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stringlengths 17
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19,539,982 | Does eosinophil-derived IFN-gamma induce airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in the absence of lymphocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Eosinophils are key players in T(H)2-driven pathologies, such as allergic lung inflammation. After IL-5- and eotaxin-mediated tissue recruitment, they release several cytotoxic and inflammatory mediators. However, their exact contribution to asthma remains controversial. Indeed, in human subjects anti-IL-5 treatment inhibits eosinophilia but not antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Likewise, lung fibrosis is abrogated in 2 strains of eosinophil-deficient mice, whereas AHR is inhibited in only one of them. Finally, eosinophils have been shown to attract T(H)2 lymphocytes at the inflammatory site.",
"The ability of eosinophils to promote AHR and lung inflammation independently of lymphocytes was investigated.",
"Adoptive transfers of resting or activated eosinophils from IL-5 transgenic mice were performed into naive BALB/c mice, mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, and IFN-gamma-deficient BALB/c recipients.",
"Adoptively transferred eosinophils induced lung inflammation, fibrosis, collagen deposition, and AHR not only in BALB/c mice but also in recipient mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Surprisingly, IFN-gamma expression was increased in lungs from eosinophil-transferred animals. Furthermore, IFN-gamma neutralization in recipients partially inhibited eosinophil-induced AHR. Moreover, IFN-gamma-deficient eosinophils or eosinophils treated with a blocking anti-IFN-gamma receptor antibody failed to induce AHR in IFN-gamma-deficient recipients. Finally, in vitro and at low concentrations, IFN-gamma increased eosinophil peroxidase release, potentiated chemotaxis, and prolonged survival, suggesting the existence of an autocrine mechanism."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adoptive Transfer",
"Animals",
"Bronchial Hyperreactivity",
"Chemotaxis",
"Eosinophil Peroxidase",
"Eosinophils",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-5",
"Lung",
"Lymphocytes",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Mice, SCID",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Pneumonia",
"Receptors, Interferon"
]
} | These results support the important and previously unsuspected contribution of eosinophils to lung inflammation independently of lymphocytes through production of IFN-gamma, the prototypical T(H)1 cytokine. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does eosinophil-derived IFN-gamma induce airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation in the absence of lymphocytes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Eosinophils are key players in T(H)2-driven pathologies, such as allergic lung inflammation. After IL-5- and eotaxin-mediated tissue recruitment, they release several cytotoxic and inflammatory mediators. However, their exact contribution to asthma remains controversial. Indeed, in human subjects anti-IL-5 treatment inhibits eosinophilia but not antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Likewise, lung fibrosis is abrogated in 2 strains of eosinophil-deficient mice, whereas AHR is inhibited in only one of them. Finally, eosinophils have been shown to attract T(H)2 lymphocytes at the inflammatory site.', 'The ability of eosinophils to promote AHR and lung inflammation independently of lymphocytes was investigated.', 'Adoptive transfers of resting or activated eosinophils from IL-5 transgenic mice were performed into naive BALB/c mice, mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, and IFN-gamma-deficient BALB/c recipients.', 'Adoptively transferred eosinophils induced lung inflammation, fibrosis, collagen deposition, and AHR not only in BALB/c mice but also in recipient mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Surprisingly, IFN-gamma expression was increased in lungs from eosinophil-transferred animals. Furthermore, IFN-gamma neutralization in recipients partially inhibited eosinophil-induced AHR. Moreover, IFN-gamma-deficient eosinophils or eosinophils treated with a blocking anti-IFN-gamma receptor antibody failed to induce AHR in IFN-gamma-deficient recipients. Finally, in vitro and at low concentrations, IFN-gamma increased eosinophil peroxidase release, potentiated chemotaxis, and prolonged survival, suggesting the existence of an autocrine mechanism.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adoptive Transfer', 'Animals', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Chemotaxis', 'Eosinophil Peroxidase', 'Eosinophils', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-5', 'Lung', 'Lymphocytes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, SCID', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Pneumonia', 'Receptors, Interferon']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,567,646 | Does diffusion-tensor imaging implicate prefrontal axonal injury in executive function impairment following very mild traumatic brain injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether frontal white matter diffusion abnormalities can help predict acute executive function impairment after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).",
"This study had institutional review board approval, included written informed consent, and complied with HIPAA. Diffusion-tensor imaging and standardized neuropsychologic assessments were performed in 20 patients with mTBI within 2 weeks of injury and 20 matched control subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) images (imaging parameters: 3.0 T, 25 directions, b = 1000 sec/mm(2)) were compared by using whole-brain voxelwise analysis. Spearman correlation analyses were performed to evaluate associations between diffusion measures and executive function.",
"Multiple clusters of lower frontal white matter FA, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), were present in patients (P < .005), with several clusters also demonstrating higher MD (P < .005). Patients performed worse on tests of executive function. Lower DLPFC FA was significantly correlated with worse executive function performance in patients (P < .05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Accidental Falls",
"Accidents, Traffic",
"Adult",
"Anisotropy",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Diffuse Axonal Injury",
"Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prefrontal Cortex"
]
} | Impaired executive function following mTBI is associated with axonal injury involving the DLPFC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does diffusion-tensor imaging implicate prefrontal axonal injury in executive function impairment following very mild traumatic brain injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether frontal white matter diffusion abnormalities can help predict acute executive function impairment after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).', 'This study had institutional review board approval, included written informed consent, and complied with HIPAA. Diffusion-tensor imaging and standardized neuropsychologic assessments were performed in 20 patients with mTBI within 2 weeks of injury and 20 matched control subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) images (imaging parameters: 3.0 T, 25 directions, b = 1000 sec/mm(2)) were compared by using whole-brain voxelwise analysis. Spearman correlation analyses were performed to evaluate associations between diffusion measures and executive function.', 'Multiple clusters of lower frontal white matter FA, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), were present in patients (P < .005), with several clusters also demonstrating higher MD (P < .005). Patients performed worse on tests of executive function. Lower DLPFC FA was significantly correlated with worse executive function performance in patients (P < .05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Accidental Falls', 'Accidents, Traffic', 'Adult', 'Anisotropy', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Diffuse Axonal Injury', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prefrontal Cortex']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,550,399 | Are blood serum immunoglobulins of patients with multiple myeloma capable of hydrolysing histone H1? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently we have shown that the imunoglobulins G from blood serum of some multiple sclerosis patients are capable of cleaving histone H1.",
"To check whether histone H1-hydrolyzing abzymes could be detected not only in blood plasma of autoimmune patients, but also during cancer development, particularly during the onset of multiple myeloma.",
"Immunoglobulines were isolated from blood serum of multiple myeloma patients (n = 11) by precipitation with 50% ammonium sulfate and tested for proteolytic activity toward linker and core calf thymus histones. Antibody preparations able to cleaved histone H1 were subjected to affinity chromatography on histone H1-Sepharose with following analysis of chromatographic fractions' protease activity. To prove that antibody molecules are responsible for hydrolysis of histone H1, gel filtration at acidic pH with subsequent examination of protease activity of chromatographic fractions (pH-shock analysis) was used.",
"It was found that 3 of 11 antibody preparations are capable of hydrolyzing calf thymus histone H1 but not core histones. It was shown that histone H1-hydrolysing activity of 2 proteolytically active antibody preparations is associated with IgGs that possess affinity towards histone H1. pH-shock analysis proved that protease activity towards histone H1 is intrinsic property of IgG molecules."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antibodies, Catalytic",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Female",
"Histones",
"Humans",
"Hydrolysis",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multiple Myeloma"
]
} | We demonstrated the existence of previously unknown histone H1 hydrolyzing IgG abzymes in the serum of multiple myeloma patients. Possible biological role of hisH1-hydrolyzing antibodies in patients with multiple myeloma was discussed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are blood serum immunoglobulins of patients with multiple myeloma capable of hydrolysing histone H1?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recently we have shown that the imunoglobulins G from blood serum of some multiple sclerosis patients are capable of cleaving histone H1.', 'To check whether histone H1-hydrolyzing abzymes could be detected not only in blood plasma of autoimmune patients, but also during cancer development, particularly during the onset of multiple myeloma.', \"Immunoglobulines were isolated from blood serum of multiple myeloma patients (n = 11) by precipitation with 50% ammonium sulfate and tested for proteolytic activity toward linker and core calf thymus histones. Antibody preparations able to cleaved histone H1 were subjected to affinity chromatography on histone H1-Sepharose with following analysis of chromatographic fractions' protease activity. To prove that antibody molecules are responsible for hydrolysis of histone H1, gel filtration at acidic pH with subsequent examination of protease activity of chromatographic fractions (pH-shock analysis) was used.\", 'It was found that 3 of 11 antibody preparations are capable of hydrolyzing calf thymus histone H1 but not core histones. It was shown that histone H1-hydrolysing activity of 2 proteolytically active antibody preparations is associated with IgGs that possess affinity towards histone H1. pH-shock analysis proved that protease activity towards histone H1 is intrinsic property of IgG molecules.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antibodies, Catalytic', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Female', 'Histones', 'Humans', 'Hydrolysis', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,983 | Does mitral regurgitation reduce systemic coagulation activity in patients with rheumatic heart disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) reduces left atrial thrombus formation in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Plasma D-dimer levels represent a biochemical marker for fibrinolytic activity in prothrombotic states. The prothrombotic burden in patients with mitral valve disease and/or AF was assessed using plasma D-dimer levels.",
"The study population included 89 patients with mitral valve disease, 21 with AF but normal valves, and 15 healthy controls. The mitral valve group was subdivided into patients with MS (n = 27), severe MR (n = 26), and MS with concomitant with severe MR (MS/MR; n = 36). These subgroups were further subdivided according to the atrial rhythm (sinus rhythm (SR)+AF).",
"The mean left atrial size was increased in all groups with cardiac disease. D-dimer levels were highest in the MS+AF subgroup (527 +/- 134 microg/l). Patients with MS+AF, MS+SR, and nonvalvular AF had significantly higher D-dimer levels than controls (p < 0.01, by ANOVA). Patients with MR had normal levels of D-dimer. The atrial rhythm did not influence D-dimer levels in the MS/MR subgroup, or in the pure MR subgroup (p = NS)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Atrial Fibrillation",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Coagulation",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Mitral Valve Insufficiency",
"Mitral Valve Stenosis",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Rheumatic Heart Disease",
"Risk Factors",
"Stroke",
"Thromboembolism"
]
} | Plasma D-dimer levels correlated with the embolic risk in mitral valve disease and non-valvular AF. The highest levels were found in patients with MS+AF and non-valvular AF. Severe MR decreased the D-dimer levels in MS and/or AF to control levels. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mitral regurgitation reduce systemic coagulation activity in patients with rheumatic heart disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Severe mitral regurgitation (MR) reduces left atrial thrombus formation in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Plasma D-dimer levels represent a biochemical marker for fibrinolytic activity in prothrombotic states. The prothrombotic burden in patients with mitral valve disease and/or AF was assessed using plasma D-dimer levels.', 'The study population included 89 patients with mitral valve disease, 21 with AF but normal valves, and 15 healthy controls. The mitral valve group was subdivided into patients with MS (n = 27), severe MR (n = 26), and MS with concomitant with severe MR (MS/MR; n = 36). These subgroups were further subdivided according to the atrial rhythm (sinus rhythm (SR)+AF).', 'The mean left atrial size was increased in all groups with cardiac disease. D-dimer levels were highest in the MS+AF subgroup (527 +/- 134 microg/l). Patients with MS+AF, MS+SR, and nonvalvular AF had significantly higher D-dimer levels than controls (p < 0.01, by ANOVA). Patients with MR had normal levels of D-dimer. The atrial rhythm did not influence D-dimer levels in the MS/MR subgroup, or in the pure MR subgroup (p = NS).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve Insufficiency', 'Mitral Valve Stenosis', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rheumatic Heart Disease', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke', 'Thromboembolism']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,550,408 | Does light and moderate alcohol consumption significantly reduce the prevalence of fatty liver in the Japanese male population? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of alcohol consumption on the liver is controversial. Recent reports have suggested that moderate alcohol consumption decreases the prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. The role of alcohol consumption in the development of fatty liver (FL), however, has not been studied definitively. The aim of this study was to examine the association between alcohol consumption and FL in a large Japanese population.",
"A total of 7,431 asymptomatic male subjects who underwent a complete medical survey in our institute between May 2007 and July 2008 were recruited. Cases positive for hepatitis B or C viruses, potential hepatotoxic drug intake, or under treatment for metabolic disorders were excluded. FL was defined by ultrasonography. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) were measured by computed tomography. Independent and significant predictors associated with FL were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis.",
"Of the initial study candidates, 130 (1.7%) were positive for hepatitis B and 66 (0.8%) were positive for hepatitis C. On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5,599 men (50.9+/-8.1 years) were studied cross-sectionally. Light (40-140 g/week) and moderate (140-280 g/week) alcohol consumption significantly and independently reduced the likelihood of FL (odds ratio=0.824 and 0.754, 95% confidence interval=0.683-0.994 and 0.612-0.928, P=0.044 and 0.008, respectively) by multivariate analysis after adjusting for potential confounding variables. VAT, SAT, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose were significant predictors of the increased prevalence of FL, whereas age was a predictor of the decreased prevalence of FL."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Fatty Liver",
"Humans",
"Japan",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prevalence"
]
} | The prevalence of FL was significantly and independently decreased by light and moderate alcohol consumption in men of an asymptomatic Japanese population. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does light and moderate alcohol consumption significantly reduce the prevalence of fatty liver in the Japanese male population?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The effect of alcohol consumption on the liver is controversial. Recent reports have suggested that moderate alcohol consumption decreases the prevalence of elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. The role of alcohol consumption in the development of fatty liver (FL), however, has not been studied definitively. The aim of this study was to examine the association between alcohol consumption and FL in a large Japanese population.', 'A total of 7,431 asymptomatic male subjects who underwent a complete medical survey in our institute between May 2007 and July 2008 were recruited. Cases positive for hepatitis B or C viruses, potential hepatotoxic drug intake, or under treatment for metabolic disorders were excluded. FL was defined by ultrasonography. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT) were measured by computed tomography. Independent and significant predictors associated with FL were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis.', 'Of the initial study candidates, 130 (1.7%) were positive for hepatitis B and 66 (0.8%) were positive for hepatitis C. On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5,599 men (50.9+/-8.1 years) were studied cross-sectionally. Light (40-140 g/week) and moderate (140-280 g/week) alcohol consumption significantly and independently reduced the likelihood of FL (odds ratio=0.824 and 0.754, 95% confidence interval=0.683-0.994 and 0.612-0.928, P=0.044 and 0.008, respectively) by multivariate analysis after adjusting for potential confounding variables. VAT, SAT, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose were significant predictors of the increased prevalence of FL, whereas age was a predictor of the decreased prevalence of FL.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Fatty Liver', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,829 | Do the long-term effects of modified electrode surfaces and intracochlear corticosteroids on postoperative impedances in cochlear implant patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of intraoperative application of steroid suspension and coating of the electrode contacts with a thin film of iridium oxide on the intracochlear impedance development after cochlear implantation and on the impedance difference before and after stimulation.",
"Time-dependent development of intracochlear impedances was investigated in 4 different groups of adult patients up to 4 years after implantation. Additionally, during rehabilitation period just after first fitting, impedances before and after stimulation were measured as to investigate the influence of electrical stimulation on the impedances. Results from standard Nucleus 24 Contour (control), standard Nucleus 24 Contour with intraoperative application of steroids, iridium-coated Nucleus 24 Contour, and iridium-coated Nucleus 24 Contour with intraoperative application of steroids were compared.",
"Steroid application reduced impedances significantly throughout the observation period of up to 4 years after implantation. Iridium oxide coating had no effect. Differences between the groups were mainly found on the basal and middle parts of the cochlea, but not close to the tip of the array, also indicating that postoperative fibrous tissue growth is stronger in the basal region of the cochlea. Group mean values of the stimulation effect were not influenced by the different treatments. Nevertheless, only in both steroid-treated groups a correlation between the impedance before stimulation and the stimulation effect was found."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acoustic Impedance Tests",
"Adrenal Cortex Hormones",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Cochlea",
"Cochlear Implantation",
"Cochlear Implants",
"Data Interpretation, Statistical",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Electrodes",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Injections",
"Male",
"Middle Aged"
]
} | Although the differences between control and steroid-treated groups decrease with time, single intraoperative intracochlear steroid deposition was proven to lower postoperative impedances during first 3 to 4 years after implantation probably because of reduction of fibrous tissue growth. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do the long-term effects of modified electrode surfaces and intracochlear corticosteroids on postoperative impedances in cochlear implant patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of intraoperative application of steroid suspension and coating of the electrode contacts with a thin film of iridium oxide on the intracochlear impedance development after cochlear implantation and on the impedance difference before and after stimulation.', 'Time-dependent development of intracochlear impedances was investigated in 4 different groups of adult patients up to 4 years after implantation. Additionally, during rehabilitation period just after first fitting, impedances before and after stimulation were measured as to investigate the influence of electrical stimulation on the impedances. Results from standard Nucleus 24 Contour (control), standard Nucleus 24 Contour with intraoperative application of steroids, iridium-coated Nucleus 24 Contour, and iridium-coated Nucleus 24 Contour with intraoperative application of steroids were compared.', 'Steroid application reduced impedances significantly throughout the observation period of up to 4 years after implantation. Iridium oxide coating had no effect. Differences between the groups were mainly found on the basal and middle parts of the cochlea, but not close to the tip of the array, also indicating that postoperative fibrous tissue growth is stronger in the basal region of the cochlea. Group mean values of the stimulation effect were not influenced by the different treatments. Nevertheless, only in both steroid-treated groups a correlation between the impedance before stimulation and the stimulation effect was found.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acoustic Impedance Tests', 'Adrenal Cortex Hormones', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cochlea', 'Cochlear Implantation', 'Cochlear Implants', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electrodes', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Injections', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,523 | Does hIV Nef protein cause endothelial dysfunction in porcine pulmonary arteries and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with several chronic diseases, including pulmonary artery hypertension and atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of these vascular complications are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to test a novel hypothesis that HIV Nef, an accessory HIV protein, may directly affect endothelial functions and gene expression in pulmonary arteries.",
"Fresh porcine pulmonary artery rings and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were treated with HIV Nef for 24 h. With a myograph device, vasomotor function was determined with thromboxane A2 analog, U46619, for contraction, bradykinin, and sodium nitroprusside for relaxation. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was determined with real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Nitric oxide (NO) production was determined by Calorimetric Nitric Oxide Assay kit. Superoxide anion levels were detected with lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence assay and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining.",
"The endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to bradykinin was significantly reduced in HIV Nef-treated porcine pulmonary artery rings in a concentration-dependent manner. In response to bradykinin (10(-8) mol/L), HIV Nef (10 ng/mL) significantly reduced vasorelaxation by 32% compared with untreated controls (P < 0.05). In addition, HIV Nef significantly decreased eNOS expression in the vessels and HPAECs. HIV Nef at 10 ng/mL significantly decreased NO production in HPAECs by 21% compared with controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, HIV Nef significantly increased superoxide anion production in porcine pulmonary arteries and HPAECs compared with controls (P < 0.05). Consequently, Mn (III) tetrakis porphyrin, a superoxide dismutase mimic, effectively blocked HIV Nef-induced vasomotor dysfunction and superoxide anion production. The specificity of HIV Nef action was confirmed by anti-Nef antibody blocking and Nef heat inactivation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"Models, Animal",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Pulmonary Artery",
"Superoxides",
"Swine",
"Vascular Diseases",
"Vasodilation",
"Vasomotor System",
"nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus"
]
} | HIV Nef protein significantly decreases endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in porcine pulmonary arteries. It also reduces eNOS expression and induces oxidative stress in both porcine pulmonary arteries and HPAECs. This study demonstrates a new mechanism of HIV Nef, which causes endothelial dysfunction and may contribute to the human pulmonary artery disease in HIV-infected patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hIV Nef protein cause endothelial dysfunction in porcine pulmonary arteries and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with several chronic diseases, including pulmonary artery hypertension and atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of these vascular complications are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to test a novel hypothesis that HIV Nef, an accessory HIV protein, may directly affect endothelial functions and gene expression in pulmonary arteries.', 'Fresh porcine pulmonary artery rings and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were treated with HIV Nef for 24 h. With a myograph device, vasomotor function was determined with thromboxane A2 analog, U46619, for contraction, bradykinin, and sodium nitroprusside for relaxation. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was determined with real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Nitric oxide (NO) production was determined by Calorimetric Nitric Oxide Assay kit. Superoxide anion levels were detected with lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence assay and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining.', 'The endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to bradykinin was significantly reduced in HIV Nef-treated porcine pulmonary artery rings in a concentration-dependent manner. In response to bradykinin (10(-8) mol/L), HIV Nef (10 ng/mL) significantly reduced vasorelaxation by 32% compared with untreated controls (P < 0.05). In addition, HIV Nef significantly decreased eNOS expression in the vessels and HPAECs. HIV Nef at 10 ng/mL significantly decreased NO production in HPAECs by 21% compared with controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, HIV Nef significantly increased superoxide anion production in porcine pulmonary arteries and HPAECs compared with controls (P < 0.05). Consequently, Mn (III) tetrakis porphyrin, a superoxide dismutase mimic, effectively blocked HIV Nef-induced vasomotor dysfunction and superoxide anion production. The specificity of HIV Nef action was confirmed by anti-Nef antibody blocking and Nef heat inactivation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Models, Animal', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Superoxides', 'Swine', 'Vascular Diseases', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasomotor System', 'nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,520 | Does pharmacological preconditioning using intraportal infusion of L-arginine protect against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study examined the effects of intraportal infusion of L-arginine on ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) in pig livers, by observing changes in the liver function, liver cell morphology, and changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure.",
"The involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the reperfusion-ischemic phenomenon is complex and not fully understood. Likewise, little is known about the possible benefit of intraportal infusion of L-arginine (substrate for the NO synthesis) on liver I/RI.",
"A pig model consisting of 90 min of hepatic ischemia and 180 min of reperfusion was employed. Eighteen female hybrid pigs were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated, non-preconditioned, and pharmacologically preconditioned group (intraportal infusion of L-arginine 400 mg/kg) 10 min before being subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the bile flow were measured. Liver biopsies were taken 180 min after reperfusion for histology, caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural examination of mitochondria.",
"In the pharmacologically preconditioned group, we observed increased bile flow (P < 0.01) and improved serum AST levels (P < 0.01) relative to the non-preconditioned group. Serum concentrations of TBARS did not differ between the groups. Sinusoidal congestion (P = 0.02) was more evident in the non-preconditioned group than in the sham operated group. Infiltrating PMNs (P = 0.01) were more evident in the non-preconditioned group than in the sham and pharmacologically preconditioned group. The pharmacologically preconditioned group showed an approximately 2.5-fold decrease in caspase-3 activity relative to the non-preconditioned group (P < 0.01). Notably, damage to the mitochondrial ultrastructure in the pharmacologically preconditioned group was reduced relative to the other groups (P < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alanine Transaminase",
"Animals",
"Arginine",
"Aspartate Aminotransferases",
"Caspase 3",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Female",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Ischemic Preconditioning",
"Liver",
"Mitochondria, Liver",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Signal Transduction",
"Swine",
"Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances"
]
} | Pharmacological preconditioning with intraportal L-arginine provided protection against hepatic I/RI in early phases of the reperfusion period. The mechanisms underlying the protective effect may include preservation of the mitochondrial structure and inhibition of caspase-3 activity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pharmacological preconditioning using intraportal infusion of L-arginine protect against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The present study examined the effects of intraportal infusion of L-arginine on ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) in pig livers, by observing changes in the liver function, liver cell morphology, and changes in the mitochondrial ultrastructure.', 'The involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in the reperfusion-ischemic phenomenon is complex and not fully understood. Likewise, little is known about the possible benefit of intraportal infusion of L-arginine (substrate for the NO synthesis) on liver I/RI.', 'A pig model consisting of 90 min of hepatic ischemia and 180 min of reperfusion was employed. Eighteen female hybrid pigs were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated, non-preconditioned, and pharmacologically preconditioned group (intraportal infusion of L-arginine 400 mg/kg) 10 min before being subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the bile flow were measured. Liver biopsies were taken 180 min after reperfusion for histology, caspase-3 immunohistochemistry, and ultrastructural examination of mitochondria.', 'In the pharmacologically preconditioned group, we observed increased bile flow (P < 0.01) and improved serum AST levels (P < 0.01) relative to the non-preconditioned group. Serum concentrations of TBARS did not differ between the groups. Sinusoidal congestion (P = 0.02) was more evident in the non-preconditioned group than in the sham operated group. Infiltrating PMNs (P = 0.01) were more evident in the non-preconditioned group than in the sham and pharmacologically preconditioned group. The pharmacologically preconditioned group showed an approximately 2.5-fold decrease in caspase-3 activity relative to the non-preconditioned group (P < 0.01). Notably, damage to the mitochondrial ultrastructure in the pharmacologically preconditioned group was reduced relative to the other groups (P < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alanine Transaminase', 'Animals', 'Arginine', 'Aspartate Aminotransferases', 'Caspase 3', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Ischemic Preconditioning', 'Liver', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Signal Transduction', 'Swine', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,715 | Is occult HBV infection in hemodialysis setting marked by presence of isolated antibodies to HBcAg and HCV? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are a matter of concern in hemodialysis units; occult HBV infections (serum HBsAg negative but HBV DNA positive) were demonstrated in this setting, and this involves further concerns regarding possible transmission and pathogenic consequences. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of occult HBV infection in a group of patients with reference to a single hemodialysis unit in southeastern Italy.",
"We analyzed HBV serology and DNA (using a qualitative nested PCR) in 128 HBsAg-negative hemodialysis patients, and correlated the results obtained, with sex, age, hemodialysis duration and HCV seropositivity.",
"As a whole, occult HBV infection was demonstrated in 34/128 patients (26.6%); HBV DNA detection was more frequent when anti-HBcAg antibodies were detected in isolation (72%) than when associated with anti-HBsAg antibodies (31%). Among HCV-seropositive patients, occult HBV infection was observed in 66%, and among these as many as 14/15 patients (93%) who were HCV+/anti-HBcAg+ had serum HBV DNA detectable. On multivariate analysis, HCV seropositivity and the presence of anti-HBs were still respectively correlated to the presence and absence of occult HBV infection."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"DNA, Viral",
"Female",
"Hepatitis B",
"Hepatitis B Antibodies",
"Hepatitis B Core Antigens",
"Hepatitis C Antibodies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Renal Dialysis"
]
} | Occult HBV infection is frequent among hemodialysis patients in our geographical area, particularly correlated to the presence of isolated anti-HBcAg and anti-HCV antibodies. Thus, the presence of isolated anti-HBcAg should prompt the clinician to evaluate a possible occult HBV infection especially if anti-HCV antibodies are also detectable; this condition, in fact, seems to strongly predict the detection of HBV DNA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is occult HBV infection in hemodialysis setting marked by presence of isolated antibodies to HBcAg and HCV?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are a matter of concern in hemodialysis units; occult HBV infections (serum HBsAg negative but HBV DNA positive) were demonstrated in this setting, and this involves further concerns regarding possible transmission and pathogenic consequences. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of occult HBV infection in a group of patients with reference to a single hemodialysis unit in southeastern Italy.', 'We analyzed HBV serology and DNA (using a qualitative nested PCR) in 128 HBsAg-negative hemodialysis patients, and correlated the results obtained, with sex, age, hemodialysis duration and HCV seropositivity.', 'As a whole, occult HBV infection was demonstrated in 34/128 patients (26.6%); HBV DNA detection was more frequent when anti-HBcAg antibodies were detected in isolation (72%) than when associated with anti-HBsAg antibodies (31%). Among HCV-seropositive patients, occult HBV infection was observed in 66%, and among these as many as 14/15 patients (93%) who were HCV+/anti-HBcAg+ had serum HBV DNA detectable. On multivariate analysis, HCV seropositivity and the presence of anti-HBs were still respectively correlated to the presence and absence of occult HBV infection.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'DNA, Viral', 'Female', 'Hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B Antibodies', 'Hepatitis B Core Antigens', 'Hepatitis C Antibodies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Renal Dialysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,716 | Is fractional urinary excretion of IgG the most powerful predictor of renoprotection by ACE inhibitors in IgA nephropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Several aspects of renoprotection by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are poorly defined: factors affecting responsiveness, role of proteinuria components and histological lesions, and criteria to identify patients who may benefit from ACEi.",
"In an observational study of 140 IgAN patients (follow up 62 +/- 36 months), 73 untreated and 67 ACEitreated for 53 +/- 28 months, 9 baseline risk factors (RFs) (blood pressure, serum creatinine, proteinuria/day, fractional excretion of IgG [FEIgG] and alpha1-microglobulin, global and segmental [SS] glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial damage and arteriolar hyalinosis [AH] score), each divided into 2 subgroups according to a cutoff with the highest sensitivity and specificity for progression, were evaluated for ability to predict renoprotection. Primary end point: end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and doubling of serum creatinine (sCr); secondary end point: increase >or=25% of sCr with last sCr >or=1.58 mg/dL; total progression: sum of end points.",
"Patients with RFs below cutoffs did not benefit from ACEi. All clinical and proteinuric and 2 histological RFs (SS, AH score) with values above cutoffs showed significant reduction of progression in ACEitreated vs. untreated patients; FEIgG showed the highest prediction of renoprotection: ESRD/sCrx2: 20% vs. 62% (p=0.0004); total progression: 40% vs. 85% (p=0.0003). By multivariate analysis, independent predictors of progression were FEIgG, sCr and no ACEi treatment. Proteinuria reduction from -100% to -30%, spontaneous or after ACEi treatment, did not affect progression in treated vs. untreated patients (19% vs. 13%, p=0.85). Patients with proteinuria increased or reduced <30% showed a reduction of total progression if ACEi-treated (15% vs. 77%, p=0.0002). Presence of 1 clinical or proteinuric RF above the cutoff may be a criterion to identify patients who may benefit from ACEi."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Biopsy",
"Child",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Glomerulonephritis, IGA",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Kidney",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Proteinuria",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Renoprotection by ACEi is a multifactorial phenomenon: the best predictor of renoprotection is FEIgG, a marker of disruption of glomerular barrier to proteins; renoprotection depends not only on ability to reduce proteinuria, but probably also on antiinflammatory and antifibrotic activity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is fractional urinary excretion of IgG the most powerful predictor of renoprotection by ACE inhibitors in IgA nephropathy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several aspects of renoprotection by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) are poorly defined: factors affecting responsiveness, role of proteinuria components and histological lesions, and criteria to identify patients who may benefit from ACEi.', 'In an observational study of 140 IgAN patients (follow up 62 +/- 36 months), 73 untreated and 67 ACEitreated for 53 +/- 28 months, 9 baseline risk factors (RFs) (blood pressure, serum creatinine, proteinuria/day, fractional excretion of IgG [FEIgG] and alpha1-microglobulin, global and segmental [SS] glomerular sclerosis, tubulointerstitial damage and arteriolar hyalinosis [AH] score), each divided into 2 subgroups according to a cutoff with the highest sensitivity and specificity for progression, were evaluated for ability to predict renoprotection. Primary end point: end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and doubling of serum creatinine (sCr); secondary end point: increase >or=25% of sCr with last sCr >or=1.58 mg/dL; total progression: sum of end points.', 'Patients with RFs below cutoffs did not benefit from ACEi. All clinical and proteinuric and 2 histological RFs (SS, AH score) with values above cutoffs showed significant reduction of progression in ACEitreated vs. untreated patients; FEIgG showed the highest prediction of renoprotection: ESRD/sCrx2: 20% vs. 62% (p=0.0004); total progression: 40% vs. 85% (p=0.0003). By multivariate analysis, independent predictors of progression were FEIgG, sCr and no ACEi treatment. Proteinuria reduction from -100% to -30%, spontaneous or after ACEi treatment, did not affect progression in treated vs. untreated patients (19% vs. 13%, p=0.85). Patients with proteinuria increased or reduced <30% showed a reduction of total progression if ACEi-treated (15% vs. 77%, p=0.0002). Presence of 1 clinical or proteinuric RF above the cutoff may be a criterion to identify patients who may benefit from ACEi.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Biopsy', 'Child', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Glomerulonephritis, IGA', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proteinuria', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,718 | Does bMP-7 counteract TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"A large proportion of interstitial fibroblasts actually originate from tubular epithelial cells via the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal fibrogenesis. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is capable of initiating and completing the entire EMT course. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily. Recent studies indicate that BMP-7 could reverse established renal fibrosis in mice, primarily through counteracting TGF-beta1-mediated EMT. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that BMP-7 functions by antagonizing profibrogenic events that are induced by TGF-beta1 in cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells.",
"Cultured HK-2 cells were treated with TGF-beta1 (3 ng/mL) or a combination of TGF-beta1 and BMP-7 (100-400 ng/mL) for 48 hours. Morphological changes were assessed by phase contrast microscopy. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), E-cadherin, fibronectin, collagen I and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was analyzed by immunofluorescence, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.",
"Incubation of HK-2 cells with 3 ng/mL TGF-beta1 for 48 hours induced EMT, in association with decreased E-cadherin expression, increased alpha-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I and CTGF expression, and loss of epithelial morphology. BMP-7 inhibited all these effects in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 200 ng/mL BMP-7 reversed TGF-beta1-induced EMT, in association with reexpression of endogenous E-cadherin."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actins",
"Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7",
"Cadherins",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Collagen Type I",
"Connective Tissue Growth Factor",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Fibronectins",
"Humans",
"Kidney Tubules, Proximal",
"Mesoderm",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta"
]
} | These data suggest that BMP-7 attenuates progressive loss of kidney function and renal fibrosis through counteracting TGF-beta1-mediated EMT. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does bMP-7 counteract TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A large proportion of interstitial fibroblasts actually originate from tubular epithelial cells via the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in renal fibrogenesis. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is capable of initiating and completing the entire EMT course. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily. Recent studies indicate that BMP-7 could reverse established renal fibrosis in mice, primarily through counteracting TGF-beta1-mediated EMT. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that BMP-7 functions by antagonizing profibrogenic events that are induced by TGF-beta1 in cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells.', 'Cultured HK-2 cells were treated with TGF-beta1 (3 ng/mL) or a combination of TGF-beta1 and BMP-7 (100-400 ng/mL) for 48 hours. Morphological changes were assessed by phase contrast microscopy. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), E-cadherin, fibronectin, collagen I and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was analyzed by immunofluorescence, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.', 'Incubation of HK-2 cells with 3 ng/mL TGF-beta1 for 48 hours induced EMT, in association with decreased E-cadherin expression, increased alpha-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I and CTGF expression, and loss of epithelial morphology. BMP-7 inhibited all these effects in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 200 ng/mL BMP-7 reversed TGF-beta1-induced EMT, in association with reexpression of endogenous E-cadherin.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Actins', 'Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7', 'Cadherins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen Type I', 'Connective Tissue Growth Factor', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Fibronectins', 'Humans', 'Kidney Tubules, Proximal', 'Mesoderm', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,907 | Does notch2 signaling promote biliary epithelial cell fate specification and tubulogenesis during bile duct development in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) development begins with the differentiation of hepatoblasts into a single continuous biliary epithelial cell (BEC) layer, called the ductal plate. During ductal plate remodeling, tubular structures arise at distinct sites of the ductal plate, forming bile ducts that dilate into the biliary tree. Alagille syndrome patients, who suffer from bile duct paucity, carry Jagged1 and Notch2 mutations, indicating that Notch2 signaling is important for IHBD development. To clarify the role of Notch2 in BEC differentiation, tubulogenesis, and BEC survival, we developed a mouse model for conditional expression of activated Notch2 in the liver. We show that expression of the intracellular domain of Notch2 (Notch2ICD) differentiates hepatoblasts into BECs, which form additional bile ducts in periportal regions and ectopic ducts in lobular regions. Additional ducts in periportal regions are maintained into adulthood and connect to the biliary tight junction network, resulting in an increased number of bile ducts per portal tract. Remarkably, Notch2ICD-expressing ductal plate remnants were not eliminated during postnatal development, implicating Notch2 signaling in BEC survival. Ectopic ducts in lobular regions did not persist into adulthood, indicating that local signals in the portal environment are important for maintaining bile ducts."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Mice",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Receptor, Notch2"
]
