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19,564,306 | Does apolipoprotein E genotype modify the risk of behavior problems after infant cardiac surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal was to evaluate polymorphisms of the APOE gene as modifiers of neurobehavioral outcomes for preschool-aged children with congenital heart defects, after cardiac surgery.",
"A prospective observational study with neurodevelopmental evaluation between the fourth and fifth birthdays was performed. Attention and behavioral skills were assessed through parental report.",
"Parents of 380 children completed the neurobehavioral measures. Child Behavior Checklist scores for the pervasive developmental problem scale were in the at-risk or clinically significant range for 15% of the cohort, compared with 9% for the normative data (P < .00001). Attention problem scores were in the at-risk or clinically significant range for 12% of the cohort, compared with 7% for the normative data (P = .0002). The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV, Preschool Version, was completed for 378 children; 30% scored in the clinically significant range for inattention and 22% for impulsivity. After adjustment for covariates, the APOE epsilon2 allele was significantly associated with higher scores (worse problems) for multiple Child Behavior Checklist indices, including somatic complaints (P = .009), pervasive developmental problems (P = .032), and internalizing problems (P = .009). In each case, the epsilon4 allele was associated with a better outcome. APOE epsilon2 carriers had impaired social skills, compared with epsilon4 carriers (P = .009)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apolipoproteins E",
"Attention",
"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity",
"Child Behavior Disorders",
"Child Development Disorders, Pervasive",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Heart Defects, Congenital",
"Humans",
"Impulsive Behavior",
"Interpersonal Relations",
"Male",
"Postoperative Period",
"Prevalence",
"Prospective Studies",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | For preschool-aged children with congenital heart defects requiring surgery, parental rating scales showed an increased prevalence of restricted behavior patterns, inattention, and impaired social interactions. The APOE epsilon2 allele was associated with increased behavior problems, impaired social interactions, and restricted behavior patterns. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does apolipoprotein E genotype modify the risk of behavior problems after infant cardiac surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The goal was to evaluate polymorphisms of the APOE gene as modifiers of neurobehavioral outcomes for preschool-aged children with congenital heart defects, after cardiac surgery.', 'A prospective observational study with neurodevelopmental evaluation between the fourth and fifth birthdays was performed. Attention and behavioral skills were assessed through parental report.', 'Parents of 380 children completed the neurobehavioral measures. Child Behavior Checklist scores for the pervasive developmental problem scale were in the at-risk or clinically significant range for 15% of the cohort, compared with 9% for the normative data (P < .00001). Attention problem scores were in the at-risk or clinically significant range for 12% of the cohort, compared with 7% for the normative data (P = .0002). The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV, Preschool Version, was completed for 378 children; 30% scored in the clinically significant range for inattention and 22% for impulsivity. After adjustment for covariates, the APOE epsilon2 allele was significantly associated with higher scores (worse problems) for multiple Child Behavior Checklist indices, including somatic complaints (P = .009), pervasive developmental problems (P = .032), and internalizing problems (P = .009). In each case, the epsilon4 allele was associated with a better outcome. APOE epsilon2 carriers had impaired social skills, compared with epsilon4 carriers (P = .009).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apolipoproteins E', 'Attention', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Child Behavior Disorders', 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Heart Defects, Congenital', 'Humans', 'Impulsive Behavior', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Postoperative Period', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,246 | Is the adipokine zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein ( ZAG ) downregulated with fat mass expansion in obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a novel adipokine, which may act locally to influence adipocyte metabolism. This study assessed the effect of increased adiposity on ZAG expression in adipose tissue in human subjects. The study also examined the association between ZAG and adiponectin expression in human adipose tissue, and whether ZAG modulates adiponectin secretion by human adipocytes.",
"Adipose tissue (visceral and subcutaneous) was collected from human subjects with a wide range of BMIs. Human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes were used for in vitro studies. ZAG mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR and protein by Western blotting.",
"In human subjects, ZAG mRNA level was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.61, P < 0.001, n = 23, visceral; r = -0.6, P < 0.05, n = 14, subcutaneous) and fat mass (r = -0.62, P < 0.01, visceral; r = -0.6, P < 0.05, subcutaneous). Negative associations were also found between ZAG mRNA and insulin resistance parameters including plasma insulin (r = -0.65, P < 0.001, visceral; r = -0.55, P < 0.05, subcutaneous) and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = -0.65, P < 0.001, visceral; r = -0.52, P = 0.055, subcutaneous), and C reactive protein (CRP) (r = -0.46, P < 0.05, visceral; r = -0.53, P < 0.05, subcutaneous). However, ZAG mRNA was positively correlated with adiponectin (r = 0.5, P < 0.05, visceral; r = 0.82, P < 0.001, subcutaneous) but negatively associated with leptin mRNA (r = -0.42, P < 0.05, visceral; r = -0.54, P < 0.05, subcutaneous). ZAG secretion by differentiated human adipocytes was abundant. Addition of recombinant ZAG stimulated adiponectin release from human adipocytes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipocytes",
"Adipokines",
"Adiponectin",
"Adiposity",
"Adult",
"Female",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Intra-Abdominal Fat",
"Leptin",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Seminal Plasma Proteins",
"Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal"
]
} | ZAG gene expression in adipose tissue is downregulated with increased adiposity and circulating insulin. ZAG mRNA is positively correlated with adiponectin mRNA, and ZAG enhances adiponectin production by human adipocytes. We suggest that ZAG is linked to obesity and obesity-related insulin resistance. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the adipokine zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein ( ZAG ) downregulated with fat mass expansion in obesity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a novel adipokine, which may act locally to influence adipocyte metabolism. This study assessed the effect of increased adiposity on ZAG expression in adipose tissue in human subjects. The study also examined the association between ZAG and adiponectin expression in human adipose tissue, and whether ZAG modulates adiponectin secretion by human adipocytes.', 'Adipose tissue (visceral and subcutaneous) was collected from human subjects with a wide range of BMIs. Human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes were used for in vitro studies. ZAG mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR and protein by Western blotting.', 'In human subjects, ZAG mRNA level was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.61, P < 0.001, n = 23, visceral; r = -0.6, P < 0.05, n = 14, subcutaneous) and fat mass (r = -0.62, P < 0.01, visceral; r = -0.6, P < 0.05, subcutaneous). Negative associations were also found between ZAG mRNA and insulin resistance parameters including plasma insulin (r = -0.65, P < 0.001, visceral; r = -0.55, P < 0.05, subcutaneous) and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = -0.65, P < 0.001, visceral; r = -0.52, P = 0.055, subcutaneous), and C reactive protein (CRP) (r = -0.46, P < 0.05, visceral; r = -0.53, P < 0.05, subcutaneous). However, ZAG mRNA was positively correlated with adiponectin (r = 0.5, P < 0.05, visceral; r = 0.82, P < 0.001, subcutaneous) but negatively associated with leptin mRNA (r = -0.42, P < 0.05, visceral; r = -0.54, P < 0.05, subcutaneous). ZAG secretion by differentiated human adipocytes was abundant. Addition of recombinant ZAG stimulated adiponectin release from human adipocytes.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipocytes', 'Adipokines', 'Adiponectin', 'Adiposity', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Intra-Abdominal Fat', 'Leptin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Seminal Plasma Proteins', 'Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,249 | Does short-term overt hypothyroidism induce sympathovagal imbalance in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Thyroid hormone impacts on the cardiovascular system. (Subclinical) hyperthyroidism results in sympathovagal imbalance due to decreased vagal tone. However, conflicting data have been reported on the effects of hypothyroidism on the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In hypothyroidism, both increased and decreased sympathetic activity and increased vagal tone have been found.",
"To study the effects of acute short-term overt hypothyroidism and thyroxine replacement therapy on the ANS by measuring urinary excretion of catecholamines and heart rate variability (HRV).",
"Prospective study.",
"University hospital.",
"We studied 11 patients, previously treated with thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, during hypothyroidism caused by cessation of thyroxine substitution for 4 weeks and during thyroxine replacement therapy, and 21 matched healthy controls.",
"The activity of the ANS was assessed by measuring urinary excretion of catecholamines and HRV at rest and during a challenge of the ANS by a mental stress test.",
"Urinary dopamine excretion was significantly lower during hypothyroidism. Although in the patients total variability was unchanged, HRV analysis showed a significantly lower low frequency/high frequency ratio, indicating sympathovagal imbalance with sympathetic withdrawal. The mental stress test in the patients resulted in a significant increase in heart rate to the extent of 16-18%. This response was not different between the hypothyroid state and during thyroxine replacement therapy suggesting that cardiovascular reflexes in these patients remain intact."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Autonomic Nervous System",
"Carcinoma",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Catecholamines",
"Female",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Hypothyroidism",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Stress, Psychological",
"Thyroid Neoplasms",
"Thyroidectomy",
"Thyroxine"
]
} | Acute short-term overt hypothyroidism results in sympathovagal imbalance with sympathetic withdrawal, with preservation of the cardiovascular reflexes to (mental) stress. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does short-term overt hypothyroidism induce sympathovagal imbalance in thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Thyroid hormone impacts on the cardiovascular system. (Subclinical) hyperthyroidism results in sympathovagal imbalance due to decreased vagal tone. However, conflicting data have been reported on the effects of hypothyroidism on the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In hypothyroidism, both increased and decreased sympathetic activity and increased vagal tone have been found.', 'To study the effects of acute short-term overt hypothyroidism and thyroxine replacement therapy on the ANS by measuring urinary excretion of catecholamines and heart rate variability (HRV).', 'Prospective study.', 'University hospital.', 'We studied 11 patients, previously treated with thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma, during hypothyroidism caused by cessation of thyroxine substitution for 4 weeks and during thyroxine replacement therapy, and 21 matched healthy controls.', 'The activity of the ANS was assessed by measuring urinary excretion of catecholamines and HRV at rest and during a challenge of the ANS by a mental stress test.', 'Urinary dopamine excretion was significantly lower during hypothyroidism. Although in the patients total variability was unchanged, HRV analysis showed a significantly lower low frequency/high frequency ratio, indicating sympathovagal imbalance with sympathetic withdrawal. The mental stress test in the patients resulted in a significant increase in heart rate to the extent of 16-18%. This response was not different between the hypothyroid state and during thyroxine replacement therapy suggesting that cardiovascular reflexes in these patients remain intact.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Carcinoma', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Catecholamines', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Hypothyroidism', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Thyroidectomy', 'Thyroxine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,431 | Is hIV-1 replication differentially regulated by distinct clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Tuberculosis (TB) is the largest cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, having claimed an estimated one third to one half of the 30 million AIDS deaths that have occurred worldwide. Different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb), the causative agent of TB, are known to modify the host immune response in a strain-specific manner. However, a MTb strain-specific impact upon the regulation of HIV-1 replication has not previously been established.",
"[corrected] We isolated normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and co-infected them with HIV-1 and with either the well characterized CDC1551 or HN878 MTb clinical isolate. We show that HIV-1 co-infection with the CDC1551 MTb strain results in higher levels of virus replication relative to co-infection with the HN878 MTb strain ex vivo. Furthermore, we show that the distinct pattern of CDC1551 or HN878 induced HIV-1 replication is associated with significantly increased levels of TNF and IL-6, and of the transcription and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, by CDC1551 relative to HN878."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biological Transport",
"Cell Nucleus",
"Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay",
"HIV-1",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-6",
"Monocytes",
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis",
"Species Specificity",
"Transcription, Genetic",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Virus Replication"
]
} | These results provide a precedent for TB strain-specific effects upon HIV-1 replication and thus for TB strain-specific pathogenesis in the outcome of HIV-1/TB co-infection. MTb strain-specific factors and mechanisms involved in the regulation of HIV-1 during co-infection will be of importance in understanding the basic pathogenesis of HIV-1/TB co-infection. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is hIV-1 replication differentially regulated by distinct clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tuberculosis (TB) is the largest cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, having claimed an estimated one third to one half of the 30 million AIDS deaths that have occurred worldwide. Different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb), the causative agent of TB, are known to modify the host immune response in a strain-specific manner. However, a MTb strain-specific impact upon the regulation of HIV-1 replication has not previously been established.', '[corrected] We isolated normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and co-infected them with HIV-1 and with either the well characterized CDC1551 or HN878 MTb clinical isolate. We show that HIV-1 co-infection with the CDC1551 MTb strain results in higher levels of virus replication relative to co-infection with the HN878 MTb strain ex vivo. Furthermore, we show that the distinct pattern of CDC1551 or HN878 induced HIV-1 replication is associated with significantly increased levels of TNF and IL-6, and of the transcription and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, by CDC1551 relative to HN878.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biological Transport', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Monocytes', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Species Specificity', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Virus Replication']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,972 | Does prevalence and correlate of mothers and fathers attending pretest cancer genetic counseling together? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the prevalence of fathers' attendance at pretest cancer genetic counseling sessions with mothers undergoing BRCA1/2 genetic testing for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) risk, and to identify psychosocial and other correlates of fathers' attendance.",
"One hundred and twenty-one fathers of minor-age children who were spouses/partners of women (mothers) undergoing such counseling and testing were recruited, completed a behavioral self-report survey, and provided data about their sociodemographic backgrounds, father-child cancer communication histories, parenting relationship quality, and information-seeking and perceived knowledge.",
"A total of 27.3% of fathers attended pretest cancer genetic counseling with mothers. Compared to fathers who did not attend pretest cancer genetic counseling, those who did had stronger parenting alliances with mothers, were more likely to have sought out information about BRCA1/2 testing, and felt more informed about testing. In an adjusted logistic regression model of session attendance, the strength of the parenting alliance was associated with a 6% increase in the likelihood of attending genetic counseling (odds ratio [OR]=1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01, 1.12, p<.05) and greater perceived knowledge about BRCA1/2 testing was associated with a four-fold increase in the likelihood of session attendance (OR=4.03, CI=1.77, 9.37, p<.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"BRCA1 Protein",
"BRCA2 Protein",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Confidence Intervals",
"Fathers",
"Female",
"Genetic Counseling",
"Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Mothers",
"Odds Ratio",
"Ovarian Neoplasms",
"Prevalence",
"Statistics as Topic"
]
} | One in three fathers attend pretest cancer genetic counseling with mothers undergoing BRCA1/2 testing; those who do have closer parenting relationships and are more informed about BRCA1/2 testing. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does prevalence and correlate of mothers and fathers attending pretest cancer genetic counseling together?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To determine the prevalence of fathers' attendance at pretest cancer genetic counseling sessions with mothers undergoing BRCA1/2 genetic testing for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (HBOC) risk, and to identify psychosocial and other correlates of fathers' attendance.\", 'One hundred and twenty-one fathers of minor-age children who were spouses/partners of women (mothers) undergoing such counseling and testing were recruited, completed a behavioral self-report survey, and provided data about their sociodemographic backgrounds, father-child cancer communication histories, parenting relationship quality, and information-seeking and perceived knowledge.', 'A total of 27.3% of fathers attended pretest cancer genetic counseling with mothers. Compared to fathers who did not attend pretest cancer genetic counseling, those who did had stronger parenting alliances with mothers, were more likely to have sought out information about BRCA1/2 testing, and felt more informed about testing. In an adjusted logistic regression model of session attendance, the strength of the parenting alliance was associated with a 6% increase in the likelihood of attending genetic counseling (odds ratio [OR]=1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.01, 1.12, p<.05) and greater perceived knowledge about BRCA1/2 testing was associated with a four-fold increase in the likelihood of session attendance (OR=4.03, CI=1.77, 9.37, p<.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['BRCA1 Protein', 'BRCA2 Protein', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Fathers', 'Female', 'Genetic Counseling', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Mothers', 'Odds Ratio', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Prevalence', 'Statistics as Topic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,703 | Is branch segment occlusion with acute myocardial infarction a risk for left ventricular free wall rupture? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) whose culprit lesion lies in a branch of the 3 major coronary arteries have well-preserved cardiac function. A first MI with preserved cardiac function is a risk factor for left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR), so the aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between AMI with branch segment occlusion and LVFWR.",
"The 439 patients with AMI were retrospectively studied. They were divided into 2 groups: group B (n=70; segments 4 atrioventricular node artery, 4 posterior descending coronary artery, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, or 15 according to the AHA classification), and group P (n=369; segments 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, or 13). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was more often performed in group P (75% vs 57%; P=0.0018). In-hospital mortality tended to be lower in group B (1.4% vs 6.2%; P=0.105). The incidence of LVFWR was significantly higher in group B (10.0% vs 1.6%; P=0.0002).By multivariate logistic regression analysis, 1-vessel disease, absence of primary PCI, branch segment occlusion, and age were identified as independent predictors of LVFWR."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary",
"Arterial Occlusive Diseases",
"Coronary Artery Disease",
"Heart Rupture",
"Hospital Mortality",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk"
]
} | The incidence of LVFWR was higher in group B and branch segment occlusion was identified as an independent predictor of LVFWR. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is branch segment occlusion with acute myocardial infarction a risk for left ventricular free wall rupture?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) whose culprit lesion lies in a branch of the 3 major coronary arteries have well-preserved cardiac function. A first MI with preserved cardiac function is a risk factor for left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR), so the aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between AMI with branch segment occlusion and LVFWR.', 'The 439 patients with AMI were retrospectively studied. They were divided into 2 groups: group B (n=70; segments 4 atrioventricular node artery, 4 posterior descending coronary artery, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, or 15 according to the AHA classification), and group P (n=369; segments 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, or 13). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was more often performed in group P (75% vs 57%; P=0.0018). In-hospital mortality tended to be lower in group B (1.4% vs 6.2%; P=0.105). The incidence of LVFWR was significantly higher in group B (10.0% vs 1.6%; P=0.0002).By multivariate logistic regression analysis, 1-vessel disease, absence of primary PCI, branch segment occlusion, and age were identified as independent predictors of LVFWR.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Heart Rupture', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,558,550 | Is subclinical onychomycosis associated with tinea pedis? | {
"contexts": [
"Onychomycosis is a common cause of nail dystrophy and may be associated with tinea pedis. The presence of dermatophyte fungi in clinically normal nails is unknown.",
"To assess the presence of dermatophyte fungi in normal-appearing toenails and to compare the risk of subclinical dermatophytosis in patients without and with concurrent tinea pedis.",
"This is a prospective, University-based study of adults without and with microscopically confirmed tinea pedis. Subjects with dystrophy of any toenail were excluded, as were those ever previously diagnosed as having onychomycosis and those who had used topical antifungals in the past year. A great toenail clipping obtained from each subject was submitted for periodic acid-Schiff histology.",
"One hundred and one subjects (63 men and 38 women, mean +/- SD age 45.4 +/- 15.7 years) were included. Overall, septate hyphae (ostensibly dermatophyte) were identified in seven specimens. Of the 66 control subjects, one case (1.5%) of nail dermatophyte was identified. Of the 35 subjects with tinea pedis, six cases (17%) of nail dermatophyte were identified (P = 0.0066; odds ratio 13.4, 95% confidence interval 1.6-117). There were no significant differences in age or gender between the experimental and control groups or between the nail dermatophyte-positive and negative cohorts."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Arthrodermataceae",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nails",
"Onychomycosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Tinea Pedis",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Dermatophyte fungi may be isolated from normal-appearing toenails. The presence of dermatophytes in this situation is strongly associated with the presence of tinea pedis. Subclinical dermatophyte in the nail plate may serve as a reservoir for ongoing local infection. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is subclinical onychomycosis associated with tinea pedis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Onychomycosis is a common cause of nail dystrophy and may be associated with tinea pedis. The presence of dermatophyte fungi in clinically normal nails is unknown.', 'To assess the presence of dermatophyte fungi in normal-appearing toenails and to compare the risk of subclinical dermatophytosis in patients without and with concurrent tinea pedis.', 'This is a prospective, University-based study of adults without and with microscopically confirmed tinea pedis. Subjects with dystrophy of any toenail were excluded, as were those ever previously diagnosed as having onychomycosis and those who had used topical antifungals in the past year. A great toenail clipping obtained from each subject was submitted for periodic acid-Schiff histology.', 'One hundred and one subjects (63 men and 38 women, mean +/- SD age 45.4 +/- 15.7 years) were included. Overall, septate hyphae (ostensibly dermatophyte) were identified in seven specimens. Of the 66 control subjects, one case (1.5%) of nail dermatophyte was identified. Of the 35 subjects with tinea pedis, six cases (17%) of nail dermatophyte were identified (P = 0.0066; odds ratio 13.4, 95% confidence interval 1.6-117). There were no significant differences in age or gender between the experimental and control groups or between the nail dermatophyte-positive and negative cohorts.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthrodermataceae', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nails', 'Onychomycosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Tinea Pedis', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,074 | Is loss of anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface associated with decreased elbow flexion? | {
"contexts": [
"The normal anterior translation of the articular surface of the distal humerus with respect to the humeral diaphysis facilitates elbow flexion. We hypothesize that there is a correlation between anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface and flexion after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a fracture of the distal humerus.",
"Two independent observers evaluated 141 lateral radiographs of patients more than 6 months after fracture of the distal humerus and 155 lateral radiographs of patients without injury of the distal humerus. The distance between the most anterior point of the distal humerus articular surface, perpendicular to the humeral shaft, from the anterior border of the distal part of the humeral diaphysis, was measured on lateral radiographs as a percentage of the width of the humeral shaft.",
"The technique of measuring anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface had good intra- and interobserver reliability. The most anterior point of the distal humeral articular surface lies an average of 11.7 mm (range, 6.8 to 17.0 mm) in front of the most anterior border of the humeral shaft in normal distal humeri, which represents 62% of the humeral shaft diameter (range, 33% to 91%). There was a limited but significant correlation between flexion and anterior translation as a percentage of the humeral shaft diameter in distal humeri after fracture that was maintained in multivariable statistical models."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Diaphyses",
"Elbow Joint",
"Epiphyses",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Fracture Fixation, Internal",
"Humans",
"Humeral Fractures",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Radiography",
"Range of Motion, Articular",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Using a reproducible technique for measuring anterior translation of the distal humerus, there was a correlation between anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface and elbow flexion after ORIF. Although the weakness of the correlation emphasizes that limitation of elbow flexion after ORIF of a distal humerus fracture is multifactorial, reduced anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface might be a contributing factor. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is loss of anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface associated with decreased elbow flexion?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The normal anterior translation of the articular surface of the distal humerus with respect to the humeral diaphysis facilitates elbow flexion. We hypothesize that there is a correlation between anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface and flexion after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a fracture of the distal humerus.', 'Two independent observers evaluated 141 lateral radiographs of patients more than 6 months after fracture of the distal humerus and 155 lateral radiographs of patients without injury of the distal humerus. The distance between the most anterior point of the distal humerus articular surface, perpendicular to the humeral shaft, from the anterior border of the distal part of the humeral diaphysis, was measured on lateral radiographs as a percentage of the width of the humeral shaft.', 'The technique of measuring anterior translation of the distal humeral articular surface had good intra- and interobserver reliability. The most anterior point of the distal humeral articular surface lies an average of 11.7 mm (range, 6.8 to 17.0 mm) in front of the most anterior border of the humeral shaft in normal distal humeri, which represents 62% of the humeral shaft diameter (range, 33% to 91%). There was a limited but significant correlation between flexion and anterior translation as a percentage of the humeral shaft diameter in distal humeri after fracture that was maintained in multivariable statistical models.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diaphyses', 'Elbow Joint', 'Epiphyses', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Humans', 'Humeral Fractures', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,558,694 | Do triangle network motifs predict complexes by complementing high-error interactomes with structural information? | {
"contexts": [
"A lot of high-throughput studies produce protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) with many errors and missing information. Even for genome-wide approaches, there is often a low overlap between PPINs produced by different studies. Second-level neighbors separated by two protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were previously used for predicting protein function and finding complexes in high-error PPINs. We retrieve second level neighbors in PPINs, and complement these with structural domain-domain interactions (SDDIs) representing binding evidence on proteins, forming PPI-SDDI-PPI triangles.",
"We find low overlap between PPINs, SDDIs and known complexes, all well below 10%. We evaluate the overlap of PPI-SDDI-PPI triangles with known complexes from Munich Information center for Protein Sequences (MIPS). PPI-SDDI-PPI triangles have ~20 times higher overlap with MIPS complexes than using second-level neighbors in PPINs without SDDIs. The biological interpretation for triangles is that a SDDI causes two proteins to be observed with common interaction partners in high-throughput experiments. The relatively few SDDIs overlapping with PPINs are part of highly connected SDDI components, and are more likely to be detected in experimental studies. We demonstrate the utility of PPI-SDDI-PPI triangles by reconstructing myosin-actin processes in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cytoskeleton, which were not obvious in the original PPIN. Using other complementary datatypes in place of SDDIs to form triangles, such as PubMed co-occurrences or threading information, results in a similar ability to find protein complexes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Binding Sites",
"Computational Biology",
"Databases, Protein",
"Protein Interaction Mapping",
"Proteins"
]
} | Given high-error PPINs with missing information, triangles of mixed datatypes are a promising direction for finding protein complexes. Integrating PPINs with SDDIs improves finding complexes. Structural SDDIs partially explain the high functional similarity of second-level neighbors in PPINs. We estimate that relatively little structural information would be sufficient for finding complexes involving most of the proteins and interactions in a typical PPIN. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do triangle network motifs predict complexes by complementing high-error interactomes with structural information?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A lot of high-throughput studies produce protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) with many errors and missing information. Even for genome-wide approaches, there is often a low overlap between PPINs produced by different studies. Second-level neighbors separated by two protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were previously used for predicting protein function and finding complexes in high-error PPINs. We retrieve second level neighbors in PPINs, and complement these with structural domain-domain interactions (SDDIs) representing binding evidence on proteins, forming PPI-SDDI-PPI triangles.', 'We find low overlap between PPINs, SDDIs and known complexes, all well below 10%. We evaluate the overlap of PPI-SDDI-PPI triangles with known complexes from Munich Information center for Protein Sequences (MIPS). PPI-SDDI-PPI triangles have ~20 times higher overlap with MIPS complexes than using second-level neighbors in PPINs without SDDIs. The biological interpretation for triangles is that a SDDI causes two proteins to be observed with common interaction partners in high-throughput experiments. The relatively few SDDIs overlapping with PPINs are part of highly connected SDDI components, and are more likely to be detected in experimental studies. We demonstrate the utility of PPI-SDDI-PPI triangles by reconstructing myosin-actin processes in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cytoskeleton, which were not obvious in the original PPIN. Using other complementary datatypes in place of SDDIs to form triangles, such as PubMed co-occurrences or threading information, results in a similar ability to find protein complexes.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Binding Sites', 'Computational Biology', 'Databases, Protein', 'Protein Interaction Mapping', 'Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,757 | Are abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase levels associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are both associated with insulin resistance.We assessed whether NAFLD is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in PCOS women independently of age and total adiposity.",
"We enrolled 14 young PCOS women with NAFLD, 14 women with PCOS alone and 14 healthy controls, who were matched for age, body mass index, and total body fat (by bio-impedance analyzer). NAFLD was diagnosed by the surrogate measure of abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations (defined as ALT>19 U/l) after excluding other secondary causes of liver disease (alcohol, virus, and medications). Insulin sensitivity was measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.",
"Insulin sensitivity was markedly decreased (p<0.001) in PCOS women with abnormal ALT levels, whereas it was similar between PCOS women with normal ALT levels andmatched healthy controls (8.3+/-2.5 vs 12.1+/-1.7 vs 13.2+/-1.8 mg/min x kg of fat-free mass, respectively). PCOS women with abnormal ALT levels also had higher plasma triglycerides and lower HDLcholesterol concentrations than those with PCOS alone. There was a strong inverse association between serum ALT levels and insulin sensitivity in the whole group of PCOS women (r=-0.59, p=0.0013)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Alanine Transaminase",
"Fatty Liver",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Obesity",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | Abnormal serum ALT levels, as surrogate measure of NAFLD, are closely associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in young PCOS women in a manner that is independent from the contribution of age and total adiposity. Early recognition of NAFLD by radiological imaging tests in this group of young patients is warranted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase levels associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are both associated with insulin resistance.We assessed whether NAFLD is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in PCOS women independently of age and total adiposity.', 'We enrolled 14 young PCOS women with NAFLD, 14 women with PCOS alone and 14 healthy controls, who were matched for age, body mass index, and total body fat (by bio-impedance analyzer). NAFLD was diagnosed by the surrogate measure of abnormal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations (defined as ALT>19 U/l) after excluding other secondary causes of liver disease (alcohol, virus, and medications). Insulin sensitivity was measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.', 'Insulin sensitivity was markedly decreased (p<0.001) in PCOS women with abnormal ALT levels, whereas it was similar between PCOS women with normal ALT levels andmatched healthy controls (8.3+/-2.5 vs 12.1+/-1.7 vs 13.2+/-1.8 mg/min x kg of fat-free mass, respectively). PCOS women with abnormal ALT levels also had higher plasma triglycerides and lower HDLcholesterol concentrations than those with PCOS alone. There was a strong inverse association between serum ALT levels and insulin sensitivity in the whole group of PCOS women (r=-0.59, p=0.0013).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Alanine Transaminase', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Obesity', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,176 | Does adenosine-A1 receptors activation restore the suppressed cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously shown that the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is suppressed in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. The present study investigated the effect of 2-chloro-N-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), a selective adenosine-A1 receptor agonist, in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced attenuation of the cardioprotective effect of IPC.",
"Rats were administered L-methionine (1.7 g/kg/day po) for 8 weeks to produce hyperhomocysteinemia. Isolated Langendorff perfused normal and hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts were subjected to 30-minute global ischemia, followed by a 120-minute reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was assessed macroscopically using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Coronary effluent was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase and CK-MB release to assess the extent of cardiac injury. The oxidative stress in the heart was assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and reduced form of glutathione.",
"Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) produced myocardial injury by increasing myocardial infarct size, elevating lactate dehydrogenase and CK-MB release in coronary effluent, decreasing coronary flow rate, and inducing oxidative stress in normal and hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. The hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts showed enhanced I/R-induced myocardial injury with high oxidative stress. The IPC afforded cardioprotection against I/R-induced myocardial injury in normal rat hearts. However, IPC-mediated myocardial protection against I/R injury was abolished in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. Administration of CCPA did not alter the cardioprotective effect of IPC in normal rat hearts, but its administration markedly restored the cardioprotective effect of IPC in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenosine",
"Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists",
"Animals",
"Cardiotonic Agents",
"Creatine Kinase, MB Form",
"Female",
"Glutathione",
"Heart",
"Heart Ventricles",
"Hyperhomocysteinemia",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial",
"Lactate Dehydrogenases",
"Male",
"Methionine",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardial Reperfusion Injury",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances"
]
} | It may be concluded that the activation of adenosine-A1 receptors using CCPA markedly restored the suppressed cardioprotective and infarct size-limiting effects of IPC in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. Thus, the reduced availability of extracellular adenosine and impaired activation of adenosine-A1 receptors may be responsible for abolishing the cardioprotective potential of IPC against I/R-induced myocardial injury in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does adenosine-A1 receptors activation restore the suppressed cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We have previously shown that the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is suppressed in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. The present study investigated the effect of 2-chloro-N-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), a selective adenosine-A1 receptor agonist, in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced attenuation of the cardioprotective effect of IPC.', 'Rats were administered L-methionine (1.7 g/kg/day po) for 8 weeks to produce hyperhomocysteinemia. Isolated Langendorff perfused normal and hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts were subjected to 30-minute global ischemia, followed by a 120-minute reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was assessed macroscopically using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Coronary effluent was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase and CK-MB release to assess the extent of cardiac injury. The oxidative stress in the heart was assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and reduced form of glutathione.', 'Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) produced myocardial injury by increasing myocardial infarct size, elevating lactate dehydrogenase and CK-MB release in coronary effluent, decreasing coronary flow rate, and inducing oxidative stress in normal and hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. The hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts showed enhanced I/R-induced myocardial injury with high oxidative stress. The IPC afforded cardioprotection against I/R-induced myocardial injury in normal rat hearts. However, IPC-mediated myocardial protection against I/R injury was abolished in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. Administration of CCPA did not alter the cardioprotective effect of IPC in normal rat hearts, but its administration markedly restored the cardioprotective effect of IPC in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenosine', 'Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists', 'Animals', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Creatine Kinase, MB Form', 'Female', 'Glutathione', 'Heart', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial', 'Lactate Dehydrogenases', 'Male', 'Methionine', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,504 | Is male gender a risk factor for the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy : a single surgeon experience? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies regarding the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in men have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted this prospective study to test the hypothesis that the outcome of LC is worse in men than women.",
"Between 1997 and 2002, a total of 391 consecutive LCs were performed by a single surgeon at King Fahd Hospital of the University. We collected and analyzed data including age, gender, body mass index (kg/m(2)), the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, mode of admission (elective or emergency), indication for LC (chronic or acute cholecystitis [AC]), comorbid disease, previous abdominal surgery, conversion to open cholecystectomy, complications, operation time, and length of postoperative hospital stay.",
"Bivariate analysis showed that both genders were matched for age, ASA class and mode of admission. The incidences of AC (P = 0.003) and comorbid disease (P = 0.031) were significantly higher in men. Women were significantly more obese than men (P < 0.001) and had a higher incidence of previous abdominal surgery (P = 0.017). There were no statistical differences between genders with regard to rates of conversion (P = 0.372) and complications (P = 0.647) and operation time (P = 0.063). The postoperative stay was significantly longer in men than women (P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that male gender was not an independent predictor of conversion (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.37 and P = 0.43) or complications (OR = 0.42, P = 0.42). Linear regression analysis showed that male gender was not an independent predictor of the operation time, but was associated with a longer postoperative stay (P = 0.02)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Male gender is not an independent risk factor for satisfactory outcome of LC in the experience of a single surgeon. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is male gender a risk factor for the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy : a single surgeon experience?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Previous studies regarding the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in men have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted this prospective study to test the hypothesis that the outcome of LC is worse in men than women.', 'Between 1997 and 2002, a total of 391 consecutive LCs were performed by a single surgeon at King Fahd Hospital of the University. We collected and analyzed data including age, gender, body mass index (kg/m(2)), the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, mode of admission (elective or emergency), indication for LC (chronic or acute cholecystitis [AC]), comorbid disease, previous abdominal surgery, conversion to open cholecystectomy, complications, operation time, and length of postoperative hospital stay.', 'Bivariate analysis showed that both genders were matched for age, ASA class and mode of admission. The incidences of AC (P = 0.003) and comorbid disease (P = 0.031) were significantly higher in men. Women were significantly more obese than men (P < 0.001) and had a higher incidence of previous abdominal surgery (P = 0.017). There were no statistical differences between genders with regard to rates of conversion (P = 0.372) and complications (P = 0.647) and operation time (P = 0.063). The postoperative stay was significantly longer in men than women (P = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that male gender was not an independent predictor of conversion (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.37 and P = 0.43) or complications (OR = 0.42, P = 0.42). Linear regression analysis showed that male gender was not an independent predictor of the operation time, but was associated with a longer postoperative stay (P = 0.02).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,559,929 | Does platelet-derived growth factor expression correlate with tumor grade and proliferative activity in human oligodendrogliomas? | {
