL(50)). When applied to four growth essential genes, both RNA silencing methods resulted in MTL(50) values that reveal acpP as the most stringently required of the four genes examined, with ftsZ the next most stringently required. The established antibacterial targets murA and fabI were less stringently required.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bacterial Physiological Phenomena', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Escherichia coli', 'Escherichia coli Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genes, Essential', 'Genetic Complementation Test', 'Genome, Bacterial', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Models, Biological', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'RNA Interference']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,169 | Is bacterial antigen expression an important component in inducing an immune response to orally administered Salmonella-delivered DNA vaccines? | {
"contexts": [
"The use of Salmonella to deliver heterologous antigens from DNA vaccines is a well-accepted extension of the success of oral Salmonella vaccines in animal models. Attenuated S. typhimurium and S. typhi strains are safe and efficacious, and their use to deliver DNA vaccines combines the advantages of both vaccine approaches, while complementing the limitations of each technology. An important aspect of the basic biology of the Salmonella/DNA vaccine platform is the relative contributions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression in production of the vaccine antigen. Gene expression in DNA vaccines is commonly under the control of the eukaryotic cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The aim of this study was to identify and disable putative bacterial promoters within the CMV promoter and evaluate the immunogenicity of the resulting DNA vaccine delivered orally by S. typhimurium.",
"The results reported here clearly demonstrate the presence of bacterial promoters within the CMV promoter. These promoters have homology to the bacterial consensus sequence and functional activity. To disable prokaryotic expression from the CMV promoter a series of genetic manipulations were performed to remove the two major bacterial promoters and add a bacteria transcription terminator downstream of the CMV promoter. S. typhimurium was used to immunise BALB/c mice orally with a DNA vaccine encoding the C-fragment of tetanus toxin (TT) under control of the original or the modified CMV promoter. Although both promoters functioned equally well in eukaryotic cells, as indicated by equivalent immune responses following intramuscular delivery, only the original CMV promoter was able to induce an anti-TT specific response following oral delivery by S. typhimurium."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Oral",
"Animals",
"Antibodies, Bacterial",
"Antigens, Bacterial",
"Base Sequence",
"Cytomegalovirus",
"Female",
"Immune System",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Salmonella Vaccines",
"Vaccines, DNA",
"beta-Galactosidase"
]
} | These findings suggest that prokaryotic expression of the antigen and co-delivery of this protein by Salmonella are at least partially responsible for the successful oral delivery of C-fragment DNA vaccines containing the CMV promoter by S. typhimurium. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is bacterial antigen expression an important component in inducing an immune response to orally administered Salmonella-delivered DNA vaccines?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The use of Salmonella to deliver heterologous antigens from DNA vaccines is a well-accepted extension of the success of oral Salmonella vaccines in animal models. Attenuated S. typhimurium and S. typhi strains are safe and efficacious, and their use to deliver DNA vaccines combines the advantages of both vaccine approaches, while complementing the limitations of each technology. An important aspect of the basic biology of the Salmonella/DNA vaccine platform is the relative contributions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression in production of the vaccine antigen. Gene expression in DNA vaccines is commonly under the control of the eukaryotic cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The aim of this study was to identify and disable putative bacterial promoters within the CMV promoter and evaluate the immunogenicity of the resulting DNA vaccine delivered orally by S. typhimurium.', 'The results reported here clearly demonstrate the presence of bacterial promoters within the CMV promoter. These promoters have homology to the bacterial consensus sequence and functional activity. To disable prokaryotic expression from the CMV promoter a series of genetic manipulations were performed to remove the two major bacterial promoters and add a bacteria transcription terminator downstream of the CMV promoter. S. typhimurium was used to immunise BALB/c mice orally with a DNA vaccine encoding the C-fragment of tetanus toxin (TT) under control of the original or the modified CMV promoter. Although both promoters functioned equally well in eukaryotic cells, as indicated by equivalent immune responses following intramuscular delivery, only the original CMV promoter was able to induce an anti-TT specific response following oral delivery by S. typhimurium.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Base Sequence', 'Cytomegalovirus', 'Female', 'Immune System', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Salmonella Vaccines', 'Vaccines, DNA', 'beta-Galactosidase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,740 | Does physical training in patients on hemodialysis have a beneficial effect on the levels of eicosanoid hormone-like substances? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the levels of vasoactive eicosanoid hormone-like substances PGE2, PGI2 and TXA2 in hemodialysis (HD)patients who were following a long-term physical training program during the hemodialysis session.",