} | Notch2 signaling regulates BEC differentiation, the induction of tubulogenesis during IHBD development, and BEC survival. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does notch2 signaling promote biliary epithelial cell fate specification and tubulogenesis during bile duct development in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) development begins with the differentiation of hepatoblasts into a single continuous biliary epithelial cell (BEC) layer, called the ductal plate. During ductal plate remodeling, tubular structures arise at distinct sites of the ductal plate, forming bile ducts that dilate into the biliary tree. Alagille syndrome patients, who suffer from bile duct paucity, carry Jagged1 and Notch2 mutations, indicating that Notch2 signaling is important for IHBD development. To clarify the role of Notch2 in BEC differentiation, tubulogenesis, and BEC survival, we developed a mouse model for conditional expression of activated Notch2 in the liver. We show that expression of the intracellular domain of Notch2 (Notch2ICD) differentiates hepatoblasts into BECs, which form additional bile ducts in periportal regions and ectopic ducts in lobular regions. Additional ducts in periportal regions are maintained into adulthood and connect to the biliary tight junction network, resulting in an increased number of bile ducts per portal tract. Remarkably, Notch2ICD-expressing ductal plate remnants were not eliminated during postnatal development, implicating Notch2 signaling in BEC survival. Ectopic ducts in lobular regions did not persist into adulthood, indicating that local signals in the portal environment are important for maintaining bile ducts.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Receptor, Notch2']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,550,362 | Are cardiac repolarization and striatal dopamine transporter function interrelated? | {
"contexts": [
"In Parkinson's disease, striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and cardiac sympathetic function are disturbed. In addition, heart rate (HR)-corrected cardiac repolarisation time (QTc interval), which is partly under autonomic control, is prolonged. Whether there is physiological coupling between striatal DAT binding and QTc time (QTc-DAT relation) is not known. The purpose of this study is to evaluate QTc-DAT relation in healthy young adults.",
"Thirty-five participants (18 women, age 26.4+/-1.8 years; mean+/-SD) were studied with iodine-123 labelled 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane single photon emission tomography. Signal-averaged ECG was recorded at rest from each participant. QTc interval was computed with Bazett's correction and with the approach by Karjalainen, getting QTc and QTk intervals, respectively.",
"Mean striatal DAT binding, as (striatum-cerebellum)/cerebellum, was 2.63+/-0.31. Mean HR, QT, QTc and QTk intervals were 66+/-9 bpm, 340+/-25 ms, 354+/-18 ms and 351+/-16 ms, respectively. HR-QT correlation was -0.63, P value of less than 0.001. HR was not related to striatal DAT binding. QTc-DAT and QTk-DAT relations were significant, r = -0.50, P = 0.004 and r = -0.59, P = 0.0002, respectively. In linear regression model, striatal DAT binding explained 35% of the variance of QTk interval (95% confidence interval: -46.9 to -13.0, P = 0.0002)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins",
"Female",
"Heart",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Neostriatum"
]
} | This study suggests significant physiological QTc-DAT relation in young healthy adults. QTc interval measurements might carry diagnostically important information in clinical conditions, which have an effect on both striatal DAT binding and cardiac sympathetic function. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are cardiac repolarization and striatal dopamine transporter function interrelated?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"In Parkinson's disease, striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding and cardiac sympathetic function are disturbed. In addition, heart rate (HR)-corrected cardiac repolarisation time (QTc interval), which is partly under autonomic control, is prolonged. Whether there is physiological coupling between striatal DAT binding and QTc time (QTc-DAT relation) is not known. The purpose of this study is to evaluate QTc-DAT relation in healthy young adults.\", \"Thirty-five participants (18 women, age 26.4+/-1.8 years; mean+/-SD) were studied with iodine-123 labelled 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane single photon emission tomography. Signal-averaged ECG was recorded at rest from each participant. QTc interval was computed with Bazett's correction and with the approach by Karjalainen, getting QTc and QTk intervals, respectively.\", 'Mean striatal DAT binding, as (striatum-cerebellum)/cerebellum, was 2.63+/-0.31. Mean HR, QT, QTc and QTk intervals were 66+/-9 bpm, 340+/-25 ms, 354+/-18 ms and 351+/-16 ms, respectively. HR-QT correlation was -0.63, P value of less than 0.001. HR was not related to striatal DAT binding. QTc-DAT and QTk-DAT relations were significant, r = -0.50, P = 0.004 and r = -0.59, P = 0.0002, respectively. In linear regression model, striatal DAT binding explained 35% of the variance of QTk interval (95% confidence interval: -46.9 to -13.0, P = 0.0002).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Female', 'Heart', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neostriatum']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,559,171 | Does mild hyponatremia carry a poor prognosis in community subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyponatremia has been shown to predict adverse outcome in congestive heart failure and pneumonia among other common clinical entities, but its significance in the general population is elusive.",
"The population-based Copenhagen Holter Study included 671 men and women aged 55 to 75 years with no history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, or cancer. Baseline evaluation included 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring, blood tests, and a questionnaire. Hyponatremia was defined as s-Na < or = 134 mEq/L or s-Na < or = 137 mEq/L according to previously accepted definitions. An adverse outcome was defined as deaths or myocardial infarction. Median follow-up was 6.3 years.",
"Fourteen subjects (2.1%, group A) had s-Na < or = 134 mEq/L, and 62 subjects (9.2%, group B) had s-Na < or = 137 mEq/L. No subject had s-Na < 129 mEq/L. An adverse outcome occurred in 43% of group A, 27% of group B, and 14% of subjects with s-Na >137 mEq/L (controls) (P < .002). Adjusted hazard ratio for adverse outcome was 3.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-8.28, P < .005) in group A compared with controls and 2.21 (95% CI, 1.29-3.80, P < .005) in group B after controlling for age, gender, smoking, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. The hazard ratios were robust for additional adjusting for variables showing univariate association to hyponatremia (ie, beta-blocker and diuretic use, heart rate variability, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and NT-pro brain natriuretic peptide). By excluding diuretic users (18% of subjects), the adjusted hazard ratio for adverse outcome was 8.00 (95% CI, 3.04-21.0, P < .0001) in group A and 3.17 (95% CI, 1.76-5.72, P = .0001) in group B compared with controls."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Denmark",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyponatremia",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Prognosis"
]
} | Hyponatremia is an independent predictor of deaths and myocardial infarction in middle-aged and elderly community subjects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does mild hyponatremia carry a poor prognosis in community subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hyponatremia has been shown to predict adverse outcome in congestive heart failure and pneumonia among other common clinical entities, but its significance in the general population is elusive.', 'The population-based Copenhagen Holter Study included 671 men and women aged 55 to 75 years with no history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, or cancer. Baseline evaluation included 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring, blood tests, and a questionnaire. Hyponatremia was defined as s-Na < or = 134 mEq/L or s-Na < or = 137 mEq/L according to previously accepted definitions. An adverse outcome was defined as deaths or myocardial infarction. Median follow-up was 6.3 years.', 'Fourteen subjects (2.1%, group A) had s-Na < or = 134 mEq/L, and 62 subjects (9.2%, group B) had s-Na < or = 137 mEq/L. No subject had s-Na < 129 mEq/L. An adverse outcome occurred in 43% of group A, 27% of group B, and 14% of subjects with s-Na >137 mEq/L (controls) (P < .002). Adjusted hazard ratio for adverse outcome was 3.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-8.28, P < .005) in group A compared with controls and 2.21 (95% CI, 1.29-3.80, P < .005) in group B after controlling for age, gender, smoking, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. The hazard ratios were robust for additional adjusting for variables showing univariate association to hyponatremia (ie, beta-blocker and diuretic use, heart rate variability, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and NT-pro brain natriuretic peptide). By excluding diuretic users (18% of subjects), the adjusted hazard ratio for adverse outcome was 8.00 (95% CI, 3.04-21.0, P < .0001) in group A and 3.17 (95% CI, 1.76-5.72, P = .0001) in group B compared with controls.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyponatremia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Prognosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,211 | Do elevated serum uric acid concentrations independently predict cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"There is limited information on whether increased serum uric acid levels are independently associated with cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes. We assessed the predictive role of serum uric acid levels on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic individuals.",
"The cohort included 2,726 type 2 diabetic outpatients, who were followed for a mean period of 4.7 years. The independent association of serum uric acid levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was assessed by Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for conventional risk factors and several potential confounders.",
"During follow-up, 329 (12.1%) patients died, 44.1% (n = 145) of whom from cardiovascular causes. In univariate analysis, higher serum uric acid levels were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause (hazard ratio 19 [95% CI 1.12-1.27], P < 0.001) and cardiovascular (1.25 [1.16-1.34], P < 0.001) mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes duration, A1C, medication use (allopurinol or hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and antiplatelet drugs), estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria, the association of serum uric acid with cardiovascular mortality remained statistically significant (1.27 [1.01-1.61], P = 0.046), whereas the association of serum uric acid with all-cause mortality did not."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cohort Studies",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Humans",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Uric Acid"
]
} | Higher serum uric acid levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients, independent of several potential confounders, including renal function measures. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do elevated serum uric acid concentrations independently predict cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is limited information on whether increased serum uric acid levels are independently associated with cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes. We assessed the predictive role of serum uric acid levels on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic individuals.', 'The cohort included 2,726 type 2 diabetic outpatients, who were followed for a mean period of 4.7 years. The independent association of serum uric acid levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was assessed by Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for conventional risk factors and several potential confounders.', 'During follow-up, 329 (12.1%) patients died, 44.1% (n = 145) of whom from cardiovascular causes. In univariate analysis, higher serum uric acid levels were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause (hazard ratio 19 [95% CI 1.12-1.27], P < 0.001) and cardiovascular (1.25 [1.16-1.34], P < 0.001) mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes duration, A1C, medication use (allopurinol or hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and antiplatelet drugs), estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria, the association of serum uric acid with cardiovascular mortality remained statistically significant (1.27 [1.01-1.61], P = 0.046), whereas the association of serum uric acid with all-cause mortality did not.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cohort Studies', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Uric Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,555,796 | Does depression increase risk of incident myocardial infarction among Veterans Administration patients with rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"This study evaluates whether depression is a risk factor for incident myocardial infarction (MI) in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) between 30 and 79 years of age.",
"We used a retrospective cohort study of 15,634 patients with RA. Diagnoses and sociodemographic data were obtained from VA administrative and pharmacy databases between fiscal years 1999 and 2006. Entry into the cohort required 2 years of patient time with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. Cox proportional hazard models with time-dependent covariates were computed to determine whether RA patients with depression as compared to RA patients without depression were at increased risk for MI during the maximum 6-year follow-up period.",
"Unadjusted analyses indicated depressed RA patients were 1.4 times more likely than nondepressed RA patients to have an MI during follow-up. These results remained significant (HR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8) in the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model which included the effects of sociodemographics and known physical risks (e.g., diabetes) for MI."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Comorbidity",
"Depressive Disorder",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Inflammation",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Population Surveillance",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"United States",
"United States Department of Veterans Affairs",
"Veterans"
]
} | Depressed RA patients, without a history of cardiovascular disease, are 40% more likely to have a heart attack as compared to those without depression. These data demonstrate a rapid (within 6 years) transition to MI following onset of depression in RA patients. Increased monitoring of depression and heart disease status in this patient population may be warranted which in turn may result in longer duration of life. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does depression increase risk of incident myocardial infarction among Veterans Administration patients with rheumatoid arthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study evaluates whether depression is a risk factor for incident myocardial infarction (MI) in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) between 30 and 79 years of age.', 'We used a retrospective cohort study of 15,634 patients with RA. Diagnoses and sociodemographic data were obtained from VA administrative and pharmacy databases between fiscal years 1999 and 2006. Entry into the cohort required 2 years of patient time with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. Cox proportional hazard models with time-dependent covariates were computed to determine whether RA patients with depression as compared to RA patients without depression were at increased risk for MI during the maximum 6-year follow-up period.', 'Unadjusted analyses indicated depressed RA patients were 1.4 times more likely than nondepressed RA patients to have an MI during follow-up. These results remained significant (HR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8) in the adjusted Cox proportional hazards model which included the effects of sociodemographics and known physical risks (e.g., diabetes) for MI.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Comorbidity', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Population Surveillance', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'United States', 'United States Department of Veterans Affairs', 'Veterans']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,562,776 | Is a comprehensive geriatric assessment more effective than clinical judgment to identify elderly diffuse large cell lymphoma patients who benefit from aggressive therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors set out to analyze if a simple comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) could objectively identify elderly patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) who can be effectively treated with anthracycline-containing immunochemotherapy.",
"CGA was performed in 84 consecutive patients with DLCL aged >65 years and diagnosed at a single institution. Treatment with curative versus palliative intent was chosen according to clinical judgment. Cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin (vincristine), and prednisone (CHOP) or CHOP-like regimens were given to 62 (74%) patients. The outcome of patients was analyzed according to both the treatment received and the results of CGA.",
"According to CGA, 42 (50%) patients were classified as \"fit.\" They were younger (P < .0001) and had less frequent systemic symptoms (P = .03). These patients received curative treatment by clinical judgment. Their response rate (92.5% vs 48.8%; P < .0001) and median survival (not reached vs 8 months; P < .0001) were significantly better than those of 42 patients considered \"unfit\" by CGA. Among unfit patients, 20 had actually received curative and 22 palliative therapy. These subgroups did not differ in any geriatric or lymphoma-related characteristic. Their outcome was similar irrespectively of the type of treatment received (median survival, 8 vs 7 months; P = nonsignificant). Lymphoma rather than toxicity was the main cause of failure/death also among unfit patients treated aggressively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived",
"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols",
"Cyclophosphamide",
"Decision Making",
"Doxorubicin",
"Female",
"Geriatric Assessment",
"Humans",
"Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse",
"Male",
"Palliative Care",
"Prednisone",
"Prognosis",
"Rituximab",
"Survival Analysis",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Vincristine"
]
} | CGA is an efficient method to identify elderly DLCL patients who can benefit from a curative approach with anthracycline-containing immunochemotherapy. Further study is needed to discern why unfit patients seem to have poor outcomes because of poor tolerance but also because of lymphoma refractoriness to intensive therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a comprehensive geriatric assessment more effective than clinical judgment to identify elderly diffuse large cell lymphoma patients who benefit from aggressive therapy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The authors set out to analyze if a simple comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) could objectively identify elderly patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) who can be effectively treated with anthracycline-containing immunochemotherapy.', 'CGA was performed in 84 consecutive patients with DLCL aged >65 years and diagnosed at a single institution. Treatment with curative versus palliative intent was chosen according to clinical judgment. Cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, Oncovin (vincristine), and prednisone (CHOP) or CHOP-like regimens were given to 62 (74%) patients. The outcome of patients was analyzed according to both the treatment received and the results of CGA.', 'According to CGA, 42 (50%) patients were classified as \"fit.\" They were younger (P < .0001) and had less frequent systemic symptoms (P = .03). These patients received curative treatment by clinical judgment. Their response rate (92.5% vs 48.8%; P < .0001) and median survival (not reached vs 8 months; P < .0001) were significantly better than those of 42 patients considered \"unfit\" by CGA. Among unfit patients, 20 had actually received curative and 22 palliative therapy. These subgroups did not differ in any geriatric or lymphoma-related characteristic. Their outcome was similar irrespectively of the type of treatment received (median survival, 8 vs 7 months; P = nonsignificant). Lymphoma rather than toxicity was the main cause of failure/death also among unfit patients treated aggressively.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cyclophosphamide', 'Decision Making', 'Doxorubicin', 'Female', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Humans', 'Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse', 'Male', 'Palliative Care', 'Prednisone', 'Prognosis', 'Rituximab', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vincristine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,904 | Are intensive peri-operative use of factor VIII and the Arg593 -- > Cys mutation risk factors for inhibitor development in mild/moderate hemophilia A? | {
"contexts": [
"A severe and challenging complication in the treatment of hemophilia A is the development of inhibiting antibodies (inhibitors) directed towards factor VIII (FVIII). Inhibitors aggravate bleeding complications, disabilities and costs. The etiology of inhibitor development is incompletely understood.",
"In a large cohort study in patients with mild/moderate hemophilia A we evaluated the role of genotype and intensive FVIII exposure in inhibitor development.",
"Longitudinal clinical data from 138 mild/moderate hemophilia A patients were retrospectively collected from 1 January 1980 to 1 January 2008 and analyzed by multivariate analysis using Poisson regression.",
"Genotyping demonstrated the Arg593Cys missense mutation in 52 (38%) patients; the remaining 86 patients had 26 other missense mutations. Sixty-three (46%) patients received intensive FVIII concentrate administration, 41 of them for surgery. Ten patients (7%) developed inhibitors, eight of them carrying the Arg593Cys mutation. Compared with the other patients, those with the Arg593Cys mutation had a 10-fold increased risk of developing inhibitors (RR 10; 95% CI, 0.9-119).The other two inhibitor patients had the newly detected mutations Pro1761Gln and Glu2228Asp. In both these patients and in five patients with genotype Arg593Cys, inhibitors developed after intensive peri-operative use of FVIII concentrate (RR 186; 95% CI, 25-1403). In five of the 10 inhibitor patients FVIII was administered by continuous infusion during surgery (RR 13; 95% CI, 1.9-86)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Arginine",
"Autoantibodies",
"Cysteine",
"Factor VIII",
"Hemophilia A",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Perioperative Care",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The Arg593Cys genotype and intensive peri-operative use of FVIII, especially when administered by continuous infusion, are associated with an increased risk for inhibitor development in mild/moderate hemophilia A. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are intensive peri-operative use of factor VIII and the Arg593 -- > Cys mutation risk factors for inhibitor development in mild/moderate hemophilia A?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A severe and challenging complication in the treatment of hemophilia A is the development of inhibiting antibodies (inhibitors) directed towards factor VIII (FVIII). Inhibitors aggravate bleeding complications, disabilities and costs. The etiology of inhibitor development is incompletely understood.', 'In a large cohort study in patients with mild/moderate hemophilia A we evaluated the role of genotype and intensive FVIII exposure in inhibitor development.', 'Longitudinal clinical data from 138 mild/moderate hemophilia A patients were retrospectively collected from 1 January 1980 to 1 January 2008 and analyzed by multivariate analysis using Poisson regression.', 'Genotyping demonstrated the Arg593Cys missense mutation in 52 (38%) patients; the remaining 86 patients had 26 other missense mutations. Sixty-three (46%) patients received intensive FVIII concentrate administration, 41 of them for surgery. Ten patients (7%) developed inhibitors, eight of them carrying the Arg593Cys mutation. Compared with the other patients, those with the Arg593Cys mutation had a 10-fold increased risk of developing inhibitors (RR 10; 95% CI, 0.9-119).The other two inhibitor patients had the newly detected mutations Pro1761Gln and Glu2228Asp. In both these patients and in five patients with genotype Arg593Cys, inhibitors developed after intensive peri-operative use of FVIII concentrate (RR 186; 95% CI, 25-1403). In five of the 10 inhibitor patients FVIII was administered by continuous infusion during surgery (RR 13; 95% CI, 1.9-86).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Arginine', 'Autoantibodies', 'Cysteine', 'Factor VIII', 'Hemophilia A', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Perioperative Care', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,909 | Does differential stimulation of monocytic cells result in distinct populations of microparticles? | {
"contexts": [
"Microparticles (MPs), small vesicles shed from stimulated cells, permit cross-talk between cells within a particular environment. Their composition is thought to reflect their cell of origin, and differs according to whether they are produced by stimulation or by apoptosis. Whether MP properties vary according to stimulus is not yet known.",
"We studied the characteristics of MPs produced from monocytic THP-1 cells upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or a soluble P-selectin chimera, using proteomics, flow cytometry, western blotting, and electron microscopy.",
"Utilizing a novel criterion of calcein-AM staining to define MPs, we found that MP populations were similar with respect to size, presence and organization of cytoskeleton, and expression of certain antigens. The MPs shared the same level of procoagulant activity. We found that MPs also have distinct characteristics, depending on stimuli. These include differences in phosphatidylserine expression and expression of proteins from specific subcellular locations such as the mitochondria, and of unique antigens such as leukocyte-associated immunoglobin-like-receptor (LAIR)-1, which was found only upon stimulation with the soluble P-selectin chimera."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Line",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Microscopy, Electron",
"Monocytes",
"Particle Size",
"Proteomics"
]
} | We found that the properties of MPs depend on the stimulus that produced them. This supports the concept that monocytic MPs differentially modulate thrombosis, inflammation and immune regulation according to stimulus. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does differential stimulation of monocytic cells result in distinct populations of microparticles?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Microparticles (MPs), small vesicles shed from stimulated cells, permit cross-talk between cells within a particular environment. Their composition is thought to reflect their cell of origin, and differs according to whether they are produced by stimulation or by apoptosis. Whether MP properties vary according to stimulus is not yet known.', 'We studied the characteristics of MPs produced from monocytic THP-1 cells upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or a soluble P-selectin chimera, using proteomics, flow cytometry, western blotting, and electron microscopy.', 'Utilizing a novel criterion of calcein-AM staining to define MPs, we found that MP populations were similar with respect to size, presence and organization of cytoskeleton, and expression of certain antigens. The MPs shared the same level of procoagulant activity. We found that MPs also have distinct characteristics, depending on stimuli. These include differences in phosphatidylserine expression and expression of proteins from specific subcellular locations such as the mitochondria, and of unique antigens such as leukocyte-associated immunoglobin-like-receptor (LAIR)-1, which was found only upon stimulation with the soluble P-selectin chimera.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Monocytes', 'Particle Size', 'Proteomics']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,918 | Do dopamine transporters in striatum correlate with deactivation in the default mode network during visuospatial attention? | {
"contexts": [
"Dopamine and dopamine transporters (DAT, which regulate extracellular dopamine in the brain) are implicated in the modulation of attention but their specific roles are not well understood. Here we hypothesized that dopamine modulates attention by facilitation of brain deactivation in the default mode network (DMN). Thus, higher striatal DAT levels, which would result in an enhanced clearance of dopamine and hence weaker dopamine signals, would be associated to lower deactivation in the DMN during an attention task.",
"For this purpose we assessed the relationship between DAT in striatum (measured with positron emission tomography and [(11)C]cocaine used as DAT radiotracer) and brain activation and deactivation during a parametric visual attention task (measured with blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging) in healthy controls. We show that DAT availability in caudate and putamen had a negative correlation with deactivation in ventral parietal regions of the DMN (precuneus, BA 7) and a positive correlation with deactivation in a small region in the ventral anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 24/32). With increasing attentional load, DAT in caudate showed a negative correlation with load-related deactivation increases in precuneus."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Attention",
"Brain",
"Brain Mapping",
"Carbon Radioisotopes",
"Cocaine",
"Corpus Striatum",
"Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins",
"Humans",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Models, Biological",
"Positron-Emission Tomography",
"Vision, Ocular"
]
} | These findings provide evidence that dopamine transporters modulate neural activity in the DMN and anterior cingulate gyrus during visuospatial attention. Our findings suggest that dopamine modulates attention in part by regulating neuronal activity in posterior parietal cortex including precuneus (region involved in alertness) and cingulate gyrus (region deactivated in proportion to emotional interference). These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of stimulant medications (increase dopamine by blocking DAT) in inattention reflect in part their ability to facilitate the deactivation of the DMN. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do dopamine transporters in striatum correlate with deactivation in the default mode network during visuospatial attention?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dopamine and dopamine transporters (DAT, which regulate extracellular dopamine in the brain) are implicated in the modulation of attention but their specific roles are not well understood. Here we hypothesized that dopamine modulates attention by facilitation of brain deactivation in the default mode network (DMN). Thus, higher striatal DAT levels, which would result in an enhanced clearance of dopamine and hence weaker dopamine signals, would be associated to lower deactivation in the DMN during an attention task.', 'For this purpose we assessed the relationship between DAT in striatum (measured with positron emission tomography and [(11)C]cocaine used as DAT radiotracer) and brain activation and deactivation during a parametric visual attention task (measured with blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging) in healthy controls. We show that DAT availability in caudate and putamen had a negative correlation with deactivation in ventral parietal regions of the DMN (precuneus, BA 7) and a positive correlation with deactivation in a small region in the ventral anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 24/32). With increasing attentional load, DAT in caudate showed a negative correlation with load-related deactivation increases in precuneus.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Attention', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Carbon Radioisotopes', 'Cocaine', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Positron-Emission Tomography', 'Vision, Ocular']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,555,618 | Does head and neck cooling after cardiac arrest result in lower jugular bulb than esophageal temperature? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether during the initial phase of head and neck cooling, jugular bulb temperature (Tjb; which may reflect brain temperature) is lower than esophageal temperature (Tes).",
"To compare Tes and Tjb, patients received head or head and neck cooling after cardiac arrest.",
"The first series with head cooling (n = 5; mean age 54 with a range of 41-62 years; 1 female and 4 males; mean body weight 80 kg with a range of 70-85 kg) showed a mean difference of 0.22 degrees C (95% CI, -1.14 to 0.70; P = .55; limits of agreement, -3.17 to 2.73) between Tes and Tjb over 12 hours. For the second series, with head and neck cooling (n = 6, mean age 65 with a range of 56-76 years; 3 females and 3 males; mean body weight 75 kg with a range of 65-91 kg), Tjb was lower than Tes with a difference of 0.60 degrees C (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.99; P = .01; limits of agreement, -3.10 to 4.30). During the first 3 hours, Tjb decreased faster than Tes (1.1 degrees C/h [95% CI, 0.4 to 1.8; P < .01])."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Body Temperature",
"Brain",
"Esophagus",
"Female",
"Head",
"Heart Arrest",
"Humans",
"Hypothermia, Induced",
"Jugular Veins",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Monitoring, Physiologic",
"Neck",
"Tympanic Membrane"
]
} | During the initial phase of therapeutic hypothermia, Tjb seems to be lower than Tes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does head and neck cooling after cardiac arrest result in lower jugular bulb than esophageal temperature?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether during the initial phase of head and neck cooling, jugular bulb temperature (Tjb; which may reflect brain temperature) is lower than esophageal temperature (Tes).', 'To compare Tes and Tjb, patients received head or head and neck cooling after cardiac arrest.', 'The first series with head cooling (n = 5; mean age 54 with a range of 41-62 years; 1 female and 4 males; mean body weight 80 kg with a range of 70-85 kg) showed a mean difference of 0.22 degrees C (95% CI, -1.14 to 0.70; P = .55; limits of agreement, -3.17 to 2.73) between Tes and Tjb over 12 hours. For the second series, with head and neck cooling (n = 6, mean age 65 with a range of 56-76 years; 3 females and 3 males; mean body weight 75 kg with a range of 65-91 kg), Tjb was lower than Tes with a difference of 0.60 degrees C (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.99; P = .01; limits of agreement, -3.10 to 4.30). During the first 3 hours, Tjb decreased faster than Tes (1.1 degrees C/h [95% CI, 0.4 to 1.8; P < .01]).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Body Temperature', 'Brain', 'Esophagus', 'Female', 'Head', 'Heart Arrest', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Jugular Veins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Neck', 'Tympanic Membrane']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,555,610 | Does prolonged TASER use on exhausted humans worsen markers of acidosis? | {
"contexts": [
"There are safety concerns about TASER conducted electrical weapon (CEW) use on humans, and there have been media reports of adverse human outcomes after CEW exposure. Conducted electrical weapons are often used on physically exhausted subjects. A single CEW application of a CEW is generally accepted to be 5 seconds of exposure. Some exposures in reality involve more than 5 seconds. We sought to determine if a prolonged (15 seconds) CEW exposure on exhausted humans caused acidosis, hyperkalemia, serum lactate change, or troponin change.",
"This was a prospective study of generally healthy human volunteers. Medical histories and baseline serum values were obtained, and several of the volunteers did have acute or chronic medical problems. Subjects underwent an exercise protocol until subjective exhaustion. Exhaustion was defined by the volunteer no longer being able to perform the exercise at a given pace. Blood was drawn immediately (defined as within 20 seconds) after exercise and was immediately followed by a 15-second CEW exposure. Blood was drawn immediately after exposure and again at 16 to 24 hours after exposure. Blood was analyzed for pH, pco(2), potassium, lactate, and troponin. Data were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests.",
"There were 38 subjects enrolled with an average age of 39 years. The following health conditions were reported among the volunteers: hypertension (2), gastritis/reflux (2), active respiratory tract infections (3), asthma (2), chronic muscular pain conditions (4), pituitary adenoma (1) and glaucoma (1). Sixteen volunteers reported use of prescription medication at the time of their participation. The median initial pH of 7.38 (interquartile range [IQR], 7.35-7.40) decreased to 7.23 (IQR, 7.19-7.31) immediately after exercise. Immediately after exposure, median pH was 7.22 (IQR, 7.18-7.25). It was 7.39 (IQR, 7.37-7.43) at 24 hours. The pCO2 increased from 46.3 (IQR, 43.0-54.5) to 57.4 (IQR, 49.9-67.7) immediately after exercise, decreased to 51.3 (IQR, 44.4-65.0) immediately after exposure, and was 46.3 (IQR, 42.7-51.7) at 24 hours. Lactate increased from a median of 1.65 (IQR, 1.14-2.55) to 8.39 (IQR, 6.98-11.66) immediately after exercise, increased to 9.85 (IQR, 7.70-12.87) immediately after exposure, and was 1.02 (IQR, 0.91-1.57) at 24 hours. Serum potassium increased from 3.9 (IQR, 3.8-4.4) to 4.2 (IQR, 4.0-4.9) immediately after exercise, decreased to 3.8 (IQR, 3.7-4.4) immediately after exposure, and was 4.1 (IQR, 3.9-4.6) at 24 hours. No troponin elevations were detected."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acidosis",
"Adult",
"Biomarkers",
"Electric Injuries",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Electroshock",
"Fatigue",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyperkalemia",
"Lactic Acid",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Safety",
"Troponin",
"Weapons"
]
} | Prolonged CEW application on exhausted humans was not associated with worsening change in pH or troponin. Decreases in pCO2 and potassium and a small increase in lactate were found. Worsening acidosis theories due to CEW use in this population are not supported by these data. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does prolonged TASER use on exhausted humans worsen markers of acidosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There are safety concerns about TASER conducted electrical weapon (CEW) use on humans, and there have been media reports of adverse human outcomes after CEW exposure. Conducted electrical weapons are often used on physically exhausted subjects. A single CEW application of a CEW is generally accepted to be 5 seconds of exposure. Some exposures in reality involve more than 5 seconds. We sought to determine if a prolonged (15 seconds) CEW exposure on exhausted humans caused acidosis, hyperkalemia, serum lactate change, or troponin change.', 'This was a prospective study of generally healthy human volunteers. Medical histories and baseline serum values were obtained, and several of the volunteers did have acute or chronic medical problems. Subjects underwent an exercise protocol until subjective exhaustion. Exhaustion was defined by the volunteer no longer being able to perform the exercise at a given pace. Blood was drawn immediately (defined as within 20 seconds) after exercise and was immediately followed by a 15-second CEW exposure. Blood was drawn immediately after exposure and again at 16 to 24 hours after exposure. Blood was analyzed for pH, pco(2), potassium, lactate, and troponin. Data were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests.', 'There were 38 subjects enrolled with an average age of 39 years. The following health conditions were reported among the volunteers: hypertension (2), gastritis/reflux (2), active respiratory tract infections (3), asthma (2), chronic muscular pain conditions (4), pituitary adenoma (1) and glaucoma (1). Sixteen volunteers reported use of prescription medication at the time of their participation. The median initial pH of 7.38 (interquartile range [IQR], 7.35-7.40) decreased to 7.23 (IQR, 7.19-7.31) immediately after exercise. Immediately after exposure, median pH was 7.22 (IQR, 7.18-7.25). It was 7.39 (IQR, 7.37-7.43) at 24 hours. The pCO2 increased from 46.3 (IQR, 43.0-54.5) to 57.4 (IQR, 49.9-67.7) immediately after exercise, decreased to 51.3 (IQR, 44.4-65.0) immediately after exposure, and was 46.3 (IQR, 42.7-51.7) at 24 hours. Lactate increased from a median of 1.65 (IQR, 1.14-2.55) to 8.39 (IQR, 6.98-11.66) immediately after exercise, increased to 9.85 (IQR, 7.70-12.87) immediately after exposure, and was 1.02 (IQR, 0.91-1.57) at 24 hours. Serum potassium increased from 3.9 (IQR, 3.8-4.4) to 4.2 (IQR, 4.0-4.9) immediately after exercise, decreased to 3.8 (IQR, 3.7-4.4) immediately after exposure, and was 4.1 (IQR, 3.9-4.6) at 24 hours. No troponin elevations were detected.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acidosis', 'Adult', 'Biomarkers', 'Electric Injuries', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electroshock', 'Fatigue', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyperkalemia', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Safety', 'Troponin', 'Weapons']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,549,714 | Is insulin granule recruitment and exocytosis dependent on p110gamma in insulinoma and human beta-cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI3K) has a long-recognized role in beta-cell mass regulation and gene transcription and is implicated in the modulation of insulin secretion. The role of nontyrosine kinase receptor-activated PI3K isoforms is largely unexplored. We therefore investigated the role of the G-protein-coupled PI3Kgamma and its catalytic subunit p110gamma in the regulation of insulin granule recruitment and exocytosis.",
"The expression of p110gamma was knocked down by small-interfering RNA, and p110gamma activity was selectively inhibited with AS605240 (40 nmol/l). Exocytosis and granule recruitment was monitored by islet perifusion, whole-cell capacitance, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy in INS-1 and human beta-cells. Cortical F-actin was examined in INS-1 cells and human islets and in mouse beta-cells lacking the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN).",
"Knockdown or inhibition of p110gamma markedly blunted depolarization-induced insulin secretion and exocytosis and ablated the exocytotic response to direct Ca(2+) infusion. This resulted from reduced granule localization to the plasma membrane and was associated with increased cortical F-actin. Inhibition of p110gamma had no effect on F-actin in beta-cells lacking PTEN. Finally, the effect of p110gamma inhibition on granule localization and exocytosis could be rapidly reversed by agents that promote actin depolymerization."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actins",
"Animals",
"Calcium Channels",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase",
"Exocytosis",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Insulin-Secreting Cells",
"Insulinoma",
"Isoenzymes",
"Membrane Potentials",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Mutant Strains",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Patch-Clamp Techniques",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Quinoxalines",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Secretory Vesicles",
"Thiazolidinediones"
]
} | The G-protein-coupled PI3Kgamma is an important determinant of secretory granule trafficking to the plasma membrane, at least in part through the negative regulation of cortical F-actin. Thus, p110gamma activity plays an important role in maintaining a membrane-docked, readily releasable pool of secretory granules in insulinoma and human beta-cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is insulin granule recruitment and exocytosis dependent on p110gamma in insulinoma and human beta-cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI3K) has a long-recognized role in beta-cell mass regulation and gene transcription and is implicated in the modulation of insulin secretion. The role of nontyrosine kinase receptor-activated PI3K isoforms is largely unexplored. We therefore investigated the role of the G-protein-coupled PI3Kgamma and its catalytic subunit p110gamma in the regulation of insulin granule recruitment and exocytosis.', 'The expression of p110gamma was knocked down by small-interfering RNA, and p110gamma activity was selectively inhibited with AS605240 (40 nmol/l). Exocytosis and granule recruitment was monitored by islet perifusion, whole-cell capacitance, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy in INS-1 and human beta-cells. Cortical F-actin was examined in INS-1 cells and human islets and in mouse beta-cells lacking the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN).', 'Knockdown or inhibition of p110gamma markedly blunted depolarization-induced insulin secretion and exocytosis and ablated the exocytotic response to direct Ca(2+) infusion. This resulted from reduced granule localization to the plasma membrane and was associated with increased cortical F-actin. Inhibition of p110gamma had no effect on F-actin in beta-cells lacking PTEN. Finally, the effect of p110gamma inhibition on granule localization and exocytosis could be rapidly reversed by agents that promote actin depolymerization.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Actins', 'Animals', 'Calcium Channels', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase', 'Exocytosis', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Insulin-Secreting Cells', 'Insulinoma', 'Isoenzymes', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Quinoxalines', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Secretory Vesicles', 'Thiazolidinediones']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,567,162 | Is elevated plasma apolipoprotein AV in acute coronary syndrome positively correlated with triglyceride and C-reactive protein? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased triglyceride (TG) occurs in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and apolipoprotein AV (apoAV) has been shown to lower TG levels. In the present study, we investigated plasma apoAV level and its relationship with TG and C-reactive protein (CRP) in ACS patients.",
"A total of 459 subjects were recruited and categorized into control group (n = 116), stable angina (SA) group (n = 115), unstable angina group (n = 116) and acute myocardial infarction group (n = 112). Plasma apoAV level was measured by a sandwich ELISA assay.",
"Compared with controls ((100.27 +/- 22.44) ng/ml), plasma apoAV was decreased in SA patients ((76.54 +/- 16.91) ng/ml) but increased in patients with unstable angina ((330.89 +/- 66.48) ng/ml, P < 0.05) or acute myocardial infarction ((368.66 +/- 60.53) ng/ml, P < 0.05). Inverse correlations between apoAV and TG were observed in the control or stable angina groups (r = -0.573 or -0.603, respectively, P < 0.001), whereas positive correlations were observed in the patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction (r = 0.696 or 0.690, respectively, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a positive relationship between apoAV and CRP was observed in the ACS patients but not in the non-ACS subjects."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Coronary Syndrome",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Apolipoprotein A-V",
"Apolipoproteins A",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | The plasma apoAV concentration is increased and positively correlates with TG and CRP in ACS patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is elevated plasma apolipoprotein AV in acute coronary syndrome positively correlated with triglyceride and C-reactive protein?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Increased triglyceride (TG) occurs in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and apolipoprotein AV (apoAV) has been shown to lower TG levels. In the present study, we investigated plasma apoAV level and its relationship with TG and C-reactive protein (CRP) in ACS patients.', 'A total of 459 subjects were recruited and categorized into control group (n = 116), stable angina (SA) group (n = 115), unstable angina group (n = 116) and acute myocardial infarction group (n = 112). Plasma apoAV level was measured by a sandwich ELISA assay.', 'Compared with controls ((100.27 +/- 22.44) ng/ml), plasma apoAV was decreased in SA patients ((76.54 +/- 16.91) ng/ml) but increased in patients with unstable angina ((330.89 +/- 66.48) ng/ml, P < 0.05) or acute myocardial infarction ((368.66 +/- 60.53) ng/ml, P < 0.05). Inverse correlations between apoAV and TG were observed in the control or stable angina groups (r = -0.573 or -0.603, respectively, P < 0.001), whereas positive correlations were observed in the patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction (r = 0.696 or 0.690, respectively, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a positive relationship between apoAV and CRP was observed in the ACS patients but not in the non-ACS subjects.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Apolipoprotein A-V', 'Apolipoproteins A', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,368 | Does expression of p-AKT characterize adenoid cystic carcinomas of head and neck with a higher risk for tumor relapses? | {
"contexts": [
"Adenoid cystic carcinomas are rare tumors with an indolent clinical course, but frequent local relapses. The identification of tumors with a higher relapse risk seems to be interesting. Hence we investigated parameters of glucose metabolism, which were found associated with poor prognosis in other malignancies.",