"contexts": [
"For the last one and a half decade, it has been found that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promotes glial tumor growth through autocrine and paracrine loops, by expression of PDGFalpha receptor (PDGFRalpha) on glioma cells and PDGFbeta receptor (PDGFRbeta) on proliferating endothelial cells. However, studies on oligodendrogliomas, correlating expression of PDGF and its receptor with tumor grade and proliferative activity, through MIB-1 labeling index (LI) are relatively few as compared to astroglial counterpart.",
"Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 55 cases of oligodendrogliomas (34 World Health Organization [WHO] grade II and 21 WHO grade III tumors) were subjected to immunohistochemistry. MIB-1 LI was calculated, and a semiquantitative scoring system for expression of PDGF and PDGFRalpha was used.",
"MIB-1 LI and PDGF expression increased with histologic grades of malignancy (\"t\" test, P < .001 and Mann Whitney test, U = 109, P < .001 respectively). The PDGF expression scores had a positive correlation with MIB-1 LI, irrespective of tumor grade (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r = 0.566; P < .001). However, there was no significant difference of PDGFRalpha expression between 2 grades of tumors."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antibodies, Antinuclear",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Brain Neoplasms",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Child",
"Cost-Benefit Analysis",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Oligodendroglioma",
"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Time Factors",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The results of this study showed that MIB-1 LI is a rapid and cost-effective modality for predicting tumor grade in oligodendrogliomas. Immunohistochemistry for PDGF was found to be useful in differentiating various grades of oligodendroglioma, and therefore, it may be involved in tumor cell proliferation and malignant transformation. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha, although expressed in oligodendroglial neoplasms, was not found to be useful in predicting tumor grade. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does platelet-derived growth factor expression correlate with tumor grade and proliferative activity in human oligodendrogliomas?\nContext: {'contexts': ['For the last one and a half decade, it has been found that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) promotes glial tumor growth through autocrine and paracrine loops, by expression of PDGFalpha receptor (PDGFRalpha) on glioma cells and PDGFbeta receptor (PDGFRbeta) on proliferating endothelial cells. However, studies on oligodendrogliomas, correlating expression of PDGF and its receptor with tumor grade and proliferative activity, through MIB-1 labeling index (LI) are relatively few as compared to astroglial counterpart.', 'Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 55 cases of oligodendrogliomas (34 World Health Organization [WHO] grade II and 21 WHO grade III tumors) were subjected to immunohistochemistry. MIB-1 LI was calculated, and a semiquantitative scoring system for expression of PDGF and PDGFRalpha was used.', 'MIB-1 LI and PDGF expression increased with histologic grades of malignancy (\"t\" test, P < .001 and Mann Whitney test, U = 109, P < .001 respectively). The PDGF expression scores had a positive correlation with MIB-1 LI, irrespective of tumor grade (Pearson\\'s correlation coefficient, r = 0.566; P < .001). However, there was no significant difference of PDGFRalpha expression between 2 grades of tumors.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Antinuclear', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Child', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oligodendroglioma', 'Platelet-Derived Growth Factor', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,479 | Is survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy improved by extending resections to achieve negative margins? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was undertaken to determine the survival benefit of extending resections to obtain microscopically negative margins after positive intraoperative frozen sections.",
"The impact of residual microscopic disease after pancreaticoduodenectomy is currently a point of controversy. It is, however, generally believed that microscopically positive margins negatively impact survival and this may be improved by ultimately achieving negative margins.",
"Since 1995, patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma have been prospectively followed. Margin status has been codified as macro/microscopically negative (R0) or macroscopically negative/microscopically positive (R1). The impact of margin status on survival was evaluated utilizing survival curve analysis. Data are presented as median, mean +/- SD where appropriate.",
"For pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 202 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. R0 resections were achieved in 158 patients, 17 of whom required extended resections to achieve complete tumor extirpation after an initially positive intraoperative frozen section (R1 --> R0). R1 resections were undertaken in 44 patients. Median survival for patients undergoing R0 resections was 21 months, 26 +/- 23.4 months versus 13 months, 17 +/- 21.0 months for patients undergoing R1 resections (P = 0.02). Median survival for patients undergoing R1 --> R0 resections was 11 months, 16 +/- 17.3, (P = 0.001). Margin status had a significant correlation with \"N\" stage and AJCC stage but not \"T\" stage."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Aged",
"Female",
"Frozen Sections",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pancreas",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Pancreaticoduodenectomy",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | Survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy is not improved by extending pancreatic resections to achieve negative margins after initially positive intraoperative frozen sections. Tumor-specific factors beyond the presence of disease at a surgical margin are responsible for the abbreviated survival seen in patients undergoing R1 resections. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy improved by extending resections to achieve negative margins?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study was undertaken to determine the survival benefit of extending resections to obtain microscopically negative margins after positive intraoperative frozen sections.', 'The impact of residual microscopic disease after pancreaticoduodenectomy is currently a point of controversy. It is, however, generally believed that microscopically positive margins negatively impact survival and this may be improved by ultimately achieving negative margins.', 'Since 1995, patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma have been prospectively followed. Margin status has been codified as macro/microscopically negative (R0) or macroscopically negative/microscopically positive (R1). The impact of margin status on survival was evaluated utilizing survival curve analysis. Data are presented as median, mean +/- SD where appropriate.', 'For pancreatic adenocarcinoma, 202 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. R0 resections were achieved in 158 patients, 17 of whom required extended resections to achieve complete tumor extirpation after an initially positive intraoperative frozen section (R1 --> R0). R1 resections were undertaken in 44 patients. Median survival for patients undergoing R0 resections was 21 months, 26 +/- 23.4 months versus 13 months, 17 +/- 21.0 months for patients undergoing R1 resections (P = 0.02). Median survival for patients undergoing R1 --> R0 resections was 11 months, 16 +/- 17.3, (P = 0.001). Margin status had a significant correlation with \"N\" stage and AJCC stage but not \"T\" stage.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Frozen Sections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Pancreaticoduodenectomy', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,559,209 | Do novel biomarkers early predict the severity of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in adults? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C, and their combination in predicting the duration and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery in adults.",
"Using data from a prospective observational study of 100 adult cardiac surgical patients, we correlated early postoperative concentrations of plasma NGAL and serum cystatin C with the duration (time during which AKI persisted according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria) and severity of AKI (change in serum creatinine) and with length of stay in intensive care.",
"We found a mean AKI duration of 67.2 +/- 41.0 hours which was associated with prolonged hospitalization (p < 0.001). NGAL, cystatin C, and their combination on arrival in intensive care correlated with subsequent AKI duration (all p < 0.01) and severity (all p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AKI prediction was 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.63 to 0.91) for NGAL and 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.61 to 0.91) for cystatin C on arrival in intensive care. Both markers also correlated with length of stay in intensive care (p = 0.037; p = 0.001). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C were independent predictors of AKI duration and severity and of length of stay in intensive care (all p < 0.05). The value of cystatin C on arrival in intensive care appeared to be due to a carry-over effect from preoperative values."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Kidney Injury",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers",
"Cardiac Surgical Procedures",
"Cohort Studies",
"Cystatin C",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lipocalins",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Probability",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"ROC Curve",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | Immediately postoperatively, NGAL and cystatin C correlated with and were independent predictors of duration and severity of AKI and duration of intensive care stay after adult cardiac surgery. The combination of both renal biomarkers did not add predictive value. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do novel biomarkers early predict the severity of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery in adults?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C, and their combination in predicting the duration and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery in adults.', 'Using data from a prospective observational study of 100 adult cardiac surgical patients, we correlated early postoperative concentrations of plasma NGAL and serum cystatin C with the duration (time during which AKI persisted according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria) and severity of AKI (change in serum creatinine) and with length of stay in intensive care.', 'We found a mean AKI duration of 67.2 +/- 41.0 hours which was associated with prolonged hospitalization (p < 0.001). NGAL, cystatin C, and their combination on arrival in intensive care correlated with subsequent AKI duration (all p < 0.01) and severity (all p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for AKI prediction was 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.63 to 0.91) for NGAL and 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.61 to 0.91) for cystatin C on arrival in intensive care. Both markers also correlated with length of stay in intensive care (p = 0.037; p = 0.001). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C were independent predictors of AKI duration and severity and of length of stay in intensive care (all p < 0.05). The value of cystatin C on arrival in intensive care appeared to be due to a carry-over effect from preoperative values.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cystatin C', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipocalins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Probability', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,559,207 | Does cardiac vagal stimulation eliminate detrimental tachycardia effects of dobutamine used for inotropic support? | {
"contexts": [
"Many patients require temporary inotropic support after cardiac surgery, and dobutamine is one of the commonly used drugs for this purpose. However, dobutamine infusion is frequently associated with unwanted sinus tachycardia. Selective sinus node electrical vagal stimulation through a discrete epicardial ganglionic plexus (fat pad) approach can achieve sinus rate slowing. Because sinus node fat pad vagal stimulation (SNFP-VS) can easily be applied during or after cardiac surgery, we hypothesized that combining selective SNFP-VS with dobutamine could produce desired hemodynamic improvement while avoiding sinus tachycardia in patients when inotropic drug support is needed.",
"This exploratory experimental study was performed in 7 open-chest dogs. Dobutamine (2.5 to 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was infused at a rate producing at least 30% increase in sinus rate and cardiac output. Then electrical SNFP-VS was applied in the epicardial ganglionic plexus located at the right pulmonary vein-atrial junction, to slow the sinus rate back to control level. Hemodynamic data during control, with steady-state dobutamine infusion, and with dobutamine plus SNFP-VS were collected and compared.",
"Dobutamine significantly increased heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, peak left ventricular systolic pressure, positive and negative maximal derivatives of left ventricular pressure, and cardiac output. Combining SNFP-VS with dobutamine eliminated sinus rate increase while preserving all major hemodynamic benefits. Selective SNFP-VS itself had no direct effect on cardiac contractility during atrial pacing."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Analysis of Variance",
"Animals",
"Cardiac Surgical Procedures",
"Cardiotonic Agents",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dobutamine",
"Dogs",
"Electrocardiography",
"Hemodynamics",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Myocardial Contraction",
"Postoperative Care",
"Probability",
"Random Allocation",
"Reference Values",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Tachycardia",
"Vagus Nerve Stimulation"
]
} | Combining SNFP-VS with dobutamine could achieve hemodynamic improvement while avoiding sinus tachycardia in this dog model, suggesting that similar strategy may also be applied in patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cardiac vagal stimulation eliminate detrimental tachycardia effects of dobutamine used for inotropic support?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Many patients require temporary inotropic support after cardiac surgery, and dobutamine is one of the commonly used drugs for this purpose. However, dobutamine infusion is frequently associated with unwanted sinus tachycardia. Selective sinus node electrical vagal stimulation through a discrete epicardial ganglionic plexus (fat pad) approach can achieve sinus rate slowing. Because sinus node fat pad vagal stimulation (SNFP-VS) can easily be applied during or after cardiac surgery, we hypothesized that combining selective SNFP-VS with dobutamine could produce desired hemodynamic improvement while avoiding sinus tachycardia in patients when inotropic drug support is needed.', 'This exploratory experimental study was performed in 7 open-chest dogs. Dobutamine (2.5 to 10 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was infused at a rate producing at least 30% increase in sinus rate and cardiac output. Then electrical SNFP-VS was applied in the epicardial ganglionic plexus located at the right pulmonary vein-atrial junction, to slow the sinus rate back to control level. Hemodynamic data during control, with steady-state dobutamine infusion, and with dobutamine plus SNFP-VS were collected and compared.', 'Dobutamine significantly increased heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, peak left ventricular systolic pressure, positive and negative maximal derivatives of left ventricular pressure, and cardiac output. Combining SNFP-VS with dobutamine eliminated sinus rate increase while preserving all major hemodynamic benefits. Selective SNFP-VS itself had no direct effect on cardiac contractility during atrial pacing.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dobutamine', 'Dogs', 'Electrocardiography', 'Hemodynamics', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Myocardial Contraction', 'Postoperative Care', 'Probability', 'Random Allocation', 'Reference Values', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tachycardia', 'Vagus Nerve Stimulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,567,540 | Does resistance training contribute to improving the metabolic profile after a 6-month weight loss program in overweight and obese postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"Limited data are available regarding the impact of caloric restriction (CR) in combination with resistance training (RT) on the metabolic profile of postmenopausal women.",
"The objective of the study was to determine whether RT adds to CR in improving body composition and the metabolic profile.",
"This was a 6-month, randomized, clinical trial.",
"Patients included 107 postmenopausal women (body mass index >27 kg/m(2)).",
"The intervention was a 6-month CR alone or in combination with a RT program.",
"Fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), abdominal sc fat and visceral fat, fasting lipids, insulin sensitivity, resting blood pressure, and inflammation markers were measured.",
"Both groups were similar at baseline and significantly decreased body weight, body mass index, FM, percent FM, abdominal sc fat, and visceral fat after the study (P < 0.001), with greater losses of percent FM and trunk FM in the CR + RT group (P < 0.05). LMB significantly decreased in the CR (-0.9 +/- 2.4 kg) and the CR+RT (-0.4 +/- 2.2 kg) groups (P < 0.005), with no difference between them. Both groups significantly improved plasma triglycerides, fasting insulin level, glucose disposal, and markers of the inflammation profile after weight loss (P < 0.05), with no difference between groups. No improvements were observed for the other variables of interest in both groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Body Composition",
"Body Fat Distribution",
"Caloric Restriction",
"Female",
"Glucose",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Overweight",
"Postmenopause",
"Resistance Training",
"Weight Loss"
]
} | CR+RT was associated with greater losses in percent FM and trunk FM compared with CR alone. However, CR+RT was not associated with additional improvements in the metabolic profile compared with CR alone. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does resistance training contribute to improving the metabolic profile after a 6-month weight loss program in overweight and obese postmenopausal women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Limited data are available regarding the impact of caloric restriction (CR) in combination with resistance training (RT) on the metabolic profile of postmenopausal women.', 'The objective of the study was to determine whether RT adds to CR in improving body composition and the metabolic profile.', 'This was a 6-month, randomized, clinical trial.', 'Patients included 107 postmenopausal women (body mass index >27 kg/m(2)).', 'The intervention was a 6-month CR alone or in combination with a RT program.', 'Fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), abdominal sc fat and visceral fat, fasting lipids, insulin sensitivity, resting blood pressure, and inflammation markers were measured.', 'Both groups were similar at baseline and significantly decreased body weight, body mass index, FM, percent FM, abdominal sc fat, and visceral fat after the study (P < 0.001), with greater losses of percent FM and trunk FM in the CR + RT group (P < 0.05). LMB significantly decreased in the CR (-0.9 +/- 2.4 kg) and the CR+RT (-0.4 +/- 2.2 kg) groups (P < 0.005), with no difference between them. Both groups significantly improved plasma triglycerides, fasting insulin level, glucose disposal, and markers of the inflammation profile after weight loss (P < 0.05), with no difference between groups. No improvements were observed for the other variables of interest in both groups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Body Composition', 'Body Fat Distribution', 'Caloric Restriction', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Overweight', 'Postmenopause', 'Resistance Training', 'Weight Loss']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,554,429 | Does lactoferrin conjugated with 40-kDa branched poly ( ethylene glycol ) have an improved circulating half-life? | {
"contexts": [
"We developed a lactoferrin conjugate by modifying bovine lactoferrin (bLF) with a 40-kDa branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecule (designated 40 k-PEG-bLf), and we evaluated its in vitro activities and pharmacokinetic properties.",
"We prepared 40k-PEG-bLf by amino conjugation with N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated PEG. This conjugate was purified by cation exchange chromatography and its in vitro biological activities, such as iron binding, anti-inflammatory effects, and resistance to proteolytic enzymes were investigated. In vivo pharmacokinetics analyses, were also performed to examine the rate of clearance from the plasma in rats.",
"The 40k-PEG-bLf conjugate was fully active in iron binding and exhibited 97.1 +/- 5.5% (mean +/- S.E., n = 6) of the original anti-inflammatory activity. The in vitro peptic susceptibility of 40 k-PEG-bLf revealed that the proteolytic half-life increased at least 6-fold that of unmodified LF. This PEGylated conjugate demonstrated a plasma half-life that was 8.7-fold longer than that of the unmodified bLF in rats."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Chromatography, Ion Exchange",
"Circular Dichroism",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Half-Life",
"Lactoferrin",
"Male",
"Polyethylene Glycols",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization"
]
} | The 40k-PEG-bLf exhibited improved in vitro bioactivity and stability and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties as compared to those of the unmodified bLF and the 20 k-PEG-bLf conjugate, which was recently developed by PEGylation of bLF with a 20-kDa branched PEG [Nojima Y. et al. Bioconjugate Chem. 19:2253-2259 (2008)]. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does lactoferrin conjugated with 40-kDa branched poly ( ethylene glycol ) have an improved circulating half-life?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We developed a lactoferrin conjugate by modifying bovine lactoferrin (bLF) with a 40-kDa branched poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecule (designated 40 k-PEG-bLf), and we evaluated its in vitro activities and pharmacokinetic properties.', 'We prepared 40k-PEG-bLf by amino conjugation with N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated PEG. This conjugate was purified by cation exchange chromatography and its in vitro biological activities, such as iron binding, anti-inflammatory effects, and resistance to proteolytic enzymes were investigated. In vivo pharmacokinetics analyses, were also performed to examine the rate of clearance from the plasma in rats.', 'The 40k-PEG-bLf conjugate was fully active in iron binding and exhibited 97.1 +/- 5.5% (mean +/- S.E., n = 6) of the original anti-inflammatory activity. The in vitro peptic susceptibility of 40 k-PEG-bLf revealed that the proteolytic half-life increased at least 6-fold that of unmodified LF. This PEGylated conjugate demonstrated a plasma half-life that was 8.7-fold longer than that of the unmodified bLF in rats.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Chromatography, Ion Exchange', 'Circular Dichroism', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Half-Life', 'Lactoferrin', 'Male', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,032 | Do seed implant retention score predicts the risk of prolonged urinary retention after prostate brachytherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"To risk-stratify patients for urinary retention after prostate brachytherapy according to a novel seed implant retention score (SIRS).",
"A total of 835 patients underwent transperineal prostate seed implant from March 1993 to January 2007; 197 patients had (125)I and 638 patients had (103)Pd brachytherapy. Four hundred ninety-four patients had supplemental external-beam radiation. The final downsized prostate volume was used for the 424 patients who had neoadjuvant hormone therapy. Retention was defined as reinsertion of a Foley catheter after the implant.",
"Retention developed in 7.4% of patients, with an average duration of 6.7 weeks. On univariate analysis, implant without supplemental external-beam radiation (10% vs. 5.6%; p = 0.02), neoadjuvant hormone therapy (9.4% vs. 5.4%; p = 0.02), baseline alpha-blocker use (12.5% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.008), and increased prostate volume (13.4% vs. 6.9% vs. 2.9%, >45 cm(3), 25-45 cm(3), <25 cm(3); p = 0.0008) were significantly correlated with increased rates of retention. On multivariate analysis, implant without supplemental external-beam radiation, neoadjuvant hormone therapy, baseline alpha-blocker use, and increased prostate volume were correlated with retention. A novel SIRS was modeled as the combined score of these factors, ranging from 0 to 5. There was a significant correlation between the SIRS and retention (p < 0.0001). The rates of retention were 0, 4%, 5.6%, 9%, 20.9%, and 36.4% for SIRS of 0 to 5, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Androgen Antagonists",
"Brachytherapy",
"Humans",
"Iodine Radioisotopes",
"Male",
"Neoadjuvant Therapy",
"Organ Size",
"Palladium",
"Prostate",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Radioisotopes",
"Risk Assessment",
"Urinary Catheterization",
"Urinary Retention"
]
} | The SIRS may identify patients who are at high risk for prolonged retention after prostate brachytherapy. A prospective validation study of the SIRS is planned. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do seed implant retention score predicts the risk of prolonged urinary retention after prostate brachytherapy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To risk-stratify patients for urinary retention after prostate brachytherapy according to a novel seed implant retention score (SIRS).', 'A total of 835 patients underwent transperineal prostate seed implant from March 1993 to January 2007; 197 patients had (125)I and 638 patients had (103)Pd brachytherapy. Four hundred ninety-four patients had supplemental external-beam radiation. The final downsized prostate volume was used for the 424 patients who had neoadjuvant hormone therapy. Retention was defined as reinsertion of a Foley catheter after the implant.', 'Retention developed in 7.4% of patients, with an average duration of 6.7 weeks. On univariate analysis, implant without supplemental external-beam radiation (10% vs. 5.6%; p = 0.02), neoadjuvant hormone therapy (9.4% vs. 5.4%; p = 0.02), baseline alpha-blocker use (12.5% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.008), and increased prostate volume (13.4% vs. 6.9% vs. 2.9%, >45 cm(3), 25-45 cm(3), <25 cm(3); p = 0.0008) were significantly correlated with increased rates of retention. On multivariate analysis, implant without supplemental external-beam radiation, neoadjuvant hormone therapy, baseline alpha-blocker use, and increased prostate volume were correlated with retention. A novel SIRS was modeled as the combined score of these factors, ranging from 0 to 5. There was a significant correlation between the SIRS and retention (p < 0.0001). The rates of retention were 0, 4%, 5.6%, 9%, 20.9%, and 36.4% for SIRS of 0 to 5, respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Brachytherapy', 'Humans', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Organ Size', 'Palladium', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Radioisotopes', 'Risk Assessment', 'Urinary Catheterization', 'Urinary Retention']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,096 | Does pulmonary vascular resistance predict early mortality in patients with diffuse fibrotic lung disease and suspected pulmonary hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with a poor prognosis in diffuse lung disease (DLD). A study was undertaken to compare the prognostic significance of invasive and non-invasive parameters in patients with DLD and suspected PH.",
"Hospital records of consecutive patients with DLD undergoing right heart catheterisation (RHC) were reviewed (n = 66). Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and non-invasive variables were examined against early (within 12 months) and overall mortality. A priori thresholds were examined against early mortality. Relationships between mPAP, PVR and non-invasive markers were assessed.",
"Fifty patients had PH on RHC (mean (SD) mPAP 33.5 (11.8) mm Hg, PVR 5.9 (4.3) Wood units (WU)). Raised PVR was strongly associated with early mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 1.52; p = 0.001), with PVR > or = 6.23 WU being the optimal threshold after adjustment for age, gender, composite physiological index (CPI) and diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (OR 11.09; 95% CI 2.54 to 48.36; p = 0.001). Early mortality was linked, albeit less strongly, to right ventricular dilation at echocardiography, but not to other non-invasive variables or mPAP. Overall mortality was most strongly associated with increasing CPI levels. Correlations between PVR and non-invasive variables were moderate (R(2) <0.32), improving little following construction of a multivariate index which did not itself predict mortality."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Pressure",
"Cardiomyopathy, Dilated",
"Coronary Artery Disease",
"Echocardiography",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypertension, Pulmonary",
"Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Vascular Resistance"
]
} | In severe DLD, early mortality is strongly linked to increased PVR but not to other RHC or non-invasive variables. These findings suggest that the threshold for RHC in severe DLD should be low, enabling prioritisation of aggressive treatment including lung transplantation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pulmonary vascular resistance predict early mortality in patients with diffuse fibrotic lung disease and suspected pulmonary hypertension?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with a poor prognosis in diffuse lung disease (DLD). A study was undertaken to compare the prognostic significance of invasive and non-invasive parameters in patients with DLD and suspected PH.', 'Hospital records of consecutive patients with DLD undergoing right heart catheterisation (RHC) were reviewed (n = 66). Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and non-invasive variables were examined against early (within 12 months) and overall mortality. A priori thresholds were examined against early mortality. Relationships between mPAP, PVR and non-invasive markers were assessed.', 'Fifty patients had PH on RHC (mean (SD) mPAP 33.5 (11.8) mm Hg, PVR 5.9 (4.3) Wood units (WU)). Raised PVR was strongly associated with early mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 1.52; p = 0.001), with PVR > or = 6.23 WU being the optimal threshold after adjustment for age, gender, composite physiological index (CPI) and diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (OR 11.09; 95% CI 2.54 to 48.36; p = 0.001). Early mortality was linked, albeit less strongly, to right ventricular dilation at echocardiography, but not to other non-invasive variables or mPAP. Overall mortality was most strongly associated with increasing CPI levels. Correlations between PVR and non-invasive variables were moderate (R(2) <0.32), improving little following construction of a multivariate index which did not itself predict mortality.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Pressure', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Vascular Resistance']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,539,617 | Are kLOTHO gene polymorphisms G-395A and C1818T associated with lipid and glucose metabolism , bone mineral density and systolic blood pressure in Japanese healthy subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the association of KLOTHO gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with various laboratory data in 476 Japanese healthy subjects.",
"The genotyping of G-395A in the promoter region and C1818T in exon 4 was performed using PCR with confronting 2-pair primers assay.",
"Multivariate analysis adjusted for age demonstrated that in men, body-fat ratio was high, and HDL cholesterol level was low in A allele carriers of G-395A compared with GG. In women, glucose was high in A allele carriers of G-395A compared with GG, and also in T allele carriers of C1818T compared with CC. When divided into 2 groups according to age, in men <60 y, body mass index, body-fat ratio and waist circumference were high in A carriers of G-395A compared with GG. In women <60 y, bone mineral density was high in A allele carriers of G-395A compared with GG, and systolic blood pressure and glucose were high in T carriers of C1818T compared with CC."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aging",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Blood Pressure",
"Bone Density",
"Exons",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Glucose",
"Glucuronidase",
"Humans",
"Japan",
"Lipid Metabolism",
"Male",
"Menopause",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic"
]
} | KLOTHO gene SNPs G-395A and C1818T are associated with lipid metabolism in men, and glucose metabolism, bone mineral density and systolic blood pressure in women. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are kLOTHO gene polymorphisms G-395A and C1818T associated with lipid and glucose metabolism , bone mineral density and systolic blood pressure in Japanese healthy subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated the association of KLOTHO gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with various laboratory data in 476 Japanese healthy subjects.', 'The genotyping of G-395A in the promoter region and C1818T in exon 4 was performed using PCR with confronting 2-pair primers assay.', 'Multivariate analysis adjusted for age demonstrated that in men, body-fat ratio was high, and HDL cholesterol level was low in A allele carriers of G-395A compared with GG. In women, glucose was high in A allele carriers of G-395A compared with GG, and also in T allele carriers of C1818T compared with CC. When divided into 2 groups according to age, in men <60 y, body mass index, body-fat ratio and waist circumference were high in A carriers of G-395A compared with GG. In women <60 y, bone mineral density was high in A allele carriers of G-395A compared with GG, and systolic blood pressure and glucose were high in T carriers of C1818T compared with CC.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aging', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Blood Pressure', 'Bone Density', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Glucose', 'Glucuronidase', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Male', 'Menopause', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,524 | Is cadmium a novel and independent risk factor for early atherosclerosis mechanisms and in vivo relevance? | {
"contexts": [
"Although cadmium (Cd) is an important and common environmental pollutant and has been linked to cardiovascular diseases, little is known about its effects in initial stages of atherosclerosis.",
"In the 195 young healthy women of the Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Female Youngsters (ARFY) study, cadmium (Cd) level was independently associated with early atherosclerotic vessel wall thickening (intima-media thickness exceeding the 90th percentile of the distribution; multivariable OR 1.6[1.1.-2.3], P=0.016). In line, Cd-fed ApoE knockout mice yielded a significantly increased aortic plaque surface compared to controls (9.5 versus 26.0 mm(2), P<0.004). In vitro results indicate that physiological doses of Cd increase vascular endothelial permeability up to 6-fold by (1) inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, and (2) induction of a caspase-independent but Bcl-xL-inhibitable form of cell death more than 72 hours after Cd addition. Both phenomena are preceded by Cd-induced DNA strand breaks and a cellular DNA damage response. Zinc showed a potent protective effect against deleterious effects of Cd both in the in vitro and human studies."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Animals",
"Apolipoproteins E",
"Atherosclerosis",
"Biomarkers",
"Cadmium",
"Cadmium Chloride",
"Capillary Permeability",
"Carotid Artery Diseases",
"Cell Death",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chlorides",
"DNA Breaks",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Environmental Pollutants",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lipid Metabolism",
"Logistic Models",
"Mice",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Odds Ratio",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Time Factors",
"Young Adult",
"Zinc Compounds",
"bcl-X Protein"
]
} | Our research suggests Cd has promoting effects on early human and murine atherosclerosis, which were partly offset by high Zn concentrations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cadmium a novel and independent risk factor for early atherosclerosis mechanisms and in vivo relevance?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although cadmium (Cd) is an important and common environmental pollutant and has been linked to cardiovascular diseases, little is known about its effects in initial stages of atherosclerosis.', 'In the 195 young healthy women of the Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Female Youngsters (ARFY) study, cadmium (Cd) level was independently associated with early atherosclerotic vessel wall thickening (intima-media thickness exceeding the 90th percentile of the distribution; multivariable OR 1.6[1.1.-2.3], P=0.016). In line, Cd-fed ApoE knockout mice yielded a significantly increased aortic plaque surface compared to controls (9.5 versus 26.0 mm(2), P<0.004). In vitro results indicate that physiological doses of Cd increase vascular endothelial permeability up to 6-fold by (1) inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, and (2) induction of a caspase-independent but Bcl-xL-inhibitable form of cell death more than 72 hours after Cd addition. Both phenomena are preceded by Cd-induced DNA strand breaks and a cellular DNA damage response. Zinc showed a potent protective effect against deleterious effects of Cd both in the in vitro and human studies.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Animals', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Biomarkers', 'Cadmium', 'Cadmium Chloride', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Cell Death', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chlorides', 'DNA Breaks', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Logistic Models', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult', 'Zinc Compounds', 'bcl-X Protein']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,542 | Does normal magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging in lacunar infarcts predict a low risk of early deterioration? | {
"contexts": [
"Current clinical tools to identify lacunar infarct patients at risk of deterioration are inadequate, and imaging techniques to predict fluctuation and deterioration would be of value. We sought to determine the occurrence of MRI perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) abnormalities in lacunes, and whether they help predict clinical and radiological outcome.",
"Patients with lacunar stroke or TIA were selected from a prospective MR imaging study. MRI was performed within 24 h of the event and follow-up imaging completed at 30 or 90 days. Baseline perfusion maps were qualitatively assessed and infarct volumes measured. Early clinical deterioration (NIHSS worsening of > or = 3 points within 72 h of event) and 90-day modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) were recorded.",
"Twenty-two patients were included. Fifteen (68.2%) had abnormal PWI at the site of the diffusion-weighted imaging lesion. Patients with abnormal PWI were more likely to have stroke than TIA as their index event (RR 2.2, 95% CI 0.9-5.2, p = 0.02). Early clinical deterioration occurred in 4 patients (18.2%), all of whom had abnormal PWI. PWI lesions were not associated with a higher 90-day NIHSS or mRS score, nor did they predict infarct volume growth."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cerebral Infarction",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Ischemic Attack, Transient",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Stroke",
"Time Factors"
]
} | MR-PWI abnormalities are seen in two thirds of lacunar infarcts, and are associated with stroke rather than TIA. Normal PWI identifies patients at low risk of early clinical deterioration. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does normal magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging in lacunar infarcts predict a low risk of early deterioration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Current clinical tools to identify lacunar infarct patients at risk of deterioration are inadequate, and imaging techniques to predict fluctuation and deterioration would be of value. We sought to determine the occurrence of MRI perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) abnormalities in lacunes, and whether they help predict clinical and radiological outcome.', 'Patients with lacunar stroke or TIA were selected from a prospective MR imaging study. MRI was performed within 24 h of the event and follow-up imaging completed at 30 or 90 days. Baseline perfusion maps were qualitatively assessed and infarct volumes measured. Early clinical deterioration (NIHSS worsening of > or = 3 points within 72 h of event) and 90-day modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) were recorded.', 'Twenty-two patients were included. Fifteen (68.2%) had abnormal PWI at the site of the diffusion-weighted imaging lesion. Patients with abnormal PWI were more likely to have stroke than TIA as their index event (RR 2.2, 95% CI 0.9-5.2, p = 0.02). Early clinical deterioration occurred in 4 patients (18.2%), all of whom had abnormal PWI. PWI lesions were not associated with a higher 90-day NIHSS or mRS score, nor did they predict infarct volume growth.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,566,660 | Does calcitonin gene-related peptide modulate interleukin-13 in circulating cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-positive T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Neuropeptides (NPs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) by regulating immune responses and contributing to the cross-talk between the immune and nervous systems.",
"To assess the ability of NPs to influence interleukin (IL)-13 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production and the expression of the activation marker HLA-DR in skin memory T cells [cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)+ T cells] from patients with AD with severe, chronic lesions and intense pruritus, and from nonatopic controls.",
"Cells were cultured in the presence and absence of different NPs, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), somatostatin (SOM) and substance P (SP). IL-13 and IFN-gamma production and HLA-DR expression were measured in both CLA+ and CLA- T-cell subsets by flow cytometry.",
"CGRP increased IL-13 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AD (P < 0.05), with no changes detected in the presence of SOM or SP. These patients with AD had a lower expression of CGRP receptor compared with controls (P < 0.05). Memory T cells incubated with CGRP also showed an increase in IL-13 (P < 0.05) and HLA-DR (P < 0.05) in CLA+ T cells from patients with AD compared with controls, but not in CLA- T cells. Patients with a higher production of IL-13 were those with higher total IgE and percentage of skin area involved. Furthermore, the IL-13/IFN-gamma ratio was increased in patients with AD after cells were cultured with CGRP (P < 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Antigens, Surface",
"Biomarkers",
"Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide",
"Dermatitis, Atopic",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"HLA-DR Antigens",
"Humans",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-13",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"T-Lymphocyte Subsets",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Our results suggest an immunomodulatory role of CGRP towards a Th2 pattern in CLA+ T cells, which may contribute to exacerbating clinical symptoms in patients with AD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does calcitonin gene-related peptide modulate interleukin-13 in circulating cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-positive T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Neuropeptides (NPs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) by regulating immune responses and contributing to the cross-talk between the immune and nervous systems.', 'To assess the ability of NPs to influence interleukin (IL)-13 and interferon (IFN)-gamma production and the expression of the activation marker HLA-DR in skin memory T cells [cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)+ T cells] from patients with AD with severe, chronic lesions and intense pruritus, and from nonatopic controls.', 'Cells were cultured in the presence and absence of different NPs, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), somatostatin (SOM) and substance P (SP). IL-13 and IFN-gamma production and HLA-DR expression were measured in both CLA+ and CLA- T-cell subsets by flow cytometry.', 'CGRP increased IL-13 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AD (P < 0.05), with no changes detected in the presence of SOM or SP. These patients with AD had a lower expression of CGRP receptor compared with controls (P < 0.05). Memory T cells incubated with CGRP also showed an increase in IL-13 (P < 0.05) and HLA-DR (P < 0.05) in CLA+ T cells from patients with AD compared with controls, but not in CLA- T cells. Patients with a higher production of IL-13 were those with higher total IgE and percentage of skin area involved. Furthermore, the IL-13/IFN-gamma ratio was increased in patients with AD after cells were cultured with CGRP (P < 0.05).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Biomarkers', 'Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide', 'Dermatitis, Atopic', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'HLA-DR Antigens', 'Humans', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-13', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,730 | Is ketoacidosis at diabetes onset still frequent in children and adolescents : a multicenter analysis of 14,664 patients from 106 institutions? | {
"contexts": [
"We aimed at analyzing the frequency, clinical characteristics, and trends associated with the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of type 1 diabetes on the basis of long-term follow-up data.",
"A total of 106 pediatric diabetes centers in Germany and Austria participated in this study. Data from 14,664 patients with type 1 diabetes collected between 1995 and 2007 were suitable for evaluation. DKA was defined and classified according to the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes consensus guidelines.",
"DKA was observed in 21.1% of patients. The frequency of DKA, including the severe form, remained unchanged throughout the 13-year observation period. The frequency of DKA was particularly striking among children <5 years of age (26.5%)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Child, Preschool",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Diabetic Ketoacidosis",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Male"
]
} | Ketoacidosis occurring at diabetes onset continues to be a difficult problem. Our data show no significant change in the frequency and magnitude of DKA over the last 13 years. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is ketoacidosis at diabetes onset still frequent in children and adolescents : a multicenter analysis of 14,664 patients from 106 institutions?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We aimed at analyzing the frequency, clinical characteristics, and trends associated with the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the onset of type 1 diabetes on the basis of long-term follow-up data.', 'A total of 106 pediatric diabetes centers in Germany and Austria participated in this study. Data from 14,664 patients with type 1 diabetes collected between 1995 and 2007 were suitable for evaluation. DKA was defined and classified according to the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes consensus guidelines.', 'DKA was observed in 21.1% of patients. The frequency of DKA, including the severe form, remained unchanged throughout the 13-year observation period. The frequency of DKA was particularly striking among children <5 years of age (26.5%).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Ketoacidosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,816 | Does t cell infiltrate predict long-term survival following resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases? | {
