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24,757,674 | Is physical performance associated with working memory in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment? | {
"contexts": [
"Physical performances and cognition are positively related in cognitively healthy people. The aim of this study was to examine whether physical performances are related to specific cognitive functioning in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment.",
"This cross-sectional study included 134 people with a mild to severe cognitive impairment (mean age 82 years). Multiple linear regression was performed, after controlling for covariates and the level of global cognition, with the performances on mobility, strength, aerobic fitness, and balance as predictors and working memory and episodic memory as dependent variables.",
"The full models explain 49-57% of the variance in working memory and 40-43% of episodic memory. Strength, aerobic fitness, and balance are significantly associated with working memory, explaining 3-7% of its variance, irrespective of the severity of the cognitive impairment. Physical performance is not related to episodic memory in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Memory, Episodic",
"Physical Fitness",
"Psychomotor Performance",
"Severity of Illness Index"
]
} | Physical performance is associated with working memory in older people with cognitive impairment. Future studies should investigate whether physical exercise for increased physical performance can improve cognitive functioning. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NTR1482. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is physical performance associated with working memory in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Physical performances and cognition are positively related in cognitively healthy people. The aim of this study was to examine whether physical performances are related to specific cognitive functioning in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment.', 'This cross-sectional study included 134 people with a mild to severe cognitive impairment (mean age 82 years). Multiple linear regression was performed, after controlling for covariates and the level of global cognition, with the performances on mobility, strength, aerobic fitness, and balance as predictors and working memory and episodic memory as dependent variables.', 'The full models explain 49-57% of the variance in working memory and 40-43% of episodic memory. Strength, aerobic fitness, and balance are significantly associated with working memory, explaining 3-7% of its variance, irrespective of the severity of the cognitive impairment. Physical performance is not related to episodic memory in older people with mild to severe cognitive impairment.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Memory, Episodic', 'Physical Fitness', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Severity of Illness Index']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,768,850 | Is a cut-off value of 2 cm in tumor size of prognostic value in surgically treated FIGO stage IB cervical cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Limited knowledge exists about the value of tumor size in surgically treated cervical cancer (CX) using a tumor size of 2 cm as cut-off value.",
"A total of 366 cases of CX FIGO stage IB who received upfront surgery were evaluated regarding tumor size, the prediction of pelvic lymph node involvement, and recurrence-free and overall survival during a median follow-up time of 94 months. Tumors ≤2.0 cm were defined as small, tumors 2.1-4.0 cm as medium sized and those larger than 4 cm as bulky disease.",
"Small tumors were seen in 28.7%, medium sized in 52.5% and bulky tumors in 18.9%. There was a significant higher frequency of pelvic lymph node involvement with increasing tumor size (13.3% vs. 23.4% vs. 43.5%, respectively; p<0.001) and an increase of recurrent disease (6.7% vs. 18.8% vs. 29.4%, respectively; p<0.001). The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly reduced with increasing tumor size (94.0% vs. 85.1% vs. 69.9%, respectively; p<0.001). Pelvic lymph node involvement and maximal tumor size were independent prognostic factors for both recurrence-free and overall survival in multivariate analysis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Survival Rate",
"Uterine Cervical Neoplasms",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The results support that tumor size is of prognostic impact in FIGO stage IB cervical carcinomas. A further substaging is suggested for tumors up to 4.0 cm maximum dimension using a cut-off value of 2.0 cm as discriminator. Patients with tumors ≤2.0 cm may represent low risk disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is a cut-off value of 2 cm in tumor size of prognostic value in surgically treated FIGO stage IB cervical cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Limited knowledge exists about the value of tumor size in surgically treated cervical cancer (CX) using a tumor size of 2 cm as cut-off value.', 'A total of 366 cases of CX FIGO stage IB who received upfront surgery were evaluated regarding tumor size, the prediction of pelvic lymph node involvement, and recurrence-free and overall survival during a median follow-up time of 94 months. Tumors ≤2.0 cm were defined as small, tumors 2.1-4.0 cm as medium sized and those larger than 4 cm as bulky disease.', 'Small tumors were seen in 28.7%, medium sized in 52.5% and bulky tumors in 18.9%. There was a significant higher frequency of pelvic lymph node involvement with increasing tumor size (13.3% vs. 23.4% vs. 43.5%, respectively; p<0.001) and an increase of recurrent disease (6.7% vs. 18.8% vs. 29.4%, respectively; p<0.001). The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly reduced with increasing tumor size (94.0% vs. 85.1% vs. 69.9%, respectively; p<0.001). Pelvic lymph node involvement and maximal tumor size were independent prognostic factors for both recurrence-free and overall survival in multivariate analysis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Survival Rate', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,745,561 | Is anxiety associated with the risk of dementia or cognitive decline : the Rotterdam Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Anxiety and depression frequently co-occur in the elderly and in patients with dementia. Prior research has shown that depression is related to the risk of dementia, but the effect of anxiety on dementia remains unclear. We studied whether anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are associated with the risk of dementia and cognition.",
"We studied 2,708 nondemented participants from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study who underwent the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (sample I, baseline 1993-1995) and 3,069 nondemented participants who underwent screening for anxiety disorders (sample II, baseline 2002-2004). In 1993-1995, anxiety symptoms were assessed using the HADS. In 2002-2004, anxiety disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. In both study samples, participants were continuously monitored for dementia until January 1, 2011. Cognition was tested in 2002-2004 and at a follow-up visit in 2009-2011 in sample II only.",
"In sample I, 358 persons developed dementia, and in sample II, 248 persons developed dementia. We did not find an association with the risk of dementia for anxiety symptoms (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.77-1.43, Wald statistic 0.08, p = 0.77, df = 1) or for anxiety disorders (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-1.45, Wald statistic 0.14, p = 0.71, df = 1). We could demonstrate an association of anxiety disorders with poor cognition cross-sectionally, but this attenuated after additional adjustments."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Anxiety",
"Anxiety Disorders",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Dementia",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Netherlands",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk"
]
} | Our findings do not offer evidence for an association between anxiety symptoms or anxiety disorders with the risk of dementia or with cognition. This suggests that anxiety is not a risk factor nor a prodrome of dementia in an elderly, community-dwelling population. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is anxiety associated with the risk of dementia or cognitive decline : the Rotterdam Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Anxiety and depression frequently co-occur in the elderly and in patients with dementia. Prior research has shown that depression is related to the risk of dementia, but the effect of anxiety on dementia remains unclear. We studied whether anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders are associated with the risk of dementia and cognition.', 'We studied 2,708 nondemented participants from the prospective, population-based Rotterdam Study who underwent the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (sample I, baseline 1993-1995) and 3,069 nondemented participants who underwent screening for anxiety disorders (sample II, baseline 2002-2004). In 1993-1995, anxiety symptoms were assessed using the HADS. In 2002-2004, anxiety disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. In both study samples, participants were continuously monitored for dementia until January 1, 2011. Cognition was tested in 2002-2004 and at a follow-up visit in 2009-2011 in sample II only.', 'In sample I, 358 persons developed dementia, and in sample II, 248 persons developed dementia. We did not find an association with the risk of dementia for anxiety symptoms (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.77-1.43, Wald statistic 0.08, p\\xa0= 0.77, df\\xa0= 1) or for anxiety disorders (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-1.45, Wald statistic 0.14, p\\xa0= 0.71, df\\xa0= 1). We could demonstrate an association of anxiety disorders with poor cognition cross-sectionally, but this attenuated after additional adjustments.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anxiety', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Dementia', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Netherlands', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,563,666 | Is cXCR4 expression on circulating pan-cytokeratin positive cells associated with survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The CXC chemokine, CXCL12, and its receptor, CXCR4 promote metastases of a variety of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of CXCR4 on tumor cells may represent a critical biomarker for their propensity to metastasize. This study was performed to evaluate the hypothesis that co-expression of pan-cytokeratin and CXCR4 may be a prognostic marker for patients with advanced NSCLC.",
"We evaluated CXCR4 levels on circulating pan-cytokeratin positive cells from patients with NSCLC. NSCLC tumor and metastases were also assessed for the presence of CXCR4.",
"Pan-cytokeratin positive cells were increased in the circulation of patients with NSCLC, as compared to normal control subjects. Patients with pan-cytokeratin +/CXCR4+ = 2,500 cells/ml had a significant improvement in median survival when compared with patients with pan-cytokeratin +/CXCR4+ >2,500 cells/ml (not achieved versus 14 weeks). CXCR4 expression was found on NSCLC tumors and at sites of tumor metastasis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Keratins",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Neoplastic Cells, Circulating",
"Receptors, CXCR4"
]
} | This study suggests that CXCR4 may be a prognostic marker in NSCLC, and provides hypothesis-generating results, which may be important in determining metastatic potential. In future studies, we will prospectively evaluate the prognostic significance of pan-cytokeratin/CXCR4+ cells, and determine the mechanisms involved in the regulation of CXCR4 expression on tumor cells in a larger patient population. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cXCR4 expression on circulating pan-cytokeratin positive cells associated with survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The CXC chemokine, CXCL12, and its receptor, CXCR4 promote metastases of a variety of solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of CXCR4 on tumor cells may represent a critical biomarker for their propensity to metastasize. This study was performed to evaluate the hypothesis that co-expression of pan-cytokeratin and CXCR4 may be a prognostic marker for patients with advanced NSCLC.', 'We evaluated CXCR4 levels on circulating pan-cytokeratin positive cells from patients with NSCLC. NSCLC tumor and metastases were also assessed for the presence of CXCR4.', 'Pan-cytokeratin positive cells were increased in the circulation of patients with NSCLC, as compared to normal control subjects. Patients with pan-cytokeratin +/CXCR4+ = 2,500 cells/ml had a significant improvement in median survival when compared with patients with pan-cytokeratin +/CXCR4+ >2,500 cells/ml (not achieved versus 14 weeks). CXCR4 expression was found on NSCLC tumors and at sites of tumor metastasis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Keratins', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Neoplastic Cells, Circulating', 'Receptors, CXCR4']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,562,072 | Does tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) prevent lead-induced testicular toxicity? | {
"contexts": [
"Lead, an example of heavy metals, has, for decades, being known for its adverse effects on various body organs and systems such that their functions are compromised.",
"In the present study, the ability of lead to adversely affect the male reproductive system was investigated and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum: Source of antioxidants) paste (TP) was administered orally to prevent the adverse effects of Pb.",
"Fifteen Sprague Dawley rats, randomised into three groups (n = 5), were used for this study. Animals in Group A served as the control and were drinking distilled water. Animals in Groups B and C were drinking 1% Pb (II) acetate (LA). Group C animals were, in addition to drinking LA, treated with 1.5 ml of TP/day. All treatments were for 8 weeks.",
"A Mann-Whitney U-test was used to analyse the results obtained.",
"The obtained results showed that Pb caused a significant reduction in the testicular weight, sperm count, life-death ratio, sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, and plasma and tissue superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, but a significant increase in plasma and tissue malondialdehyde concentration. But, Pb did not cause any significant change in the serum testosterone level. TP, however, significantly reduced these adverse effects of Pb."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | These findings lead to the conclusion that TP significantly lowered the adverse effects of Pb exposure on the kidney as well as Pb-induced oxidative stress. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) prevent lead-induced testicular toxicity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Lead, an example of heavy metals, has, for decades, being known for its adverse effects on various body organs and systems such that their functions are compromised.', 'In the present study, the ability of lead to adversely affect the male reproductive system was investigated and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum: Source of antioxidants) paste (TP) was administered orally to prevent the adverse effects of Pb.', 'Fifteen Sprague Dawley rats, randomised into three groups (n = 5), were used for this study. Animals in Group A served as the control and were drinking distilled water. Animals in Groups B and C were drinking 1% Pb (II) acetate (LA). Group C animals were, in addition to drinking LA, treated with 1.5 ml of TP/day. All treatments were for 8 weeks.', 'A Mann-Whitney U-test was used to analyse the results obtained.', 'The obtained results showed that Pb caused a significant reduction in the testicular weight, sperm count, life-death ratio, sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, and plasma and tissue superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, but a significant increase in plasma and tissue malondialdehyde concentration. But, Pb did not cause any significant change in the serum testosterone level. TP, however, significantly reduced these adverse effects of Pb.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,562,077 | Does dll1 haploinsufficiency in adult mice lead to a complex phenotype affecting metabolic and immunological processes? | {
"contexts": [
"The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved signal transduction pathway involved in embryonic patterning and regulation of cell fates during development and self-renewal. Recent studies have demonstrated that this pathway is integral to a complex system of interactions, involving as well other signal transduction pathways, and implicated in distinct human diseases. Delta-like 1 (Dll1) is one of the known ligands of the Notch receptors. The role of the Notch ligands is less well understood. Loss-of-function of Dll1 leads to embryonic lethality, but reduction of Delta-like 1 protein levels has not been studied in adult stage.",
"Here we present the haploinsufficient phenotype of Dll1 and a missense mutant Dll1 allele (Dll1(C413Y)). Haploinsufficiency leads to a complex phenotype with several biological processes altered. These alterations reveal the importance of Dll1 mainly in metabolism, energy balance and in immunology. The animals are smaller, lighter, with altered fat to lean ratio and have increased blood pressure and a slight bradycardia. The animals have reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in blood. At the immunological level a subtle phenotype is observed due to the effect and fine-tuning of the signaling network at the different levels of differentiation, proliferation and function of lymphocytes. Moreover, the importance of the proteolytic regulation of the Notch signaling network emphasized."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alleles",
"Amino Acid Sequence",
"Animals",
"Female",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Ligands",
"Lymphocytes",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C3H",
"Models, Biological",
"Models, Genetic",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Mutation",
"Receptors, Notch",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | In conclusion, slight alterations in one player of Notch signaling alter the entire organism, emphasizing the fine-tuning character of this pathway in a high number of processes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dll1 haploinsufficiency in adult mice lead to a complex phenotype affecting metabolic and immunological processes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved signal transduction pathway involved in embryonic patterning and regulation of cell fates during development and self-renewal. Recent studies have demonstrated that this pathway is integral to a complex system of interactions, involving as well other signal transduction pathways, and implicated in distinct human diseases. Delta-like 1 (Dll1) is one of the known ligands of the Notch receptors. The role of the Notch ligands is less well understood. Loss-of-function of Dll1 leads to embryonic lethality, but reduction of Delta-like 1 protein levels has not been studied in adult stage.', 'Here we present the haploinsufficient phenotype of Dll1 and a missense mutant Dll1 allele (Dll1(C413Y)). Haploinsufficiency leads to a complex phenotype with several biological processes altered. These alterations reveal the importance of Dll1 mainly in metabolism, energy balance and in immunology. The animals are smaller, lighter, with altered fat to lean ratio and have increased blood pressure and a slight bradycardia. The animals have reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in blood. At the immunological level a subtle phenotype is observed due to the effect and fine-tuning of the signaling network at the different levels of differentiation, proliferation and function of lymphocytes. Moreover, the importance of the proteolytic regulation of the Notch signaling network emphasized.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alleles', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Female', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Ligands', 'Lymphocytes', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Genetic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Receptors, Notch', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,444 | Does new testing approach in HLA genotyping help overcome barriers in effective clinical practice? | {
"contexts": [
"Severe and potentially fatal hypersensitivity reactions to drugs, particularly antiepileptics, are clinically unpredictable. Recent evidence has revealed a strong and specific association between the implicated drug, the type of adverse reaction, and the particular HLA genotype. An urgent need exists for rapid diagnosis of HLA status to guide drug prescription; however, traditional HLA genotyping has a long turnaround time, is expensive, and is available only in specialized centers. We tested the feasibility of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based approach to detect a specific HLA genotype. As an example, we used B*1502, an HLA allele strongly associated with carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, and validated the assay's application as a simple, accurate, rapid, and low-cost blood test for use in both clinical and bedside settings.",
"We evaluated B*1502 status with the new LAMP method and compared the results with those obtained by sequence-based typing (SBT) (n = 250) and by sequence-specific primer PCR (SSP-PCR) (n = 200) for 450 samples of DNA (n = 50) and blood (n = 400) from a hematology laboratory.",
"LAMP results showed 100% concordance with both SBT and SSP-PCR results, confirming that LAMP detection of a specific HLA genotype (B*1502 in this case) is an accurate method. All results were available within 1 h."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Alleles",
"DNA",
"Genotype",
"HLA Antigens",
"HLA-B Antigens",
"Humans",
"Molecular Diagnostic Techniques",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Stevens-Johnson Syndrome",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Our study confirmed that the new LAMP method for detecting a specific HLA genotype is simple, inexpensive, accurate, and rapid, and may be of help in overcoming barriers in effective clinical practice. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does new testing approach in HLA genotyping help overcome barriers in effective clinical practice?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Severe and potentially fatal hypersensitivity reactions to drugs, particularly antiepileptics, are clinically unpredictable. Recent evidence has revealed a strong and specific association between the implicated drug, the type of adverse reaction, and the particular HLA genotype. An urgent need exists for rapid diagnosis of HLA status to guide drug prescription; however, traditional HLA genotyping has a long turnaround time, is expensive, and is available only in specialized centers. We tested the feasibility of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based approach to detect a specific HLA genotype. As an example, we used B*1502, an HLA allele strongly associated with carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, and validated the assay's application as a simple, accurate, rapid, and low-cost blood test for use in both clinical and bedside settings.\", 'We evaluated B*1502 status with the new LAMP method and compared the results with those obtained by sequence-based typing (SBT) (n = 250) and by sequence-specific primer PCR (SSP-PCR) (n = 200) for 450 samples of DNA (n = 50) and blood (n = 400) from a hematology laboratory.', 'LAMP results showed 100% concordance with both SBT and SSP-PCR results, confirming that LAMP detection of a specific HLA genotype (B*1502 in this case) is an accurate method. All results were available within 1 h.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Alleles', 'DNA', 'Genotype', 'HLA Antigens', 'HLA-B Antigens', 'Humans', 'Molecular Diagnostic Techniques', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Stevens-Johnson Syndrome', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,602 | Is the electric field a sufficient physical determinant of the human magnetic sense? | {
"contexts": [
"The onset and offset of weak low-frequency magnetic fields triggered evoked potentials in human subjects that could be detected using nonlinear analysis, but not by means of time averaging. Because the magnetic fields and their induced electric fields were both present in the brain, their respective role in producing the effect on brain activity could not be ascertained. We inquired whether a biophysical coupling mechanism involving only the electric field could explain the occurrence of the brain potentials.",
"An external electric field capable of producing a brain electric field comparable to that induced by the magnetic stimuli was identified by finite-element analysis. The electroencephalogram from 23 subjects was measured from six scalp derivations in the presence and absence of the external electric field, and the presence of evoked potentials was assessed using nonlinear and linear analyses.",
"Evoked potentials were observed in all but one subject (p < 0.05 in each subject); the potentials had the same latency, duration, and distribution of magnitudes as seen in the earlier studies, and were detectable only by means of nonlinear analysis. Using a realistic physical model of an ion channel, we showed that transduction of an electric field could be explained by assuming that the field exerted a force on glycocalyx molecules attached to a channel gate."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Electroencephalography",
"Electromagnetic Fields",
"Evoked Potentials",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetics",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Sensation"
]