"Specimen of 29 patients were investigated immunohistochemically with antibodies against p-AKT, TKTL-1 (transketolase-like 1), M2PK (M2 pyruvate kinase), and GLUT-1. Proliferation was investigated by staining with Ki67. The tumors were located at the major or minor salivary glands. Only the typical cribriform subtype was investigated. The initial tumor stage was pT1 or pT2.",
"Expression of p-AKT was significantly (P = 0.036) associated with a higher relapse risk in multivariate analysis. Low expression of M2PK was non-significantly (P = 0.065) predictive for a higher risk. TKTL-1 and GLUT-1 were expressed in the majority of cases, albeit not associated with relapse risk."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Adenoid cystic carcinomas positive for p-AKT show a higher relapse risk. However, other parameters of glucose metabolism investigated here or proliferation (Ki67) were not predictive in this entity. Our findings demonstrate a possible background for therapeutic approaches targeting the inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does expression of p-AKT characterize adenoid cystic carcinomas of head and neck with a higher risk for tumor relapses?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Adenoid cystic carcinomas are rare tumors with an indolent clinical course, but frequent local relapses. The identification of tumors with a higher relapse risk seems to be interesting. Hence we investigated parameters of glucose metabolism, which were found associated with poor prognosis in other malignancies.', 'Specimen of 29 patients were investigated immunohistochemically with antibodies against p-AKT, TKTL-1 (transketolase-like 1), M2PK (M2 pyruvate kinase), and GLUT-1. Proliferation was investigated by staining with Ki67. The tumors were located at the major or minor salivary glands. Only the typical cribriform subtype was investigated. The initial tumor stage was pT1 or pT2.', 'Expression of p-AKT was significantly (P = 0.036) associated with a higher relapse risk in multivariate analysis. Low expression of M2PK was non-significantly (P = 0.065) predictive for a higher risk. TKTL-1 and GLUT-1 were expressed in the majority of cases, albeit not associated with relapse risk.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,362 | Is human rights of persons with mental illness in Indonesia : more than legislation needed? | {
"contexts": [
"Although attention to human rights in Indonesia has been improving over the past decade, the human rights situation of persons with mental disorders is still far from satisfactory. The purpose of this paper is to examine the legal framework for protection of human rights of persons with mental disorder and the extent to which Indonesia's international obligations concerning the right to health are being met.",
"We examined the Indonesian constitution, Indonesian laws relevant to the right to health, the structure and operation of the National Human Rights Commission, and what is known about violations of the human rights of persons with mental illness from research and the media.",
"The focus of the Indonesian Constitution on rights pre-dated the Universal Declaration, Indonesia has ratified relevant international covenants and domestic law provides an adequate legal framework for human rights protections. However, human rights abuses persist, are widespread, and go essentially unremarked and unchallenged. The National Human Rights Commission has only recently become engaged in the issue of protection of the rights of persons with mental illness."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | More than legislation is needed to protect the human rights of persons with mental illness. Improving the human rights situation for persons with mental illness in Indonesia will require action by governments at national, provincial and district levels, substantial increases in the level of investment in mental health services, coordinated action by mental health professionals and consumer and career organisations, and a central role for the National Human Rights Commission in protecting the rights of persons with mental illness. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is human rights of persons with mental illness in Indonesia : more than legislation needed?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Although attention to human rights in Indonesia has been improving over the past decade, the human rights situation of persons with mental disorders is still far from satisfactory. The purpose of this paper is to examine the legal framework for protection of human rights of persons with mental disorder and the extent to which Indonesia's international obligations concerning the right to health are being met.\", 'We examined the Indonesian constitution, Indonesian laws relevant to the right to health, the structure and operation of the National Human Rights Commission, and what is known about violations of the human rights of persons with mental illness from research and the media.', 'The focus of the Indonesian Constitution on rights pre-dated the Universal Declaration, Indonesia has ratified relevant international covenants and domestic law provides an adequate legal framework for human rights protections. However, human rights abuses persist, are widespread, and go essentially unremarked and unchallenged. The National Human Rights Commission has only recently become engaged in the issue of protection of the rights of persons with mental illness.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,544,357 | Is a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 ( ADAM12 ) a prognostic factor in resected pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"A disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) has multiple domains and functions, and it plays important roles in the development of cancer. We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether the expression of the membrane type of ADAM12 (ADAM12-L) could be a prognostic factor in resected pathological (p-) stage I lung adenocarcinoma.",
"ADAM12-L mRNA expression was quantified by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in tissue samples from 84 completely resected p-stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients. The patients were divided into ADAM12-L-Low and ADAM12-L-High groups, and correlations with clinicopathologic features were obtained.",
"Five-year survival rates of the ADAM12-L-Low and ADAM12-L-High groups were 95.1% and 71.9%, respectively. The postoperative prognosis for the ADAM12-L-High group was significantly poorer than for the ADAM12-L-Low group (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis confirmed that high expression of ADAM12-L was an independent factor for poor prognosis (P = 0.007, hazard ratio 8.288). The ADAM12-L-High group was less differentiated and had a significantly higher rate of cancer recurrence."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"ADAM Proteins",
"ADAM12 Protein",
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Disintegrins",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Prognosis",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | ADAM12-L mRNA expression is an independent prognostic factor in resected p-stage I lung adenocarcinoma, and is significantly correlated with tumor differentiation stage and postoperative cancer recurrence. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 ( ADAM12 ) a prognostic factor in resected pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) has multiple domains and functions, and it plays important roles in the development of cancer. We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether the expression of the membrane type of ADAM12 (ADAM12-L) could be a prognostic factor in resected pathological (p-) stage I lung adenocarcinoma.', 'ADAM12-L mRNA expression was quantified by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in tissue samples from 84 completely resected p-stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients. The patients were divided into ADAM12-L-Low and ADAM12-L-High groups, and correlations with clinicopathologic features were obtained.', 'Five-year survival rates of the ADAM12-L-Low and ADAM12-L-High groups were 95.1% and 71.9%, respectively. The postoperative prognosis for the ADAM12-L-High group was significantly poorer than for the ADAM12-L-Low group (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis confirmed that high expression of ADAM12-L was an independent factor for poor prognosis (P = 0.007, hazard ratio 8.288). The ADAM12-L-High group was less differentiated and had a significantly higher rate of cancer recurrence.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['ADAM Proteins', 'ADAM12 Protein', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Disintegrins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Prognosis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,554,219 | Are protein Z Plasma Levels Elevated in Patients with Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Protein Z is a glycoprotein that acts as a co-factor for the inhibition of activated coagulation factor X. Protein Z circulating in abnormal levels has been associated with increased risk for acute ischemic events. Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (N-AION) is caused by acute ischemic infarction of the optic nerve head, supplied by the posterior ciliary arteries.",
"The aim was to investigate whether there is an association between N-AION and plasma protein Z levels.",
"Twenty-six cases of confirmed N-AION and fifty-two controls were included in the study group. Protein Z was estimated in thawed citrate plasma on both N-AION cases and controls by an enzyme immunoassay. The imprecision of the estimation was satisfactory (CV = 4, 6%).",
"The controls' protein Z values distributed within a range 340 to 4200 ng/ml (median = 1420, mean = 1673, SD = 1040 ng/ml). Patients' protein Z values distributed within a range 420 to 3600 ng/ml (median = 1030, mean = 1520, SD = 939 ng/ml). There was no statistical difference between the two distributions (Independent t-test, p=0.529)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | In our study, protein Z levels are not implicated in the pathogenesis of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (N-AION). | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are protein Z Plasma Levels Elevated in Patients with Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Protein Z is a glycoprotein that acts as a co-factor for the inhibition of activated coagulation factor X. Protein Z circulating in abnormal levels has been associated with increased risk for acute ischemic events. Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (N-AION) is caused by acute ischemic infarction of the optic nerve head, supplied by the posterior ciliary arteries.', 'The aim was to investigate whether there is an association between N-AION and plasma protein Z levels.', 'Twenty-six cases of confirmed N-AION and fifty-two controls were included in the study group. Protein Z was estimated in thawed citrate plasma on both N-AION cases and controls by an enzyme immunoassay. The imprecision of the estimation was satisfactory (CV = 4, 6%).', \"The controls' protein Z values distributed within a range 340 to 4200 ng/ml (median = 1420, mean = 1673, SD = 1040 ng/ml). Patients' protein Z values distributed within a range 420 to 3600 ng/ml (median = 1030, mean = 1520, SD = 939 ng/ml). There was no statistical difference between the two distributions (Independent t-test, p=0.529).\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,557,859 | Does negative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging identify acute ischemic stroke at 3 hours or less? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the use of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging as surrogate marker of lesion age within the first 6 hours of ischemic stroke.",
"e analyzed FLAIR and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences performed within 6 hours of symptom onset in 120 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke with known symptom onset. The visibility of acute ischemic lesions on FLAIR images was judged in two steps (on FLAIR alone and with knowledge of DWI) and compared with DWI.",
"egative FLAIR in the case of positive DWI allocated ischemic lesions to a time window 3 hours or less with a high specificity (0.93) and a high positive predictive value (0.94), whereas sensitivity (0.48) and negative predictive value (0.43) were low. Lesion visibility on FLAIR images alone (35.6%) and with knowledge of DWI (62.5%) was lower than on DWI (97.1%). The sensitivity of FLAIR increased with increasing time from symptom onset from 27.0/50.0% <or= 3 hours to 56.7/93.3% after 3 to 6 hours (FLAIR alone/with knowledge of DWI). Multivariate regression analysis spotted longer time from symptom onset and larger size of the ischemic lesion as independent predictors of lesion visibility on FLAIR images."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Body Fluids",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Stroke",
"Time Factors"
]
} | "mismatch" between positive DWI and negative FLAIR allows the identification of patients that are highly likely to be within the 3-hour time window. Within the first 6 hours of stroke, the sensitivity of FLAIR sequences for acute ischemic lesions increases with time from symptom onset elapsing, approximating 100% after 3 to 6 hours. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does negative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging identify acute ischemic stroke at 3 hours or less?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the use of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging as surrogate marker of lesion age within the first 6 hours of ischemic stroke.', 'e analyzed FLAIR and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences performed within 6 hours of symptom onset in 120 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke with known symptom onset. The visibility of acute ischemic lesions on FLAIR images was judged in two steps (on FLAIR alone and with knowledge of DWI) and compared with DWI.', 'egative FLAIR in the case of positive DWI allocated ischemic lesions to a time window 3 hours or less with a high specificity (0.93) and a high positive predictive value (0.94), whereas sensitivity (0.48) and negative predictive value (0.43) were low. Lesion visibility on FLAIR images alone (35.6%) and with knowledge of DWI (62.5%) was lower than on DWI (97.1%). The sensitivity of FLAIR increased with increasing time from symptom onset from 27.0/50.0% <or= 3 hours to 56.7/93.3% after 3 to 6 hours (FLAIR alone/with knowledge of DWI). Multivariate regression analysis spotted longer time from symptom onset and larger size of the ischemic lesion as independent predictors of lesion visibility on FLAIR images.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Body Fluids', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stroke', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,844 | Do myeloid derived suppressor cells inhibit natural killer cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma via the NKp30 receptor? | {
"contexts": [
"Several immune suppressive mechanisms that evade the host immune response have been described in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); one of these mechanisms is expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs have been shown to inhibit T cell responses in tumor-bearing mice, but little is known about these cells in humans. Here, we have analyzed and characterized the effect of MDSCs on the innate immune system, in particular, their interaction with natural killer (NK) cells in patients with HCC. MDSCs from patients with HCC inhibited autologous NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion when cultured together in vitro. This suppression was dependent on cell contact, but did not rely on the arginase activity of MDSCs, which is a hallmark function of these cells. However, MDSC-mediated inhibition of NK cell function was dependent mainly on the NKp30 on NK cells."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Killer Cells, Natural",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Myeloid Cells",
"Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3"
]
} | Our study suggests a new role for MDSCs in patients with HCC in disarming the innate immune system and further contributing to the immune suppressor network in these patients. These findings have important implications when designing immunotherapy protocols. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do myeloid derived suppressor cells inhibit natural killer cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma via the NKp30 receptor?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several immune suppressive mechanisms that evade the host immune response have been described in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); one of these mechanisms is expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs have been shown to inhibit T cell responses in tumor-bearing mice, but little is known about these cells in humans. Here, we have analyzed and characterized the effect of MDSCs on the innate immune system, in particular, their interaction with natural killer (NK) cells in patients with HCC. MDSCs from patients with HCC inhibited autologous NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion when cultured together in vitro. This suppression was dependent on cell contact, but did not rely on the arginase activity of MDSCs, which is a hallmark function of these cells. However, MDSC-mediated inhibition of NK cell function was dependent mainly on the NKp30 on NK cells.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Myeloid Cells', 'Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,557 | Are plasma oxidized lipoprotein ( a ) and its immune complexes present in newborns and children? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidized Lp(a) [ox-Lp(a)] has been reported to play more potent roles than native Lp(a) in atherosclerosis. We investigated the distribution characteristics of plasma ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a) immune complex [Lp(a)-IC] levels in newborns and children.",
"Plasma ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC levels were measured in 747 children and 30 cord blood by ELISAs.",
"The mean levels of Lp(a), ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC were much lower in newborns than in children (P<0.001), and increased rapidly to that in children after birth. The distributions of Lp(a), ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC were skewed toward low values in children, no difference of their levels was found in each of the 13year groups. The levels of ox-Lp(a) correlated positively with total and LDL cholesterol, Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC; Lp(a)-IC correlated positively with sex, total and LDL cholesterol, Lp(a) and ox-Lp(a), respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC accounted for 42% of the variation in ox-Lp(a) levels, and ox-Lp(a) accounted for 30% of that in Lp(a)-IC."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Age Factors",
"Antigen-Antibody Complex",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Linear Models",
"Lipoprotein(a)",
"Male",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | The fact that ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC are present in newborns and children suggests that oxidized lipoproteins play an initiating role in atherosclerotic process. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are plasma oxidized lipoprotein ( a ) and its immune complexes present in newborns and children?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oxidized Lp(a) [ox-Lp(a)] has been reported to play more potent roles than native Lp(a) in atherosclerosis. We investigated the distribution characteristics of plasma ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a) immune complex [Lp(a)-IC] levels in newborns and children.', 'Plasma ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC levels were measured in 747 children and 30 cord blood by ELISAs.', 'The mean levels of Lp(a), ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC were much lower in newborns than in children (P<0.001), and increased rapidly to that in children after birth. The distributions of Lp(a), ox-Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC were skewed toward low values in children, no difference of their levels was found in each of the 13year groups. The levels of ox-Lp(a) correlated positively with total and LDL cholesterol, Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC; Lp(a)-IC correlated positively with sex, total and LDL cholesterol, Lp(a) and ox-Lp(a), respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed Lp(a) and Lp(a)-IC accounted for 42% of the variation in ox-Lp(a) levels, and ox-Lp(a) accounted for 30% of that in Lp(a)-IC.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Antigen-Antibody Complex', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Linear Models', 'Lipoprotein(a)', 'Male', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,550 | Is increased serum HMGB1 related to the severity of coronary artery stenosis? | {
"contexts": [
"High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been identified as a novel pro-inflammatory cytokine in coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the relationship between serum HMGB1 level and the severity of coronary artery stenosis.",
"Serum HMGB1 concentration in patients was measured by ELISA. All patients underwent coronary angiography and were assigned into groups according to the quartile of HMGB1 level.",
"HMGB1 level in USAP group was higher than that in control and SAP group. HMGB1 level in SAP group was higher than that in control group (p<0.05). Gensini scores in the highest quartile group (group IV), group III and group II were all significantly higher than that in the lowest quartile group (group I). There was significant correlation between angiographic Gensini score and serum level of HMGB1 (r=0.710, p<0.05). However, in subgroup analysis, we found that serum HMGB1 level was only correlated with angiographic Gensini score in SAP patients (r=0.786, p<0.05), but not USAP patients."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Angina, Unstable",
"Coronary Stenosis",
"Female",
"HMGB1 Protein",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged"
]
} | Serum HMGB1 level was markedly increased with the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with SAP and USAP, especially in SAP patients, which suggested that increased serum HMGB1 may involve in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic CAD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is increased serum HMGB1 related to the severity of coronary artery stenosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been identified as a novel pro-inflammatory cytokine in coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the relationship between serum HMGB1 level and the severity of coronary artery stenosis.', 'Serum HMGB1 concentration in patients was measured by ELISA. All patients underwent coronary angiography and were assigned into groups according to the quartile of HMGB1 level.', 'HMGB1 level in USAP group was higher than that in control and SAP group. HMGB1 level in SAP group was higher than that in control group (p<0.05). Gensini scores in the highest quartile group (group IV), group III and group II were all significantly higher than that in the lowest quartile group (group I). There was significant correlation between angiographic Gensini score and serum level of HMGB1 (r=0.710, p<0.05). However, in subgroup analysis, we found that serum HMGB1 level was only correlated with angiographic Gensini score in SAP patients (r=0.786, p<0.05), but not USAP patients.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Angina, Unstable', 'Coronary Stenosis', 'Female', 'HMGB1 Protein', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,551 | Is tNFalpha promoter polymorphism a risk factor for susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma in Korean population? | {
"contexts": [
"The underlying genetic factors for the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are largely unknown. TNFalpha is a well characterized inflammatory mediator and is implicated in the development of HCC. We investigated TNFalpha polymorphisms for association with HCC.",
"The study population consisted of 227 HCC patients and 365 age and sex matched Korean controls. TNFalpha polymorphisms (G-238A, C-857T, and C-863A) were genotyped using pyrosequencing analysis. TNFalpha levels in patients with HCC were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association with HCC and haplotype was calculated using EH program.",
"Of three TNFalpha polymorphisms investigated in our study, C-863A did not correlate with HCC. However, both G-238A and C-857T were found to be significantly associated with HCC. TNFalpha -238A allele was more frequent in HCC patients than in control [P=0.012; odds ratio (OR), 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-3.13]. TNFalpha -857T was significantly associated with HCC patients (P=0.001; OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.21-2.19). Haplotype analysis revealed that the GTC haplotype (G-238A, C-857T, C-863A) was a risk marker for HCC (P=0.0021). Serum TNFalpha level was significantly increased in HCC patients with CT+TT genotype for TNFalpha -857 (P=0.018)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Korea",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Our data imply that TNFalpha G-238A and C-857T, not C-863A, polymorphisms may confer different susceptibilities to the development of HCC with TNFalpha -238A and -857T alleles playing as risk factors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is tNFalpha promoter polymorphism a risk factor for susceptibility in hepatocellular carcinoma in Korean population?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The underlying genetic factors for the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are largely unknown. TNFalpha is a well characterized inflammatory mediator and is implicated in the development of HCC. We investigated TNFalpha polymorphisms for association with HCC.', 'The study population consisted of 227 HCC patients and 365 age and sex matched Korean controls. TNFalpha polymorphisms (G-238A, C-857T, and C-863A) were genotyped using pyrosequencing analysis. TNFalpha levels in patients with HCC were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association with HCC and haplotype was calculated using EH program.', 'Of three TNFalpha polymorphisms investigated in our study, C-863A did not correlate with HCC. However, both G-238A and C-857T were found to be significantly associated with HCC. TNFalpha -238A allele was more frequent in HCC patients than in control [P=0.012; odds ratio (OR), 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14-3.13]. TNFalpha -857T was significantly associated with HCC patients (P=0.001; OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.21-2.19). Haplotype analysis revealed that the GTC haplotype (G-238A, C-857T, C-863A) was a risk marker for HCC (P=0.0021). Serum TNFalpha level was significantly increased in HCC patients with CT+TT genotype for TNFalpha -857 (P=0.018).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Korea', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,709 | Does dietary supplement with a combination of Rhodiola crenulata and Ginkgo biloba enhance the endurance performance in healthy volunteers? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the ingestion of a herbal supplement called Rhodiola-Gingko Capsule (RGC) would enhance the endurance performance of healthy volunteers and change relevant hormones in a favorable manner.",
"Seventy healthy male volunteers (age ranges from 18 to 22 years old) were randomly assigned to RGC group (35 cases, each capsule containing 270 mg herbal extracts, 4 capsules per day) or placebo group (35 cases, equivalent placebo preparation) for 7 weeks using computer produced digital random method. The endurance performance, serum testosterone and cortisol levels were measured at the baseline and the endpoint.",
"Sixty-seven subjects (34 in the RGC group and 33 in the placebo group) completed a 7-week treatment. The RGC group displayed a significantly greater baseline-to endpoint increase in maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) than placebo group in both absolute (P=0.020) and relative values (P=0.023). At the endpoint, the serum cortisol level was unchanged in the RGC group compared with the baseline, but it was significantly elevated in the placebo group (P<0.05). The endpoint ratio of testosterone to cortisol, a surrogate for overtraining and fatigue in endurance exercises, was also indifferent compared with the baseline in the RGC group, but significantly decreased in the placebo group (P<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Drug Therapy, Combination",
"Drugs, Chinese Herbal",
"Fatigue",
"Ginkgo biloba",
"Humans",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Integrative Medicine",
"Male",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Physical Endurance",
"Placebos",
"Rhodiola",
"Testosterone",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The combined herbal supplement of Rhodiola and Gingko could improve the endurance performance by increasing oxygen consumption and protecting against fatigue. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dietary supplement with a combination of Rhodiola crenulata and Ginkgo biloba enhance the endurance performance in healthy volunteers?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether the ingestion of a herbal supplement called Rhodiola-Gingko Capsule (RGC) would enhance the endurance performance of healthy volunteers and change relevant hormones in a favorable manner.', 'Seventy healthy male volunteers (age ranges from 18 to 22 years old) were randomly assigned to RGC group (35 cases, each capsule containing 270 mg herbal extracts, 4 capsules per day) or placebo group (35 cases, equivalent placebo preparation) for 7 weeks using computer produced digital random method. The endurance performance, serum testosterone and cortisol levels were measured at the baseline and the endpoint.', 'Sixty-seven subjects (34 in the RGC group and 33 in the placebo group) completed a 7-week treatment. The RGC group displayed a significantly greater baseline-to endpoint increase in maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) than placebo group in both absolute (P=0.020) and relative values (P=0.023). At the endpoint, the serum cortisol level was unchanged in the RGC group compared with the baseline, but it was significantly elevated in the placebo group (P<0.05). The endpoint ratio of testosterone to cortisol, a surrogate for overtraining and fatigue in endurance exercises, was also indifferent compared with the baseline in the RGC group, but significantly decreased in the placebo group (P<0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Fatigue', 'Ginkgo biloba', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Integrative Medicine', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Endurance', 'Placebos', 'Rhodiola', 'Testosterone', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,558,888 | Are [ Parathyroid glands differentiated from lymph node by activated-carbon particles ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To probe into an new methods preserving parathyroid gland of patients with thyroid carcinoma.",
"Thirty-six patients with thyroid carcinoma that primary treated were random divided into two groups: trial group and control group. Emulsion of activated-carbon particles was injected into the thyroid gland of trial group patients. After thirty minutes, central compartment dissection was performed in the all patients. The black stained tissue in the dissection specimen of trial group was separated. Total lymph node, metastasis lymph node and parathyroid gland in the black stained tissue, and non-black stained tissue in the central compartment dissection specimen of trial group and central compartment dissection specimen of control group were counted respectively.",
"Nineteen and twenty central compartment dissection was performed in trial group and control group respectively. There are 177 lymph nodes included 83 metastasis lymph nodes in the black-stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. No parathyroid gland was found in the black-stained tissue. Nine lymph nodes included 2 metastasis lymph nodes and 7 parathyroid glands were found in the non-black stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. There were 124 lymph nodes included 80 metastasis lymph nodes and 8 parathyroid glands in central compartment dissection specimen of control group. There are statistic difference between the amount of lymph node in black stain tissue and that of control group (t = 0.340, P = 0.003). Rate of staining lymph node were 95.2 percent."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Humans",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Middle Aged",
"Nanotubes, Carbon",
"Parathyroid Glands",
"Thyroid Neoplasms",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Lymph node of VI group can be stained black by activated carbon particles, and parathyroid gland cannot be stained black. Maybe, parathyroid gland can be preserved by removing the black stain lymph node and retaining the non-black stained tissue. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are [ Parathyroid glands differentiated from lymph node by activated-carbon particles ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To probe into an new methods preserving parathyroid gland of patients with thyroid carcinoma.', 'Thirty-six patients with thyroid carcinoma that primary treated were random divided into two groups: trial group and control group. Emulsion of activated-carbon particles was injected into the thyroid gland of trial group patients. After thirty minutes, central compartment dissection was performed in the all patients. The black stained tissue in the dissection specimen of trial group was separated. Total lymph node, metastasis lymph node and parathyroid gland in the black stained tissue, and non-black stained tissue in the central compartment dissection specimen of trial group and central compartment dissection specimen of control group were counted respectively.', 'Nineteen and twenty central compartment dissection was performed in trial group and control group respectively. There are 177 lymph nodes included 83 metastasis lymph nodes in the black-stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. No parathyroid gland was found in the black-stained tissue. Nine lymph nodes included 2 metastasis lymph nodes and 7 parathyroid glands were found in the non-black stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. There were 124 lymph nodes included 80 metastasis lymph nodes and 8 parathyroid glands in central compartment dissection specimen of control group. There are statistic difference between the amount of lymph node in black stain tissue and that of control group (t = 0.340, P = 0.003). Rate of staining lymph node were 95.2 percent.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Humans', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Nanotubes, Carbon', 'Parathyroid Glands', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,544,164 | Is the response to bronchodilators in adults predictive of bronchial-hyperreactivity? | {
"contexts": [
"In some subjects with suspected asthma who have normal spirometry, administration of bronchodilators (BD) improves expiratory flow rates. The predictive value of this phenomenon in adults is not known.",
"To evaluate the predictive value of the response to BD for bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) using the metacholine challenge test (MCT). Patients and methods. The study population included 62 non-smoking adult patients (41.9% women) 29.5 +/- 15.5 years of age (range 18-64 years) with suspected asthma with normal spirometry that underwent MCT within 1 week. The response to BD (200 mu g inhaled salbutamol) was compared between subjects with positive and negative MCT using cutoff levels of provocative concentrations of metacholine causing a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) (PC(20)) of 4 and 8 mg/mL.",
"Mean (+/- SD) baseline FEV(1) was 87.8 +/- 12% of predicted. After BD administration the mean FEV(1) increased by 4.3 +/- 3.9%. The prevalence of BHR was 17.7% and 25.8% for PC(20) for PC(20) of 4 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL, respectively. The post-BD FEV(1) increment for subjects with positive and negative MCT tests was 3.9% +/- 3.3% versus 4.4% +/- 4.1%, respectively; p = 0.89, using cutoff of 4 mg/mL. The corresponding figures for cutoff of 8 mg/ml were 4.3% +/- 3.1% vs. 4.3% +/- 4.2%, respectively; p = 0.8465. There was no correlation between post-BD FEV(1) increment and PC(20) values in patients with positive MCT test for the above-mentioned cutoff levels (correlation coefficient r = 0.1645, p = 0.6289; and r = 0.2417, p = 0.4051, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Inhalation",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Albuterol",
"Bronchial Hyperreactivity",
"Bronchodilator Agents",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Methacholine Chloride",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Young Adult"
]
} | In adults with suspected asthma who have normal spirometry, the response to BD cannot be used to predict BHR. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the response to bronchodilators in adults predictive of bronchial-hyperreactivity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In some subjects with suspected asthma who have normal spirometry, administration of bronchodilators (BD) improves expiratory flow rates. The predictive value of this phenomenon in adults is not known.', 'To evaluate the predictive value of the response to BD for bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) using the metacholine challenge test (MCT). Patients and methods. The study population included 62 non-smoking adult patients (41.9% women) 29.5 +/- 15.5 years of age (range 18-64 years) with suspected asthma with normal spirometry that underwent MCT within 1 week. The response to BD (200 mu g inhaled salbutamol) was compared between subjects with positive and negative MCT using cutoff levels of provocative concentrations of metacholine causing a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) (PC(20)) of 4 and 8 mg/mL.', 'Mean (+/- SD) baseline FEV(1) was 87.8 +/- 12% of predicted. After BD administration the mean FEV(1) increased by 4.3 +/- 3.9%. The prevalence of BHR was 17.7% and 25.8% for PC(20) for PC(20) of 4 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL, respectively. The post-BD FEV(1) increment for subjects with positive and negative MCT tests was 3.9% +/- 3.3% versus 4.4% +/- 4.1%, respectively; p = 0.89, using cutoff of 4 mg/mL. The corresponding figures for cutoff of 8 mg/ml were 4.3% +/- 3.1% vs. 4.3% +/- 4.2%, respectively; p = 0.8465. There was no correlation between post-BD FEV(1) increment and PC(20) values in patients with positive MCT test for the above-mentioned cutoff levels (correlation coefficient r = 0.1645, p = 0.6289; and r = 0.2417, p = 0.4051, respectively).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Inhalation', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Albuterol', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Bronchodilator Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,545,413 | Is synovial fluid level of aggrecan ARGS fragments a more sensitive marker of joint disease than glycosaminoglycan or aggrecan levels : a cross-sectional study? | {
"contexts": [
"Aggrecanase cleavage at the 392Glu-393Ala bond in the interglobular domain (IGD) of aggrecan, releasing N-terminal 393ARGS fragments, is an early key event in arthritis and joint injuries. Here, we use a quantitative immunoassay of aggrecan ARGS neoepitope fragments in human synovial fluid to determine if this cleavage-site specific method better identifies joint pathology than previously available less specific aggrecan assays.",
"Synovial fluid (SF) from 26 people with healthy knees (reference) and 269 patients were analyzed in a cross-sectional study. Patient groups were acute inflammatory arthritis, acute knee injury, chronic knee injury and knee osteoarthritis (OA). Aggrecan ARGS fragments were assayed by ELISA using the monoclonal antibody OA-1. Total aggrecan content was analyzed by an ELISA using the monoclonal antibody 1-F21, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan by Alcian blue precipitation.",
"Aggrecan ARGS fragment concentrations in all groups differed from the reference group (P < 0.001). The acute inflammatory arthritis group had the highest median level, 177-fold greater than that of the reference group. Median levels (in pmol ARGS/ml SF) were: reference 0.5, acute inflammatory arthritis 88.5, acute knee injury 53.9, chronic knee injury 0.5 and OA 4.6. In contrast, aggrecan and sulfated glycosaminoglycan concentrations varied much less between groups, and only acute inflammatory arthritis and acute knee injury were found to have a two-fold increase in median levels compared to the reference."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aggrecans",
"Biomarkers",
"Cohort Studies",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Epitopes",
"Female",
"Glycosaminoglycans",
"Humans",
"Joint Diseases",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Peptide Fragments",
"Synovial Fluid",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Levels of aggrecan ARGS fragments in human synovial fluid are increased in human arthritis, OA and after knee injury, likely reflecting an enhanced cleavage at the 392Glu-393Ala bond in the IGD by aggrecanase. An assay that specifically quantified these fragments better distinguished samples from joints with pathology than assays monitoring aggrecan or glycosaminoglycan concentrations. The newly developed ARGS fragment assay can be used to monitor aggrecanase activity in human joint disease and experimental models. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is synovial fluid level of aggrecan ARGS fragments a more sensitive marker of joint disease than glycosaminoglycan or aggrecan levels : a cross-sectional study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Aggrecanase cleavage at the 392Glu-393Ala bond in the interglobular domain (IGD) of aggrecan, releasing N-terminal 393ARGS fragments, is an early key event in arthritis and joint injuries. Here, we use a quantitative immunoassay of aggrecan ARGS neoepitope fragments in human synovial fluid to determine if this cleavage-site specific method better identifies joint pathology than previously available less specific aggrecan assays.', 'Synovial fluid (SF) from 26 people with healthy knees (reference) and 269 patients were analyzed in a cross-sectional study. Patient groups were acute inflammatory arthritis, acute knee injury, chronic knee injury and knee osteoarthritis (OA). Aggrecan ARGS fragments were assayed by ELISA using the monoclonal antibody OA-1. Total aggrecan content was analyzed by an ELISA using the monoclonal antibody 1-F21, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan by Alcian blue precipitation.', 'Aggrecan ARGS fragment concentrations in all groups differed from the reference group (P < 0.001). The acute inflammatory arthritis group had the highest median level, 177-fold greater than that of the reference group. Median levels (in pmol ARGS/ml SF) were: reference 0.5, acute inflammatory arthritis 88.5, acute knee injury 53.9, chronic knee injury 0.5 and OA 4.6. In contrast, aggrecan and sulfated glycosaminoglycan concentrations varied much less between groups, and only acute inflammatory arthritis and acute knee injury were found to have a two-fold increase in median levels compared to the reference.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aggrecans', 'Biomarkers', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Glycosaminoglycans', 'Humans', 'Joint Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Synovial Fluid', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,079 | Does follicle curetting at the time of oocyte retrieval increase the oocyte yield? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether follicle curetting at the time of oocyte retrieval increases oocyte yield.",
"Retrospective review of all patients who underwent oocyte retrieval from July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2005.",
"Number of oocytes retrieved.",
"retrieval time, number of cryopreserved embryos, pregnancy rates, and incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.",
"There were no differences in patient demographics, antral follicle count, cycle stimulation characteristics, fertilization rates, embryo quantity or quality, embryo cryopreservation rates, clinical pregnancy rates, live birth rates, or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome between the groups. Retrievals that utilized curetting took three minutes longer. Follicle curetting significantly increased the number of oocytes retrieved, 13.9 +/- 0.6 compared to 11.4 +/- 0.6 oocytes without curetting (P = 0.003). The quantity of mature oocytes was also increased with curetting (10.3 +/- 0.5 versus 8.4 +/- 0.5, P = 0.006)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Female",
"Fertilization in Vitro",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Oocyte Retrieval",
"Oocytes",
"Ovarian Follicle",
"Ovulation Induction",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Outcome"
]
} | This study demonstrated that follicle curetting significantly increased oocyte yield. While it did not increase live birth rates, this increase in oocyte yield should lead to increased numbers of embryos for selection at transfer and increased embryos for cryopreservation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does follicle curetting at the time of oocyte retrieval increase the oocyte yield?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether follicle curetting at the time of oocyte retrieval increases oocyte yield.', 'Retrospective review of all patients who underwent oocyte retrieval from July 1, 2003 to June 30, 2005.', 'Number of oocytes retrieved.', 'retrieval time, number of cryopreserved embryos, pregnancy rates, and incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.', 'There were no differences in patient demographics, antral follicle count, cycle stimulation characteristics, fertilization rates, embryo quantity or quality, embryo cryopreservation rates, clinical pregnancy rates, live birth rates, or ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome between the groups. Retrievals that utilized curetting took three minutes longer. Follicle curetting significantly increased the number of oocytes retrieved, 13.9 +/- 0.6 compared to 11.4 +/- 0.6 oocytes without curetting (P = 0.003). The quantity of mature oocytes was also increased with curetting (10.3 +/- 0.5 versus 8.4 +/- 0.5, P = 0.006).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oocyte Retrieval', 'Oocytes', 'Ovarian Follicle', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,523 | Does aggregated LDL in contact with macrophages induce local increases in free cholesterol levels that regulate local actin polymerization? | {
"contexts": [
"Interaction of macrophages with aggregated matrix-anchored lipoprotein deposits is an important initial step in atherogenesis. Aggregated lipoproteins require different cellular uptake processes than those used for endocytosis of monomeric lipoproteins. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that engagement of aggregated LDL (agLDL) by macrophages could lead to local increases in free cholesterol levels and that these increases in free cholesterol regulate signals that control cellular actin.",
"AgLDL resides for prolonged periods in surface-connected compartments. Although agLDL is still extracellular, we demonstrate that an increase in free cholesterol occurs at sites of contact between agLDL and cells because of hydrolysis of agLDL-derived cholesteryl ester. This increase in free cholesterol causes enhanced actin polymerization around the agLDL. Inhibition of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis results in decreased actin polymerization."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actins",
"Cholesterol",
"Cholesterol Esters",
"Filipin",
"Humans",
"Lipoproteins, LDL",
"Macrolides",
"Macrophages",
"Polymers",
"Sterol Esterase",
"cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein",
"rac GTP-Binding Proteins"
]
} | We describe a novel process that occurs during agLDL-macrophage interactions in which local release of free cholesterol causes local actin polymerization, promoting a pathological positive feedback loop for increased catabolism of agLDL and eventual foam cell formation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does aggregated LDL in contact with macrophages induce local increases in free cholesterol levels that regulate local actin polymerization?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Interaction of macrophages with aggregated matrix-anchored lipoprotein deposits is an important initial step in atherogenesis. Aggregated lipoproteins require different cellular uptake processes than those used for endocytosis of monomeric lipoproteins. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that engagement of aggregated LDL (agLDL) by macrophages could lead to local increases in free cholesterol levels and that these increases in free cholesterol regulate signals that control cellular actin.', 'AgLDL resides for prolonged periods in surface-connected compartments. Although agLDL is still extracellular, we demonstrate that an increase in free cholesterol occurs at sites of contact between agLDL and cells because of hydrolysis of agLDL-derived cholesteryl ester. This increase in free cholesterol causes enhanced actin polymerization around the agLDL. Inhibition of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis results in decreased actin polymerization.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Actins', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol Esters', 'Filipin', 'Humans', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Macrolides', 'Macrophages', 'Polymers', 'Sterol Esterase', 'cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein', 'rac GTP-Binding Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,541,813 | Do hFE mutations modulate the effect of iron on serum hepcidin-25 in chronic hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased serum hepcidin has been reported in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, and hypothesized to contribute to the alterations of iron metabolism of end-stage renal disease. However, no quantitative assessment is available to date; the clinical determinants are still under definition; and the role of genetic factors, namely HFE mutations, has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess serum hepcidin-25 in hemodialysis patients versus controls, and analyze the relationship between hepcidin, iron indices, HFE genotype, and erythropoietic parameters.",