"contexts": [
"While tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been shown to independently predict survival in primary colorectal cancer, the prognostic implications of TIL in resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) have not been previously defined. This study examines the correlation between TIL numbers and survival following hepatic resection.",
"We studied patients who survived <or=2 or >or=10 years following CRCLM resection. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays (TMAs) to determine the number of T cells within CRCLM. Correlation between TIL frequency and <or=2 or >or=10 year survival was determined while controlling for established prognostic factors.",
"Of 162 patients, 104 survived <or=2 years and 58 survived >or=10 years. Independent correlates of 10-year survival following CRCLM resection included a high number of CD8 T cells, a low number of CD4 T cells, and a clinical risk score of <or=2 (P < 0.001). Among 10-year survivors, 31% of patients had a high number of CD8 T cells compared with 8% for <or=2 year survivors (P < 0.01). Surprisingly, only 22% of 10-year survivors had a high number of CD4 T cells, in contrast to 69% of those who died within 2 years (P < 0.001). The combination of CD8 and CD4 T cell counts was a more powerful predictor of survival than either marker alone."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes",
"CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Survival Rate",
"Time Factors"
]
} | CRCLM T cell number is an independent correlate of long-term survival following liver resection. We conclude that CRCLM TIL analysis represents a potentially powerful prognostic tool which will require further validation prior to broad application. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does t cell infiltrate predict long-term survival following resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases?\nContext: {'contexts': ['While tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been shown to independently predict survival in primary colorectal cancer, the prognostic implications of TIL in resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM) have not been previously defined. This study examines the correlation between TIL numbers and survival following hepatic resection.', 'We studied patients who survived <or=2 or >or=10 years following CRCLM resection. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarrays (TMAs) to determine the number of T cells within CRCLM. Correlation between TIL frequency and <or=2 or >or=10 year survival was determined while controlling for established prognostic factors.', 'Of 162 patients, 104 survived <or=2 years and 58 survived >or=10 years. Independent correlates of 10-year survival following CRCLM resection included a high number of CD8 T cells, a low number of CD4 T cells, and a clinical risk score of <or=2 (P < 0.001). Among 10-year survivors, 31% of patients had a high number of CD8 T cells compared with 8% for <or=2 year survivors (P < 0.01). Surprisingly, only 22% of 10-year survivors had a high number of CD4 T cells, in contrast to 69% of those who died within 2 years (P < 0.001). The combination of CD8 and CD4 T cell counts was a more powerful predictor of survival than either marker alone.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,699 | Does the change in B-type natriuretic peptide levels over time predict significant rejection in cardiac transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) correlates with cardiac filling pressures and outcomes in patients with heart failure. In heart transplant recipients, we hypothesize that a within-individual change in BNP over time would be more helpful than absolute BNP in detecting International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grade 2R or greater rejection.",
"N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) levels were measured in 146 consecutive transplant recipients undergoing routine endomyocardial biopsies. In the cross-sectional analysis, multiple observations per individual were accounted for using generalized estimation equations.",
"A cross-sectional analysis demonstrated a weak association between NT-proBNP levels and rejection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.01 for every 100-pg/mL increase in NT-proBNP (p = 0.02). However, with a doubling of an individual's NT-proBNP level, the OR for significant rejection was 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-7.0), the OR with a 5-fold increase was 9.1 (95% CI, 2.7-31.5), and the OR with a 10-fold increase was 27.7 (95% CI, 5.9-129). A 10-fold increase in NT-proBNP offered a negative predictive value of 95% for the diagnosis of rejection. The relationship between within-individual increases in NT-proBNP and rejection persisted after adjusting for a fall in ejection fraction and a rise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and was a stronger predictor than changes in these parameters."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomarkers",
"Biopsy",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Graft Rejection",
"Heart Transplantation",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardium",
"Natriuretic Peptide, Brain",
"Peptide Fragments",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Sensitivity and Specificity"
]
} | There is a strong, graded relationship between the within-individual increase in NT-proBNP and the odds of significant rejection independent of hemodynamic parameters. These results suggest that the change in NT-proBNP rather than absolute BNP levels may offer a non-invasive approach to detect rejection. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the change in B-type natriuretic peptide levels over time predict significant rejection in cardiac transplant recipients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) correlates with cardiac filling pressures and outcomes in patients with heart failure. In heart transplant recipients, we hypothesize that a within-individual change in BNP over time would be more helpful than absolute BNP in detecting International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grade 2R or greater rejection.', 'N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) levels were measured in 146 consecutive transplant recipients undergoing routine endomyocardial biopsies. In the cross-sectional analysis, multiple observations per individual were accounted for using generalized estimation equations.', \"A cross-sectional analysis demonstrated a weak association between NT-proBNP levels and rejection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.01 for every 100-pg/mL increase in NT-proBNP (p = 0.02). However, with a doubling of an individual's NT-proBNP level, the OR for significant rejection was 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-7.0), the OR with a 5-fold increase was 9.1 (95% CI, 2.7-31.5), and the OR with a 10-fold increase was 27.7 (95% CI, 5.9-129). A 10-fold increase in NT-proBNP offered a negative predictive value of 95% for the diagnosis of rejection. The relationship between within-individual increases in NT-proBNP and rejection persisted after adjusting for a fall in ejection fraction and a rise pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and was a stronger predictor than changes in these parameters.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomarkers', 'Biopsy', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Graft Rejection', 'Heart Transplantation', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardium', 'Natriuretic Peptide, Brain', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,914 | Is overweight associated with improved cancer-specific survival in patients with organ-confined renal cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Overweight/obesity is known to increase the risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, data on the prognostic impact of overweight in RCC is still conflicting. We assessed whether different body mass index (BMI) levels at the time of surgery had an effect on the long-term prognosis of RCC patients.",
"We evaluated 771 patients, with complete information about their BMI, who had undergone renal surgery for RCC between 1990 and 2005 at the authors' institution; the mean follow-up was 5.48 years.",
"Underweight, normal weight, pre-obesity, and obesity were diagnosed in 4 (0.5%), 239 (31%), 356 (46.2%), and 172 (22.3%) RCC patients, respectively. Overweight (BMI >25) was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.004) and positive nodal status (P = 0.04) but not with tumor stage, grade, visceral metastasis, gender, histological subtype, or tumor-related symptoms. Overweight patients had a significantly lower risk of cancer-related death; their median 5-year tumor-specific survival rate was 80% as opposed to 72% for patients with a BMI below 25 (P = 0.003). Interestingly, subgroup analysis revealed that the positive association between overweight and survival was even more pronounced in organ-confined (P < 0.001) RCC, but no correlation was observed in advanced disease (P = 0.23)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Body Mass Index",
"Carcinoma, Renal Cell",
"Disease Progression",
"Disease Susceptibility",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Kidney Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Overweight",
"Prognosis",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | We were able to identify overweight as an independent prognostic marker of improved tumor-specific survival in patients with organ-confined RCC. Basic research is required to resolve the dilemma of why, if a higher BMI predisposes to RCC, it concurrently prolongs survival after patients have undergone (partial) nephrectomy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is overweight associated with improved cancer-specific survival in patients with organ-confined renal cell carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Overweight/obesity is known to increase the risk of developing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, data on the prognostic impact of overweight in RCC is still conflicting. We assessed whether different body mass index (BMI) levels at the time of surgery had an effect on the long-term prognosis of RCC patients.', \"We evaluated 771 patients, with complete information about their BMI, who had undergone renal surgery for RCC between 1990 and 2005 at the authors' institution; the mean follow-up was 5.48 years.\", 'Underweight, normal weight, pre-obesity, and obesity were diagnosed in 4 (0.5%), 239 (31%), 356 (46.2%), and 172 (22.3%) RCC patients, respectively. Overweight (BMI >25) was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.004) and positive nodal status (P = 0.04) but not with tumor stage, grade, visceral metastasis, gender, histological subtype, or tumor-related symptoms. Overweight patients had a significantly lower risk of cancer-related death; their median 5-year tumor-specific survival rate was 80% as opposed to 72% for patients with a BMI below 25 (P = 0.003). Interestingly, subgroup analysis revealed that the positive association between overweight and survival was even more pronounced in organ-confined (P < 0.001) RCC, but no correlation was observed in advanced disease (P = 0.23).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Body Mass Index', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Disease Progression', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Overweight', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,423 | Do gold nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity in the alveolar type-II cell lines A549 and NCIH441? | {
"contexts": [
"During the last years engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively used in different technologies and consequently many questions have arisen about the risk and the impact on human health following exposure to nanoparticles. Nevertheless, at present knowledge about the cytotoxicity induced by NPs is still largely incomplete. In this context, we have investigated the cytotoxicity induced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which differed in size and purification grade (presence or absence of sodium citrate residues on the particle surface) in vitro, in the human alveolar type-II (ATII)-like cell lines A549 and NCIH441.",
"We found that the presence of sodium citrate residues on AuNPs impaired the viability of the ATII-like cell lines A549 and NCIH441. Interestingly, the presence of an excess of sodium citrate on the surface of NPs not only reduced the in vitro viability of the cell lines A549 and NCIH441, as shown by MTT assay, but also affected cellular proliferation and increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as demonstrated by Ki-67 and LDH-release assays respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the internalization of AuNPs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and we observed that particles were internalized by active endocytosis in the cell lines A549 and NCIH441 within 3 hr. In addition, gold particles accumulated in membrane-bound vesicles and were not found freely dispersed in the cytoplasm."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Our data suggest that the presence of contaminants, such as sodium citrate, on the surface of gold nanoparticles might play a pivotal role in inducing cytotoxicity in vitro, but does not influence the uptake of the particles in human ATII-like cell lines. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do gold nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity in the alveolar type-II cell lines A549 and NCIH441?\nContext: {'contexts': ['During the last years engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively used in different technologies and consequently many questions have arisen about the risk and the impact on human health following exposure to nanoparticles. Nevertheless, at present knowledge about the cytotoxicity induced by NPs is still largely incomplete. In this context, we have investigated the cytotoxicity induced by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which differed in size and purification grade (presence or absence of sodium citrate residues on the particle surface) in vitro, in the human alveolar type-II (ATII)-like cell lines A549 and NCIH441.', 'We found that the presence of sodium citrate residues on AuNPs impaired the viability of the ATII-like cell lines A549 and NCIH441. Interestingly, the presence of an excess of sodium citrate on the surface of NPs not only reduced the in vitro viability of the cell lines A549 and NCIH441, as shown by MTT assay, but also affected cellular proliferation and increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as demonstrated by Ki-67 and LDH-release assays respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the internalization of AuNPs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and we observed that particles were internalized by active endocytosis in the cell lines A549 and NCIH441 within 3 hr. In addition, gold particles accumulated in membrane-bound vesicles and were not found freely dispersed in the cytoplasm.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,435 | Does losartan counteract the hyper-reactivity to angiotensin II and ROCK1 over-activation in aortas isolated from streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"In streptozotocin-injected rats (STZ-rats), we previously demonstrated a role for angiotensin II (AT-II) in cardiac remodelling and insulin resistance partially counteracted by in vivo treatment with losartan, an AT-II receptor antagonist.We now aimed to investigate the effect of treating diabetic STZ-rats with losartan on diabetes vascular response to vasoconstrictors.",
"Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups, two of them were assigned to receive losartan in the drinking water (20 mg/kg/day) until the experiment ending (3 weeks afterward). After 1 week, two groups, one of which receiving losartan, were injected in the tail vein with citrate buffer (normoglycemic, N and normoglycemic, losartan-treated, NL). The remaining received a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg in citrate i.v.) thus becoming diabetic (D) and diabetic losartan-treated (DL). Plasma glycaemia and blood pressure were measured in all animals before the sacrifice (15 days after diabetes induction).In aortic strips isolated from N, NL, D and DL rats we evaluated i) the isometric concentration-dependent contractile response to phenylephrine (Phe) and to AT-II; ii) the RhoA-kinase (ROCK1) activity and expression by enzyme-immunoassay and Western blot respectively.",
"The concentration-dependent contractile effect of Phe was similar in aortas from all groups, whereas at all concentrations tested, AT-II contraction efficacy was 2 and half and 1 and half times higher in D and DL respectively in comparison with N and NL. AT-II contracture was similarly reduced in all groups by AT-II receptor antagonists, irbesartan or irbesartan plus PD123319. HA-1077 (10 microM), an inhibitor of ROCK1 activity, reduced AT-II efficacy (Deltamg/mg tissue w.w.) by -3.5 +/- 1.0, -4.6 +/- 1.9, -22.1 +/- 2.2 and -11.4 +/- 1.3 in N, NL, D and DL respectively). ROCK1 activity and expression were higher in D than in N/NL and DL aortas."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine",
"Angiotensin II",
"Animals",
"Aorta, Thoracic",
"Biphenyl Compounds",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Irbesartan",
"Losartan",
"Male",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Tetrazoles",
"Up-Regulation",
"Vasoconstriction",
"rho-Associated Kinases"
]
} | Aortas isolated from STZ-rats present hyper-contracture to AT-II mainly dependent on the up-regulation of ROCK1 expression/activity. In vivo losartan treatment partially corrects AT-II hyper-contracture, limiting the increase in ROCK1 expression/activity. These data offer a new molecular mechanism supporting the rationale for using losartan in the prevention of diabetic vascular complications. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does losartan counteract the hyper-reactivity to angiotensin II and ROCK1 over-activation in aortas isolated from streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In streptozotocin-injected rats (STZ-rats), we previously demonstrated a role for angiotensin II (AT-II) in cardiac remodelling and insulin resistance partially counteracted by in vivo treatment with losartan, an AT-II receptor antagonist.We now aimed to investigate the effect of treating diabetic STZ-rats with losartan on diabetes vascular response to vasoconstrictors.', 'Male Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups, two of them were assigned to receive losartan in the drinking water (20 mg/kg/day) until the experiment ending (3 weeks afterward). After 1 week, two groups, one of which receiving losartan, were injected in the tail vein with citrate buffer (normoglycemic, N and normoglycemic, losartan-treated, NL). The remaining received a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg in citrate i.v.) thus becoming diabetic (D) and diabetic losartan-treated (DL). Plasma glycaemia and blood pressure were measured in all animals before the sacrifice (15 days after diabetes induction).In aortic strips isolated from N, NL, D and DL rats we evaluated i) the isometric concentration-dependent contractile response to phenylephrine (Phe) and to AT-II; ii) the RhoA-kinase (ROCK1) activity and expression by enzyme-immunoassay and Western blot respectively.', 'The concentration-dependent contractile effect of Phe was similar in aortas from all groups, whereas at all concentrations tested, AT-II contraction efficacy was 2 and half and 1 and half times higher in D and DL respectively in comparison with N and NL. AT-II contracture was similarly reduced in all groups by AT-II receptor antagonists, irbesartan or irbesartan plus PD123319. HA-1077 (10 microM), an inhibitor of ROCK1 activity, reduced AT-II efficacy (Deltamg/mg tissue w.w.) by -3.5 +/- 1.0, -4.6 +/- 1.9, -22.1 +/- 2.2 and -11.4 +/- 1.3 in N, NL, D and DL respectively). ROCK1 activity and expression were higher in D than in N/NL and DL aortas.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine', 'Angiotensin II', 'Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Biphenyl Compounds', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Irbesartan', 'Losartan', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Tetrazoles', 'Up-Regulation', 'Vasoconstriction', 'rho-Associated Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,432 | Does in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal region specific metabolic responses to SIV infection in the macaque brain? | {
"contexts": [
"In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies of HIV-infected humans have demonstrated significant metabolic abnormalities that vary by brain region, but the causes are poorly understood. Metabolic changes in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia and white matter in 18 SIV-infected macaques were investigated using MRS during the first month of infection.",
"Changes in the N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (MI), creatine (Cr) and glutamine/glutamate (Glx) resonances were quantified both in absolute terms and relative to the creatine resonance. Most abnormalities were observed at the time of peak viremia, 2 weeks post infection (wpi). At that time point, significant decreases in NAA and NAA/Cr, reflecting neuronal injury, were observed only in the frontal cortex. Cr was significantly elevated only in the white matter. Changes in Cho and Cho/Cr were similar across the brain regions, increasing at 2 wpi, and falling below baseline levels at 4 wpi. MI and MI/Cr levels were increased across all brain regions."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aspartic Acid",
"Brain",
"Brain Mapping",
"Choline",
"Creatine",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Female",
"Inositol",
"Macaca mulatta",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy",
"Male",
"Protons",
"Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome",
"Simian Immunodeficiency Virus"
]
} | These data best support the hypothesis that different brain regions have variable intrinsic vulnerabilities to neuronal injury caused by the AIDS virus. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal region specific metabolic responses to SIV infection in the macaque brain?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies of HIV-infected humans have demonstrated significant metabolic abnormalities that vary by brain region, but the causes are poorly understood. Metabolic changes in the frontal cortex, basal ganglia and white matter in 18 SIV-infected macaques were investigated using MRS during the first month of infection.', 'Changes in the N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo-inositol (MI), creatine (Cr) and glutamine/glutamate (Glx) resonances were quantified both in absolute terms and relative to the creatine resonance. Most abnormalities were observed at the time of peak viremia, 2 weeks post infection (wpi). At that time point, significant decreases in NAA and NAA/Cr, reflecting neuronal injury, were observed only in the frontal cortex. Cr was significantly elevated only in the white matter. Changes in Cho and Cho/Cr were similar across the brain regions, increasing at 2 wpi, and falling below baseline levels at 4 wpi. MI and MI/Cr levels were increased across all brain regions.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aspartic Acid', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Choline', 'Creatine', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Inositol', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Protons', 'Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Simian Immunodeficiency Virus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,852 | Does hydrogen sulfide inhibit MPP ( + ) -induced apoptosis in PC12 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a well-known cytotoxic gas. Recently it has been shown to protect neurons against oxidative stress caused by glutamate, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and beta-amyloid. The aim of the present study is to explore the cytoprotection of H2S against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms underlying in PC12 cells, a rat cell line derived from pheochromocytoma cells.",
"Cell viability was determined by the conventional 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis after propidium iodide staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by rhodamine 123 (Rh123) probe and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by dihydrorhodamine probe using FCM analysis.",
"MPP(+) reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis of PC12 cells along with dissipation of MMP as well as overproduction of ROS. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a H2S donor, protected PC12 cells against MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis not only by reducing the loss of MMP, but also by attenuating an increase in intracellular ROS."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Cell Culture Techniques",
"Cell Survival",
"Cytoprotection",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Hydrogen Sulfide",
"Matrix Metalloproteinases",
"Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial",
"PC12 Cells",
"Rats",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Tetrazolium Salts",
"Thiazoles"
]
} | H2S significantly protected PC12 cells against cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by MPP(+), which was associated with the inhibition by H(2)S of MPP(+)-induced dissipation of MMP and overproduction of ROS. These findings can significantly advance therapeutic approaches to the neurodegenerative diseases which are associated with oxidative stress, such as Parkinson's disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hydrogen sulfide inhibit MPP ( + ) -induced apoptosis in PC12 cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a well-known cytotoxic gas. Recently it has been shown to protect neurons against oxidative stress caused by glutamate, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and beta-amyloid. The aim of the present study is to explore the cytoprotection of H2S against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+))-induced apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms underlying in PC12 cells, a rat cell line derived from pheochromocytoma cells.', 'Cell viability was determined by the conventional 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis after propidium iodide staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by rhodamine 123 (Rh123) probe and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by dihydrorhodamine probe using FCM analysis.', 'MPP(+) reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis of PC12 cells along with dissipation of MMP as well as overproduction of ROS. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a H2S donor, protected PC12 cells against MPP(+)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis not only by reducing the loss of MMP, but also by attenuating an increase in intracellular ROS.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Survival', 'Cytoprotection', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Hydrogen Sulfide', 'Matrix Metalloproteinases', 'Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial', 'PC12 Cells', 'Rats', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,310 | Are hepatitis C virus core , NS3 , NS4B and NS5A the major immunogenic proteins in humoral immunity in chronic HCV infection? | {
"contexts": [
"The viral genome of hepatitis C virus constitutes a 9.6-kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA which encodes altogether 11 viral proteins. In order to study the humoral immune responses against different HCV proteins in patients suffering from chronic HCV infection, we produced three structural (core, E1 and E2) and six nonstructural proteins (NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B) in Sf9 insect cells by using the baculovirus expression system.",
"The recombinant HCV core, E1, E2, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B proteins were purified and used in Western blot analysis to determine antibody responses against individual HCV protein in 68 HCV RNA and antibody positive human sera that were obtained from patients suffering from genotype 1, 2, 3 or 4 infection. These sera were also analysed with INNO-LIA Score test for HCV antibodies against core, NS3, NS4AB and NS5A, and the results were similar to the ones obtained by Western blot method. Based on our Western blot analyses we found that the major immunogenic HCV antigens were the core, NS4B, NS3 and NS5A proteins which were recognized in 97%, 86%, 68% and 53% of patient sera, respectively. There were no major genotype specific differences in antibody responses to individual HCV proteins. A common feature within the studied sera was that all except two sera recognized the core protein in high titers, whereas none of the sera recognized NS2 protein and only three sera (from genotype 3) recognised NS5B."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibodies, Viral",
"Antigens, Viral",
"Blotting, Western",
"Hepacivirus",
"Hepatitis C, Chronic",
"Humans",
"Viral Core Proteins",
"Viral Nonstructural Proteins"
]
} | The data shows significant variation in the specificity in humoral immunity in chronic HCV patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are hepatitis C virus core , NS3 , NS4B and NS5A the major immunogenic proteins in humoral immunity in chronic HCV infection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The viral genome of hepatitis C virus constitutes a 9.6-kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA which encodes altogether 11 viral proteins. In order to study the humoral immune responses against different HCV proteins in patients suffering from chronic HCV infection, we produced three structural (core, E1 and E2) and six nonstructural proteins (NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B) in Sf9 insect cells by using the baculovirus expression system.', 'The recombinant HCV core, E1, E2, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B proteins were purified and used in Western blot analysis to determine antibody responses against individual HCV protein in 68 HCV RNA and antibody positive human sera that were obtained from patients suffering from genotype 1, 2, 3 or 4 infection. These sera were also analysed with INNO-LIA Score test for HCV antibodies against core, NS3, NS4AB and NS5A, and the results were similar to the ones obtained by Western blot method. Based on our Western blot analyses we found that the major immunogenic HCV antigens were the core, NS4B, NS3 and NS5A proteins which were recognized in 97%, 86%, 68% and 53% of patient sera, respectively. There were no major genotype specific differences in antibody responses to individual HCV proteins. A common feature within the studied sera was that all except two sera recognized the core protein in high titers, whereas none of the sera recognized NS2 protein and only three sera (from genotype 3) recognised NS5B.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibodies, Viral', 'Antigens, Viral', 'Blotting, Western', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Viral Core Proteins', 'Viral Nonstructural Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,132 | Does high fat feeding induce hepatic fatty acid elongation in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"High-fat diets promote hepatic lipid accumulation. Paradoxically, these diets also induce lipogenic gene expression in rodent liver. Whether high expression of these genes actually results in an increased flux through the de novo lipogenic pathway in vivo has not been demonstrated.",
"To interrogate this apparent paradox, we have quantified de novo lipogenesis in C57Bl/6J mice fed either chow, a high-fat or a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched high-fat diet. A novel approach based on mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA) following 1-(13)C acetate infusion was applied to simultaneously determine de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid elongation as well as cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, we measured very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) production rates. High-fat feeding promoted hepatic lipid accumulation and induced the expression of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes compared to chow-fed mice: induction of gene expression was found to translate into increased oleate synthesis. Interestingly, this higher lipogenic flux (+74 microg/g/h for oleic acid) in mice fed the high-fat diet was mainly due to an increased hepatic elongation of unlabeled palmitate (+66 microg/g/h) rather than to elongation of de novo synthesized palmitate. In addition, fractional cholesterol synthesis was increased, i.e. 5.8+/-0.4% vs. 8.1+/-0.6% for control and high fat-fed animals, respectively. Hepatic VLDL-TG production was not affected by high-fat feeding. Partial replacement of saturated fat by fish oil completely reversed the lipogenic effects of high-fat feeding: hepatic lipogenic and cholesterogenic gene expression levels as well as fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis rates were normalized."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetates",
"Animal Feed",
"Animal Nutrition Sciences",
"Animals",
"Cholesterol",
"Fatty Acids",
"Fish Oils",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Lipids",
"Lipoproteins, VLDL",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Models, Biological"
]
} | High-fat feeding induces hepatic fatty acid synthesis in mice, by chain elongation and subsequent desaturation rather than de novo synthesis, while VLDL-TG output remains unaffected. Suppression of lipogenic fluxes by fish oil prevents from high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does high fat feeding induce hepatic fatty acid elongation in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['High-fat diets promote hepatic lipid accumulation. Paradoxically, these diets also induce lipogenic gene expression in rodent liver. Whether high expression of these genes actually results in an increased flux through the de novo lipogenic pathway in vivo has not been demonstrated.', 'To interrogate this apparent paradox, we have quantified de novo lipogenesis in C57Bl/6J mice fed either chow, a high-fat or a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched high-fat diet. A novel approach based on mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA) following 1-(13)C acetate infusion was applied to simultaneously determine de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid elongation as well as cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, we measured very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) production rates. High-fat feeding promoted hepatic lipid accumulation and induced the expression of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes compared to chow-fed mice: induction of gene expression was found to translate into increased oleate synthesis. Interestingly, this higher lipogenic flux (+74 microg/g/h for oleic acid) in mice fed the high-fat diet was mainly due to an increased hepatic elongation of unlabeled palmitate (+66 microg/g/h) rather than to elongation of de novo synthesized palmitate. In addition, fractional cholesterol synthesis was increased, i.e. 5.8+/-0.4% vs. 8.1+/-0.6% for control and high fat-fed animals, respectively. Hepatic VLDL-TG production was not affected by high-fat feeding. Partial replacement of saturated fat by fish oil completely reversed the lipogenic effects of high-fat feeding: hepatic lipogenic and cholesterogenic gene expression levels as well as fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis rates were normalized.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetates', 'Animal Feed', 'Animal Nutrition Sciences', 'Animals', 'Cholesterol', 'Fatty Acids', 'Fish Oils', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins, VLDL', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Models, Biological']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,541,686 | Does the spectrum of structural abnormalities on CT scan from patients with CF with severe advanced lung disease? | {
"contexts": [
"In cystic fibrosis (CF), lung disease is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the spectrum of structural abnormalities on CT scans from patients with CF with severe advanced lung disease (SALD). No specific CT scoring system for SALD is available.",
"To design a quantitative CT scoring system for SALD, to determine the spectrum of structural abnormalities in patients with SALD and to correlate the SALD system with an existing scoring system for mild CF lung disease and pulmonary function tests (PFTs).",
"57 patients with CF contributed one CT made during screening for lung transplantation. For the SALD system, lung tissue was divided into four components: infection/inflammation (including bronchiectasis, airway wall thickening, mucus and consolidations), air trapping/hypoperfusion, bulla/cysts and normal/hyperperfused tissue. The volume proportion of the components was estimated on a 0-100% scale; mean volumes for the whole lung were computed. Scores were correlated with Brody-II scores and PFTs.",
"The SALD system identified a wide spectrum of structural abnormalities ranging from predominantly infection/inflammation to predominantly air trapping/hypoperfusion. SALD infection/inflammation scores correlated with Brody-II scores (r(s) = 0.36-0.64) and SALD normal/hyperperfusion scores correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1); r(s) = 0.37). Reproducibility for both systems was good."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Cystic Fibrosis",
"Female",
"Forced Expiratory Volume",
"Humans",
"Lung",
"Male",
"Observer Variation",
"Pneumonia",
"Respiratory Tract Infections",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Vital Capacity",
"Young Adult"
]
} | A CT scoring system was developed to characterise the structural abnormalities in patients with SALD. A wide spectrum was observed in SALD, ranging from predominantly air trapping to predominantly infection/inflammation-related changes. This spectrum may have clinical implications for patients with SALD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the spectrum of structural abnormalities on CT scan from patients with CF with severe advanced lung disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In cystic fibrosis (CF), lung disease is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the spectrum of structural abnormalities on CT scans from patients with CF with severe advanced lung disease (SALD). No specific CT scoring system for SALD is available.', 'To design a quantitative CT scoring system for SALD, to determine the spectrum of structural abnormalities in patients with SALD and to correlate the SALD system with an existing scoring system for mild CF lung disease and pulmonary function tests (PFTs).', '57 patients with CF contributed one CT made during screening for lung transplantation. For the SALD system, lung tissue was divided into four components: infection/inflammation (including bronchiectasis, airway wall thickening, mucus and consolidations), air trapping/hypoperfusion, bulla/cysts and normal/hyperperfused tissue. The volume proportion of the components was estimated on a 0-100% scale; mean volumes for the whole lung were computed. Scores were correlated with Brody-II scores and PFTs.', 'The SALD system identified a wide spectrum of structural abnormalities ranging from predominantly infection/inflammation to predominantly air trapping/hypoperfusion. SALD infection/inflammation scores correlated with Brody-II scores (r(s) = 0.36-0.64) and SALD normal/hyperperfusion scores correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1); r(s) = 0.37). Reproducibility for both systems was good.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cystic Fibrosis', 'Female', 'Forced Expiratory Volume', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Observer Variation', 'Pneumonia', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Vital Capacity', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,248 | Do women with safety concerns report fewer gender-specific preventive healthcare services? | {
"contexts": [
"Violence and safety exposures, primarily in the form of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposures, have been associated with increased healthcare utilization in women and variable associations with preventive services. It remains unknown, however, if broader measures of violence and safety exposures are associated with preventive healthcare utilization.",
"Data from the 2004 The Philadelphia Health Management Corporation survey were used to compare self-reported utilization of preventive healthcare services for participants who did and did not report exposures to violence or have safety concerns during the past year, using novel but nonvalidated measures of violence and safety concerns. The sample included women aged 18-96 years who reported having a usual source of care. Measures of preventive healthcare utilization included timing of last mammogram, cervical cytology, breast examination, blood cholesterol testing, blood pressure measurement, and screening for colon cancer.",
"The survey had an American Association for Public Opinion Research response rate of 30.4%. Of the 6285 women surveyed who reported having a usual source of care, 456 (7.3%) reported either an exposure to violence or safety concerns, and 5821 did not. Using logistic regression models, women aged 18-65 years who reported safety concerns were less likely to report having cervical cancer testing in the past 12 months (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.94). Women > or =40 years who reported safety concerns in the last year were less likely to report having clinical breast examinations (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.93) or mammography (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.39-0.83). Physical violence exposure was not significantly associated with preventive healthcare utilization."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Data Collection",
"Female",
"Health Services Needs and Demand",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Pennsylvania",
"Philadelphia",
"Preventive Health Services",
"Regression Analysis",
"Safety",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"Violence",
"Women's Health",
"Young Adult"
]
} | In this large population-based sample, women with recent self-reported safety concerns report receiving fewer recommended gender-specific preventive services. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do women with safety concerns report fewer gender-specific preventive healthcare services?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Violence and safety exposures, primarily in the form of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposures, have been associated with increased healthcare utilization in women and variable associations with preventive services. It remains unknown, however, if broader measures of violence and safety exposures are associated with preventive healthcare utilization.', 'Data from the 2004 The Philadelphia Health Management Corporation survey were used to compare self-reported utilization of preventive healthcare services for participants who did and did not report exposures to violence or have safety concerns during the past year, using novel but nonvalidated measures of violence and safety concerns. The sample included women aged 18-96 years who reported having a usual source of care. Measures of preventive healthcare utilization included timing of last mammogram, cervical cytology, breast examination, blood cholesterol testing, blood pressure measurement, and screening for colon cancer.', 'The survey had an American Association for Public Opinion Research response rate of 30.4%. Of the 6285 women surveyed who reported having a usual source of care, 456 (7.3%) reported either an exposure to violence or safety concerns, and 5821 did not. Using logistic regression models, women aged 18-65 years who reported safety concerns were less likely to report having cervical cancer testing in the past 12 months (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.94). Women > or =40 years who reported safety concerns in the last year were less likely to report having clinical breast examinations (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.43-0.93) or mammography (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.39-0.83). Physical violence exposure was not significantly associated with preventive healthcare utilization.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pennsylvania', 'Philadelphia', 'Preventive Health Services', 'Regression Analysis', 'Safety', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Violence', \"Women's Health\", 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,552,824 | Is klassevirus 1 , a previously undescribed member of the family Picornaviridae , globally widespread? | {
"contexts": [
"Diarrhea is the third leading infectious cause of death worldwide and is estimated to be responsible for approximately 2 million deaths a year. While many infectious causes of diarrhea have been established, approximately 40% of all diarrhea cases are of unknown etiology. In an effort to identify novel viruses that may be causal agents of diarrhea, we used high throughput mass sequencing to analyze stool samples collected from patients with acute diarrhea.",
"Sequences with limited similarity to known picornaviruses were detected in a stool sample collected in Australia from a child with acute diarrhea. Using a combination of mass sequencing, RT-PCR, 5' RACE and 3' RACE, a 6383 bp fragment of the viral genome was sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this virus was highly divergent from, but most closely related to, members of the genus Kobuvirus. We have tentatively named this novel virus klassevirus 1. We also detected klassevirus 1 by RT-PCR in a diarrhea specimen collected from a patient in St. Louis, United States as well as in untreated sewage collected in Barcelona, Spain."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Australia",
"Child, Preschool",
"Feces",
"Gastroenteritis",
"Genome, Viral",
"Humans",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Phylogeny",
"Picornaviridae",
"Picornaviridae Infections",
"RNA, Viral",
"Sequence Analysis, DNA",
"Sewage",
"Spain",
"United States"
]
} | Klassevirus 1 is a previously undescribed picornavirus that is globally widespread and present on at least three continents. Further investigations to determine whether klassevirus 1 is a human pathogen are needed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is klassevirus 1 , a previously undescribed member of the family Picornaviridae , globally widespread?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Diarrhea is the third leading infectious cause of death worldwide and is estimated to be responsible for approximately 2 million deaths a year. While many infectious causes of diarrhea have been established, approximately 40% of all diarrhea cases are of unknown etiology. In an effort to identify novel viruses that may be causal agents of diarrhea, we used high throughput mass sequencing to analyze stool samples collected from patients with acute diarrhea.', \"Sequences with limited similarity to known picornaviruses were detected in a stool sample collected in Australia from a child with acute diarrhea. Using a combination of mass sequencing, RT-PCR, 5' RACE and 3' RACE, a 6383 bp fragment of the viral genome was sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that this virus was highly divergent from, but most closely related to, members of the genus Kobuvirus. We have tentatively named this novel virus klassevirus 1. We also detected klassevirus 1 by RT-PCR in a diarrhea specimen collected from a patient in St. Louis, United States as well as in untreated sewage collected in Barcelona, Spain.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Australia', 'Child, Preschool', 'Feces', 'Gastroenteritis', 'Genome, Viral', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phylogeny', 'Picornaviridae', 'Picornaviridae Infections', 'RNA, Viral', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Sewage', 'Spain', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,566,962 | Are mitogen-activated protein kinases and NFkappaB involved in SP-A-enhanced responses of macrophages to mycobacteria? | {
"contexts": [
"Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a C-type lectin involved in surfactant homeostasis as well as host defense in the lung. We have recently demonstrated that SP-A enhances the killing of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) by rat macrophages through a nitric oxide-dependent pathway. In the current study we have investigated the role of tyrosine kinases and the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, and the transcription factor NFkappaB in mediating the enhanced signaling in response to BCG in the presence of SP-A.",