} | The evoked potentials described here, as well as those observed previously in response to magnetic stimuli, were probably triggered by the induced electric field. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the electric field a sufficient physical determinant of the human magnetic sense?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The onset and offset of weak low-frequency magnetic fields triggered evoked potentials in human subjects that could be detected using nonlinear analysis, but not by means of time averaging. Because the magnetic fields and their induced electric fields were both present in the brain, their respective role in producing the effect on brain activity could not be ascertained. We inquired whether a biophysical coupling mechanism involving only the electric field could explain the occurrence of the brain potentials.', 'An external electric field capable of producing a brain electric field comparable to that induced by the magnetic stimuli was identified by finite-element analysis. The electroencephalogram from 23 subjects was measured from six scalp derivations in the presence and absence of the external electric field, and the presence of evoked potentials was assessed using nonlinear and linear analyses.', 'Evoked potentials were observed in all but one subject (p < 0.05 in each subject); the potentials had the same latency, duration, and distribution of magnitudes as seen in the earlier studies, and were detectable only by means of nonlinear analysis. Using a realistic physical model of an ion channel, we showed that transduction of an electric field could be explained by assuming that the field exerted a force on glycocalyx molecules attached to a channel gate.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Electroencephalography', 'Electromagnetic Fields', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetics', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sensation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,294 | Does physical activity attenuate the body mass index-increasing influence of genetic variation in the FTO gene? | {
"contexts": [
"Intronic variation in the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene has been unequivocally associated with increased body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and the risk of obesity in populations of different ethnicity.",
"We examined whether this robust genetic predisposition to obesity can be attenuated by being more physically active.",
"The FTO variant rs1121980 was genotyped in 20,374 participants (39-79 y of age) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk Study, an ethnically homogeneous population-based cohort. Physical activity (PA) was assessed with a validated self-reported questionnaire. The interaction between rs1121980 and PA on BMI and waist circumference (WC) was examined by including the interaction term in mixed-effect models.",
"We confirmed that the risk (T) allele of rs1121980 was significantly associated with BMI (0.31-unit increase per allele; P < 0.001) and WC (0.77-cm increase per allele; P < 0.001). The PA level attenuated the effect of rs1121980 on BMI and WC; ie, whereas in active individuals the risk allele increased BMI by 0.25 per allele, the increase in BMI was significantly (P for interaction = 0.004) more pronounced (76%) in inactive individuals (0.44 per risk allele). We observed similar effects for WC (P for interaction = 0.02): the risk allele increased WC by 1.04 cm per allele in inactive individuals but by only 0.64 cm in active individuals."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Alleles",
"Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO",
"Body Mass Index",
"Cohort Studies",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genetic Variation",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Proteins",
"Waist Circumference"
]
} | Our results showed that PA attenuates the effect of the FTO rs1121980 genotype on BMI and WC. This observation has important public health implications because we showed that a genetic susceptibility to obesity induced by FTO variation can be overcome, at least in part, by adopting a physically active lifestyle. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does physical activity attenuate the body mass index-increasing influence of genetic variation in the FTO gene?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Intronic variation in the FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene has been unequivocally associated with increased body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) and the risk of obesity in populations of different ethnicity.', 'We examined whether this robust genetic predisposition to obesity can be attenuated by being more physically active.', 'The FTO variant rs1121980 was genotyped in 20,374 participants (39-79 y of age) from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk Study, an ethnically homogeneous population-based cohort. Physical activity (PA) was assessed with a validated self-reported questionnaire. The interaction between rs1121980 and PA on BMI and waist circumference (WC) was examined by including the interaction term in mixed-effect models.', 'We confirmed that the risk (T) allele of rs1121980 was significantly associated with BMI (0.31-unit increase per allele; P < 0.001) and WC (0.77-cm increase per allele; P < 0.001). The PA level attenuated the effect of rs1121980 on BMI and WC; ie, whereas in active individuals the risk allele increased BMI by 0.25 per allele, the increase in BMI was significantly (P for interaction = 0.004) more pronounced (76%) in inactive individuals (0.44 per risk allele). We observed similar effects for WC (P for interaction = 0.02): the risk allele increased WC by 1.04 cm per allele in inactive individuals but by only 0.64 cm in active individuals.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Alleles', 'Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cohort Studies', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genetic Variation', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Proteins', 'Waist Circumference']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,295 | Does lysine ingestion markedly attenuate the glucose response to ingested glucose without a change in insulin response? | {
"contexts": [
"Ingested proteins are known to stimulate a rise in insulin and glucagon concentrations. In our effort to explain this effect, we have begun to measure the effect of individual amino acids.",
"The objectives were to determine the effect of lysine ingestion on insulin and glucagon concentrations and whether the effect is moderated by glucose ingestion.",
"Thirteen healthy subjects were studied on 4 occasions. Water, 25 g glucose, 1 mmol lysine/kg lean body mass, or lysine plus glucose was given on separate occasions at 0800 after a 12-h fast. Serum lysine, glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured during a 2.5-h period. The amount of lysine provided was equivalent to that present in a 672-g (24-oz) steak.",
"Lysine ingestion resulted in an approximately 3-fold increase in lysine concentration and in a small decrease in glucose concentration. When lysine was ingested with glucose, the 2.5-h glucose area response decreased by 44% (P < 0.02). Lysine alone increased the insulin area response modestly; the insulin increase when lysine was ingested with glucose was similar to that when only glucose was ingested. Lysine stimulated an increase in glucagon (P < 0.02), whereas glucose decreased glucagon."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Area Under Curve",
"Blood Glucose",
"Cross-Over Studies",
"Drug Synergism",
"Fasting",
"Female",
"Glucagon",
"Glucose",
"Humans",
"Insulin",
"Lysine",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Satiation",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Lysine ingestion results in a small decrease in serum glucose and an increase in glucagon and insulin concentrations. Lysine ingested with glucose dramatically attenuated the glucose-stimulated glucose response, but there was no change in insulin response. Whether similar effects will be observed with more physiologic doses of lysine remains to be determined. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does lysine ingestion markedly attenuate the glucose response to ingested glucose without a change in insulin response?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Ingested proteins are known to stimulate a rise in insulin and glucagon concentrations. In our effort to explain this effect, we have begun to measure the effect of individual amino acids.', 'The objectives were to determine the effect of lysine ingestion on insulin and glucagon concentrations and whether the effect is moderated by glucose ingestion.', 'Thirteen healthy subjects were studied on 4 occasions. Water, 25 g glucose, 1 mmol lysine/kg lean body mass, or lysine plus glucose was given on separate occasions at 0800 after a 12-h fast. Serum lysine, glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured during a 2.5-h period. The amount of lysine provided was equivalent to that present in a 672-g (24-oz) steak.', 'Lysine ingestion resulted in an approximately 3-fold increase in lysine concentration and in a small decrease in glucose concentration. When lysine was ingested with glucose, the 2.5-h glucose area response decreased by 44% (P < 0.02). Lysine alone increased the insulin area response modestly; the insulin increase when lysine was ingested with glucose was similar to that when only glucose was ingested. Lysine stimulated an increase in glucagon (P < 0.02), whereas glucose decreased glucagon.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Area Under Curve', 'Blood Glucose', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Drug Synergism', 'Fasting', 'Female', 'Glucagon', 'Glucose', 'Humans', 'Insulin', 'Lysine', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Satiation', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,297 | Is an obesogenic postnatal environment more important than the fetal environment for the development of adult adiposity : a study of female twins? | {
"contexts": [
"A relation between birth weight and adult body composition has been reported in singleton populations, especially when more accurate measures of body composition, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used. It remains uncertain whether this is mediated by a direct effect of fetal nutrition, through factors in the shared environment, or through genetic factors.",
"The objective was to investigate the relation between birth weight and body composition with the use of a co-twin design.",
"DXA measurements and birth weights were available for 2228 dizygotic and 842 monozygotic female twins aged between 18 and 80 y. Multivariate regression models were used to identify both individual specific relations and those mediated through the shared environment.",
"Significant relations were found between birth weight and DXA measures for individuals. A 1-kg increase in birth weight was associated with a 1.72-kg increase in lean mass, a 0.25-kg increase in fat mass, and a 0.05-unit increase in the lean:fat mass ratio. Within twin pairs, the analysis showed that associations between birth weight and absolute levels of lean and fat mass were mediated through individual-specific effects, whereas the relation between birth weight and the proportion of lean to fat mass was mediated purely through factors common to twin pairs."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Absorptiometry, Photon",
"Adipose Tissue",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Birth Weight",
"Body Composition",
"Diet",
"Environmental Exposure",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Obesity",
"Pregnancy",
"Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects",
"Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena",
"Twins, Dizygotic",
"Twins, Monozygotic",
"United Kingdom",
"Young Adult"
]
} | A higher birth weight is associated with a higher proportion of lean to fat mass as adults. However, these analyses suggest that this association is not determined by individual specific factors in utero (eg, fetal nutrition) but through factors in the shared common environment of the twins. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is an obesogenic postnatal environment more important than the fetal environment for the development of adult adiposity : a study of female twins?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A relation between birth weight and adult body composition has been reported in singleton populations, especially when more accurate measures of body composition, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used. It remains uncertain whether this is mediated by a direct effect of fetal nutrition, through factors in the shared environment, or through genetic factors.', 'The objective was to investigate the relation between birth weight and body composition with the use of a co-twin design.', 'DXA measurements and birth weights were available for 2228 dizygotic and 842 monozygotic female twins aged between 18 and 80 y. Multivariate regression models were used to identify both individual specific relations and those mediated through the shared environment.', 'Significant relations were found between birth weight and DXA measures for individuals. A 1-kg increase in birth weight was associated with a 1.72-kg increase in lean mass, a 0.25-kg increase in fat mass, and a 0.05-unit increase in the lean:fat mass ratio. Within twin pairs, the analysis showed that associations between birth weight and absolute levels of lean and fat mass were mediated through individual-specific effects, whereas the relation between birth weight and the proportion of lean to fat mass was mediated purely through factors common to twin pairs.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adipose Tissue', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Birth Weight', 'Body Composition', 'Diet', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Obesity', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects', 'Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Twins, Dizygotic', 'Twins, Monozygotic', 'United Kingdom', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,208 | Does a yearlong exercise intervention decrease CRP among obese postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of a yearlong moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention on C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) among overweight or obese postmenopausal women.",
"In a randomized controlled trial, 115 postmenopausal, overweight or obese, sedentary women, aged 50-75 yr were randomized to an aerobic exercise intervention of moderate-intensity (60%-75% observed maximal HR), for > or = 45 min x d(-1), 5 d x wk (n = 53), or to a 1-d x wk(-1) stretching control (n = 62), on an intent-to-treat basis. CRP, SAA, and IL-6 were measured at baseline, at 3 months, and at 12 months.",
"From baseline to 12 months, CRP decreased 10% in exercisers and increased 12% in controls (P = 0.01); no effects were observed for SAA and IL-6. Among participants at baseline who were obese (body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 kg x m(-2)) or had abdominal obesity (waist circumference (WC) > or = 88 cm), exercise resulted in a more pronounced reduction in CRP (BMI > or = 30 kg x m(-2), P = 0.002; WC > or = 88 cm, P < 0.0001), borderline for SAA (BMI > or = 30 kg x m(-2), P = 0.08; WC > or = 88 cm, P = 0.04); no intervention effects were observed among women who did not have these characteristics. Overall, weight loss was minimal in the exercise intervention ( approximately 1.8 kg). Linear trends were observed between CRP and 12-month changes in aerobic fitness (Ptrend = 0.006), exercise adherence (Ptrend = 0.004), percentage body fat (Ptrend = 0.002), body weight (Ptrend = 0.002), WC (Ptrend = 0.02), and intra-abdominal fat (Ptrend = 0.03)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Anthropometry",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Exercise Therapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"Postmenopause",
"Serum Amyloid A Protein"
]
} | A moderate-intensity exercise intervention reduced CRP for 12 months among women who were obese at baseline. These findings support the role of exercise in modulating inflammatory processes that are related to increased risk of chronic disease among obese women. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a yearlong exercise intervention decrease CRP among obese postmenopausal women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the effect of a yearlong moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention on C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) among overweight or obese postmenopausal women.', 'In a randomized controlled trial, 115 postmenopausal, overweight or obese, sedentary women, aged 50-75 yr were randomized to an aerobic exercise intervention of moderate-intensity (60%-75% observed maximal HR), for > or = 45 min x d(-1), 5 d x wk (n = 53), or to a 1-d x wk(-1) stretching control (n = 62), on an intent-to-treat basis. CRP, SAA, and IL-6 were measured at baseline, at 3 months, and at 12 months.', 'From baseline to 12 months, CRP decreased 10% in exercisers and increased 12% in controls (P = 0.01); no effects were observed for SAA and IL-6. Among participants at baseline who were obese (body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 kg x m(-2)) or had abdominal obesity (waist circumference (WC) > or = 88 cm), exercise resulted in a more pronounced reduction in CRP (BMI > or = 30 kg x m(-2), P = 0.002; WC > or = 88 cm, P < 0.0001), borderline for SAA (BMI > or = 30 kg x m(-2), P = 0.08; WC > or = 88 cm, P = 0.04); no intervention effects were observed among women who did not have these characteristics. Overall, weight loss was minimal in the exercise intervention ( approximately 1.8 kg). Linear trends were observed between CRP and 12-month changes in aerobic fitness (Ptrend = 0.006), exercise adherence (Ptrend = 0.004), percentage body fat (Ptrend = 0.002), body weight (Ptrend = 0.002), WC (Ptrend = 0.02), and intra-abdominal fat (Ptrend = 0.03).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Anthropometry', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Postmenopause', 'Serum Amyloid A Protein']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,724 | Is helicobacter pylori coinfection a confounder , modulating mucosal inflammation in oral submucous fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"The oral cavity has been considered a potential reservoir for Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) , from where the organism causes recurrent gastric infections.",
"With this case-control study we tried to evaluate the role of H pylori in the etiology of mucosal inflammation, a condition that compounds the morbid state associated with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).",
"Subjects ( n = 150) were selected following institutional regulations on sample collection and grouped into test cases and positive and negative controls based on the presence of mucosal fibrosis and inflammation. The negative controls had none of the clinical signs. All patients underwent an oral examination as well as tests to assess oral hygiene/periodontal disease status; a rapid urease test (RUT) of plaque samples was also done to estimate the H pylori bacterial load. We used univariate and mutivariate logistic regression for statistical analysis of the data and calculated the odds ratios to assess the risk posed by the different variables.",
"The RUT results differed significantly between the groups, reflecting the variations in the bacterial loads in each category. The test was positive in 52% in the positive controls (where nonspecific inflammation of oral mucosa was seen unassociated with fibrosis), in 46% of the test cases, and in 18% of the negative controls (healthy volunteers) (chi2 = 13.887; P < 0.01). A positive correlation was seen between the oral hygiene/periodontal disease indices and RUT reactivity in all the three groups."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Case-Control Studies",
"Colony Count, Microbial",
"Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)",
"Dental Caries",
"Dental Plaque",
"Diabetes Complications",
"Dyspepsia",
"Female",
"Glossitis",
"Helicobacter Infections",
"Helicobacter pylori",
"Humans",
"Hypertension",
"Male",
"Oral Hygiene Index",
"Oral Submucous Fibrosis",
"Periodontal Attachment Loss",
"Periodontal Index",
"Periodontal Pocket",
"Stomatitis",
"Urease"
]
} | The contribution of the H pylori in dental plaque to mucosal inflammation and periodontal disease was significant. Logistic regression analysis showed gastrointestinal disease and poor oral hygiene as being the greatest risk factors for bacterial colonization, irrespective of the subject groups. A positive correlation exists between RUT reactivity and the frequency of mucosal inflammation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is helicobacter pylori coinfection a confounder , modulating mucosal inflammation in oral submucous fibrosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The oral cavity has been considered a potential reservoir for Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) , from where the organism causes recurrent gastric infections.', 'With this case-control study we tried to evaluate the role of H pylori in the etiology of mucosal inflammation, a condition that compounds the morbid state associated with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).', 'Subjects ( n = 150) were selected following institutional regulations on sample collection and grouped into test cases and positive and negative controls based on the presence of mucosal fibrosis and inflammation. The negative controls had none of the clinical signs. All patients underwent an oral examination as well as tests to assess oral hygiene/periodontal disease status; a rapid urease test (RUT) of plaque samples was also done to estimate the H pylori bacterial load. We used univariate and mutivariate logistic regression for statistical analysis of the data and calculated the odds ratios to assess the risk posed by the different variables.', 'The RUT results differed significantly between the groups, reflecting the variations in the bacterial loads in each category. The test was positive in 52% in the positive controls (where nonspecific inflammation of oral mucosa was seen unassociated with fibrosis), in 46% of the test cases, and in 18% of the negative controls (healthy volunteers) (chi2 = 13.887; P < 0.01). A positive correlation was seen between the oral hygiene/periodontal disease indices and RUT reactivity in all the three groups.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Case-Control Studies', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)', 'Dental Caries', 'Dental Plaque', 'Diabetes Complications', 'Dyspepsia', 'Female', 'Glossitis', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Oral Hygiene Index', 'Oral Submucous Fibrosis', 'Periodontal Attachment Loss', 'Periodontal Index', 'Periodontal Pocket', 'Stomatitis', 'Urease']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,081 | Does a common variant in the adiponutrin gene influence liver enzyme values? | {
"contexts": [
"Two recent genome-wide association studies identified the liver expressed transmembrane protein adiponutrin to be associated with liver related phenotypes such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver function enzymes. These associations were not uniformly reported for various ethnicities. The aim of this study was to investigate a common non-synonymous variant within adiponutrin (rs738409, exon 3) with parameters of liver function in three independent West Eurasian study populations including a total of 4290 participants.",
"The study was performed in (1) the population based Bruneck Study (n=783), (2) the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk Study from Austria based on a healthy working population (n=1705), and the Utah Obesity Case-Control Study including a group of 1019 severely obese individuals (average body mass index 46.0 kg/m(2)) and 783 controls from the same geographical region of Utah. Liver enzymes measured were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).",
"A strong recessive association of this polymorphism was found with age and gender adjusted ALT and AST concentrations: being homozygous for the minor allele resulted in a highly significant increase of ALT concentration of 3.53 U/l (p=1.86 x 10(-9)) and of AST concentration of 2.07 U/l (p=9.58 x 10(-6)), respectively. The associations were consistently found in all three study populations."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alanine Transaminase",
"Aspartate Aminotransferases",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genome-Wide Association Study",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Lipase",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Obesity",
"gamma-Glutamyltransferase"
]
} | The highly significant associations of this transversion polymorphism within the adiponutrin gene with increased ALT and AST concentrations support a role for adiponutrin as a susceptibility gene for hepatic dysfunction. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a common variant in the adiponutrin gene influence liver enzyme values?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Two recent genome-wide association studies identified the liver expressed transmembrane protein adiponutrin to be associated with liver related phenotypes such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver function enzymes. These associations were not uniformly reported for various ethnicities. The aim of this study was to investigate a common non-synonymous variant within adiponutrin (rs738409, exon 3) with parameters of liver function in three independent West Eurasian study populations including a total of 4290 participants.', 'The study was performed in (1) the population based Bruneck Study (n=783), (2) the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk Study from Austria based on a healthy working population (n=1705), and the Utah Obesity Case-Control Study including a group of 1019 severely obese individuals (average body mass index 46.0 kg/m(2)) and 783 controls from the same geographical region of Utah. Liver enzymes measured were alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).', 'A strong recessive association of this polymorphism was found with age and gender adjusted ALT and AST concentrations: being homozygous for the minor allele resulted in a highly significant increase of ALT concentration of 3.53 U/l (p=1.86 x 10(-9)) and of AST concentration of 2.07 U/l (p=9.58 x 10(-6)), respectively. The associations were consistently found in all three study populations.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alanine Transaminase', 'Aspartate Aminotransferases', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Lipase', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,550,433 | Is dietary fibre intake inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness : a cross-sectional assessment in the PREDIMED study? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the association between the intake of dietary fibre and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.",