"Sixty-five hemodialysis patients and 57 healthy controls were considered. Hepcidin-25 was evaluated by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, HFE genotype by restriction analysis.",
"Serum hepcidin-25 was higher in hemodialysis patients compared with controls. In patients, hepcidin-25 correlated positively with ferritin and C reactive protein, and negatively with serum iron after adjustment for confounders. Hepcidin/ferritin ratio was lower in patients with (n = 25) than in those without (n = 40) HFE mutations. At multivariate analysis, hepcidin-25 was independently associated with ferritin and HFE status. In a subgroup of 22 \"stable\" patients, i.e., with Hb levels on target, normal CRP levels, and absence of complications for at least 1 yr, hepcidin-25 was negatively correlated with Hb levels independently of confounders."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anemia",
"Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides",
"Biomarkers",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Erythropoiesis",
"Female",
"Ferritins",
"Genotype",
"Hemochromatosis Protein",
"Hepcidins",
"Histocompatibility Antigens Class I",
"Humans",
"Inflammation",
"Iron",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Male",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Serum hepcidin-25 is increased in hemodialysis patients, regulated by iron stores and inflammation, and relatively reduced in subjects carrying frequent HFE mutations. Hepcidin-25 may contribute to the pathogenesis of anemia by decreasing iron availability. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do hFE mutations modulate the effect of iron on serum hepcidin-25 in chronic hemodialysis patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Increased serum hepcidin has been reported in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, and hypothesized to contribute to the alterations of iron metabolism of end-stage renal disease. However, no quantitative assessment is available to date; the clinical determinants are still under definition; and the role of genetic factors, namely HFE mutations, has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess serum hepcidin-25 in hemodialysis patients versus controls, and analyze the relationship between hepcidin, iron indices, HFE genotype, and erythropoietic parameters.', 'Sixty-five hemodialysis patients and 57 healthy controls were considered. Hepcidin-25 was evaluated by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, HFE genotype by restriction analysis.', 'Serum hepcidin-25 was higher in hemodialysis patients compared with controls. In patients, hepcidin-25 correlated positively with ferritin and C reactive protein, and negatively with serum iron after adjustment for confounders. Hepcidin/ferritin ratio was lower in patients with (n = 25) than in those without (n = 40) HFE mutations. At multivariate analysis, hepcidin-25 was independently associated with ferritin and HFE status. In a subgroup of 22 \"stable\" patients, i.e., with Hb levels on target, normal CRP levels, and absence of complications for at least 1 yr, hepcidin-25 was negatively correlated with Hb levels independently of confounders.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anemia', 'Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides', 'Biomarkers', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Erythropoiesis', 'Female', 'Ferritins', 'Genotype', 'Hemochromatosis Protein', 'Hepcidins', 'Histocompatibility Antigens Class I', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Iron', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,541 | Are polymorphisms in cell death pathway genes associated with altered sperm apoptosis and poor semen quality? | {
"contexts": [
"The FAS/FASLG system has been proposed to play a key role in germ cell apoptosis. To elucidate the role of the genetic variants of cell death pathway genes in male infertility, we genotyped the polymorphisms of FAS, FASLG and caspase-8 (CASP8) genes and evaluated their effects on sperm apoptosis and semen quality in infertile men.",
"The genotypes of FAS, FASLG and CASP8 were determined in 620 infertile men. Sperm apoptosis rates were measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt)-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and the semen quality analysis was performed using computer assisted sperm analysis.",
"We found that polymorphisms of FAS-670A/G (rs1800682: A>G) and CASP8-652 6N ins/del (rs3834129: -/CTTACT) were associated with sperm apoptosis and semen quality. Individuals with FAS-670GG showed low apoptosis rate and decreased sperm concentration, compared with the FAS-670AA genotype. Similarly, in comparison with the CASP8-652 6N ins/ins genotype, the CASP8-652 6N (ins/del+del/del) genotypes also showed significantly decreased sperm apoptosis rate and poor sperm motility. Other polymorphisms investigated did not appear to affect sperm apoptosis and semen quality."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Caspase 8",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Infertility, Male",
"Male",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Semen Analysis",
"Sperm Motility",
"Spermatozoa",
"fas Receptor"
]
} | This study showed for the first time that functional variants of FAS and CASP8 might contribute to the dysfunctional apoptotic mechanism in germ cells, which could result in poor semen quality of ejaculated sperm. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are polymorphisms in cell death pathway genes associated with altered sperm apoptosis and poor semen quality?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The FAS/FASLG system has been proposed to play a key role in germ cell apoptosis. To elucidate the role of the genetic variants of cell death pathway genes in male infertility, we genotyped the polymorphisms of FAS, FASLG and caspase-8 (CASP8) genes and evaluated their effects on sperm apoptosis and semen quality in infertile men.', 'The genotypes of FAS, FASLG and CASP8 were determined in 620 infertile men. Sperm apoptosis rates were measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt)-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and the semen quality analysis was performed using computer assisted sperm analysis.', 'We found that polymorphisms of FAS-670A/G (rs1800682: A>G) and CASP8-652 6N ins/del (rs3834129: -/CTTACT) were associated with sperm apoptosis and semen quality. Individuals with FAS-670GG showed low apoptosis rate and decreased sperm concentration, compared with the FAS-670AA genotype. Similarly, in comparison with the CASP8-652 6N ins/ins genotype, the CASP8-652 6N (ins/del+del/del) genotypes also showed significantly decreased sperm apoptosis rate and poor sperm motility. Other polymorphisms investigated did not appear to affect sperm apoptosis and semen quality.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Caspase 8', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Male', 'Male', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Semen Analysis', 'Sperm Motility', 'Spermatozoa', 'fas Receptor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,346 | Does developmental changes in spatial distribution of in vivo fluorescence and epidermal UV absorbance over Quercus petraea leave? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidermal phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids) constitute a vital screen that protects the leaf from damage by natural ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The effectiveness of epidermal UV-screening depends on leaf anatomy, the content of UV-screening compounds and their spatial uniformity over the leaf area. To investigate in vivo the spatial pattern of the epidermal UV-screen during leaf development, a fluorescence imaging method was developed to map the epidermal UV-absorbance at a microscopic scale. This study was done on oak (Quercus petraea) leaves that were used as a model of woody dicotyledonous leaves.",
"The leaf development of 2-year-old trees, grown outdoors, was monitored, at a macroscopic scale, by in vivo measurements of chlorophyll content per unit area and epidermal UV-absorbance using two optical leaf-clip meters. The distribution of pigments within leaves was assessed in vivo spectroscopically. The microscopic images of UV-induced fluorescence and UV-absorbance acquired in vivo during leaf development were interpreted from spectral characteristics of leaves.",
"At a macroscopic scale, epidermal UV-absorbance was high on the upper leaf side during leaf development, while it increased on the lower leaf side during leaf expansion and reached the adaxial value at maturity. At a microscopic scale, in immature leaves, for both leaf sides, the spatial distribution of epidermal UV-absorbance was heterogeneous, with a pattern depending on the flavonoid content of vacuoles in developing epidermal cells. At maturity, epidermal UV-absorbance was uniform."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Plant Epidermis",
"Plant Leaves",
"Quercus",
"Spectrometry, Fluorescence",
"Ultraviolet Rays"
]
} | The spatial pattern of epidermal UV-screen over the area of oak leaves is related to leaf anatomy during development. In vivo spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging of the leaf surface showed the distribution of pigments within the leaf and hence can provide a tool to monitor optically the leaf development in nature. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does developmental changes in spatial distribution of in vivo fluorescence and epidermal UV absorbance over Quercus petraea leave?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Epidermal phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids) constitute a vital screen that protects the leaf from damage by natural ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The effectiveness of epidermal UV-screening depends on leaf anatomy, the content of UV-screening compounds and their spatial uniformity over the leaf area. To investigate in vivo the spatial pattern of the epidermal UV-screen during leaf development, a fluorescence imaging method was developed to map the epidermal UV-absorbance at a microscopic scale. This study was done on oak (Quercus petraea) leaves that were used as a model of woody dicotyledonous leaves.', 'The leaf development of 2-year-old trees, grown outdoors, was monitored, at a macroscopic scale, by in vivo measurements of chlorophyll content per unit area and epidermal UV-absorbance using two optical leaf-clip meters. The distribution of pigments within leaves was assessed in vivo spectroscopically. The microscopic images of UV-induced fluorescence and UV-absorbance acquired in vivo during leaf development were interpreted from spectral characteristics of leaves.', 'At a macroscopic scale, epidermal UV-absorbance was high on the upper leaf side during leaf development, while it increased on the lower leaf side during leaf expansion and reached the adaxial value at maturity. At a microscopic scale, in immature leaves, for both leaf sides, the spatial distribution of epidermal UV-absorbance was heterogeneous, with a pattern depending on the flavonoid content of vacuoles in developing epidermal cells. At maturity, epidermal UV-absorbance was uniform.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Plant Epidermis', 'Plant Leaves', 'Quercus', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Ultraviolet Rays']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,562,031 | Do low-abundance HIV drug-resistant viral variants in treatment-experienced persons correlate with historical antiretroviral use? | {
"contexts": [
"It is largely unknown how frequently low-abundance HIV drug-resistant variants at levels under limit of detection of conventional genotyping (<20% of quasi-species) are present in antiretroviral-experienced persons experiencing virologic failure. Further, the clinical implications of low-abundance drug-resistant variants at time of virologic failure are unknown.",
"Plasma samples from 22 antiretroviral-experienced subjects collected at time of virologic failure (viral load 1380 to 304,000 copies/mL) were obtained from a specimen bank (from 2004-2007). The prevalence and profile of drug-resistant mutations were determined using Sanger sequencing and ultra-deep pyrosequencing. Genotypes were interpreted using Stanford HIV database algorithm. Antiretroviral treatment histories were obtained by chart review and correlated with drug-resistant mutations. Low-abundance drug-resistant mutations were detected in all 22 subjects by deep sequencing and only in 3 subjects by Sanger sequencing. In total they accounted for 90 of 247 mutations (36%) detected by deep sequencing; the majority of these (95%) were not detected by standard genotyping. A mean of 4 additional mutations per subject were detected by deep sequencing (p<0.0001, 95%CI: 2.85-5.53). The additional low-abundance drug-resistant mutations increased a subject's genotypic resistance to one or more antiretrovirals in 17 of 22 subjects (77%). When correlated with subjects' antiretroviral treatment histories, the additional low-abundance drug-resistant mutations correlated with the failing antiretroviral drugs in 21% subjects and correlated with historical antiretroviral use in 79% subjects (OR, 13.73; 95% CI, 2.5-74.3, p = 0.0016)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Algorithms",
"Anti-HIV Agents",
"Anti-Retroviral Agents",
"DNA, Complementary",
"Drug Resistance, Viral",
"Genotype",
"HIV Infections",
"Humans",
"Mutation",
"Odds Ratio",
"Prevalence",
"RNA, Viral",
"Virus Replication"
]
} | Low-abundance HIV drug-resistant mutations in antiretroviral-experienced subjects at time of virologic failure can increase a subject's overall burden of resistance, yet commonly go unrecognized by conventional genotyping. The majority of unrecognized resistant mutations correlate with historical antiretroviral use. Ultra-deep sequencing can provide important historical resistance information for clinicians when planning subsequent antiretroviral regimens for highly treatment-experienced patients, particularly when their prior treatment histories and longitudinal genotypes are not available. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do low-abundance HIV drug-resistant viral variants in treatment-experienced persons correlate with historical antiretroviral use?\nContext: {'contexts': ['It is largely unknown how frequently low-abundance HIV drug-resistant variants at levels under limit of detection of conventional genotyping (<20% of quasi-species) are present in antiretroviral-experienced persons experiencing virologic failure. Further, the clinical implications of low-abundance drug-resistant variants at time of virologic failure are unknown.', \"Plasma samples from 22 antiretroviral-experienced subjects collected at time of virologic failure (viral load 1380 to 304,000 copies/mL) were obtained from a specimen bank (from 2004-2007). The prevalence and profile of drug-resistant mutations were determined using Sanger sequencing and ultra-deep pyrosequencing. Genotypes were interpreted using Stanford HIV database algorithm. Antiretroviral treatment histories were obtained by chart review and correlated with drug-resistant mutations. Low-abundance drug-resistant mutations were detected in all 22 subjects by deep sequencing and only in 3 subjects by Sanger sequencing. In total they accounted for 90 of 247 mutations (36%) detected by deep sequencing; the majority of these (95%) were not detected by standard genotyping. A mean of 4 additional mutations per subject were detected by deep sequencing (p<0.0001, 95%CI: 2.85-5.53). The additional low-abundance drug-resistant mutations increased a subject's genotypic resistance to one or more antiretrovirals in 17 of 22 subjects (77%). When correlated with subjects' antiretroviral treatment histories, the additional low-abundance drug-resistant mutations correlated with the failing antiretroviral drugs in 21% subjects and correlated with historical antiretroviral use in 79% subjects (OR, 13.73; 95% CI, 2.5-74.3, p = 0.0016).\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Algorithms', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Anti-Retroviral Agents', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Drug Resistance, Viral', 'Genotype', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Mutation', 'Odds Ratio', 'Prevalence', 'RNA, Viral', 'Virus Replication']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,754 | Do therapeutic efficacy of voriconazole against a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolate in a vaginal model? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of oral versus intravaginal voriconazole and compare it with fluconazole for the treatment of experimental vaginitis caused by a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolate.",
"Mice were treated with voriconazole at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg once a day and 20 mg/kg twice a day or with fluconazole at 20 mg/kg once or twice a day orally. Intravaginal treatments were evaluated with voriconazole and fluconazole at 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg once a day. All treatment regimens were given on days 1-5 post-challenge. One day 6, the vaginas were swabbed to assess treatment effects.",
"Mice treated orally with voriconazole at >or=10 mg/kg and fluconazole at >or=20 mg/kg showed significantly reduced fungal counts over controls (P = 0.0002-0.007). Significant differences were found between the groups that received voriconazole at 20 mg/kg once or twice daily and those that received fluconazole at 20 mg/kg once or twice daily, orally (P = 0.010 and 0.001, respectively). Mice treated with voriconazole or fluconazole administered intravaginally at >or=0.5 mg/kg exhibited a reduced fungal burden when compared with the control group (P = 0.0002-0.007). There was no statistically significant difference in fungal burden between topical treatment with doses of 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg once daily of voriconazole or fluconazole. Sterilization of vaginas was not observed with voriconazole and fluconazole without taking into consideration the therapeutic modality."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Intravaginal",
"Administration, Oral",
"Animals",
"Antifungal Agents",
"Candida albicans",
"Candidiasis",
"Colony Count, Microbial",
"Drug Resistance, Fungal",
"Female",
"Fluconazole",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Pyrimidines",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Triazoles",
"Vagina",
"Voriconazole"
]
} | Voriconazole could emerge as a new alternative for treatment of vaginal candidosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do therapeutic efficacy of voriconazole against a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolate in a vaginal model?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of oral versus intravaginal voriconazole and compare it with fluconazole for the treatment of experimental vaginitis caused by a fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolate.', 'Mice were treated with voriconazole at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg once a day and 20 mg/kg twice a day or with fluconazole at 20 mg/kg once or twice a day orally. Intravaginal treatments were evaluated with voriconazole and fluconazole at 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg once a day. All treatment regimens were given on days 1-5 post-challenge. One day 6, the vaginas were swabbed to assess treatment effects.', 'Mice treated orally with voriconazole at >or=10 mg/kg and fluconazole at >or=20 mg/kg showed significantly reduced fungal counts over controls (P = 0.0002-0.007). Significant differences were found between the groups that received voriconazole at 20 mg/kg once or twice daily and those that received fluconazole at 20 mg/kg once or twice daily, orally (P = 0.010 and 0.001, respectively). Mice treated with voriconazole or fluconazole administered intravaginally at >or=0.5 mg/kg exhibited a reduced fungal burden when compared with the control group (P = 0.0002-0.007). There was no statistically significant difference in fungal burden between topical treatment with doses of 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg once daily of voriconazole or fluconazole. Sterilization of vaginas was not observed with voriconazole and fluconazole without taking into consideration the therapeutic modality.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Intravaginal', 'Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antifungal Agents', 'Candida albicans', 'Candidiasis', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Drug Resistance, Fungal', 'Female', 'Fluconazole', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Pyrimidines', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Triazoles', 'Vagina', 'Voriconazole']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,552,800 | Does blockade of advanced glycation end product formation attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been proposed to be involved in pulmonary fibrosis, but its role in this process has not been fully understood. To investigate the role of AGE formation in pulmonary fibrosis, we used a bleomycin (BLM)-stimulated rat model treated with aminoguanidine (AG), a crosslink inhibitor of AGE formation.",
"Rats were intratracheally instilled with BLM (5 mg/kg) and orally administered with AG (40, 80, 120 mg/kg) once daily for two weeks. AGEs level in lung tissue was determined by ELISA and pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated by Ashcroft score and hydroxyproline assay. The expression of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen specific molecular chaperone, was measured with RT-PCR and Western blot. Moreover, TGFbeta1 and its downstream Smad proteins were analyzed by Western blot.",
"AGEs level in rat lungs, as well as lung hydroxyproline content and Ashcroft score, was significantly enhanced by BLM stimulation, which was abrogated by AG treatment. BLM significantly increased the expression of HSP47 mRNA and protein in lung tissues, and AG treatment markedly decreased BLM-induced HSP47 expression in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In addition, AG dose-dependently downregulated BLM-stimulated overexpressions of TGFbeta1, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein in lung tissues."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic",
"Bleomycin",
"Blotting, Western",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Glycation End Products, Advanced",
"Guanidines",
"HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Hydroxyproline",
"Lung",
"Male",
"Pulmonary Fibrosis",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Signal Transduction",
"Smad2 Protein",
"Smad3 Protein",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta"
]
} | These findings suggest AGE formation may participate in the process of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and blockade of AGE formation by AG treatment attenuates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, which is implicated in inhibition of HSP47 expression and TGFbeta/Smads signaling. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does blockade of advanced glycation end product formation attenuate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been proposed to be involved in pulmonary fibrosis, but its role in this process has not been fully understood. To investigate the role of AGE formation in pulmonary fibrosis, we used a bleomycin (BLM)-stimulated rat model treated with aminoguanidine (AG), a crosslink inhibitor of AGE formation.', 'Rats were intratracheally instilled with BLM (5 mg/kg) and orally administered with AG (40, 80, 120 mg/kg) once daily for two weeks. AGEs level in lung tissue was determined by ELISA and pulmonary fibrosis was evaluated by Ashcroft score and hydroxyproline assay. The expression of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47), a collagen specific molecular chaperone, was measured with RT-PCR and Western blot. Moreover, TGFbeta1 and its downstream Smad proteins were analyzed by Western blot.', 'AGEs level in rat lungs, as well as lung hydroxyproline content and Ashcroft score, was significantly enhanced by BLM stimulation, which was abrogated by AG treatment. BLM significantly increased the expression of HSP47 mRNA and protein in lung tissues, and AG treatment markedly decreased BLM-induced HSP47 expression in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In addition, AG dose-dependently downregulated BLM-stimulated overexpressions of TGFbeta1, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein in lung tissues.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Bleomycin', 'Blotting, Western', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Glycation End Products, Advanced', 'Guanidines', 'HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hydroxyproline', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smad2 Protein', 'Smad3 Protein', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,552,804 | Does transcriptional profiling in response to terminal drought stress reveal differential responses along the wheat genome? | {
"contexts": [
"Water stress during grain filling has a marked effect on grain yield, leading to a reduced endosperm cell number and thus sink capacity to accumulate dry matter. The bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS), a Chinese Spring terminal deletion line (CS_5AL-10) and the durum wheat cultivar Creso were subjected to transcriptional profiling after exposure to mild and severe drought stress at the grain filling stage to find evidences of differential stress responses associated to different wheat genome regions.",
"The transcriptome analysis of Creso, CS and its deletion line revealed 8,552 non redundant probe sets with different expression levels, mainly due to the comparisons between the two species. The drought treatments modified the expression of 3,056 probe sets. Besides a set of genes showing a similar drought response in Creso and CS, cluster analysis revealed several drought response features that can be associated to the different genomic structure of Creso, CS and CS_5AL-10. Some drought-related genes were expressed at lower level (or not expressed) in Creso (which lacks the D genome) or in the CS_5AL-10 deletion line compared to CS. The chromosome location of a set of these genes was confirmed by PCR-based mapping on the D genome (or the 5AL-10 region). Many clusters were characterized by different level of expression in Creso, CS and CS_AL-10, suggesting that the different genome organization of the three genotypes may affect plant adaptation to stress. Clusters with similar expression trend were grouped and functional classified to mine the biological mean of their activation or repression. Genes involved in ABA, proline, glycine-betaine and sorbitol pathways were found up-regulated by drought stress. Furthermore, the enhanced expression of a set of transposons and retrotransposons was detected in CS_5AL-10."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Dehydration",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Plant",
"Genes, Plant",
"Genome, Plant",
"Genotype",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"RNA, Plant",
"Stress, Physiological",
"Triticum"
]
} | Bread and durum wheat genotypes were characterized by a different physiological reaction to water stress and by a substantially different molecular response. The genome organization accounted for differences in the expression level of hundreds of genes located on the D genome or controlled by regulators located on the D genome. When a genomic stress (deletion of a chromosomal region) was combined with low water availability, a molecular response based on the activation of transposons and retrotransposons was observed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does transcriptional profiling in response to terminal drought stress reveal differential responses along the wheat genome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Water stress during grain filling has a marked effect on grain yield, leading to a reduced endosperm cell number and thus sink capacity to accumulate dry matter. The bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS), a Chinese Spring terminal deletion line (CS_5AL-10) and the durum wheat cultivar Creso were subjected to transcriptional profiling after exposure to mild and severe drought stress at the grain filling stage to find evidences of differential stress responses associated to different wheat genome regions.', 'The transcriptome analysis of Creso, CS and its deletion line revealed 8,552 non redundant probe sets with different expression levels, mainly due to the comparisons between the two species. The drought treatments modified the expression of 3,056 probe sets. Besides a set of genes showing a similar drought response in Creso and CS, cluster analysis revealed several drought response features that can be associated to the different genomic structure of Creso, CS and CS_5AL-10. Some drought-related genes were expressed at lower level (or not expressed) in Creso (which lacks the D genome) or in the CS_5AL-10 deletion line compared to CS. The chromosome location of a set of these genes was confirmed by PCR-based mapping on the D genome (or the 5AL-10 region). Many clusters were characterized by different level of expression in Creso, CS and CS_AL-10, suggesting that the different genome organization of the three genotypes may affect plant adaptation to stress. Clusters with similar expression trend were grouped and functional classified to mine the biological mean of their activation or repression. Genes involved in ABA, proline, glycine-betaine and sorbitol pathways were found up-regulated by drought stress. Furthermore, the enhanced expression of a set of transposons and retrotransposons was detected in CS_5AL-10.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Dehydration', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Genome, Plant', 'Genotype', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'RNA, Plant', 'Stress, Physiological', 'Triticum']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,555,471 | Does brain classification reveal the right cerebellum as the best biomarker of dyslexia? | {
"contexts": [
"Developmental dyslexia is a specific cognitive disorder in reading acquisition that has genetic and neurological origins. Despite histological evidence for brain differences in dyslexia, we recently demonstrated that in large cohort of subjects, no differences between control and dyslexic readers can be found at the macroscopic level (MRI voxel), because of large variances in brain local volumes. In the present study, we aimed at finding brain areas that most discriminate dyslexic from control normal readers despite the large variance across subjects. After segmenting brain grey matter, normalizing brain size and shape and modulating the voxels' content, normal readers' brains were used to build a 'typical' brain via bootstrapped confidence intervals. Each dyslexic reader's brain was then classified independently at each voxel as being within or outside the normal range. We used this simple strategy to build a brain map showing regional percentages of differences between groups. The significance of this map was then assessed using a randomization technique.",
"The right cerebellar declive and the right lentiform nucleus were the two areas that significantly differed the most between groups with 100% of the dyslexic subjects (N = 38) falling outside of the control group (N = 39) 95% confidence interval boundaries. The clinical relevance of this result was assessed by inquiring cognitive brain-based differences among dyslexic brain subgroups in comparison to normal readers' performances. The strongest difference between dyslexic subgroups was observed between subjects with lower cerebellar declive (LCD) grey matter volumes than controls and subjects with higher cerebellar declive (HCD) grey matter volumes than controls. Dyslexic subjects with LCD volumes performed worse than subjects with HCD volumes in phonologically and lexicon related tasks. Furthermore, cerebellar and lentiform grey matter volumes interacted in dyslexic subjects, so that lower and higher lentiform grey matter volumes compared to controls differently modulated the phonological and lexical performances. Best performances (observed in controls) corresponded to an optimal value of grey matter and they dropped for higher or lower volumes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Brain Mapping",
"Cerebellum",
"Confidence Intervals",
"Dyslexia",
"Female",
"Functional Laterality",
"Humans",
"Imaging, Three-Dimensional",
"Linear Models",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Normal Distribution",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Young Adult"
]
} | These results provide evidence for the existence of various subtypes of dyslexia characterized by different brain phenotypes. In addition, behavioural analyses suggest that these brain phenotypes relate to different deficits of automatization of language-based processes such as grapheme/phoneme correspondence and/or rapid access to lexicon entries. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does brain classification reveal the right cerebellum as the best biomarker of dyslexia?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Developmental dyslexia is a specific cognitive disorder in reading acquisition that has genetic and neurological origins. Despite histological evidence for brain differences in dyslexia, we recently demonstrated that in large cohort of subjects, no differences between control and dyslexic readers can be found at the macroscopic level (MRI voxel), because of large variances in brain local volumes. In the present study, we aimed at finding brain areas that most discriminate dyslexic from control normal readers despite the large variance across subjects. After segmenting brain grey matter, normalizing brain size and shape and modulating the voxels' content, normal readers' brains were used to build a 'typical' brain via bootstrapped confidence intervals. Each dyslexic reader's brain was then classified independently at each voxel as being within or outside the normal range. We used this simple strategy to build a brain map showing regional percentages of differences between groups. The significance of this map was then assessed using a randomization technique.\", \"The right cerebellar declive and the right lentiform nucleus were the two areas that significantly differed the most between groups with 100% of the dyslexic subjects (N = 38) falling outside of the control group (N = 39) 95% confidence interval boundaries. The clinical relevance of this result was assessed by inquiring cognitive brain-based differences among dyslexic brain subgroups in comparison to normal readers' performances. The strongest difference between dyslexic subgroups was observed between subjects with lower cerebellar declive (LCD) grey matter volumes than controls and subjects with higher cerebellar declive (HCD) grey matter volumes than controls. Dyslexic subjects with LCD volumes performed worse than subjects with HCD volumes in phonologically and lexicon related tasks. Furthermore, cerebellar and lentiform grey matter volumes interacted in dyslexic subjects, so that lower and higher lentiform grey matter volumes compared to controls differently modulated the phonological and lexical performances. Best performances (observed in controls) corresponded to an optimal value of grey matter and they dropped for higher or lower volumes.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebellum', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Dyslexia', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Imaging, Three-Dimensional', 'Linear Models', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Normal Distribution', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,397 | Is increased frequency and compromised function of T regulatory cells in systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) related to a diminished CD69 and TGFbeta expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential in the control of tolerance. Evidence implicates Tregs in human autoimmune conditions. Here we investigated their role in systemic sclerosis (SSc).",
"Patients were subdivided as having limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc, n = 20) or diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc, n = 48). Further subdivision was made between early dcSSc (n = 24) and late dcSSc (n = 24) based upon the duration of disease. 26 controls were studied for comparison. CD3+ cells were isolated using FACS and subsequently studied for the expression of CD4, CD8, CD25, FoxP3, CD127, CD62L, GITR, CD69 using flow cytometry. T cell suppression assays were performed using sorted CD4CD25(high)CD127(-) and CD4CD25(low)CD127(high) and CD3(+) cells. Suppressive function was correlated with CD69 surface expression and TGFbeta secretion/expression. The frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD25(high)FoxP3(high)CD127(neg) T cells was highly increased in all SSc subgroups. Although the expression of CD25 and GITR was comparable between groups, expression of CD62L and CD69 was dramatically lower in SSc patients, which correlated with a diminished suppressive function. Co-incubation of Tregs from healthy donors with plasma from SSc patients fully abrogated suppressive activity. Activation of Tregs from healthy donors or SSc patients with PHA significantly up regulated CD69 expression that could be inhibited by SSc plasma."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Antigens, CD",
"Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte",
"CD3 Complex",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit",
"Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit",
"Lectins, C-Type",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Scleroderma, Systemic",
"T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta"
]
} | These results indicate that soluble factors in SSc plasma inhibit Treg function specifically that is associated with altered Treg CD69 and TGFbeta expression. These data suggest that a defective Treg function may underlie the immune dysfunction in systemic sclerosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is increased frequency and compromised function of T regulatory cells in systemic sclerosis ( SSc ) related to a diminished CD69 and TGFbeta expression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential in the control of tolerance. Evidence implicates Tregs in human autoimmune conditions. Here we investigated their role in systemic sclerosis (SSc).', 'Patients were subdivided as having limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc, n = 20) or diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc, n = 48). Further subdivision was made between early dcSSc (n = 24) and late dcSSc (n = 24) based upon the duration of disease. 26 controls were studied for comparison. CD3+ cells were isolated using FACS and subsequently studied for the expression of CD4, CD8, CD25, FoxP3, CD127, CD62L, GITR, CD69 using flow cytometry. T cell suppression assays were performed using sorted CD4CD25(high)CD127(-) and CD4CD25(low)CD127(high) and CD3(+) cells. Suppressive function was correlated with CD69 surface expression and TGFbeta secretion/expression. The frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD25(high)FoxP3(high)CD127(neg) T cells was highly increased in all SSc subgroups. Although the expression of CD25 and GITR was comparable between groups, expression of CD62L and CD69 was dramatically lower in SSc patients, which correlated with a diminished suppressive function. Co-incubation of Tregs from healthy donors with plasma from SSc patients fully abrogated suppressive activity. Activation of Tregs from healthy donors or SSc patients with PHA significantly up regulated CD69 expression that could be inhibited by SSc plasma.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'CD3 Complex', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Interleukin-7 Receptor alpha Subunit', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Scleroderma, Systemic', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,121 | Does dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity predict responsiveness to cognitive-behavioral therapy in schizophrenia? | {
"contexts": [
"Given the variable response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) when added to antipsychotic medication in psychosis and the evidence for a role of pretherapy level of frontal lobe-based cognitive function in responsiveness to CBT in other disorders, this study examined whether pretherapy brain activity associated with working memory neural network predicts clinical responsiveness to CBT in schizophrenia.",
"Fifty-two outpatients stable on medication with at least one distressing symptom of schizophrenia and willing to receive CBT in addition to their usual treatment and 20 healthy participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a parametric n-back task. Subsequently, 26 patients received CBT for psychosis (CBT+treatment-as-usual [TAU], 19 completers) for 6-8 months, and 26 continued with TAU alone (17 completers). Symptoms in both patient groups were assessed (blindly) at entry and follow-up.",
"The CBT+TAU and TAU-alone groups did not differ clinically or in performance at baseline. The CBT+TAU group showed significant improvement in relation to the TAU-alone group, which showed no change, at follow-up. Stronger dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity (within the normal range) and DLPFC-cerebellum connectivity during the highest memory load condition (2-back > 0-back) were associated with post-CBT clinical improvement."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antipsychotic Agents",
"Brain Mapping",
"Cerebellum",
"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Models, Statistical",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Oxygen",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prefrontal Cortex",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Schizophrenia",
"Schizophrenic Psychology",
"Young Adult"
]
} | DLPFC activity and its connectivity with the cerebellum predict responsiveness to CBT for psychosis in schizophrenia. These effects may be mediated by PFC-cerebellum contributions to executive processing. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity predict responsiveness to cognitive-behavioral therapy in schizophrenia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Given the variable response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) when added to antipsychotic medication in psychosis and the evidence for a role of pretherapy level of frontal lobe-based cognitive function in responsiveness to CBT in other disorders, this study examined whether pretherapy brain activity associated with working memory neural network predicts clinical responsiveness to CBT in schizophrenia.', 'Fifty-two outpatients stable on medication with at least one distressing symptom of schizophrenia and willing to receive CBT in addition to their usual treatment and 20 healthy participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a parametric n-back task. Subsequently, 26 patients received CBT for psychosis (CBT+treatment-as-usual [TAU], 19 completers) for 6-8 months, and 26 continued with TAU alone (17 completers). Symptoms in both patient groups were assessed (blindly) at entry and follow-up.', 'The CBT+TAU and TAU-alone groups did not differ clinically or in performance at baseline. The CBT+TAU group showed significant improvement in relation to the TAU-alone group, which showed no change, at follow-up. Stronger dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity (within the normal range) and DLPFC-cerebellum connectivity during the highest memory load condition (2-back > 0-back) were associated with post-CBT clinical improvement.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebellum', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Statistical', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Oxygen', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenic Psychology', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,122 | Is childhood sexual abuse associated with reduced gray matter volume in visual cortex of young women? | {
"contexts": [
"Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been associated with alterations in brain morphology using region of interest analyses that have focused on stress-sensitive target regions. This study was designed to ascertain the effects on gray matter volume (GMV) of exposure to CSA in healthy young adult college students selected based on exposure history regardless of psychiatric outcome. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) provided unbiased delineation of the most significantly affected brain regions.",
"High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets were obtained for 23 unmedicated female subjects with CSA and 14 healthy female control subjects of equivalent age and socioeconomic status with no history of trauma. Cortical surface-based analysis (FreeSurfer) was performed to verify VBM results.",
"Gray matter volume was reduced by 12.6% and 18.1% in right and left primary visual (V1) and visual association cortices of abused subjects. This reduction was directly related to duration of CSA before age 12. Gray matter volume of left and right V1 correlated with measure of visual memory (r = .353, p = .032 and r = .448, p = .005). Cortical surface-based analysis indicated that GMV of abused subjects was reduced in the left fusiform (p = .004), left middle occipital (p = .04), and right lingual (p = .002) gyri."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Brain Mapping",
"Child Abuse, Sexual",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Memory",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Visual Cortex",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Early visual experience exerts a strong influence on the developing mammalian visual cortex. Present findings indicate that exposure to CSA may also affect the development of this region and are apparent even in a population of subjects who are sufficiently healthy to matriculate. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is childhood sexual abuse associated with reduced gray matter volume in visual cortex of young women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been associated with alterations in brain morphology using region of interest analyses that have focused on stress-sensitive target regions. This study was designed to ascertain the effects on gray matter volume (GMV) of exposure to CSA in healthy young adult college students selected based on exposure history regardless of psychiatric outcome. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) provided unbiased delineation of the most significantly affected brain regions.', 'High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets were obtained for 23 unmedicated female subjects with CSA and 14 healthy female control subjects of equivalent age and socioeconomic status with no history of trauma. Cortical surface-based analysis (FreeSurfer) was performed to verify VBM results.', 'Gray matter volume was reduced by 12.6% and 18.1% in right and left primary visual (V1) and visual association cortices of abused subjects. This reduction was directly related to duration of CSA before age 12. Gray matter volume of left and right V1 correlated with measure of visual memory (r = .353, p = .032 and r = .448, p = .005). Cortical surface-based analysis indicated that GMV of abused subjects was reduced in the left fusiform (p = .004), left middle occipital (p = .04), and right lingual (p = .002) gyri.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Brain Mapping', 'Child Abuse, Sexual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Memory', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Visual Cortex', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,123 | Does ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation correlate with impulsivity in alcoholics? | {
"contexts": [
"Alcohol dependence is often associated with impulsivity, which may be correlated with dysfunction of the brain reward system. We explored whether functional brain activation during anticipation of incentive stimuli is associated with impulsiveness in detoxified alcoholics and healthy control subjects.",
"Nineteen detoxified male alcoholics and 19 age-matched healthy men participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a monetary incentive delay (MID) task, in which visual cues predicted that a rapid response to a subsequent target stimulus would either result in monetary gain, avoidance of monetary loss, or no consequence. Impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Version 10 (BIS-10).",
"Detoxified alcoholics showed reduced activation of the ventral striatum during anticipation of monetary gain relative to healthy control subjects. Low activation of the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate during gain anticipation was correlated with high impulsivity only in alcoholics, not in control subjects."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Affect",
"Alcoholism",
"Basal Ganglia",