"Human SP-A was prepared from alveolar proteinosis fluid, and primary macrophages were obtained by maturation of cells from whole rat bone marrow. BCG-SP-A complexes were routinely prepared by incubation of a ratio of 20 microg of SP-A to 5 x 105 BCG for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Cells were incubated with PBS, SP-A, BCG, or SP-A-BCG complexes for the times indicated. BCG killing was assessed using a 3H-uracil incorporation assay. Phosphorylated protein levels, enzyme assays, and secreted mediator assays were conducted using standard immunoblot and biochemical methods as outlined.",
"Involvement of tyrosine kinases was demonstrated by herbimycin A-mediated inhibition of the SP-A-enhanced nitric oxide production and BCG killing. Following infection of macrophages with BCG, the MAPK family members ERK1 and ERK2 were activated as evidence by increased tyrosine phosphorylation and enzymatic activity, and this activation was enhanced when the BCG were opsonized with SP-A. An inhibitor of upstream kinases required for ERK activation inhibited BCG- and SP-A-BCG-enhanced production of nitric oxide by approximately 35%. Macrophages isolated from transgenic mice expressing a NFkappaB-responsive luciferase gene showed increased luciferase activity following infection with BCG, and this activity was enhanced two-fold in the presence of SP-A. Finally, lactacystin, an inhibitor of IkappaB degradation, reduced BCG- and SP-A-BCG-induced nitric oxide production by 60% and 80% respectively."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Benzoquinones",
"Blotting, Western",
"Bone Marrow Cells",
"Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoprecipitation",
"Lactams, Macrocyclic",
"Macrophages",
"Mice",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Mycobacterium bovis",
"NF-kappa B",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Phagocytosis",
"Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Rifabutin"
]
} | These results demonstrate that BCG and SP-A-BCG ingestion by macrophages is accompanied by activation of signaling pathways involving the MAP kinase pathway and NFkappaB. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are mitogen-activated protein kinases and NFkappaB involved in SP-A-enhanced responses of macrophages to mycobacteria?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a C-type lectin involved in surfactant homeostasis as well as host defense in the lung. We have recently demonstrated that SP-A enhances the killing of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) by rat macrophages through a nitric oxide-dependent pathway. In the current study we have investigated the role of tyrosine kinases and the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, and the transcription factor NFkappaB in mediating the enhanced signaling in response to BCG in the presence of SP-A.', 'Human SP-A was prepared from alveolar proteinosis fluid, and primary macrophages were obtained by maturation of cells from whole rat bone marrow. BCG-SP-A complexes were routinely prepared by incubation of a ratio of 20 microg of SP-A to 5 x 105 BCG for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Cells were incubated with PBS, SP-A, BCG, or SP-A-BCG complexes for the times indicated. BCG killing was assessed using a 3H-uracil incorporation assay. Phosphorylated protein levels, enzyme assays, and secreted mediator assays were conducted using standard immunoblot and biochemical methods as outlined.', 'Involvement of tyrosine kinases was demonstrated by herbimycin A-mediated inhibition of the SP-A-enhanced nitric oxide production and BCG killing. Following infection of macrophages with BCG, the MAPK family members ERK1 and ERK2 were activated as evidence by increased tyrosine phosphorylation and enzymatic activity, and this activation was enhanced when the BCG were opsonized with SP-A. An inhibitor of upstream kinases required for ERK activation inhibited BCG- and SP-A-BCG-enhanced production of nitric oxide by approximately 35%. Macrophages isolated from transgenic mice expressing a NFkappaB-responsive luciferase gene showed increased luciferase activity following infection with BCG, and this activity was enhanced two-fold in the presence of SP-A. Finally, lactacystin, an inhibitor of IkappaB degradation, reduced BCG- and SP-A-BCG-induced nitric oxide production by 60% and 80% respectively.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Benzoquinones', 'Blotting, Western', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Lactams, Macrocyclic', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Mycobacterium bovis', 'NF-kappa B', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Phagocytosis', 'Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rifabutin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,566,963 | Do morphogenesis signaling components influence cell cycle regulation by cyclin dependent kinase? | {
"contexts": [
"The yeast cell cycle is largely controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) Cdc28. Recent evidence suggests that both CDK complex stability as well as function during mitosis is determined by precise regulation of Swe1, a CDK inhibitory kinase and cyclin binding partner. A model of mitotic progression has been provided by study of filamentous yeast. When facing nutrient-limited conditions, Ras2-mediated PKA and MAPK signaling cascades induce a switch from round to filamentous morphology resulting in delayed mitotic progression.",
"To delineate how the dimorphic switch contributes to cell cycle regulation, temperature sensitive cdc28 mutants exhibiting constitutive filamentation were subjected to epistasis analyses with RAS2 signaling effectors. It was found that Swe1-mediated inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdc28 during filamentous growth is in part mediated by Ras2 activation of PKA, but not Kss1-MAPK, signaling. This pathway is further influenced by Cks1, a conserved CDK-binding partner of elusive function with multiple proposed roles in CDK activation, transcriptional regulation and ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The dynamic balance between Cks1- and Swe1-dependent regulation of Cdc28 and, thereby, the timing of mitosis during yeast dimorphism is regulated in part by Ras2/cAMP-mediated PKA signaling, a key pathway controlling filamentous growth. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do morphogenesis signaling components influence cell cycle regulation by cyclin dependent kinase?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The yeast cell cycle is largely controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) Cdc28. Recent evidence suggests that both CDK complex stability as well as function during mitosis is determined by precise regulation of Swe1, a CDK inhibitory kinase and cyclin binding partner. A model of mitotic progression has been provided by study of filamentous yeast. When facing nutrient-limited conditions, Ras2-mediated PKA and MAPK signaling cascades induce a switch from round to filamentous morphology resulting in delayed mitotic progression.', 'To delineate how the dimorphic switch contributes to cell cycle regulation, temperature sensitive cdc28 mutants exhibiting constitutive filamentation were subjected to epistasis analyses with RAS2 signaling effectors. It was found that Swe1-mediated inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdc28 during filamentous growth is in part mediated by Ras2 activation of PKA, but not Kss1-MAPK, signaling. This pathway is further influenced by Cks1, a conserved CDK-binding partner of elusive function with multiple proposed roles in CDK activation, transcriptional regulation and ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,635 | Do calyx and dimorphic neurons of mouse Scarpa 's ganglion express histamine H3 receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"Histamine-related drugs are commonly used in the treatment of vertigo and related vestibular disorders. The site of action of these drugs however has not been elucidated yet. Recent works on amphibians showed that histamine H3 receptor antagonists, e.g. betahistine, inhibit the afferent discharge recorded from the vestibular nerve. To assess the expression of H3 histamine receptors in vestibular neurons, we performed mRNA RT-PCR and immunofluorescence experiments in mouse Scarpa's ganglia.",
"RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of H3 receptor mRNA in mouse ganglia tissue. H3 protein expression was found in vestibular neurons characterized by large and roundish soma, which labeled for calretinin and calbindin."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Brain",
"Calbindin 2",
"Calbindins",
"Cell Count",
"Cell Size",
"Gene Expression",
"Mice",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Receptors, Histamine H3",
"S100 Calcium Binding Protein G",
"Sensory Receptor Cells",
"Vestibular Nerve"
]
} | The present results are consistent with calyx and dimorphic, but not bouton, afferent vestibular neurons expressing H3 receptors. This study provides a molecular substrate for the effects of histamine-related antivertigo drugs acting on (or binding to) H3 receptors, and suggest a potential target for the treatment of vestibular disorders of peripheral origin. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do calyx and dimorphic neurons of mouse Scarpa 's ganglion express histamine H3 receptors?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Histamine-related drugs are commonly used in the treatment of vertigo and related vestibular disorders. The site of action of these drugs however has not been elucidated yet. Recent works on amphibians showed that histamine H3 receptor antagonists, e.g. betahistine, inhibit the afferent discharge recorded from the vestibular nerve. To assess the expression of H3 histamine receptors in vestibular neurons, we performed mRNA RT-PCR and immunofluorescence experiments in mouse Scarpa's ganglia.\", 'RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of H3 receptor mRNA in mouse ganglia tissue. H3 protein expression was found in vestibular neurons characterized by large and roundish soma, which labeled for calretinin and calbindin.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Brain', 'Calbindin 2', 'Calbindins', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Size', 'Gene Expression', 'Mice', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Histamine H3', 'S100 Calcium Binding Protein G', 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'Vestibular Nerve']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,555,287 | Do primary pneumonic plague contracted from a mountain lion carcass? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary pneumonic plague is a rare but often fatal form of Yersinia pestis infection that results from direct inhalation of bacteria and is potentially transmissible from person to person. We describe a case of primary pneumonic plague in a wildlife biologist who was found deceased in his residence 1 week after conducting a necropsy on a mountain lion.",
"To determine cause of death, a postmortem examination was conducted, and friends and colleagues were interviewed. Physical evidence was reviewed, including specimens from the mountain lion and the biologist's medical chart, camera, and computer. Human and animal tissues were submitted for testing. Persons in close contact (within 2 meters) to the biologist after he had developed symptoms were identified and offered chemoprophylaxis.",
"The biologist conducted the necropsy in his garage without the use of personal protective equipment. Three days later, he developed fever and hemoptysis and died approximately 6 days after exposure. Gross examination showed consolidation and hemorrhagic fluid in the lungs; no buboes were noted. Plague was diagnosed presumptively by polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by culture. Tissues from the mountain lion tested positive for Y. pestis, and isolates from the biologist and mountain lion were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Among 49 contacts who received chemoprophylaxis, none developed symptoms consistent with plague."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Animals",
"Bacterial Typing Techniques",
"DNA Fingerprinting",
"Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field",
"Fever",
"Genotype",
"Hemoptysis",
"Humans",
"Lung",
"Molecular Epidemiology",
"Occupational Exposure",
"Plague",
"Puma",
"Yersinia pestis"
]
} | The biologist likely acquired pneumonic plague through inhalation of aerosols generated during postmortem examination of an infected mountain lion. Enhanced awareness of zoonotic diseases and appropriate use of personal protective equipment are needed for biologists and others who handle wildlife. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do primary pneumonic plague contracted from a mountain lion carcass?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Primary pneumonic plague is a rare but often fatal form of Yersinia pestis infection that results from direct inhalation of bacteria and is potentially transmissible from person to person. We describe a case of primary pneumonic plague in a wildlife biologist who was found deceased in his residence 1 week after conducting a necropsy on a mountain lion.', \"To determine cause of death, a postmortem examination was conducted, and friends and colleagues were interviewed. Physical evidence was reviewed, including specimens from the mountain lion and the biologist's medical chart, camera, and computer. Human and animal tissues were submitted for testing. Persons in close contact (within 2 meters) to the biologist after he had developed symptoms were identified and offered chemoprophylaxis.\", 'The biologist conducted the necropsy in his garage without the use of personal protective equipment. Three days later, he developed fever and hemoptysis and died approximately 6 days after exposure. Gross examination showed consolidation and hemorrhagic fluid in the lungs; no buboes were noted. Plague was diagnosed presumptively by polymerase chain reaction and confirmed by culture. Tissues from the mountain lion tested positive for Y. pestis, and isolates from the biologist and mountain lion were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Among 49 contacts who received chemoprophylaxis, none developed symptoms consistent with plague.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Animals', 'Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'DNA Fingerprinting', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field', 'Fever', 'Genotype', 'Hemoptysis', 'Humans', 'Lung', 'Molecular Epidemiology', 'Occupational Exposure', 'Plague', 'Puma', 'Yersinia pestis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,906 | Do three residues at the interface of factor XI ( FXI ) monomers augment covalent dimerization of FXI? | {
"contexts": [
"Human plasma factor XI is a homodimer, with each monomer comprising a catalytic domain and four homologous 'apple' domains. The monomers bind to each other through non-covalent bonds and through a disulfide bond between Cys321 residues in apple 4 domains.",
"To identify residues essential for dimerization in the FXI monomer interface.",
"Specificity-determining residues in apple 4 domains were sought by sequence alignment of FXI and prekallikrein apple domains in different species. Specific residues identified in apple 4 domains were mutagenized and expressed in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells for evaluation of their effect on FXI dimerization, analyzed by non-reduced sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography.",
"Among the 19 residues of the FXI monomer interface, Leu284, Ile290 and Tyr329 were defined as specificity-determining residues. Substitutions of these residues or pairs of residues did not affect FXI synthesis and secretion from transfected BHK cells, but did impair dimerization, despite the presence of cysteine at position 321. The double mutant 284A/290A yielded predominantly a monomer, whereas all other single or double mutants yielded monomers as well as disulfide-bonded dimers."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amino Acid Sequence",
"Animals",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chromatography, Gel",
"Cricetinae",
"DNA, Complementary",
"Dimerization",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Factor XI",
"Humans",
"Models, Molecular",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Protein Conformation",
"Sequence Homology, Amino Acid"
]
} | The data suggest that Leu284, Ile290 and Tyr329 in the interface of FXI monomers are essential for forming non-covalently bonded dimers that facilitate formation of a disulfide-bonded stable FXI dimer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do three residues at the interface of factor XI ( FXI ) monomers augment covalent dimerization of FXI?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Human plasma factor XI is a homodimer, with each monomer comprising a catalytic domain and four homologous 'apple' domains. The monomers bind to each other through non-covalent bonds and through a disulfide bond between Cys321 residues in apple 4 domains.\", 'To identify residues essential for dimerization in the FXI monomer interface.', 'Specificity-determining residues in apple 4 domains were sought by sequence alignment of FXI and prekallikrein apple domains in different species. Specific residues identified in apple 4 domains were mutagenized and expressed in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells for evaluation of their effect on FXI dimerization, analyzed by non-reduced sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography.', 'Among the 19 residues of the FXI monomer interface, Leu284, Ile290 and Tyr329 were defined as specificity-determining residues. Substitutions of these residues or pairs of residues did not affect FXI synthesis and secretion from transfected BHK cells, but did impair dimerization, despite the presence of cysteine at position 321. The double mutant 284A/290A yielded predominantly a monomer, whereas all other single or double mutants yielded monomers as well as disulfide-bonded dimers.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Cricetinae', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Dimerization', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Factor XI', 'Humans', 'Models, Molecular', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Protein Conformation', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,514 | Does induction of CCL13 expression in synovial fibroblasts highlight a significant role of oncostatin M in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the molecular mechanisms of CCL13/monocyte chemoattractant protein 4 (MCP-4) chemokine expression through proinflammatory cytokines in different primary human fibroblasts and the contribution of CCL13 to monocyte migration.",
"Using RNase protection assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we quantified the expression of CCL13 compared with that of CCL2/MCP-1 in primary human fibroblasts. Boyden chamber assays were performed to determine the importance of CCL13 for migration of primary monocytes. Pharmacologic inhibitors as well as small interfering RNA knockdown approaches were used to investigate the signaling pathways regulating CCL13 expression.",
"The interleukin-6 (IL-6)-type cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) was a powerful inducer of CCL13 expression in primary synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as those from healthy control subjects but not in other types of fibroblasts. Neither IL-6 nor tumor necrosis factor alpha could stimulate the expression of CCL13 in synovial fibroblasts; IL-1beta was a very weak inducer. Synovial fibroblasts from patients with RA constitutively produced low amounts of CCL13, which was partially dependent on constitutive production of OSM. By investigating the underlying molecular mechanism, we identified STAT-5, ERK-1/2, and p38 as critical factors involved in OSM-dependent transcription and messenger RNA stabilization of CCL13."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chemokine CCL2",
"Fibroblasts",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-6",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3",
"Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins",
"Monocytes",
"Neutrophils",
"Oncostatin M",
"STAT5 Transcription Factor",
"Signal Transduction",
"Synovial Membrane",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases"
]
} | In contrast to other prominent cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of RA, OSM can strongly up-regulate the expression of CCL13, a chemokine recently identified in the synovial fluid of patients with RA. Despite potent OSM-induced signal transduction in all types of fibroblasts analyzed, only synovial fibroblasts secreted CCL13, which might be indicative of tissue-specific imprinting of different fibroblasts during development. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does induction of CCL13 expression in synovial fibroblasts highlight a significant role of oncostatin M in rheumatoid arthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the molecular mechanisms of CCL13/monocyte chemoattractant protein 4 (MCP-4) chemokine expression through proinflammatory cytokines in different primary human fibroblasts and the contribution of CCL13 to monocyte migration.', 'Using RNase protection assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we quantified the expression of CCL13 compared with that of CCL2/MCP-1 in primary human fibroblasts. Boyden chamber assays were performed to determine the importance of CCL13 for migration of primary monocytes. Pharmacologic inhibitors as well as small interfering RNA knockdown approaches were used to investigate the signaling pathways regulating CCL13 expression.', 'The interleukin-6 (IL-6)-type cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) was a powerful inducer of CCL13 expression in primary synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as those from healthy control subjects but not in other types of fibroblasts. Neither IL-6 nor tumor necrosis factor alpha could stimulate the expression of CCL13 in synovial fibroblasts; IL-1beta was a very weak inducer. Synovial fibroblasts from patients with RA constitutively produced low amounts of CCL13, which was partially dependent on constitutive production of OSM. By investigating the underlying molecular mechanism, we identified STAT-5, ERK-1/2, and p38 as critical factors involved in OSM-dependent transcription and messenger RNA stabilization of CCL13.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins', 'Monocytes', 'Neutrophils', 'Oncostatin M', 'STAT5 Transcription Factor', 'Signal Transduction', 'Synovial Membrane', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,340 | Do monocytes and neutrophils expressing myeloperoxidase occur in fibrous caps and thrombi in unstable coronary plaques? | {
"contexts": [
"Myeloperoxidase (MPO) -containing macrophages and neutrophils have been described at sites of plaque rupture. The presence of these cells in precursor lesions to acute rupture (thin cap atheroma, or vulnerable plaque) and within thrombi adjacent to ruptures has not been described, nor an association with iron-containing macrophages within unstable plaques.",
"We studied 61 acute ruptures, 15 organizing ruptures, 31 thin cap fibroatheromas, and 28 fibroatheromas from 72 sudden coronary death victims by immunohistochemical and histochemical techniques. Inflammatory cells were typed with anti-CD68 (macrophages), anti-BP-30 (neutrophil bactericidal glycoprotein), and anti-MPO. Iron was localized by Mallory's Prussian blue stain. In selected plaques alpha smooth muscle actin (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA, clone M0851) was performed.",
"MPO positive cells were present in 79% of ruptured caps, 28% of thin cap fibroatheroma, and no fibroatheromas; neutrophils were present in 72% of ruptures, 8% of thin cap fibroatheromas, and no fibroatheromas. Iron containing foam cells were present in the caps of 93% of acute ruptures, of 85% of organizing ruptures, 20% of thin cap atheromas, and 10% of fibroatheromas. MPO positive cells were more frequent in occlusive than non-occlusive thrombi adjacent to ruptures (p = .006) and were more numerous in diabetics compared to non-diabetics (p = .002)"
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Atherosclerosis",
"Connective Tissue",
"Coronary Artery Disease",
"Coronary Thrombosis",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Iron",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Monocytes",
"Neutrophils",
"Peroxidase",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Unstable fibrous caps are more likely to contain MPO-positive cells, neutrophils, and iron-containing macrophages than fibrous caps of stable fibroatheromas. MPO-positive cells in thrombi adjacent to disrupted plaques are associated with occlusive thrombi and are more numerous in diabetic patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do monocytes and neutrophils expressing myeloperoxidase occur in fibrous caps and thrombi in unstable coronary plaques?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Myeloperoxidase (MPO) -containing macrophages and neutrophils have been described at sites of plaque rupture. The presence of these cells in precursor lesions to acute rupture (thin cap atheroma, or vulnerable plaque) and within thrombi adjacent to ruptures has not been described, nor an association with iron-containing macrophages within unstable plaques.', \"We studied 61 acute ruptures, 15 organizing ruptures, 31 thin cap fibroatheromas, and 28 fibroatheromas from 72 sudden coronary death victims by immunohistochemical and histochemical techniques. Inflammatory cells were typed with anti-CD68 (macrophages), anti-BP-30 (neutrophil bactericidal glycoprotein), and anti-MPO. Iron was localized by Mallory's Prussian blue stain. In selected plaques alpha smooth muscle actin (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA, clone M0851) was performed.\", 'MPO positive cells were present in 79% of ruptured caps, 28% of thin cap fibroatheroma, and no fibroatheromas; neutrophils were present in 72% of ruptures, 8% of thin cap fibroatheromas, and no fibroatheromas. Iron containing foam cells were present in the caps of 93% of acute ruptures, of 85% of organizing ruptures, 20% of thin cap atheromas, and 10% of fibroatheromas. MPO positive cells were more frequent in occlusive than non-occlusive thrombi adjacent to ruptures (p = .006) and were more numerous in diabetics compared to non-diabetics (p = .002)'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Connective Tissue', 'Coronary Artery Disease', 'Coronary Thrombosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monocytes', 'Neutrophils', 'Peroxidase', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,120 | Do par3 and dynein associate to regulate local microtubule dynamics and centrosome orientation during migration? | {
"contexts": [
"Centrosome orientation toward the leading edge of migrating cells depends on dynein and microtubules (MTs), as well as a number of signaling factors at the leading edge. However, centrosomes are maintained at the cell center during orientation in fibroblasts, suggesting that factors working at sites other than the leading edge may also be involved.",
"In a search for factors that function with dynein in centrosome orientation, we found that the polarity protein Par3 associated with dynein and that knockdown of Par3 inhibited centrosome orientation by disrupting the position of the centrosome at the cell center; this disrupted centrosome positioning is the same phenotype as that observed with dynein inhibition. Par3 associated with dynein through its N-terminal dimerization and PDZ1 domains and interacted specifically with dynein light intermediate chain 2 (LIC2). siRNA knockdown of LIC2, but not LIC1, or overexpression of LIC2 or the N-terminal domain of Par3, also inhibited centrosome orientation by disrupting centrosome position. In wound-edge fibroblasts, Par3 specifically localized to cell-cell contacts where it overlapped with MT ends and dynein puncta in a LIC2-dependent fashion. Live imaging showed that MTs exhibited increased pausing at cell-cell contacts compared to the leading edge and that this elevated pausing was dependent on Par3 and LIC2."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Adhesion Molecules",
"Cell Movement",
"Centrosome",
"Dyneins",
"Intercellular Junctions",
"Mice",
"Microtubules",
"NIH 3T3 Cells",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Recombinant Fusion Proteins",
"Tubulin"
]
} | Par3 associates with dynein and contributes to the local regulation of MT dynamics at cell-cell contacts and proper positioning of the centrosome at the cell center. We propose that Par3 acts as a cortical factor that tethers MTs through its association with LIC2 dynein. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do par3 and dynein associate to regulate local microtubule dynamics and centrosome orientation during migration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Centrosome orientation toward the leading edge of migrating cells depends on dynein and microtubules (MTs), as well as a number of signaling factors at the leading edge. However, centrosomes are maintained at the cell center during orientation in fibroblasts, suggesting that factors working at sites other than the leading edge may also be involved.', 'In a search for factors that function with dynein in centrosome orientation, we found that the polarity protein Par3 associated with dynein and that knockdown of Par3 inhibited centrosome orientation by disrupting the position of the centrosome at the cell center; this disrupted centrosome positioning is the same phenotype as that observed with dynein inhibition. Par3 associated with dynein through its N-terminal dimerization and PDZ1 domains and interacted specifically with dynein light intermediate chain 2 (LIC2). siRNA knockdown of LIC2, but not LIC1, or overexpression of LIC2 or the N-terminal domain of Par3, also inhibited centrosome orientation by disrupting centrosome position. In wound-edge fibroblasts, Par3 specifically localized to cell-cell contacts where it overlapped with MT ends and dynein puncta in a LIC2-dependent fashion. Live imaging showed that MTs exhibited increased pausing at cell-cell contacts compared to the leading edge and that this elevated pausing was dependent on Par3 and LIC2.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion Molecules', 'Cell Movement', 'Centrosome', 'Dyneins', 'Intercellular Junctions', 'Mice', 'Microtubules', 'NIH 3T3 Cells', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Tubulin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,554,673 | Are the personality domains and styles of the five-factor model related to incident depression in Medicare recipients aged 65 to 100? | {
"contexts": [
"Few prospective studies have examined personality and depression in older adults. The authors investigated whether the Five-Factor Model of personality traits-Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness-and trait combinations (styles) are related to incident major or minor depression.",
"Prospective data were gathered on a community sample of 512 older adults with disability and a history of significant health care utilization who were enrolled in a Medicare Demonstration Project.",
"Depression and personality traits and styles were assessed at baseline; depression was assessed again at approximately 12 and 22 months.",
"Participants who developed incident major depression were compared with those free of depression at all three assessments. Similar analyses were done for minor depression.",
"High Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness were risk factors for both major and minor depression. Combinations of high Neuroticism with low or high Extraversion or high Openness conferred risk for major depression. Other novel findings for major depression revealed new trait combinations of low Conscientiousness with low or high Extraversion, high Openness, or low Agreeableness. Three trait combinations, all involving low Conscientiousness, predicted risk for minor depression: high Neuroticism, high Agreeableness, and low Openness."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Depressive Disorder",
"Depressive Disorder, Major",
"Female",
"Health Services",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Male",
"Medicare",
"Neurotic Disorders",
"Odds Ratio",
"Personality Inventory",
"Prospective Studies",
"Psychometrics",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Risk Assessment",
"Temperament",
"United States"
]
} | The present findings highlight the importance of examining combinations of personality traits or personality styles when identifying those who are most at-risk for geriatric depression. Since other personality domains may modify the risk related to high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness, the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of depression could be greatly improved by assessing older patients not only on all five domains of personality but in terms of their combinations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are the personality domains and styles of the five-factor model related to incident depression in Medicare recipients aged 65 to 100?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Few prospective studies have examined personality and depression in older adults. The authors investigated whether the Five-Factor Model of personality traits-Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness-and trait combinations (styles) are related to incident major or minor depression.', 'Prospective data were gathered on a community sample of 512 older adults with disability and a history of significant health care utilization who were enrolled in a Medicare Demonstration Project.', 'Depression and personality traits and styles were assessed at baseline; depression was assessed again at approximately 12 and 22 months.', 'Participants who developed incident major depression were compared with those free of depression at all three assessments. Similar analyses were done for minor depression.', 'High Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness were risk factors for both major and minor depression. Combinations of high Neuroticism with low or high Extraversion or high Openness conferred risk for major depression. Other novel findings for major depression revealed new trait combinations of low Conscientiousness with low or high Extraversion, high Openness, or low Agreeableness. Three trait combinations, all involving low Conscientiousness, predicted risk for minor depression: high Neuroticism, high Agreeableness, and low Openness.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Female', 'Health Services', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Medicare', 'Neurotic Disorders', 'Odds Ratio', 'Personality Inventory', 'Prospective Studies', 'Psychometrics', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Risk Assessment', 'Temperament', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,554,672 | Does variability in depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline in age-related macular degeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"The measurement of affective symptoms in older persons who decline cognitively is uncertain. The authors investigated whether mood variability predicts dementia in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).",
"Three-year observational study after a clinical trial.",
"Community follow-up of outpatients ascertained from retina clinics.",
"One hundred sixty patients with AMD.",
"Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) administered every 2 weeks for 6 months to subjects; Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) administered to subjects' knowledgeable informants.",
"Twenty-three subjects (14.4%) declined cognitively. Age, education, baseline GDS score > or =5, and variability in GDS scores (i.e., fluctuations between adjacent time points) were associated with cognitive decline. For GDS variability, each 1 unit increase in the residual standard deviation (SD) of the GDS increased the risk for cognitive decline by 93% (IDR = 1.92; 95% CI [1.27-2.91]). Thus, subjects with a residual SD of 1 were nearly twice as likely to become demented as subjects with no variability in GDS scores. The risk for subjects with SDs of 2 increased more than threefold (IDR = 3.68; 95% CI [1.61-8.47]). A multiple regression analysis showed that GDS variability was a significant risk factor for dementia after controlling for significant covariates."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Alzheimer Disease",
"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy",
"Comorbidity",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Depressive Disorder",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Macular Degeneration",
"Male",
"Mass Screening",
"Mental Status Schedule",
"Personality Assessment",
"Personality Inventory",
"Problem Solving",
"Psychometrics",
"Risk Assessment"
]
} | These data suggest a useful approach to conceptualizing and measuring depressive symptoms in older persons. Variability in self-reported mood may be an early sign of dementia and may offer new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms linking depression and cognition | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does variability in depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline in age-related macular degeneration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The measurement of affective symptoms in older persons who decline cognitively is uncertain. The authors investigated whether mood variability predicts dementia in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).', 'Three-year observational study after a clinical trial.', 'Community follow-up of outpatients ascertained from retina clinics.', 'One hundred sixty patients with AMD.', \"Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) administered every 2 weeks for 6 months to subjects; Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) administered to subjects' knowledgeable informants.\", 'Twenty-three subjects (14.4%) declined cognitively. Age, education, baseline GDS score > or =5, and variability in GDS scores (i.e., fluctuations between adjacent time points) were associated with cognitive decline. For GDS variability, each 1 unit increase in the residual standard deviation (SD) of the GDS increased the risk for cognitive decline by 93% (IDR = 1.92; 95% CI [1.27-2.91]). Thus, subjects with a residual SD of 1 were nearly twice as likely to become demented as subjects with no variability in GDS scores. The risk for subjects with SDs of 2 increased more than threefold (IDR = 3.68; 95% CI [1.61-8.47]). A multiple regression analysis showed that GDS variability was a significant risk factor for dementia after controlling for significant covariates.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy', 'Comorbidity', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Macular Degeneration', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Mental Status Schedule', 'Personality Assessment', 'Personality Inventory', 'Problem Solving', 'Psychometrics', 'Risk Assessment']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,398 | Do individual differences in personality predict how people look at faces? | {
"contexts": [
"Determining the ways in which personality traits interact with contextual determinants to shape social behavior remains an important area of empirical investigation. The specific personality trait of neuroticism has been related to characteristic negative emotionality and associated with heightened attention to negative, emotionally arousing environmental signals. However, the mechanisms by which this personality trait may shape social behavior remain largely unspecified.",
"We employed eye tracking to investigate the relationship between characteristics of visual scanpaths in response to emotional facial expressions and individual differences in personality. We discovered that the amount of time spent looking at the eyes of fearful faces was positively related to neuroticism."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Affect",
"Emotions",
"Environment",
"Eye Movements",
"Face",
"Facial Expression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Individuality",
"Male",
"Models, Biological",
"Neurotic Disorders",
"Personality"
]
} | This finding is discussed in relation to previous behavioral research relating personality to selective attention for trait-congruent emotional information, neuroimaging studies relating differences in personality to amygdala reactivity to socially relevant stimuli, and genetic studies suggesting linkages between the serotonin transporter gene and neuroticism. We conclude that personality may be related to interpersonal interaction by shaping aspects of social cognition as basic as eye contact. In this way, eye gaze represents a possible behavioral link in a complex relationship between genes, brain function, and personality. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do individual differences in personality predict how people look at faces?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Determining the ways in which personality traits interact with contextual determinants to shape social behavior remains an important area of empirical investigation. The specific personality trait of neuroticism has been related to characteristic negative emotionality and associated with heightened attention to negative, emotionally arousing environmental signals. However, the mechanisms by which this personality trait may shape social behavior remain largely unspecified.', 'We employed eye tracking to investigate the relationship between characteristics of visual scanpaths in response to emotional facial expressions and individual differences in personality. We discovered that the amount of time spent looking at the eyes of fearful faces was positively related to neuroticism.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Affect', 'Emotions', 'Environment', 'Eye Movements', 'Face', 'Facial Expression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Neurotic Disorders', 'Personality']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,395 | Do natural triterpenic diols promote apoptosis in astrocytoma cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial depolarization and JNK activation? | {
"contexts": [
"Triterpene alcohols and acids are multifunctional compounds widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom that exhibit a variety of beneficial health properties, being synthetic analogs of oleanolic acid under clinical evaluation as anti-tumoral therapeutic agents. However, the antineoplastic activity of two natural occurring triterpenoid alcohols extracted from olive oil, erythrodiol (an intermediate from oleanolic acid), and its isomer, uvaol, has barely been reported, particularly on brain cancer cells. Astrocytomas are among the most common and aggressive type of primary malignant tumors in the neurological system lacking effective treatments, and in this study, we addressed the effect of these two triterpenic diols on the human 1321N1 astrocytoma cell line.",
"Erythrodiol and uvaol effectively affected cell proliferation, as well as cell cycle phases and induced 1321N1 cell death. Both triterpenes successfully modulated the apoptotic response, promoting nuclear condensation and fragmentation. They caused retraction and rounding of cultured cells, which lost adherence from their supports, while F-actin and vimentin filaments disappeared as an organized cytoplasmic network. At molecular level, changes in the expression of surface proteins associated with adhesion or death processes were also observed. Moreover, triterpene exposure resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and correlated with the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). The presence of catalase reversed the triterpenic diols-induced mitochondrial depolarization, JNK activation, and apoptotic death, indicating the critical role of ROS in the action of these compounds."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Astrocytoma",
"Brain Neoplasms",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Survival",
"Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor",
"Humans",
"MAP Kinase Kinase 4",
"Membrane Potentials",
"Mitochondria",
"Oleanolic Acid",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Terpenes",
"Triterpenes"
]
} | Overall, we provide a significant insight into the anticarcinogenic action of erythrodiol and uvaol that may have a potential in prevention and treatment of brain tumors and other cancers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do natural triterpenic diols promote apoptosis in astrocytoma cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial depolarization and JNK activation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Triterpene alcohols and acids are multifunctional compounds widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom that exhibit a variety of beneficial health properties, being synthetic analogs of oleanolic acid under clinical evaluation as anti-tumoral therapeutic agents. However, the antineoplastic activity of two natural occurring triterpenoid alcohols extracted from olive oil, erythrodiol (an intermediate from oleanolic acid), and its isomer, uvaol, has barely been reported, particularly on brain cancer cells. Astrocytomas are among the most common and aggressive type of primary malignant tumors in the neurological system lacking effective treatments, and in this study, we addressed the effect of these two triterpenic diols on the human 1321N1 astrocytoma cell line.', 'Erythrodiol and uvaol effectively affected cell proliferation, as well as cell cycle phases and induced 1321N1 cell death. Both triterpenes successfully modulated the apoptotic response, promoting nuclear condensation and fragmentation. They caused retraction and rounding of cultured cells, which lost adherence from their supports, while F-actin and vimentin filaments disappeared as an organized cytoplasmic network. At molecular level, changes in the expression of surface proteins associated with adhesion or death processes were also observed. Moreover, triterpene exposure resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and correlated with the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). The presence of catalase reversed the triterpenic diols-induced mitochondrial depolarization, JNK activation, and apoptotic death, indicating the critical role of ROS in the action of these compounds.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Astrocytoma', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Survival', 'Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Kinase 4', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Mitochondria', 'Oleanolic Acid', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Terpenes', 'Triterpenes']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,811 | Does maraviroc concentrate in the cervicovaginal fluid and vaginal tissue of HIV-negative women? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare single- and multiple-dose maraviroc exposures in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and vaginal tissue (VT) with blood plasma (BP) and quantify maraviroc protein binding in CVF.",
"Open-label pharmacokinetic study.",
"In 12 HIV-negative women, 7 paired CVF and BP samples were collected over 12 hours after 1 maraviroc dose. Subjects then received maraviroc twice daily for 7 days. After the last dose, subjects underwent CVF and BP sampling as on day 1, with additional sampling during terminal elimination. VT biopsies were obtained at steady state.",
"Day 1 and day 7 median maraviroc CVF AUCtau were 1.9- and 2.7-fold higher, respectively, than BP. On day 1, 6 of 12 subjects had detectable maraviroc CVF concentrations within 1 hour; 12 of 12 were detectable within 2 hours, and all exceeded the protein-free IC90. On day 7, maraviroc CVF protein binding was 7.6% and the VT AUCtau was 1.9-fold higher than BP. Maraviroc CVF concentrations 72 hours after dose and BP concentrations 12 hours after dose were similar."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Anti-HIV Agents",
"CCR5 Receptor Antagonists",
"Cervix Uteri",
"Cyclohexanes",
"Female",
"HIV Infections",
"HIV Seronegativity",
"HIV-1",
"Humans",
"Maraviroc",
"Middle Aged",
"Protein Binding",
"Triazoles",
"Vagina",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Higher maraviroc exposure in the female genital tract provides a pharmacologic basis for further evaluation of chemokine receptor 5 antagonists in HIV infection prophylaxis. This is the first study to report antiretroviral VT concentrations, CVF protein binding, and CVF terminal elimination. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does maraviroc concentrate in the cervicovaginal fluid and vaginal tissue of HIV-negative women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare single- and multiple-dose maraviroc exposures in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) and vaginal tissue (VT) with blood plasma (BP) and quantify maraviroc protein binding in CVF.', 'Open-label pharmacokinetic study.', 'In 12 HIV-negative women, 7 paired CVF and BP samples were collected over 12 hours after 1 maraviroc dose. Subjects then received maraviroc twice daily for 7 days. After the last dose, subjects underwent CVF and BP sampling as on day 1, with additional sampling during terminal elimination. VT biopsies were obtained at steady state.', 'Day 1 and day 7 median maraviroc CVF AUCtau were 1.9- and 2.7-fold higher, respectively, than BP. On day 1, 6 of 12 subjects had detectable maraviroc CVF concentrations within 1 hour; 12 of 12 were detectable within 2 hours, and all exceeded the protein-free IC90. On day 7, maraviroc CVF protein binding was 7.6% and the VT AUCtau was 1.9-fold higher than BP. Maraviroc CVF concentrations 72 hours after dose and BP concentrations 12 hours after dose were similar.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'CCR5 Receptor Antagonists', 'Cervix Uteri', 'Cyclohexanes', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'HIV Seronegativity', 'HIV-1', 'Humans', 'Maraviroc', 'Middle Aged', 'Protein Binding', 'Triazoles', 'Vagina', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,028 | Does [ Arsenic trioxide inhibit cell growth in imatinib-resistant bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the growth inhibition of imatinib (IM)-resistant bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro.",