"Baseline cross-sectional assessment of 457 men and women (average age 67 years) from two different Spanish centres of the PREDIMED trial. A previously validated food frequency questionnaire (137 food items) was administered by trained dieticians in a face-to-face interview. Mean common carotid IMT was measured using B-mode ultrasound imaging of the right and left carotid arteries by four certified sonographers who used a common protocol. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed and samples of fasting blood were obtained. Participants were categorized into four groups (roughly quartiles: < or =21; >21 to < or =25; >25 to < or =31 and >31 g/day) of energy-adjusted intake of dietary fibre. Multiple linear regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, centre, smoking, body mass index, diabetes, blood pressure, lipid levels and statin use.",
"In the crude analyses, energy-adjusted fibre intake showed a significant inverse correlation with IMT (r=-0.27, P<0.001). In multivariate analyses, a modest, though statistically significant (P=0.03) inverse association between energy-adjusted fibre intake and IMT was also found. The multivariate-adjusted difference in average IMT was -0.051 mm (95% confidence interval: -0.094 to-0.009, P=0.02) for participants whose intake was >35 g/day, (n=47) when compared with those whose intake was <25 g/day (n=224)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Cardiovascular Diseases",
"Carotid Arteries",
"Diet, Mediterranean",
"Dietary Fiber",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Tunica Intima",
"Ultrasonography"
]
} | Our results suggest that high fibre intake is inversely associated with carotid atherosclerosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is dietary fibre intake inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness : a cross-sectional assessment in the PREDIMED study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To assess the association between the intake of dietary fibre and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.', 'Baseline cross-sectional assessment of 457 men and women (average age 67 years) from two different Spanish centres of the PREDIMED trial. A previously validated food frequency questionnaire (137 food items) was administered by trained dieticians in a face-to-face interview. Mean common carotid IMT was measured using B-mode ultrasound imaging of the right and left carotid arteries by four certified sonographers who used a common protocol. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed and samples of fasting blood were obtained. Participants were categorized into four groups (roughly quartiles: < or =21; >21 to < or =25; >25 to < or =31 and >31 g/day) of energy-adjusted intake of dietary fibre. Multiple linear regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, centre, smoking, body mass index, diabetes, blood pressure, lipid levels and statin use.', 'In the crude analyses, energy-adjusted fibre intake showed a significant inverse correlation with IMT (r=-0.27, P<0.001). In multivariate analyses, a modest, though statistically significant (P=0.03) inverse association between energy-adjusted fibre intake and IMT was also found. The multivariate-adjusted difference in average IMT was -0.051 mm (95% confidence interval: -0.094 to-0.009, P=0.02) for participants whose intake was >35 g/day, (n=47) when compared with those whose intake was <25 g/day (n=224).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Diet, Mediterranean', 'Dietary Fiber', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Tunica Intima', 'Ultrasonography']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,890 | Does lactobacillus fermentum BCS87 express mucus- and mucin-binding proteins on the cell surface? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify and characterize adhesion-associated proteins in the potential probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum BCS87.",
"Protein suspensions obtained from the treatment of Lact. fermentum BCS87 with 1 mol 1(-1) LiCl were analysed by Western blotting using HRP-labelled porcine mucus and mucin. Two adhesion-associated proteins with relative molecular weight of 29 and 32 kDa were identified. The N-terminal and internal peptides of the 32 kDa protein (32-Mmubp) were sequenced, and the corresponding gene (32-mmub) was found by inverse polymerase chain reaction. The complete nucleotide sequence of 32-mmub revealed an open reading frame of 903 bp encoding a primary protein of 300 amino acids and a mature protein of 272 residues. A basic local alignment search showed 47-99% identity to solute-binding components of ATP binding cassette transporter proteins in Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Clostridium. An OpuAC-conserved domain was identified and phylogenetic relationship analysis confirmed that 32-Mmubp belongs to the OpuAC family."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters",
"Adhesins, Bacterial",
"Amino Acid Sequence",
"Base Sequence",
"Blotting, Western",
"Lactobacillus fermentum",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Mucins",
"Mucus",
"Open Reading Frames",
"Probiotics"
]
} | Adhesion of Lact. fermentum BCS87 appeared to be mediated by two surface-associated proteins. 32-Mmubp is a component of ABC transporter system that also functions as an adhesin. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does lactobacillus fermentum BCS87 express mucus- and mucin-binding proteins on the cell surface?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To identify and characterize adhesion-associated proteins in the potential probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum BCS87.', 'Protein suspensions obtained from the treatment of Lact. fermentum BCS87 with 1 mol 1(-1) LiCl were analysed by Western blotting using HRP-labelled porcine mucus and mucin. Two adhesion-associated proteins with relative molecular weight of 29 and 32 kDa were identified. The N-terminal and internal peptides of the 32 kDa protein (32-Mmubp) were sequenced, and the corresponding gene (32-mmub) was found by inverse polymerase chain reaction. The complete nucleotide sequence of 32-mmub revealed an open reading frame of 903 bp encoding a primary protein of 300 amino acids and a mature protein of 272 residues. A basic local alignment search showed 47-99% identity to solute-binding components of ATP binding cassette transporter proteins in Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Clostridium. An OpuAC-conserved domain was identified and phylogenetic relationship analysis confirmed that 32-Mmubp belongs to the OpuAC family.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Adhesins, Bacterial', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Western', 'Lactobacillus fermentum', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mucins', 'Mucus', 'Open Reading Frames', 'Probiotics']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,427 | Does early low protein diet aggravate unbalance between antioxidant enzymes leading to islet dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"Islets from adult rat possess weak antioxidant defense leading to unbalance between superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hydrogen peroxide-inactivating enzymatic activities, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) rending them susceptible to oxidative stress. We have shown that this vulnerability is influenced by maternal diet during gestation and lactation.",
"The present study investigated if low antioxidant activity in islets is already observed at birth and if maternal protein restriction influences the development of islet antioxidant defenses. Rats were fed a control diet (C group) or a low protein diet during gestation (LP) or until weaning (LPT), after which offspring received the control diet. We found that antioxidant enzymatic activities varied with age. At birth and after weaning, normal islets possessed an efficient GPX activity. However, the antioxidant capacity decreased thereafter increasing the potential vulnerability to oxidative stress. Maternal protein malnutrition changed the antioxidant enzymatic activities in islets of the progeny. At 3 months, SOD activity was increased in LP and LPT islets with no concomitant activation of CAT and GPX. This unbalance could lead to higher hydrogen peroxide production, which may concur to oxidative stress causing defective insulin gene expression due to modification of critical factors that modulate the insulin promoter. We found indeed that insulin mRNA level was reduced in both groups of malnourished offspring compared to controls. Analyzing the expression of such critical factors, we found that c-Myc expression was strongly increased in islets from both protein-restricted groups compared to controls."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Body Weight",
"Catalase",
"Dietary Proteins",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Genes, myc",
"Glutathione Peroxidase",
"Insulin",
"Islets of Langerhans",
"Litter Size",
"Peroxiredoxins",
"Rats"
]
} | Modification in antioxidant activity by maternal low protein diet could predispose to pancreatic islet dysfunction later in life and provide new insights to define a molecular mechanism responsible for intrauterine programming of endocrine pancreas. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does early low protein diet aggravate unbalance between antioxidant enzymes leading to islet dysfunction?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Islets from adult rat possess weak antioxidant defense leading to unbalance between superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hydrogen peroxide-inactivating enzymatic activities, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) rending them susceptible to oxidative stress. We have shown that this vulnerability is influenced by maternal diet during gestation and lactation.', 'The present study investigated if low antioxidant activity in islets is already observed at birth and if maternal protein restriction influences the development of islet antioxidant defenses. Rats were fed a control diet (C group) or a low protein diet during gestation (LP) or until weaning (LPT), after which offspring received the control diet. We found that antioxidant enzymatic activities varied with age. At birth and after weaning, normal islets possessed an efficient GPX activity. However, the antioxidant capacity decreased thereafter increasing the potential vulnerability to oxidative stress. Maternal protein malnutrition changed the antioxidant enzymatic activities in islets of the progeny. At 3 months, SOD activity was increased in LP and LPT islets with no concomitant activation of CAT and GPX. This unbalance could lead to higher hydrogen peroxide production, which may concur to oxidative stress causing defective insulin gene expression due to modification of critical factors that modulate the insulin promoter. We found indeed that insulin mRNA level was reduced in both groups of malnourished offspring compared to controls. Analyzing the expression of such critical factors, we found that c-Myc expression was strongly increased in islets from both protein-restricted groups compared to controls.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Body Weight', 'Catalase', 'Dietary Proteins', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Genes, myc', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Insulin', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Litter Size', 'Peroxiredoxins', 'Rats']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,703 | Is disagreement in preference for residential care between family caregivers and elders greater among cognitively impaired elders group than cognitively intact elders group? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined the predictive factors of preference for residential care in cognitively intact and impaired elders and their family caregivers. It was hypothesized that disagreement in preference for residential care between the elders and their caregivers was greater in the cognitively impaired.",
"A cross-sectional survey was conducted during June 2007 to March 2008 in Hong Kong, and 707 community-dwelling elders aged 65 and above and 705 family caregivers were interviewed. Cognitively impaired elders were over-sampled to give reliable estimates for that sub-group. A structural questionnaire was used to collect data on preference for residential care and potential factors. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictors.",
"More cognitively impaired elder-caregiver dyads (37.4%) had disagreement in preference for residential care than cognitively intact elder-caregiver dyads (20.5%) (p < .001). From the elders' perspective, less preference for residential care was associated with cognitive impairment, whereas greater preference was associated with depression (for cognitively intact elders), more usage of community service and functional impairment. From the caregivers' perspective, greater preference for residential care was associated with greater caregiver burden, or care-recipients having cognitive or functional impairment, or more usage of community services."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Caregivers",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Decision Making",
"Female",
"Homes for the Aged",
"Hong Kong",
"Humans",
"Institutionalization",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Patient Acceptance of Health Care",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Cognitively intact elders were more likely to indicate preference for residential care than cognitively impaired elders. Elders, both cognitively intact and impaired, were less likely than their caregivers to indicate preference for residential care. Disagreement in preference for residential care between the elders and their caregivers was larger for the cognitively impaired group than the cognitively intact group. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is disagreement in preference for residential care between family caregivers and elders greater among cognitively impaired elders group than cognitively intact elders group?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study examined the predictive factors of preference for residential care in cognitively intact and impaired elders and their family caregivers. It was hypothesized that disagreement in preference for residential care between the elders and their caregivers was greater in the cognitively impaired.', 'A cross-sectional survey was conducted during June 2007 to March 2008 in Hong Kong, and 707 community-dwelling elders aged 65 and above and 705 family caregivers were interviewed. Cognitively impaired elders were over-sampled to give reliable estimates for that sub-group. A structural questionnaire was used to collect data on preference for residential care and potential factors. Logistic regression was used to identify the predictors.', \"More cognitively impaired elder-caregiver dyads (37.4%) had disagreement in preference for residential care than cognitively intact elder-caregiver dyads (20.5%) (p < .001). From the elders' perspective, less preference for residential care was associated with cognitive impairment, whereas greater preference was associated with depression (for cognitively intact elders), more usage of community service and functional impairment. From the caregivers' perspective, greater preference for residential care was associated with greater caregiver burden, or care-recipients having cognitive or functional impairment, or more usage of community services.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Caregivers', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Decision Making', 'Female', 'Homes for the Aged', 'Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Institutionalization', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,848 | Are hER1-4 protein concentrations in normal breast tissue from breast cancer patients expressed by the same profile as in the malignant tissue? | {
"contexts": [
"The epidermal growth factor receptor HER2 is overexpressed or amplified in 25%-30% of patients with breast cancer. The mechanism behind HER2 amplification is unknown, but may be a patho-physiological phenomenon caused by continuous stimulation and activation of the HER1-4 system. We have mapped the protein concentrations of HER1-4 in breast cancer tissue, autologous reference tissue, normal breast tissue and serum samples, to see whether non-cancer cells from these patients express a protein profile indicating general activation.",
"Tissue samples from malignant and adjacent normal breast tissue (autologous reference tissue) were collected from 118 women consecutively admitted for surgical treatment of breast cancer. In addition, 26 samples of normal breast tissue were collected from healthy women having breast reduction surgery. The tissue samples were homogenized and the proteins extracted. The tissue and serum concentrations of HER1-4 were determined quantitatively using a commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.",
"HER1 was down regulated in cancer tissue when compared to autologous reference tissue (p=8 x 10(-6)), while HER2 (p<10(-7)) and HER3 (p=3 x 10(-5)) were up regulated. Comparing autologous reference tissue with normal tissue showed down regulation of HER1 (p=0.122) and up regulation of HER2 (p=10(-6)), HER3 (p<10(-7)) and HER4 (p<10(-7)). Furthermore, we observed that correlations between the receptor combinations HER1-2, HER1-3 and HER1-4 were maintained from normal breast tissue to autologous reference breast tissue, but were lost in cancer tissue."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Breast",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Down-Regulation",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"ErbB Receptors",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Middle Aged",
"Receptor, ErbB-2",
"Receptor, ErbB-3",
"Receptor, ErbB-4",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | We suggest that these findings indicate that breast cancer is a systemic disease where the HER1-4 system in autologous reference tissue is continuously activated, thus favoring the subsequent development of cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are hER1-4 protein concentrations in normal breast tissue from breast cancer patients expressed by the same profile as in the malignant tissue?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The epidermal growth factor receptor HER2 is overexpressed or amplified in 25%-30% of patients with breast cancer. The mechanism behind HER2 amplification is unknown, but may be a patho-physiological phenomenon caused by continuous stimulation and activation of the HER1-4 system. We have mapped the protein concentrations of HER1-4 in breast cancer tissue, autologous reference tissue, normal breast tissue and serum samples, to see whether non-cancer cells from these patients express a protein profile indicating general activation.', 'Tissue samples from malignant and adjacent normal breast tissue (autologous reference tissue) were collected from 118 women consecutively admitted for surgical treatment of breast cancer. In addition, 26 samples of normal breast tissue were collected from healthy women having breast reduction surgery. The tissue samples were homogenized and the proteins extracted. The tissue and serum concentrations of HER1-4 were determined quantitatively using a commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.', 'HER1 was down regulated in cancer tissue when compared to autologous reference tissue (p=8 x 10(-6)), while HER2 (p<10(-7)) and HER3 (p=3 x 10(-5)) were up regulated. Comparing autologous reference tissue with normal tissue showed down regulation of HER1 (p=0.122) and up regulation of HER2 (p=10(-6)), HER3 (p<10(-7)) and HER4 (p<10(-7)). Furthermore, we observed that correlations between the receptor combinations HER1-2, HER1-3 and HER1-4 were maintained from normal breast tissue to autologous reference breast tissue, but were lost in cancer tissue.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Down-Regulation', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Receptor, ErbB-3', 'Receptor, ErbB-4', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,539,205 | Is interstitial cystitis an etiology of chronic pelvic pain in young women? | {
"contexts": [
"The prevalence of interstitial cystitis (IC) in young women, especially in those 18 years old or younger, is not well defined. This case series was performed to investigate IC as a cause of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in young women.",
"Case series.",
"University medical center.",
"Twenty-eight women with CPP, ages 13 to 25, who underwent concomitant laparoscopy and cystoscopy.",
"All subjects underwent concomitant diagnostic laparoscopy and cystoscopy with hydrodistension for evaluation of CPP. Charts were reviewed to discern preoperative symptoms, operative findings, and postoperative diagnoses.",
"Diagnosis of IC based on symptoms and cystoscopic findings.",
"All 28 women had CPP, 23 (82%) had dysmenorrhea, and 12 of 25 (48%) sexually active subjects had dyspareunia. Twenty-six subjects (93%) had urinary symptoms including frequency (75%), nocturia (32%), urgency (25%), and dysuria (18%). Eleven (39%) subjects were diagnosed with IC and 18 (64%) with endometriosis, including 7 (25%) subjects with both IC and endometriosis. Laparoscopic findings were normal in 6 (21%) subjects. Of the 26 subjects with urinary symptoms, 21 (81%) had findings on laparoscopy or cystoscopy. In this cohort of young women with chronic pelvic pain, urinary frequency and dyspareunia were significantly associated with the diagnosis of IC."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Chronic Disease",
"Cohort Studies",
"Cystitis, Interstitial",
"Dyspareunia",
"Endometriosis",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Pelvic Pain",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Urination Disorders",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The results of this study suggest that interstitial cystitis is an etiology of CPP in young women. Evaluation of the bladder as an origin of pelvic pain is warranted in young women with CPP and urinary frequency or dyspareunia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is interstitial cystitis an etiology of chronic pelvic pain in young women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The prevalence of interstitial cystitis (IC) in young women, especially in those 18 years old or younger, is not well defined. This case series was performed to investigate IC as a cause of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in young women.', 'Case series.', 'University medical center.', 'Twenty-eight women with CPP, ages 13 to 25, who underwent concomitant laparoscopy and cystoscopy.', 'All subjects underwent concomitant diagnostic laparoscopy and cystoscopy with hydrodistension for evaluation of CPP. Charts were reviewed to discern preoperative symptoms, operative findings, and postoperative diagnoses.', 'Diagnosis of IC based on symptoms and cystoscopic findings.', 'All 28 women had CPP, 23 (82%) had dysmenorrhea, and 12 of 25 (48%) sexually active subjects had dyspareunia. Twenty-six subjects (93%) had urinary symptoms including frequency (75%), nocturia (32%), urgency (25%), and dysuria (18%). Eleven (39%) subjects were diagnosed with IC and 18 (64%) with endometriosis, including 7 (25%) subjects with both IC and endometriosis. Laparoscopic findings were normal in 6 (21%) subjects. Of the 26 subjects with urinary symptoms, 21 (81%) had findings on laparoscopy or cystoscopy. In this cohort of young women with chronic pelvic pain, urinary frequency and dyspareunia were significantly associated with the diagnosis of IC.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cystitis, Interstitial', 'Dyspareunia', 'Endometriosis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Pelvic Pain', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Urination Disorders', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,550,211 | Does p16 improve interobserver agreement in diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia? | {
"contexts": [
"Evaluation of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is subjective. Previous studies have shown p16 and Ki-67 expressions to correlate with AIN grade. Biomarkers like p16 and Ki-67 may improve interobserver agreement. The objectives were (1) to determine the extent of interobserver agreement in evaluating AIN on routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections and (2) to test whether p16 and/or Ki-67 staining improve interobserver diagnostic agreement.",
"Seventy-seven anal specimens were retrieved. Sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies against p16 and Ki-67. Blind to the original diagnoses, 4 pathologists assessed H&E alone, p16 alone, Ki-67 alone, and all 3 simultaneously. Diagnoses were normal/reactive, AIN I/HPV, AIN II, and AIN III. Agreement was calculated using kappa and S statistics.",
"Pathologists were board certified and had 2 to 25 years (mean = 13.6 years) of experience. Fair agreement was observed using H&E diagnosis alone (kappa = 0.38, S = 0.56). The p16 diagnostic evaluation demonstrated the highest agreement (kappa = 0.57, S = 0.73). Interobserver agreement for Ki-67 alone and for H&E/p16/Ki-67 combined were comparable to that of H&E alone (kappa = 0.4, S = 0.54 and kappa = 0.44, S = 0.62, respectively). When the pathologists' diagnoses for all diagnostic evaluations were compared with consensus diagnoses, the lowest average magnitude of disagreement was seen with Ki-67 alone, followed by p16 alone, H&E/p16/Ki-67 combined, and H&E alone."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antigens, Neoplasm",
"Anus Neoplasms",
"Biopsy",
"Carcinoma in Situ",
"Clinical Competence",