"A total of 50 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (stage 5)on hemodialysis and 35 healthy individuals who served as controls (C) were evaluated. The 50 CKD patients were divided into two groups: the HD group consisted of 31 patients who received usual care without any physical activity during the hemodialysis sessions, while group HD/Exer included 19 patients who followed a program of physical exercise for six months. Plasma levels of PGE2, 6-Keto-PGF1alpha (the stable derivative of PGI2) and TXB2 (the stable derivative of TXA2) were measured by reliable enzymo-immunoassay methods (EIA) in HD and HD/Exer patients before and after the hemodialysis sessions as well as in the group of C.",
"The plasma levels of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1alpha in group HD Exer/before patients were higher than those in group HDbefore (20.39+/-5.82 and 1449.19+/-553.41 vs 17.68+/-5.36 and 1295.10+/-384.43 pg/ml, p=0.044 and p=0.067, respectively), while the plasma levels of TXB2 were lower in HD Exer/before patients compared to HDbefore(499.76+/-67.51 vs 608.01+/-80.23 pg/ml, p=0.041). The plasma levels of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1alpha in group HD Exer/after patients were significantly higher compared to those in HDafter patients (23.01+/-5.70 and 1618.19+/-435.07 vs 16.57+/-4.97 and 1005.44+/-317.16 pg/ml, p<0.001 and p<0.040, respectively). However, significantly lower values in the plasma levels of TXB2 in HD Exer/after compared to HDafter patients (363.10+/-51.91 vs 439.75+/-62.34 pg/ml, p=0.030) were detected. As expected, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1alpha values were lower in C than in the groups of patients with CKD."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Dinoprostone",
"Eicosanoids",
"Epoprostenol",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Physical Fitness",
"Reference Values",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Thromboxane A2"
]
} | The data indicate that exercise training during HD exerts a beneficial effect on the levels of the vasoactive eicosanoid hormone-like substances in patients on HD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does physical training in patients on hemodialysis have a beneficial effect on the levels of eicosanoid hormone-like substances?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the levels of vasoactive eicosanoid hormone-like substances PGE2, PGI2 and TXA2 in hemodialysis (HD)patients who were following a long-term physical training program during the hemodialysis session.', 'A total of 50 patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (stage 5)on hemodialysis and 35 healthy individuals who served as controls (C) were evaluated. The 50 CKD patients were divided into two groups: the HD group consisted of 31 patients who received usual care without any physical activity during the hemodialysis sessions, while group HD/Exer included 19 patients who followed a program of physical exercise for six months. Plasma levels of PGE2, 6-Keto-PGF1alpha (the stable derivative of PGI2) and TXB2 (the stable derivative of TXA2) were measured by reliable enzymo-immunoassay methods (EIA) in HD and HD/Exer patients before and after the hemodialysis sessions as well as in the group of C.', 'The plasma levels of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1alpha in group HD Exer/before patients were higher than those in group HDbefore (20.39+/-5.82 and 1449.19+/-553.41 vs 17.68+/-5.36 and 1295.10+/-384.43 pg/ml, p=0.044 and p=0.067, respectively), while the plasma levels of TXB2 were lower in HD Exer/before patients compared to HDbefore(499.76+/-67.51 vs 608.01+/-80.23 pg/ml, p=0.041). The plasma levels of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1alpha in group HD Exer/after patients were significantly higher compared to those in HDafter patients (23.01+/-5.70 and 1618.19+/-435.07 vs 16.57+/-4.97 and 1005.44+/-317.16 pg/ml, p<0.001 and p<0.040, respectively). However, significantly lower values in the plasma levels of TXB2 in HD Exer/after compared to HDafter patients (363.10+/-51.91 vs 439.75+/-62.34 pg/ml, p=0.030) were detected. As expected, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1alpha values were lower in C than in the groups of patients with CKD.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Dinoprostone', 'Eicosanoids', 'Epoprostenol', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Physical Fitness', 'Reference Values', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Thromboxane A2']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,552,814 | Do single-copy nuclear genes resolve the phylogeny of the holometabolous insects? | {
"contexts": [
"Evolutionary relationships among the 11 extant orders of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, called Holometabola, remain either unresolved or contentious, but are extremely important as a context for accurate comparative biology of insect model organisms. The most phylogenetically enigmatic holometabolan insects are Strepsiptera or twisted wing parasites, whose evolutionary relationship to any other insect order is unconfirmed. They have been controversially proposed as the closest relatives of the flies, based on rDNA, and a possible homeotic transformation in the common ancestor of both groups that would make the reduced forewings of Strepsiptera homologous to the reduced hindwings of Diptera. Here we present evidence from nucleotide sequences of six single-copy nuclear protein coding genes used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate evolutionary divergence times for all holometabolan orders.",