"Cell growth of one IM-sensitive cell line, 32Dp210 and 15 IM-resistant cell lines including T315I and other 14 bcr-abl mutants were detected by MTT assay after treatment with IM and As2O3. The cell lines with 5 frequently observed mutants in CML patients were analyzed for apoptosis by flow cytometry with Annexin V and PI staining as well as the expression of bcr-abl fusion protein, phosphorylated CRKL protein and apoptosis-related proteins by Western blot.",
"The fifty percent inhibition concentration (IC50) values of As2O3 for 15 IM-resistant cell lines were 2.6-5.3 fold lower than that for IM-sensitive cell line. For the 5 bcr-abl mutants frequently happened in CML patients, As2O3 significantly inhibited the expression of bcr-abl fusion protein and phosphorylated CRKL and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as compared with that for 32Dp210. Coincidently, the cell apoptosis was induced through caspase-3, 8 and 9 pathways."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing",
"Apoptosis",
"Arsenic Trioxide",
"Arsenicals",
"Benzamides",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl",
"Humans",
"Imatinib Mesylate",
"Mutation",
"Nuclear Proteins",
"Oxides",
"Piperazines",
"Pyrimidines"
]
} | As2O3 remarkably inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis of IM-resistant bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro, suggesting that it might be a potential therapeutic agent for IM-resistant CML patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Arsenic trioxide inhibit cell growth in imatinib-resistant bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To explore the effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the growth inhibition of imatinib (IM)-resistant bcr-abl mutant cell lines in vitro.', 'Cell growth of one IM-sensitive cell line, 32Dp210 and 15 IM-resistant cell lines including T315I and other 14 bcr-abl mutants were detected by MTT assay after treatment with IM and As2O3. The cell lines with 5 frequently observed mutants in CML patients were analyzed for apoptosis by flow cytometry with Annexin V and PI staining as well as the expression of bcr-abl fusion protein, phosphorylated CRKL protein and apoptosis-related proteins by Western blot.', 'The fifty percent inhibition concentration (IC50) values of As2O3 for 15 IM-resistant cell lines were 2.6-5.3 fold lower than that for IM-sensitive cell line. For the 5 bcr-abl mutants frequently happened in CML patients, As2O3 significantly inhibited the expression of bcr-abl fusion protein and phosphorylated CRKL and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as compared with that for 32Dp210. Coincidently, the cell apoptosis was induced through caspase-3, 8 and 9 pathways.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Apoptosis', 'Arsenic Trioxide', 'Arsenicals', 'Benzamides', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl', 'Humans', 'Imatinib Mesylate', 'Mutation', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Oxides', 'Piperazines', 'Pyrimidines']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,239 | Does resorcinol peel as a possible self-treatment of painful nodules in hidradenitis suppurativa? | {
"contexts": [
"Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by abscess formation localized to apocrine sweat gland-bearing skin. The most important factor in patients' overall assessment of disease severity is pain. The duration of abscesses takes days to weeks and are always painful.",
"To assess the efficacy of self-treatment with topical 15% resorcinol in an open study.",
"The case notes of 12 women with stage 1 or 2 HS treated with topical resorcinol and followed up for at least 1 year were reviewed. The patients rated the efficacy of treatment on global maximum pain of nodules and abscesses on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and by self-report of the mean duration (days) of a painful lesion.",
"All patients experienced a significant decrease in pain as assessed by VAS and reported a reduction in mean duration of the painful abscesses."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Drug Administration Schedule",
"Female",
"Hidradenitis Suppurativa",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Pain",
"Pain Measurement",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Quality of Life",
"Resorcinols",
"Self Administration",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Topical treatment with 15% resorcinol reduced pain from painful nodules in all patients with HS. Further trials are warranted to confirm these results. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does resorcinol peel as a possible self-treatment of painful nodules in hidradenitis suppurativa?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by abscess formation localized to apocrine sweat gland-bearing skin. The most important factor in patients' overall assessment of disease severity is pain. The duration of abscesses takes days to weeks and are always painful.\", 'To assess the efficacy of self-treatment with topical 15% resorcinol in an open study.', 'The case notes of 12 women with stage 1 or 2 HS treated with topical resorcinol and followed up for at least 1 year were reviewed. The patients rated the efficacy of treatment on global maximum pain of nodules and abscesses on a visual analogue scale (VAS) and by self-report of the mean duration (days) of a painful lesion.', 'All patients experienced a significant decrease in pain as assessed by VAS and reported a reduction in mean duration of the painful abscesses.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Hidradenitis Suppurativa', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Quality of Life', 'Resorcinols', 'Self Administration', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,249 | Is increased quantity of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells an independent predictor for improved clinical outcome in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis, requiring risk-stratified management in affected patients. Recently, tumor microenvironment including regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been implicated as a prognostic marker in certain types of lymphoma.",
"We collected 64 NKTCL cases and numerically quantified the amount of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-positive Tregs by automated slide scanning and image analysis program after immunohistochemical staining using anti-FOXP3 antibody.",
"Patients were able to be classified into two end groups by their level of Tregs. Twenty-eight (44%) patients had Tregs <50/0.40 mm(2), while 36 (56%) had Tregs > or =50/0.40 mm(2) within the tumor. The decreased number of Tregs (<50/0.40 mm(2)) was more common in patients with poor performance status or in those presented in non-upper aerodigestive tract. However, the level of Tregs was not associated with other prognostic factors, including stage, lactate dehydrogenase level, International Prognostic Index, and NKTCL Prognostic Index. Importantly, patients with increased numbers of Tregs (> or =50/0.40 mm(2)) showed prolonged overall and progression-free survival (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.0079, respectively). The number of FOXP3-positive Tregs was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001) by multivariate analysis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Disease Progression",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Forkhead Transcription Factors",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating",
"Lymphoma, T-Cell",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Natural Killer T-Cells",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Survival Analysis",
"T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Increased quantity of tumor-infiltrating Tregs predicted improved clinical outcome in NKTCL patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is increased quantity of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-positive regulatory T cells an independent predictor for improved clinical outcome in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis, requiring risk-stratified management in affected patients. Recently, tumor microenvironment including regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been implicated as a prognostic marker in certain types of lymphoma.', 'We collected 64 NKTCL cases and numerically quantified the amount of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3-positive Tregs by automated slide scanning and image analysis program after immunohistochemical staining using anti-FOXP3 antibody.', 'Patients were able to be classified into two end groups by their level of Tregs. Twenty-eight (44%) patients had Tregs <50/0.40 mm(2), while 36 (56%) had Tregs > or =50/0.40 mm(2) within the tumor. The decreased number of Tregs (<50/0.40 mm(2)) was more common in patients with poor performance status or in those presented in non-upper aerodigestive tract. However, the level of Tregs was not associated with other prognostic factors, including stage, lactate dehydrogenase level, International Prognostic Index, and NKTCL Prognostic Index. Importantly, patients with increased numbers of Tregs (> or =50/0.40 mm(2)) showed prolonged overall and progression-free survival (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.0079, respectively). The number of FOXP3-positive Tregs was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001) by multivariate analysis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Disease Progression', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating', 'Lymphoma, T-Cell', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Natural Killer T-Cells', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Survival Analysis', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,029 | Is pre-operative Evaluation of Eustachian Tube Function Using a Modified Pressure Equilibration Test Predictive of Good Postoperative Hearing and Middle Ear Aeration in Type 1 Tympanoplasty Patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The Eustachian tube (ET) plays an important role in maintaining a normally aerated middle ear. Inflammation in middle ear disease is related to ET dysfunction, and postoperative restoration of middle ear integrity and hearing are closely related to ET function in chronic ear disease patients. After successful tympanoplasty, restoration of a well-aerated middle ear with good ET function can permit better compliance of the tympanic membrane. In this study, we evaluated the predictive validity of preoperative ET function measurements.",
"We reviewed 137 patients who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty. All patients had non-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media and received canal wall-up-type tympanomastoidectomies. Patients were categorized into four groups according to preoperative ET function measurements using a modified pressure inflation-deflation equilibration test. Group I patients had residual pressures less than 10 daPa, and Group IV patients showed no pressure change (poor results). Groups II and III were intermediate. Hearing levels were determined using pure tone averages at four frequencies. Postoperative tympanography was performed to determine middle ear aeration.",
"The preoperative air bone (AB) gap was 29.6+/-7.0 dB, and the postoperative gap was 16.5+/-5.7 dB; thus, there was significant overall improvement. In all groups, hearing was significantly better after surgery, but the worst postoperative hearing level was seen in Group IV patients. Type B tympanograms were more frequently recorded in Group IV patients than they were in Group I or II patients. Postoperative AB gaps were 9.2+/-3.8 dB in patients with type A tympanograms, 13.4+/-2.1 dB in those with type As, 24.1+/-2.5 dB in those with type C, and 18.5+/-2.8 dB in those with type B."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | ET function measured with a modified pressure equilibration test using an inflation-deflation manometric method is a good indicator of an aerated middle ear and is predictive of improved postoperative hearing. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is pre-operative Evaluation of Eustachian Tube Function Using a Modified Pressure Equilibration Test Predictive of Good Postoperative Hearing and Middle Ear Aeration in Type 1 Tympanoplasty Patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The Eustachian tube (ET) plays an important role in maintaining a normally aerated middle ear. Inflammation in middle ear disease is related to ET dysfunction, and postoperative restoration of middle ear integrity and hearing are closely related to ET function in chronic ear disease patients. After successful tympanoplasty, restoration of a well-aerated middle ear with good ET function can permit better compliance of the tympanic membrane. In this study, we evaluated the predictive validity of preoperative ET function measurements.', 'We reviewed 137 patients who underwent type 1 tympanoplasty. All patients had non-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media and received canal wall-up-type tympanomastoidectomies. Patients were categorized into four groups according to preoperative ET function measurements using a modified pressure inflation-deflation equilibration test. Group I patients had residual pressures less than 10 daPa, and Group IV patients showed no pressure change (poor results). Groups II and III were intermediate. Hearing levels were determined using pure tone averages at four frequencies. Postoperative tympanography was performed to determine middle ear aeration.', 'The preoperative air bone (AB) gap was 29.6+/-7.0 dB, and the postoperative gap was 16.5+/-5.7 dB; thus, there was significant overall improvement. In all groups, hearing was significantly better after surgery, but the worst postoperative hearing level was seen in Group IV patients. Type B tympanograms were more frequently recorded in Group IV patients than they were in Group I or II patients. Postoperative AB gaps were 9.2+/-3.8 dB in patients with type A tympanograms, 13.4+/-2.1 dB in those with type As, 24.1+/-2.5 dB in those with type C, and 18.5+/-2.8 dB in those with type B.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,558,687 | Does tularemia induce different biochemical responses in BALB/c mice and common voles? | {
"contexts": [
"Both BALB/c mice and common voles (Microtus arvalis) are considered highly susceptible to tularemia. However, the common vole is reported to harbour Francisella tularensis in European habitats as well as to survive longer with chronic shedding of the bacterium. The purpose of the present study was to compare the response of these two rodents to a wild Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strain infection.",
"Rodents were evaluated for differences in the total antioxidant capacity derived from low-molecular-weight antioxidants, biochemistry including lipid metabolism, tissue bacterial burdens and histopathology following experimental intraperitoneal infection with 160 colony forming units (CFU) pro toto.",
"Bacterial burdens in common voles started to develop later post-exposure and amounted to lower levels than in BALB/c mice. Elevation of liver function enzymes was more pronounced in mice than common voles and there were marked differences in lipid metabolism in the course of tularemia in these two species. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia developed in mice, while physiologically higher levels of triglycerides and cholesterol showed a decreasing tendency in common voles. On the other hand, the total plasma antioxidant capacity gradually dropped to 81.5% in mice on day 5 post-infection, while it increased to 130% on day 6 post-infection in common voles. Significant correlations between tissue bacterial burdens and several biochemical parameters were found."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Arvicolinae",
"Cholesterol",
"Lipid Metabolism",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Rodent Diseases",
"Triglycerides",
"Tularemia"
]
} | As differences in lipid metabolism and the total antioxidant capacity of highly susceptible rodent species were demonstrated, the role of triglycerides, cholesterol and antioxidants in tularemic sepsis should be further investigated. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does tularemia induce different biochemical responses in BALB/c mice and common voles?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Both BALB/c mice and common voles (Microtus arvalis) are considered highly susceptible to tularemia. However, the common vole is reported to harbour Francisella tularensis in European habitats as well as to survive longer with chronic shedding of the bacterium. The purpose of the present study was to compare the response of these two rodents to a wild Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strain infection.', 'Rodents were evaluated for differences in the total antioxidant capacity derived from low-molecular-weight antioxidants, biochemistry including lipid metabolism, tissue bacterial burdens and histopathology following experimental intraperitoneal infection with 160 colony forming units (CFU) pro toto.', 'Bacterial burdens in common voles started to develop later post-exposure and amounted to lower levels than in BALB/c mice. Elevation of liver function enzymes was more pronounced in mice than common voles and there were marked differences in lipid metabolism in the course of tularemia in these two species. Hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia developed in mice, while physiologically higher levels of triglycerides and cholesterol showed a decreasing tendency in common voles. On the other hand, the total plasma antioxidant capacity gradually dropped to 81.5% in mice on day 5 post-infection, while it increased to 130% on day 6 post-infection in common voles. Significant correlations between tissue bacterial burdens and several biochemical parameters were found.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Arvicolinae', 'Cholesterol', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Rodent Diseases', 'Triglycerides', 'Tularemia']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,583 | Is optical coherence tomography less sensitive than visual evoked potentials in optic neuritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Determine the utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect clinical and subclinical remote optic neuritis (ON), its relationship to clinical characteristics of ON and visual function, and whether the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness functions as a surrogate marker of global disease severity.",
"Cross-sectional study of 65 subjects with at least 1 clinical ON episode at least 6 months prior. Measures included clinical characteristics, visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), OCT, and visual evoked potentials (VEP).",
"Ninety-six clinically affected optic nerves were studied. The sensitivity of OCT RNFL after ON was 60%, decreasing further with mild onset and good recovery. VEP sensitivity was superior at 81% (p = 0.002). Subclinical ON in the unaffected eye was present in 32%. VEP identified 75% of all subclinically affected eyes, and OCT identified <20%. RNFL thickness demonstrated linear correlations with VA (r = 0.65) and CS (r = 0.72) but was unable to distinguish visual categories <20/50. RNFL was thinner with severe onset and disease recurrence but was unaffected by IV glucocorticoids. OCT measurements were not related to overall disability, ethnicity, sex, or age at onset. The greatest predictor for RNFL in the unaffected eye was the RNFL in the fellow affected eye."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Electrodiagnosis",
"Electroencephalography",
"Evoked Potentials, Visual",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nerve Fibers, Myelinated",
"Neural Conduction",
"Optic Nerve",
"Optic Neuritis",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Retina",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Tomography, Optical Coherence",
"Visual Pathways",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Visual evoked potentials (VEP) remains the preferred test for detecting clinical and subclinical optic neuritis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures were unrelated to disability and demographic features predicting a worse prognosis in multiple sclerosis. OCT may provide complementary information to VEP in select cases, and remains a valuable research tool for studying optic nerve disease in populations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is optical coherence tomography less sensitive than visual evoked potentials in optic neuritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Determine the utility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect clinical and subclinical remote optic neuritis (ON), its relationship to clinical characteristics of ON and visual function, and whether the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness functions as a surrogate marker of global disease severity.', 'Cross-sectional study of 65 subjects with at least 1 clinical ON episode at least 6 months prior. Measures included clinical characteristics, visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), OCT, and visual evoked potentials (VEP).', 'Ninety-six clinically affected optic nerves were studied. The sensitivity of OCT RNFL after ON was 60%, decreasing further with mild onset and good recovery. VEP sensitivity was superior at 81% (p = 0.002). Subclinical ON in the unaffected eye was present in 32%. VEP identified 75% of all subclinically affected eyes, and OCT identified <20%. RNFL thickness demonstrated linear correlations with VA (r = 0.65) and CS (r = 0.72) but was unable to distinguish visual categories <20/50. RNFL was thinner with severe onset and disease recurrence but was unaffected by IV glucocorticoids. OCT measurements were not related to overall disability, ethnicity, sex, or age at onset. The greatest predictor for RNFL in the unaffected eye was the RNFL in the fellow affected eye.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Electrodiagnosis', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Neural Conduction', 'Optic Nerve', 'Optic Neuritis', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Retina', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence', 'Visual Pathways', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,234 | Do annotated receipts capture household food purchases from a broad range of sources? | {
"contexts": [
"Accurate measurement of household food purchase behavior (HFPB) is important for understanding its association with household characteristics, individual dietary intake and neighborhood food retail outlets. However, little research has been done to develop measures of HFPB. The main objective of this paper is to describe the development of a measure of HFPB using annotated food purchase receipts.",
"Households collected and annotated food purchase receipts for a four-week period as part of the baseline assessment of a household nutrition intervention. Receipts were collected from all food sources, including grocery stores and restaurants. Households (n = 90) were recruited from the community as part of an obesity prevention intervention conducted in 2007-2008 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Household primary shoppers were trained to follow a standardized receipt collection and annotation protocol. Annotated receipts were mailed weekly to research staff. Staff coded the receipt data and entered it into a database. Total food dollars, proportion of food dollars, and ounces of food purchased were examined for different food sources and food categories. Descriptive statistics and correlations are presented.",
"A total of 2,483 receipts were returned by 90 households. Home sources comprised 45% of receipts and eating-out sources 55%. Eating-out entrees were proportionally the largest single food category based on counts (16.6%) and dollars ($106 per month). Two-week expenditures were highly correlated (r = 0.83) with four-week expenditures."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Receipt data provided important quantitative information about HFPB from a wide range of sources and food categories. Two weeks may be adequate to reliably characterize HFPB using annotated receipts. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do annotated receipts capture household food purchases from a broad range of sources?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Accurate measurement of household food purchase behavior (HFPB) is important for understanding its association with household characteristics, individual dietary intake and neighborhood food retail outlets. However, little research has been done to develop measures of HFPB. The main objective of this paper is to describe the development of a measure of HFPB using annotated food purchase receipts.', 'Households collected and annotated food purchase receipts for a four-week period as part of the baseline assessment of a household nutrition intervention. Receipts were collected from all food sources, including grocery stores and restaurants. Households (n = 90) were recruited from the community as part of an obesity prevention intervention conducted in 2007-2008 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Household primary shoppers were trained to follow a standardized receipt collection and annotation protocol. Annotated receipts were mailed weekly to research staff. Staff coded the receipt data and entered it into a database. Total food dollars, proportion of food dollars, and ounces of food purchased were examined for different food sources and food categories. Descriptive statistics and correlations are presented.', 'A total of 2,483 receipts were returned by 90 households. Home sources comprised 45% of receipts and eating-out sources 55%. Eating-out entrees were proportionally the largest single food category based on counts (16.6%) and dollars ($106 per month). Two-week expenditures were highly correlated (r = 0.83) with four-week expenditures.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,434 | Is conservation of the glucan phosphatase laforin linked to rates of molecular evolution and the glucan metabolism of the organism? | {
"contexts": [
"Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. A hallmark of LD is cytoplasmic accumulation of insoluble glucans, called Lafora bodies (LBs). Mutations in the gene encoding the phosphatase laforin account for approximately 50% of LD cases, and this gene is conserved in all vertebrates. We recently demonstrated that laforin is the founding member of a unique class of phosphatases that dephosphorylate glucans.",
"Herein, we identify laforin orthologs in a protist and two invertebrate genomes, and report that laforin is absent in the vast majority of protozoan genomes and it is lacking in all other invertebrate genomes sequenced to date. We biochemically characterized recombinant proteins from the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae to demonstrate that they are laforin orthologs. We demonstrate that the laforin gene has a unique evolutionary lineage; it is conserved in all vertebrates, a subclass of protists that metabolize insoluble glucans resembling LBs, and two invertebrates. We analyzed the intron-exon boundaries of the laforin genes in each organism and determine, based on recently published reports describing rates of molecular evolution in Branchiostoma and Nematostella, that the conservation of laforin is linked to the molecular rate of evolution and the glucan metabolism of an organism."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amino Acid Sequence",
"Animals",
"Anthozoa",
"Chordata, Nonvertebrate",
"Evolution, Molecular",
"Exons",
"Glucans",
"Humans",
"Introns",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Phosphorylation",
"Phylogeny",
"Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor",
"Sequence Alignment",
"Sequence Homology, Amino Acid",
"Substrate Specificity"
]
} | Our results alter the existing view of glucan phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and strongly suggest that glucan phosphorylation is a multi-Kingdom regulatory mechanism, encompassing at least some invertebrates. These results establish boundaries concerning which organisms contain laforin. Laforin is conserved in all vertebrates, it has been lost in the vast majority of lower organisms, and yet it is an ancient gene that is conserved in a subset of protists and invertebrates that have undergone slower rates of molecular evolution and/or metabolize a carbohydrate similar to LBs. Thus, the laforin gene holds a unique place in evolutionary biology and has yielded insights into glucan metabolism and the molecular etiology of Lafora disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is conservation of the glucan phosphatase laforin linked to rates of molecular evolution and the glucan metabolism of the organism?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. A hallmark of LD is cytoplasmic accumulation of insoluble glucans, called Lafora bodies (LBs). Mutations in the gene encoding the phosphatase laforin account for approximately 50% of LD cases, and this gene is conserved in all vertebrates. We recently demonstrated that laforin is the founding member of a unique class of phosphatases that dephosphorylate glucans.', 'Herein, we identify laforin orthologs in a protist and two invertebrate genomes, and report that laforin is absent in the vast majority of protozoan genomes and it is lacking in all other invertebrate genomes sequenced to date. We biochemically characterized recombinant proteins from the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and the amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae to demonstrate that they are laforin orthologs. We demonstrate that the laforin gene has a unique evolutionary lineage; it is conserved in all vertebrates, a subclass of protists that metabolize insoluble glucans resembling LBs, and two invertebrates. We analyzed the intron-exon boundaries of the laforin genes in each organism and determine, based on recently published reports describing rates of molecular evolution in Branchiostoma and Nematostella, that the conservation of laforin is linked to the molecular rate of evolution and the glucan metabolism of an organism.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Anthozoa', 'Chordata, Nonvertebrate', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Exons', 'Glucans', 'Humans', 'Introns', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phylogeny', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Substrate Specificity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,559,492 | Does co-morbidity index predict for mortality after stereotactic body radiotherapy for medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the prognostic role of co-morbidity in medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).",
"Between 2000 and 2007, 88 consecutive early-stage medically inoperable NSCLC patients were treated by linac-based SBRT. The dose was either 45 Gy or 67.5 Gy in three fractions prescribed to the isocenter. Baseline co-morbidities were retrospectively retrieved by consultation of a formal electronic registry of diagnoses as well as patients' charts. The age-adjusted Charlson Co-morbidity Index (CCI) was scored for each patient and subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis.",
"With a median follow-up of 44 months, the actuarial local control rate at 4 years was 89% while the median overall survival was 22 months. The median age-adjusted CCI score was 5. The age-adjusted CCI was a significant predictor of overall survival on both univariate (p=0.002) and multivariate analysis (p=0.011). Patients with an age-adjusted CCI score of 3 or less had a median survival of 41 months versus only 11 months for those scoring 6 or more."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung",
"Comorbidity",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Radiosurgery",
"Radiotherapy Dosage",
"Survival Rate"
]
} | The number and seriousness of co-morbidities predict overall survival in medically inoperable early-stage NSCLC treated with SBRT. Because the determination of medical operability is frequently based on both objective measures and subjective clinical judgment, it is recommended that co-morbidity be formally indexed in all studies examining the outcomes of SBRT. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does co-morbidity index predict for mortality after stereotactic body radiotherapy for medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the prognostic role of co-morbidity in medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).', \"Between 2000 and 2007, 88 consecutive early-stage medically inoperable NSCLC patients were treated by linac-based SBRT. The dose was either 45 Gy or 67.5 Gy in three fractions prescribed to the isocenter. Baseline co-morbidities were retrospectively retrieved by consultation of a formal electronic registry of diagnoses as well as patients' charts. The age-adjusted Charlson Co-morbidity Index (CCI) was scored for each patient and subjected to univariate and multivariate analysis.\", 'With a median follow-up of 44 months, the actuarial local control rate at 4 years was 89% while the median overall survival was 22 months. The median age-adjusted CCI score was 5. The age-adjusted CCI was a significant predictor of overall survival on both univariate (p=0.002) and multivariate analysis (p=0.011). Patients with an age-adjusted CCI score of 3 or less had a median survival of 41 months versus only 11 months for those scoring 6 or more.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Radiosurgery', 'Radiotherapy Dosage', 'Survival Rate']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,566,899 | Are serum VEGF levels in acute ischaemic strokes correlated with long-term prognosis? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in acute-stage ischaemic stroke patients with small vessel disease (SVD) or large vessel disease (LVD) are correlated with long-term prognoses, based on the difference in NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores between acute and chronic stages.",
"From March 2007 to May 2008, we evaluated patients who experienced an ischaemic stroke for the first time, defined as SVD (n = 89) or LVD (n = 91) using the TOAST classification. Serum samples were taken immediately after admission (within 24 h of stroke onset) to evaluate VEGF levels. After 3 months, follow-up NIHSS scores were collected for all patients.",
"Serum VEGF levels in the acute stage (within 24 h of stroke onset) were higher in the LVD group than in the SVD group and were correlated with infarction volume. The increase in serum VEGF levels in the acute stage was proportional to an improved NIHSS score after 3 months. After adjustment for covariates, serum VEGF levels in the acute stage were still significantly correlated with the long-term prognosis of ischaemic stroke."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Aged",
"Biomarkers",
"Brain",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Brain Mapping",
"Cerebral Arteries",
"Disability Evaluation",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Angiography",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Stroke",
"Up-Regulation",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | Serum VEGF levels are correlated with long-term prognoses in acute ischaemic stroke patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are serum VEGF levels in acute ischaemic strokes correlated with long-term prognosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated whether serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in acute-stage ischaemic stroke patients with small vessel disease (SVD) or large vessel disease (LVD) are correlated with long-term prognoses, based on the difference in NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores between acute and chronic stages.', 'From March 2007 to May 2008, we evaluated patients who experienced an ischaemic stroke for the first time, defined as SVD (n = 89) or LVD (n = 91) using the TOAST classification. Serum samples were taken immediately after admission (within 24 h of stroke onset) to evaluate VEGF levels. After 3 months, follow-up NIHSS scores were collected for all patients.', 'Serum VEGF levels in the acute stage (within 24 h of stroke onset) were higher in the LVD group than in the SVD group and were correlated with infarction volume. The increase in serum VEGF levels in the acute stage was proportional to an improved NIHSS score after 3 months. After adjustment for covariates, serum VEGF levels in the acute stage were still significantly correlated with the long-term prognosis of ischaemic stroke.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Angiography', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Stroke', 'Up-Regulation', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,080 | Does echocardiographic tissue deformation imaging quantify abnormal regional right ventricular function in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of new quantitative echocardiographic strain and strain-rate imaging parameters to identify abnormal regional right ventricular (RV) deformation associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C).",
"A total of 34 patients with ARVD/C (confirmed by Task Force criteria) and 34 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Conventional echocardiography, including Doppler tissue imaging (DTI), was performed. Doppler and two-dimensional strain-derived velocity, strain, and strain rate were calculated in the apical, mid, and basal segments of the RV free wall.",
"RV dimensions were significantly increased in patients with ARVD/C (RV outflow tract 19.3+/-5.2 mm/m2 vs 14.1+/-2.2 mm/m2, P<.001; RV inflow tract 23.4+/-4.8 mm/m2 vs 18.8+/-2.4 mm/m2, P<.001), whereas left ventricular dimensions were not significantly different compared with controls. Strain and strain rate values were significantly lower in patients with ARVD/C in all 3 segments. All deformation parameters showed a higher accuracy to detect functional abnormalities compared with conventional echocardiographic criteria of dimensions or global systolic function. The lowest DTI strain value in any of the 3 analyzed segments showed the best receiver operating characteristics (area under the curve 0.97) with an optimal cutoff value of -18.2%."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia",
"Elasticity Imaging Techniques",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Ventricular Dysfunction, Right"
]
} | DTI and two-dimensional strain-derived parameters are superior to conventional echocardiographic parameters in identifying ARVD/C. This novel technique may have additional value in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected ARVD/C. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does echocardiographic tissue deformation imaging quantify abnormal regional right ventricular function in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of new quantitative echocardiographic strain and strain-rate imaging parameters to identify abnormal regional right ventricular (RV) deformation associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C).', 'A total of 34 patients with ARVD/C (confirmed by Task Force criteria) and 34 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Conventional echocardiography, including Doppler tissue imaging (DTI), was performed. Doppler and two-dimensional strain-derived velocity, strain, and strain rate were calculated in the apical, mid, and basal segments of the RV free wall.', 'RV dimensions were significantly increased in patients with ARVD/C (RV outflow tract 19.3+/-5.2 mm/m2 vs 14.1+/-2.2 mm/m2, P<.001; RV inflow tract 23.4+/-4.8 mm/m2 vs 18.8+/-2.4 mm/m2, P<.001), whereas left ventricular dimensions were not significantly different compared with controls. Strain and strain rate values were significantly lower in patients with ARVD/C in all 3 segments. All deformation parameters showed a higher accuracy to detect functional abnormalities compared with conventional echocardiographic criteria of dimensions or global systolic function. The lowest DTI strain value in any of the 3 analyzed segments showed the best receiver operating characteristics (area under the curve 0.97) with an optimal cutoff value of -18.2%.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia', 'Elasticity Imaging Techniques', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Right']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,296 | Does impact of electronic health record-based alert on influenza vaccination for children with asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal was to assess the impact of influenza vaccine clinical alerts on missed opportunities for vaccination and on overall influenza immunization rates for children and adolescents with asthma.",
"A prospective, cluster-randomized trial of 20 primary care sites was conducted between October 1, 2006, and March 31, 2007. At intervention sites, electronic health record-based clinical alerts for influenza vaccine appeared at all office visits for children between 5 and 19 years of age with asthma who were due for vaccine. The proportion of captured immunization opportunities at visits and overall rates of complete vaccination for patients at intervention and control sites were compared with those for the previous year, after standardization for relevant covariates. The study had >80% power to detect an 8% difference in the change in rates between the study and baseline years at intervention versus control practices.",
"A total of 23 418 visits and 11 919 children were included in the study year and 21 422 visits and 10 667 children in the previous year. The majority of children were male, 5 to 9 years of age, and privately insured. With standardization for selected covariates, captured vaccination opportunities increased from 14.4% to 18.6% at intervention sites and from 12.7% to 16.3% at control sites, a 0.3% greater improvement. Standardized influenza vaccination rates improved 3.4% more at intervention sites than at control sites. The 4 practices with the greatest increases in rates (>or=11%) were all in the intervention group. Vaccine receipt was more common among children who had been vaccinated previously, with increasing numbers of visits, with care early in the season, and at preventive versus acute care visits."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Asthma",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Decision Support Systems, Clinical",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Influenza Vaccines",
"Influenza, Human",
"Male",
"Medical Records Systems, Computerized",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Office Visits",
"Primary Health Care",
"Prospective Studies",
"Reminder Systems",
"United States",
"Vaccination",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Clinical alerts were associated with only modest improvements in influenza vaccination rates. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does impact of electronic health record-based alert on influenza vaccination for children with asthma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The goal was to assess the impact of influenza vaccine clinical alerts on missed opportunities for vaccination and on overall influenza immunization rates for children and adolescents with asthma.', 'A prospective, cluster-randomized trial of 20 primary care sites was conducted between October 1, 2006, and March 31, 2007. At intervention sites, electronic health record-based clinical alerts for influenza vaccine appeared at all office visits for children between 5 and 19 years of age with asthma who were due for vaccine. The proportion of captured immunization opportunities at visits and overall rates of complete vaccination for patients at intervention and control sites were compared with those for the previous year, after standardization for relevant covariates. The study had >80% power to detect an 8% difference in the change in rates between the study and baseline years at intervention versus control practices.', 'A total of 23 418 visits and 11 919 children were included in the study year and 21 422 visits and 10 667 children in the previous year. The majority of children were male, 5 to 9 years of age, and privately insured. With standardization for selected covariates, captured vaccination opportunities increased from 14.4% to 18.6% at intervention sites and from 12.7% to 16.3% at control sites, a 0.3% greater improvement. Standardized influenza vaccination rates improved 3.4% more at intervention sites than at control sites. The 4 practices with the greatest increases in rates (>or=11%) were all in the intervention group. Vaccine receipt was more common among children who had been vaccinated previously, with increasing numbers of visits, with care early in the season, and at preventive versus acute care visits.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Decision Support Systems, Clinical', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Influenza Vaccines', 'Influenza, Human', 'Male', 'Medical Records Systems, Computerized', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Office Visits', 'Primary Health Care', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reminder Systems', 'United States', 'Vaccination', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,743 | Does growth hormone receptor antagonist treatment reduce exercise performance in young males? | {
"contexts": [
"The effects of GH on exercise performance remain unclear.",
"The aim of the study was to examine the effects of GH receptor (GHR) antagonist treatment on exercise performance.",
"Subjects were treated with the GHR antagonist pegvisomant or placebo for 16 d. After the treatment period, they exercised to determine exercise performance and hormonal and metabolic responses.",
"Twenty healthy males participated in the study.",
"Subjects were treated with the GHR antagonist (n = 10; 10 mg/d) or placebo (n = 10). After the treatment period, they performed a maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2 max)) test and a prolonged exercise test, consisting of 60 min of submaximal cycling followed by exercise to fatigue at 90% of VO(2 max).",
"VO(2 max) was measured before and after the treatment period. Hormonal and metabolic responses and time to exhaustion during prolonged exercise were determined.",
"Resting serum IGF-I concentration decreased by 20% in the GHR antagonist-treated group (P < 0.05), whereas no change was observed in the placebo group. Conversely, resting serum GH concentration was significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.01). VO(2 max) did not change significantly in either group after the treatment period. Time to exhaustion at 90% of VO(2 max) was significantly shorter in the treatment group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of changes in serum free fatty acids, glycerol, VO(2), or relative fat oxidation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Glucose",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Exercise",
"Fatty Acids, Nonesterified",
"Human Growth Hormone",
"Humans",
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3",
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor I",
"Lactic Acid",
"Male",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Receptors, Somatotropin"
]
} | GH might be an important determinant of exercise capacity during prolonged exercise, but GHR antagonist did not alter fat metabolism during exercise. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does growth hormone receptor antagonist treatment reduce exercise performance in young males?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The effects of GH on exercise performance remain unclear.', 'The aim of the study was to examine the effects of GH receptor (GHR) antagonist treatment on exercise performance.', 'Subjects were treated with the GHR antagonist pegvisomant or placebo for 16 d. After the treatment period, they exercised to determine exercise performance and hormonal and metabolic responses.', 'Twenty healthy males participated in the study.', 'Subjects were treated with the GHR antagonist (n = 10; 10 mg/d) or placebo (n = 10). After the treatment period, they performed a maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2 max)) test and a prolonged exercise test, consisting of 60 min of submaximal cycling followed by exercise to fatigue at 90% of VO(2 max).', 'VO(2 max) was measured before and after the treatment period. Hormonal and metabolic responses and time to exhaustion during prolonged exercise were determined.', 'Resting serum IGF-I concentration decreased by 20% in the GHR antagonist-treated group (P < 0.05), whereas no change was observed in the placebo group. Conversely, resting serum GH concentration was significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.01). VO(2 max) did not change significantly in either group after the treatment period. Time to exhaustion at 90% of VO(2 max) was significantly shorter in the treatment group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of changes in serum free fatty acids, glycerol, VO(2), or relative fat oxidation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Exercise', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Receptors, Somatotropin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,544,045 | Does infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease in IL-10-deficient mice? | {