"DNA, Neoplasm",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Genes, p16",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Observer Variation",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | Interobserver agreement for diagnosis of AIN was fair when based solely on H&E preparation. p16 alone improved interobserver agreement and demonstrated superior agreement when compared with H&E, Ki-67, and H&E/p16/Ki-67 combined. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does p16 improve interobserver agreement in diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Evaluation of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is subjective. Previous studies have shown p16 and Ki-67 expressions to correlate with AIN grade. Biomarkers like p16 and Ki-67 may improve interobserver agreement. The objectives were (1) to determine the extent of interobserver agreement in evaluating AIN on routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections and (2) to test whether p16 and/or Ki-67 staining improve interobserver diagnostic agreement.', 'Seventy-seven anal specimens were retrieved. Sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies against p16 and Ki-67. Blind to the original diagnoses, 4 pathologists assessed H&E alone, p16 alone, Ki-67 alone, and all 3 simultaneously. Diagnoses were normal/reactive, AIN I/HPV, AIN II, and AIN III. Agreement was calculated using kappa and S statistics.', \"Pathologists were board certified and had 2 to 25 years (mean = 13.6 years) of experience. Fair agreement was observed using H&E diagnosis alone (kappa = 0.38, S = 0.56). The p16 diagnostic evaluation demonstrated the highest agreement (kappa = 0.57, S = 0.73). Interobserver agreement for Ki-67 alone and for H&E/p16/Ki-67 combined were comparable to that of H&E alone (kappa = 0.4, S = 0.54 and kappa = 0.44, S = 0.62, respectively). When the pathologists' diagnoses for all diagnostic evaluations were compared with consensus diagnoses, the lowest average magnitude of disagreement was seen with Ki-67 alone, followed by p16 alone, H&E/p16/Ki-67 combined, and H&E alone.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Anus Neoplasms', 'Biopsy', 'Carcinoma in Situ', 'Clinical Competence', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, p16', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Observer Variation', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,844 | Is chromosome 9p21 polymorphism associated with myocardial infarction but not with clinical outcome in Han Chinese? | {
"contexts": [
"rs1333049 polymorphism on chromosome 9p21 has been shown to affect susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) in Caucasians. This study examined the association of rs1333049 with myocardial infarction (MI), angiographic severity of CAD and clinical outcome after a first acute MI in Han Chinese.",
"rs1333049 polymorphism was genotyped in 520 patients with a first acute MI and in 560 controls. The number of angiographically documented diseased coronary arteries (luminal diameter stenosis > or = 50%), echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during follow-up (mean, 29+/-15 months) were recorded.",
"Patients with MI had higher frequencies of the CC genotype (30.0% vs. 20.7%) or C allele (55.5% vs. 46.2%) compared with controls (all p<0.01). rs1333049 polymorphism was strongly associated with MI [odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-1.79] after adjusting for traditional risk factors. Although longer hospitalization stay was observed in patients with the rs1333049-C allele, this polymorphism was not related to angiographic severity of CAD, LVEF, and occurrence of MACE after MI."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Alleles",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"China",
"Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9",
"Female",
"Gene Frequency",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Linkage Disequilibrium",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide"
]
} | This study demonstrates an association of rs1333049 polymorphism locus on chromosome 9p21 with risk for MI, but not with post-MI prognosis in Han Chinese. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is chromosome 9p21 polymorphism associated with myocardial infarction but not with clinical outcome in Han Chinese?\nContext: {'contexts': ['rs1333049 polymorphism on chromosome 9p21 has been shown to affect susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) in Caucasians. This study examined the association of rs1333049 with myocardial infarction (MI), angiographic severity of CAD and clinical outcome after a first acute MI in Han Chinese.', 'rs1333049 polymorphism was genotyped in 520 patients with a first acute MI and in 560 controls. The number of angiographically documented diseased coronary arteries (luminal diameter stenosis > or = 50%), echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during follow-up (mean, 29+/-15 months) were recorded.', 'Patients with MI had higher frequencies of the CC genotype (30.0% vs. 20.7%) or C allele (55.5% vs. 46.2%) compared with controls (all p<0.01). rs1333049 polymorphism was strongly associated with MI [odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-1.79] after adjusting for traditional risk factors. Although longer hospitalization stay was observed in patients with the rs1333049-C allele, this polymorphism was not related to angiographic severity of CAD, LVEF, and occurrence of MACE after MI.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Alleles', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'China', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Linkage Disequilibrium', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,485 | Do intravenous immunoglobulin and salicylate differentially modulate pathogenic processes leading to vascular damage in a model of Kawasaki disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem vasculitis affecting children and is characterized by immune activation in the acute stage of disease. Systemic inflammation eventually subsides, although coronary arteritis persists, resulting in aneurysm formation. KD is the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children in North America. Accepted treatment guidelines include high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin in the acute phase. Although this therapy is effective, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of IVIG and salicylate at each stage of disease development.",
"Using a murine model of KD, we established and validated several in vitro techniques to reflect 3 key steps involved in disease pathogenesis, as follows: thymidine incorporation to evaluate T cell activation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) production, and real-time polymerase chain reaction to examine TNFalpha-mediated expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9).",
"At therapeutic concentrations, IVIG, but not salicylate, effectively reduced the immune response leading to TNFalpha expression. Unexpectedly, pharmacologic doses of salicylate were not able to inhibit TNFalpha production and in fact enhanced its production. Neither drug directly regulated MMP-9 expression but did so only indirectly via modulating TNFalpha. TNFalpha activity was a prerequisite for local expression of MMP-9 at the coronary artery."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Immunoglobulins, Intravenous",
"Immunologic Factors",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome",
"NF-kappa B",
"Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I",
"Salicylates",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Vascular Diseases"
]
} | Therapeutic concentrations of IVIG and salicylate differentially modulate the expression of TNFalpha and its downstream effects. Further dissection of the biologic effects of aspirin in acute KD is necessary for the rational design of therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do intravenous immunoglobulin and salicylate differentially modulate pathogenic processes leading to vascular damage in a model of Kawasaki disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem vasculitis affecting children and is characterized by immune activation in the acute stage of disease. Systemic inflammation eventually subsides, although coronary arteritis persists, resulting in aneurysm formation. KD is the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children in North America. Accepted treatment guidelines include high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin in the acute phase. Although this therapy is effective, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of IVIG and salicylate at each stage of disease development.', 'Using a murine model of KD, we established and validated several in vitro techniques to reflect 3 key steps involved in disease pathogenesis, as follows: thymidine incorporation to evaluate T cell activation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) production, and real-time polymerase chain reaction to examine TNFalpha-mediated expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9).', 'At therapeutic concentrations, IVIG, but not salicylate, effectively reduced the immune response leading to TNFalpha expression. Unexpectedly, pharmacologic doses of salicylate were not able to inhibit TNFalpha production and in fact enhanced its production. Neither drug directly regulated MMP-9 expression but did so only indirectly via modulating TNFalpha. TNFalpha activity was a prerequisite for local expression of MMP-9 at the coronary artery.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Immunoglobulins, Intravenous', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome', 'NF-kappa B', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I', 'Salicylates', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Vascular Diseases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,487 | Is variation at the ANP32A gene associated with risk of hip osteoarthritis in women? | {
"contexts": [
"The ANP32A gene encodes a tumor suppressor molecule that plays a regulatory role in apoptosis and interferes with canonical Wnt signaling in vitro. We undertook this study to test whether genetic variation at ANP32A was associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in women.",
"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ANP32A gene were genotyped in 438 control women, 425 women with total knee replacements (TKRs), and 537 women with total hip replacements (THRs) from the Nottingham case-control study as well as in 820 women from the population-based Chingford Study cohort for whom hip and knee radiographs were available. The most highly associated SNP was further tested in women from the Rotterdam Study (131 with THRs, 633 with knee OA, and 1,567 controls) and the TwinsUK Study cohort (67 with THRs, 43 with TKRs, and 358 controls), for a total of 2,170 patients with OA and 2,849 controls.",
"The ANP32A transcript was abundantly expressed in normal and OA articular cartilage. Three SNPs in the ANP32A gene were significantly associated in Nottingham patients with hip OA, but not knee OA. One of these (rs7164503) was associated with hip and knee OA in the Chingford Study cohort and with THR in the TwinsUK Study cohort, but the association was not statistically significant in the Rotterdam Study. When we combined hip data from all 4 cohorts, we found that the minor allele of rs7164503 was associated with a significantly lower risk of hip OA (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio 0.67 [95% confidence interval 0.53-0.84], P < 3.8 x 10(-4)) and that a similar trend was observed for knee OA (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio 0.87 [95% confidence interval 0.73-1.01], P < 0.055)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip",
"Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cohort Studies",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Humans",
"Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Netherlands",
"Osteoarthritis, Hip",
"Osteoarthritis, Knee",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Radiography",
"Risk Factors",
"United Kingdom"
]
} | Our results provide evidence suggesting that ANP32A is involved in the pathogenesis of OA of the hip. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is variation at the ANP32A gene associated with risk of hip osteoarthritis in women?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The ANP32A gene encodes a tumor suppressor molecule that plays a regulatory role in apoptosis and interferes with canonical Wnt signaling in vitro. We undertook this study to test whether genetic variation at ANP32A was associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in women.', 'Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ANP32A gene were genotyped in 438 control women, 425 women with total knee replacements (TKRs), and 537 women with total hip replacements (THRs) from the Nottingham case-control study as well as in 820 women from the population-based Chingford Study cohort for whom hip and knee radiographs were available. The most highly associated SNP was further tested in women from the Rotterdam Study (131 with THRs, 633 with knee OA, and 1,567 controls) and the TwinsUK Study cohort (67 with THRs, 43 with TKRs, and 358 controls), for a total of 2,170 patients with OA and 2,849 controls.', 'The ANP32A transcript was abundantly expressed in normal and OA articular cartilage. Three SNPs in the ANP32A gene were significantly associated in Nottingham patients with hip OA, but not knee OA. One of these (rs7164503) was associated with hip and knee OA in the Chingford Study cohort and with THR in the TwinsUK Study cohort, but the association was not statistically significant in the Rotterdam Study. When we combined hip data from all 4 cohorts, we found that the minor allele of rs7164503 was associated with a significantly lower risk of hip OA (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio 0.67 [95% confidence interval 0.53-0.84], P < 3.8 x 10(-4)) and that a similar trend was observed for knee OA (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio 0.87 [95% confidence interval 0.73-1.01], P < 0.055).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Humans', 'Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Netherlands', 'Osteoarthritis, Hip', 'Osteoarthritis, Knee', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Radiography', 'Risk Factors', 'United Kingdom']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,481 | Is fibroblast growth factor 2 an intrinsic chondroprotective agent that suppresses ADAMTS-5 and delays cartilage degradation in murine osteoarthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously identified in articular cartilage an abundant pool of the heparin-binding growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), which is bound to the pericellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan. This pool of FGF-2 activates chondrocytes upon tissue loading and is released following mechanical injury. In vitro, FGF-2 suppresses interleukin-1-driven aggrecanase activity in human cartilage explants, suggesting a chondroprotective role in vivo. We undertook this study to investigate the in vivo role of FGF-2 in murine cartilage.",
"Basal characteristics of the articular cartilage of Fgf2(-/-) and Fgf2(+/+) mice were determined by histomorphometry, nanoindentation, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The articular cartilage was graded histologically in aged mice as well as in mice in which osteoarthritis (OA) had been induced by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus. RNA was extracted from the joints of Fgf2(-/-) and Fgf2(+/+) mice following surgery and quantitatively assessed for key regulatory molecules. The effect of subcutaneous administration of recombinant FGF-2 on OA progression was assessed in Fgf2(-/-) mice.",
"Fgf2(-/-) mice were morphologically indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) animals up to age 12 weeks; the cartilage thickness and proteoglycan staining were equivalent, as was the mechanical integrity of the matrix. However, Fgf2(-/-) mice exhibited accelerated spontaneous and surgically induced OA. Surgically induced OA in Fgf2(-/-) mice was suppressed to levels in WT mice by subcutaneous administration of recombinant FGF-2. Increased disease in Fgf2(-/-) mice was associated with increased expression of messenger RNA of Adamts5, the key murine aggrecanase."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"ADAM Proteins",
"ADAMTS5 Protein",
"Aggrecans",
"Animals",
"Cartilage, Articular",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2",
"Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans",
"Interleukin-1",
"Joints",
"Mice",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Osteoarthritis",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | These data identify FGF-2 as a novel endogenous chondroprotective agent in articular cartilage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is fibroblast growth factor 2 an intrinsic chondroprotective agent that suppresses ADAMTS-5 and delays cartilage degradation in murine osteoarthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We have previously identified in articular cartilage an abundant pool of the heparin-binding growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), which is bound to the pericellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan. This pool of FGF-2 activates chondrocytes upon tissue loading and is released following mechanical injury. In vitro, FGF-2 suppresses interleukin-1-driven aggrecanase activity in human cartilage explants, suggesting a chondroprotective role in vivo. We undertook this study to investigate the in vivo role of FGF-2 in murine cartilage.', 'Basal characteristics of the articular cartilage of Fgf2(-/-) and Fgf2(+/+) mice were determined by histomorphometry, nanoindentation, and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The articular cartilage was graded histologically in aged mice as well as in mice in which osteoarthritis (OA) had been induced by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus. RNA was extracted from the joints of Fgf2(-/-) and Fgf2(+/+) mice following surgery and quantitatively assessed for key regulatory molecules. The effect of subcutaneous administration of recombinant FGF-2 on OA progression was assessed in Fgf2(-/-) mice.', 'Fgf2(-/-) mice were morphologically indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) animals up to age 12 weeks; the cartilage thickness and proteoglycan staining were equivalent, as was the mechanical integrity of the matrix. However, Fgf2(-/-) mice exhibited accelerated spontaneous and surgically induced OA. Surgically induced OA in Fgf2(-/-) mice was suppressed to levels in WT mice by subcutaneous administration of recombinant FGF-2. Increased disease in Fgf2(-/-) mice was associated with increased expression of messenger RNA of Adamts5, the key murine aggrecanase.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['ADAM Proteins', 'ADAMTS5 Protein', 'Aggrecans', 'Animals', 'Cartilage, Articular', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans', 'Interleukin-1', 'Joints', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Osteoarthritis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,507 | Does interaction of serotonin-related genes affect short-term antidepressant response in major depressive disorder? | {
"contexts": [
"Four serotonin-related genes including guanine nucleotide binding protein beta polypeptide 3 (GNB3), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A; serotonin receptor 1A), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A; serotonin receptor 2A), and solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4; serotonin neurotransmitter transporter) have been suggested to be candidate genes for influencing antidepressant treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to explore whether interaction among these genes could contribute to the pharmacogenomics of short-term antidepressant response in a Taiwanese population with major depressive disorder (MDD).",
"Included in this study were 101 MDD patients who were treated with antidepressants, 35 of whom were rapid responders and 66 non-responders after 2weeks of treatment. We genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including GNB3 rs5443 (C825T), HTR1A rs6295 (C-1019G), HTR2A rs6311 (T102C), and SLC6A4 rs25533, and employed the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method to investigate gene-gene interactions.",
"Single-locus analyses showed the GNB3 rs5443 polymorphism to be associated with short-term antidepressant treatment outcome (P-value=0.029). We did not correct for multiple testing in these multiple exploratory analyses. Finally, the GMDR approach identified a significant gene-gene interaction (P-value=0.025) involving GNB3 and HTR2A, as well as a significant 3-locus model (P-value=0.015) among GNB3, HTR2A, and SLC6A4."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Antidepressive Agents",
"Depressive Disorder, Major",
"Female",
"Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pharmacogenetics",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A",
"Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Serotonin",
"Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins",
"Taiwan",
"Young Adult"
]
} | These results support the hypothesis that GNB3, HTR2A, and SLC6A4 may play a role in the outcome of short-term antidepressant treatment for MDD in an interactive manner. Future research with independent replication using large sample sizes is needed to confirm the functions of the candidate genes identified in this study as being involved in short-term antidepressant treatment response. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does interaction of serotonin-related genes affect short-term antidepressant response in major depressive disorder?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Four serotonin-related genes including guanine nucleotide binding protein beta polypeptide 3 (GNB3), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A; serotonin receptor 1A), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A; serotonin receptor 2A), and solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4; serotonin neurotransmitter transporter) have been suggested to be candidate genes for influencing antidepressant treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to explore whether interaction among these genes could contribute to the pharmacogenomics of short-term antidepressant response in a Taiwanese population with major depressive disorder (MDD).', 'Included in this study were 101 MDD patients who were treated with antidepressants, 35 of whom were rapid responders and 66 non-responders after 2weeks of treatment. We genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including GNB3 rs5443 (C825T), HTR1A rs6295 (C-1019G), HTR2A rs6311 (T102C), and SLC6A4 rs25533, and employed the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method to investigate gene-gene interactions.', 'Single-locus analyses showed the GNB3 rs5443 polymorphism to be associated with short-term antidepressant treatment outcome (P-value=0.029). We did not correct for multiple testing in these multiple exploratory analyses. Finally, the GMDR approach identified a significant gene-gene interaction (P-value=0.025) involving GNB3 and HTR2A, as well as a significant 3-locus model (P-value=0.015) among GNB3, HTR2A, and SLC6A4.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Female', 'Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pharmacogenetics', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A', 'Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins', 'Taiwan', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,299 | Does fusobacterium nucleatum enter normal human oral fibroblasts in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"Fusobacterium nucleatum, a commensal opportunistic oral bacterium, is capable of invading gingival epithelial cells, but the entrance into human primary oral fibroblast cells has not been documented. This study evaluated the ability of three strains of F. nucleatum (F. nucleatum ssp. nucleatum, F. nucleatum ssp. polymorphum, and F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii) to enter gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLFs).",
"GFs and PLFs were cocultured for various periods of time with different strains of F. nucleatum. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, together with confocal laser scanning microscopy, were used to visualize the entrance and presence of bacteria in host cells. Flow cytometry was performed to compare the load of internalized bacteria in GFs and PLFs exposed for 3 and 5 hours to live F. nucleatum labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate.",
"All three strains of F. nucleatum were found entering and located in the cytoplasm of GFs and PLFs after 1 hour of exposure. Flow cytometry tests revealed a significant increase in the fluorescent signal, compared to baseline, derived from bacteria internalized in fibroblasts exposed for 3 hours (P <0.001); a further increase was found at 5 hours. The greatest bacterial mass in exposed fibroblasts of both types was of F. nucleatum ssp. polymorphum; the smallest was of F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii. Although not statistically significant, PLFs had a higher bacterial load than corresponding GFs."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bacterial Adhesion",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Coculture Techniques",
"Fibroblasts",
"Fusobacteriaceae Infections",
"Fusobacterium nucleatum",
"Gingiva",
"Host-Pathogen Interactions",
"Humans",
"Reference Values",
"Species Specificity",
"Virulence"
]
} | F. nucleatum was capable of entering GFs and PLFs in a manner that is dependent on the cell type and the bacterial strain. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does fusobacterium nucleatum enter normal human oral fibroblasts in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fusobacterium nucleatum, a commensal opportunistic oral bacterium, is capable of invading gingival epithelial cells, but the entrance into human primary oral fibroblast cells has not been documented. This study evaluated the ability of three strains of F. nucleatum (F. nucleatum ssp. nucleatum, F. nucleatum ssp. polymorphum, and F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii) to enter gingival fibroblasts (GFs) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLFs).', 'GFs and PLFs were cocultured for various periods of time with different strains of F. nucleatum. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, together with confocal laser scanning microscopy, were used to visualize the entrance and presence of bacteria in host cells. Flow cytometry was performed to compare the load of internalized bacteria in GFs and PLFs exposed for 3 and 5 hours to live F. nucleatum labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate.', 'All three strains of F. nucleatum were found entering and located in the cytoplasm of GFs and PLFs after 1 hour of exposure. Flow cytometry tests revealed a significant increase in the fluorescent signal, compared to baseline, derived from bacteria internalized in fibroblasts exposed for 3 hours (P <0.001); a further increase was found at 5 hours. The greatest bacterial mass in exposed fibroblasts of both types was of F. nucleatum ssp. polymorphum; the smallest was of F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii. Although not statistically significant, PLFs had a higher bacterial load than corresponding GFs.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bacterial Adhesion', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Fibroblasts', 'Fusobacteriaceae Infections', 'Fusobacterium nucleatum', 'Gingiva', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Humans', 'Reference Values', 'Species Specificity', 'Virulence']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,263 | Do measures in the first year of therapy predict the response to interferon beta in MS? | {