"Brain Mapping",
"Gyrus Cinguli",
"Humans",
"Impulsive Behavior",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Psychomotor Performance",
"Reward"
]
} | This study suggests that reduced ventral striatal recruitment during anticipation of conventional rewards in alcoholics may be related to their increased impulsivity and indicate possibilities for enhanced treatment approaches in alcohol dependence. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation correlate with impulsivity in alcoholics?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Alcohol dependence is often associated with impulsivity, which may be correlated with dysfunction of the brain reward system. We explored whether functional brain activation during anticipation of incentive stimuli is associated with impulsiveness in detoxified alcoholics and healthy control subjects.', 'Nineteen detoxified male alcoholics and 19 age-matched healthy men participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a monetary incentive delay (MID) task, in which visual cues predicted that a rapid response to a subsequent target stimulus would either result in monetary gain, avoidance of monetary loss, or no consequence. Impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Version 10 (BIS-10).', 'Detoxified alcoholics showed reduced activation of the ventral striatum during anticipation of monetary gain relative to healthy control subjects. Low activation of the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate during gain anticipation was correlated with high impulsivity only in alcoholics, not in control subjects.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Affect', 'Alcoholism', 'Basal Ganglia', 'Brain Mapping', 'Gyrus Cinguli', 'Humans', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reward']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,402 | Do antigen-presenting cells represent targets for R5 HIV-1 infection in the first trimester pregnancy uterine mucosa? | {
"contexts": [
"During the first trimester of pregnancy, HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission is relatively rare despite the permissivity of placental cells to cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection. The placenta interacts directly with maternal uterine cells (decidual cells) but the physiological role of the decidua in the control of HIV-1 transmission and whether decidua could be a source of infected cells is unknown.",
"To answer to this question, decidual mononuclear cells were exposed to HIV-1 in vitro. Decidual cells were shown to be more susceptible to infection by an R5 HIV-1, as compared to an X4 HIV-1. Infected cells were identified by flow cytometry analysis. The results showed that CD14(+) cells were the main targets of HIV-1 infection in the decidua. These infected CD14(+) cells expressed DC-SIGN, CD11b, CD11c, the Fc gamma receptor CD16, CD32 and CD64, classical MHC class-I and class-II and maturation and activation molecules CD83, CD80 and CD86. The permissivity of decidual tissue was also evaluated by histoculture. Decidual tissue was not infected by X4 HIV-1 but was permissive to R5 HIV-1. Different profiles of infection were observed depending on tissue localization."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antigen-Presenting Cells",
"Decidua",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"HIV Infections",
"HIV-1",
"Humans",
"Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical",
"Lipopolysaccharide Receptors",
"Mucous Membrane",
"Phenotype",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Complications, Infectious",
"Pregnancy Trimester, First",
"Uterus"
]
} | The presence of HIV-1 target cells in the decidua in vitro and the low rate of in utero mother-to-child transmission during the first trimester of pregnancy suggest that a natural control occurs in vivo limiting cell-to-cell infection of the placenta and consequently infection of the fetus. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do antigen-presenting cells represent targets for R5 HIV-1 infection in the first trimester pregnancy uterine mucosa?\nContext: {'contexts': ['During the first trimester of pregnancy, HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission is relatively rare despite the permissivity of placental cells to cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection. The placenta interacts directly with maternal uterine cells (decidual cells) but the physiological role of the decidua in the control of HIV-1 transmission and whether decidua could be a source of infected cells is unknown.', 'To answer to this question, decidual mononuclear cells were exposed to HIV-1 in vitro. Decidual cells were shown to be more susceptible to infection by an R5 HIV-1, as compared to an X4 HIV-1. Infected cells were identified by flow cytometry analysis. The results showed that CD14(+) cells were the main targets of HIV-1 infection in the decidua. These infected CD14(+) cells expressed DC-SIGN, CD11b, CD11c, the Fc gamma receptor CD16, CD32 and CD64, classical MHC class-I and class-II and maturation and activation molecules CD83, CD80 and CD86. The permissivity of decidual tissue was also evaluated by histoculture. Decidual tissue was not infected by X4 HIV-1 but was permissive to R5 HIV-1. Different profiles of infection were observed depending on tissue localization.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antigen-Presenting Cells', 'Decidua', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical', 'Lipopolysaccharide Receptors', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Phenotype', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Complications, Infectious', 'Pregnancy Trimester, First', 'Uterus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,552,696 | Does duffy antigen expression on reticulocytes alter following blood loss in an autologous donation model? | {
"contexts": [
"The Duffy blood group (Fy) antigen functions as the receptor whereby the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax invades reticulocytes. In this study, we evaluated an autologous blood donation model to measure Fy expression during the anticipated response to blood loss.",
"This study aims to examine Fy expression following anticipated reticulocytosis in response to blood loss from autologous whole blood donation.",
"Subjects were healthy blood donors presenting for planned collection of two or three autologous units. Whole blood (450 ml +/- 10%) was collected and processed. Blood samples for Fy testing were obtained from the donations. These were assayed by flow cytometry by measuring binding of a phycoerythrin-labelled anti-Fy6 antibody and compared against reticulocyte numbers. Reticulocyte numbers were measured using thiazole orange. Results were compared from baseline (first donation) with samples at second and, if available, third, donations. Phenotyping for Fy a and b antigens was performed.",
"Reticulocytes increased by a mean of 37% over baseline [0.93% (range 0.31-1.93) to 1.23% (0.32-3.51%)] following donation of two (n = 32) or three (n = 9) autologous whole blood units. Absolute reticulocyte count remained low. Mean and median Fy expression on mature red blood cells and reticulocytes did not change from baseline levels despite individual variation. No apparent relationship to serologically determined Fy a and/or b antigen status was present."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anemia",
"Blood Donors",
"Blood Transfusion, Autologous",
"Disease Susceptibility",
"Duffy Blood-Group System",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Malaria, Vivax",
"Male",
"Receptors, Cell Surface",
"Reticulocytes",
"Reticulocytosis"
]
} | Baseline expression of Fy antigen on mature red blood cells and reticulocytes is quite variable between individuals, but appears not to be greatly affected by mild to moderate reticulocytosis following blood loss in an autologous blood donation model. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does duffy antigen expression on reticulocytes alter following blood loss in an autologous donation model?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The Duffy blood group (Fy) antigen functions as the receptor whereby the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax invades reticulocytes. In this study, we evaluated an autologous blood donation model to measure Fy expression during the anticipated response to blood loss.', 'This study aims to examine Fy expression following anticipated reticulocytosis in response to blood loss from autologous whole blood donation.', 'Subjects were healthy blood donors presenting for planned collection of two or three autologous units. Whole blood (450 ml +/- 10%) was collected and processed. Blood samples for Fy testing were obtained from the donations. These were assayed by flow cytometry by measuring binding of a phycoerythrin-labelled anti-Fy6 antibody and compared against reticulocyte numbers. Reticulocyte numbers were measured using thiazole orange. Results were compared from baseline (first donation) with samples at second and, if available, third, donations. Phenotyping for Fy a and b antigens was performed.', 'Reticulocytes increased by a mean of 37% over baseline [0.93% (range 0.31-1.93) to 1.23% (0.32-3.51%)] following donation of two (n = 32) or three (n = 9) autologous whole blood units. Absolute reticulocyte count remained low. Mean and median Fy expression on mature red blood cells and reticulocytes did not change from baseline levels despite individual variation. No apparent relationship to serologically determined Fy a and/or b antigen status was present.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anemia', 'Blood Donors', 'Blood Transfusion, Autologous', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Duffy Blood-Group System', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Malaria, Vivax', 'Male', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Reticulocytes', 'Reticulocytosis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,552,690 | Does silibinin prevent amyloid beta peptide-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Accumulated evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in amyloid beta (Abeta)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Silibinin (silybin), a flavonoid derived from the herb milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been shown to have antioxidative properties; however, it remains unclear whether silibinin improves Abeta-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, we examined the effect of silibinin on the memory impairment and accumulation of oxidative stress induced by Abeta(25-35) in mice.",
"Aggregated Abeta(25-35) (3 nmol) was intracerebroventricularly administered to mice. Treatment with silibinin (2, 20 and 200 mg.kg(-1), once a day, p.o.) was started immediately after the injection of Abeta(25-35). Locomotor activity was evaluated 6 days after the Abeta(25-35) treatment, and cognitive function was evaluated in a Y-maze and novel object recognition tests 6-11 days after the Abeta(25-35) treatment. The levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (glutathione) in the hippocampus were measured 7 days after the Abeta(25-35) injection.",
"Silibinin prevented the memory impairment induced by Abeta(25-35) in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Repeated treatment with silibinin attenuated the Abeta(25-35)-induced accumulation of malondialdehyde and depletion of glutathione in the hippocampus."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alzheimer Disease",
"Amyloid beta-Peptides",
"Animals",
"Exploratory Behavior",
"Glutathione",
"Hippocampus",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Male",
"Malondialdehyde",
"Maze Learning",
"Memory Disorders",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred ICR",
"Motor Activity",
"Neuroprotective Agents",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Peptide Fragments",
"Recognition (Psychology)",
"Silybin",
"Silymarin"
]
} | Silibinin prevents memory impairment and oxidative damage induced by Abeta(25-35) and may be a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does silibinin prevent amyloid beta peptide-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Accumulated evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in amyloid beta (Abeta)-induced cognitive dysfunction. Silibinin (silybin), a flavonoid derived from the herb milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has been shown to have antioxidative properties; however, it remains unclear whether silibinin improves Abeta-induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, we examined the effect of silibinin on the memory impairment and accumulation of oxidative stress induced by Abeta(25-35) in mice.', 'Aggregated Abeta(25-35) (3 nmol) was intracerebroventricularly administered to mice. Treatment with silibinin (2, 20 and 200 mg.kg(-1), once a day, p.o.) was started immediately after the injection of Abeta(25-35). Locomotor activity was evaluated 6 days after the Abeta(25-35) treatment, and cognitive function was evaluated in a Y-maze and novel object recognition tests 6-11 days after the Abeta(25-35) treatment. The levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (glutathione) in the hippocampus were measured 7 days after the Abeta(25-35) injection.', 'Silibinin prevented the memory impairment induced by Abeta(25-35) in the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests. Repeated treatment with silibinin attenuated the Abeta(25-35)-induced accumulation of malondialdehyde and depletion of glutathione in the hippocampus.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Exploratory Behavior', 'Glutathione', 'Hippocampus', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Maze Learning', 'Memory Disorders', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred ICR', 'Motor Activity', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Recognition (Psychology)', 'Silybin', 'Silymarin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,025 | Do magnetic resonance investigations in Brugada syndrome reveal unexpectedly high rate of structural abnormalities? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent data suggest that sub-clinical structural abnormalities may be part of the Brugada syndrome (BrS) phenotype, a disease traditionally thought to occur in the structurally normal heart. In this study, we carried out detailed assessment of cardiac morphology and function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI).",
"Thirty consecutive patients with BrS were compared with 30 sex- (26/4 male/female), body surface area- (+/-0.2 m(2)), and age-matched (+/-5 years) normal volunteers. CMRI exam included long- and short-axis ECG-gated breath-hold morphological T1-TSE sequences for fatty infiltration and cine-SSFP sequences for kinetic assessment. Fatty infiltration was not found in any subject. Patients with BrS compared with normal subjects showed higher incidence of mild right ventricle (RV) wall-motion abnormalities [15 (50%) vs. 5 (17%) subjects (P = 0.006) with reduced radial fractional shortening in more than two segments], reduction of outflow tract ejection fraction (49 +/- 11% vs. 55 +/- 10%; P = 0.032), enlargement of the inflow tract diameter (46 +/- 4 vs. 41 +/- 5 mm, P < 0.001 in short-axis; 46 +/- 4 vs. 42 +/- 5 mm, P = 0.001 in four-chamber long-axis view) and area (22 +/- 2 vs. 20 +/- 3 cm(2); P = 0.050), and of global RV end-systolic volume (34 +/- 10 vs. 30 +/- 6 mL/m(2); P = 0.031) but comparable outflow tract dimensions, global RV end-diastolic volume, left ventricle parameters, and atria areas."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Brugada Syndrome",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Death, Sudden, Cardiac",
"Female",
"Heart Ventricles",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Angiography",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Stroke Volume",
"Young Adult"
]
} | CMRI detects a high prevalence of mild structural changes of the RV, and suggests further pathophysiological complexity in BrS. Prospective studies to assess the long-term evolution of such abnormalities are warranted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do magnetic resonance investigations in Brugada syndrome reveal unexpectedly high rate of structural abnormalities?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recent data suggest that sub-clinical structural abnormalities may be part of the Brugada syndrome (BrS) phenotype, a disease traditionally thought to occur in the structurally normal heart. In this study, we carried out detailed assessment of cardiac morphology and function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI).', 'Thirty consecutive patients with BrS were compared with 30 sex- (26/4 male/female), body surface area- (+/-0.2 m(2)), and age-matched (+/-5 years) normal volunteers. CMRI exam included long- and short-axis ECG-gated breath-hold morphological T1-TSE sequences for fatty infiltration and cine-SSFP sequences for kinetic assessment. Fatty infiltration was not found in any subject. Patients with BrS compared with normal subjects showed higher incidence of mild right ventricle (RV) wall-motion abnormalities [15 (50%) vs. 5 (17%) subjects (P = 0.006) with reduced radial fractional shortening in more than two segments], reduction of outflow tract ejection fraction (49 +/- 11% vs. 55 +/- 10%; P = 0.032), enlargement of the inflow tract diameter (46 +/- 4 vs. 41 +/- 5 mm, P < 0.001 in short-axis; 46 +/- 4 vs. 42 +/- 5 mm, P = 0.001 in four-chamber long-axis view) and area (22 +/- 2 vs. 20 +/- 3 cm(2); P = 0.050), and of global RV end-systolic volume (34 +/- 10 vs. 30 +/- 6 mL/m(2); P = 0.031) but comparable outflow tract dimensions, global RV end-diastolic volume, left ventricle parameters, and atria areas.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Brugada Syndrome', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Stroke Volume', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,541,671 | Does serotonin enhance platelet procoagulant properties and their activation induced during platelet tissue factor uptake? | {
"contexts": [
"Circulating tissue factor (TF) has been linked to thrombus propagation. Our group demonstrated that platelets possess mechanisms to capture TF-rich microvesicles (TF-MVs). Serotonin facilitates the development of platelets with increased procoagulant activity. An enhanced platelet serotonin uptake has been identified with increased cardiovascular risk. We have investigated the involvement of serotonergic mechanisms facilitating the interaction of human platelets with TF-MVs. Inhibitory strategies aimed at blocking serotonin and coagulation mechanisms were also studied.",
"Standard aggregometry, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and thrombin generation assays were performed. TF-MVs induced platelet aggregation in heparinized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) samples; this aggregation was further accelerated by serotonin. In washed platelets, serotonin enhanced platelet aggregation to TF-MVs with a maximum peak of 55.9 +/- 1.8 vs. 48.7 +/- 2.1% (P < 0.05). Inhibitory strategies with a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor and with lepirudin decreased these aggregations. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that serotonin induced platelet pseudopodia formation, thus facilitating the engulfment of TF-MVs. In general, serotonin significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) thrombin generation and the expression of activation markers and procoagulant activity in platelets measured for TF-MVs alone."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anticoagulants",
"Biological Transport",
"Blood Coagulation",
"Blood Platelets",
"Cell-Derived Microparticles",
"Citalopram",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Hirudins",
"Humans",
"Platelet Aggregation",
"Platelet Function Tests",
"Pseudopodia",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Serotonin",
"Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors",
"Thrombin",
"Thromboplastin",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Serotonin enhances the interaction of platelets with TF-MVs, increases platelet activation, and potentiates their overall procoagulant activity. The present results could have significant implications in thrombus formation and in the thrombogenic profile of pathological situations with increased cardiovascular risk. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does serotonin enhance platelet procoagulant properties and their activation induced during platelet tissue factor uptake?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Circulating tissue factor (TF) has been linked to thrombus propagation. Our group demonstrated that platelets possess mechanisms to capture TF-rich microvesicles (TF-MVs). Serotonin facilitates the development of platelets with increased procoagulant activity. An enhanced platelet serotonin uptake has been identified with increased cardiovascular risk. We have investigated the involvement of serotonergic mechanisms facilitating the interaction of human platelets with TF-MVs. Inhibitory strategies aimed at blocking serotonin and coagulation mechanisms were also studied.', 'Standard aggregometry, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and thrombin generation assays were performed. TF-MVs induced platelet aggregation in heparinized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) samples; this aggregation was further accelerated by serotonin. In washed platelets, serotonin enhanced platelet aggregation to TF-MVs with a maximum peak of 55.9 +/- 1.8 vs. 48.7 +/- 2.1% (P < 0.05). Inhibitory strategies with a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor and with lepirudin decreased these aggregations. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that serotonin induced platelet pseudopodia formation, thus facilitating the engulfment of TF-MVs. In general, serotonin significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) thrombin generation and the expression of activation markers and procoagulant activity in platelets measured for TF-MVs alone.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anticoagulants', 'Biological Transport', 'Blood Coagulation', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cell-Derived Microparticles', 'Citalopram', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Hirudins', 'Humans', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Platelet Function Tests', 'Pseudopodia', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors', 'Thrombin', 'Thromboplastin', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,272 | Is cytoglobin upregulated by tumour hypoxia and silenced by promoter hypermethylation in head and neck cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytoglobin (Cygb) was first described in 2002 as an intracellular globin of unknown function. We have previously shown the downregulation of cytoglobin as a key event in a familial cancer syndrome of the upper aerodigestive tract.",
"Cytoglobin expression and promoter methylation were investigated in sporadic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using a cross-section of clinical samples. Additionally, the putative mechanisms of Cygb expression in cancer were explored by subjecting HNSCC cell lines to hypoxic culture conditions and 5-aza-2-deoxycitidine treatment.",
"In clinically derived HNSCC samples, CYGB mRNA expression showed a striking correlation with tumour hypoxia (measured by HIF1A mRNA expression P=0.013) and consistent associations with histopathological measures of tumour aggression. CYGB expression also showed a marked negative correlation with promoter methylation (P=0.018). In the HNSCC cell lines cultured under hypoxic conditions, a trend of increasing expression of both CYGB and HIF1A with progressive hypoxia was observed. Treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycitidine dramatically increased CYGB expression in those cell lines with greater baseline promoter methylation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Cell Hypoxia",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cytoglobin",
"DNA Methylation",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Gene Silencing",
"Globins",
"HeLa Cells",
"Humans",
"Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit",
"Mouth Neoplasms",
"Oropharyngeal Neoplasms",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | We conclude that the CYGB gene is regulated by both promoter methylation and tumour hypoxia in HNSCC and that increased expression of this gene correlates with clincopathological measures of a tumour's biological aggression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cytoglobin upregulated by tumour hypoxia and silenced by promoter hypermethylation in head and neck cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cytoglobin (Cygb) was first described in 2002 as an intracellular globin of unknown function. We have previously shown the downregulation of cytoglobin as a key event in a familial cancer syndrome of the upper aerodigestive tract.', 'Cytoglobin expression and promoter methylation were investigated in sporadic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using a cross-section of clinical samples. Additionally, the putative mechanisms of Cygb expression in cancer were explored by subjecting HNSCC cell lines to hypoxic culture conditions and 5-aza-2-deoxycitidine treatment.', 'In clinically derived HNSCC samples, CYGB mRNA expression showed a striking correlation with tumour hypoxia (measured by HIF1A mRNA expression P=0.013) and consistent associations with histopathological measures of tumour aggression. CYGB expression also showed a marked negative correlation with promoter methylation (P=0.018). In the HNSCC cell lines cultured under hypoxic conditions, a trend of increasing expression of both CYGB and HIF1A with progressive hypoxia was observed. Treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycitidine dramatically increased CYGB expression in those cell lines with greater baseline promoter methylation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cytoglobin', 'DNA Methylation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Silencing', 'Globins', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit', 'Mouth Neoplasms', 'Oropharyngeal Neoplasms', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,924 | Do longitudinal changes of serum COMP and urinary CTX-II predict X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis severity and stiffness in women? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain the predictive role of longitudinally acquired biochemical measures of cartilage turnover in relation to X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis (OAK), knee pain and functioning.",
"This is a feasibility study based on 72 enrollees of the Michigan site of Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a longitudinal, population-based cohort study with 11 annual visits to characterize health at the mid-life. At visits in 1996, 1998 and 2007, radiographs were evaluated for the presence of OAK [>or=2 on the Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) scale]. Knee pain and stiffness were assessed by interview. Functioning was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and Type II collagen telopeptides (CTX-II) were assayed in serum and urine samples collected on alternate years from 1997 to 2006. We related trajectories of the cartilage biochemical markers from these five time points to OAK severity (no OAK, K-L score<2; mild OAK, K-L score=2; moderate/severe OAK, K-L score=3 or 4), pain, stiffness, or functioning, using longitudinal non-linear mixed modeling.",
"The 2007 prevalence of X-ray defined OAK was 50% in these 72 women. Upward trajectories of COMP (P=0.02) and CTX-II (P=0.006) were associated with increased OAK severity and body size. COMP trajectories were associated with pain and stiffness, but not functioning. CTX-II trajectories were associated with stiffness scores, but not knee pain or functioning scores."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomarkers",
"Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein",
"Cartilage, Articular",
"Extracellular Matrix Proteins",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Female",
"Glycoproteins",
"Humans",
"Knee Joint",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Matrilin Proteins",
"Menopause",
"Michigan",
"Middle Aged",
"Osteoarthritis, Knee",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Radiography"
]
} | Multiple, biennial measures of COMP or CTX-II taken over a 10-year period were predictive of subsequent OAK and knee stiffness. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do longitudinal changes of serum COMP and urinary CTX-II predict X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis severity and stiffness in women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To ascertain the predictive role of longitudinally acquired biochemical measures of cartilage turnover in relation to X-ray defined knee osteoarthritis (OAK), knee pain and functioning.', \"This is a feasibility study based on 72 enrollees of the Michigan site of Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), a longitudinal, population-based cohort study with 11 annual visits to characterize health at the mid-life. At visits in 1996, 1998 and 2007, radiographs were evaluated for the presence of OAK [>or=2 on the Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) scale]. Knee pain and stiffness were assessed by interview. Functioning was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and Type II collagen telopeptides (CTX-II) were assayed in serum and urine samples collected on alternate years from 1997 to 2006. We related trajectories of the cartilage biochemical markers from these five time points to OAK severity (no OAK, K-L score<2; mild OAK, K-L score=2; moderate/severe OAK, K-L score=3 or 4), pain, stiffness, or functioning, using longitudinal non-linear mixed modeling.\", 'The 2007 prevalence of X-ray defined OAK was 50% in these 72 women. Upward trajectories of COMP (P=0.02) and CTX-II (P=0.006) were associated with increased OAK severity and body size. COMP trajectories were associated with pain and stiffness, but not functioning. CTX-II trajectories were associated with stiffness scores, but not knee pain or functioning scores.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomarkers', 'Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Extracellular Matrix Proteins', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Glycoproteins', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Matrilin Proteins', 'Menopause', 'Michigan', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Radiography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,554,651 | Does pluronic L-81 ameliorate diabetic symptoms in db/db mice through transcriptional regulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein? | {
"contexts": [
"To test whether oral L-81 treatment could improve the condition of mice with diabetes and to investigate how L-81 regulates microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity in the liver.",
"Genetically diabetic (db/db) mice were fed on chow supplemented with or without L-81 for 4 wk. The body weight, plasma glucose level, plasma lipid profile, and adipocyte volume of the db/db mice were assessed after treatment. Toxicity of L-81 was also evaluated. To understand the molecular mechanism, HepG2 cells were treated with L-81 and the effects on apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretion and mRNA level of the MTP gene were assessed.",
"Treatment of db/db mice with L-81 significantly reduced and nearly normalized their body weight, hyperphagia and polydipsia. L-81 also markedly decreased the fasting plasma glucose level, improved glucose tolerance, and attenuated the elevated levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride. At the effective dosage, little toxicity was observed. Treatment of HepG2 cells with L-81 not only inhibited apoB secretion, but also significantly decreased the mRNA level of the MTP gene. Similar to the action of insulin, L-81 exerted its effect on the MTP promoter."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Carrier Proteins",
"Cell Line",
"Cholesterol",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental",
"Drinking",
"Eating",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Hypoglycemic Agents",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Poloxamer",
"Rosiglitazone",
"Surface-Active Agents",
"Thiazolidinediones",
"Triglycerides",
"Weight Loss"
]
} | L-81 represents a promising candidate in the development of a selective insulin-mimetic molecule and an anti-diabetic agent. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pluronic L-81 ameliorate diabetic symptoms in db/db mice through transcriptional regulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To test whether oral L-81 treatment could improve the condition of mice with diabetes and to investigate how L-81 regulates microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity in the liver.', 'Genetically diabetic (db/db) mice were fed on chow supplemented with or without L-81 for 4 wk. The body weight, plasma glucose level, plasma lipid profile, and adipocyte volume of the db/db mice were assessed after treatment. Toxicity of L-81 was also evaluated. To understand the molecular mechanism, HepG2 cells were treated with L-81 and the effects on apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretion and mRNA level of the MTP gene were assessed.', 'Treatment of db/db mice with L-81 significantly reduced and nearly normalized their body weight, hyperphagia and polydipsia. L-81 also markedly decreased the fasting plasma glucose level, improved glucose tolerance, and attenuated the elevated levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride. At the effective dosage, little toxicity was observed. Treatment of HepG2 cells with L-81 not only inhibited apoB secretion, but also significantly decreased the mRNA level of the MTP gene. Similar to the action of insulin, L-81 exerted its effect on the MTP promoter.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Line', 'Cholesterol', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Drinking', 'Eating', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Poloxamer', 'Rosiglitazone', 'Surface-Active Agents', 'Thiazolidinediones', 'Triglycerides', 'Weight Loss']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,835 | Is serum REG4 level a predictive biomarker for the response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is one of the key strategies for the improvement of survival in pancreatic cancer; however, no method to predict the response has yet been established. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of REG4, a new member of the regenerating (REG) islet-derived family of proteins.",
"Stably REG4-expressing cells were established from a pancreatic cancer cell line and exposed in vitro to gamma-ray or gemcitabine to investigate the relevance of REG4 to the resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In 23 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, the serum concentration of REG4 was measured before preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and the histologic response was evaluated after the surgery.",
"A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence activated cell scanning (FACS) revealed that REG4-overexpressing cells were resistant to gamma-radiation but showed a modest resistance to gemcitabine. The patients with a higher REG4 level, but not carcinoembryonic antigen or CA-19-9, showed an unfavorable histologic response to chemoradiotherapy (Spearman, rho = 0.439, P = 0.039). The patients showing a higher REG4 level experienced local recurrence postoperatively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Survival",
"Chemotherapy, Adjuvant",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Deoxycytidine",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Gamma Rays",
"Humans",
"Lectins, C-Type",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pancreatectomy",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Radiotherapy, Adjuvant",
"Transfection"
]
} | These data demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that REG4 protein overexpression was associated with an unfavorable response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. REG4 can clinically be used as a predictive biomarker. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is serum REG4 level a predictive biomarker for the response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is one of the key strategies for the improvement of survival in pancreatic cancer; however, no method to predict the response has yet been established. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the predictive value of REG4, a new member of the regenerating (REG) islet-derived family of proteins.', 'Stably REG4-expressing cells were established from a pancreatic cancer cell line and exposed in vitro to gamma-ray or gemcitabine to investigate the relevance of REG4 to the resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In 23 patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, the serum concentration of REG4 was measured before preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and the histologic response was evaluated after the surgery.', 'A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence activated cell scanning (FACS) revealed that REG4-overexpressing cells were resistant to gamma-radiation but showed a modest resistance to gemcitabine. The patients with a higher REG4 level, but not carcinoembryonic antigen or CA-19-9, showed an unfavorable histologic response to chemoradiotherapy (Spearman, rho = 0.439, P = 0.039). The patients showing a higher REG4 level experienced local recurrence postoperatively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Deoxycytidine', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Gamma Rays', 'Humans', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatectomy', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Radiotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Transfection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,839 | Does protocol for management of imported pediatric malaria decrease time to medication administration? | {
"contexts": [
"A malaria management protocol was developed and implemented at a tertiary care children's hospital in September 1999. We retrospectively evaluated children admitted with malaria 10-years preimplementation and 7-years postimplementation to determine the impact the protocol had on management and time delay to appropriate antimalarial therapy.",
"This before and after study compared all admissions with the discharge diagnosis of malaria in the study period. Retrospective chart review was used to determine the time from emergency department (ED) registration to administration of antimalarial treatment. Other outcomes measured included mortality, length of hospital stay, and intensive care unit admission.",
"Fifty-eight admissions were identified during the defined period, most of which were due to Plasmodium falciparum[r] malaria. Thirty-one (53.4%) cases were before implementation of the protocol. Children were more likely to receive appropriate investigations to assess for possible severe malaria before transfer from the ED to the ward after protocol implementation (18% vs. 63%, P = 0.005). Analysis of index cases of malaria, excluding patients diagnosed after the diagnosis of a sibling, showed there was a significant reduction in time to medication administration (8 vs. 5.5 hours, P = 0.036)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antimalarials",
"Case Management",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Emigrants and Immigrants",
"Female",
"Hospitals, Pediatric",
"Humans",
"Length of Stay",
"Malaria",
"Male",
"Time Factors",
"Travel"
]
} | After broad-based implementation of a malaria treatment protocol in a pediatric hospital, children received more thorough investigations, were more likely to receive therapy before leaving the ED and had a shorter delay before receiving appropriate antimalarial therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does protocol for management of imported pediatric malaria decrease time to medication administration?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"A malaria management protocol was developed and implemented at a tertiary care children's hospital in September 1999. We retrospectively evaluated children admitted with malaria 10-years preimplementation and 7-years postimplementation to determine the impact the protocol had on management and time delay to appropriate antimalarial therapy.\", 'This before and after study compared all admissions with the discharge diagnosis of malaria in the study period. Retrospective chart review was used to determine the time from emergency department (ED) registration to administration of antimalarial treatment. Other outcomes measured included mortality, length of hospital stay, and intensive care unit admission.', 'Fifty-eight admissions were identified during the defined period, most of which were due to Plasmodium falciparum[r] malaria. Thirty-one (53.4%) cases were before implementation of the protocol. Children were more likely to receive appropriate investigations to assess for possible severe malaria before transfer from the ED to the ward after protocol implementation (18% vs. 63%, P = 0.005). Analysis of index cases of malaria, excluding patients diagnosed after the diagnosis of a sibling, showed there was a significant reduction in time to medication administration (8 vs. 5.5 hours, P = 0.036).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antimalarials', 'Case Management', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Emigrants and Immigrants', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Pediatric', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Malaria', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Travel']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,716 | Does concordance of family and staff member report about end of life in assisted living and nursing homes? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify differences in perspectives that may complicate the process of joint decision making at the end of life, this study determined the agreement of family and staff perspectives about end-of-life experiences in nursing homes and residential care/assisted living communities and whether family and staff roles, involvement in care, and interaction are associated with such agreement.",
"This cross-sectional study examined agreement in 336 family-staff pairs of postdeath telephone interviews conducted as part of the Collaborative Studies of Long-Term Care. Eligible deaths occurred in or within 3 days of leaving one of a stratified random sample of 113 long-term care facilities in four states and after the resident had lived in the facility (3)15 days of the last month of life. McNemar p values and kappas were determined for each concordance variable, and mixed logistic models were run.",
"Chance-adjusted family-staff agreement was poor for expectation of death within weeks (66.9% agreement, kappa = .33), course of illness (62.9%, 0.18), symptom burden (59.6%, 0.18), and familiarity with resident's physician (59.2%, 0.05). Staff were more likely than family to expect death (70.2% vs 51.5%, p < .001) and less likely to report low symptom burden (39.6% vs 46.6%, p = .07). Staff involvement in care related to concordance and perspectives of adult children were more similar to those of staff than were other types of family members."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Attitude of Health Personnel",
"Caregivers",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Family",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Long-Term Care",
"Male",
"Nursing Homes",
"Quality of Health Care",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"United States"
]
} | Family and staff perspectives about end-of-life experiences may differ substantially; efforts can be made to improve family-staff communication and interaction for joint decision making. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does concordance of family and staff member report about end of life in assisted living and nursing homes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To identify differences in perspectives that may complicate the process of joint decision making at the end of life, this study determined the agreement of family and staff perspectives about end-of-life experiences in nursing homes and residential care/assisted living communities and whether family and staff roles, involvement in care, and interaction are associated with such agreement.', 'This cross-sectional study examined agreement in 336 family-staff pairs of postdeath telephone interviews conducted as part of the Collaborative Studies of Long-Term Care. Eligible deaths occurred in or within 3 days of leaving one of a stratified random sample of 113 long-term care facilities in four states and after the resident had lived in the facility (3)15 days of the last month of life. McNemar p values and kappas were determined for each concordance variable, and mixed logistic models were run.', \"Chance-adjusted family-staff agreement was poor for expectation of death within weeks (66.9% agreement, kappa = .33), course of illness (62.9%, 0.18), symptom burden (59.6%, 0.18), and familiarity with resident's physician (59.2%, 0.05). Staff were more likely than family to expect death (70.2% vs 51.5%, p < .001) and less likely to report low symptom burden (39.6% vs 46.6%, p = .07). Staff involvement in care related to concordance and perspectives of adult children were more similar to those of staff than were other types of family members.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged, 80 and over', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Caregivers', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Family', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Long-Term Care', 'Male', 'Nursing Homes', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,512 | Are clinical Neonatal Seizures Independently Associated with Outcome in Infants at Risk for Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether neonatal seizures are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxia-ischemia independent of the presence and severity of brain injury seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).",
"We used multivariate regression to examine the independent effect of clinical neonatal seizures and their treatment on neurodevelopment in 77 term newborns at risk for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Clinical seizures were recorded prospectively, and high-resolution newborn MRI measured the severity of brain injury. The outcome measure was the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised and neuromotor score at age 4 years.",
"After controlling for severity of injury on MRI, the children with neonatal seizures had worse motor and cognitive outcomes compared with those without seizures. The magnitude of effect varied with seizure severity; children with severe seizures had a lower FSIQ than those with mild/moderate seizures (P < .0001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Asphyxia Neonatorum",
"Brain Injuries",
"Causality",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Comorbidity",
"Developmental Disabilities",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Motor Skills Disorders",
"Prospective Studies",
"Psychological Tests",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Seizures",
"Severity of Illness Index"
]
} | Clinical neonatal seizures in the setting of birth asphyxia are associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcome, independent of the severity of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether differences in seizure treatment can improve outcome. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are clinical Neonatal Seizures Independently Associated with Outcome in Infants at Risk for Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine whether neonatal seizures are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxia-ischemia independent of the presence and severity of brain injury seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).', 'We used multivariate regression to examine the independent effect of clinical neonatal seizures and their treatment on neurodevelopment in 77 term newborns at risk for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Clinical seizures were recorded prospectively, and high-resolution newborn MRI measured the severity of brain injury. The outcome measure was the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised and neuromotor score at age 4 years.', 'After controlling for severity of injury on MRI, the children with neonatal seizures had worse motor and cognitive outcomes compared with those without seizures. The magnitude of effect varied with seizure severity; children with severe seizures had a lower FSIQ than those with mild/moderate seizures (P < .0001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Asphyxia Neonatorum', 'Brain Injuries', 'Causality', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Comorbidity', 'Developmental Disabilities', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Motor Skills Disorders', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychological Tests', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Seizures', 'Severity of Illness Index']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,497 | Is plasma angiopoietin-like protein 3 ( ANGPTL3 ) concentration associated with uremic dyslipidemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiopoietin-like protein 3, a liver-derived plasma protein, increases plasma triglycerides (TG) in mice by suppressing the activity of lipoprotein lipase, a key enzyme in plasma TG clearance. Uremic dyslipidemia is characterized by increased TG-rich lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and TG-enrichment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL. Since the role of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) in uremic dyslipidemia is unknown, we examined its possible association with the lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).",