"contexts": [
"We questioned whether infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (HV-68) might exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease using mice deficient in IL-10 (IL-10-/-) as a model of developing colitis.",
"Groups of C57BL/6 mice and IL-10-/- mice were mock-treated or infected with HV-68. Two months following infection, mice were euthanized and a variety of parameters were measured to quantify the extent of inflammation and the presence of virus. Measurements included survival, body weight, splenomegaly, colonic disease scores, liver histopathology, viable bacteria in the liver, and splenic viral burden.",
"IL-10-/- mice infected with HV-68 displayed reduced survival, lower body weights, increased splenomegaly, exacerbated colonic disease scores, increased numbers of viable bacteria in the liver, and increased leukocyte liver infiltration when compared to mock-treated IL-10-/- mice or HV-68 infected C57BL/6 mice. Surprisingly, levels of infectious or latent virus were not significantly different between the groups of mice exposed to HV-68."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Line",
"Colon",
"Herpesviridae Infections",
"Humans",
"Inflammatory Bowel Diseases",
"Interleukin-10",
"Leukocytes",
"Liver",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Rhadinovirus",
"Spleen",
"Survival Rate",
"Viral Load",
"Virus Latency"
]
} | The presence of HV-68 in IL-10-/- mice exacerbates the developing clinical disease in this animal model of colitis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease in IL-10-deficient mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We questioned whether infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (HV-68) might exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease using mice deficient in IL-10 (IL-10-/-) as a model of developing colitis.', 'Groups of C57BL/6 mice and IL-10-/- mice were mock-treated or infected with HV-68. Two months following infection, mice were euthanized and a variety of parameters were measured to quantify the extent of inflammation and the presence of virus. Measurements included survival, body weight, splenomegaly, colonic disease scores, liver histopathology, viable bacteria in the liver, and splenic viral burden.', 'IL-10-/- mice infected with HV-68 displayed reduced survival, lower body weights, increased splenomegaly, exacerbated colonic disease scores, increased numbers of viable bacteria in the liver, and increased leukocyte liver infiltration when compared to mock-treated IL-10-/- mice or HV-68 infected C57BL/6 mice. Surprisingly, levels of infectious or latent virus were not significantly different between the groups of mice exposed to HV-68.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Colon', 'Herpesviridae Infections', 'Humans', 'Inflammatory Bowel Diseases', 'Interleukin-10', 'Leukocytes', 'Liver', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Rhadinovirus', 'Spleen', 'Survival Rate', 'Viral Load', 'Virus Latency']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,153 | Do multiple cardiac proteasome subtypes differ in their susceptibility to proteasome inhibitors? | {
"contexts": [
"The proteasome is the proteolytically active core of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which regulates vital processes and which can cause various diseases when it malfunctions. Therefore, the proteasome has become an attractive target for pharmaceutical interventions. Inhibition of the cardiac proteasome by specific proteasome inhibitors has been shown to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and ischaemia reperfusion injury of the heart. We have resolved the cardiac proteasome into its subtypes and have addressed the key question of how proteasome inhibitors affect single cardiac proteasomal subtypes.",
"The 20S proteasome from rat heart was dissected into three different subpopulations (groups I-III), each comprising 4-7 different subtypes. The major group (group II) comprises standard proteasome subtypes; the two minor subpopulations (groups I and III) contain intermediate proteasome subtypes. All subtypes exhibit chymotrypsin-, trypsin-, and caspase-like activity but to different degrees. We have tested the effect of two common proteasome inhibitors on the chymotrypsin-like activity of all subtypes: 20-30 nmol/L MG132 caused 50% inhibition of all subtypes from groups I and II, whereas 100 nmol/L was necessary to affect group III subtypes to the same extent. However, another inhibitor, bortezomib (VELCADE), already used clinically, inhibited 50% of the activity of group III proteasome subtypes even below 20 nmol/L, a concentration showing almost no effect on group I and II proteasome subtypes. The caspase-like activity of group II proteasome subtypes was not affected by MG132 and was inhibited by bortezomib only at concentrations above 100 nmol/L."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Boronic Acids",
"Bortezomib",
"Leupeptins",
"Male",
"Myocardium",
"Protease Inhibitors",
"Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex",
"Proteasome Inhibitors",
"Pyrazines",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar"
]
} | These data show that different inhibitors have differential inhibitory effects on the various cardiac proteasome subtypes. Different cardiac subtypes are inhibited by the same dose of proteasome inhibitor to a different extent. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do multiple cardiac proteasome subtypes differ in their susceptibility to proteasome inhibitors?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The proteasome is the proteolytically active core of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which regulates vital processes and which can cause various diseases when it malfunctions. Therefore, the proteasome has become an attractive target for pharmaceutical interventions. Inhibition of the cardiac proteasome by specific proteasome inhibitors has been shown to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy and ischaemia reperfusion injury of the heart. We have resolved the cardiac proteasome into its subtypes and have addressed the key question of how proteasome inhibitors affect single cardiac proteasomal subtypes.', 'The 20S proteasome from rat heart was dissected into three different subpopulations (groups I-III), each comprising 4-7 different subtypes. The major group (group II) comprises standard proteasome subtypes; the two minor subpopulations (groups I and III) contain intermediate proteasome subtypes. All subtypes exhibit chymotrypsin-, trypsin-, and caspase-like activity but to different degrees. We have tested the effect of two common proteasome inhibitors on the chymotrypsin-like activity of all subtypes: 20-30 nmol/L MG132 caused 50% inhibition of all subtypes from groups I and II, whereas 100 nmol/L was necessary to affect group III subtypes to the same extent. However, another inhibitor, bortezomib (VELCADE), already used clinically, inhibited 50% of the activity of group III proteasome subtypes even below 20 nmol/L, a concentration showing almost no effect on group I and II proteasome subtypes. The caspase-like activity of group II proteasome subtypes was not affected by MG132 and was inhibited by bortezomib only at concentrations above 100 nmol/L.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Boronic Acids', 'Bortezomib', 'Leupeptins', 'Male', 'Myocardium', 'Protease Inhibitors', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Proteasome Inhibitors', 'Pyrazines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,702 | Does alteration of neuropeptides in the lung tissue correlate brain death-induced neurogenic edema? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased intracranial pressure induces neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), potentially explaining why only lungs from less than 20% of brain dead organ donors can be used for transplantation. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of NPE, focusing on neuropeptides, which potently induce vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and neurogenic inflammation.",
"Brain death was induced in 10 pigs by increasing the intracranial pressure. Eight additional pigs served as controls. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P were analyzed in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and homogenized lung tissue 6 hours after brain death. Pulmonary oxygen exchange was estimated using partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2), and pulmonary edema by wet/dry weight ratio.",
"Brain death induced a decrease in Pao(2)/Fio2 (p < 0.001) and increased the wet/dry weight of both apical (p = 0.01) and basal lobes (p = 0.03). NPY and CGRP concentrations were higher in the BAL fluid of brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02) and were positively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. NPY content in lung tissue was lower in brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.04) and was negatively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. There were no differences in substance P concentrations between the groups."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biomarkers",
"Brain Death",
"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid",
"Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Female",
"Lung",
"Neurogenic Inflammation",
"Neuropeptide Y",
"Neuropeptides",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Pulmonary Edema",
"Substance P",
"Swine",
"Vasoconstriction",
"Vasodilation"
]
} | NPY was released from the lung tissue of brain-dead pigs, and its concentration was related to the extent of pulmonary edema. NPY may be one of several crucial mediators of neurogenic pulmonary edema, raising the possibility of treatment with NPY-antagonists to increase the number of available lung donors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does alteration of neuropeptides in the lung tissue correlate brain death-induced neurogenic edema?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Increased intracranial pressure induces neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), potentially explaining why only lungs from less than 20% of brain dead organ donors can be used for transplantation. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of NPE, focusing on neuropeptides, which potently induce vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and neurogenic inflammation.', 'Brain death was induced in 10 pigs by increasing the intracranial pressure. Eight additional pigs served as controls. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P were analyzed in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and homogenized lung tissue 6 hours after brain death. Pulmonary oxygen exchange was estimated using partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2), and pulmonary edema by wet/dry weight ratio.', 'Brain death induced a decrease in Pao(2)/Fio2 (p < 0.001) and increased the wet/dry weight of both apical (p = 0.01) and basal lobes (p = 0.03). NPY and CGRP concentrations were higher in the BAL fluid of brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02) and were positively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. NPY content in lung tissue was lower in brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.04) and was negatively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. There were no differences in substance P concentrations between the groups.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Brain Death', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Female', 'Lung', 'Neurogenic Inflammation', 'Neuropeptide Y', 'Neuropeptides', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pulmonary Edema', 'Substance P', 'Swine', 'Vasoconstriction', 'Vasodilation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,035 | Does bioluminescence imaging in mouse models quantify beta cell mass in the pancreas and after islet transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"We developed a mouse model that enables non-invasive assessment of changes in beta cell mass.",
"We generated a transgenic mouse expressing luciferase under control of the mouse insulin I promoter [mouse insulin promoter-luciferase-Vanderbilt University (MIP-Luc-VU)] and characterized this model in mice with increased or decreased beta cell mass and after islet transplantation.",
"Streptozotocin-induced, diabetic MIP-Luc-VU mice had a progressive decline in bioluminescence that correlated with a decrease in beta cell mass. MIP-Luc-VU animals fed a high-fat diet displayed a progressive increase in bioluminescence that reflected an increase in beta cell mass. MIP-Luc-VU islets transplanted beneath the renal capsule or into the liver emitted bioluminescence proportional to the number of islets transplanted and could be imaged for more than a year."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Size",
"Glucose Tolerance Test",
"Insulin",
"Insulin-Secreting Cells",
"Islets of Langerhans Transplantation",
"Luciferases",
"Luminescent Measurements",
"Mice",
"Models, Animal",
"Molecular Imaging",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Whole Body Imaging"
]
} | Bioluminescence in the MIP-Luc-VU mouse model is proportional to beta cell mass in the setting of increased and decreased beta cell mass and after transplantation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does bioluminescence imaging in mouse models quantify beta cell mass in the pancreas and after islet transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We developed a mouse model that enables non-invasive assessment of changes in beta cell mass.', 'We generated a transgenic mouse expressing luciferase under control of the mouse insulin I promoter [mouse insulin promoter-luciferase-Vanderbilt University (MIP-Luc-VU)] and characterized this model in mice with increased or decreased beta cell mass and after islet transplantation.', 'Streptozotocin-induced, diabetic MIP-Luc-VU mice had a progressive decline in bioluminescence that correlated with a decrease in beta cell mass. MIP-Luc-VU animals fed a high-fat diet displayed a progressive increase in bioluminescence that reflected an increase in beta cell mass. MIP-Luc-VU islets transplanted beneath the renal capsule or into the liver emitted bioluminescence proportional to the number of islets transplanted and could be imaged for more than a year.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Size', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Insulin', 'Insulin-Secreting Cells', 'Islets of Langerhans Transplantation', 'Luciferases', 'Luminescent Measurements', 'Mice', 'Models, Animal', 'Molecular Imaging', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Whole Body Imaging']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,991 | Is resistance exercise plus to aerobic activities associated with better lipids ' profile among healthy individuals : the ATTICA study? | {
"contexts": [
"The influence of different types of exercise on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases has rarely been investigated. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of adding resistance exercise to aerobic activities on lipid-lipoprotein profile, in a representative sample of men and women from the province of Attica, Greece.",
"We randomly enrolled 1514 and 1528 healthy men and women, respectively, stratified by city, age and gender distribution. Participants were classified as inactive (INA), sufficiently active (SA) and highly active for either aerobic activities (HAA) alone or a combination of aerobic plus resistance exercise (HAC). The main outcome measures are lipid-lipoprotein profile [total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-A1, apolipoprotein-B] and anthropometric indices.",
"From those participating in aerobic activities, 480 (31.7%) men and 502 (32.9%) women were classified as SA, 100 men (6.6%) and 93 women (6.1%) as HAA and 90 men (5.9%) and 49 women (3.2%) as HAC. After various adjustments were made, men from the HAC group had an average of 23% lower plasma triacylglycerol concentration (P = 0.04) and 10% lower LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.01) when compared with the HAA group. Moreover, women from the HAC group had 13% lower LDL-cholesterol when compared with HAA group (P = 0.051)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Life Style",
"Lipids",
"Lipoproteins",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Resistance Training",
"Risk Factors",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | These data suggest that combining aerobic and resistance-type activities may confer a better effect on lipoprotein profile in healthy individuals than aerobic activities alone. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is resistance exercise plus to aerobic activities associated with better lipids ' profile among healthy individuals : the ATTICA study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The influence of different types of exercise on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases has rarely been investigated. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of adding resistance exercise to aerobic activities on lipid-lipoprotein profile, in a representative sample of men and women from the province of Attica, Greece.', 'We randomly enrolled 1514 and 1528 healthy men and women, respectively, stratified by city, age and gender distribution. Participants were classified as inactive (INA), sufficiently active (SA) and highly active for either aerobic activities (HAA) alone or a combination of aerobic plus resistance exercise (HAC). The main outcome measures are lipid-lipoprotein profile [total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-A1, apolipoprotein-B] and anthropometric indices.', 'From those participating in aerobic activities, 480 (31.7%) men and 502 (32.9%) women were classified as SA, 100 men (6.6%) and 93 women (6.1%) as HAA and 90 men (5.9%) and 49 women (3.2%) as HAC. After various adjustments were made, men from the HAC group had an average of 23% lower plasma triacylglycerol concentration (P = 0.04) and 10% lower LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.01) when compared with the HAA group. Moreover, women from the HAC group had 13% lower LDL-cholesterol when compared with HAA group (P = 0.051).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Resistance Training', 'Risk Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,108 | Does antibacterial therapy improve the effectiveness of prostate cancer detection using prostate-specific antigen in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"To improve prostate cancer (PC) detection accuracy among patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) above 4.0 ng/ml and asymptomatic prostate inflammation.",
"A total of 136 patients with PSA ranging from 4.0 to 50.0 ng/ml with asymptomatic prostatitis were included in the study cohort. All these patients underwent antibacterial therapy for 2 weeks followed by repeat PSA determination and transrectal ultrasound-guided needle prostate biopsy. The PSA, PSAD (PSA density), and f/t PSA (free/total PSA) before and after antibacterial therapy were compared using t-test. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) technique was used to evaluate the effectiveness of PSA, PSAD, f/t PSA, and their changes after antibacterial therapy (DeltaPSA, DeltaPSAD, and Deltaf/t PSA) on PC detection.",
"Among the 136 patients, 33 had PC and the other 103 histologically confirmed benign prostatic disease. After antibacterial therapy for 2 weeks, the PSA (mean +/- standard deviation) decreased from 14.0 +/- 7.8 ng/ml to 10.4 +/- 7.7 ng/ml (P < 0.01). The DeltaPSA, DeltaPSAD, and Deltaf/tPSA were -3.60 +/- 4.3 ng/ml, -0.1 +/- 0.1 ng/ml/ml, and -0.1 +/- 0.1 respectively. The areas under ROC curve were 0.29 for PSA, 0.64 for PSAD, and 0.50 for f/t PSA. The areas under ROC curve were 0.91 for DeltaPSA, 0.96 for DeltaPSAD, and 0.98 for Deltaf/t PSA. These values were increased significantly when compared with those for the PSA-related parameters before antibacterial therapy (P value, DeltaPSA, DeltaPSAD, and Deltaf/t PSA were <0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Prostatitis"
]
} | Using the changes in PSA-related parameters after antibacterial therapy DeltaPSA, DeltaPSAD, and Deltaf/t PSA improve the PC detection rate and decrease unnecessary prostate biopsies in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does antibacterial therapy improve the effectiveness of prostate cancer detection using prostate-specific antigen in patients with asymptomatic prostatitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To improve prostate cancer (PC) detection accuracy among patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) above 4.0 ng/ml and asymptomatic prostate inflammation.', 'A total of 136 patients with PSA ranging from 4.0 to 50.0 ng/ml with asymptomatic prostatitis were included in the study cohort. All these patients underwent antibacterial therapy for 2 weeks followed by repeat PSA determination and transrectal ultrasound-guided needle prostate biopsy. The PSA, PSAD (PSA density), and f/t PSA (free/total PSA) before and after antibacterial therapy were compared using t-test. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) technique was used to evaluate the effectiveness of PSA, PSAD, f/t PSA, and their changes after antibacterial therapy (DeltaPSA, DeltaPSAD, and Deltaf/t PSA) on PC detection.', 'Among the 136 patients, 33 had PC and the other 103 histologically confirmed benign prostatic disease. After antibacterial therapy for 2 weeks, the PSA (mean +/- standard deviation) decreased from 14.0 +/- 7.8 ng/ml to 10.4 +/- 7.7 ng/ml (P < 0.01). The DeltaPSA, DeltaPSAD, and Deltaf/tPSA were -3.60 +/- 4.3 ng/ml, -0.1 +/- 0.1 ng/ml/ml, and -0.1 +/- 0.1 respectively. The areas under ROC curve were 0.29 for PSA, 0.64 for PSAD, and 0.50 for f/t PSA. The areas under ROC curve were 0.91 for DeltaPSA, 0.96 for DeltaPSAD, and 0.98 for Deltaf/t PSA. These values were increased significantly when compared with those for the PSA-related parameters before antibacterial therapy (P value, DeltaPSA, DeltaPSAD, and Deltaf/t PSA were <0.01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Prostatitis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,489 | Does cilostazol protect endothelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis through ERK1/2- and P38 MAPK-dependent pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined the effects of cilostazol on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and its relationship with cilostazol-mediated protection against apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated endothelial cells.",
"Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to LPS and cilostazol with and without specific inhibitors of MAPKs; changes in MAPK activity in association with cell viability and apoptotic signaling were investigated.",
"Cilostazol protected HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and subsequent activation of caspases, stimulating extracellullar signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK signaling, and increasing phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and Bcl-2 expression, while suppressing Bax expression. These cilostazol-mediated cellular events were effectively blocked by MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK1/2) and p38 MAPK inhibitors."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Caspases",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Survival",
"Cilostazol",
"Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein",
"Cytochromes c",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Humans",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3",
"Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors",
"Phosphorylation",
"Protein Kinase Inhibitors",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2",
"Signal Transduction",
"Tetrazoles",
"Time Factors",
"bcl-2-Associated X Protein",
"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases"
]
} | Cilostazol protects HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling. Activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs, and subsequent stimulation of CREB phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression, may be responsible for the cellular signaling mechanism of cilostazol-mediated protection. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cilostazol protect endothelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis through ERK1/2- and P38 MAPK-dependent pathways?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We examined the effects of cilostazol on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and its relationship with cilostazol-mediated protection against apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated endothelial cells.', 'Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to LPS and cilostazol with and without specific inhibitors of MAPKs; changes in MAPK activity in association with cell viability and apoptotic signaling were investigated.', 'Cilostazol protected HUVECs against LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and subsequent activation of caspases, stimulating extracellullar signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 MAPK signaling, and increasing phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and Bcl-2 expression, while suppressing Bax expression. These cilostazol-mediated cellular events were effectively blocked by MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK1/2) and p38 MAPK inhibitors.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Caspases', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Survival', 'Cilostazol', 'Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein', 'Cytochromes c', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Signal Transduction', 'Tetrazoles', 'Time Factors', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,424 | Does protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 regulate calpain activity and the degradation of cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The peptidyl-proline isomerase, Protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 (PIN1), regulates turnover of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in murine aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) stimulated with E. coli endotoxin (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN). Degradation of iNOS was reduced by a calpain inhibitor, suggesting that PIN1 may affect induction of other calpain-sensitive inflammatory proteins, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, in MAEC.",
"MAEC, transduced with lentivirus encoding an inactive control short hairpin (sh) RNA or one targeting PIN1 that reduced PIN1 by 85%, were used. Cells were treated with LPS/IFN, calpain inhibitors (carbobenzoxy-valinyl-phenylalaninal (zVF), PD150606), cycloheximide and COX inhibitors to determine the effect of PIN1 depletion on COX-2 and calpain.",
"LPS or IFN alone did not induce COX-2. However, treatment with 10 mug LPS plus 20 ng IFN per ml induced COX-2 protein 10-fold in Control shRNA MAEC. Induction was significantly greater (47-fold) in PIN1 shRNA cells. COX-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 production increased 3-fold in KD MAEC, but did not increase in Control cells. The additional increase in COX-2 protein due to PIN1 depletion was post-transcriptional, as induction of COX-2 mRNA by LPS/IFN was the same in cells containing or lacking PIN1. Instead, the loss of COX-2 protein, after treatment with cycloheximide to block protein synthesis, was reduced in cells lacking PIN1 in comparison with Control cells, indicating that degradation of the enzyme was reduced. zVF and PD150606 each enhanced the induction of COX-2 by LPS/IFN. zVF also slowed the loss of COX-2 after treatment with cycloheximide, and COX-2 was degraded by exogenous mu-calpain in vitro. In contrast to iNOS, physical interaction between COX-2 and PIN1 was not detected, suggesting that effects of PIN1 on calpain, rather than COX-2 itself, affect COX-2 degradation. While cathepsin activity was unaltered, depletion of PIN1 reduced calpain activity by 55% in comparison with Control shRNA cells."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | PIN1 reduced calpain activity and slowed the degradation of COX-2 in MAEC, an effect recapitulated by an inhibitor of calpain. Given the sensitivity of COX-2 and iNOS to calpain, PIN1 may normally limit induction of these and other calpain substrates by maintaining calpain activity in endothelial cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 regulate calpain activity and the degradation of cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The peptidyl-proline isomerase, Protein Never in Mitosis Gene A Interacting-1 (PIN1), regulates turnover of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in murine aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) stimulated with E. coli endotoxin (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN). Degradation of iNOS was reduced by a calpain inhibitor, suggesting that PIN1 may affect induction of other calpain-sensitive inflammatory proteins, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, in MAEC.', 'MAEC, transduced with lentivirus encoding an inactive control short hairpin (sh) RNA or one targeting PIN1 that reduced PIN1 by 85%, were used. Cells were treated with LPS/IFN, calpain inhibitors (carbobenzoxy-valinyl-phenylalaninal (zVF), PD150606), cycloheximide and COX inhibitors to determine the effect of PIN1 depletion on COX-2 and calpain.', 'LPS or IFN alone did not induce COX-2. However, treatment with 10 mug LPS plus 20 ng IFN per ml induced COX-2 protein 10-fold in Control shRNA MAEC. Induction was significantly greater (47-fold) in PIN1 shRNA cells. COX-2-dependent prostaglandin E2 production increased 3-fold in KD MAEC, but did not increase in Control cells. The additional increase in COX-2 protein due to PIN1 depletion was post-transcriptional, as induction of COX-2 mRNA by LPS/IFN was the same in cells containing or lacking PIN1. Instead, the loss of COX-2 protein, after treatment with cycloheximide to block protein synthesis, was reduced in cells lacking PIN1 in comparison with Control cells, indicating that degradation of the enzyme was reduced. zVF and PD150606 each enhanced the induction of COX-2 by LPS/IFN. zVF also slowed the loss of COX-2 after treatment with cycloheximide, and COX-2 was degraded by exogenous mu-calpain in vitro. In contrast to iNOS, physical interaction between COX-2 and PIN1 was not detected, suggesting that effects of PIN1 on calpain, rather than COX-2 itself, affect COX-2 degradation. While cathepsin activity was unaltered, depletion of PIN1 reduced calpain activity by 55% in comparison with Control shRNA cells.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,526 | Do immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function? | {
"contexts": [
"The systemic injection of neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) provides remarkable amelioration of the clinico-pathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This is dependent on the capacity of transplanted NPCs to engage concurrent mechanisms of action within specific microenvironments in vivo. Among a wide range of therapeutic actions alternative to cell replacement, neuroprotective and immune modulatory capacities of transplanted NPCs have been described. However, lacking is a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which NPCs exert their therapeutic plasticity. This study was designed to identify the first candidate that exemplifies and sustains the immune modulatory capacity of transplanted NPCs.",
"To achieve the exclusive targeting of the peripheral immune system, SJL mice with PLP-induced EAE were injected subcutaneously with NPCs and the treatment commenced prior to disease onset. NPC-injected EAE mice showed significant clinical improvement, as compared to controls. Exogenous NPCs lacking the expression of major neural antigens were reliably (and for long-term) found at the level of draining lymph nodes, while establishing sophisticated anatomical interactions with lymph node cells. Importantly, injected NPCs were never found in organs other than lymph nodes, including the brain and the spinal cord. Draining lymph nodes from transplanted mice showed focal up-regulation of major developmental stem cell regulators, such as BMP-4, Noggin and Sonic hedgehog. In lymph nodes, injected NPCs hampered the activation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and steadily restrained the expansion of antigen-specific encephalitogenic T cells. Both ex vivo and in vitro experiments identified a novel highly NPC-specific-BMP-4-dependent-mechanism hindering the DC maturation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Autoimmunity",
"Bone Morphogenetic Proteins",
"Cell Transplantation",
"Central Nervous System",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental",
"Female",
"Immune System",
"Inflammation",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Mice",
"Microscopy, Electron",
"Neurons",
"Stem Cells"
]
} | The study described herein, identifies the first member of the TGF beta/BMP family of stem cell regulators as a novel tolerogenic factor released by NPCs. Full exploitation of this pathway as an efficient tool for vaccination therapy in autoimmune inflammatory conditions is underway. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do immune regulatory neural stem/precursor cells protect from central nervous system autoimmunity by restraining dendritic cell function?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The systemic injection of neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) provides remarkable amelioration of the clinico-pathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This is dependent on the capacity of transplanted NPCs to engage concurrent mechanisms of action within specific microenvironments in vivo. Among a wide range of therapeutic actions alternative to cell replacement, neuroprotective and immune modulatory capacities of transplanted NPCs have been described. However, lacking is a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which NPCs exert their therapeutic plasticity. This study was designed to identify the first candidate that exemplifies and sustains the immune modulatory capacity of transplanted NPCs.', 'To achieve the exclusive targeting of the peripheral immune system, SJL mice with PLP-induced EAE were injected subcutaneously with NPCs and the treatment commenced prior to disease onset. NPC-injected EAE mice showed significant clinical improvement, as compared to controls. Exogenous NPCs lacking the expression of major neural antigens were reliably (and for long-term) found at the level of draining lymph nodes, while establishing sophisticated anatomical interactions with lymph node cells. Importantly, injected NPCs were never found in organs other than lymph nodes, including the brain and the spinal cord. Draining lymph nodes from transplanted mice showed focal up-regulation of major developmental stem cell regulators, such as BMP-4, Noggin and Sonic hedgehog. In lymph nodes, injected NPCs hampered the activation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and steadily restrained the expansion of antigen-specific encephalitogenic T cells. Both ex vivo and in vitro experiments identified a novel highly NPC-specific-BMP-4-dependent-mechanism hindering the DC maturation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Autoimmunity', 'Bone Morphogenetic Proteins', 'Cell Transplantation', 'Central Nervous System', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Female', 'Immune System', 'Inflammation', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Mice', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Neurons', 'Stem Cells']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,668 | Does topical N-acetylcysteine reduce interleukin-1-alpha in tear fluid after laser subepithelial keratectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effect of topical N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1alpha) levels in tear fluid after myopic laser subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) and its possible role in modulating corneal wound healing.",
"Twenty-six eyes of 13 patients who underwent myopic LASEK were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=10 eyes) was used as a control group. All patients received topical lomefloxacin and dexamethasone postoperatively. Additionally, patients in Group 2 received topical NAC for 1 month postoperatively. Tear fluid samples were collected with microcapillary tubes preoperatively, on the first and on the fifth postoperative day, and the release of IL-1alpha in tear fluid was calculated. Haze grading and confocal microscopic examination were performed at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.",
"The mean IL-1-alpha release values were 0.285-/+0.159 pg/min in Group 1 and 0.235-/+0.142 pg/min in Group 2 preoperatively. In Group 1, the values were 0.243-/+0.155 pg/min on day 1 and 0.164-/+0.125 pg/min on day 5. In Group 2, the mean IL-1alpha release values were 0.220-/+0.200 pg/min on day 1 and 0.080-/+0.079 pg/min on day 5. The difference between the groups was significant only for day 5 (p<0.05). Mean corneal haze score and grey scale value in confocal microscopy were significantly higher (p<0.05) in Group 1 at 1 month. However, at 3 months there was no difference between groups (p>0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcysteine",
"Administration, Topical",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Eye Proteins",
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-1alpha",
"Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Myopia",
"Postoperative Period",
"Prospective Studies",
"Tears",
"Wound Healing",
"Young Adult"
]
} | NAC seems to have an additive effect to steroids in suppressing IL-1alpha levels in tear fluid and may be clinically advantageous in modulating corneal wound healing during the early postoperative period after LASEK. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does topical N-acetylcysteine reduce interleukin-1-alpha in tear fluid after laser subepithelial keratectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the effect of topical N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1alpha) levels in tear fluid after myopic laser subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) and its possible role in modulating corneal wound healing.', 'Twenty-six eyes of 13 patients who underwent myopic LASEK were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=10 eyes) was used as a control group. All patients received topical lomefloxacin and dexamethasone postoperatively. Additionally, patients in Group 2 received topical NAC for 1 month postoperatively. Tear fluid samples were collected with microcapillary tubes preoperatively, on the first and on the fifth postoperative day, and the release of IL-1alpha in tear fluid was calculated. Haze grading and confocal microscopic examination were performed at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.', 'The mean IL-1-alpha release values were 0.285-/+0.159 pg/min in Group 1 and 0.235-/+0.142 pg/min in Group 2 preoperatively. In Group 1, the values were 0.243-/+0.155 pg/min on day 1 and 0.164-/+0.125 pg/min on day 5. In Group 2, the mean IL-1alpha release values were 0.220-/+0.200 pg/min on day 1 and 0.080-/+0.079 pg/min on day 5. The difference between the groups was significant only for day 5 (p<0.05). Mean corneal haze score and grey scale value in confocal microscopy were significantly higher (p<0.05) in Group 1 at 1 month. However, at 3 months there was no difference between groups (p>0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcysteine', 'Administration, Topical', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Eye Proteins', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1alpha', 'Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Myopia', 'Postoperative Period', 'Prospective Studies', 'Tears', 'Wound Healing', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,074 | Does metabolic extract of Fusarium oxysporum induce histopathologic alterations and apoptosis in the skin of Wistar rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Most patients with Fusarium infection present with affection of the tegumentary system, with the presence of necrotic and/or inflammatory lesions associated with pain.",
"To evaluate the effect of the intradermal application of a metabolic extract of Fusarium oxysporum in the skin of Wistar rats.",
"The extract was obtained from fungal cultivation in Czapek-Dox medium. It was sterilized by filtration through a Millipore membrane, and injected (0.5 mg/mL) intradermally into the skin of rats, which were killed 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after inoculation. Skin specimens were placed in paraffin and stained using hematoxylin and eosin, and toluidine blue, for the evaluation of the inflammatory response, and Sirius red for the quantification of collagen. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) was used for the identification of apoptosis. Tissue reactions were graded and compared over time and compartment.",
"The inflammatory reaction reached a peak at 12 h for both the dermis and subcutaneous region, being graded as moderate and moderate to severe, respectively. There was an influx of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages. A significant increase in the number of mast cells, as well as the presence of hyperemic vessels and apoptotic bodies, was observed. There was TUNEL staining in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, muscles, and in the cells of the inflammatory infiltrate. There was a significant decrease in the area occupied by collagen after 12 h."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Collagen Type I",
"Collagen Type III",
"Dermis",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Fusarium",
"Humans",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Injections, Intradermal",
"Male",
"Mast Cells",
"Mycoses",
"Mycotoxins",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar"
]
} | The extract induced histopathologic alterations in the skin, probably as a result of the presence of active toxic metabolites. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does metabolic extract of Fusarium oxysporum induce histopathologic alterations and apoptosis in the skin of Wistar rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Most patients with Fusarium infection present with affection of the tegumentary system, with the presence of necrotic and/or inflammatory lesions associated with pain.', 'To evaluate the effect of the intradermal application of a metabolic extract of Fusarium oxysporum in the skin of Wistar rats.', 'The extract was obtained from fungal cultivation in Czapek-Dox medium. It was sterilized by filtration through a Millipore membrane, and injected (0.5 mg/mL) intradermally into the skin of rats, which were killed 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after inoculation. Skin specimens were placed in paraffin and stained using hematoxylin and eosin, and toluidine blue, for the evaluation of the inflammatory response, and Sirius red for the quantification of collagen. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) was used for the identification of apoptosis. Tissue reactions were graded and compared over time and compartment.', 'The inflammatory reaction reached a peak at 12 h for both the dermis and subcutaneous region, being graded as moderate and moderate to severe, respectively. There was an influx of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages. A significant increase in the number of mast cells, as well as the presence of hyperemic vessels and apoptotic bodies, was observed. There was TUNEL staining in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, muscles, and in the cells of the inflammatory infiltrate. There was a significant decrease in the area occupied by collagen after 12 h.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Collagen Type I', 'Collagen Type III', 'Dermis', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fusarium', 'Humans', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Injections, Intradermal', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Mycoses', 'Mycotoxins', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,732 | Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has recently become a novel therapy for patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the optimal time points for HSCT are still unknown.",
"By using multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice models, we performed syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (syn-BMT) in diabetic mice at various time points new-onset day 3 (n = 12); new-onset day 10 (n = 13); later-onset day 20 (n = 12); and day 40 (n = 7), respectively. At 120 days after syn-BMT, we examined pancreata histology, serum insulin, and CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs).",
"Our previous results showed that syn-BMT can overcome diabetes when performed on day 10, but not at day 40. Our new data showed BMT only attenuated diabetes when done on day 3 or day 20. Moreover, the percentage of Tregs in the spleen correlated with the attenuation of hyperglycemia."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Glucose",
"Bone Marrow Transplantation",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Insulin",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Pancreas",
"T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory",
"Transplantation, Autologous",
"Transplantation, Isogeneic"
]
} | These results indicated that syn-BMT should be performed, when diabetes is neither too new-onset nor too late-stage. Tregs represent one mechanism for syn-BMT-induced restoration of immune tolerance in STZ-diabetic mice. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is time point important for effects of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for type 1 diabetes in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has recently become a novel therapy for patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the optimal time points for HSCT are still unknown.', 'By using multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice models, we performed syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (syn-BMT) in diabetic mice at various time points new-onset day 3 (n = 12); new-onset day 10 (n = 13); later-onset day 20 (n = 12); and day 40 (n = 7), respectively. At 120 days after syn-BMT, we examined pancreata histology, serum insulin, and CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs).', 'Our previous results showed that syn-BMT can overcome diabetes when performed on day 10, but not at day 40. Our new data showed BMT only attenuated diabetes when done on day 3 or day 20. Moreover, the percentage of Tregs in the spleen correlated with the attenuation of hyperglycemia.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Bone Marrow Transplantation', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Pancreas', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Transplantation, Autologous', 'Transplantation, Isogeneic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,566,955 | Does tactile thermal oral stimulation increase the cortical representation of swallowing? | {
"contexts": [
"Dysphagia is a leading complication in stroke patients causing aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and increased mortality. Current strategies of swallowing therapy involve on the one hand modification of eating behaviour or swallowing technique and on the other hand facilitation of swallowing with the use of pharyngeal sensory stimulation. Thermal tactile oral stimulation (TTOS) is an established method to treat patients with neurogenic dysphagia especially if caused by sensory deficits. Little is known about the possible mechanisms by which this interventional therapy may work. We employed whole-head MEG to study changes in cortical activation during self-paced volitional swallowing in fifteen healthy subjects with and without TTOS. Data were analyzed by means of synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) and the group analysis of individual SAM data was performed using a permutation test.",
"Compared to the normal swallowing task a significantly increased bilateral cortical activation was seen after oropharyngeal stimulation. Analysis of the chronological changes during swallowing suggests facilitation of both the oral and the pharyngeal phase of deglutition."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Brain Mapping",
"Cerebral Cortex",
"Cold Temperature",
"Deglutition",
"Electromyography",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Oropharynx",
"Physical Stimulation"
]