"contexts": [
"Several criteria for treatment response to interferon beta (IFNbeta) have been proposed, although there is no consensus among different investigators. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical predictors of response during the first 12 months of therapy.",
"This is a prospective and longitudinal study of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients treated with IFNbeta. Patients were classified based on the presence of new lesions on MRI, relapses, confirmed disability increase, or combinations of all these variables after 1 year of therapy. Regression analysis was performed in order to identify variables of response after a follow-up of 3 years.",
"We included 222 RRMS patients. The logistic model demonstrated that only the combination of new active lesions on MRI with the presence of relapses (OR 4.4; 95% CI 1.6-12.5) or disability progression (Odds Ratio (OR) 7.1; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.6-33.9), or both (OR 6.5; 95% CI 1.9-23.4) achieved significant values to identify those patients with a poor outcome."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Disability Evaluation",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunologic Factors",
"Interferon-beta",
"Logistic Models",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting",
"Odds Ratio",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | In RRMS patients treated with IFNbeta, the combination of measures of disease activity and the presence of new active lesions on MRI may have a prognostic value for identifying patients with disease activity in the second and third year of therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do measures in the first year of therapy predict the response to interferon beta in MS?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Several criteria for treatment response to interferon beta (IFNbeta) have been proposed, although there is no consensus among different investigators. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical predictors of response during the first 12 months of therapy.', 'This is a prospective and longitudinal study of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients treated with IFNbeta. Patients were classified based on the presence of new lesions on MRI, relapses, confirmed disability increase, or combinations of all these variables after 1 year of therapy. Regression analysis was performed in order to identify variables of response after a follow-up of 3 years.', 'We included 222 RRMS patients. The logistic model demonstrated that only the combination of new active lesions on MRI with the presence of relapses (OR 4.4; 95% CI 1.6-12.5) or disability progression (Odds Ratio (OR) 7.1; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.6-33.9), or both (OR 6.5; 95% CI 1.9-23.4) achieved significant values to identify those patients with a poor outcome.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Disability Evaluation', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunologic Factors', 'Interferon-beta', 'Logistic Models', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting', 'Odds Ratio', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,559,571 | Do hB-EGF-induced VEGF production and eNOS activation depend on both PI3 kinase and MAP kinase in HaCaT cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of growth factors that have been implicated in skin patho-physiology. Although endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appear to be involved in mitogenesis and chemotaxis in epidermal keratinocytes, the activation of eNOS and VEGF production induced by HB-EGF and its signaling mechanism remains undefined.",
"We examined possible signal transduction pathways by which HB-EGF leads to eNOS activation and VEGF production in human epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells).",
"The phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; p42/p44 MAPK), Akt and eNOS were examined by Western blotting analysis. VEGF production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Various inhibitors were utilized to investigate the signaling mechanisms of eNOS activation and VEGF production.",
"HB-EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR with maximum phosphorylation at 1h. HB-EGF-induced phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK in a few minutes. It activated Akt with maximum phosphorylation at 1h and eNOS with maximum phosphorylation at 3h. The HB-EGF-induced eNOS activation was significantly blocked by the p42/p44 MAPK inhibitor U0126 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K) inhibitor LY294002. HB-EGF increased VEGF production. The HB-EGF-induced VEGF production was blocked by U0126 and LY294002. Finally, the HB-EGF-induced activation of Akt and eNOS was suppressed by VEGF competitive antagonist, CBO-P11."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Butadienes",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Chromones",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor",
"Humans",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Keratinocytes",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases",
"Morpholines",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III",
"Nitriles",
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases",
"Phosphorylation",
"Signal Transduction",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | These results demonstrate that HB-EGF-induced eNOS activation depends on p42/p44 MAPK, PI3K/Akt pathways and endogenous VEGF in HaCaT cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do hB-EGF-induced VEGF production and eNOS activation depend on both PI3 kinase and MAP kinase in HaCaT cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a member of growth factors that have been implicated in skin patho-physiology. Although endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appear to be involved in mitogenesis and chemotaxis in epidermal keratinocytes, the activation of eNOS and VEGF production induced by HB-EGF and its signaling mechanism remains undefined.', 'We examined possible signal transduction pathways by which HB-EGF leads to eNOS activation and VEGF production in human epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells).', 'The phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; p42/p44 MAPK), Akt and eNOS were examined by Western blotting analysis. VEGF production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Various inhibitors were utilized to investigate the signaling mechanisms of eNOS activation and VEGF production.', 'HB-EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR with maximum phosphorylation at 1h. HB-EGF-induced phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK in a few minutes. It activated Akt with maximum phosphorylation at 1h and eNOS with maximum phosphorylation at 3h. The HB-EGF-induced eNOS activation was significantly blocked by the p42/p44 MAPK inhibitor U0126 and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K) inhibitor LY294002. HB-EGF increased VEGF production. The HB-EGF-induced VEGF production was blocked by U0126 and LY294002. Finally, the HB-EGF-induced activation of Akt and eNOS was suppressed by VEGF competitive antagonist, CBO-P11.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Butadienes', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Chromones', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Keratinocytes', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'Morpholines', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Nitriles', 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases', 'Phosphorylation', 'Signal Transduction', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,539,692 | Do splenic stromal niches support hematopoiesis of dendritic-like cells from precursors in bone marrow and spleen? | {
"contexts": [
"The aims of this study are to test the ability of stromal cells from murine spleen to support hematopoiesis, to define the tissue source of precursors that seed these hematopoietic niches, and to determine the type of cells produced.",
"Cloned isolates of murine spleen stroma have been developed that support hematopoiesis. Analysis has been investigated in terms of tissue source of progenitors. Type and number of cells produced were analyzed by flow cytometry.",
"Hematopoietic precursors that seed cocultures exist in spleen and bone marrow (BM), but not thymus. Cell production is highest if overlay cells are enriched for hematopoietic precursors. BM contains more precursors than spleen, but the cell types produced are different. Cocultures established from spleen maintain a high proportion of a distinct class of dendritic-like cells produced in only low numbers in BM cocultures. These reflect the immature myeloid dendritic cell (DC) produced continuously in long-term spleen cultures established previously in this laboratory. Stroma-conditioned medium alone does not support DC development, but does support early outgrowth of myelomonocytic cells from precursors in both spleen and BM."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bone Marrow",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Coculture Techniques",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Female",
"Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary",
"Mice",
"Myeloid Progenitor Cells",
"Organ Specificity",
"Spleen",
"Stromal Cells",
"Thymus Gland"
]
} | The outcome has been development of a coculture system that supports hematopoiesis of immature myeloid dendritic-like cells in vitro. Although production of monocytes can occur in the presence of stroma-conditioned medium alone, production of DC is dependent on stromal cell interaction. Results presented here raise questions about the role of spleen as a site for DC hematopoiesis from endogenous precursors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do splenic stromal niches support hematopoiesis of dendritic-like cells from precursors in bone marrow and spleen?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aims of this study are to test the ability of stromal cells from murine spleen to support hematopoiesis, to define the tissue source of precursors that seed these hematopoietic niches, and to determine the type of cells produced.', 'Cloned isolates of murine spleen stroma have been developed that support hematopoiesis. Analysis has been investigated in terms of tissue source of progenitors. Type and number of cells produced were analyzed by flow cytometry.', 'Hematopoietic precursors that seed cocultures exist in spleen and bone marrow (BM), but not thymus. Cell production is highest if overlay cells are enriched for hematopoietic precursors. BM contains more precursors than spleen, but the cell types produced are different. Cocultures established from spleen maintain a high proportion of a distinct class of dendritic-like cells produced in only low numbers in BM cocultures. These reflect the immature myeloid dendritic cell (DC) produced continuously in long-term spleen cultures established previously in this laboratory. Stroma-conditioned medium alone does not support DC development, but does support early outgrowth of myelomonocytic cells from precursors in both spleen and BM.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bone Marrow', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Female', 'Hematopoiesis, Extramedullary', 'Mice', 'Myeloid Progenitor Cells', 'Organ Specificity', 'Spleen', 'Stromal Cells', 'Thymus Gland']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,691 | Is gng12 a novel negative regulator of LPS-induced inflammation in the microglial cell line BV-2? | {
"contexts": [
"Inflammation plays a central role in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and AIDS dementia. Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system and are the cells primarily responsible for the inflammatory component of these diseases.",
"Using gene expression profiling, we compared the profile of the neurospecific microglial cell line BV-2 after LPS stimulation to that of a macrophage cell line (J774A.1) stimulated with LPS.",
"A set of 77 genes that were modulated only in microglial cells after LPS stimulation was identified. One gene of interest, Gng12, was investigated further to determine its ability to modify the inflammatory response. Specifically, Gng12 mRNA levels were transiently increased after LPS stimulation. In addition, overall levels of Gng12 mRNA after LPS stimulation were significantly higher in BV-2 cells as compared to macrophage cells."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Line",
"GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits",
"GTP-Binding Proteins",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Inflammation",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Macrophages",
"Mice",
"Microglia",
"Nitrites",
"RNA Interference",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Modulating Gng12 mRNA levels using RNAi revealed a novel role for the factor in the negative regulation of the overall inflammatory response as based on effects on nitrite and TNFalpha levels. These data suggest that Gng12 is a negative regulator of the LPS response and may be an important factor in the overall inflammatory signaling cascade. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is gng12 a novel negative regulator of LPS-induced inflammation in the microglial cell line BV-2?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Inflammation plays a central role in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and AIDS dementia. Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system and are the cells primarily responsible for the inflammatory component of these diseases.\", 'Using gene expression profiling, we compared the profile of the neurospecific microglial cell line BV-2 after LPS stimulation to that of a macrophage cell line (J774A.1) stimulated with LPS.', 'A set of 77 genes that were modulated only in microglial cells after LPS stimulation was identified. One gene of interest, Gng12, was investigated further to determine its ability to modify the inflammatory response. Specifically, Gng12 mRNA levels were transiently increased after LPS stimulation. In addition, overall levels of Gng12 mRNA after LPS stimulation were significantly higher in BV-2 cells as compared to macrophage cells.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits', 'GTP-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Inflammation', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Microglia', 'Nitrites', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,539,150 | Does sustained release of erythropoietin using biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres persistently improve lower leg ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"We hypothesized that erythropoietin (EPO)-immersed gelatin hydrogel microspheres (GHM) injected into ischemic legs might continuously release a small amount of EPO to locally stimulate angiogenesis without unfavorable systemic effects.",
"EPO is a potent angiogenic factor, but its use for relieving ischemic organs is limited because of the untoward systemic erythrogenic effect and its short half-life in plasma.",
"The right femoral arteries of BALB/c mice were ligated. Recombinant human EPO (5,000 IU/kg)-immersed GHM was injected into the right hind limb muscles (n = 12); the control groups included a saline-injected group (n = 12), an EPO-injected group (n = 8), and an empty GHM-injected group (n = 8).",
"Eight weeks later, improvement of blood perfusion to the ischemic limb was significantly augmented in the EPO-GHM group compared with any of the control groups. There was no increase in the hemoglobin level, nor was there any increase in endothelial progenitor cells. However, capillary and arteriolar densities were significantly increased in this group. Although the treatment did not affect the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor or interleukin-1 beta, it up-regulated the EPO receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and activated the downstream signaling of Akt and also endothelial nitric oxide synthase in ischemic limbs, which might have been associated with the evident angiogenic and arteriogenic effects in the present system."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult Stem Cells",
"Angiogenesis Inducing Agents",
"Animals",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Delayed-Action Preparations",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Erythropoietin",
"Hydrogels",
"Ischemia",
"Lower Extremity",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Microspheres",
"Myocytes, Smooth Muscle",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Peripheral Vascular Diseases",
"Receptors, Erythropoietin",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Regional Blood Flow"
]
} | The present drug delivery system is suggested to have potential as a novel noninvasive therapy for ischemic peripheral artery disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does sustained release of erythropoietin using biodegradable gelatin hydrogel microspheres persistently improve lower leg ischemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We hypothesized that erythropoietin (EPO)-immersed gelatin hydrogel microspheres (GHM) injected into ischemic legs might continuously release a small amount of EPO to locally stimulate angiogenesis without unfavorable systemic effects.', 'EPO is a potent angiogenic factor, but its use for relieving ischemic organs is limited because of the untoward systemic erythrogenic effect and its short half-life in plasma.', 'The right femoral arteries of BALB/c mice were ligated. Recombinant human EPO (5,000 IU/kg)-immersed GHM was injected into the right hind limb muscles (n = 12); the control groups included a saline-injected group (n = 12), an EPO-injected group (n = 8), and an empty GHM-injected group (n = 8).', 'Eight weeks later, improvement of blood perfusion to the ischemic limb was significantly augmented in the EPO-GHM group compared with any of the control groups. There was no increase in the hemoglobin level, nor was there any increase in endothelial progenitor cells. However, capillary and arteriolar densities were significantly increased in this group. Although the treatment did not affect the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor or interleukin-1 beta, it up-regulated the EPO receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and activated the downstream signaling of Akt and also endothelial nitric oxide synthase in ischemic limbs, which might have been associated with the evident angiogenic and arteriogenic effects in the present system.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult Stem Cells', 'Angiogenesis Inducing Agents', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Erythropoietin', 'Hydrogels', 'Ischemia', 'Lower Extremity', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Microspheres', 'Myocytes, Smooth Muscle', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Peripheral Vascular Diseases', 'Receptors, Erythropoietin', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Regional Blood Flow']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,211 | Does an imbalance between apoptosis and proliferation contribute to follicular persistence in polycystic ovaries in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Cystic ovarian disease is an important cause of infertility that affects bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species and even human beings. Alterations in the ovarian micro-environment of females with follicular cysts could alter the normal processes of proliferation and programmed cell death in ovarian cells. Thus, our objective was to evaluate apoptosis and proliferation in ovarian cystic follicles in rats in order to investigate the cause of cystic follicle formation and persistence.",
"We compared the number of in situ apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay, expression of active caspase-3 and members of Bcl-2 family by immunohistochemistry; and cell proliferation by the expression of the proliferation markers: PCNA and Ki-67.",
"The proliferation index was low in granulosa of tertiary and cystic follicles of light exposed rats when compared with tertiary follicles of control animals, while in theca interna only cystic follicles presented low proliferation index when compared with tertiary follicles (p < 0.05). The granulosa of cysts exhibited a similar cell DNA fragmentation to early atretic follicles. In the granulosa and theca interna, active caspase-3 shown similar immunostaining levels in tertiary and cystic follicles (p < 0.05). The granulosa cells presented high expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w in the tertiary and cystic follicles with diminishing intensity in the atretic follicles, except with Bcl-w where the intensity was maintained in the atretic follicles (p < 0.05). The expression of Bax was weak in the healthy and cystic follicles. In the theca interna, Bcl-2 expression was the same as the pattern found in the granulosa; no differences were found between tertiary and cystic follicles from both groups for Bcl-xL and Bcl-w. The expression of Bax in this layer was higher in the tertiary follicles of the treated animals (p < 0.05) while the values for cystic follicles were similar to those in the tertiary follicles of controls. The theca externa showed low expression of the pro and anti-apoptotic proteins."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Caspase 3",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Female",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Ki-67 Antigen",
"Ovarian Follicle",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",
"Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar"
]
} | These results show that the combination of weak proliferation indices and low apoptosis observed in follicular cysts, could explain the cause of the slow growth of cystic follicles and the maintenance of a static condition without degeneration, which leads to their persistence. These alterations may be due to structural and functional modifications that take place in these cells and could be related to hormonal changes in animals with this condition. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does an imbalance between apoptosis and proliferation contribute to follicular persistence in polycystic ovaries in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cystic ovarian disease is an important cause of infertility that affects bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine species and even human beings. Alterations in the ovarian micro-environment of females with follicular cysts could alter the normal processes of proliferation and programmed cell death in ovarian cells. Thus, our objective was to evaluate apoptosis and proliferation in ovarian cystic follicles in rats in order to investigate the cause of cystic follicle formation and persistence.', 'We compared the number of in situ apoptotic cells by TUNEL assay, expression of active caspase-3 and members of Bcl-2 family by immunohistochemistry; and cell proliferation by the expression of the proliferation markers: PCNA and Ki-67.', 'The proliferation index was low in granulosa of tertiary and cystic follicles of light exposed rats when compared with tertiary follicles of control animals, while in theca interna only cystic follicles presented low proliferation index when compared with tertiary follicles (p < 0.05). The granulosa of cysts exhibited a similar cell DNA fragmentation to early atretic follicles. In the granulosa and theca interna, active caspase-3 shown similar immunostaining levels in tertiary and cystic follicles (p < 0.05). The granulosa cells presented high expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Bcl-w in the tertiary and cystic follicles with diminishing intensity in the atretic follicles, except with Bcl-w where the intensity was maintained in the atretic follicles (p < 0.05). The expression of Bax was weak in the healthy and cystic follicles. In the theca interna, Bcl-2 expression was the same as the pattern found in the granulosa; no differences were found between tertiary and cystic follicles from both groups for Bcl-xL and Bcl-w. The expression of Bax in this layer was higher in the tertiary follicles of the treated animals (p < 0.05) while the values for cystic follicles were similar to those in the tertiary follicles of controls. The theca externa showed low expression of the pro and anti-apoptotic proteins.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Ovarian Follicle', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,335 | Is early activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 associated with blood-brain barrier disruption after photothrombotic cerebral ischemia in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a critical event for disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during cerebral ischemia. Among the MMPs, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression were reported to be significantly elevated after the onset of ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate which one is more significant for BBB disruption in the photothrombotic cerebral ischemia.",
"Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g received focal cerebral ischemia by photothrombosis. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were assessed by gelatin zymography at various times from 2 h to 7 days. The BBB integrity was assessed using Evans blue dye with a spectrophotometric assay.",
"The Evans blue extravasation was increased within 2 h after cerebral ischemia, and was maximal at 12 and 24 h after the injury, and then gradually decreased. MMP-9 protein activity was detected as early as 2 h after the focal ischemic event; it rapidly increased at 6 h after ischemia, and reached a maximum level 48 h after the ischemic event. Thereafter, the MMP-9 level abruptly decreased and returned to the baseline at 72 h after the insult. By contrast, the MMP-2 protein activity was up-regulated at 6 h after the focal ischemic insult, and reached a maximum level at 72 h after the event. The elevated MMP-2 levels persisted for 7 days after the injury."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood-Brain Barrier",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Enzyme Activation",
"Intracranial Thrombosis",
"Male",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 2",
"Matrix Metalloproteinase 9",
"Photic Stimulation",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley"
]