"Our results strongly support Hymenoptera as the earliest branching holometabolan lineage, the monophyly of the extant orders, including the fleas, and traditionally recognized groupings of Neuropteroidea and Mecopterida. Most significantly, we find strong support for a close relationship between Coleoptera (beetles) and Strepsiptera, a previously proposed, but analytically controversial relationship. Exploratory analyses reveal that this relationship cannot be explained by long-branch attraction or other systematic biases. Bayesian divergence times analysis, with reference to specific fossil constraints, places the origin of Holometabola in the Carboniferous (355 Ma), a date significantly older than previous paleontological and morphological phylogenetic reconstructions. The origin and diversification of most extant insect orders began in the Triassic, but flourished in the Jurassic, with multiple adaptive radiations producing the astounding diversity of insect species for which these groups are so well known."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Base Sequence",
"Bayes Theorem",
"Evolution, Molecular",
"Genes, Insect",
"Hymenoptera",
"Insecta",
"Likelihood Functions",
"Metamorphosis, Biological",
"Phylogeny"
]
} | These findings provide the most complete evolutionary framework for future comparative studies on holometabolous model organisms and contribute strong evidence for the resolution of the 'Strepsiptera problem', a long-standing and hotly debated issue in insect phylogenetics. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do single-copy nuclear genes resolve the phylogeny of the holometabolous insects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Evolutionary relationships among the 11 extant orders of insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, called Holometabola, remain either unresolved or contentious, but are extremely important as a context for accurate comparative biology of insect model organisms. The most phylogenetically enigmatic holometabolan insects are Strepsiptera or twisted wing parasites, whose evolutionary relationship to any other insect order is unconfirmed. They have been controversially proposed as the closest relatives of the flies, based on rDNA, and a possible homeotic transformation in the common ancestor of both groups that would make the reduced forewings of Strepsiptera homologous to the reduced hindwings of Diptera. Here we present evidence from nucleotide sequences of six single-copy nuclear protein coding genes used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate evolutionary divergence times for all holometabolan orders.', 'Our results strongly support Hymenoptera as the earliest branching holometabolan lineage, the monophyly of the extant orders, including the fleas, and traditionally recognized groupings of Neuropteroidea and Mecopterida. Most significantly, we find strong support for a close relationship between Coleoptera (beetles) and Strepsiptera, a previously proposed, but analytically controversial relationship. Exploratory analyses reveal that this relationship cannot be explained by long-branch attraction or other systematic biases. Bayesian divergence times analysis, with reference to specific fossil constraints, places the origin of Holometabola in the Carboniferous (355 Ma), a date significantly older than previous paleontological and morphological phylogenetic reconstructions. The origin and diversification of most extant insect orders began in the Triassic, but flourished in the Jurassic, with multiple adaptive radiations producing the astounding diversity of insect species for which these groups are so well known.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Genes, Insect', 'Hymenoptera', 'Insecta', 'Likelihood Functions', 'Metamorphosis, Biological', 'Phylogeny']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,387 | Do endogenous TasiRNAs mediate non-cell autonomous effects on gene regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana? | {
"contexts": [
"Different classes of small RNAs (sRNAs) refine the expression of numerous genes in higher eukaryotes by directing protein partners to complementary nucleic acids, where they mediate gene silencing. Plants encode a unique class of sRNAs, called trans-acting small interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs), which post-transcriptionally regulate protein-coding transcripts, as do microRNAs (miRNAs), and both sRNA classes control development through their targets. TasiRNA biogenesis requires multiple components of the siRNA pathway and also miRNAs. But while 21mer siRNAs originating from transgenes can mediate silencing across several cell layers, miRNA action seems spatially restricted to the producing or closely surrounding cells.",
"We have previously described the isolation of a genetrap reporter line for TAS3a, the major locus producing AUXIN RESPONS FACTOR (ARF)-regulating tasiRNAs in the Arabidopsis shoot. Its activity is limited to the adaxial (upper) side of leaf primordia, thus spatially isolated from ARF-activities, which are located in the abaxial (lower) side. We show here by in situ hybridization and reporter fusions that the silencing activities of ARF-regulating tasiRNAs are indeed manifested non-cell autonomously to spatially control ARF activities."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Arabidopsis",
"Arabidopsis Proteins",
"Base Sequence",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Plant",
"Genome, Plant",
"MicroRNAs",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Models, Genetic",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Plant Leaves",
"Plants, Genetically Modified",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Transcriptional Activation"
]