} | In the present study functional cortical changes elicited by oral sensory stimulation could be demonstrated. We suggest that these results reflect short-term cortical plasticity of sensory swallowing areas. These findings facilitate our understanding of the role of cortical reorganization in dysphagia treatment and recovery. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does tactile thermal oral stimulation increase the cortical representation of swallowing?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dysphagia is a leading complication in stroke patients causing aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and increased mortality. Current strategies of swallowing therapy involve on the one hand modification of eating behaviour or swallowing technique and on the other hand facilitation of swallowing with the use of pharyngeal sensory stimulation. Thermal tactile oral stimulation (TTOS) is an established method to treat patients with neurogenic dysphagia especially if caused by sensory deficits. Little is known about the possible mechanisms by which this interventional therapy may work. We employed whole-head MEG to study changes in cortical activation during self-paced volitional swallowing in fifteen healthy subjects with and without TTOS. Data were analyzed by means of synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) and the group analysis of individual SAM data was performed using a permutation test.', 'Compared to the normal swallowing task a significantly increased bilateral cortical activation was seen after oropharyngeal stimulation. Analysis of the chronological changes during swallowing suggests facilitation of both the oral and the pharyngeal phase of deglutition.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cold Temperature', 'Deglutition', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oropharynx', 'Physical Stimulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,569,068 | Does upstream high-dose tirofiban reduce myocardial infarct size in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention : a magnetic resonance imaging pilot study? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is more effective than fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but initial treatment delay to intervention is the main limitation of this strategy.",
"Upstream use of high-dose tirofiban could reduce myocardial infarct size, using analysis of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI).",
"Patients with STEMI within 12 hours after symptom onset were randomized to a facilitated PCI group (n = 19) or to a primary PCI group (n = 20). The primary endpoint was myocardial infarct size evaluated by the volume of delayed hyperenhancement on CE-MRI at 1 month after index procedure.",
"The baseline clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Although the incidence of pre-PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade 2 to 3 was significantly higher in the facilitated PCI group than in the primary PCI group (47.4% vs 15.0%, P = 0.03), the achievement of myocardial blush grade 2 to 3 or ST-segment resolution at 30 minutes after procedure was not significantly different between the facilitated PCI and the primary PCI group (36.8% vs 40%, P = 0.84 and 31.6% vs 20%, P = 0.41, respectively). Infarct size on CE-MRI was similar in the facilitated PCI group and the conventional primary PCI group (22.1% +/- 11.7% vs 25.2% +/- 13.2%, P = 0.44). At 6 months, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on echocardiography was 52.6% +/- 10.4% in the facilitated PCI group and 50.9% +/- 9.8% in the primary PCI group (P = 0.68)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary",
"Contrast Media",
"Coronary Angiography",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Echocardiography",
"Female",
"Gadolinium DTPA",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardium",
"Pilot Projects",
"Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Stents",
"Stroke Volume",
"Time Factors",
"Tirofiban",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Tyrosine",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | Despite the improvement of initial TIMI flow grade, the upstream use of high-dose tirofiban did not reduce myocardial infarct size measured by CE-MRI. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does upstream high-dose tirofiban reduce myocardial infarct size in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention : a magnetic resonance imaging pilot study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is more effective than fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but initial treatment delay to intervention is the main limitation of this strategy.', 'Upstream use of high-dose tirofiban could reduce myocardial infarct size, using analysis of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI).', 'Patients with STEMI within 12 hours after symptom onset were randomized to a facilitated PCI group (n = 19) or to a primary PCI group (n = 20). The primary endpoint was myocardial infarct size evaluated by the volume of delayed hyperenhancement on CE-MRI at 1 month after index procedure.', 'The baseline clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Although the incidence of pre-PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade 2 to 3 was significantly higher in the facilitated PCI group than in the primary PCI group (47.4% vs 15.0%, P = 0.03), the achievement of myocardial blush grade 2 to 3 or ST-segment resolution at 30 minutes after procedure was not significantly different between the facilitated PCI and the primary PCI group (36.8% vs 40%, P = 0.84 and 31.6% vs 20%, P = 0.41, respectively). Infarct size on CE-MRI was similar in the facilitated PCI group and the conventional primary PCI group (22.1% +/- 11.7% vs 25.2% +/- 13.2%, P = 0.44). At 6 months, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on echocardiography was 52.6% +/- 10.4% in the facilitated PCI group and 50.9% +/- 9.8% in the primary PCI group (P = 0.68).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary', 'Contrast Media', 'Coronary Angiography', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Echocardiography', 'Female', 'Gadolinium DTPA', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardium', 'Pilot Projects', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Stents', 'Stroke Volume', 'Time Factors', 'Tirofiban', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tyrosine', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,540,673 | Do the use of theraputic plasma exchange ( TPE ) in the setting of refractory burn shock? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examines the physiologic effects of theraputic plasma exchange (TPE) in the setting of refractory burn shock and attempts to identify variables that correlate with the eventual need for TPE.",
"A retrospective analysis was conducted of 40 patients over 24 months with >20% TBSA burns who experienced complicated resuscitations. TPE was utilized in 21 patients when the patients' total resuscitation volumes exceeded 1.2 times the amount predicted by the modified Baxter formula (3 cm(3) LR/kg/%TBSA). Nineteen matched, contemporaneous patients served as controls. Demographic, injury severity, and acute clinical variables were abstracted for comparison between the two groups. Additionally, the TPE group was analyzed for blood lactate levels, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and urine output (UOP) before and after TPE. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used for comparisons, where appropriate.",
"In response to TPE, MAP increased by 24% (p<0.0001), UOP increased by >400% (p=<0.0001), IVF rates were reduced by 25% (p=0.01), and lactate levels decreased by almost 50% (p=0.0006). On univariate analysis, admission lactate (p=0.0006) and %TBSA (p=0.01) were found to be significantly increased in the TPE group compared to controls, while there was no difference in age, gender, weight, admission HCT, incidence of acute renal failure, or mortality between the groups. However, on multivariate logistic regression analysis, only elevated admission lactate was independently associated with the eventual need for TPE (OR 2.23, 95% CI=1.30-3.84, p=0.004)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Pressure",
"Burns",
"Female",
"Fluid Therapy",
"Humans",
"Lactic Acid",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Plasma Exchange",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Salvage Therapy",
"Shock",
"Urine",
"Young Adult"
]
} | This is the largest study to date examining TPE as an adjunct in burn resuscitation and suggests that TPE may be effective as a salvage intervention for refractory burn shock. Physiologic parameters clearly improved after the use of TPE without any detected adverse consequences. Also, admission lactate may be a useful indicator to determine who will fail standard burn resuscitation and require TPE. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do the use of theraputic plasma exchange ( TPE ) in the setting of refractory burn shock?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study examines the physiologic effects of theraputic plasma exchange (TPE) in the setting of refractory burn shock and attempts to identify variables that correlate with the eventual need for TPE.', \"A retrospective analysis was conducted of 40 patients over 24 months with >20% TBSA burns who experienced complicated resuscitations. TPE was utilized in 21 patients when the patients' total resuscitation volumes exceeded 1.2 times the amount predicted by the modified Baxter formula (3 cm(3) LR/kg/%TBSA). Nineteen matched, contemporaneous patients served as controls. Demographic, injury severity, and acute clinical variables were abstracted for comparison between the two groups. Additionally, the TPE group was analyzed for blood lactate levels, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and urine output (UOP) before and after TPE. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used for comparisons, where appropriate.\", 'In response to TPE, MAP increased by 24% (p<0.0001), UOP increased by >400% (p=<0.0001), IVF rates were reduced by 25% (p=0.01), and lactate levels decreased by almost 50% (p=0.0006). On univariate analysis, admission lactate (p=0.0006) and %TBSA (p=0.01) were found to be significantly increased in the TPE group compared to controls, while there was no difference in age, gender, weight, admission HCT, incidence of acute renal failure, or mortality between the groups. However, on multivariate logistic regression analysis, only elevated admission lactate was independently associated with the eventual need for TPE (OR 2.23, 95% CI=1.30-3.84, p=0.004).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Pressure', 'Burns', 'Female', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plasma Exchange', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Salvage Therapy', 'Shock', 'Urine', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,333 | Does low-dose vasopressin infusion result in increased mortality and cardiac dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Arginine vasopressin is a vasoactive drug commonly used in distributive shock states including mixed shock with a cardiac component. However, the direct effect of arginine vasopressin on the function of the ischemia/reperfusion injured heart has not been clearly elucidated.",
"We measured left ventricular ejection fraction using trans-thoracic echocardiography in C57B6 mice, both in normal controls and following ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by a one hour ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Mice were treated with one of normal saline, dobutamine (8.33 microg/kg/min), or arginine vasopressin (0.00057 Units/kg/min, equivalent to 0.04 Units/min in a 70 kg human) delivered by an intraperitoneal micro-osmotic pump. Arterial blood pressure was measured using a micromanometer catheter. In addition, mortality was recorded and cardiac tissues processed for RNA and protein.",
"Baseline left ventricular ejection fraction was 65.6% (60 to 72). In normal control mice, there was no difference in left ventricular ejection fraction according to infusion group. Following ischemia/reperfusion injury, AVP treatment significantly reduced day 1 left ventricular ejection fraction 46.2% (34.4 to 52.0), both in comparison with baseline and day 1 saline treated controls 56.9% (42.4 to 60.2). There were no significant differences in preload (left ventricular end diastolic volume), afterload (blood pressure) or heart rate to account for the effect of AVP on left ventricular ejection fraction. The seven-day mortality rate was highest in the arginine vasopressin group. Following ischemia/reperfusion injury, we found no change in cardiac V1 Receptor expression but a 40% decrease in Oxytocin Receptor expression."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Arginine Vasopressin",
"Cardiotonic Agents",
"Dobutamine",
"Heart Failure",
"Infusions, Intravenous",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Myocardial Reperfusion Injury",
"Shock",
"Stroke Volume",
"Survival Analysis",
"Vasoconstrictor Agents",
"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left"
]
} | Arginine vasopressin infusion significantly depressed the myocardial function in an ischemia/reperfusion model and increased mortality in comparison with both saline and dobutamine treated animals. The use of vasopressin may be contraindicated in non-vasodilatory shock states associated with significant cardiac injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does low-dose vasopressin infusion result in increased mortality and cardiac dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Arginine vasopressin is a vasoactive drug commonly used in distributive shock states including mixed shock with a cardiac component. However, the direct effect of arginine vasopressin on the function of the ischemia/reperfusion injured heart has not been clearly elucidated.', 'We measured left ventricular ejection fraction using trans-thoracic echocardiography in C57B6 mice, both in normal controls and following ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by a one hour ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Mice were treated with one of normal saline, dobutamine (8.33 microg/kg/min), or arginine vasopressin (0.00057 Units/kg/min, equivalent to 0.04 Units/min in a 70 kg human) delivered by an intraperitoneal micro-osmotic pump. Arterial blood pressure was measured using a micromanometer catheter. In addition, mortality was recorded and cardiac tissues processed for RNA and protein.', 'Baseline left ventricular ejection fraction was 65.6% (60 to 72). In normal control mice, there was no difference in left ventricular ejection fraction according to infusion group. Following ischemia/reperfusion injury, AVP treatment significantly reduced day 1 left ventricular ejection fraction 46.2% (34.4 to 52.0), both in comparison with baseline and day 1 saline treated controls 56.9% (42.4 to 60.2). There were no significant differences in preload (left ventricular end diastolic volume), afterload (blood pressure) or heart rate to account for the effect of AVP on left ventricular ejection fraction. The seven-day mortality rate was highest in the arginine vasopressin group. Following ischemia/reperfusion injury, we found no change in cardiac V1 Receptor expression but a 40% decrease in Oxytocin Receptor expression.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Arginine Vasopressin', 'Cardiotonic Agents', 'Dobutamine', 'Heart Failure', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Myocardial Reperfusion Injury', 'Shock', 'Stroke Volume', 'Survival Analysis', 'Vasoconstrictor Agents', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,930 | Are p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions two important indices for prognosis in gastric carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined the correlation between P53 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression together with tumour vascularity and investigated their clinical significance in the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.",
"Ninety-five patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent curative surgical resection were studied using immunohistochemical staining. Correlation between the expression of p53, VEGF microvessel count (MVC) and various clinicopathologic factors were studied.",
"No significant correlation was found between p53 expression and clinicopathologic factors. The rate of VEGF positivity was significantly higher in patients with haematogenous metastasis than in those without haematogenous metastasis. Both p53 and VEGF expression were associated with MVC. The MVC in p53 positive tumours was significantly higher than that in p53 negative tumours. Similarly, the same trend was seen between VEGF expression and MVC. The p53 and VEGF were co-expressed in 61 of 95 tumours (64.2%), and a significant (p < 0.01) association between p53 and VEGF expressions was demonstrated. The rate of VEGF positivity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the patients with disease recurrence than in those without recurrence, whereas no significant correlation was found between disease recurrence and the expression of p53."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Microvessels",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Prognosis",
"Stomach Neoplasms",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | The p53 expression may play an important role in controlling angiogenesis by regulating VEGF expression and VEGF expression is associated closely with disease recurrence. In addition, both p53 and VEGF expression might be useful in indicating the prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions two important indices for prognosis in gastric carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study examined the correlation between P53 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression together with tumour vascularity and investigated their clinical significance in the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.', 'Ninety-five patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent curative surgical resection were studied using immunohistochemical staining. Correlation between the expression of p53, VEGF microvessel count (MVC) and various clinicopathologic factors were studied.', 'No significant correlation was found between p53 expression and clinicopathologic factors. The rate of VEGF positivity was significantly higher in patients with haematogenous metastasis than in those without haematogenous metastasis. Both p53 and VEGF expression were associated with MVC. The MVC in p53 positive tumours was significantly higher than that in p53 negative tumours. Similarly, the same trend was seen between VEGF expression and MVC. The p53 and VEGF were co-expressed in 61 of 95 tumours (64.2%), and a significant (p < 0.01) association between p53 and VEGF expressions was demonstrated. The rate of VEGF positivity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in the patients with disease recurrence than in those without recurrence, whereas no significant correlation was found between disease recurrence and the expression of p53.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Microvessels', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Prognosis', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,127 | Are hypoalbuminaemia and impaired renal function associated with increased anticholinergic drug prescribing? | {
"contexts": [
"A higher anticholinergic risk score (ARS) is associated with an increased risk of anticholinergic adverse effects in elderly patients. It is unknown whether factors other than the use of anticholinergic drugs determine the ARS.",
"A comprehensive medical record review was conducted in 155 consecutive hospitalised patients (median age 79.0 years, interquartile range 66.0-86.0). Information was collected on: demographics; clinical characteristics (including medications and their doses); history of anticholinergic-induced adverse effects; and biochemical markers of hepatic and renal function (serum albumin concentrations and estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR). The ARS was calculated for each patient using a standard scoring approach and Poisson regression was used for identifying variables associated with the ARS.",
"Patients with an ARS >or= 3 had a lower eGFR (p = 0.012) and were receiving more non-anticholinergic drugs (p < 0.001) than patients with an ARS < 3. In addition to being prescribed more anticholinergic drugs, patients with ARS >or= 3 were prescribed high doses of these drugs more often than patients with ARS < 3 (41.3% vs. 26.9%, p = 0.034). A higher number of non-anticholinergic drugs (p < 0.001), a lower serum albumin concentration (p = 0.014), and a lower eGFR (p = 0.012) were independently associated with a higher ARS."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Kidney Injury",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cholinergic Antagonists",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypoalbuminemia",
"Male",
"Regression Analysis",
"Risk Assessment"
]
} | Polypharmacy, hypoalbuminaemia and low eGFR are independently associated with the ARS. Patients with a higher ARS are also prescribed higher doses of anticholinergic medications than those with lower ARS. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are hypoalbuminaemia and impaired renal function associated with increased anticholinergic drug prescribing?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A higher anticholinergic risk score (ARS) is associated with an increased risk of anticholinergic adverse effects in elderly patients. It is unknown whether factors other than the use of anticholinergic drugs determine the ARS.', 'A comprehensive medical record review was conducted in 155 consecutive hospitalised patients (median age 79.0 years, interquartile range 66.0-86.0). Information was collected on: demographics; clinical characteristics (including medications and their doses); history of anticholinergic-induced adverse effects; and biochemical markers of hepatic and renal function (serum albumin concentrations and estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR). The ARS was calculated for each patient using a standard scoring approach and Poisson regression was used for identifying variables associated with the ARS.', 'Patients with an ARS >or= 3 had a lower eGFR (p = 0.012) and were receiving more non-anticholinergic drugs (p < 0.001) than patients with an ARS < 3. In addition to being prescribed more anticholinergic drugs, patients with ARS >or= 3 were prescribed high doses of these drugs more often than patients with ARS < 3 (41.3% vs. 26.9%, p = 0.034). A higher number of non-anticholinergic drugs (p < 0.001), a lower serum albumin concentration (p = 0.014), and a lower eGFR (p = 0.012) were independently associated with a higher ARS.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cholinergic Antagonists', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypoalbuminemia', 'Male', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Assessment']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,117 | Does compression regulate mitotic spindle length by a mechanochemical switch at the poles? | {
"contexts": [
"Although the molecules involved in mitosis are becoming better characterized, we still lack an understanding of the emergent mechanical properties of the mitotic spindle. For example, we cannot explain how spindle length is determined. To gain insight into how forces are generated and responded to in the spindle, we developed a method to apply controlled mechanical compression to metaphase mitotic spindles in living mammalian cells while monitoring microtubules and kinetochores by fluorescence microscopy.",
"Compression caused reversible spindle widening and lengthening to a new steady state. Widening was a passive mechanical response, and lengthening was an active mechanochemical process requiring microtubule polymerization but not kinesin-5 activity. Spindle morphology during lengthening and drug perturbations suggested that kinetochore fibers are pushed outward by pole-directed forces generated within the spindle. Lengthening of kinetochore fibers occurred by inhibition of microtubule depolymerization at poles, with no change in sliding velocity, interkinetochore stretching, or kinetochore dynamics."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Division",
"Centrosome",
"Kinetochores",
"Mechanotransduction, Cellular",
"Microtubules",
"Potoroidae",
"Recombinant Fusion Proteins",
"Spindle Apparatus",
"Stress, Mechanical",
"Tubulin"
]
} | We propose that spindle length is controlled by a mechanochemical switch at the poles that regulates the depolymerization rate of kinetochore fibers in response to compression and discuss models for how this switch is controlled. Poleward force appears to be exerted along kinetochore fibers by some mechanism other than kinesin-5 activity, and we speculate that it may arise from polymerization pressure from growing plus ends of interpolar microtubules whose minus ends are anchored in the fiber. These insights provide a framework for conceptualizing mechanical integration within the spindle. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does compression regulate mitotic spindle length by a mechanochemical switch at the poles?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although the molecules involved in mitosis are becoming better characterized, we still lack an understanding of the emergent mechanical properties of the mitotic spindle. For example, we cannot explain how spindle length is determined. To gain insight into how forces are generated and responded to in the spindle, we developed a method to apply controlled mechanical compression to metaphase mitotic spindles in living mammalian cells while monitoring microtubules and kinetochores by fluorescence microscopy.', 'Compression caused reversible spindle widening and lengthening to a new steady state. Widening was a passive mechanical response, and lengthening was an active mechanochemical process requiring microtubule polymerization but not kinesin-5 activity. Spindle morphology during lengthening and drug perturbations suggested that kinetochore fibers are pushed outward by pole-directed forces generated within the spindle. Lengthening of kinetochore fibers occurred by inhibition of microtubule depolymerization at poles, with no change in sliding velocity, interkinetochore stretching, or kinetochore dynamics.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Centrosome', 'Kinetochores', 'Mechanotransduction, Cellular', 'Microtubules', 'Potoroidae', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Spindle Apparatus', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Tubulin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,391 | Are fitness and abdominal obesity independently associated with cardiovascular risk? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the relationship between cardiovascular fitness (VO(2)max) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference) and individual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, as well as a clustered risk factor profile, and to study the impact of gender, age and smoking on these relationships.",
"Cross-sectional.",
"Astrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.",
"Men (n = 781) and women (n = 890) from two random population-based samples of Swedish women and men aged 20 to 65 years.",
"Odds ratios.",
"Each unit of higher fitness was associated with a decrease in all individual risk factors ranging from 2% to 4% independent of waist circumference, each unit of higher waist circumference was associated with an increased risk ranging from 2% to 5% independent of fitness. For clustering of three or more of the risk factors, each unit of fitness was associated with a 5% decrease in risk and each unit of waist circumference with a 5% increase in risk. The clustered risk was higher in unfit participants who were older or smoked daily, regardless of waist circumference. Obese participants were at higher risk if they were men or older, regardless of fitness level. However, neither a higher fitness level nor lean status reduced the risk associated with smoking."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Cluster Analysis",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity, Abdominal",
"Odds Ratio",
"Physical Fitness",
"Risk Factors",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Sweden",
"Waist Circumference"
]
} | Higher fitness and lower waist circumference are each independently associated to a similar extent with a lower CVD risk. Simultaneous evaluation of both fitness and abdominal obesity status in clinical practice is important. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are fitness and abdominal obesity independently associated with cardiovascular risk?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the relationship between cardiovascular fitness (VO(2)max) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference) and individual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, as well as a clustered risk factor profile, and to study the impact of gender, age and smoking on these relationships.', 'Cross-sectional.', 'Astrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.', 'Men (n = 781) and women (n = 890) from two random population-based samples of Swedish women and men aged 20 to 65 years.', 'Odds ratios.', 'Each unit of higher fitness was associated with a decrease in all individual risk factors ranging from 2% to 4% independent of waist circumference, each unit of higher waist circumference was associated with an increased risk ranging from 2% to 5% independent of fitness. For clustering of three or more of the risk factors, each unit of fitness was associated with a 5% decrease in risk and each unit of waist circumference with a 5% increase in risk. The clustered risk was higher in unfit participants who were older or smoked daily, regardless of waist circumference. Obese participants were at higher risk if they were men or older, regardless of fitness level. However, neither a higher fitness level nor lean status reduced the risk associated with smoking.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cluster Analysis', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity, Abdominal', 'Odds Ratio', 'Physical Fitness', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Sweden', 'Waist Circumference']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,558 | Do pancreatic cancer patients who smoke and drink are diagnosed at younger ages? | {
"contexts": [
"Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but there is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of alcohol consumption. The effects of cigarettes and alcohol on age of sporadic pancreatic cancer diagnosis have not been examined; we evaluated the independent and synergistic effects of lifetime cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on age at pancreatic cancer diagnosis in the United States.",
"We analyzed data on cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption from the IMPAC Services, Inc Cancer Information Resource File (CIRF), collected from June 1, 1993, to December 31, 2003, for 29,239 reported, histologically confirmed cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We also analyzed data on cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption for 820 histologically confirmed cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma from the University of Michigan Pancreatic Cancer Registry (UMPCR), collected from January 2004 to October 2007.",
"Current cigarette smokers were diagnosed at significantly younger ages than never smokers, according to data from the CIRF and UMPCR (8.3 and 6.3 y, respectively); the UMPCR data indicated dose effects. Past and current alcohol consumption were associated with younger age at diagnosis in both databases. Current smokers who were current drinkers were diagnosed significantly earlier (CIRF, 10.2 y; UMPCR, 8.6 y) than abstainers. Past cigarette smoking was associated modestly with younger diagnosis age."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Age Factors",
"Age of Onset",
"Aged",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Risk Factors",
"Sex Factors",
"Smoking",
"Smoking Cessation",
"United States"
]
} | Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with younger age at pancreatic cancer presentation and have a combined effect on diagnosis age. Past cigarette smoking is less influential. Smoking cessation programs could help prevent pancreatic cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do pancreatic cancer patients who smoke and drink are diagnosed at younger ages?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but there is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of alcohol consumption. The effects of cigarettes and alcohol on age of sporadic pancreatic cancer diagnosis have not been examined; we evaluated the independent and synergistic effects of lifetime cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption on age at pancreatic cancer diagnosis in the United States.', 'We analyzed data on cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption from the IMPAC Services, Inc Cancer Information Resource File (CIRF), collected from June 1, 1993, to December 31, 2003, for 29,239 reported, histologically confirmed cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We also analyzed data on cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption for 820 histologically confirmed cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma from the University of Michigan Pancreatic Cancer Registry (UMPCR), collected from January 2004 to October 2007.', 'Current cigarette smokers were diagnosed at significantly younger ages than never smokers, according to data from the CIRF and UMPCR (8.3 and 6.3 y, respectively); the UMPCR data indicated dose effects. Past and current alcohol consumption were associated with younger age at diagnosis in both databases. Current smokers who were current drinkers were diagnosed significantly earlier (CIRF, 10.2 y; UMPCR, 8.6 y) than abstainers. Past cigarette smoking was associated modestly with younger diagnosis age.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Age Factors', 'Age of Onset', 'Aged', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Smoking', 'Smoking Cessation', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,561,023 | Is growth-differentiation factor-15 an independent marker of cardiovascular dysfunction and disease in the elderly : results from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors ( PIVUS ) Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is emerging as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease. Little is known about the pathophysiological basis for the close association of GDF-15 to future CV events. We hypothesized that GDF-15 is related to underlying CV pathologies.",
"To relate the levels of GDF-15 to indices of CV dysfunction and disease in elderly individuals, serum levels of GDF-15 were measured in 1004 subjects aged 70 years from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque burden, and left ventricular (LV) geometry and function were assessed by ultrasound. Endothelial function was evaluated in forearm resistance vessels and in the brachial artery by venous occlusion plethysmography and ultrasound imaging, respectively. Elevated levels of GDF-15 were related to several CV risk factors (male gender, current smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, diabetes, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol). After adjustment for CV risk factors, increased levels of GDF-15 were associated with reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in resistance vessels, plaque burden, LV mass and concentric LV hypertrophy, reduced LV ejection fraction, and clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease and heart failure."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Biomarkers",
"Brachial Artery",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Carotid Artery, Common",
"Echocardiography",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Forearm",
"Growth Differentiation Factor 15",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Stroke Volume",
"Tunica Media",
"Ventricular Dysfunction, Left"
]
} | GDF-15 carries information on CV dysfunction and disease that is not captured by traditional CV risk factors in elderly individuals. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is growth-differentiation factor-15 an independent marker of cardiovascular dysfunction and disease in the elderly : results from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors ( PIVUS ) Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is emerging as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease. Little is known about the pathophysiological basis for the close association of GDF-15 to future CV events. We hypothesized that GDF-15 is related to underlying CV pathologies.', 'To relate the levels of GDF-15 to indices of CV dysfunction and disease in elderly individuals, serum levels of GDF-15 were measured in 1004 subjects aged 70 years from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque burden, and left ventricular (LV) geometry and function were assessed by ultrasound. Endothelial function was evaluated in forearm resistance vessels and in the brachial artery by venous occlusion plethysmography and ultrasound imaging, respectively. Elevated levels of GDF-15 were related to several CV risk factors (male gender, current smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, diabetes, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol). After adjustment for CV risk factors, increased levels of GDF-15 were associated with reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in resistance vessels, plaque burden, LV mass and concentric LV hypertrophy, reduced LV ejection fraction, and clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease and heart failure.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Brachial Artery', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Carotid Artery, Common', 'Echocardiography', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Forearm', 'Growth Differentiation Factor 15', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke Volume', 'Tunica Media', 'Ventricular Dysfunction, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,023 | Do the biceps tendon as a measure of rotational deformity in residual brachial plexus birth palsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Children with residual brachial plexus birth palsy often develop internal rotation contractures with subsequent glenohumeral dysplasia seen on axial imaging. Coronal deformity (characterized by humeral head subluxation), and angular deformity (characterized by glenoid retroversion) have been defined. We hypothesize that the location of the biceps tendon characterizes rotational deformity.",
"A retrospective study was performed on 91 children (average age 3.2+/-2.2 y) who lacked external rotation beyond neutral and had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of bilateral shoulders performed at our institution between 2000 and 2007. The charts were reviewed for the measurement of the external rotation of the involved shoulder with the arm adducted and the scapula stabilized. The glenoscapular angle (glenoid version), the percentage of the humeral head anterior to the middle of the glenoid fossa (PHHA), and the angle of rotation of the biceps tendon (biceps angle) were measured on MRI scans of both shoulders. Statistical analysis was performed to compare these MRI measurements for the involved and uninvolved sides, and to identify the correlations between them and the external rotation.",
"The average biceps angle was 47.9+/-15.2 degrees on the uninvolved side and 26.2+/-15.0 degrees on the involved side. The average differences between the 2 shoulders in the biceps angle (21.7+/-20.5 degrees), the version (18.9+/-15.0 degrees), and the PHHA (19.8+/-13.6%) were all significant (P<0.001). Only the biceps angle correlated significantly with external rotation (P<0.001). This correlation remained significant even when the version and the PHHA were held constant (P=0.004)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Birth Injuries",
"Brachial Plexus Neuropathies",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Child, Preschool",
"Contracture",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Joint Deformities, Acquired",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Rotation",
"Shoulder Joint",
"Tendons"
]
} | The biceps angle is a measure of rotational deformity in patients with residual brachial plexus birth palsy, and correlates better with external rotation than either the glenoid version or the PHHA. The biceps angle may be a useful measure of rotational glenohumeral deformity before and after surgery. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do the biceps tendon as a measure of rotational deformity in residual brachial plexus birth palsy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Children with residual brachial plexus birth palsy often develop internal rotation contractures with subsequent glenohumeral dysplasia seen on axial imaging. Coronal deformity (characterized by humeral head subluxation), and angular deformity (characterized by glenoid retroversion) have been defined. We hypothesize that the location of the biceps tendon characterizes rotational deformity.', 'A retrospective study was performed on 91 children (average age 3.2+/-2.2 y) who lacked external rotation beyond neutral and had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of bilateral shoulders performed at our institution between 2000 and 2007. The charts were reviewed for the measurement of the external rotation of the involved shoulder with the arm adducted and the scapula stabilized. The glenoscapular angle (glenoid version), the percentage of the humeral head anterior to the middle of the glenoid fossa (PHHA), and the angle of rotation of the biceps tendon (biceps angle) were measured on MRI scans of both shoulders. Statistical analysis was performed to compare these MRI measurements for the involved and uninvolved sides, and to identify the correlations between them and the external rotation.', 'The average biceps angle was 47.9+/-15.2 degrees on the uninvolved side and 26.2+/-15.0 degrees on the involved side. The average differences between the 2 shoulders in the biceps angle (21.7+/-20.5 degrees), the version (18.9+/-15.0 degrees), and the PHHA (19.8+/-13.6%) were all significant (P<0.001). Only the biceps angle correlated significantly with external rotation (P<0.001). This correlation remained significant even when the version and the PHHA were held constant (P=0.004).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Birth Injuries', 'Brachial Plexus Neuropathies', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Child, Preschool', 'Contracture', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Joint Deformities, Acquired', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Rotation', 'Shoulder Joint', 'Tendons']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,541,679 | Does addition of clonidine or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine prolong caudal analgesia in children? | {
"contexts": [
"Caudal block is a common technique for paediatric analgesia but with the disadvantage of short duration of action after single injection. Caudal dexmedetomidine and clonidine could offer significant analgesic benefits. We compared the analgesic effects and side-effects of dexmedetomidine and clonidine added to bupivacaine in paediatric patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries.",
"Sixty patients (6 months to 6 yr) were evenly and randomly assigned into three groups in a double-blinded manner. After sevoflurane in oxygen anaesthesia, each patient received a single caudal dose of bupivacaine 0.25% (1 ml kg(-1)) combined with either dexmedetomidine 2 microg kg(-1) in normal saline 1 ml, clonidine 2 microg kg(-1) in normal saline 1 ml, or corresponding volume of normal saline according to group assignment. Haemodynamic variables, end-tidal sevoflurane, and emergence time were monitored. Postoperative analgesia, use of analgesics, and side-effects were assessed during the first 24 h.",
"Addition of dexmedetomidine or clonidine to caudal bupivacaine significantly promoted analgesia time [median (95% confidence interval, CI): 16 (14-18) and 12 (3-21) h, respectively] than the use of bupivacaine alone [median (95% CI): 5 (4-6) h] with P<0.001. However, there was no statistically significant difference between dexmedetomidine and clonidine as regards the analgesia time (P=0.796). No significant difference was observed in incidence of haemodynamic changes or side-effects."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdomen",
"Analgesia, Epidural",
"Analgesics, Non-Narcotic",
"Anesthesia, Inhalation",
"Anesthetics, Local",
"Bupivacaine",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Clonidine",
"Dexmedetomidine",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Drug Administration Schedule",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Male",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pain, Postoperative"
]
} | Addition of dexmedetomidine or clonidine to caudal bupivacaine significantly promoted analgesia in children undergoing lower abdominal surgeries with no significant advantage of dexmedetomidine over clonidine and without an increase in incidence of side-effects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does addition of clonidine or dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine prolong caudal analgesia in children?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Caudal block is a common technique for paediatric analgesia but with the disadvantage of short duration of action after single injection. Caudal dexmedetomidine and clonidine could offer significant analgesic benefits. We compared the analgesic effects and side-effects of dexmedetomidine and clonidine added to bupivacaine in paediatric patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries.', 'Sixty patients (6 months to 6 yr) were evenly and randomly assigned into three groups in a double-blinded manner. After sevoflurane in oxygen anaesthesia, each patient received a single caudal dose of bupivacaine 0.25% (1 ml kg(-1)) combined with either dexmedetomidine 2 microg kg(-1) in normal saline 1 ml, clonidine 2 microg kg(-1) in normal saline 1 ml, or corresponding volume of normal saline according to group assignment. Haemodynamic variables, end-tidal sevoflurane, and emergence time were monitored. Postoperative analgesia, use of analgesics, and side-effects were assessed during the first 24 h.', 'Addition of dexmedetomidine or clonidine to caudal bupivacaine significantly promoted analgesia time [median (95% confidence interval, CI): 16 (14-18) and 12 (3-21) h, respectively] than the use of bupivacaine alone [median (95% CI): 5 (4-6) h] with P<0.001. However, there was no statistically significant difference between dexmedetomidine and clonidine as regards the analgesia time (P=0.796). No significant difference was observed in incidence of haemodynamic changes or side-effects.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abdomen', 'Analgesia, Epidural', 'Analgesics, Non-Narcotic', 'Anesthesia, Inhalation', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Bupivacaine', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Clonidine', 'Dexmedetomidine', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,227 | Do keratometric alterations following the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy versus the conventional pars plana vitrectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the alterations in keratometric astigmatism following the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy versus the conventional pars plana vitrectomy.",
"Sixteen consecutive patients were enrolled into the study. Conventional vitrectomy was applied to eight of the cases and 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy was performed in eight patients. Keratometry was performed before and after the surgery.",
"In the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy group, statistically significant changes were not observed in the corneal curvature in any post-operative follow-up measurement (p > 0.05); whereas in the conventional pars plana vitrectomy group, statistically significant changes were observed in the first postoperative day (p = 0.01) and first postoperative month (p = 0.03). We noted that these changes returned to baseline in three months (p = 0.26)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Astigmatism",
"Conjunctiva",
"Cornea",
"Corneal Topography",
"Eye Diseases",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intraocular Pressure",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Visual Acuity",
"Vitrectomy",
"Vitreous Body"
]