} | The early activation of MMP-9 was correlated with the increase in the permeability of the BBB. Our findings suggest that MMP-9 is the key factor involved in BBB disruption and subsequent brain injury after photothrombotic cerebral ischemia in rats. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is early activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 associated with blood-brain barrier disruption after photothrombotic cerebral ischemia in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a critical event for disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during cerebral ischemia. Among the MMPs, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression were reported to be significantly elevated after the onset of ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate which one is more significant for BBB disruption in the photothrombotic cerebral ischemia.', 'Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g received focal cerebral ischemia by photothrombosis. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were assessed by gelatin zymography at various times from 2 h to 7 days. The BBB integrity was assessed using Evans blue dye with a spectrophotometric assay.', 'The Evans blue extravasation was increased within 2 h after cerebral ischemia, and was maximal at 12 and 24 h after the injury, and then gradually decreased. MMP-9 protein activity was detected as early as 2 h after the focal ischemic event; it rapidly increased at 6 h after ischemia, and reached a maximum level 48 h after the ischemic event. Thereafter, the MMP-9 level abruptly decreased and returned to the baseline at 72 h after the insult. By contrast, the MMP-2 protein activity was up-regulated at 6 h after the focal ischemic insult, and reached a maximum level at 72 h after the event. The elevated MMP-2 levels persisted for 7 days after the injury.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood-Brain Barrier', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Intracranial Thrombosis', 'Male', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 2', 'Matrix Metalloproteinase 9', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,664 | Does pretreatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide attenuate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxygen free radicals and apoptosis play important roles in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We sought to investigate the protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to attenuate liver I/R injury due to oxygen free radicals and apoptosis.",
"Harvested rat livers were perfused via the portal vein with 60 mL of 4 degrees C histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution alone in the control group, or with the same solution containing CGRP (3 microg/10 g body weight) in the experimental group. After 24 hours of cold storage, hepatic enzyme leakage, portal venous pressure, oxygen consumption, total adenine nucleotides (TAN), bile production, lipoperoxide (LPO) release, apoptosis, and histochemical changes were evaluated upon 45 minutes of isolated reperfusion.",
"Compared with control livers, CGRP-treated organs showed significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutamate-lactate dehydrogenase (GLDH) leakage and portal venous pressure (2.0 +/- 0.3 vs 4.0 +/- 0.4 mmHg; P < .01), with significantly increased bile production (8.56 +/- 0.76 vs 3.34 +/- 0.68 microL/g/45 min; P < .01), oxygen consumption (5.14 +/- 0.4 vs 2.57 +/- 0.2 microL/g/min; P < .01), and total adenine nucleotides (TAN) (11.1 +/- 0.71 vs 7.02 +/- 0.53 micromol/g; P < .01) upon reperfusion as signs of recovered viability. We observed infrequent positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, especially in sinusoidal lining cells (SLC). The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the CGRP group was significantly decreased compared with the control group: (4.1 +/- 0.67 vs 8.0 +/- 1.27; P < .05). Perfusate levels of low molecular weight (LMW) histone-associated DNA fragments (0.36 +/- 0.04 vs 0.53 +/- 0.06 AU; P < .05) were also decreased, coupled with strong 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) and LDH activity staining concentrated on the endothelial cells. LPO release in the perfusate was largely decreased: (0.12 +/- 0.02 vs 0.36 +/- 0.04 nmoL/g, P < .01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenine Nucleotides",
"Alanine Transaminase",
"Animals",
"Bile",
"Blood Pressure",
"Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide",
"Cell Death",
"Glucose",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Liver",
"Liver Circulation",
"Male",
"Mannitol",
"Organ Preservation Solutions",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Portal Vein",
"Potassium Chloride",
"Procaine",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Reperfusion Injury"
]
} | CGRP ameliorated liver I/R injury due to reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pretreatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide attenuate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oxygen free radicals and apoptosis play important roles in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We sought to investigate the protective effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to attenuate liver I/R injury due to oxygen free radicals and apoptosis.', 'Harvested rat livers were perfused via the portal vein with 60 mL of 4 degrees C histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution alone in the control group, or with the same solution containing CGRP (3 microg/10 g body weight) in the experimental group. After 24 hours of cold storage, hepatic enzyme leakage, portal venous pressure, oxygen consumption, total adenine nucleotides (TAN), bile production, lipoperoxide (LPO) release, apoptosis, and histochemical changes were evaluated upon 45 minutes of isolated reperfusion.', \"Compared with control livers, CGRP-treated organs showed significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutamate-lactate dehydrogenase (GLDH) leakage and portal venous pressure (2.0 +/- 0.3 vs 4.0 +/- 0.4 mmHg; P < .01), with significantly increased bile production (8.56 +/- 0.76 vs 3.34 +/- 0.68 microL/g/45 min; P < .01), oxygen consumption (5.14 +/- 0.4 vs 2.57 +/- 0.2 microL/g/min; P < .01), and total adenine nucleotides (TAN) (11.1 +/- 0.71 vs 7.02 +/- 0.53 micromol/g; P < .01) upon reperfusion as signs of recovered viability. We observed infrequent positive terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, especially in sinusoidal lining cells (SLC). The percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the CGRP group was significantly decreased compared with the control group: (4.1 +/- 0.67 vs 8.0 +/- 1.27; P < .05). Perfusate levels of low molecular weight (LMW) histone-associated DNA fragments (0.36 +/- 0.04 vs 0.53 +/- 0.06 AU; P < .05) were also decreased, coupled with strong 5'-nucleotidase (5'-NT) and LDH activity staining concentrated on the endothelial cells. LPO release in the perfusate was largely decreased: (0.12 +/- 0.02 vs 0.36 +/- 0.04 nmoL/g, P < .01).\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenine Nucleotides', 'Alanine Transaminase', 'Animals', 'Bile', 'Blood Pressure', 'Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide', 'Cell Death', 'Glucose', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Liver', 'Liver Circulation', 'Male', 'Mannitol', 'Organ Preservation Solutions', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Portal Vein', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Procaine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reperfusion Injury']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,668 | Does serine protease inhibitor aprotinin ameliorate renal injury in a rat model of ischemia-perfusion injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury may occur after renal transplantation, thoracoabdominal aortic surgery, and renal artery interventions.",
"To investigate the therapeutic effects of aprotinin on tissue protection against I/R injury in a rat model. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, was also tested to assess the experimental model.",
"Twenty-four rats were categorized into 3 groups of 8 rats each: those receiving isotonic sodium chloride solution (control group); NAC, 150 mg/kg; and aprotinin, 40,000 KIU/kg. The animals underwent unilateral nephrectomy after 60 minutes of warm ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion of the kidney. Malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation marker, and antioxidant glutathione levels were measured in the kidney parenchyma. Tissue samples were obtained for histologic analysis.",
"Compared with the control group, the NAC group demonstrated significantly low levels of malondialdehyde (P = .04) and high levels of glutathione (P = .01). At histopathologic analysis, less acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and cellular swelling was noted in the NAC group (P = .002 and P = .005, respectively). In the aprotinin group, histopathologic analysis revealed less tissue damage in terms of ATN (P < .001, cellular swelling (P < .001), and vacuolysis (P = .002). Compared with the NAC group, ATN (P = .01), vacuolysis (P = .04), and congestion (P = .05) were significantly less in the aprotinin group."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcysteine",
"Animals",
"Aprotinin",
"Glutathione",
"Inflammation",
"Kidney",
"Kidney Tubules",
"Malondialdehyde",
"Necrosis",
"Nephrectomy",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Serine Proteinase Inhibitors"
]
} | Our results suggest that administration of aprotinin attenuates renal I/R injury. This observation has potential application for kidney preservation for transplantation, for aortic surgery, and for renal artery interventions by protecting cells from free radical damage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does serine protease inhibitor aprotinin ameliorate renal injury in a rat model of ischemia-perfusion injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury may occur after renal transplantation, thoracoabdominal aortic surgery, and renal artery interventions.', 'To investigate the therapeutic effects of aprotinin on tissue protection against I/R injury in a rat model. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, was also tested to assess the experimental model.', 'Twenty-four rats were categorized into 3 groups of 8 rats each: those receiving isotonic sodium chloride solution (control group); NAC, 150 mg/kg; and aprotinin, 40,000 KIU/kg. The animals underwent unilateral nephrectomy after 60 minutes of warm ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion of the kidney. Malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation marker, and antioxidant glutathione levels were measured in the kidney parenchyma. Tissue samples were obtained for histologic analysis.', 'Compared with the control group, the NAC group demonstrated significantly low levels of malondialdehyde (P = .04) and high levels of glutathione (P = .01). At histopathologic analysis, less acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and cellular swelling was noted in the NAC group (P = .002 and P = .005, respectively). In the aprotinin group, histopathologic analysis revealed less tissue damage in terms of ATN (P < .001, cellular swelling (P < .001), and vacuolysis (P = .002). Compared with the NAC group, ATN (P = .01), vacuolysis (P = .04), and congestion (P = .05) were significantly less in the aprotinin group.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcysteine', 'Animals', 'Aprotinin', 'Glutathione', 'Inflammation', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Necrosis', 'Nephrectomy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Serine Proteinase Inhibitors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,655 | Is diffusion tensor imaging of the posterior cingulate a useful biomarker of mild cognitive impairment? | {
"contexts": [
"Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is recognized as a predementia state, but its definition is inconsistent and only 20%-30% develop dementia after 2 years. Biomarkers may help identify individuals at greatest risk of progressive decline. The authors examine a novel neuroimaging technique, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a potential biomarker of MCI.",
"Cross-sectional prospective study.",
"Subjects were recruited randomly using the electoral roll from two electorates in East Sydney, Australia.",
"A community-dwelling sample (N = 249) and age 70-90 years.",
"Screening to exclude dementia, comprehensive neuropsychiatric assessment, cognitive test battery, structural magnetic resonance imaging and DTI to obtain measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). MCI was diagnosed by standard criteria.",
"After controlling for age, sex, and years of education, the amnestic MCI (aMCI) group demonstrated microstructural pathology in the parahippocampal white matter, frontal white matter, splenium of corpus callosum, and posterior cingulate region. The nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) group demonstrated microstructural pathology in the frontal white matter, internal capsule, occipital white matter, and the posterior cingulate region. A binary logistic regression model showed that DTI of the left posterior cingulate was significant in identifying persons with aMCI to an accuracy of 85.1%. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis yielded a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 60.3% in distinguishing aMCI from naMCI and the normal comparison group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Amnesia",
"Biomarkers",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Corpus Callosum",
"Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Dominance, Cerebral",
"Extracellular Fluid",
"Female",
"Frontal Lobe",
"Gyrus Cinguli",
"Humans",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Male",
"Mental Status Schedule",
"Nerve Fibers, Myelinated",
"Neural Pathways",
"Neuropsychological Tests",
"Occipital Lobe",
"Parahippocampal Gyrus",
"Risk Assessment"
]
} | DTI of the posterior cingulate region discriminates MCI from cognitively normal individuals with accuracy and has the potential to be used as a biomarker of MCI, in particular aMCI. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is diffusion tensor imaging of the posterior cingulate a useful biomarker of mild cognitive impairment?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is recognized as a predementia state, but its definition is inconsistent and only 20%-30% develop dementia after 2 years. Biomarkers may help identify individuals at greatest risk of progressive decline. The authors examine a novel neuroimaging technique, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a potential biomarker of MCI.', 'Cross-sectional prospective study.', 'Subjects were recruited randomly using the electoral roll from two electorates in East Sydney, Australia.', 'A community-dwelling sample (N = 249) and age 70-90 years.', 'Screening to exclude dementia, comprehensive neuropsychiatric assessment, cognitive test battery, structural magnetic resonance imaging and DTI to obtain measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). MCI was diagnosed by standard criteria.', 'After controlling for age, sex, and years of education, the amnestic MCI (aMCI) group demonstrated microstructural pathology in the parahippocampal white matter, frontal white matter, splenium of corpus callosum, and posterior cingulate region. The nonamnestic MCI (naMCI) group demonstrated microstructural pathology in the frontal white matter, internal capsule, occipital white matter, and the posterior cingulate region. A binary logistic regression model showed that DTI of the left posterior cingulate was significant in identifying persons with aMCI to an accuracy of 85.1%. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis yielded a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 60.3% in distinguishing aMCI from naMCI and the normal comparison group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amnesia', 'Biomarkers', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Corpus Callosum', 'Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Extracellular Fluid', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Gyrus Cinguli', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Mental Status Schedule', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Neural Pathways', 'Neuropsychological Tests', 'Occipital Lobe', 'Parahippocampal Gyrus', 'Risk Assessment']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,530 | Do osteoblasts play key roles in the mechanisms of action of strontium ranelate? | {
"contexts": [
"Strontium ranelate reduces fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Evidence from non-clinical studies and analyses of bone markers in phase III trials indicate that this is due to an increase in osteoblast formation and a decrease of osteoclastic resorption. The aim of this work was to investigate, in human cells, the mechanisms by which strontium ranelate is able to influence the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.",
"Human primary osteoblasts were used to examine effects of strontium ranelate on replication (thymidine incorporation), differentiation (Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase) and cell survival (cell counts and caspase activity). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and elisa and receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand (RANKL) by qRT-PCR and Western blot. As strontium ranelate has been proposed as an agonist of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), the involvement of CaSR in the effects of strontium ranelate on OPG and RANKL expression, and cell replication was examined using siRNA.",
"Strontium ranelate increased mRNA and protein levels of OPG and suppressed those of RANKL. Strontium ranelate also stimulated osteoblast replication and differentiation and increased cell survival under stress. Knocking down CaSR suppressed strontium ranelate-induced stimulation of OPG mRNA, reduction of RANKL mRNA, and increase in replication, indicating the involvement of CaSR in these responses."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anabolic Agents",
"Bone Density Conservation Agents",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cell Survival",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Gene Knockdown Techniques",
"Humans",
"Organometallic Compounds",
"Osteoblasts",
"Osteoclasts",
"Osteoprotegerin",
"RANK Ligand",
"RNA, Messenger",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Receptors, Calcium-Sensing",
"Thiophenes"
]
} | Our results demonstrate that osteoblasts play a key role in the mechanism of action of the anti-fracture agent, strontium ranelate by mediating both its anabolic and anti-resorptive actions, at least in part, via activation of CaSR. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do osteoblasts play key roles in the mechanisms of action of strontium ranelate?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Strontium ranelate reduces fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Evidence from non-clinical studies and analyses of bone markers in phase III trials indicate that this is due to an increase in osteoblast formation and a decrease of osteoclastic resorption. The aim of this work was to investigate, in human cells, the mechanisms by which strontium ranelate is able to influence the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.', 'Human primary osteoblasts were used to examine effects of strontium ranelate on replication (thymidine incorporation), differentiation (Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase) and cell survival (cell counts and caspase activity). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and elisa and receptor activator of NFkappaB ligand (RANKL) by qRT-PCR and Western blot. As strontium ranelate has been proposed as an agonist of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), the involvement of CaSR in the effects of strontium ranelate on OPG and RANKL expression, and cell replication was examined using siRNA.', 'Strontium ranelate increased mRNA and protein levels of OPG and suppressed those of RANKL. Strontium ranelate also stimulated osteoblast replication and differentiation and increased cell survival under stress. Knocking down CaSR suppressed strontium ranelate-induced stimulation of OPG mRNA, reduction of RANKL mRNA, and increase in replication, indicating the involvement of CaSR in these responses.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anabolic Agents', 'Bone Density Conservation Agents', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Humans', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteoclasts', 'Osteoprotegerin', 'RANK Ligand', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Receptors, Calcium-Sensing', 'Thiophenes']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,567,535 | Do adenomatous human parathyroid cells exhibit impaired sensitivity to L-amino acids? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary hyperparathyroidism, which occurs most commonly in patients with adenomatous disease of a single parathyroid gland, arises as a result of impaired extracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)(o))-dependent feedback on PTH secretion, a process mediated by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR).",
"Because the Ca(2+)(o) sensitivity of the CaR is positively modulated by L-amino acids, we decided to investigate whether the impaired feedback of PTH secretion in adenomatous parathyroid cells might arise from decreased sensitivity to L-amino acids.",
"Samples of normal and adenomatous human parathyroid cells were prepared by collagenase treatment and then exposed in vitro to various concentrations of Ca(2+)(o) or the CaR-active amino acid, L-phenylalanine (L-Phe).",
"Excess normal parathyroid tissue was obtained from parathyroid autotransplants at the time of thyroid surgery. Samples of adenomatous tissue were obtained from histologically confirmed parathyroid adenomas.",
"The primary measure was sensitivity of Ca(2+)(o)-dependent PTH secretion to the amino acid L-Phe. The secondary measure was sensitivity of Ca(2+)(o)-dependent intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization to L-Phe.",
"Parathyroid adenomas exhibited reduced sensitivity to the CaR-active amino acid L-Phe, which affected both Ca(2+)(o)-dependent PTH secretion and Ca(2+)(o)-dependent intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization as a measure of CaR-dependent signaling in parathyroid cells."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenoma",
"Amino Acids",
"Calcium",
"Feedback, Physiological",
"Humans",
"Parathyroid Glands",
"Parathyroid Hormone",
"Parathyroid Neoplasms",
"Phenylalanine",
"Receptors, Calcium-Sensing"
]
} | Impaired L-amino acid sensing by calcium-sensing receptors in adenomatous parathyroid cells contributes to the loss of feedback control of PTH secretion in primary hyperparathyroidism. The CaR's amino acid binding site may be exploited as a target in the medical treatment of primary and perhaps other forms of hyperparathyroidism. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do adenomatous human parathyroid cells exhibit impaired sensitivity to L-amino acids?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Primary hyperparathyroidism, which occurs most commonly in patients with adenomatous disease of a single parathyroid gland, arises as a result of impaired extracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)(o))-dependent feedback on PTH secretion, a process mediated by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR).', 'Because the Ca(2+)(o) sensitivity of the CaR is positively modulated by L-amino acids, we decided to investigate whether the impaired feedback of PTH secretion in adenomatous parathyroid cells might arise from decreased sensitivity to L-amino acids.', 'Samples of normal and adenomatous human parathyroid cells were prepared by collagenase treatment and then exposed in vitro to various concentrations of Ca(2+)(o) or the CaR-active amino acid, L-phenylalanine (L-Phe).', 'Excess normal parathyroid tissue was obtained from parathyroid autotransplants at the time of thyroid surgery. Samples of adenomatous tissue were obtained from histologically confirmed parathyroid adenomas.', 'The primary measure was sensitivity of Ca(2+)(o)-dependent PTH secretion to the amino acid L-Phe. The secondary measure was sensitivity of Ca(2+)(o)-dependent intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization to L-Phe.', 'Parathyroid adenomas exhibited reduced sensitivity to the CaR-active amino acid L-Phe, which affected both Ca(2+)(o)-dependent PTH secretion and Ca(2+)(o)-dependent intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization as a measure of CaR-dependent signaling in parathyroid cells.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenoma', 'Amino Acids', 'Calcium', 'Feedback, Physiological', 'Humans', 'Parathyroid Glands', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Parathyroid Neoplasms', 'Phenylalanine', 'Receptors, Calcium-Sensing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,879 | Is immunoreactive endomorphin 2 generated extracellularly in rat isolated L4,5 dorsal root ganglia by DPP-IV? | {
"contexts": [
"The gene(s) encoding for endomorphin precursor(s) is/are still unknown. We have raised the possibility of and did find some evidence for a potential de novo biosynthetic route starting from Tyr-Pro precursor. To pursue further this possibility we measured the generation of immunoreactive endomorphin-2 (E2-IR) in adult rat isolated L4,5 dorsal root ganglia."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Membrane",
"Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4",
"Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors",
"Ganglia, Spinal",
"Oligopeptides",
"Pilot Projects",
"Rats"
]
} | In rat isolated dorsal root ganglia the combination of presumed biosynthetic precursor of endomorphin 2 (E2), Tyr-Pro with the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor Ile-Pro-Ile generated 1.60+/-0.37 pg/mg Wet Tissue Weight_30 min E2-IR in the bathing fluid (n=4) with an 8-fold increase upon depolarization whereas the tissue content was low (0.50+/-0.08 pg/mg_WTW). Substance P, as determined by ELISA in the pilot experiments, was found almost exclusively within the tissues. It is concluded that E2-IR was generated extracellularly by a membrane-bound DPP-IV, which was switched to "synthase" mode by the hydrolase inhibitor Ile-Pro-Ile. DPP-IV was depolarization-sensitive in "synthase" functional mode. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is immunoreactive endomorphin 2 generated extracellularly in rat isolated L4,5 dorsal root ganglia by DPP-IV?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The gene(s) encoding for endomorphin precursor(s) is/are still unknown. We have raised the possibility of and did find some evidence for a potential de novo biosynthetic route starting from Tyr-Pro precursor. To pursue further this possibility we measured the generation of immunoreactive endomorphin-2 (E2-IR) in adult rat isolated L4,5 dorsal root ganglia.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4', 'Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Oligopeptides', 'Pilot Projects', 'Rats']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,716 | Is postprandial walking better for lowering the glycemic effect of dinner than pre-dinner exercise in type 2 diabetic individuals? | {