"The subjects were 202 hemodialysis patients, 44 predialysis patients with CRF and 148 healthy control subjects comparable in age and sex. Fasting plasma ANGPTL3 was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and lipoproteins were fractioned by ultracentrifugation.",
"Median (25th-75th percentile range) ANGPTL3 levels were 523 (409-645) and 393 (308-511)ng/mL in hemodialysis and predialysis patients, respectively, which were significantly lower than the control level of 700 (570-875)ng/mL. In the total subjects, ANGPTL3 was inversely correlated with VLDL- and IDL-cholesterol levels, and positively with HDL-cholesterol. ANGPTL3 correlated inversely with TG/cholesterol ratios of both LDL and HDL. In multiple regression models, these associations, excluding TG/cholesterol ratio of LDL, remained significant and independent of possible confounders including age, sex, body mass index, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and adiponectin, whereas the associations of ANGPTL3 with the lipoprotein parameters were less significant when apoC-II/C-III ratio was included in the models."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiopoietin-like Proteins",
"Angiopoietins",
"Biomarkers",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Down-Regulation",
"Dyslipidemias",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Lipoproteins",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Regression Analysis",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Ultracentrifugation",
"Uremia"
]
} | The reduced ANGPTL3 level in hemodialysis patients was consistently associated with the major components of uremic dyslipidemia. ANGPTL3 may be a novel factor contributing to uremic dyslipidemia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is plasma angiopoietin-like protein 3 ( ANGPTL3 ) concentration associated with uremic dyslipidemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Angiopoietin-like protein 3, a liver-derived plasma protein, increases plasma triglycerides (TG) in mice by suppressing the activity of lipoprotein lipase, a key enzyme in plasma TG clearance. Uremic dyslipidemia is characterized by increased TG-rich lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and TG-enrichment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL. Since the role of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) in uremic dyslipidemia is unknown, we examined its possible association with the lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).', 'The subjects were 202 hemodialysis patients, 44 predialysis patients with CRF and 148 healthy control subjects comparable in age and sex. Fasting plasma ANGPTL3 was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and lipoproteins were fractioned by ultracentrifugation.', 'Median (25th-75th percentile range) ANGPTL3 levels were 523 (409-645) and 393 (308-511)ng/mL in hemodialysis and predialysis patients, respectively, which were significantly lower than the control level of 700 (570-875)ng/mL. In the total subjects, ANGPTL3 was inversely correlated with VLDL- and IDL-cholesterol levels, and positively with HDL-cholesterol. ANGPTL3 correlated inversely with TG/cholesterol ratios of both LDL and HDL. In multiple regression models, these associations, excluding TG/cholesterol ratio of LDL, remained significant and independent of possible confounders including age, sex, body mass index, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and adiponectin, whereas the associations of ANGPTL3 with the lipoprotein parameters were less significant when apoC-II/C-III ratio was included in the models.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiopoietin-like Proteins', 'Angiopoietins', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Down-Regulation', 'Dyslipidemias', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Regression Analysis', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Ultracentrifugation', 'Uremia']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,257 | Does site of positive surgical margins influence biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the number and location of positive surgical margins (PSMs) in radical prostatectomy (RP) surgical specimens affect biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates.",
"The locations of PSMs were recorded for 1308 consecutive men who underwent RP between October 2000 and December 2006. BCR was defined as three consecutive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level rises with the peak level >or=0.15 ng/mL. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify preoperative predictors of PSMs and BCR. The estimated 5-year risk of BCR was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.",
"In all, 128 (9.8%) men had one or more PSMs. The mean body mass index, mean preoperative serum PSA level, the distributions of clinical stage and biopsy Gleason scores, and the presence or absence of biopsy perineural invasion were significantly different between men with or with no PSMs. In multivariate analysis, baseline serum PSA level, Gleason score and perineural invasion were independent preoperative predictors of PSMs. The 5-year actuarial BCR rates were dependent on the site of the PSM (P = 0.035) and not the number of PSMs (P = 0.18). The rank order of estimated 5-year BCR rates according to the site of PSMs were base > anterior > posterolateral > apex approximately posterior."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Epidemiologic Methods",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm, Residual",
"Prognosis",
"Prostate",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Prostatectomy",
"Prostatic Neoplasms"
]
} | About half of the men with PSMs in the RP surgical specimen in our prospective series did not develop BCR. The risk of BCR was dependent on the site and not the number of PSMs. Adjuvant therapy should be considered in cases with anterior and basilar PSMs due to the very high risk of BCR. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does site of positive surgical margins influence biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether the number and location of positive surgical margins (PSMs) in radical prostatectomy (RP) surgical specimens affect biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates.', 'The locations of PSMs were recorded for 1308 consecutive men who underwent RP between October 2000 and December 2006. BCR was defined as three consecutive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level rises with the peak level >or=0.15 ng/mL. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify preoperative predictors of PSMs and BCR. The estimated 5-year risk of BCR was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.', 'In all, 128 (9.8%) men had one or more PSMs. The mean body mass index, mean preoperative serum PSA level, the distributions of clinical stage and biopsy Gleason scores, and the presence or absence of biopsy perineural invasion were significantly different between men with or with no PSMs. In multivariate analysis, baseline serum PSA level, Gleason score and perineural invasion were independent preoperative predictors of PSMs. The 5-year actuarial BCR rates were dependent on the site of the PSM (P = 0.035) and not the number of PSMs (P = 0.18). The rank order of estimated 5-year BCR rates according to the site of PSMs were base > anterior > posterolateral > apex approximately posterior.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Epidemiologic Methods', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm, Residual', 'Prognosis', 'Prostate', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,259 | Does the aggressiveness of urinary tract urothelial carcinoma increase with the severity of chronic kidney disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess, in a retrospective cohort, urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UT-UC) in patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their clinicopathological features, as patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a higher incidence of UT-UC, but the relationship between early stages of CKD and characteristics of UT-UC are less well known.",
"The study included 267 patients with pathologically confirmed UT-UC from January 1994 to December 2006; all had a physical examination (blood pressure), and measurements of laboratory data (serum creatinine, serum haemoglobin) and pathological data. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Patients were divided into three groups by individual GFR (mL/min), i.e. >60 (no/mild CKD), 30-60 (CKD stage 3) and <30 (CKD stage 4/5).",
"The CKD stages included 81 (30.3%) patients with none/mild CKD, 121 (45.3%) with CKD stage 3 and 65 (24.3%) with CKD stage 4/5. There was a significant and parallel increase in the frequency of UT-UC as CKD severity increased from none/mild CKD to stage 3 (11% vs 55%), and from CKD stage 3 to 4/5 (55% vs 71%; P < 0.05). Pathologically, the frequency of high-grade and high T stage UT-UC in patients with CKD stage 3 (90% and 35%, respectively) and CKD stage 4/5 (91% and 29%, respectively) were significantly greater than in the group with none/mild CKD (P < 0.001). Advanced age and more distant metastasis were independent risk factors for patient survival."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Chronic Disease",
"Epidemiologic Methods",
"Female",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Humans",
"Kidney Diseases",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Urologic Neoplasms",
"Urothelium"
]
} | The aggressiveness of UT-UC increased with the severity of CKD, and this might have important clinical consequences. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the aggressiveness of urinary tract urothelial carcinoma increase with the severity of chronic kidney disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess, in a retrospective cohort, urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UT-UC) in patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their clinicopathological features, as patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a higher incidence of UT-UC, but the relationship between early stages of CKD and characteristics of UT-UC are less well known.', 'The study included 267 patients with pathologically confirmed UT-UC from January 1994 to December 2006; all had a physical examination (blood pressure), and measurements of laboratory data (serum creatinine, serum haemoglobin) and pathological data. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Patients were divided into three groups by individual GFR (mL/min), i.e. >60 (no/mild CKD), 30-60 (CKD stage 3) and <30 (CKD stage 4/5).', 'The CKD stages included 81 (30.3%) patients with none/mild CKD, 121 (45.3%) with CKD stage 3 and 65 (24.3%) with CKD stage 4/5. There was a significant and parallel increase in the frequency of UT-UC as CKD severity increased from none/mild CKD to stage 3 (11% vs 55%), and from CKD stage 3 to 4/5 (55% vs 71%; P < 0.05). Pathologically, the frequency of high-grade and high T stage UT-UC in patients with CKD stage 3 (90% and 35%, respectively) and CKD stage 4/5 (91% and 29%, respectively) were significantly greater than in the group with none/mild CKD (P < 0.001). Advanced age and more distant metastasis were independent risk factors for patient survival.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Chronic Disease', 'Epidemiologic Methods', 'Female', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Urologic Neoplasms', 'Urothelium']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,404 | Do removable dentures with implant support in strategic positions followed for up to 8 years? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to analyze prosthetic maintenance in partially edentulous patients with removable prostheses supported by teeth and strategic implants.",
"Sixty patients with removable partial prostheses and combined tooth-implant support were identified within the time period from 1998 to 2006. One group consisted of 42 patients (planned group) with a reduced residual dentition and in need of removable partial dentures (RPDs) or overdentures in the maxilla and/or mandible. They were admitted consecutively for treatment. Due to missing teeth in strategic important positions, one or two implants were placed to improve symmetrical denture support and retention. The majority of residual teeth exhibited an impaired structural integrity and therefore were provided with root copings for denture retention. A few vital teeth were used for telescopic crowns. The anchorage system for the strategic implants was selected accordingly. A second group of 18 patients (repair group) wearing RPDs with the loss of one abutment tooth due to biologic or mechanical failure was identified. These abutment teeth were replaced by 21 implants, and patients continued to wear their original prostheses. The observation time for planned and repair groups was 12 months to 8 years. All patients followed a regular maintenance schedule. Technical or biologic complications with supporting teeth or implants and prosthetic service were registered regularly.",
"Three maxillary implants were lost after loading and three roots with copings had to be removed. Biologic problems included caries and periodontal/peri-implant infection with a significantly higher incidence in the repair group (P < .05). Technical complications with the dentures were rather frequent in both groups, mostly related to the anchorage system (matrices) of root copings and implants. Maintenance and complications were observed more frequently in the first year after delivery of the denture than in the following 3 years (P < .05). No denture had to be remade."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alveolar Bone Loss",
"Cohort Studies",
"Dental Abutments",
"Dental Caries",
"Dental Implants",
"Dental Prosthesis Design",
"Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported",
"Dental Restoration Failure",
"Dental Restoration Wear",
"Denture Rebasing",
"Denture Repair",
"Denture Retention",
"Denture, Overlay",
"Denture, Partial, Removable",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Jaw, Edentulous, Partially",
"Male",
"Mandible",
"Maxilla",
"Middle Aged",
"Occlusal Adjustment",
"Periodontitis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | The placement of a few implants allows for maintaining a compromised residual dentition for support of RPDs. The combination of root and implant support facilitates treatment planning and enhances designing the removable denture. It also proves to be a practical rescue method. Technical problems with the anchorage system were frequent, particularly in the first year after delivery of the dentures. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do removable dentures with implant support in strategic positions followed for up to 8 years?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to analyze prosthetic maintenance in partially edentulous patients with removable prostheses supported by teeth and strategic implants.', 'Sixty patients with removable partial prostheses and combined tooth-implant support were identified within the time period from 1998 to 2006. One group consisted of 42 patients (planned group) with a reduced residual dentition and in need of removable partial dentures (RPDs) or overdentures in the maxilla and/or mandible. They were admitted consecutively for treatment. Due to missing teeth in strategic important positions, one or two implants were placed to improve symmetrical denture support and retention. The majority of residual teeth exhibited an impaired structural integrity and therefore were provided with root copings for denture retention. A few vital teeth were used for telescopic crowns. The anchorage system for the strategic implants was selected accordingly. A second group of 18 patients (repair group) wearing RPDs with the loss of one abutment tooth due to biologic or mechanical failure was identified. These abutment teeth were replaced by 21 implants, and patients continued to wear their original prostheses. The observation time for planned and repair groups was 12 months to 8 years. All patients followed a regular maintenance schedule. Technical or biologic complications with supporting teeth or implants and prosthetic service were registered regularly.', 'Three maxillary implants were lost after loading and three roots with copings had to be removed. Biologic problems included caries and periodontal/peri-implant infection with a significantly higher incidence in the repair group (P < .05). Technical complications with the dentures were rather frequent in both groups, mostly related to the anchorage system (matrices) of root copings and implants. Maintenance and complications were observed more frequently in the first year after delivery of the denture than in the following 3 years (P < .05). No denture had to be remade.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alveolar Bone Loss', 'Cohort Studies', 'Dental Abutments', 'Dental Caries', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported', 'Dental Restoration Failure', 'Dental Restoration Wear', 'Denture Rebasing', 'Denture Repair', 'Denture Retention', 'Denture, Overlay', 'Denture, Partial, Removable', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Jaw, Edentulous, Partially', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Maxilla', 'Middle Aged', 'Occlusal Adjustment', 'Periodontitis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,291 | Is elevated plasma calcifediol associated with aggressive periodontitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Vitamin D is associated with a number of inflammatory diseases and plays a significant role in regulating bone metabolism. Serum calcifediol was demonstrated to be potentially associated with periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an association exists between plasma calcifediol concentrations and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and whether plasma levels of bone-related biomarkers (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus) regulated by vitamin D are related to AgP.",
"Sixty-six patients with generalized AgP, 52 patients with chronic periodontitis, and 60 healthy controls were included in this study. Periodontal examination consisted of probing depth, attachment loss, and bleeding index measurements. Hematic calcifediol and bone-related biomarker levels were detected using radioimmunity assay kits or a biochemical analyzer.",
"Plasma calcifediol levels in patients with AgP were higher than those of healthy controls (29.28 versus 21.60 nmol/l; P <0.05) and were statistically significantly correlated with bleeding index (r = 0.321; P <0.05). Plasma osteocalcin concentrations in patients with AgP were higher than those of healthy controls (0.90 versus 0.70 ng/ml; P <0.05). Serum inorganic phosphorus values of both periodontitis groups were lower than those of healthy controls (1.06 +/- 0.18 mmol/l and 1.10 +/- 0.15 mmol/l versus 1.26 +/- 0.17 mmol/l; P <0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aggressive Periodontitis",
"Alkaline Phosphatase",
"Biomarkers",
"Calcifediol",
"Calcium",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Chronic Periodontitis",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Osteocalcin",
"Phosphates",
"Pilot Projects",
"Reference Values",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Plasma calcifediol levels might be associated with periodontal inflammation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is elevated plasma calcifediol associated with aggressive periodontitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Vitamin D is associated with a number of inflammatory diseases and plays a significant role in regulating bone metabolism. Serum calcifediol was demonstrated to be potentially associated with periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether an association exists between plasma calcifediol concentrations and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and whether plasma levels of bone-related biomarkers (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus) regulated by vitamin D are related to AgP.', 'Sixty-six patients with generalized AgP, 52 patients with chronic periodontitis, and 60 healthy controls were included in this study. Periodontal examination consisted of probing depth, attachment loss, and bleeding index measurements. Hematic calcifediol and bone-related biomarker levels were detected using radioimmunity assay kits or a biochemical analyzer.', 'Plasma calcifediol levels in patients with AgP were higher than those of healthy controls (29.28 versus 21.60 nmol/l; P <0.05) and were statistically significantly correlated with bleeding index (r = 0.321; P <0.05). Plasma osteocalcin concentrations in patients with AgP were higher than those of healthy controls (0.90 versus 0.70 ng/ml; P <0.05). Serum inorganic phosphorus values of both periodontitis groups were lower than those of healthy controls (1.06 +/- 0.18 mmol/l and 1.10 +/- 0.15 mmol/l versus 1.26 +/- 0.17 mmol/l; P <0.05).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aggressive Periodontitis', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Biomarkers', 'Calcifediol', 'Calcium', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Chronic Periodontitis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Osteocalcin', 'Phosphates', 'Pilot Projects', 'Reference Values', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,298 | Do advanced glycation end products inhibit the expression of collagens type I and III by human gingival fibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"It is evident that diabetes and periodontal disease are closely interrelated. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), coupled with exaggerated host responses to bacterial infection, may account for the increased periodontal destruction observed in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. The present study investigated the effects of AGEs on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the expression of types I and III collagen in HGFs.",
"The cell viability of HGFs was examined by methylthiazolet-etrazolium assay, whereas the expression of types I and III collagen message and protein was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.",
"AGEs significantly suppressed the cell viability of HGFs from 24 to 72 hours (P <0.01). A high concentration of glucose (25 mmol/l) in the culture media exaggerated the inhibition of the survival rate of HGFs (P <0.01). The expression of collagen types I and III messages and proteins was significantly downregulated at 72 hours by AGEs in a concentration-dependent manner (P <0.05). Moreover, the synthesis of intracellular types I and III collagen protein was markedly inhibited by AGEs (P <0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Cell Survival",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Collagen Type I",
"Collagen Type III",
"Fibroblasts",
"Gingiva",
"Glycation End Products, Advanced",
"Humans",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Reference Values",
"Young Adult"
]
} | AGEs may suppress the cell viability of HGFs and downregulate the expression of types I and III collagen by the cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AGEs in the regulation of cell function and collagen metabolism in patients with diabetes and periodontitis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do advanced glycation end products inhibit the expression of collagens type I and III by human gingival fibroblasts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['It is evident that diabetes and periodontal disease are closely interrelated. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), coupled with exaggerated host responses to bacterial infection, may account for the increased periodontal destruction observed in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. The present study investigated the effects of AGEs on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the expression of types I and III collagen in HGFs.', 'The cell viability of HGFs was examined by methylthiazolet-etrazolium assay, whereas the expression of types I and III collagen message and protein was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.', 'AGEs significantly suppressed the cell viability of HGFs from 24 to 72 hours (P <0.01). A high concentration of glucose (25 mmol/l) in the culture media exaggerated the inhibition of the survival rate of HGFs (P <0.01). The expression of collagen types I and III messages and proteins was significantly downregulated at 72 hours by AGEs in a concentration-dependent manner (P <0.05). Moreover, the synthesis of intracellular types I and III collagen protein was markedly inhibited by AGEs (P <0.05).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Collagen Type I', 'Collagen Type III', 'Fibroblasts', 'Gingiva', 'Glycation End Products, Advanced', 'Humans', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Reference Values', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,082 | Does multiplanar reconstruction of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography improve the presurgical assessment of mitral prolapse? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the value and accuracy of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) of three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiographic data sets in assessing mitral valve pathology in patients with surgical mitral valve prolapse (MVP).",
"Sixty-four patients with surgical MVP and preoperative two-dimensional (2D) and 3D transthoracic echocardiography were analyzed. The descriptions obtained by 3D MPR and 2D were compared in the context of the surgical findings.",
"Two-dimensional echocardiography correctly identified the prolapsing leaflets in 32 of 64 patients and 3D MPR in 46 of 64 patients (P=.016). Among the 27 patients with complex pathology (ie, more than isolated middle scallop of the posterior leaflet prolapse), 3D MPR identified 20 correctly, as opposed to 6 with 2D imaging (P<.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Child",
"Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional",
"Echocardiography, Transesophageal",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Image Enhancement",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mitral Valve Prolapse",
"Preoperative Care",
"Prognosis",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Interpretation of 3D transthoracic echocardiographic images with MPR improved the accuracy of the description of the MVP compared with 2D interpretation. This added value of 3D MPR was most important in extensive and/or commissural prolapse. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does multiplanar reconstruction of three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography improve the presurgical assessment of mitral prolapse?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to evaluate the value and accuracy of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) of three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiographic data sets in assessing mitral valve pathology in patients with surgical mitral valve prolapse (MVP).', 'Sixty-four patients with surgical MVP and preoperative two-dimensional (2D) and 3D transthoracic echocardiography were analyzed. The descriptions obtained by 3D MPR and 2D were compared in the context of the surgical findings.', 'Two-dimensional echocardiography correctly identified the prolapsing leaflets in 32 of 64 patients and 3D MPR in 46 of 64 patients (P=.016). Among the 27 patients with complex pathology (ie, more than isolated middle scallop of the posterior leaflet prolapse), 3D MPR identified 20 correctly, as opposed to 6 with 2D imaging (P<.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional', 'Echocardiography, Transesophageal', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Enhancement', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitral Valve Prolapse', 'Preoperative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,559,080 | Do flavonoids from Inula britannica L. inhibit injury-induced neointimal formation by suppressing oxidative-stress generation? | {
"contexts": [
"We aimed to investigate whether and how the total flavonoid extracts (TFE) from Inula britannica L. block neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury in rats.",
"Rats were administered orally TFE doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/d by gastric gavage from 3 days before balloon injury to 14 days after the injury. The ratio of intima (I) to media (M) thickness (I/M) in carotid arteries was examined by morphological analyses. The MDA content and SOD activity in plasma were measured. The O(2)(-) production in vascular tissues was detected in situ. The expression of p47(phox) in carotid arteries was analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry.",
"The rats treated with TFE 50 mg/kg/d showed a reduction in neointimal hyperplasia, and the ratio of I/M of balloon injured-carotid arteries was significantly reduced by over 70% after TFE treatment, compared with the injured group. The inhibitory effect of TFE on neointimal hyperplasia was almost consistent with that of atorvastatin, a positive control. The plasma SOD activity was obviously increased by TFE treatment (P<0.01), while plasma MDA production was markedly decreased by TFE treatment (P<0.05). On day 14 after balloon injury, the carotid arteries showed an increase in O(2)(-) production that was most evident in the neointimal and medial layer of the vessel. Thus, TFE significantly inhibited injury-induced O(2)(-) production and p47(phox) expression in carotid arteries."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Carotid Artery Injuries",
"Catheterization",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Drugs, Chinese Herbal",
"Flavonoids",
"Hyperplasia",
"Inula",
"Male",
"Malondialdehyde",
"Microfilament Proteins",
"Molecular Structure",
"Muscle Proteins",
"NADPH Oxidases",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Superoxide Dismutase",
"Superoxide Dismutase-1",
"Tunica Intima"
]
} | Our results suggest that TFE inhibit the neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury, at least partly, by suppressing oxidative-stress generation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do flavonoids from Inula britannica L. inhibit injury-induced neointimal formation by suppressing oxidative-stress generation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We aimed to investigate whether and how the total flavonoid extracts (TFE) from Inula britannica L. block neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury in rats.', 'Rats were administered orally TFE doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/d by gastric gavage from 3 days before balloon injury to 14 days after the injury. The ratio of intima (I) to media (M) thickness (I/M) in carotid arteries was examined by morphological analyses. The MDA content and SOD activity in plasma were measured. The O(2)(-) production in vascular tissues was detected in situ. The expression of p47(phox) in carotid arteries was analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry.', 'The rats treated with TFE 50 mg/kg/d showed a reduction in neointimal hyperplasia, and the ratio of I/M of balloon injured-carotid arteries was significantly reduced by over 70% after TFE treatment, compared with the injured group. The inhibitory effect of TFE on neointimal hyperplasia was almost consistent with that of atorvastatin, a positive control. The plasma SOD activity was obviously increased by TFE treatment (P<0.01), while plasma MDA production was markedly decreased by TFE treatment (P<0.05). On day 14 after balloon injury, the carotid arteries showed an increase in O(2)(-) production that was most evident in the neointimal and medial layer of the vessel. Thus, TFE significantly inhibited injury-induced O(2)(-) production and p47(phox) expression in carotid arteries.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Carotid Artery Injuries', 'Catheterization', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Flavonoids', 'Hyperplasia', 'Inula', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Microfilament Proteins', 'Molecular Structure', 'Muscle Proteins', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Superoxide Dismutase', 'Superoxide Dismutase-1', 'Tunica Intima']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,473 | Does ghrelin hyporesponsiveness contribute to age-related hyperinflammation in septic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that hyporesponsiveness to ghrelin due to reduced growth hormone (GH) contributes to the aging-related hyperinflammatory state in sepsis.",
"Sepsis and septic shock are a serious problem, particularly in the geriatric population. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a, ie, ghrelin receptor). The decline in GH with age is directly associated with many adverse changes that occur with aging. However, the role of GH, ghrelin, and GHSR1a in the age-associated vulnerability to sepsis remains unknown.",
"Male Fischer 344 rats (young: 3 months; aged: 24 months) were used. Plasma GH levels, ghrelin receptor expression, and neuronal activity in the parasympathostimulatory nuclei of the brain stem in normal young and aged animals were measured. Endotoxemia was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 15 mg/kg BW).",
"While LPS-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages isolated from aged rats decreased, LPS injection resulted in an in vivo hyperinflammatory state. GH levels were lower in aged rats, which was associated with lower expression of GHSR1a in the dorsal vagal complex and a decrease in parasympathostimulatory neuronal activity. GHSR1a antagonist elevated LPS-induced cytokine release in young rats. GH increased GHSR-1a expression in the dorsal vagal complex in aged rats. Coadministration of ghrelin and GH, but not ghrelin alone or GH alone, markedly reduced cytokine levels and organ injury after endotoxemia in aged rats, which was associated with significantly elevated parasympathostimulatory neuronal activity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Animals",
"Brain",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Ghrelin",
"Growth Hormone",
"Inflammation",
"Male",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred F344",
"Shock, Septic"
]
} | These findings suggest that the reduced central (brain) responsiveness to ghrelin due to the decreased GH, plays a major role in producing the hyperinflammatory state, resulting in severe organ injuries and high mortality after endotoxemia in aged animals. Ghrelin and GH can be developed as a novel therapy for sepsis in the geriatric population. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ghrelin hyporesponsiveness contribute to age-related hyperinflammation in septic shock?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To test the hypothesis that hyporesponsiveness to ghrelin due to reduced growth hormone (GH) contributes to the aging-related hyperinflammatory state in sepsis.', 'Sepsis and septic shock are a serious problem, particularly in the geriatric population. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a, ie, ghrelin receptor). The decline in GH with age is directly associated with many adverse changes that occur with aging. However, the role of GH, ghrelin, and GHSR1a in the age-associated vulnerability to sepsis remains unknown.', 'Male Fischer 344 rats (young: 3 months; aged: 24 months) were used. Plasma GH levels, ghrelin receptor expression, and neuronal activity in the parasympathostimulatory nuclei of the brain stem in normal young and aged animals were measured. Endotoxemia was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 15 mg/kg BW).', 'While LPS-induced release of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages isolated from aged rats decreased, LPS injection resulted in an in vivo hyperinflammatory state. GH levels were lower in aged rats, which was associated with lower expression of GHSR1a in the dorsal vagal complex and a decrease in parasympathostimulatory neuronal activity. GHSR1a antagonist elevated LPS-induced cytokine release in young rats. GH increased GHSR-1a expression in the dorsal vagal complex in aged rats. Coadministration of ghrelin and GH, but not ghrelin alone or GH alone, markedly reduced cytokine levels and organ injury after endotoxemia in aged rats, which was associated with significantly elevated parasympathostimulatory neuronal activity.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ghrelin', 'Growth Hormone', 'Inflammation', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Shock, Septic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,558,666 | Does it 's all about recognition ! Qualitative study of the value of interpersonal continuity in general practice? | {
"contexts": [
"Continuity of care has traditionally been regarded as a core quality of general practice, but the long-term doctor-patient relationship has been put under pressure. In many places practices are expanding, with larger teams and more registered patients, thereby threatening the possibility of patients staying with their own general practitioner (GP). GPs often take it for granted that interpersonal continuity is valuable. However, little is known about how patient satisfaction is related to interpersonal continuity. The purpose of this study is to explore the creation of patient satisfaction or dissatisfaction in the interpersonal relation with the GP, and in a comprehensive way to investigate how this is related to continuity of care.",
"Qualitative study based on 22 interviews with patients from two practices in Denmark. A total of 12 patients saw a regular doctor and 10 saw an unfamiliar doctor. The patients were selected after an observed consultation and sampled purposefully according to reason for encounter, age and sex. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to study how patients perceive meeting either a regular or an unfamiliar GP. The analysis explored the patients' perception of their interpersonal relationship with their GP, and interpreted the accounts by using social psychological theories.",
"A long-term continuous relationship with the GP could be satisfactory, but it could also be the reverse. The same pattern was shown in case of an unfamiliar GP. Therefore, patient satisfaction and interpersonal continuity were not causally related. On the contrary, there was a general pattern of how the satisfactory and trustful doctor-patient relationship from the patients' point of view could be created, maintained or destroyed. A pattern where the process of recognition, by respecting and remembering, on the one hand created and maintained satisfaction while humiliation on the other hand destroyed satisfaction in the relationship."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Continuity of Patient Care",
"Denmark",
"Family Practice",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interviews as Topic",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Physician-Patient Relations",
"Physicians, Family",
"Qualitative Research",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | It was not valuable to have a continuous relationship unless the GP recognized the patient. The social psychological concept of recognition had two different meanings and the GP had to do both, respect and remember the patient, in order to create and sustain the trustful relationship. The added value of interpersonal continuity had to be combined with recognition. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does it 's all about recognition ! Qualitative study of the value of interpersonal continuity in general practice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Continuity of care has traditionally been regarded as a core quality of general practice, but the long-term doctor-patient relationship has been put under pressure. In many places practices are expanding, with larger teams and more registered patients, thereby threatening the possibility of patients staying with their own general practitioner (GP). GPs often take it for granted that interpersonal continuity is valuable. However, little is known about how patient satisfaction is related to interpersonal continuity. The purpose of this study is to explore the creation of patient satisfaction or dissatisfaction in the interpersonal relation with the GP, and in a comprehensive way to investigate how this is related to continuity of care.', \"Qualitative study based on 22 interviews with patients from two practices in Denmark. A total of 12 patients saw a regular doctor and 10 saw an unfamiliar doctor. The patients were selected after an observed consultation and sampled purposefully according to reason for encounter, age and sex. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to study how patients perceive meeting either a regular or an unfamiliar GP. The analysis explored the patients' perception of their interpersonal relationship with their GP, and interpreted the accounts by using social psychological theories.\", \"A long-term continuous relationship with the GP could be satisfactory, but it could also be the reverse. The same pattern was shown in case of an unfamiliar GP. Therefore, patient satisfaction and interpersonal continuity were not causally related. On the contrary, there was a general pattern of how the satisfactory and trustful doctor-patient relationship from the patients' point of view could be created, maintained or destroyed. A pattern where the process of recognition, by respecting and remembering, on the one hand created and maintained satisfaction while humiliation on the other hand destroyed satisfaction in the relationship.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Continuity of Patient Care', 'Denmark', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interviews as Topic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Physician-Patient Relations', 'Physicians, Family', 'Qualitative Research', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,558,667 | Are rodent-specific alternative exons more frequent in rapidly evolving genes and in paralogs? | {
"contexts": [
"Alternative splicing is an important mechanism for generating functional and evolutionary diversity of proteins in eukaryotes. Here, we studied the frequency and functionality of recently gained, rodent-specific alternative exons.",
"We projected the data about alternative splicing of mouse genes to the rat, human, and dog genomes, and identified exons conserved in the rat genome, but missing in more distant genomes. We estimated the frequency of rodent-specific exons while controlling for possible residual conservation of spurious exons. The frequency of rodent-specific exons is higher among predominantly skipped exons and exons disrupting the reading frame. Separation of all genes by the rate of sequence evolution and by gene families has demonstrated that rodent-specific cassette exons are more frequent in rapidly evolving genes and in rodent-specific paralogs."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alternative Splicing",
"Animals",
"Conserved Sequence",
"Dogs",
"Evolution, Molecular",
"Exons",
"Humans",
"Mice",
"Rats",
"Sequence Alignment"
]
} | Thus we demonstrated that recently gained exons tend to occur in fast-evolving genes, and their inclusion rate tends to be lower than that of older exons. This agrees with the theory that gain of alternative exons is one of the major mechanisms of gene evolution. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are rodent-specific alternative exons more frequent in rapidly evolving genes and in paralogs?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Alternative splicing is an important mechanism for generating functional and evolutionary diversity of proteins in eukaryotes. Here, we studied the frequency and functionality of recently gained, rodent-specific alternative exons.', 'We projected the data about alternative splicing of mouse genes to the rat, human, and dog genomes, and identified exons conserved in the rat genome, but missing in more distant genomes. We estimated the frequency of rodent-specific exons while controlling for possible residual conservation of spurious exons. The frequency of rodent-specific exons is higher among predominantly skipped exons and exons disrupting the reading frame. Separation of all genes by the rate of sequence evolution and by gene families has demonstrated that rodent-specific cassette exons are more frequent in rapidly evolving genes and in rodent-specific paralogs.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alternative Splicing', 'Animals', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Dogs', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Exons', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Rats', 'Sequence Alignment']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,626 | Does common sequence variation in the VEGFA gene predict risk of diabetic retinopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a role in angiogenesis and microvascular permeability. This study was conducted to determine whether common sequence variation in the VEGFA gene plays a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR).",
"Five hundred fifty-four subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) including 190 type 1 DM (T1DM) and 364 type 2 DM (T2DM) were recruited. The study group consisted of 235 participants without DR, 158 with nonproliferative DR (NPDR), 132 with proliferative DR (PDR), and 93 with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). Blinding DR was defined as severe NPDR, PDR, or CSME. Fifteen VEGFA tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in all subjects and tested for association with blinding DR.",
"Multiple tag SNPs in the VEGFA gene were associated with blinding DR. After controlling for sex, HbA1c, and duration of disease, in T1DM, the AA genotype of rs699946 (P = 0.007, odds ratio [OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-11.4) and the GG genotype of rs833068 (P = 0.017, OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.2) were most significantly associated. In T2DM, the C allele of rs3025021 (P = 0.002; OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.5-10.0) and the G allele of rs10434 (P = 0.002; OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.3) were most significantly associated with blinding DR. Haplotype analyses suggested an important role for the haplotype TCCGCG in blinding DR (P = 0.0004)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blindness",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diabetic Retinopathy",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Glycated Hemoglobin A",
"Humans",
"Linkage Disequilibrium",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Risk Factors",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | Sequence variation in the VEGFA gene is associated with risk of developing blinding DR in T1DM and T2DM. Identifying specific genetic markers will allow for refined screening algorithms and earlier intervention in patients at highest risk. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does common sequence variation in the VEGFA gene predict risk of diabetic retinopathy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a role in angiogenesis and microvascular permeability. This study was conducted to determine whether common sequence variation in the VEGFA gene plays a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR).', 'Five hundred fifty-four subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) including 190 type 1 DM (T1DM) and 364 type 2 DM (T2DM) were recruited. The study group consisted of 235 participants without DR, 158 with nonproliferative DR (NPDR), 132 with proliferative DR (PDR), and 93 with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). Blinding DR was defined as severe NPDR, PDR, or CSME. Fifteen VEGFA tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in all subjects and tested for association with blinding DR.', 'Multiple tag SNPs in the VEGFA gene were associated with blinding DR. After controlling for sex, HbA1c, and duration of disease, in T1DM, the AA genotype of rs699946 (P = 0.007, odds ratio [OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-11.4) and the GG genotype of rs833068 (P = 0.017, OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.2) were most significantly associated. In T2DM, the C allele of rs3025021 (P = 0.002; OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.5-10.0) and the G allele of rs10434 (P = 0.002; OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-5.3) were most significantly associated with blinding DR. Haplotype analyses suggested an important role for the haplotype TCCGCG in blinding DR (P = 0.0004).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blindness', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk Factors', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,971 | Does prior exercise lower blood pressure during simulated night-work with different meal schedules? | {
"contexts": [
"Shift-work and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors for raised blood pressure (BP). Exercise can reduce BP in diurnally-active individuals, but it is unknown whether postexercise hypotension persists when people are active and eating at night. We present the first investigation into the acute effects of exercise on BP monitored during simulated night-work.",
"Nine normotensive participants, aged 20-42 years, completed at least two crossover trials beginning at 1800 hours. Between 1900 and 2000 hours, participants either rested or exercised at 50% peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)) and then remained awake throughout the night, completing various tasks until 0515 hours. Six participants completed a total of four trials in which they exercised or rested, whereas either one standardized (60 kJ/kg) meal at 2200 hours or two smaller (30 kJ/kg) meals at 2200 and 0200 hours were eaten. Systolic and diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and wrist activity were recorded every 30 min.",