} | Both 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless and conventional pars plana vitrectomy are effective surgical modalities for selected diseases of the posterior segment. Surgical procedures are critical for the visual rehabilitation of the patients. The post-operative corneal astigmatism of the vitrectomised eyes can be accurately determined at least two months post-operatively. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do keratometric alterations following the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy versus the conventional pars plana vitrectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the alterations in keratometric astigmatism following the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy versus the conventional pars plana vitrectomy.', 'Sixteen consecutive patients were enrolled into the study. Conventional vitrectomy was applied to eight of the cases and 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy was performed in eight patients. Keratometry was performed before and after the surgery.', 'In the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy group, statistically significant changes were not observed in the corneal curvature in any post-operative follow-up measurement (p > 0.05); whereas in the conventional pars plana vitrectomy group, statistically significant changes were observed in the first postoperative day (p = 0.01) and first postoperative month (p = 0.03). We noted that these changes returned to baseline in three months (p = 0.26).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Astigmatism', 'Conjunctiva', 'Cornea', 'Corneal Topography', 'Eye Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Visual Acuity', 'Vitrectomy', 'Vitreous Body']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,416 | Is lMO2 a novel predictive marker for a better prognosis in pancreatic cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"LIM domain only 2 (LMO2) has been identified as a novel oncogene associated with carcinogenesis and better prognosis in several malignant tumors. We investigate the involvement of LMO2 in pancreatic cancer.",
"We evaluated LMO2 expression in cultured cells, bulk tissues, and microdissected cells from pancreatic cancers by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.",
"Of 164 pancreatic cancers, 98 (60%) were positive for LMO2 expression. LMO2 was more frequently detected in high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions (PanIN-2 and -3) than in low-grade PanIN lesions (PanIN-1A and -1B; P < .001) and was not detected in normal pancreatic ductal epithelium. The LMO2 messenger RNA levels were significantly higher in invasive ductal carcinoma cells than in normal pancreatic cells as evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of microdissected cells (P = .036). We also found higher incidence of LMO2 expression in histologic grade G1/G2 cancers than in grade G3 cancers (P < .001). The median survival time of LMO2-positive patients was significantly longer than that of LMO2-negative patients (P < .001), and multivariate analyses revealed that high LMO2 expression was an independent predictor of longer survival (risk ratio, 0.432, P < .001). Even among patients with a positive operative margin, LMO2-positive patients had a significant survival benefit compared with LMO2-negative patients. We further performed a large cohort study (n = 113) to examine the LMO2 messenger RNA levels in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples and found similar results."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma in Situ",
"Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"LIM Domain Proteins",
"Male",
"Metalloproteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Prognosis",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | LMO2 is a promising marker for predicting a better prognosis in pancreatic cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is lMO2 a novel predictive marker for a better prognosis in pancreatic cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['LIM domain only 2 (LMO2) has been identified as a novel oncogene associated with carcinogenesis and better prognosis in several malignant tumors. We investigate the involvement of LMO2 in pancreatic cancer.', 'We evaluated LMO2 expression in cultured cells, bulk tissues, and microdissected cells from pancreatic cancers by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.', 'Of 164 pancreatic cancers, 98 (60%) were positive for LMO2 expression. LMO2 was more frequently detected in high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions (PanIN-2 and -3) than in low-grade PanIN lesions (PanIN-1A and -1B; P < .001) and was not detected in normal pancreatic ductal epithelium. The LMO2 messenger RNA levels were significantly higher in invasive ductal carcinoma cells than in normal pancreatic cells as evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of microdissected cells (P = .036). We also found higher incidence of LMO2 expression in histologic grade G1/G2 cancers than in grade G3 cancers (P < .001). The median survival time of LMO2-positive patients was significantly longer than that of LMO2-negative patients (P < .001), and multivariate analyses revealed that high LMO2 expression was an independent predictor of longer survival (risk ratio, 0.432, P < .001). Even among patients with a positive operative margin, LMO2-positive patients had a significant survival benefit compared with LMO2-negative patients. We further performed a large cohort study (n = 113) to examine the LMO2 messenger RNA levels in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples and found similar results.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'LIM Domain Proteins', 'Male', 'Metalloproteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Prognosis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,417 | Does acute stress increase sex differences in risk seeking in the balloon analogue risk task? | {
"contexts": [
"Decisions involving risk often must be made under stressful circumstances. Research on behavioral and brain differences in stress responses suggest that stress might have different effects on risk taking in males and females.",
"In this study, participants played a computer game designed to measure risk taking (the Balloon Analogue Risk Task) fifteen minutes after completing a stress challenge or control task. Stress increased risk taking among men but decreased it among women."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cold Temperature",
"Decision Making",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Male",
"Risk-Taking",
"Saliva",
"Stress, Psychological",
"Task Performance and Analysis"
]
} | Acute stress amplifies sex differences in risk seeking; making women more risk avoidant and men more risk seeking. Evolutionary principles may explain these stress-induced sex differences in risk taking behavior. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does acute stress increase sex differences in risk seeking in the balloon analogue risk task?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Decisions involving risk often must be made under stressful circumstances. Research on behavioral and brain differences in stress responses suggest that stress might have different effects on risk taking in males and females.', 'In this study, participants played a computer game designed to measure risk taking (the Balloon Analogue Risk Task) fifteen minutes after completing a stress challenge or control task. Stress increased risk taking among men but decreased it among women.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cold Temperature', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Male', 'Risk-Taking', 'Saliva', 'Stress, Psychological', 'Task Performance and Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,855 | Is more lateral and anterior prefrontal coil location associated with better repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation antidepressant response? | {
"contexts": [
"The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the most commonly used target for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of depression. The \"5-cm rule\" is an empiric method used for probabilistic targeting of the DLPFC in most clinical trials. This rule may be suboptimal, as it does not account for differences in skull size or variations in prefrontal anatomy relative to motor cortex location. This study is a post hoc analysis of data from a large repetitive TMS (rTMS) trial in which we examined the variability of coil placement and how it affects antidepressant efficacy.",
"Fifty-four depressed subjects enrolled in a randomized, single-site trial received either active rTMS or sham for 3 weeks. Prior to treatment initiation, investigators placed vitamin E capsules at the point of stimulation and used a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to image these fiducials relative to anatomy. We employed a semiautomated imaging-processing algorithm to localize the cortical region stimulated.",
"Active TMS significantly reduced Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores. A linear model for this improvement involving the coordinates of the stimulated cortex location, age, and treatment condition was highly significant. Specifically, individuals with more anterior and lateral stimulation sites were more likely to respond."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Depression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prefrontal Cortex",
"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic",
"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation"
]
} | These results suggest that within the general anatomical area targeted by the 5-cm rule, placing the TMS coil more laterally and anteriorly is associated with improved response rates in TMS depression studies. Controlled studies testing this anatomical hypothesis are needed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is more lateral and anterior prefrontal coil location associated with better repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation antidepressant response?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is the most commonly used target for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of depression. The \"5-cm rule\" is an empiric method used for probabilistic targeting of the DLPFC in most clinical trials. This rule may be suboptimal, as it does not account for differences in skull size or variations in prefrontal anatomy relative to motor cortex location. This study is a post hoc analysis of data from a large repetitive TMS (rTMS) trial in which we examined the variability of coil placement and how it affects antidepressant efficacy.', 'Fifty-four depressed subjects enrolled in a randomized, single-site trial received either active rTMS or sham for 3 weeks. Prior to treatment initiation, investigators placed vitamin E capsules at the point of stimulation and used a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to image these fiducials relative to anatomy. We employed a semiautomated imaging-processing algorithm to localize the cortical region stimulated.', 'Active TMS significantly reduced Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores. A linear model for this improvement involving the coordinates of the stimulated cortex location, age, and treatment condition was highly significant. Specifically, individuals with more anterior and lateral stimulation sites were more likely to respond.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,496 | Does small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 [ corrected ] mediate the resistance of prosthesis-loosening fibroblast-like synoviocytes against Fas-induced apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1) in aseptic loosening of prosthesis implants and to investigate its role in regulating the susceptibility of prosthesis-loosening fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to Fas-induced apoptosis.",
"Specimens of aseptically loosened tissue were obtained at revision surgery, and the expression of SUMO-1 was analyzed by in situ hybridization. SUMO-1 levels in FLS were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to study the subcellular localization of SUMO-1. The functional role of SUMO-1 in Fas-induced apoptosis of prosthesis-loosening FLS was investigated by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of SUMO-1 and by gene transfer of the nuclear SUMO-specific protease SENP1.",
"SUMO-1 was expressed strongly in aseptically loosened tissue and was found prominently at sites adjacent to bone. Prosthesis-loosening FLS expressed levels of SUMO-1 similar to the levels expressed by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) FLS, with SUMO-1 being found mainly in promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies. Knockdown of SUMO-1 had no effect on spontaneous apoptosis but significantly increased the susceptibility of prosthesis-loosening FLS to Fas-induced apoptosis. Gene transfer of the nuclear SUMO-specific protease SENP1 reverted the apoptosis-inhibiting effects of SUMO-1."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Cysteine Endopeptidases",
"Endopeptidases",
"Gene Knockdown Techniques",
"Hip Joint",
"Humans",
"Knee Joint",
"Prosthesis Failure",
"RNA, Messenger",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"SUMO-1 Protein",
"Synovial Membrane",
"fas Receptor"
]
} | These data suggest that SUMO-1 is involved in the activation of both RA FLS and prosthesis-loosening FLS by preventing these cells from undergoing apoptosis. Modification of nuclear proteins by SUMO-1 contributes to the antiapoptotic effects of SUMO-1 in prosthesis-loosening FLS, providing evidence for the specific activation of sumoylation during their differentiation. Therefore, SUMO-1 may be an interesting target for novel strategies to prevent aseptic prosthesis loosening. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 [ corrected ] mediate the resistance of prosthesis-loosening fibroblast-like synoviocytes against Fas-induced apoptosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To study the expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1) in aseptic loosening of prosthesis implants and to investigate its role in regulating the susceptibility of prosthesis-loosening fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to Fas-induced apoptosis.', 'Specimens of aseptically loosened tissue were obtained at revision surgery, and the expression of SUMO-1 was analyzed by in situ hybridization. SUMO-1 levels in FLS were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to study the subcellular localization of SUMO-1. The functional role of SUMO-1 in Fas-induced apoptosis of prosthesis-loosening FLS was investigated by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of SUMO-1 and by gene transfer of the nuclear SUMO-specific protease SENP1.', 'SUMO-1 was expressed strongly in aseptically loosened tissue and was found prominently at sites adjacent to bone. Prosthesis-loosening FLS expressed levels of SUMO-1 similar to the levels expressed by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) FLS, with SUMO-1 being found mainly in promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies. Knockdown of SUMO-1 had no effect on spontaneous apoptosis but significantly increased the susceptibility of prosthesis-loosening FLS to Fas-induced apoptosis. Gene transfer of the nuclear SUMO-specific protease SENP1 reverted the apoptosis-inhibiting effects of SUMO-1.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Cysteine Endopeptidases', 'Endopeptidases', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Hip Joint', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Prosthesis Failure', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'SUMO-1 Protein', 'Synovial Membrane', 'fas Receptor']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,495 | Is risk of tuberculosis higher with anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody therapy than with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor therapy : The three-year prospective French Research Axed on Tolerance of Biotherapies registry? | {
"contexts": [
"Tuberculosis (TB) is associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, but whether this association is drug-specific remains a concern. Our objective was to describe cases of TB associated with anti-TNF mAb therapy, identify risk factors, and estimate the incidence.",
"We conducted an incidence study and a case-control analysis to investigate the risk of newly diagnosed TB associated with the use of anti-TNF agents. As part of the French Research Axed on Tolerance of Biotherapies (RATIO) registry, for 3 years we collected cases of TB among French patients receiving anti-TNF mAb therapy for any indication; for each case, 2 patients treated with anti-TNF agents served as control subjects.",
"We collected 69 cases of TB in patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis (n = 40), spondylarthritides (n = 18), inflammatory colitis (n = 9), psoriasis (n = 1) and Behçet's disease (n = 1) with infliximab (n = 36), adalimumab (n = 28), and etanercept (n = 5). None of the patients had received correct chemoprophylactic treatment. The sex- and age-adjusted incidence rate of TB was 116.7 per 100,000 patient-years. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 12.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-15.5) and was higher for therapy with infliximab and adalimumab than for therapy with etanercept (SIR 18.6 [95% CI 13.4-25.8] and SIR 29.3 [95% CI 20.3-42.4] versus SIR 1.8 [95% CI 0.7-4.3], respectively). In the case-control analysis, exposure to infliximab or adalimumab versus etanercept was an independent risk factor for TB (odds ratio [OR] 13.3 [95% CI 2.6-69.0] and OR 17.1 [95% CI 3.6-80.6], respectively). Other risk factors were age, the first year of anti-TNF mAb treatment, and being born in an endemic area."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adalimumab",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal",
"Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Behcet Syndrome",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Colitis",
"Etanercept",
"Female",
"France",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Infliximab",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor",
"Registries",
"Risk Factors",
"Spondylarthritis",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Tuberculosis",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | The risk of TB is higher for patients receiving anti-TNF mAb therapy than for those receiving soluble TNF receptor therapy. The increased risk with early anti-TNF treatment and the absence of correct chemoprophylactic treatment favor the reactivation of latent TB. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is risk of tuberculosis higher with anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody therapy than with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor therapy : The three-year prospective French Research Axed on Tolerance of Biotherapies registry?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tuberculosis (TB) is associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy, but whether this association is drug-specific remains a concern. Our objective was to describe cases of TB associated with anti-TNF mAb therapy, identify risk factors, and estimate the incidence.', 'We conducted an incidence study and a case-control analysis to investigate the risk of newly diagnosed TB associated with the use of anti-TNF agents. As part of the French Research Axed on Tolerance of Biotherapies (RATIO) registry, for 3 years we collected cases of TB among French patients receiving anti-TNF mAb therapy for any indication; for each case, 2 patients treated with anti-TNF agents served as control subjects.', \"We collected 69 cases of TB in patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis (n = 40), spondylarthritides (n = 18), inflammatory colitis (n = 9), psoriasis (n = 1) and Behçet's disease (n = 1) with infliximab (n = 36), adalimumab (n = 28), and etanercept (n = 5). None of the patients had received correct chemoprophylactic treatment. The sex- and age-adjusted incidence rate of TB was 116.7 per 100,000 patient-years. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 12.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-15.5) and was higher for therapy with infliximab and adalimumab than for therapy with etanercept (SIR 18.6 [95% CI 13.4-25.8] and SIR 29.3 [95% CI 20.3-42.4] versus SIR 1.8 [95% CI 0.7-4.3], respectively). In the case-control analysis, exposure to infliximab or adalimumab versus etanercept was an independent risk factor for TB (odds ratio [OR] 13.3 [95% CI 2.6-69.0] and OR 17.1 [95% CI 3.6-80.6], respectively). Other risk factors were age, the first year of anti-TNF mAb treatment, and being born in an endemic area.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adalimumab', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Behcet Syndrome', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Colitis', 'Etanercept', 'Female', 'France', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Infliximab', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'Registries', 'Risk Factors', 'Spondylarthritis', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tuberculosis', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,493 | Are adipocytokines associated with radiographic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Obesity protects against radiographic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through poorly defined mechanisms. Adipocytokines are produced in adipose tissue and modulate inflammatory responses and radiographic joint damage in animal models. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that adipocytokines modulate inflammation and radiographic joint damage in patients with RA.",
"We compared serum concentrations of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and visfatin in 167 RA patients and 91 control subjects. The independent association between adipocytokines and body mass index (BMI), measures of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha]), and radiographic joint damage (Larsen score; n = 93 patients) was examined in RA patients by multivariable regression analysis first controlling for age, race, and sex, and then for obesity (BMI) and inflammation (TNFalpha, IL-6, and CRP).",
"Concentrations of all adipocytokines were significantly higher in RA patients than in controls; for visfatin and adiponectin, this association remained significant after adjusting for BMI, inflammation, or both. Visfatin concentrations were associated with higher Larsen scores, and this association remained significant after adjustment for age, race, sex, disease duration, BMI, and inflammation (odds ratio [OR] 2.38 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.32-4.29], P = 0.004). Leptin concentrations showed a positive association with the BMI (rho = 0.58, P < 0.01) and showed a negative association with the Larsen score after adjustment for inflammation (OR 0.32 [95% CI 0.17-0.61], P < 0.001), but not after adjustment for BMI (OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.42-1.73], P = 0.67)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipokines",
"Adiponectin",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Body Mass Index",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Foot Joints",
"Hand Joints",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-6",
"Leptin",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase",
"Obesity",
"Radiography",
"Resistin",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Concentrations of adipocytokines are increased in patients with RA and may modulate radiographic joint damage. Visfatin is associated with increased, and leptin with reduced, levels of radiographic joint damage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are adipocytokines associated with radiographic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Obesity protects against radiographic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through poorly defined mechanisms. Adipocytokines are produced in adipose tissue and modulate inflammatory responses and radiographic joint damage in animal models. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that adipocytokines modulate inflammation and radiographic joint damage in patients with RA.', 'We compared serum concentrations of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and visfatin in 167 RA patients and 91 control subjects. The independent association between adipocytokines and body mass index (BMI), measures of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha]), and radiographic joint damage (Larsen score; n = 93 patients) was examined in RA patients by multivariable regression analysis first controlling for age, race, and sex, and then for obesity (BMI) and inflammation (TNFalpha, IL-6, and CRP).', 'Concentrations of all adipocytokines were significantly higher in RA patients than in controls; for visfatin and adiponectin, this association remained significant after adjusting for BMI, inflammation, or both. Visfatin concentrations were associated with higher Larsen scores, and this association remained significant after adjustment for age, race, sex, disease duration, BMI, and inflammation (odds ratio [OR] 2.38 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.32-4.29], P = 0.004). Leptin concentrations showed a positive association with the BMI (rho = 0.58, P < 0.01) and showed a negative association with the Larsen score after adjustment for inflammation (OR 0.32 [95% CI 0.17-0.61], P < 0.001), but not after adjustment for BMI (OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.42-1.73], P = 0.67).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipokines', 'Adiponectin', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Body Mass Index', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Foot Joints', 'Hand Joints', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Leptin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase', 'Obesity', 'Radiography', 'Resistin', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,491 | Is the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter a strong risk factor for primary Sjögren 's syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Interferon regulatory factor 5 is a transcription factor involved in type I interferon (IFN) secretion. This study was undertaken to investigate whether a 5-bp (CGGGG insertion/deletion) promoter polymorphism is involved in genetic predisposition to primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and to assess the functional consequences of this polymorphism.",
"The exploratory cohort consisted of 185 patients with primary SS and 157 healthy controls, and the replication cohort consisted of 200 patients with primary SS and 282 healthy controls. Levels of IRF5 messenger RNA (mRNA) were assessed at baseline and after in vitro infection with reovirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 patients with primary SS and from salivary gland epithelial cells that had been cultured for 4 weeks from patients with primary SS or sicca symptoms.",
"Carriage of the IRF5 4R CGGGG allele was associated with a greatly increased risk of primary SS in both cohorts (odds ratio 2.00 [95% confidence interval 1.5-2.7], P = 6.6 x 10(-6)). The CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism alone was sufficient to explain the association of primary SS with IRF5. The level of IRF5 mRNA in PBMCs depended significantly on genotype (P = 0.002) and was correlated with the levels of mRNA for the IFN-induced genes MX1 and IFITM1. Cultured salivary gland epithelial cells from patients carrying the 4R CGGGG IRF5 allele showed a high level of IRF5 mRNA (P = 0.04), which was amplified after reovirus infection (P = 0.026)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alleles",
"Biopsy",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cohort Studies",
"Gene Deletion",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Humans",
"Interferon Regulatory Factors",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"Mutagenesis, Insertional",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Risk Factors",
"Salivary Glands",
"Sjogren's Syndrome"
]
} | Our findings indicate an association of the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter with primary SS. Patients carrying the 4R CGGGG IRF5 allele had a high level of mRNA for IRF5 in PBMCs and salivary gland epithelial cells, mainly after in vitro viral infection. Patients with high levels of mRNA for IRF5 also had high levels of mRNA for type I IFN-induced genes in PBMCs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter a strong risk factor for primary Sjögren 's syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Interferon regulatory factor 5 is a transcription factor involved in type I interferon (IFN) secretion. This study was undertaken to investigate whether a 5-bp (CGGGG insertion/deletion) promoter polymorphism is involved in genetic predisposition to primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and to assess the functional consequences of this polymorphism.\", 'The exploratory cohort consisted of 185 patients with primary SS and 157 healthy controls, and the replication cohort consisted of 200 patients with primary SS and 282 healthy controls. Levels of IRF5 messenger RNA (mRNA) were assessed at baseline and after in vitro infection with reovirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 patients with primary SS and from salivary gland epithelial cells that had been cultured for 4 weeks from patients with primary SS or sicca symptoms.', 'Carriage of the IRF5 4R CGGGG allele was associated with a greatly increased risk of primary SS in both cohorts (odds ratio 2.00 [95% confidence interval 1.5-2.7], P = 6.6 x 10(-6)). The CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism alone was sufficient to explain the association of primary SS with IRF5. The level of IRF5 mRNA in PBMCs depended significantly on genotype (P = 0.002) and was correlated with the levels of mRNA for the IFN-induced genes MX1 and IFITM1. Cultured salivary gland epithelial cells from patients carrying the 4R CGGGG IRF5 allele showed a high level of IRF5 mRNA (P = 0.04), which was amplified after reovirus infection (P = 0.026).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alleles', 'Biopsy', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cohort Studies', 'Gene Deletion', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Interferon Regulatory Factors', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Risk Factors', 'Salivary Glands', \"Sjogren's Syndrome\"]}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,002 | Is the neuroprotective effects of oxaloacetate in closed head injury in rats mediated by its blood glutamate scavenging activity : evidence from the use of maleate? | {
"contexts": [
"Treatment with oxaloacetate after traumatic brain injury has been shown to decrease blood glutamate levels and protect against the neurotoxic effects of glutamate on the brain. A number of potential mechanisms have been suggested to explain oxaloacetate-induced neuroprotection. We hypothesize that the primary mechanism by which intravenous oxaloacetate provides neuroprotection is by activation of the blood glutamate-scavenging enzyme glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, increasing thereby the driving force for the efflux of excess glutamate from brain interstitial fluids into blood. If so, coadministration of maleate, a glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase-blocker is expected to prevent the neuroprotective effects of oxaloacetate.",
"A neurological severity score (NSS) was measured 1 hour after closed head injury (CHI) in rats. Then, rats received 30 microL/min/100 g infusion of saline, or 1 mmol/100 g solution of oxaloacetate, maleate, or a mixture of oxaloacetate and maleate. NSS was reassessed at 24 and 48 hour after CHI. Blood glutamate and glucose levels were measured at 0, 60, 90, and 120 minutes.",
"NSS improved significantly at 24 hour (P<0.001) and 48 hour (P<0.001) only in the rats treated with oxaloacetate. Blood glutamate decreased significantly in the oxaloacetate-treated group at 90 minute (at the conclusion of oxaloacetate administration) (P<0.00001), but not in the control, maleate or oxaloacetate+maleate groups. A strong correlation r2=0.86 was found to exist between the percent decrease in blood glutamate levels and percent improvement in NSS."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic",
"Behavior, Animal",
"Blood Gas Analysis",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Glutamic Acid",
"Head Injuries, Closed",
"Male",
"Maleates",
"Neuroprotective Agents",
"Oxaloacetic Acid",
"Psychomotor Performance",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley"
]
} | The results of this study demonstrate that the primary mechanism by which oxaloacetate provides neuroprotective activity after CHI is related to its blood glutamate scavenging activity. Management of blood glutamate concentration may have important implications in the treatment of acute brain conditions, including CHI and stroke. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the neuroprotective effects of oxaloacetate in closed head injury in rats mediated by its blood glutamate scavenging activity : evidence from the use of maleate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Treatment with oxaloacetate after traumatic brain injury has been shown to decrease blood glutamate levels and protect against the neurotoxic effects of glutamate on the brain. A number of potential mechanisms have been suggested to explain oxaloacetate-induced neuroprotection. We hypothesize that the primary mechanism by which intravenous oxaloacetate provides neuroprotection is by activation of the blood glutamate-scavenging enzyme glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, increasing thereby the driving force for the efflux of excess glutamate from brain interstitial fluids into blood. If so, coadministration of maleate, a glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase-blocker is expected to prevent the neuroprotective effects of oxaloacetate.', 'A neurological severity score (NSS) was measured 1 hour after closed head injury (CHI) in rats. Then, rats received 30 microL/min/100 g infusion of saline, or 1 mmol/100 g solution of oxaloacetate, maleate, or a mixture of oxaloacetate and maleate. NSS was reassessed at 24 and 48 hour after CHI. Blood glutamate and glucose levels were measured at 0, 60, 90, and 120 minutes.', 'NSS improved significantly at 24 hour (P<0.001) and 48 hour (P<0.001) only in the rats treated with oxaloacetate. Blood glutamate decreased significantly in the oxaloacetate-treated group at 90 minute (at the conclusion of oxaloacetate administration) (P<0.00001), but not in the control, maleate or oxaloacetate+maleate groups. A strong correlation r2=0.86 was found to exist between the percent decrease in blood glutamate levels and percent improvement in NSS.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Glutamic Acid', 'Head Injuries, Closed', 'Male', 'Maleates', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Oxaloacetic Acid', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,559,543 | Do young adult injection drug users in the United States continue to practice HIV risk behaviors? | {
"contexts": [
"Injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk of acquiring HIV through injection and sexual practices.",
"We analyzed data collected in five U.S. cities between 2002 and 2004 to identify correlates of HIV infection among 3285 IDUs ages 15-30 years.",
"Overall, HIV prevalence was 2.8% (95% CI 2.3-3.4), ranging from 0.8% in Chicago to 6.3% in Los Angeles. Mean age was 24 years, 70% were male, 64% non-Hispanic (NH) white, 7% NH black, 17% Hispanic, and 12% were other/mixed race. HIV infection was independently associated with: race/ethnicity (NH black [AOR 4.1, 95% CI 1.9-9.1], Hispanic [AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5-8.4], or other/mixed [AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-5.2] vs. NH white); males who only had sex with males compared to males who only had sex with females (AOR 15.3, 95% CI 6.8-34.5); injecting methamphetamine alone or with heroin compared to heroin only (AOR 4.0, 95% CI 1.7-9.7); reporting inconsistent means of obtaining income compared to regular jobs (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.8); and having a history of exchanging sex for money/drugs (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5-5.2)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Cocaine-Related Disorders",
"Crime",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Education",
"Ethnic Groups",
"Female",
"HIV Infections",
"Heroin Dependence",
"Housing",
"Humans",
"Income",
"Male",
"Methamphetamine",
"Patient Selection",
"Risk-Taking",
"Socioeconomic Factors",
"Substance Abuse, Intravenous",
"United States",
"Unsafe Sex",
"Urban Population",
"Young Adult"
]
} | More than two decades after injection and sexual practices were identified as risk factors for HIV infection, these behaviors remain common among young IDUs. While racial/ethnic disparities persist, methamphetamine may be replacing cocaine as the drug most associated with HIV seropositivity. HIV prevention interventions targeting young IDUs and address both sexual and injection practices are needed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do young adult injection drug users in the United States continue to practice HIV risk behaviors?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk of acquiring HIV through injection and sexual practices.', 'We analyzed data collected in five U.S. cities between 2002 and 2004 to identify correlates of HIV infection among 3285 IDUs ages 15-30 years.', 'Overall, HIV prevalence was 2.8% (95% CI 2.3-3.4), ranging from 0.8% in Chicago to 6.3% in Los Angeles. Mean age was 24 years, 70% were male, 64% non-Hispanic (NH) white, 7% NH black, 17% Hispanic, and 12% were other/mixed race. HIV infection was independently associated with: race/ethnicity (NH black [AOR 4.1, 95% CI 1.9-9.1], Hispanic [AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5-8.4], or other/mixed [AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-5.2] vs. NH white); males who only had sex with males compared to males who only had sex with females (AOR 15.3, 95% CI 6.8-34.5); injecting methamphetamine alone or with heroin compared to heroin only (AOR 4.0, 95% CI 1.7-9.7); reporting inconsistent means of obtaining income compared to regular jobs (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.8); and having a history of exchanging sex for money/drugs (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5-5.2).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Cocaine-Related Disorders', 'Crime', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Education', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Heroin Dependence', 'Housing', 'Humans', 'Income', 'Male', 'Methamphetamine', 'Patient Selection', 'Risk-Taking', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Substance Abuse, Intravenous', 'United States', 'Unsafe Sex', 'Urban Population', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,684 | Does self-reported pad use per day reflect patient quality of life after pubovaginal sling surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"We hypothesized that self-reported pad use per day (PPD) after pubovaginal sling (PVS) correlated with postoperative quality of life (QOL) scores.",
"Two hundred fifteen women completed the incontinence impact questionnaire 7 (IIQ-7) and urogenital distress inventory 6 (UDI-6) before PVS and during follow-up. Starting 3 days before a visit, women recorded the number of protective urinary pad changes per day. Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation tests were used to determine if women reporting zero, one, or greater than or equal to two urinary pads per day after PVS had significantly different changes in baseline QOL scores.",
"Over a mean 8.5 months follow-up after PVS, 131, 56, and 28 women reported zero, one, and greater than or equal to two pad changes/day. Each pad group showed progressively less improvement from baseline IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores after PVS. Change in IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores negatively correlated with PPD (p < 0.0001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Endpoint Determination",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Gynecologic Surgical Procedures",
"Health Surveys",
"Humans",
"Incontinence Pads",
"Middle Aged",
"Outcome Assessment (Health Care)",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Quality of Life",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Self Disclosure",
"Suburethral Slings",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Urinary Incontinence"
]
} | Self-reported PPD after PVS reflects patient perception of urinary-specific QOL. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does self-reported pad use per day reflect patient quality of life after pubovaginal sling surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We hypothesized that self-reported pad use per day (PPD) after pubovaginal sling (PVS) correlated with postoperative quality of life (QOL) scores.', 'Two hundred fifteen women completed the incontinence impact questionnaire 7 (IIQ-7) and urogenital distress inventory 6 (UDI-6) before PVS and during follow-up. Starting 3 days before a visit, women recorded the number of protective urinary pad changes per day. Analysis of variance and Pearson correlation tests were used to determine if women reporting zero, one, or greater than or equal to two urinary pads per day after PVS had significantly different changes in baseline QOL scores.', 'Over a mean 8.5 months follow-up after PVS, 131, 56, and 28 women reported zero, one, and greater than or equal to two pad changes/day. Each pad group showed progressively less improvement from baseline IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores after PVS. Change in IIQ-7 and UDI-6 scores negatively correlated with PPD (p < 0.0001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Endpoint Determination', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Gynecologic Surgical Procedures', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Incontinence Pads', 'Middle Aged', 'Outcome Assessment (Health Care)', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Quality of Life', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Self Disclosure', 'Suburethral Slings', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urinary Incontinence']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,220 | Are the novel RASSF6 and RASSF10 candidate tumour suppressor genes frequently epigenetically inactivated in childhood leukaemias? | {
"contexts": [
"The Ras-association family (RASSF) of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) contains 10 members that encode proteins containing Ras-association (RA) domains. Several members of the RASSF family are frequently epigenetically inactivated in cancer, however, their role in leukaemia has remained largely uninvestigated. Also, RASSF10 is a predicted gene yet to be experimentally verified. Here we cloned, characterised and demonstrated expression of RASSF10 in normal human bone marrow. We also determined the methylation status of CpG islands associated with RASSF1-10 in a series of childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemias (ALL) and normal blood and bone marrow samples.",
"COBRA and bisulphite sequencing revealed RASSF6 and RASSF10 were the only RASSF members with a high frequency of leukaemia-specific methylation. RASSF6 was methylated in 94% (48/51) B-ALL and 41% (12/29) T-ALL, whilst RASSF10 was methylated in 16% (8/51) B-ALL and 88% (23/26) T-ALL. RASSF6 and RASSF10 expression inversely correlated with methylation which was restored by treatment with 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (5azaDC)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amino Acid Sequence",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"CpG Islands",
"DNA Methylation",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Gene Silencing",
"Genes, Tumor Suppressor",
"Humans",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma",
"Sequence Alignment"
]
} | This study shows the hypermethylation profile of RASSF genes in leukaemias is distinct from that of solid tumours and represents the first report of inactivation of RASSF6 or RASSF10 in cancer. These data show epigenetic inactivation of the candidate TSGs RASSF6 and RASSF10 is an extremely frequent event in the pathogenesis of childhood leukaemia. This study also warrants further investigation of the newly identified RASSF member RASSF10 and its potential role in leukaemia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are the novel RASSF6 and RASSF10 candidate tumour suppressor genes frequently epigenetically inactivated in childhood leukaemias?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The Ras-association family (RASSF) of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) contains 10 members that encode proteins containing Ras-association (RA) domains. Several members of the RASSF family are frequently epigenetically inactivated in cancer, however, their role in leukaemia has remained largely uninvestigated. Also, RASSF10 is a predicted gene yet to be experimentally verified. Here we cloned, characterised and demonstrated expression of RASSF10 in normal human bone marrow. We also determined the methylation status of CpG islands associated with RASSF1-10 in a series of childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemias (ALL) and normal blood and bone marrow samples.', \"COBRA and bisulphite sequencing revealed RASSF6 and RASSF10 were the only RASSF members with a high frequency of leukaemia-specific methylation. RASSF6 was methylated in 94% (48/51) B-ALL and 41% (12/29) T-ALL, whilst RASSF10 was methylated in 16% (8/51) B-ALL and 88% (23/26) T-ALL. RASSF6 and RASSF10 expression inversely correlated with methylation which was restored by treatment with 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (5azaDC).\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA Methylation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Gene Silencing', 'Genes, Tumor Suppressor', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Sequence Alignment']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,555,941 | Is pancreatitis frequent among patients with side-branch intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia diagnosed by EUS? | {
"contexts": [
"Because of greater recognition and improved imaging capabilities, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. IPMNs of the main pancreatic duct cause symptoms and lead to pancreatitis. Side-branch (SB) IPMNs are thought to cause symptoms less frequently, and their association with pancreatitis is not well defined.",
"Our purpose was to ascertain whether an association exists between SB-IPMN and pancreatitis.",
"Single-center, retrospective study.",
"Academic medical center.",
"A total of 305 patients underwent EUS examinations between October 2002 and October 2006 for pancreatic cystic lesions.",
"The main outcome measure was the frequency of acute or chronic pancreatitis that was not procedurally related.",
"Thirty-two patients had SB-IPMNs, and 11 (34%) had pancreatitis. Three patients reported a single episode, and 8 patients reported having recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. Overall, 17 (53%) patients had symptoms possibly attributable to SB-IPMN. Female sex (73% vs 38%) and multiple pancreatic lesions (54% vs 24%) were more commonly seen in those with pancreatitis, but were not statistically significant factors. Larger cyst size or cyst fluid marker levels did not appear associated with pancreatitis occurrence. EUS-FNA demonstrated communication with the pancreatic duct in 94% and thick, mucinous fluid in 84%."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Academic Medical Centers",
"Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous",
"Adult",
"Age Distribution",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biopsy, Fine-Needle",
"Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal",
"Cohort Studies",
"Comorbidity",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Endosonography",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Incidence",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Sex Distribution",
"Survival Analysis"
]
} | Single-center, retrospective study. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is pancreatitis frequent among patients with side-branch intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia diagnosed by EUS?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Because of greater recognition and improved imaging capabilities, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. IPMNs of the main pancreatic duct cause symptoms and lead to pancreatitis. Side-branch (SB) IPMNs are thought to cause symptoms less frequently, and their association with pancreatitis is not well defined.', 'Our purpose was to ascertain whether an association exists between SB-IPMN and pancreatitis.', 'Single-center, retrospective study.', 'Academic medical center.', 'A total of 305 patients underwent EUS examinations between October 2002 and October 2006 for pancreatic cystic lesions.', 'The main outcome measure was the frequency of acute or chronic pancreatitis that was not procedurally related.', 'Thirty-two patients had SB-IPMNs, and 11 (34%) had pancreatitis. Three patients reported a single episode, and 8 patients reported having recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. Overall, 17 (53%) patients had symptoms possibly attributable to SB-IPMN. Female sex (73% vs 38%) and multiple pancreatic lesions (54% vs 24%) were more commonly seen in those with pancreatitis, but were not statistically significant factors. Larger cyst size or cyst fluid marker levels did not appear associated with pancreatitis occurrence. EUS-FNA demonstrated communication with the pancreatic duct in 94% and thick, mucinous fluid in 84%.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Academic Medical Centers', 'Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biopsy, Fine-Needle', 'Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Endosonography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sex Distribution', 'Survival Analysis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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