"contexts": [
"In prior studies of exercise done before or after breakfast and lunch, postprandial activity generally reduces glycemia more than pre-meal. This study sought to examine the effects of exercise before or after an evening meal.",
"Examined the differing effects of a single bout of pre- or postprandial moderate exercise or no exercise on the glycemic response to an evening (dinner) meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes.",
"Community-dwelling participants tested at a research university in Virginia.",
"Twelve men and women subjects (mean age of 61.4+/-2.7 years) with type 2 diabetes treated with diet and/or oral medications.",
"Three trials conducted on separate days consisting of a rest day when subjects consumed a standardized dinner with a moderate glycemic effect and 2 exercise days when they undertook 20 minutes of self-paced treadmill walking immediately before or 15 to 20 minutes after eating.",
"Blood samples taken every 30 minutes over a 4-hour period and later assayed for plasma glucose; from these data both absolute and relative changes in glucose levels were determined, as well as the total glucose area under the curve (AUC) of the 4-hour testing period. Initial samples were additionally assayed for glycated hemoglobin and lipid levels.",
"Twenty minutes of self-paced walking done shortly after meal consumption resulted in lower plasma glucose levels at the end of exercise compared to values at the same time point when subjects had walked pre-dinner. Total glucose AUC over 4-hours was not significantly different among trials."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Glucose",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Female",
"Glycemic Index",
"Humans",
"Hyperglycemia",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Virginia",
"Walking"
]
} | Postprandial walking may be more effective at lowering the glycemic impact of the evening meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with pre-meal or no exercise and may be an effective means to blunt postprandial glycemic excursions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is postprandial walking better for lowering the glycemic effect of dinner than pre-dinner exercise in type 2 diabetic individuals?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In prior studies of exercise done before or after breakfast and lunch, postprandial activity generally reduces glycemia more than pre-meal. This study sought to examine the effects of exercise before or after an evening meal.', 'Examined the differing effects of a single bout of pre- or postprandial moderate exercise or no exercise on the glycemic response to an evening (dinner) meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes.', 'Community-dwelling participants tested at a research university in Virginia.', 'Twelve men and women subjects (mean age of 61.4+/-2.7 years) with type 2 diabetes treated with diet and/or oral medications.', 'Three trials conducted on separate days consisting of a rest day when subjects consumed a standardized dinner with a moderate glycemic effect and 2 exercise days when they undertook 20 minutes of self-paced treadmill walking immediately before or 15 to 20 minutes after eating.', 'Blood samples taken every 30 minutes over a 4-hour period and later assayed for plasma glucose; from these data both absolute and relative changes in glucose levels were determined, as well as the total glucose area under the curve (AUC) of the 4-hour testing period. Initial samples were additionally assayed for glycated hemoglobin and lipid levels.', 'Twenty minutes of self-paced walking done shortly after meal consumption resulted in lower plasma glucose levels at the end of exercise compared to values at the same time point when subjects had walked pre-dinner. Total glucose AUC over 4-hours was not significantly different among trials.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Glycemic Index', 'Humans', 'Hyperglycemia', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Virginia', 'Walking']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,566,756 | Is smaller amygdala associated with anxiety in patients with panic disorder? | {
"contexts": [
"Anxiety a core feature of panic disorder, is linked to function of the amygdala. Volume alterations in the brain of patients with panic disorder have previously been reported, but there has been no report of amygdala volume association with anxiety.",
"Volumes of hippocampus and amygdala were manually measured using magnetic resonance imaging obtained from 27 patients with panic disorder and 30 healthy comparison subjects. In addition the amygdala was focused on, applying small volume correction to optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the NEO Personality Inventory Revised were also used to evaluate anxiety.",
"Amygdala volumes in both hemispheres were significantly smaller in patients with panic disorder compared with control subjects (left: t = -2.248, d.f. = 55, P = 0.029; right: t = -2.892, d.f. = 55, P = 0.005). VBM showed that structural alteration in the panic disorder group occurred on the corticomedial nuclear group within the right amygdala (coordinates [x,y,z (mm)]: [26,-6,-16], Z score = 3.92, family-wise error-corrected P = 0.002). The state anxiety was negatively correlated with the left amygdala volume in patients with panic disorder (r = -0.545, P = 0.016)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Amygdala",
"Anxiety",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Hippocampus",
"Humans",
"Hypothalamus",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Panic Disorder",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales"
]
} | These findings suggested that the smaller volume of the amygdala may be associated with anxiety in panic disorder. Of note, the smaller subregion in the amygdala estimated on VBM could correspond to the corticomedial nuclear group including the central nucleus, which may play a crucial role in panic attack. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is smaller amygdala associated with anxiety in patients with panic disorder?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Anxiety a core feature of panic disorder, is linked to function of the amygdala. Volume alterations in the brain of patients with panic disorder have previously been reported, but there has been no report of amygdala volume association with anxiety.', 'Volumes of hippocampus and amygdala were manually measured using magnetic resonance imaging obtained from 27 patients with panic disorder and 30 healthy comparison subjects. In addition the amygdala was focused on, applying small volume correction to optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the NEO Personality Inventory Revised were also used to evaluate anxiety.', 'Amygdala volumes in both hemispheres were significantly smaller in patients with panic disorder compared with control subjects (left: t = -2.248, d.f. = 55, P = 0.029; right: t = -2.892, d.f. = 55, P = 0.005). VBM showed that structural alteration in the panic disorder group occurred on the corticomedial nuclear group within the right amygdala (coordinates [x,y,z (mm)]: [26,-6,-16], Z score = 3.92, family-wise error-corrected P = 0.002). The state anxiety was negatively correlated with the left amygdala volume in patients with panic disorder (r = -0.545, P = 0.016).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Amygdala', 'Anxiety', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Hippocampus', 'Humans', 'Hypothalamus', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Panic Disorder', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,768 | Do hPV16 tumor associated macrophages suppress antitumor T cell responses? | {
"contexts": [
"High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for cervical cancer. The severity of HPV-associated cervical lesions has been correlated to the number of infiltrating macrophages. The objective of this work is to characterize the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) on the immune cellular response against the tumor.",
"We used the HPV16 E6- and E7-expressing TC-1 mouse tumor model to study the effect of TAM on T-cell function in vitro, and depleted TAM, using clodronate-containing liposomes, to characterize its role in vivo.",
"TAM, characterized by the positive expression of CD45, F4/80, and CD11b, formed the major population of infiltrating tumor cells. TAM displayed high basal Arginase I activity, producing interleukin-10 (IL-10); they were resistant to iNOSII activity induction, therefore reversion to M1 phenotype, when stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide/IFNgamma, indicating an M2 phentoype. In cultures of isolated TAM, TAM induced regulatory phenotype, characterized by IL-10 and Foxp3 expression, and inhibited proliferation of CD8 lymphocytes. In vivo, depletion of TAM inhibited tumor growth and stimulated the infiltration of tumors by HPV16 E7(49-57)-specific CD8 lymphocytes, whereas depletion of Gr1(+) tumor-associated cells had no effect."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antigens, Differentiation",
"Arginase",
"CD11b Antigen",
"Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia",
"Female",
"Human papillomavirus 16",
"Humans",
"Immune Tolerance",
"Leukocyte Common Antigens",
"Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating",
"Macrophages",
"Mice",
"Papillomavirus Infections",
"T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured",
"Uterine Cervical Neoplasms"
]
} | M2-like macrophages infiltrate HPV16-associated tumors causing suppression of antitumor T-cell response, thus facilitating tumor growth. Depletion or phenotype alteration of this population should be considered in immunotherapy strategies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do hPV16 tumor associated macrophages suppress antitumor T cell responses?\nContext: {'contexts': ['High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for cervical cancer. The severity of HPV-associated cervical lesions has been correlated to the number of infiltrating macrophages. The objective of this work is to characterize the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) on the immune cellular response against the tumor.', 'We used the HPV16 E6- and E7-expressing TC-1 mouse tumor model to study the effect of TAM on T-cell function in vitro, and depleted TAM, using clodronate-containing liposomes, to characterize its role in vivo.', 'TAM, characterized by the positive expression of CD45, F4/80, and CD11b, formed the major population of infiltrating tumor cells. TAM displayed high basal Arginase I activity, producing interleukin-10 (IL-10); they were resistant to iNOSII activity induction, therefore reversion to M1 phenotype, when stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide/IFNgamma, indicating an M2 phentoype. In cultures of isolated TAM, TAM induced regulatory phenotype, characterized by IL-10 and Foxp3 expression, and inhibited proliferation of CD8 lymphocytes. In vivo, depletion of TAM inhibited tumor growth and stimulated the infiltration of tumors by HPV16 E7(49-57)-specific CD8 lymphocytes, whereas depletion of Gr1(+) tumor-associated cells had no effect.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'Arginase', 'CD11b Antigen', 'Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia', 'Female', 'Human papillomavirus 16', 'Humans', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Leukocyte Common Antigens', 'Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating', 'Macrophages', 'Mice', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,554,246 | Does femoral bone mineral density reflect histologically determined cortical bone volume in hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated the associations between dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and histologically determined cancellous and cortical bone volume by controlling for vascular calcifications and demographic variables in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Femoral bone mineral density (f-BMD) was associated with cortical porosity.",
"Assessment of bone mass in chronic kidney disease patients is of clinical importance because of the association between low bone volume, fractures, and vascular calcifications. DXA is used for noninvasive assessment of bone mass whereby vertebral results reflect mainly cancellous bone and femoral results reflect mainly cortical bone. Bone histology allows direct measurements of cancellous and cortical bone volume. The present study evaluates the association between DXA and histologically determined cancellous and cortical bone volumes in HD patients.",
"In 38 HD patients, DXA was performed for assessment of bone mass, anterior iliac crest bone biopsies for bone volume, and multislice computed tomography for vascular calcifications.",
"While lumbar bone mineral density (l-BMD) by DXA was not associated with histologically measured cancellous bone volume, coronary Agatson score showed a borderline statistically significant association (P = 0.055). When controlled for age and dialysis duration, f-BMD by DXA was associated with cortical porosity determined by histology (P = 0.005)."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Absorptiometry, Photon",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Biopsy",
"Bone Density",
"Calcinosis",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Femur",
"Humans",
"Ilium",
"Kidney Failure, Chronic",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Porosity",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Vascular Diseases",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The usefulness of l-BMD for predicting bone volume is limited most probably because of interference by soft tissue calcifications. In contrast, f-BMD shows significant association with cortical porosity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does femoral bone mineral density reflect histologically determined cortical bone volume in hemodialysis patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We evaluated the associations between dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and histologically determined cancellous and cortical bone volume by controlling for vascular calcifications and demographic variables in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Femoral bone mineral density (f-BMD) was associated with cortical porosity.', 'Assessment of bone mass in chronic kidney disease patients is of clinical importance because of the association between low bone volume, fractures, and vascular calcifications. DXA is used for noninvasive assessment of bone mass whereby vertebral results reflect mainly cancellous bone and femoral results reflect mainly cortical bone. Bone histology allows direct measurements of cancellous and cortical bone volume. The present study evaluates the association between DXA and histologically determined cancellous and cortical bone volumes in HD patients.', 'In 38 HD patients, DXA was performed for assessment of bone mass, anterior iliac crest bone biopsies for bone volume, and multislice computed tomography for vascular calcifications.', 'While lumbar bone mineral density (l-BMD) by DXA was not associated with histologically measured cancellous bone volume, coronary Agatson score showed a borderline statistically significant association (P = 0.055). When controlled for age and dialysis duration, f-BMD by DXA was associated with cortical porosity determined by histology (P = 0.005).'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Biopsy', 'Bone Density', 'Calcinosis', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Humans', 'Ilium', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Porosity', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Vascular Diseases', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,268 | Does bilateral L1 and L2 dorsal root ganglion block for discogenic low-back pain? | {
"contexts": [
"It is possible that interruption of nociceptive input from intervertebral discs can be modulated through bilateral L1 and L2 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) blockade. In order to test this hypothesis, we prospectively collected data from patients with low-lumbar pain, accurately diagnosed as discogenic using provocation discography.",
"Twelve patients were recruited with a mean (sd) symptom duration of 13.7 (8.2) years. Bilateral DRG blocks of L1 and L2 were performed using methylprednisolone 80 mg, clonidine 75 microg and 0.5% bupivacaine 4 ml in each patient.",
"Analysis of Brief Pain Inventories showed no significant change in pain scores."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activities of Daily Living",
"Adult",
"Female",
"Ganglia, Spinal",
"Humans",
"Intervertebral Disc",
"Intervertebral Disc Displacement",
"Low Back Pain",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nerve Block",
"Pain Measurement",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | We conclude that blocks of this nociceptive pathway in humans using bilateral DRG blocks has no therapeutic value. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does bilateral L1 and L2 dorsal root ganglion block for discogenic low-back pain?\nContext: {'contexts': ['It is possible that interruption of nociceptive input from intervertebral discs can be modulated through bilateral L1 and L2 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) blockade. In order to test this hypothesis, we prospectively collected data from patients with low-lumbar pain, accurately diagnosed as discogenic using provocation discography.', 'Twelve patients were recruited with a mean (sd) symptom duration of 13.7 (8.2) years. Bilateral DRG blocks of L1 and L2 were performed using methylprednisolone 80 mg, clonidine 75 microg and 0.5% bupivacaine 4 ml in each patient.', 'Analysis of Brief Pain Inventories showed no significant change in pain scores.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Ganglia, Spinal', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Low Back Pain', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Block', 'Pain Measurement', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,542,481 | Is daily physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mainly associated with dynamic hyperinflation? | {
"contexts": [
"Although the major limitation to exercise performance in patients with COPD is dynamic hyperinflation, little is known about its relation to daily physical activity.",
"To analyze the contribution of dynamic hyperinflation, exercise tolerance, and airway oxidative stress to physical activity in patients with COPD.",
"In a cross-sectional study, we included 110 patients with moderate to very severe COPD. Daily physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer providing a mean of 1-minute movement epochs as vector magnitude units (VMU). Patients performed the 6-minute walk test, incremental exercise test with measurement of breathing pattern and operating lung volumes, and constant-work rate test at 75% of maximal work rate.",
"Using the GOLD stage and BODE index, we determined arterial blood gases, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate. Daily physical activity was lower in the 89 patients who developed dynamic hyperinflation than in the 21 who did not (n =161 [SD 70] vs. n = 288 [SD 85] VMU; P = 0.001). Physical activity was mainly related to distance walked in 6 minutes (r = 0.72; P = 0.001), Vo(2) (r = 0.63; P = 0.001), change in end-expiratory lung volume during exercise (r = -0.73; P = 0.001), endurance time (r = 0.61; P = 0.001), and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (r = -0.67; P = 0.001). In a multivariate linear regression analysis using VMU as a dependent variable, dynamic hyperinflation, change in end-expiratory lung volume, and distance walked in 6 minutes were retained in the prediction model (r(2) = 0.84; P = 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activities of Daily Living",
"Aged",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Exercise Tolerance",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Monitoring, Ambulatory",
"Motor Activity",
"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive",
"Pulmonary Ventilation",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Respiratory Mechanics",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Walking"
]
} | Daily physical activity of patients with COPD is mainly associated with dynamic hyperinflation, regardless of severity classification. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is daily physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mainly associated with dynamic hyperinflation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although the major limitation to exercise performance in patients with COPD is dynamic hyperinflation, little is known about its relation to daily physical activity.', 'To analyze the contribution of dynamic hyperinflation, exercise tolerance, and airway oxidative stress to physical activity in patients with COPD.', 'In a cross-sectional study, we included 110 patients with moderate to very severe COPD. Daily physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer providing a mean of 1-minute movement epochs as vector magnitude units (VMU). Patients performed the 6-minute walk test, incremental exercise test with measurement of breathing pattern and operating lung volumes, and constant-work rate test at 75% of maximal work rate.', 'Using the GOLD stage and BODE index, we determined arterial blood gases, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate. Daily physical activity was lower in the 89 patients who developed dynamic hyperinflation than in the 21 who did not (n =161 [SD 70] vs. n = 288 [SD 85] VMU; P = 0.001). Physical activity was mainly related to distance walked in 6 minutes (r = 0.72; P = 0.001), Vo(2) (r = 0.63; P = 0.001), change in end-expiratory lung volume during exercise (r = -0.73; P = 0.001), endurance time (r = 0.61; P = 0.001), and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate (r = -0.67; P = 0.001). In a multivariate linear regression analysis using VMU as a dependent variable, dynamic hyperinflation, change in end-expiratory lung volume, and distance walked in 6 minutes were retained in the prediction model (r(2) = 0.84; P = 0.001).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Ambulatory', 'Motor Activity', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Pulmonary Ventilation', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Walking']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,553,231 | Is the diagnostic value of provocative clinical tests in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow marginal? | {
"contexts": [
"Provocative clinical tests are often performed in the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) although the evidence for the usefulness of these tests is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of provocative clinical tests in the diagnosis of UNE in a relevant spectrum of patients and controls.",
"A prospective cohort study was performed in consecutive patients clinically suspected of having UNE. All patients underwent a neurological examination and four commonly used provocative clinical tests (Tinel's test, flexion compression test, palpating for local ulnar nerve tenderness and nerve thickening). Subsequently, in all patients a reference standard test comprising electrophysiological studies and neurosonography was independently assessed.",
"192 eligible patients completed the study protocol. UNE was diagnosed in 137 and an alternative diagnosis was made in 55 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were as follows: Tinel's test 62%, 53%, 77% and 30%; flexion compression test 61%, 40%, 72% and 29%; palpating for nerve thickening 28%, 87%, 84% and 33%; and palpating for nerve tenderness 32%, 80%, 80% and 32%. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the added value of one or more provocative tests over routine clinical examination is minimal."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Elbow",
"False Negative Reactions",
"False Positive Reactions",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Motor Neurons",
"Neural Conduction",
"Palpation",
"Prospective Studies",
"ROC Curve",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Ulnar Nerve",
"Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes",
"Ulnar Neuropathies",
"Ultrasonography",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The diagnostic value of provocative clinical tests in UNE is poor. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the diagnostic value of provocative clinical tests in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow marginal?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Provocative clinical tests are often performed in the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) although the evidence for the usefulness of these tests is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of provocative clinical tests in the diagnosis of UNE in a relevant spectrum of patients and controls.', \"A prospective cohort study was performed in consecutive patients clinically suspected of having UNE. All patients underwent a neurological examination and four commonly used provocative clinical tests (Tinel's test, flexion compression test, palpating for local ulnar nerve tenderness and nerve thickening). Subsequently, in all patients a reference standard test comprising electrophysiological studies and neurosonography was independently assessed.\", \"192 eligible patients completed the study protocol. UNE was diagnosed in 137 and an alternative diagnosis was made in 55 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were as follows: Tinel's test 62%, 53%, 77% and 30%; flexion compression test 61%, 40%, 72% and 29%; palpating for nerve thickening 28%, 87%, 84% and 33%; and palpating for nerve tenderness 32%, 80%, 80% and 32%. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the added value of one or more provocative tests over routine clinical examination is minimal.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Elbow', 'False Negative Reactions', 'False Positive Reactions', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Neurons', 'Neural Conduction', 'Palpation', 'Prospective Studies', 'ROC Curve', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Ulnar Nerve', 'Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes', 'Ulnar Neuropathies', 'Ultrasonography', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,566,761 | Do thyroid hormones affect recovery from depression during antidepressant treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether thyroid hormonal changes during menopause may affect the development and the course of major depressive disorder.",