"Following exercise, MAP was significantly (P < 0.0005) lower throughout the night-shift compared with no prior exercise (95% confidence limits for reduction: 4-7 mm Hg). The postexercise reductions in systolic BP and MAP were not moderated by diet, but the reduction in diastolic BP was slightly greater when only one meal was eaten (P < 0.0005). BP was lower even though wrist activity and HR were significantly higher following exercise (P < 0.0005)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anaerobic Threshold",
"Blood Pressure",
"Circadian Rhythm",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Eating",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Motor Activity",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Risk Factors",
"Time Factors",
"Wrist",
"Young Adult"
]
} | These data indicate that prior exercise lowers BP throughout a subsequent 8-h night-shift in healthy individuals within the normotensive range. Therefore, regular low-intensity exercise might moderate the well-known association between shift-work participation and raised BP. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does prior exercise lower blood pressure during simulated night-work with different meal schedules?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Shift-work and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors for raised blood pressure (BP). Exercise can reduce BP in diurnally-active individuals, but it is unknown whether postexercise hypotension persists when people are active and eating at night. We present the first investigation into the acute effects of exercise on BP monitored during simulated night-work.', 'Nine normotensive participants, aged 20-42 years, completed at least two crossover trials beginning at 1800 hours. Between 1900 and 2000 hours, participants either rested or exercised at 50% peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)) and then remained awake throughout the night, completing various tasks until 0515 hours. Six participants completed a total of four trials in which they exercised or rested, whereas either one standardized (60 kJ/kg) meal at 2200 hours or two smaller (30 kJ/kg) meals at 2200 and 0200 hours were eaten. Systolic and diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and wrist activity were recorded every 30 min.', 'Following exercise, MAP was significantly (P < 0.0005) lower throughout the night-shift compared with no prior exercise (95% confidence limits for reduction: 4-7 mm Hg). The postexercise reductions in systolic BP and MAP were not moderated by diet, but the reduction in diastolic BP was slightly greater when only one meal was eaten (P < 0.0005). BP was lower even though wrist activity and HR were significantly higher following exercise (P < 0.0005).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anaerobic Threshold', 'Blood Pressure', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Eating', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Wrist', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,526 | Do cpG oligonucleotides activate the immune response in burned mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Immunosuppression after burn injury increases the risk of sepsis and multiple organ failure. We examined changes of immune function in mice after burn injury and investigated the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs.",
"Male BALB/c mice (8-10 wk old) received a full-thickness burn to 20% of their body surface area, after which the immunological parameters of splenic macrophages were evaluated. To assess the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynucleotide treatment, splenic macrophages harvested from burned mice were incubated with oligodeoxynucleotides. Then cytokine production and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression were measured. To assess the in vivo effect of oligodeoxynucleotides, intraperitoneal administration was done on day 4 after burn injury, and class II antigen expression by splenic macrophages was measured 10 d later.",
"Class II antigen expression and the synthesis of cytokines (interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1) by splenic macrophages were significantly reduced after burn injury, while incubation of splenic macrophages from burned mice with oligodeoxynucleotides partially enhanced the production of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of oligodeoxynucleotides enhanced class II antigen expression by splenic macrophages."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Burns",
"CpG Islands",
"Cytokines",
"Down-Regulation",
"Gene Expression",
"Genes, MHC Class II",
"Macrophages",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Oligodeoxyribonucleotides",
"Spleen"
]
} | The reduction of class II antigen expression and synthesis of cytokines (interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1) by splenic macrophages after burn injury was partially reversed by oligodeoxynucleotide treatment. Therefore, immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides may be a potential treatment for post-burn immunosuppression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do cpG oligonucleotides activate the immune response in burned mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Immunosuppression after burn injury increases the risk of sepsis and multiple organ failure. We examined changes of immune function in mice after burn injury and investigated the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs.', 'Male BALB/c mice (8-10 wk old) received a full-thickness burn to 20% of their body surface area, after which the immunological parameters of splenic macrophages were evaluated. To assess the immunostimulatory effect of oligodeoxynucleotide treatment, splenic macrophages harvested from burned mice were incubated with oligodeoxynucleotides. Then cytokine production and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression were measured. To assess the in vivo effect of oligodeoxynucleotides, intraperitoneal administration was done on day 4 after burn injury, and class II antigen expression by splenic macrophages was measured 10 d later.', 'Class II antigen expression and the synthesis of cytokines (interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1) by splenic macrophages were significantly reduced after burn injury, while incubation of splenic macrophages from burned mice with oligodeoxynucleotides partially enhanced the production of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of oligodeoxynucleotides enhanced class II antigen expression by splenic macrophages.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Burns', 'CpG Islands', 'Cytokines', 'Down-Regulation', 'Gene Expression', 'Genes, MHC Class II', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides', 'Spleen']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,556 | Does minimally invasive aortic valve replacement reduce atelectasis in cardiac intensive care? | {
"contexts": [
"Respiratory failure is a major complication after cardiac surgery. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini AVR) on the occurrence of left lower lobe atelectasis (LLLA) in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU).",
"98 patients were scheduled to undergo mini AVR. 14 of these patients were converted to a full sternotomy due to technical problems. These patients were compared to a group of 50 patients having planned AVR through a full sternotomy. The incidence of LLLA was evaluated on the first postoperative chest X-ray in the cardiac ICU.",
"In the group having completed mini AVR 20/84 (24%) had a partial LLLA while in the group having extension to a full sternotomy 9/14 (64%) had LLLA lobe (P<0.005). In the group of 50 patients who had AVR through a full sternotomy, 27 patients (54%) had LLLA in the ICU which is also significantly higher (P<0.008) than the percentage of atelectasis in the mini AVR group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aortic Valve",
"Coronary Care Units",
"Female",
"Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures",
"Pulmonary Atelectasis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Patients who had mini AVR had a significantly lower incidence of LLLA in the cardiac ICU than patients who had AVR through a full sternotomy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does minimally invasive aortic valve replacement reduce atelectasis in cardiac intensive care?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Respiratory failure is a major complication after cardiac surgery. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (mini AVR) on the occurrence of left lower lobe atelectasis (LLLA) in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU).', '98 patients were scheduled to undergo mini AVR. 14 of these patients were converted to a full sternotomy due to technical problems. These patients were compared to a group of 50 patients having planned AVR through a full sternotomy. The incidence of LLLA was evaluated on the first postoperative chest X-ray in the cardiac ICU.', 'In the group having completed mini AVR 20/84 (24%) had a partial LLLA while in the group having extension to a full sternotomy 9/14 (64%) had LLLA lobe (P<0.005). In the group of 50 patients who had AVR through a full sternotomy, 27 patients (54%) had LLLA in the ICU which is also significantly higher (P<0.008) than the percentage of atelectasis in the mini AVR group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aortic Valve', 'Coronary Care Units', 'Female', 'Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures', 'Pulmonary Atelectasis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,555,933 | Are there age-related changes in neural connectivity during the encoding of positive , but not negative , information? | {
"contexts": [
"Older adults often show sustained attention toward positive information and an improved memory for positive events. Little is known about the neural changes that may underlie these effects, although recent research has suggested that older adults may show differential recruitment of prefrontal regions during the successful encoding of emotional information. In the present study, effective connectivity analyses examined the network of regions that college-age and older adults recruited during the encoding of positive and negative images.",
"Participants viewed positive and negative images while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Structural equation modeling was used to compare young and older adults' connectivity among regions of the emotional memory network while they encoded negative or positive items.",
"Aging did not impact the connectivity among regions engaged during the encoding of negative information, but age differences did arise during the encoding of positive information. Most notably, in older adults, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala strongly influenced hippocampal activity during the encoding of positive information. By contrast, in young adults, a strong thalamic influence on hippocampal activity was evident during encoding."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aging",
"Brain",
"Brain Mapping",
"Emotions",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Learning",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Memory",
"Middle Aged",
"Neural Pathways",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Reaction Time",
"Young Adult"
]
} | These findings suggest that older adults' "positivity effect" may arise from age-related changes in the interactions between affect-processing regions and the hippocampus during the encoding of positive information. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are there age-related changes in neural connectivity during the encoding of positive , but not negative , information?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Older adults often show sustained attention toward positive information and an improved memory for positive events. Little is known about the neural changes that may underlie these effects, although recent research has suggested that older adults may show differential recruitment of prefrontal regions during the successful encoding of emotional information. In the present study, effective connectivity analyses examined the network of regions that college-age and older adults recruited during the encoding of positive and negative images.', \"Participants viewed positive and negative images while undergoing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Structural equation modeling was used to compare young and older adults' connectivity among regions of the emotional memory network while they encoded negative or positive items.\", 'Aging did not impact the connectivity among regions engaged during the encoding of negative information, but age differences did arise during the encoding of positive information. Most notably, in older adults, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala strongly influenced hippocampal activity during the encoding of positive information. By contrast, in young adults, a strong thalamic influence on hippocampal activity was evident during encoding.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Emotions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Learning', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Middle Aged', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Reaction Time', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,521 | Does resistance exercise training improve heart function and physical fitness in stable patients with heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"This study determined the effect of a structured isotonic strength training (ST) program on left ventricular (LV) function (ejection fraction, stroke volume, and end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes) and physical fitness (6-minute walk test, upper body strength, lower body strength, and body composition) in patients with New York Heart Association class II and III heart failure.",
"Sixteen patients were randomized into 2 groups, ST and usual care. The ST group (10 patients) performed 24 ST exercise sessions (3 per week, 8 weeks), while the usual care (6 patients) group followed routine medical care. The structured isotonic ST program involved 12 different exercises on circuit weight machines. LV function (3D echocardiography) and physical fitness were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks.",
"Modest improvements (P < .05) in resting ejection fraction (0.32-0.37) and stroke volume (46 to 53 mL/beat), as well as in muscular strength and 6-minute walk distance, were found after training."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional",
"Exercise Therapy",
"Exercise Tolerance",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Heart Failure",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Muscle Strength",
"Physical Fitness",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Stroke Volume",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | A short-term structured isotonic ST program appears to improve selected measures of resting LV function and fitness in patients with mild congestive heart failure. Additional studies utilizing larger numbers of subjects, including women, are needed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does resistance exercise training improve heart function and physical fitness in stable patients with heart failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study determined the effect of a structured isotonic strength training (ST) program on left ventricular (LV) function (ejection fraction, stroke volume, and end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes) and physical fitness (6-minute walk test, upper body strength, lower body strength, and body composition) in patients with New York Heart Association class II and III heart failure.', 'Sixteen patients were randomized into 2 groups, ST and usual care. The ST group (10 patients) performed 24 ST exercise sessions (3 per week, 8 weeks), while the usual care (6 patients) group followed routine medical care. The structured isotonic ST program involved 12 different exercises on circuit weight machines. LV function (3D echocardiography) and physical fitness were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks.', 'Modest improvements (P < .05) in resting ejection fraction (0.32-0.37) and stroke volume (46 to 53 mL/beat), as well as in muscular strength and 6-minute walk distance, were found after training.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Muscle Strength', 'Physical Fitness', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stroke Volume', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,555,621 | Does slower infusion of metoclopramide decrease the rate of akathisia? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the difference in incidence of acute akathisia related to the rate of infusion in patients receiving metoclopramide for acute nausea, vomiting, or migraine headache in the emergency department (ED).",
"Randomized, prospective, double-blind clinical trial of patients aged 18 years and older who were to receive intravenous metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, or headache were eligible. Patients were excluded if they were taking medications that might mimic or mask akathisia, had a movement disorder, renal insufficiency, or were unable or unwilling to consent. Pregnant women and prisoners were also excluded. Subjects were randomized to receive 1 of 2 accepted metoclopramide administration regimens. The regimens included 10 mg of metoclopramide administered either as a 2-minute bolus (BG) or as a slow infusion for 15 minutes (IG). All patients received a normal saline placebo at the opposite rate to maintain blinding. The main outcome was development of akathisia noted at 60 minutes after drug administration as measured either with The Prince Henry Hospital akathisia rating scale or by sudden unexplained departure from the ED during treatment.",
"One hundred twenty-seven patients were eligible for the study. Fifty-nine patients met exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 68 patients, 36 were randomized to the BG and 32 were randomized to the IG. In the BG, 11.1% of patients developed akathisia compared with 0% in the IG (P = .026). Four patients developed akathisia based on the scale and 2 departed suddenly from the ED."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antiemetics",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Male",
"Metoclopramide",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Psychomotor Agitation"
]
} | Slower infusion of metoclopramide reduces the incidence of akathisia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does slower infusion of metoclopramide decrease the rate of akathisia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated the difference in incidence of acute akathisia related to the rate of infusion in patients receiving metoclopramide for acute nausea, vomiting, or migraine headache in the emergency department (ED).', 'Randomized, prospective, double-blind clinical trial of patients aged 18 years and older who were to receive intravenous metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, or headache were eligible. Patients were excluded if they were taking medications that might mimic or mask akathisia, had a movement disorder, renal insufficiency, or were unable or unwilling to consent. Pregnant women and prisoners were also excluded. Subjects were randomized to receive 1 of 2 accepted metoclopramide administration regimens. The regimens included 10 mg of metoclopramide administered either as a 2-minute bolus (BG) or as a slow infusion for 15 minutes (IG). All patients received a normal saline placebo at the opposite rate to maintain blinding. The main outcome was development of akathisia noted at 60 minutes after drug administration as measured either with The Prince Henry Hospital akathisia rating scale or by sudden unexplained departure from the ED during treatment.', 'One hundred twenty-seven patients were eligible for the study. Fifty-nine patients met exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 68 patients, 36 were randomized to the BG and 32 were randomized to the IG. In the BG, 11.1% of patients developed akathisia compared with 0% in the IG (P = .026). Four patients developed akathisia based on the scale and 2 departed suddenly from the ED.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antiemetics', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Metoclopramide', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychomotor Agitation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,555,620 | Does shortening of cardiopulmonary resuscitation time before the defibrillation worsen the outcome in out-of-hospital VF patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time before the first defibrillation.",
"The present study retrospectively analyzed the Utstein template records from April 1, 2002, to June 30, 2005. Patients who had out-of-hospital-witnessed cardiac arrest caused by cardiac disease and who presented with ventricular fibrillation (VF) as the initial cardiac rhythm were included in the study. Before April 1, 2003, the emergency medical technician (EMT) needed to obtain telephone permission before attempting defibrillation, and CPR was continued until permission was received (CPR first). On and after April 1, 2003, the EMT was immediately able to attempt a defibrillation without obtaining permission (shock first).",
"In 143 patients who had out-of-hospital-witnessed VF, 43 patients and 100 patients were treated with the CPR-first strategy and the shock-first strategy, respectively. The duration of CPR before the first defibrillation was longer in the CPR-first group than that in the shock-first group. The CPR-first group showed a higher rate of favorable neurologic outcome 30 days after (28% vs 14%; P = .048) and 1 year after cardiac arrest (26% vs 11%; P = .033) than those of the shock-first group. In the patients with witnessed VF, a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis showed the CPR-first strategy to improve the neurologic outcome."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Brain Damage, Chronic",
"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation",
"Electric Countershock",
"Emergency Medical Services",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Analysis",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ventricular Fibrillation"
]
} | In patients with out-of-hospital-witnessed VF, sufficient CPR before the first defibrillation is considered to improve the neurologic outcome in comparison to the performance of immediate defibrillation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does shortening of cardiopulmonary resuscitation time before the defibrillation worsen the outcome in out-of-hospital VF patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time before the first defibrillation.', 'The present study retrospectively analyzed the Utstein template records from April 1, 2002, to June 30, 2005. Patients who had out-of-hospital-witnessed cardiac arrest caused by cardiac disease and who presented with ventricular fibrillation (VF) as the initial cardiac rhythm were included in the study. Before April 1, 2003, the emergency medical technician (EMT) needed to obtain telephone permission before attempting defibrillation, and CPR was continued until permission was received (CPR first). On and after April 1, 2003, the EMT was immediately able to attempt a defibrillation without obtaining permission (shock first).', 'In 143 patients who had out-of-hospital-witnessed VF, 43 patients and 100 patients were treated with the CPR-first strategy and the shock-first strategy, respectively. The duration of CPR before the first defibrillation was longer in the CPR-first group than that in the shock-first group. The CPR-first group showed a higher rate of favorable neurologic outcome 30 days after (28% vs 14%; P = .048) and 1 year after cardiac arrest (26% vs 11%; P = .033) than those of the shock-first group. In the patients with witnessed VF, a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis showed the CPR-first strategy to improve the neurologic outcome.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Brain Damage, Chronic', 'Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation', 'Electric Countershock', 'Emergency Medical Services', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Analysis', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventricular Fibrillation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,085 | Does duration of treadmill exercise testing combined with QRS score predict adverse cardiac outcome at long-term follow-up? | {
"contexts": [
"Total exercise duration and abnormal QRS score values are treadmill exercise testing (TET) prognostic parameters that have been shown to be significantly and independently associated with cardiac mortality. We evaluated the prognostic value of a new index (M score, Michaelides score) incorporating TET duration and QRS score values in a simple index.",
"In this study, we included 626 patients, who underwent TET and coronary arteriography. Cardiac catheterization showed the presence of coronary artery disease in 64.3% of these patients. The M score was calculated by adding the value of the Athens QRS score to the duration of TET (in minutes). The outcome measure was a composite of myocardial infarction or death. Patients were prospectively followed for 38+/-21 months (median 36 months).",
"The composite endpoint was more frequent among the patients of the 1st quartile (M-score values <-5.8). In univariate analysis, mortality of the first-quartile patients was significantly higher (14 vs. 1.1%, P<0.001). In multivariate Cox's regression analysis for age, sex, diabetes, smoking status, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, maximum ST depression at TET, angina during TET, coronary artery disease on angiography, and echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction, the first quartile of M-score values was found to be independently associated with the composite endpoint (relative risk = 3.26, 95% confidence interval = 2.01-5.29, P<0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Cardiac Catheterization",
"Coronary Angiography",
"Coronary Artery Disease",
"Electrocardiography",
"Exercise Test",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Heart Conduction System",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Time Factors"
]
} | This study shows that a new index termed the M score, which incorporates QRS score and exercise duration, predicts mortality and occurrence of myocardial infarction at long-term follow-up of high-risk individuals, independently of TET-induced ST-segment changes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does duration of treadmill exercise testing combined with QRS score predict adverse cardiac outcome at long-term follow-up?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Total exercise duration and abnormal QRS score values are treadmill exercise testing (TET) prognostic parameters that have been shown to be significantly and independently associated with cardiac mortality. We evaluated the prognostic value of a new index (M score, Michaelides score) incorporating TET duration and QRS score values in a simple index.', 'In this study, we included 626 patients, who underwent TET and coronary arteriography. Cardiac catheterization showed the presence of coronary artery disease in 64.3% of these patients. The M score was calculated by adding the value of the Athens QRS score to the duration of TET (in minutes). The outcome measure was a composite of myocardial infarction or death. Patients were prospectively followed for 38+/-21 months (median 36 months).', \"The composite endpoint was more frequent among the patients of the 1st quartile (M-score values <-5.8). In univariate analysis, mortality of the first-quartile patients was significantly higher (14 vs. 1.1%, P<0.001). In multivariate Cox's regression analysis for age, sex, diabetes, smoking status, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, maximum ST depression at TET, angina during TET, coronary artery disease on angiography, and echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction, the first quartile of M-score values was found to be independently associated with the composite endpoint (relative risk = 3.26, 95% confidence interval = 2.01-5.29, P<0.001).\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Cardiac Catheterization', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Electrocardiography', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,081 | Does resistance training reduce the blood pressure response of older men during submaximum aerobic exercise? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to determine whether 16 weeks of resistance training (RT) can reduce the blood pressure response and improve the cardiovascular function of men aged 70-80 years during submaximum aerobic exercise.",
"Twenty-four men aged between 70 and 80 years were randomly assigned to an RT group (n = 12) and control group (n = 12). Training consisted of three sets of six to 10 repetitions at 70-90% of one repetition maximum, three times per week, on an incline squat machine for 16 weeks. Blood pressure and cardiovascular function were assessed during submaximum cycle exercise at 40 W, and 50 and 70% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) before training and after 16 weeks of training. Leg strength and VO2max were assessed every 4 weeks of the 16-week study.",
"At 40 W, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and rate pressure product were lower and stroke volume was significantly higher after 16 weeks of training. At 50% VO2max, heart rate and rate pressure product were lower after 16 weeks of training and at 70% VO2max, cycle ergometry power, VO2, and arterio-venous oxygen difference were higher after 16 weeks of training. Leg strength significantly increased after 16 weeks of training."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Blood Pressure",
"Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory",
"Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena",
"Exercise",
"Exercise Test",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Physical Education and Training",
"Physical Endurance",
"Physical Fitness"
]
} | Sixteen weeks of RT significantly reduces the blood pressure response and improves the cardiovascular function of older men during submaximum aerobic exercise. Therefore, RT not only increases muscular strength and hypertrophy but also provides significant cardiovascular benefits for older individuals. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does resistance training reduce the blood pressure response of older men during submaximum aerobic exercise?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of this study was to determine whether 16 weeks of resistance training (RT) can reduce the blood pressure response and improve the cardiovascular function of men aged 70-80 years during submaximum aerobic exercise.', 'Twenty-four men aged between 70 and 80 years were randomly assigned to an RT group (n = 12) and control group (n = 12). Training consisted of three sets of six to 10 repetitions at 70-90% of one repetition maximum, three times per week, on an incline squat machine for 16 weeks. Blood pressure and cardiovascular function were assessed during submaximum cycle exercise at 40 W, and 50 and 70% of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) before training and after 16 weeks of training. Leg strength and VO2max were assessed every 4 weeks of the 16-week study.', 'At 40 W, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and rate pressure product were lower and stroke volume was significantly higher after 16 weeks of training. At 50% VO2max, heart rate and rate pressure product were lower after 16 weeks of training and at 70% VO2max, cycle ergometry power, VO2, and arterio-venous oxygen difference were higher after 16 weeks of training. Leg strength significantly increased after 16 weeks of training.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Blood Pressure', 'Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Test', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Education and Training', 'Physical Endurance', 'Physical Fitness']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,603 | Is expression of heat shock protein 60 kDa upregulated in cervical cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Cervical cancer caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) continues to be the cause of yearly death among women. However, it is a curable disease when diagnosed at an early stage. Recently, several researches have reported that heat shock protein (HSP) 60, a chaperone protein of molecular weight of 60 kDa, is involved in carcinogenesis and apoptosis. In order to evaluate the prognostic significance of HSP60 in cervical cancer, we examined differences in the HSP60 expression between cervical cancer and normal tissues in women.",
"Tissue samples were collected from 20 cervical cancer patients and 20 normal controls. HSP60 expression of cervical cancer and normal tissues were verified by the 2D gel proteomics, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses.",
"In 2D proteomic analysis, an increase of HSP60 expression was detected in cervical cancer tissues and confirmed by Western blot analysis (p < 0.05). However, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of HSP60 did not display any significant differences between cervical cancer and normal tissues."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Blotting, Western",
"Chaperonin 60",
"Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Uterine Cervical Neoplasms"
]
} | These results suggest that HSP60 may be involved in the development of cervical cancer and have profound biological and prognostic significance. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is expression of heat shock protein 60 kDa upregulated in cervical cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cervical cancer caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) continues to be the cause of yearly death among women. However, it is a curable disease when diagnosed at an early stage. Recently, several researches have reported that heat shock protein (HSP) 60, a chaperone protein of molecular weight of 60 kDa, is involved in carcinogenesis and apoptosis. In order to evaluate the prognostic significance of HSP60 in cervical cancer, we examined differences in the HSP60 expression between cervical cancer and normal tissues in women.', 'Tissue samples were collected from 20 cervical cancer patients and 20 normal controls. HSP60 expression of cervical cancer and normal tissues were verified by the 2D gel proteomics, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analyses.', 'In 2D proteomic analysis, an increase of HSP60 expression was detected in cervical cancer tissues and confirmed by Western blot analysis (p < 0.05). However, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of HSP60 did not display any significant differences between cervical cancer and normal tissues.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Blotting, Western', 'Chaperonin 60', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,446 | Does choline supplementation reduce oxidative stress in mouse model of allergic airway disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Asthma is a multi-factorial inflammatory disease associated with increased oxidative stress and altered antioxidant defences. We have evaluated the effect of choline on oxidative stress in a mouse model of airway disease.",
"Balb/c mice were sensitised with 100 microg of ovalbumin on days 0 and 14, and challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin on days 25-27. Mice were administered 1 mg kg(-1) of choline via oral gavage or intranasal route on days 14-27. Mice were also administered 100 mg kg(-1) of alpha-lipoic acid as standard antioxidant. Total cell counts, eosinophils and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and isoprostanes levels were measured in BAL fluid. IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were also measured in BAL fluid and spleen cell culture supernatant. Nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) p65 protein expression was measured after last ovalbumin challenge in nuclear and cytosolic extracts of lungs.",
"Compared with ovalbumin-challenged mice, choline and alpha-lipoic acid treated mice had significantly reduced eosinophilic infiltration and EPO activity in BAL fluid. Choline and alpha-lipoic acid treatment reduced ROS production and isoprostanes level significantly in BAL fluid and thus suppressed oxidative stress. Choline and alpha-lipoic acid administration by either route decreased lipid peroxidation levels and down regulated NFkappaB activity. Further, choline and/or alpha-lipoic acid treatment suppressed TNF-alpha level significantly as compared with that of ovalbumin-challenged mice."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Inhalation",
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Asthma",
"Blotting, Western",
"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid",
"Choline",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Female",
"Inflammation",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Oxidative Stress"
]
} | Choline administration reduces oxidative stress possibly by modulating the redox status of the cell and inhibits inflammatory response in a mouse model. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does choline supplementation reduce oxidative stress in mouse model of allergic airway disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Asthma is a multi-factorial inflammatory disease associated with increased oxidative stress and altered antioxidant defences. We have evaluated the effect of choline on oxidative stress in a mouse model of airway disease.', 'Balb/c mice were sensitised with 100 microg of ovalbumin on days 0 and 14, and challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin on days 25-27. Mice were administered 1 mg kg(-1) of choline via oral gavage or intranasal route on days 14-27. Mice were also administered 100 mg kg(-1) of alpha-lipoic acid as standard antioxidant. Total cell counts, eosinophils and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and isoprostanes levels were measured in BAL fluid. IL-13 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were also measured in BAL fluid and spleen cell culture supernatant. Nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) p65 protein expression was measured after last ovalbumin challenge in nuclear and cytosolic extracts of lungs.', 'Compared with ovalbumin-challenged mice, choline and alpha-lipoic acid treated mice had significantly reduced eosinophilic infiltration and EPO activity in BAL fluid. Choline and alpha-lipoic acid treatment reduced ROS production and isoprostanes level significantly in BAL fluid and thus suppressed oxidative stress. Choline and alpha-lipoic acid administration by either route decreased lipid peroxidation levels and down regulated NFkappaB activity. Further, choline and/or alpha-lipoic acid treatment suppressed TNF-alpha level significantly as compared with that of ovalbumin-challenged mice.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Asthma', 'Blotting, Western', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Choline', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Inflammation', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Oxidative Stress']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,866 | Does apolipoprotein E-dependent accumulation of Alzheimer disease-related lesions begin in middle age? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the prevalence and age dependency of senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), the brain changes characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD), and their association with apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes in a community-dwelling normal population.",
"This neuropathological study used both silver staining and A beta immunohistochemistry in brain tissue microarrays, including SP coverage and NFT counts from frontal cortex and hippocampus, and APOE genotyping, and was performed on a consecutive prospective series of 603 subjects (aged between 0 and 97 years) of an unselected population living outside of institutions. Cases were subjected to autopsy following sudden or unexpected out-of-hospital death, covering 22.1% of the mortality of Tampere, Finland and its surroundings. None died of AD, although 22 (3.7%) were demented and 10 (1.7%) had memory problems.",
"Of the series, 30.8% had SP, and 42.1% had NFT; these occurred more commonly among females and showed a strong relationship with age. Both changes had already appeared at around 30 years of age, reaching an occurrence of almost 100% in the oldest. SP were more frequent in APOE epsilon 4-carriers compared with noncarriers in every age group except the oldest (>90 years). The difference was most evident during the ages 50 to 59 years, where 40.7% of epsilon 4-carriers had SP, compared with 8.2% in noncarriers (odds ratio, 8.39; 95% confidence interval, 2.55-27.62). The difference in NFT prevalence between APOE genotypes was not statistically significant in any age group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aging",
"Alzheimer Disease",
"Apolipoprotein E4",
"Apolipoproteins E",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Genetic Carrier Screening",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Plaque, Amyloid",
"Prospective Studies",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The brain changes associated with AD may already begin developing early in middle age, especially among APOE epsilon 4 carriers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does apolipoprotein E-dependent accumulation of Alzheimer disease-related lesions begin in middle age?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To study the prevalence and age dependency of senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), the brain changes characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD), and their association with apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes in a community-dwelling normal population.', 'This neuropathological study used both silver staining and A beta immunohistochemistry in brain tissue microarrays, including SP coverage and NFT counts from frontal cortex and hippocampus, and APOE genotyping, and was performed on a consecutive prospective series of 603 subjects (aged between 0 and 97 years) of an unselected population living outside of institutions. Cases were subjected to autopsy following sudden or unexpected out-of-hospital death, covering 22.1% of the mortality of Tampere, Finland and its surroundings. None died of AD, although 22 (3.7%) were demented and 10 (1.7%) had memory problems.', 'Of the series, 30.8% had SP, and 42.1% had NFT; these occurred more commonly among females and showed a strong relationship with age. Both changes had already appeared at around 30 years of age, reaching an occurrence of almost 100% in the oldest. SP were more frequent in APOE epsilon 4-carriers compared with noncarriers in every age group except the oldest (>90 years). The difference was most evident during the ages 50 to 59 years, where 40.7% of epsilon 4-carriers had SP, compared with 8.2% in noncarriers (odds ratio, 8.39; 95% confidence interval, 2.55-27.62). The difference in NFT prevalence between APOE genotypes was not statistically significant in any age group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aging', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Apolipoprotein E4', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Genetic Carrier Screening', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plaque, Amyloid', 'Prospective Studies', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,696 | Do anterior cingulate cortical volumes and treatment remission of geriatric depression? | {
"contexts": [
"Structural abnormalities of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may interfere with the interaction of cortical and limbic networks involved in emotional regulation and contribute to chronic depressive syndromes in the elderly. This study examined the relationship of regional anterior cingulate cortical volumes with treatment remission of elderly depressed patients. We hypothesized that patients who failed to remit during a 12-week controlled treatment trial of escitalopram would exhibit smaller anterior cingulate gray matter volumes than patients who remitted.",
"The participants were 41 non-demented individuals with non-psychotic major depression. After a 2-week single-blind placebo period, subjects who still had a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) of 18 or greater received escitalopram 10 mg daily for 12 weeks. Remission was defined as a HDRS score of 7 or below for at least 2 consecutive weeks. The patient sample consisted of 22 depressed patients who achieved remission during the study and 19 depressed patients who remained symptomatic. High-resolution magnetization-prepared rapidly acquired gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequences were acquired on a 1.5 T scanner and regional ACC volumes were manually outlined (dorsal, rostral, anterior subgenual, and posterior subgenual).",
"Repeated measure analyses revealed that patients who failed to remit following escitalopram treatment had smaller dorsal and rostral anterior cingulate gray matter volumes than patients who remitted, whereas subgenual cortical volumes did not differ between the groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation",
"Citalopram",
"Depressive Disorder, Major",
"Gyrus Cinguli",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Middle Aged",
"Organ Size",
"Remission Induction",
"Risk Factors",
"Single-Blind Method"
]
} | Structural abnormalities of the dorsal and rostral anterior cingulate may perpetuate late-life depression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do anterior cingulate cortical volumes and treatment remission of geriatric depression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Structural abnormalities of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may interfere with the interaction of cortical and limbic networks involved in emotional regulation and contribute to chronic depressive syndromes in the elderly. This study examined the relationship of regional anterior cingulate cortical volumes with treatment remission of elderly depressed patients. We hypothesized that patients who failed to remit during a 12-week controlled treatment trial of escitalopram would exhibit smaller anterior cingulate gray matter volumes than patients who remitted.', 'The participants were 41 non-demented individuals with non-psychotic major depression. After a 2-week single-blind placebo period, subjects who still had a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) of 18 or greater received escitalopram 10 mg daily for 12 weeks. Remission was defined as a HDRS score of 7 or below for at least 2 consecutive weeks. The patient sample consisted of 22 depressed patients who achieved remission during the study and 19 depressed patients who remained symptomatic. High-resolution magnetization-prepared rapidly acquired gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequences were acquired on a 1.5 T scanner and regional ACC volumes were manually outlined (dorsal, rostral, anterior subgenual, and posterior subgenual).', 'Repeated measure analyses revealed that patients who failed to remit following escitalopram treatment had smaller dorsal and rostral anterior cingulate gray matter volumes than patients who remitted, whereas subgenual cortical volumes did not differ between the groups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation', 'Citalopram', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Gyrus Cinguli', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Size', 'Remission Induction', 'Risk Factors', 'Single-Blind Method']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,405 | Does coordination of opposing sex-specific and core muscle groups regulate male tail posture during Caenorhabditis elegans male mating behavior? | {
"contexts": [
"To survive and reproduce, animals must be able to modify their motor behavior in response to changes in the environment. We studied a complex behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans, male mating behavior, which provided a model for understanding motor behaviors at the genetic, molecular as well as circuit level. C. elegans male mating behavior consists of a series of six sub-steps: response to contact, backing, turning, vulva location, spicule insertion, and sperm transfer. The male tail contains most of the sensory structures required for mating, in addition to the copulatory structures, and thus to carry out the steps of mating behavior, the male must keep his tail in contact with the hermaphrodite. However, because the hermaphrodite does not play an active role in mating and continues moving, the male must modify his tail posture to maintain contact. We provide a better understanding of the molecular and neuro-muscular pathways that regulate male tail posture during mating.",
"Genetic and laser ablation analysis, in conjunction with behavioral assays were used to determine neurotransmitters, receptors, neurons and muscles required for the regulation of male tail posture. We showed that proper male tail posture is maintained by the coordinated activity of opposing muscle groups that curl the tail ventrally and dorsally. Specifically, acetylcholine regulates both ventral and dorsal curling of the male tail, partially through anthelmintic levamisole-sensitive, nicotinic receptor subunits. Male-specific muscles are required for acetylcholine-driven ventral curling of the male tail but dorsal curling requires the dorsal body wall muscles shared by males and hermaphrodites. Gamma-aminobutyric acid activity is required for both dorsal and ventral acetylcholine-induced curling of the male tail and an inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, UNC-49, prevents over-curling of the male tail during mating, suggesting that cross-inhibition of muscle groups helps maintain proper tail posture."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcholine",
"Aldicarb",
"Animals",
"Caenorhabditis elegans",
"Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins",
"Cholinesterase Inhibitors",
"Levamisole",
"Male",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Muscles",
"Neurons",
"Nicotinic Agonists",
"Receptors, GABA",
"Receptors, Nicotinic",
"Serotonin",
"Sex Characteristics",
"Sexual Behavior, Animal",
"Tail",
"gamma-Aminobutyric Acid"
]
} | Our results demonstrated that coordination of opposing sex-specific and core muscle groups, through the activity of multiple neurotransmitters, is required for regulation of male tail posture during mating. We have provided a simple model for regulation of male tail posture that provides a foundation for studies of how genes, molecular pathways, and neural circuits contribute to sensory regulation of this motor behavior. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does coordination of opposing sex-specific and core muscle groups regulate male tail posture during Caenorhabditis elegans male mating behavior?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To survive and reproduce, animals must be able to modify their motor behavior in response to changes in the environment. We studied a complex behavior of Caenorhabditis elegans, male mating behavior, which provided a model for understanding motor behaviors at the genetic, molecular as well as circuit level. C. elegans male mating behavior consists of a series of six sub-steps: response to contact, backing, turning, vulva location, spicule insertion, and sperm transfer. The male tail contains most of the sensory structures required for mating, in addition to the copulatory structures, and thus to carry out the steps of mating behavior, the male must keep his tail in contact with the hermaphrodite. However, because the hermaphrodite does not play an active role in mating and continues moving, the male must modify his tail posture to maintain contact. We provide a better understanding of the molecular and neuro-muscular pathways that regulate male tail posture during mating.', 'Genetic and laser ablation analysis, in conjunction with behavioral assays were used to determine neurotransmitters, receptors, neurons and muscles required for the regulation of male tail posture. We showed that proper male tail posture is maintained by the coordinated activity of opposing muscle groups that curl the tail ventrally and dorsally. Specifically, acetylcholine regulates both ventral and dorsal curling of the male tail, partially through anthelmintic levamisole-sensitive, nicotinic receptor subunits. Male-specific muscles are required for acetylcholine-driven ventral curling of the male tail but dorsal curling requires the dorsal body wall muscles shared by males and hermaphrodites. Gamma-aminobutyric acid activity is required for both dorsal and ventral acetylcholine-induced curling of the male tail and an inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, UNC-49, prevents over-curling of the male tail during mating, suggesting that cross-inhibition of muscle groups helps maintain proper tail posture.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcholine', 'Aldicarb', 'Animals', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Levamisole', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscles', 'Neurons', 'Nicotinic Agonists', 'Receptors, GABA', 'Receptors, Nicotinic', 'Serotonin', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal', 'Tail', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,409 | Does bilobalide modulate serotonin-controlled behaviors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans? | {
"contexts": [
"Dysfunctions in the serotonergic system have been implicated in several neurological disorders such as depression. Elderly individuals who have been diagnosed with clinical depression show elevated cases of neurodegenerative diseases. This has led to suggestions that modulating the serotonin (5-HT) system could provide an alternative method to current therapies for alleviating these pathologies. The neuroprotective effects of bilobalide in vitro have been documented. We aim to determine whether bilobalide affects the 5-HT system in the nematode C. elegans. The wild type worms, as well as well-characterized 5-HT mutants, were fed with bilobalide in a range of concentrations, and several 5-HT controlled behaviors were tested.",
"We observed that bilobalide significantly inhibited 5-HT-controlled egg-laying behavior in a dose-dependent manner, which was blocked in the 5-HT receptor mutants (ser-4, mod-1), but not in the 5-HT transporter (mod-5) or synthesis (tph-1) mutants. Bilobalide also potentiated a 5-HT-controlled, experience-dependent locomotory behavior, termed the enhanced slowing response in the wild type animals. However, this effect was fully blocked in 5-HT receptor mod-1 and dopamine defective cat-2 mutants, but only partially blocked in ser-4 mutants. We also demonstrated that acetylcholine transmission was inhibited in a transgenic C. elegans strain that constitutively expresses Abeta, and bilobalide did not significantly affect this inhibition."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Aldicarb",
"Amyloid beta-Peptides",
"Animals",
"Animals, Genetically Modified",
"Behavior, Animal",
"Caenorhabditis elegans",
"Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins",
"Chloride Channels",
"Cholinesterase Inhibitors",
"Cyclopentanes",
"Dopamine",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Furans",
"Ginkgolides",
"Humans",
"Locomotion",
"Mutation",
"Piperazines",
"Pyridines",
"Receptors, Serotonin",
"Reproduction",
"Serotonin",
"Serotonin Antagonists"
]
} | These results suggest that bilobalide may modulate specific 5-HT receptor subtypes, which involves interplay with dopamine transmission. Additional studies for the function of bilobalide in neurotransmitter systems could aid in our understanding of its neuroprotective properties. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does bilobalide modulate serotonin-controlled behaviors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dysfunctions in the serotonergic system have been implicated in several neurological disorders such as depression. Elderly individuals who have been diagnosed with clinical depression show elevated cases of neurodegenerative diseases. This has led to suggestions that modulating the serotonin (5-HT) system could provide an alternative method to current therapies for alleviating these pathologies. The neuroprotective effects of bilobalide in vitro have been documented. We aim to determine whether bilobalide affects the 5-HT system in the nematode C. elegans. The wild type worms, as well as well-characterized 5-HT mutants, were fed with bilobalide in a range of concentrations, and several 5-HT controlled behaviors were tested.', 'We observed that bilobalide significantly inhibited 5-HT-controlled egg-laying behavior in a dose-dependent manner, which was blocked in the 5-HT receptor mutants (ser-4, mod-1), but not in the 5-HT transporter (mod-5) or synthesis (tph-1) mutants. Bilobalide also potentiated a 5-HT-controlled, experience-dependent locomotory behavior, termed the enhanced slowing response in the wild type animals. However, this effect was fully blocked in 5-HT receptor mod-1 and dopamine defective cat-2 mutants, but only partially blocked in ser-4 mutants. We also demonstrated that acetylcholine transmission was inhibited in a transgenic C. elegans strain that constitutively expresses Abeta, and bilobalide did not significantly affect this inhibition.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Factors', 'Aldicarb', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Caenorhabditis elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins', 'Chloride Channels', 'Cholinesterase Inhibitors', 'Cyclopentanes', 'Dopamine', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Furans', 'Ginkgolides', 'Humans', 'Locomotion', 'Mutation', 'Piperazines', 'Pyridines', 'Receptors, Serotonin', 'Reproduction', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Antagonists']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,173 | Does atrial natriuretic peptide suppress endothelin gene expression and proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts through a GATA4-dependent mechanism? | {
"contexts": [
"Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone that has both antihypertrophic and antifibrotic properties in the heart. We hypothesized that myocyte-derived ANP inhibits endothelin (ET) gene expression in fibroblasts.",
"We have investigated the mechanism(s) involved in the antiproliferative effect of ANP on cardiac fibroblasts in a cell culture model. We found that cardiac myocytes inhibited DNA synthesis in co-cultured cardiac fibroblasts as did treatment with the ET-1 antagonist BQ610. The effect of co-culture was reversed by antibody directed against ANP or the ANP receptor antagonist HS-142-1. ANP inhibited the expression of the ET-1 gene and ET-1 gene promoter activity in cultured fibroblasts. The site of the inhibition was localized to a GATA-binding site positioned between -132 and -135 upstream from the transcription start site. GATA4 expression was demonstrated in cardiac fibroblasts, GATA4 bound the ET-1 promoter both in vitro and in vivo, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of GATA4 inhibited ET-1 expression. ET-1 treatment resulted in increased levels of phospho-serine(105) GATA4 in cardiac fibroblasts and this induction was partially suppressed by co-treatment with ANP."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Atrial Natriuretic Factor",
"Autocrine Communication",
"Binding Sites",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Coculture Techniques",
"DNA Replication",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Down-Regulation",
"Endothelin-1",
"Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases",
"Fibroblasts",
"GATA4 Transcription Factor",
"Heart Ventricles",
"Myocytes, Cardiac",
"Oligopeptides",
"Paracrine Communication",
"Phosphorylation",
"Polysaccharides",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"RNA Interference",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor",
"Serine",
"Signal Transduction",
"Transcriptional Activation",
"Transfection"
]
} | Collectively, these findings suggest that locally produced ET-1 serves as an autocrine stimulator of fibroblast proliferation, that ANP produced in neighbouring myocytes serves as a paracrine inhibitor of this proliferation, and that the latter effect operates through a reduction in GATA4 phosphorylation and coincident reduction in GATA4-dependent transcriptional activity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does atrial natriuretic peptide suppress endothelin gene expression and proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts through a GATA4-dependent mechanism?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone that has both antihypertrophic and antifibrotic properties in the heart. We hypothesized that myocyte-derived ANP inhibits endothelin (ET) gene expression in fibroblasts.', 'We have investigated the mechanism(s) involved in the antiproliferative effect of ANP on cardiac fibroblasts in a cell culture model. We found that cardiac myocytes inhibited DNA synthesis in co-cultured cardiac fibroblasts as did treatment with the ET-1 antagonist BQ610. The effect of co-culture was reversed by antibody directed against ANP or the ANP receptor antagonist HS-142-1. ANP inhibited the expression of the ET-1 gene and ET-1 gene promoter activity in cultured fibroblasts. The site of the inhibition was localized to a GATA-binding site positioned between -132 and -135 upstream from the transcription start site. GATA4 expression was demonstrated in cardiac fibroblasts, GATA4 bound the ET-1 promoter both in vitro and in vivo, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of GATA4 inhibited ET-1 expression. ET-1 treatment resulted in increased levels of phospho-serine(105) GATA4 in cardiac fibroblasts and this induction was partially suppressed by co-treatment with ANP.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Autocrine Communication', 'Binding Sites', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coculture Techniques', 'DNA Replication', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Down-Regulation', 'Endothelin-1', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'Fibroblasts', 'GATA4 Transcription Factor', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Oligopeptides', 'Paracrine Communication', 'Phosphorylation', 'Polysaccharides', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA Interference', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Serine', 'Signal Transduction', 'Transcriptional Activation', 'Transfection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,792 | Is low catalase activity in blood associated with the diabetes caused by alloxan? | {
"contexts": [
"Hydrogen peroxide is enzymatically processed by catalase, and catalase deficiency in blood is known as acatalasemia. We examined whether low catalase activity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus.",
"Blood glucose, insulin and glucose tolerance test were examined in acatalasemic and normal mice under non-stress and oxidative stress conditions. Alloxan administration was used as oxidative stress.",
"Alloxan, which was a drug that caused diabetes mellitus, mostly generated hydrogen peroxide by the reaction of alloxan and reduced glutathione, in vitro. Incidence of hyperglycemia in alloxan-untreated acatalasemic mice was as low as that in the normal mice. However, the incidence of acatalasemia mice treated with alloxan was higher than that in normal mice, and the number of pancreatic beta-cells in the acatalasemic mice was less than that in normal mice."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acatalasia",
"Alloxan",
"Animals",
"Blood Glucose",
"Catalase",
"Diabetes Complications",
"Diabetes Mellitus",
"Glucose Tolerance Test",
"Glutathione",
"Hemolysis",
"Hydrogen Peroxide",
"Insulin",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Microscopy",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Pancreas",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | These results indicate that low catalase activity in the blood is associated with the diabetes mellitus caused by alloxan administration. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is low catalase activity in blood associated with the diabetes caused by alloxan?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hydrogen peroxide is enzymatically processed by catalase, and catalase deficiency in blood is known as acatalasemia. We examined whether low catalase activity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus.', 'Blood glucose, insulin and glucose tolerance test were examined in acatalasemic and normal mice under non-stress and oxidative stress conditions. Alloxan administration was used as oxidative stress.', 'Alloxan, which was a drug that caused diabetes mellitus, mostly generated hydrogen peroxide by the reaction of alloxan and reduced glutathione, in vitro. Incidence of hyperglycemia in alloxan-untreated acatalasemic mice was as low as that in the normal mice. However, the incidence of acatalasemia mice treated with alloxan was higher than that in normal mice, and the number of pancreatic beta-cells in the acatalasemic mice was less than that in normal mice.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acatalasia', 'Alloxan', 'Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Catalase', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Glutathione', 'Hemolysis', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Microscopy', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Pancreas', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,145 | Do physico-chemical characteristics of lipoplexes influence cell uptake mechanisms and transfection efficacy? | {
"contexts": [
"Formulation of DNA/cationic lipid complexes (lipoplexes) designed for nucleic acid delivery mostly results in positively charged particles which are thought to enter cells by endocytosis. We recently developed a lipoplex formulation called Neutraplex that allows preparation of both cationic and anionic stable complexes with similar lipid content and ultrastructure.",
"To assess whether the global net charge could influence cell uptake and activity of the transported oligonucleotides (on), we prepared lipoplexes with positive and negative charges and compared: (i) their physicochemical properties by zeta potential analysis and dynamic light scattering, (ii) their cell uptake by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and (iii) the biological activity of the transported ON using a splicing correction assay. We show that positively or negatively charged lipoplexes enter cells cells using both temperature-dependent and -independent uptake mechanisms. Specifically, positively charged lipoplexes predominantly use a temperature-dependent transport when cells are incubated OptiMEM medium. Anionic lipoplexes favour an energy-independent transport and show higher ON activity than cationic lipoplexes in presence of serum. However, lipoplexes with high positive global net charge and OptiMEM medium give the highest uptake and ON activity levels."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alternative Splicing",
"Anions",
"Cations",
"DNA",
"Endocytosis",
"Flow Cytometry",
"HeLa Cells",
"Humans",
"Light",
"Lipids",
"Microscopy, Fluorescence",
"Oligonucleotides",
"Oligonucleotides, Antisense",
"Particle Size",
"Scattering, Radiation",
"Temperature"
]
} | These findings suggest that, in addition to endocytosis, lipoplexes may enter cell via a temperature-independent mechanism, which could be mediated by lipid mixing. Such characteristics might arise from the specific lipoplex ultrastructure and should be taken into consideration when developing lipoplexes designed for in vivo or ex vivo nucleic acid transfer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do physico-chemical characteristics of lipoplexes influence cell uptake mechanisms and transfection efficacy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Formulation of DNA/cationic lipid complexes (lipoplexes) designed for nucleic acid delivery mostly results in positively charged particles which are thought to enter cells by endocytosis. We recently developed a lipoplex formulation called Neutraplex that allows preparation of both cationic and anionic stable complexes with similar lipid content and ultrastructure.', 'To assess whether the global net charge could influence cell uptake and activity of the transported oligonucleotides (on), we prepared lipoplexes with positive and negative charges and compared: (i) their physicochemical properties by zeta potential analysis and dynamic light scattering, (ii) their cell uptake by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and (iii) the biological activity of the transported ON using a splicing correction assay. We show that positively or negatively charged lipoplexes enter cells cells using both temperature-dependent and -independent uptake mechanisms. Specifically, positively charged lipoplexes predominantly use a temperature-dependent transport when cells are incubated OptiMEM medium. Anionic lipoplexes favour an energy-independent transport and show higher ON activity than cationic lipoplexes in presence of serum. However, lipoplexes with high positive global net charge and OptiMEM medium give the highest uptake and ON activity levels.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alternative Splicing', 'Anions', 'Cations', 'DNA', 'Endocytosis', 'Flow Cytometry', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Light', 'Lipids', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Oligonucleotides', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Particle Size', 'Scattering, Radiation', 'Temperature']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,762 | Do human intestinal epithelial cells promote the differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells? | {
"contexts": [
"In mice, a subpopulation of gut dendritic cells (DCs) expressing CD103 drives the development of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. Further, it was recently described that the cross-talk between human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and DCs helps in maintaining gut immune homeostasis via the induction of non-inflammatory DCs. In this study, an analysis was carried out to determine whether IECs could promote the differentiation of CD103+ tolerogenic DCs, and the function of primary CD103+ DCs isolated from human mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) was evaluated.",
"Monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and circulating CD1c+ DCs were conditioned or not with supernatants from Caco-2 cells or IECs isolated from healthy donors or donors with Crohn's disease and analysed for their ability to induce T(reg) cell differentiation. In some cases, transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), retinoic acid (RA) or thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were neutralised before conditioning. CD103+ and CD103- DCs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from MLNs and used in T(reg) cell differentiation experiments.",
"It was found that human IECs promoted the differentiation of tolerogenic DCs able to drive the development of adaptive Foxp3+ T(reg) cells. This control was lost in patients with Crohn's disease and paralleled a reduced expression of tolerogenic factors by primary IECs. MoDCs differentiated with RA or IEC supernatant upregulated the expression of CD103. Consistently, human primary CD103+ DCs isolated from MLNs were endowed with the ability to drive T(reg) cell differentiation. This subset of DCs expressed CCR7 and probably represents a lamina propria-derived migratory population."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antigens, CD",
"Caco-2 Cells",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Crohn Disease",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Humans",
"Immunity, Cellular",
"Integrin alpha Chains",
"Intestines",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory"
]
} | A population of tolerogenic CD103+ DCs was identified in the human gut that probably differentiate in response to IEC-derived factors and drive T(reg) cell development. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do human intestinal epithelial cells promote the differentiation of tolerogenic dendritic cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In mice, a subpopulation of gut dendritic cells (DCs) expressing CD103 drives the development of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. Further, it was recently described that the cross-talk between human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and DCs helps in maintaining gut immune homeostasis via the induction of non-inflammatory DCs. In this study, an analysis was carried out to determine whether IECs could promote the differentiation of CD103+ tolerogenic DCs, and the function of primary CD103+ DCs isolated from human mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) was evaluated.', \"Monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and circulating CD1c+ DCs were conditioned or not with supernatants from Caco-2 cells or IECs isolated from healthy donors or donors with Crohn's disease and analysed for their ability to induce T(reg) cell differentiation. In some cases, transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), retinoic acid (RA) or thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) were neutralised before conditioning. CD103+ and CD103- DCs were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from MLNs and used in T(reg) cell differentiation experiments.\", \"It was found that human IECs promoted the differentiation of tolerogenic DCs able to drive the development of adaptive Foxp3+ T(reg) cells. This control was lost in patients with Crohn's disease and paralleled a reduced expression of tolerogenic factors by primary IECs. MoDCs differentiated with RA or IEC supernatant upregulated the expression of CD103. Consistently, human primary CD103+ DCs isolated from MLNs were endowed with the ability to drive T(reg) cell differentiation. This subset of DCs expressed CCR7 and probably represents a lamina propria-derived migratory population.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antigens, CD', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Crohn Disease', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Integrin alpha Chains', 'Intestines', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,712 | Does porphyromonas gingivalis decrease osteoblast proliferation through IL-6-RANKL/OPG and MMP-9/TIMPs pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, is closely associated with inflammatory alveolar bone resorption. This bacterium exerts its pathogenic effect indirectly through multiple virulence factors, such as lipopolysaccharides, fimbriae, and proteases. Another possible pathogenic path may be through a direct interaction with the host's soft and hard tissues (e.g., alveolar bone), which could lead to periodontitis.",
"The aim of the present study was to investigate the direct effect of live and heat-inactivated P gingivalis on bone resorption, using an in vitro osteoblast culture model.",
"Optical microscopy and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide MTT assay revealed that live P gingivalis induced osteoblast detachment and reduced their proliferation. This effect was specific to live bacteria and was dependent on their concentration. Live P gingivalis increased IL-6 mRNA expression and protein production and downregulated RANKL and OPG mRNA expression. The effect of live P gingivalis on bone resorption was strengthened by an increase in MMP-9 expression and its activity. This increase was accompanied by an increase in TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression and protein production by osteoblasts infected with live P gingivalis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bone Resorption",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Coloring Agents",
"Down-Regulation",
"Host-Pathogen Interactions",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-6",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 2",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Osteoblasts",
"Osteoprotegerin",
"Porphyromonas gingivalis",
"RANK Ligand",
"Tetrazolium Salts",
"Thiazoles",
"Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1",
"Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2",
"Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases"
]
} | Overall, the results suggest that direct contact of P gingivalis with osteoblasts induces bone resorption through an inflammatory pathway that involves IL-6, RANKL/OPG, and MMP-9/TIMPs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does porphyromonas gingivalis decrease osteoblast proliferation through IL-6-RANKL/OPG and MMP-9/TIMPs pathways?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen, is closely associated with inflammatory alveolar bone resorption. This bacterium exerts its pathogenic effect indirectly through multiple virulence factors, such as lipopolysaccharides, fimbriae, and proteases. Another possible pathogenic path may be through a direct interaction with the host's soft and hard tissues (e.g., alveolar bone), which could lead to periodontitis.\", 'The aim of the present study was to investigate the direct effect of live and heat-inactivated P gingivalis on bone resorption, using an in vitro osteoblast culture model.', 'Optical microscopy and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide MTT assay revealed that live P gingivalis induced osteoblast detachment and reduced their proliferation. This effect was specific to live bacteria and was dependent on their concentration. Live P gingivalis increased IL-6 mRNA expression and protein production and downregulated RANKL and OPG mRNA expression. The effect of live P gingivalis on bone resorption was strengthened by an increase in MMP-9 expression and its activity. This increase was accompanied by an increase in TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression and protein production by osteoblasts infected with live P gingivalis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bone Resorption', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Coloring Agents', 'Down-Regulation', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteoprotegerin', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'RANK Ligand', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2', 'Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,254 | Does qualitative analysis of high-resolution CT scan in severe asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"High-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning is part of the management of severe asthma, but its application varies between centers. We sought to describe the HRCT scan abnormalities of a large severe asthma cohort and to determine the utility of clinical features to direct the use of HRCT scanning in this group of patients.",
"Subjects attending our Difficult Asthma Clinic (DAC) between February 2000 and November 2006 (n = 463) were extensively re-characterized and 185 underwent HRCT scan. The HRCT scans were analyzed qualitatively and the interobserver variability was assessed. Using logistic regression we defined clinical parameters that were associated with bronchiectasis (BE) and bronchial wall thickening (BWT) alone or in combination.",
"HRCT scan abnormalities were present in 80% of subjects and often coexisted with BWT (62%), BE (40%), and emphysema (8%). The interobserver agreement for BE (kappa = 0.76) and BWT (kappa = 0.63) was substantial. DAC patients who underwent HRCT scanning compared with those who did not were older, had longer disease duration, had poorer lung function, were receiving higher doses of corticosteroids, and had increased neutrophilic airway inflammation. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting BE clinically were 74% and 45%, respectively. FEV(1)/FVC ratio emerged as an important predictor for both BE and BWT but had poor discriminatory utility for subjects who did not have airway structural changes (FEV(1)/FVC ratio, >or= 75%; sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 65%)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Asthma",
"Bronchiectasis",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Forced Expiratory Volume",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Lung",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Observer Variation",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"ROC Curve",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Vital Capacity"
]
} | HRCT scan abnormalities are common in patients with severe asthma. Nonradiologic assessments fail to reliably predict important bronchial wall changes; therefore, CT scan acquisition may be required in all patients with severe asthma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does qualitative analysis of high-resolution CT scan in severe asthma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['High-resolution CT (HRCT) scanning is part of the management of severe asthma, but its application varies between centers. We sought to describe the HRCT scan abnormalities of a large severe asthma cohort and to determine the utility of clinical features to direct the use of HRCT scanning in this group of patients.', 'Subjects attending our Difficult Asthma Clinic (DAC) between February 2000 and November 2006 (n = 463) were extensively re-characterized and 185 underwent HRCT scan. The HRCT scans were analyzed qualitatively and the interobserver variability was assessed. Using logistic regression we defined clinical parameters that were associated with bronchiectasis (BE) and bronchial wall thickening (BWT) alone or in combination.', 'HRCT scan abnormalities were present in 80% of subjects and often coexisted with BWT (62%), BE (40%), and emphysema (8%). The interobserver agreement for BE (kappa = 0.76) and BWT (kappa = 0.63) was substantial. DAC patients who underwent HRCT scanning compared with those who did not were older, had longer disease duration, had poorer lung function, were receiving higher doses of corticosteroids, and had increased neutrophilic airway inflammation. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting BE clinically were 74% and 45%, respectively. FEV(1)/FVC ratio emerged as an important predictor for both BE and BWT but had poor discriminatory utility for subjects who did not have airway structural changes (FEV(1)/FVC ratio, >or= 75%; sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 65%).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Asthma', 'Bronchiectasis', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'ROC Curve', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vital Capacity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,603 | Does static magnetic field attenuate mortality rate of mice by increasing the production of IL-1 receptor antagonist? | {
"contexts": [
"Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex systemic thrombohemorrhagic disorder involving intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage. The aim of this study is to test whether static magnetic field (SMF) is effective in attenuating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DIC.",
"In vivo experiments were performed in this study using male BALB/cByJ mice. An intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg LPS was shown to lead to approximately 50% mortality and this dose was used in subsequent experiments. To test the effects of SMF on the survival rate of LPS-induced animals, the mice were exposed to 0.25-T SMF for 2 h before LPS injection. In addition, the effect of a 2-h SMF treatment on the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated.",
"In the first set of experiments, we found that the survival rate was higher in the SMF-exposed group than in the sham-exposed group. The circulating platelet (PLT) counts in the SMF-exposed mice were significantly higher than in the unexposed animals. However, no significant changes in inflammatory cytokine, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), in plasma were found after SMF treatment. The results from the second experiment showed that the plasma levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were higher in the SMF-exposed group than in the sham group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation",
"Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Magnetics",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Platelet Count"
]
} | Exposure to an SMF increases the plasma levels of IL-1ra. This effect may inhibit the reduction in PLT in plasma, resulting in prevention in LPS induced DIC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does static magnetic field attenuate mortality rate of mice by increasing the production of IL-1 receptor antagonist?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex systemic thrombohemorrhagic disorder involving intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage. The aim of this study is to test whether static magnetic field (SMF) is effective in attenuating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DIC.', 'In vivo experiments were performed in this study using male BALB/cByJ mice. An intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg LPS was shown to lead to approximately 50% mortality and this dose was used in subsequent experiments. To test the effects of SMF on the survival rate of LPS-induced animals, the mice were exposed to 0.25-T SMF for 2 h before LPS injection. In addition, the effect of a 2-h SMF treatment on the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated.', 'In the first set of experiments, we found that the survival rate was higher in the SMF-exposed group than in the sham-exposed group. The circulating platelet (PLT) counts in the SMF-exposed mice were significantly higher than in the unexposed animals. However, no significant changes in inflammatory cytokine, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), in plasma were found after SMF treatment. The results from the second experiment showed that the plasma levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were higher in the SMF-exposed group than in the sham group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation', 'Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Magnetics', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Platelet Count']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,547,753 | Does bDNF activate mTOR to regulate GluR1 expression required for memory formation? | {
"contexts": [
"The mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) kinase plays a key role in translational control of a subset of mRNAs through regulation of its initiation step. In neurons, mTOR is present at the synaptic region, where it modulates the activity-dependent expression of locally-translated proteins independently of mRNA synthesis. Indeed, mTOR is necessary for different forms of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory (LTM) formation. However, little is known about the time course of mTOR activation and the extracellular signals governing this process or the identity of the proteins whose translation is regulated by this kinase, during mnemonic processing.",
"Here we show that consolidation of inhibitory avoidance (IA) LTM entails mTOR activation in the dorsal hippocampus at the moment of and 3 h after training and is associated with a rapid and rapamycin-sensitive increase in AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit expression, which was also blocked by intra-hippocampal delivery of GluR1 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). In addition, we found that pre- or post-training administration of function-blocking anti-BDNF antibodies into dorsal CA1 hampered IA LTM retention, abolished the learning-induced biphasic activation of mTOR and its readout, p70S6K and blocked GluR1 expression, indicating that BDNF is an upstream factor controlling mTOR signaling during fear-memory consolidation. Interestingly, BDNF ASO hindered LTM retention only when given into dorsal CA1 1 h after but not 2 h before training, suggesting that BDNF controls the biphasic requirement of mTOR during LTM consolidation through different mechanisms: an early one involving BDNF already available at the moment of training, and a late one, happening around 3 h post-training that needs de novo synthesis of this neurotrophin."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor",
"Hippocampus",
"Male",
"Memory",
"Models, Biological",
"Neuronal Plasticity",
"Protein Kinases",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Receptors, AMPA",
"Synapses",
"TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases",
"Time Factors"
]
} | IN CONCLUSION, OUR FINDINGS DEMONSTRATE THAT: 1) mTOR-mediated mRNA translation is required for memory consolidation during at least two restricted time windows; 2) this kinase acts downstream BDNF in the hippocampus and; 3) it controls the increase of synaptic GluR1 necessary for memory consolidation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does bDNF activate mTOR to regulate GluR1 expression required for memory formation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) kinase plays a key role in translational control of a subset of mRNAs through regulation of its initiation step. In neurons, mTOR is present at the synaptic region, where it modulates the activity-dependent expression of locally-translated proteins independently of mRNA synthesis. Indeed, mTOR is necessary for different forms of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory (LTM) formation. However, little is known about the time course of mTOR activation and the extracellular signals governing this process or the identity of the proteins whose translation is regulated by this kinase, during mnemonic processing.', 'Here we show that consolidation of inhibitory avoidance (IA) LTM entails mTOR activation in the dorsal hippocampus at the moment of and 3 h after training and is associated with a rapid and rapamycin-sensitive increase in AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit expression, which was also blocked by intra-hippocampal delivery of GluR1 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). In addition, we found that pre- or post-training administration of function-blocking anti-BDNF antibodies into dorsal CA1 hampered IA LTM retention, abolished the learning-induced biphasic activation of mTOR and its readout, p70S6K and blocked GluR1 expression, indicating that BDNF is an upstream factor controlling mTOR signaling during fear-memory consolidation. Interestingly, BDNF ASO hindered LTM retention only when given into dorsal CA1 1 h after but not 2 h before training, suggesting that BDNF controls the biphasic requirement of mTOR during LTM consolidation through different mechanisms: an early one involving BDNF already available at the moment of training, and a late one, happening around 3 h post-training that needs de novo synthesis of this neurotrophin.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Models, Biological', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Protein Kinases', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, AMPA', 'Synapses', 'TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,390 | Does inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins promote therapeutic revascularization? | {
"contexts": [
"The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) subunits are destabilized via the O(2)-dependent prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3). We investigated whether inhibition of PHDs via upregulating HIF might promote postischemic neovascularization.",
"Mice with right femoral artery ligation were treated, by in vivo electrotransfer, with plasmids encoding for an irrelevant short hairpin RNA (shRNA) (shCON [control]) or specific shRNAs directed against HIF-1alpha (shHIF-1alpha), PHD1 (shPHD1), PHD2 (shPHD2), and PHD3 (shPHD3). The silencing of PHDs induced a specific and transient downregulation of their respective mRNA and protein levels at day 2 after ischemia and, as expected, upregulated HIF-1alpha. As a consequence, 2 key hypoxia-inducible proangiogenic actors, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, were upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA levels and infiltration of Mac-3-positive macrophages were enhanced in ischemic leg of mice treated with shPHD2 and shPHD3. Furthermore, activation of HIF-1alpha-related pathways was associated with changes in postischemic neovascularization. At day 14, silencing of PHD2 and PHD3 increased vessel density by 2.2- and 2.6-fold, capillary density by 1.8- and 2.1-fold, and foot perfusion by 1.2- and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared with shCON (P<0.001). shPHD1 displayed a lower proangiogenic effect. Of interest, coadministration of shHIF-1alpha with shPHD3 abrogated shPHD3-related effects, suggesting that activation of endogenous HIF-1-dependent pathways mediated the proangiogenic effects of PHD silencing."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Chemokines",
"Femoral Artery",
"Gene Silencing",
"Genetic Therapy",
"Hindlimb",
"Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit",
"Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases",
"Inflammation",
"Ischemia",
"Macrophages",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III",
"Plasmids",
"Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Signal Transduction",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | We demonstrated that a direct inhibition of PHDs, and more particularly PHD3, promoted therapeutic revascularization. Furthermore, we showed that activation of the HIF-1 signaling pathway is required to promote this revascularization. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins promote therapeutic revascularization?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) subunits are destabilized via the O(2)-dependent prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3). We investigated whether inhibition of PHDs via upregulating HIF might promote postischemic neovascularization.', 'Mice with right femoral artery ligation were treated, by in vivo electrotransfer, with plasmids encoding for an irrelevant short hairpin RNA (shRNA) (shCON [control]) or specific shRNAs directed against HIF-1alpha (shHIF-1alpha), PHD1 (shPHD1), PHD2 (shPHD2), and PHD3 (shPHD3). The silencing of PHDs induced a specific and transient downregulation of their respective mRNA and protein levels at day 2 after ischemia and, as expected, upregulated HIF-1alpha. As a consequence, 2 key hypoxia-inducible proangiogenic actors, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, were upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA levels and infiltration of Mac-3-positive macrophages were enhanced in ischemic leg of mice treated with shPHD2 and shPHD3. Furthermore, activation of HIF-1alpha-related pathways was associated with changes in postischemic neovascularization. At day 14, silencing of PHD2 and PHD3 increased vessel density by 2.2- and 2.6-fold, capillary density by 1.8- and 2.1-fold, and foot perfusion by 1.2- and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared with shCON (P<0.001). shPHD1 displayed a lower proangiogenic effect. Of interest, coadministration of shHIF-1alpha with shPHD3 abrogated shPHD3-related effects, suggesting that activation of endogenous HIF-1-dependent pathways mediated the proangiogenic effects of PHD silencing.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Chemokines', 'Femoral Artery', 'Gene Silencing', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Hindlimb', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases', 'Inflammation', 'Ischemia', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Plasmids', 'Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Signal Transduction', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,078 | Is the palmar fat pad a reliable intraoperative landmark during carpal tunnel release? | {
"contexts": [
"During endoscopic or open carpal tunnel release, a palmar fat pad is visualized immediately proximal to the distal end of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL). Visualization of the fat pad allows anticipation of complete release of the TCL without unnecessary distal dissection that could risk iatrogenic injury. This study defines the anatomic relationship of the distal edge of the TCL to the fat pad, the superficial palmar arch, and the motor branch of the median nerve.",
"Eighteen fresh-frozen cadaver hands were dissected, and the proximal aspect of the palmar fat pad, the distal edge of the TCL, the superficial palmar arch, and the motor branch of the median nerve were identified. An electronic caliper was used to measure distances between each structure along the axis of the radial border of the ring finger. A subset of 8 hands was radiographically imaged with fingers flexed and extended (wrist neutral) to determine if finger positioning influenced measurements between marked structures.",
"The proximal aspect of the palmar fat pad is 2.0 mm proximal to the distal edge of the TCL. The distal end of the TCL, as measured along the axis of the radial border of the ring finger is 12.7 mm from the most proximal aspect of the palmar arch and 6.5 mm from the nearest aspect of the motor branch. Flexing the fingers decreases the distance between the distal end of the TCL and the fat pad while not markedly affecting the distance between the TCL and the palmar arch or the motor branch."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipose Tissue",
"Cadaver",
"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome",
"Decompression, Surgical",
"Dissection",
"Endoscopy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Ligaments, Articular",
"Male",
"Median Nerve",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Wrist Joint"
]
} | The palmar fat pad is a reliable anatomic landmark during carpal tunnel release. When dividing the TCL from proximal to distal, visualization of the proximal aspect of the fat pad indicates that the distal edge of the TCL is within approximately 2 mm and indicates that distal dissection beyond this extent is unnecessary. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the palmar fat pad a reliable intraoperative landmark during carpal tunnel release?\nContext: {'contexts': ['During endoscopic or open carpal tunnel release, a palmar fat pad is visualized immediately proximal to the distal end of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL). Visualization of the fat pad allows anticipation of complete release of the TCL without unnecessary distal dissection that could risk iatrogenic injury. This study defines the anatomic relationship of the distal edge of the TCL to the fat pad, the superficial palmar arch, and the motor branch of the median nerve.', 'Eighteen fresh-frozen cadaver hands were dissected, and the proximal aspect of the palmar fat pad, the distal edge of the TCL, the superficial palmar arch, and the motor branch of the median nerve were identified. An electronic caliper was used to measure distances between each structure along the axis of the radial border of the ring finger. A subset of 8 hands was radiographically imaged with fingers flexed and extended (wrist neutral) to determine if finger positioning influenced measurements between marked structures.', 'The proximal aspect of the palmar fat pad is 2.0 mm proximal to the distal edge of the TCL. The distal end of the TCL, as measured along the axis of the radial border of the ring finger is 12.7 mm from the most proximal aspect of the palmar arch and 6.5 mm from the nearest aspect of the motor branch. Flexing the fingers decreases the distance between the distal end of the TCL and the fat pad while not markedly affecting the distance between the TCL and the palmar arch or the motor branch.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipose Tissue', 'Cadaver', 'Carpal Tunnel Syndrome', 'Decompression, Surgical', 'Dissection', 'Endoscopy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ligaments, Articular', 'Male', 'Median Nerve', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Wrist Joint']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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