} | Endogenous tasiRNAs are thus mediators of a mobile developmental signal and might provide effective gene silencing at a distance beyond the reach of most miRNAs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do endogenous TasiRNAs mediate non-cell autonomous effects on gene regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Different classes of small RNAs (sRNAs) refine the expression of numerous genes in higher eukaryotes by directing protein partners to complementary nucleic acids, where they mediate gene silencing. Plants encode a unique class of sRNAs, called trans-acting small interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs), which post-transcriptionally regulate protein-coding transcripts, as do microRNAs (miRNAs), and both sRNA classes control development through their targets. TasiRNA biogenesis requires multiple components of the siRNA pathway and also miRNAs. But while 21mer siRNAs originating from transgenes can mediate silencing across several cell layers, miRNA action seems spatially restricted to the producing or closely surrounding cells.', 'We have previously described the isolation of a genetrap reporter line for TAS3a, the major locus producing AUXIN RESPONS FACTOR (ARF)-regulating tasiRNAs in the Arabidopsis shoot. Its activity is limited to the adaxial (upper) side of leaf primordia, thus spatially isolated from ARF-activities, which are located in the abaxial (lower) side. We show here by in situ hybridization and reporter fusions that the silencing activities of ARF-regulating tasiRNAs are indeed manifested non-cell autonomously to spatially control ARF activities.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genome, Plant', 'MicroRNAs', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plants, Genetically Modified', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Transcriptional Activation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,539,984 | Is a thymic stromal lymphopoietin gene variant associated with asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness? | {
"contexts": [
"The epithelial cell-derived protein thymic stromal lymphopoietin stimulates dendritic and mast cells to promote proallergic T(H)2 responses. Studies of transgenic expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and its receptor knockout mice have emphasized its critical role in the development of allergic inflammation. Association of genetic variation in thymic stromal lymphopoietin with IgE levels has been reported for human subjects.",
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between variants of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and asthma and related phenotypes.",
"We selected 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms in thymic stromal lymphopoietin and genotyped 5565 individuals from 4 independent asthma studies and tested for association with asthma, atopy, atopic asthma, and airway hyperresponsiveness by using a general allelic likelihood ratio test. P values were corrected for the effective number of independent single nucleotide polymorphisms and phenotypes.",
"The A allele of rs1837253, which is 5.7 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the gene, was associated with protection from asthma, atopic asthma, and airway hyperresponsiveness, with the odds ratios and corrected P values for each being 0.79 and 0.0058; 0.75 and 0.0074; and 0.76 and 0.0094, respectively. Associations between thymic stromal lymphopoietin and asthma-related phenotypes were the most statistically significant observations in our study, which has to date examined 98 candidate genes. Full results are available online at http://genapha.icapture.ubc.ca/."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alleles",
"Asthma",
"Bronchial Hyperreactivity",
"Cytokines",
"Female",
"Gene Expression",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Linkage Disequilibrium",
"Male",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | A genetic variant in the region of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin gene is associated with the phenotypes of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a thymic stromal lymphopoietin gene variant associated with asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The epithelial cell-derived protein thymic stromal lymphopoietin stimulates dendritic and mast cells to promote proallergic T(H)2 responses. Studies of transgenic expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and its receptor knockout mice have emphasized its critical role in the development of allergic inflammation. Association of genetic variation in thymic stromal lymphopoietin with IgE levels has been reported for human subjects.', 'The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between variants of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and asthma and related phenotypes.', 'We selected 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms in thymic stromal lymphopoietin and genotyped 5565 individuals from 4 independent asthma studies and tested for association with asthma, atopy, atopic asthma, and airway hyperresponsiveness by using a general allelic likelihood ratio test. P values were corrected for the effective number of independent single nucleotide polymorphisms and phenotypes.', 'The A allele of rs1837253, which is 5.7 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the gene, was associated with protection from asthma, atopic asthma, and airway hyperresponsiveness, with the odds ratios and corrected P values for each being 0.79 and 0.0058; 0.75 and 0.0074; and 0.76 and 0.0094, respectively. Associations between thymic stromal lymphopoietin and asthma-related phenotypes were the most statistically significant observations in our study, which has to date examined 98 candidate genes. Full results are available online at http://genapha.icapture.ubc.ca/.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alleles', 'Asthma', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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