"Thirty-nine female patients (n = 17 in pre-menopause; n = 22 in post-menopause) with major depressive disorder based on Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) criteria and who were euthyroid and not on hormonal replacement therapy, participated in a prospective, 6-week, open-label naturalistic study. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 item, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impression scale and the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire were administered at baseline, week 1, week 3, and week 6. Levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, total thyroxine and total triiodothyronine were collected at baseline visit.",
"In the whole sample, particularly in pre-menopausal women, levels of thyroid stimulating hormone-potential markers of subclinical hypothyroidism were correlated with those of less severe but more resistant depressive form. Conversely, total thyroxine levels were correlated with a more severe depression, but high levels of this hormone favored the response to antidepressants. Overall, a diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with a poor response to antidepressant treatment. Finally, total triiodothyronine levels were associated with better cognitive functioning, though they did not influence improvement occurring with recovery."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antidepressive Agents",
"Cognition",
"Depressive Disorder, Major",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Middle Aged",
"Postmenopause",
"Premenopause",
"Thyroid Hormones",
"Thyrotropin"
]
} | Our study suggests that thyroid hormones may have an impact on severity and efficacy of antidepressant treatment. However, our result should be considered with caution and merely as a suggestion due to some methodological limitations. Hence further studies are required to better ascertain the role of thyroid hormones in depression after menopause. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do thyroid hormones affect recovery from depression during antidepressant treatment?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether thyroid hormonal changes during menopause may affect the development and the course of major depressive disorder.', 'Thirty-nine female patients (n = 17 in pre-menopause; n = 22 in post-menopause) with major depressive disorder based on Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) criteria and who were euthyroid and not on hormonal replacement therapy, participated in a prospective, 6-week, open-label naturalistic study. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 item, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impression scale and the Cognitive Failure Questionnaire were administered at baseline, week 1, week 3, and week 6. Levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, total thyroxine and total triiodothyronine were collected at baseline visit.', 'In the whole sample, particularly in pre-menopausal women, levels of thyroid stimulating hormone-potential markers of subclinical hypothyroidism were correlated with those of less severe but more resistant depressive form. Conversely, total thyroxine levels were correlated with a more severe depression, but high levels of this hormone favored the response to antidepressants. Overall, a diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with a poor response to antidepressant treatment. Finally, total triiodothyronine levels were associated with better cognitive functioning, though they did not influence improvement occurring with recovery.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Cognition', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Postmenopause', 'Premenopause', 'Thyroid Hormones', 'Thyrotropin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,279 | Does emergency ambulance transport induce stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Trials with healthy volunteers have shown that emergency ambulance transportation induces stress, which becomes evident by an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and plasma levels of stress hormones such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol and prolactin. A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that emergency ambulance transportation may also lead to stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome.",
"Venous plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and lactate as well as visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain and anxiety were measured in 32 patients with defined clinical signs of acute coronary syndrome before and after transportation. Heart rate, blood pressure and transcutaneous oxygen saturation levels were recorded every 3 min.",
"Mean (SD) plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly (p<0.01) during transportation (159.29 (55.34) ng/l and 632.53 (156.32) ng/l before transportation vs 211.03 (70.12) ng/l and 782.93 (173.95) ng/l after transportation), while lactate levels, heart rate and mean blood pressure remained almost stable. There was no significant change in mean (SD) VAS scores for pain and anxiety (3.79 (3.70) and 2.89 (3.01) vs 2.13 (3.30) and 1.57 (2.78))."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Coronary Syndrome",
"Aged",
"Ambulances",
"Blood Pressure",
"Epinephrine",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Lactic Acid",
"Middle Aged",
"Norepinephrine",
"Pain",
"Pain Measurement",
"Stress, Psychological"
]
} | Emergency ambulance transportation induces a rise in plasma catecholamine levels and therefore stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome, but does not result in cardiac shock as lactate levels and haemodynamic parameters remain normal. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does emergency ambulance transport induce stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Trials with healthy volunteers have shown that emergency ambulance transportation induces stress, which becomes evident by an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and plasma levels of stress hormones such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol and prolactin. A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that emergency ambulance transportation may also lead to stress in patients with acute coronary syndrome.', 'Venous plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and lactate as well as visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain and anxiety were measured in 32 patients with defined clinical signs of acute coronary syndrome before and after transportation. Heart rate, blood pressure and transcutaneous oxygen saturation levels were recorded every 3 min.', 'Mean (SD) plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly (p<0.01) during transportation (159.29 (55.34) ng/l and 632.53 (156.32) ng/l before transportation vs 211.03 (70.12) ng/l and 782.93 (173.95) ng/l after transportation), while lactate levels, heart rate and mean blood pressure remained almost stable. There was no significant change in mean (SD) VAS scores for pain and anxiety (3.79 (3.70) and 2.89 (3.01) vs 2.13 (3.30) and 1.57 (2.78)).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Aged', 'Ambulances', 'Blood Pressure', 'Epinephrine', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Lactic Acid', 'Middle Aged', 'Norepinephrine', 'Pain', 'Pain Measurement', 'Stress, Psychological']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,696 | Does neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL ) reflect iron status in haemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"An iron deficiency is often present in haemodialysis (HD) patients; however, although transferrin saturation (TSAT) of <20% and/or serum ferritin of <200 ng/mL should express iron scarcity, in HD patients high ferritin levels could be related to inflammation rather than reflecting optimal iron stores.",
"The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a small siderophore-binding protein, in a cohort of 56 chronic HD patients in order to determine its possible relationships with iron status.",
"NGAL levels were markedly higher in HD patients than in healthy controls; furthermore, HD patients with TSAT <20% had lower NGAL values than healthy controls, whereas the correction of iron deficiency by means of chronic i.v. iron administration significantly increased NGAL values from baseline. Findings from univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that NGAL was a significant predictor of hsCRP, spKT/V and TSAT. In ROC analysis, a NGAL cut-off level of <or=473 ng/mL had a greater sensitivity and specificity than a ferritin level of <200 ng/mL in identifying iron deficiency among HD patients."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute-Phase Proteins",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Iron",
"Lipocalin-2",
"Lipocalins",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"ROC Curve",
"Regression Analysis",
"Renal Dialysis",
"Transferrin"
]
} | The findings demonstrated that HD patients have altered NGAL values probably because this protein is involved in the maintenance of iron equilibrium. Finally, NGAL might be proposed as a new tool in the assessment of iron deficiency and in the management of iron therapy for HD patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL ) reflect iron status in haemodialysis patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['An iron deficiency is often present in haemodialysis (HD) patients; however, although transferrin saturation (TSAT) of <20% and/or serum ferritin of <200 ng/mL should express iron scarcity, in HD patients high ferritin levels could be related to inflammation rather than reflecting optimal iron stores.', 'The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a small siderophore-binding protein, in a cohort of 56 chronic HD patients in order to determine its possible relationships with iron status.', 'NGAL levels were markedly higher in HD patients than in healthy controls; furthermore, HD patients with TSAT <20% had lower NGAL values than healthy controls, whereas the correction of iron deficiency by means of chronic i.v. iron administration significantly increased NGAL values from baseline. Findings from univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that NGAL was a significant predictor of hsCRP, spKT/V and TSAT. In ROC analysis, a NGAL cut-off level of <or=473 ng/mL had a greater sensitivity and specificity than a ferritin level of <200 ng/mL in identifying iron deficiency among HD patients.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute-Phase Proteins', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Lipocalin-2', 'Lipocalins', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'ROC Curve', 'Regression Analysis', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Transferrin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,692 | Does hypoxia interfere with connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) gene expression in human proximal tubular cell lines? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypoxia plays an important role in kidney injury. By the stabilization of the transcription factor HIF-1, hypoxia affects gene expression also in tubular epithelial cells. Increased expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is observed in different kidney diseases and is associated with deteriorating renal function. Therefore, we hypothesized that the expression of CTGF might be modulated under hypoxic conditions.",
"The human proximal tubular epithelial cell lines HK-2 and HKC-8 were treated with reduced oxygen tension (1% O(2)) or the hypoxia mimetic dimethyloxalyl glycine (DMOG). CTGF was analysed by Western blotting, real-time RT-PCR and luciferase gene expression assays.",
"Exposure of HK-2 or HKC-8 cells to hypoxia or treatment with DMOG for up to 24 h reduced cellular as well as secreted CTGF protein synthesis. Downregulation was also detectable at the mRNA level and was confirmed by reporter gene assays. Hypoxic repression of CTGF synthesis was dependent on HIF-1, as shown by HIF-1alpha knockdown by siRNA. Furthermore, exposure to hypoxia reduced CTGF synthesis in response to TGF-beta. A negative correlation between HIF-1alpha accumulation and CTGF synthesis was also observed in renal cell carcinoma cells (RCC4 and RCC10). Reexpression of von Hippel-Lindau protein reduced HIF-1alpha and increased CTGF synthesis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic",
"Carcinoma, Renal Cell",
"Cell Hypoxia",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Connective Tissue Growth Factor",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit",
"Kidney Neoplasms",
"Kidney Tubules, Proximal",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"Transforming Growth Factor beta1",
"Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein"
]
} | We provide evidence that hypoxia inhibits CTGF synthesis in human proximal tubular epithelial cells, involving HIF-1alpha. Under hypoxic conditions, induction of CTGF by TGF-beta was repressed. The reduced synthesis of the profibrotic factor CTGF may contribute to a potential protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning in acute renal injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hypoxia interfere with connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF ) gene expression in human proximal tubular cell lines?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hypoxia plays an important role in kidney injury. By the stabilization of the transcription factor HIF-1, hypoxia affects gene expression also in tubular epithelial cells. Increased expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is observed in different kidney diseases and is associated with deteriorating renal function. Therefore, we hypothesized that the expression of CTGF might be modulated under hypoxic conditions.', 'The human proximal tubular epithelial cell lines HK-2 and HKC-8 were treated with reduced oxygen tension (1% O(2)) or the hypoxia mimetic dimethyloxalyl glycine (DMOG). CTGF was analysed by Western blotting, real-time RT-PCR and luciferase gene expression assays.', 'Exposure of HK-2 or HKC-8 cells to hypoxia or treatment with DMOG for up to 24 h reduced cellular as well as secreted CTGF protein synthesis. Downregulation was also detectable at the mRNA level and was confirmed by reporter gene assays. Hypoxic repression of CTGF synthesis was dependent on HIF-1, as shown by HIF-1alpha knockdown by siRNA. Furthermore, exposure to hypoxia reduced CTGF synthesis in response to TGF-beta. A negative correlation between HIF-1alpha accumulation and CTGF synthesis was also observed in renal cell carcinoma cells (RCC4 and RCC10). Reexpression of von Hippel-Lindau protein reduced HIF-1alpha and increased CTGF synthesis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Cell Hypoxia', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Connective Tissue Growth Factor', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Kidney Tubules, Proximal', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,630 | Is increased expression of hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 (HABP1), a family of proteins interacting with hyaluronan (HA), had been associated with cell adhesion and tumor invasion. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between clinicopathologic factors and patient survival time with the expression of HABP1 in breast cancer patients.",
"Expression of HABP1 mRNA and protein were detected with real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining in 63 breast cancer and non-cancerous matched tissues.",
"The mRNA expression level of HABP1 was unrelated to the patient's age, tumor size, histological grade, TNM stage. However, it proved to be positively related to axillary nodes metastasis (P = 0.008). Furthermore, it was shown that the survival rate of patients with low HABP1 expression was significantly higher than that of patients with high HABP1 expression (P = 0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed that HABP1 mRNA expression level was a significant factor for predicting prognosis (P = 0.022). The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression level of HABP1 in breast cancer cells was higher than that in normal breast cells."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Axilla",
"Breast",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Carrier Proteins",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Mitochondrial Proteins",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Prognosis",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Survival Rate"
]
} | HABP1 might be an independent predictive factor for breast cancer prognosis and up-regulation of HABP1 might play an important role in the metastasis of breast cancer. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is increased expression of hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hyaluronic acid binding protein 1 (HABP1), a family of proteins interacting with hyaluronan (HA), had been associated with cell adhesion and tumor invasion. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between clinicopathologic factors and patient survival time with the expression of HABP1 in breast cancer patients.', 'Expression of HABP1 mRNA and protein were detected with real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining in 63 breast cancer and non-cancerous matched tissues.', \"The mRNA expression level of HABP1 was unrelated to the patient's age, tumor size, histological grade, TNM stage. However, it proved to be positively related to axillary nodes metastasis (P = 0.008). Furthermore, it was shown that the survival rate of patients with low HABP1 expression was significantly higher than that of patients with high HABP1 expression (P = 0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed that HABP1 mRNA expression level was a significant factor for predicting prognosis (P = 0.022). The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression level of HABP1 in breast cancer cells was higher than that in normal breast cells.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Axilla', 'Breast', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Mitochondrial Proteins', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prognosis', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Survival Rate']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,447 | Do ethnicity and OPRM variant independently predict pain perception and patient-controlled analgesia usage for post-operative pain? | {
"contexts": [
"Morphine consumption can vary widely between individuals even for identical surgical procedures. As mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) is known to modulate pain perception and mediate the analgesic effects of opioid compounds in the central nervous system, we examined the influence of two OPRM polymorphisms on acute post-operative pain and morphine usage in women undergoing elective caesarean delivery.",
"Data on self-reported pain scores and amount of total morphine use according to patient-controlled analgesia were collected from 994 women from the three main ethnic groups in Singapore. We found statistically significant association of the OPRM 118A>G with self-administered morphine during the first 24-hour postoperative period both in terms of total morphine (p = 1.7 x 10(-5)) and weight-adjusted morphine (p = 6.6 x 10(-5)). There was also significant association of this OPRM variant and time-averaged self-rated pain scores (p = 0.024). OPRM 118G homozygotes used more morphine and reported higher pain scores than 118A carriers. Other factors which influenced pain score and morphine usage include ethnicity, age and paying class."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analgesia, Patient-Controlled",
"Ethnic Groups",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Morphine",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pain, Postoperative",
"Pharmacogenetics",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Pregnancy",
"Receptors, Opioid, mu"
]
} | Our results suggest that ethnicity and OPRM 118A>G genotype are independent and significant contributors to variation in pain perception and postoperative morphine use in patients undergoing cesarean delivery. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do ethnicity and OPRM variant independently predict pain perception and patient-controlled analgesia usage for post-operative pain?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Morphine consumption can vary widely between individuals even for identical surgical procedures. As mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) is known to modulate pain perception and mediate the analgesic effects of opioid compounds in the central nervous system, we examined the influence of two OPRM polymorphisms on acute post-operative pain and morphine usage in women undergoing elective caesarean delivery.', 'Data on self-reported pain scores and amount of total morphine use according to patient-controlled analgesia were collected from 994 women from the three main ethnic groups in Singapore. We found statistically significant association of the OPRM 118A>G with self-administered morphine during the first 24-hour postoperative period both in terms of total morphine (p = 1.7 x 10(-5)) and weight-adjusted morphine (p = 6.6 x 10(-5)). There was also significant association of this OPRM variant and time-averaged self-rated pain scores (p = 0.024). OPRM 118G homozygotes used more morphine and reported higher pain scores than 118A carriers. Other factors which influenced pain score and morphine usage include ethnicity, age and paying class.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analgesia, Patient-Controlled', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Morphine', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Pharmacogenetics', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Pregnancy', 'Receptors, Opioid, mu']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,444 | Does the Ets dominant repressor En/Erm enhance intestinal epithelial tumorigenesis in ApcMin mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Ets transcription factors have been widely implicated in the control of tumorigenesis, with most studies suggesting tumor-promoting roles. However, few studies have examined Ets tumorigenesis-modifying functions in vivo using model genetic systems.",
"Using mice expressing a previously characterized Ets dominant repressor transgene in the intestinal epithelium (Villin-En/Erm), we examined the consequences of blocking endogenous Ets-mediated transcriptional activation on tumorigenesis in the ApcMin model of intestinal carcinoma.",
"En/Erm expression in the intestine, at levels not associated with overt crypt-villus dysmorphogenesis, results in a marked increase in tumor number in ApcMin animals. Moreover, when examined histologically, tumors from En/Erm-expressing animals show a trend toward greater stromal invasiveness. Detailed analysis of crypt-villus homeostasis in these En/Erm transgenic animals suggests increased epithelial turnover as one possible mechanism for the enhanced tumorigenesis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Carcinoma",
"DNA-Binding Proteins",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Genes, Dominant",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Intestinal Neoplasms",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Models, Biological",
"Models, Genetic",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets",
"Transcription Factors",
"Transgenes"
]
} | Our findings provide in vivo evidence for a tumor-restricting function of endogenous Ets factors in the intestinal epithelium. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the Ets dominant repressor En/Erm enhance intestinal epithelial tumorigenesis in ApcMin mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Ets transcription factors have been widely implicated in the control of tumorigenesis, with most studies suggesting tumor-promoting roles. However, few studies have examined Ets tumorigenesis-modifying functions in vivo using model genetic systems.', 'Using mice expressing a previously characterized Ets dominant repressor transgene in the intestinal epithelium (Villin-En/Erm), we examined the consequences of blocking endogenous Ets-mediated transcriptional activation on tumorigenesis in the ApcMin model of intestinal carcinoma.', 'En/Erm expression in the intestine, at levels not associated with overt crypt-villus dysmorphogenesis, results in a marked increase in tumor number in ApcMin animals. Moreover, when examined histologically, tumors from En/Erm-expressing animals show a trend toward greater stromal invasiveness. Detailed analysis of crypt-villus homeostasis in these En/Erm transgenic animals suggests increased epithelial turnover as one possible mechanism for the enhanced tumorigenesis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Carcinoma', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genes, Dominant', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Intestinal Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Genetic', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transgenes']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,545,437 | Is collagen fleece-bound fibrin sealant associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events or major bleeding after its use for haemostasis in surgery : a prospective multicentre surveillance study? | {
"contexts": [
"Topical haemostatic agents are used to help achieve haemostasis during surgery when standard surgical techniques are insufficient. The objective of this study was to confirm the safety profile of an equine collagen patch coated with human fibrinogen and human thrombin with particular focus on the occurrence of thromboembolic events (TEEs), major bleeding and immunological events.",
"This was a non-interventional, multicentre, prospective, surveillance study in which a collagen fleece-bound fibrin sealant was prescribed in accordance with its marketing authorisation. The decision to use the sealant was based solely on current surgical practice. All patients that received the sealant and provided informed consent were included. TEEs (any coagula-based occlusion in a vessel or the heart identified by symptomatic clinical signs and/or verified by paraclinical examination), major bleeding (any bleeding that required intervention), and immunological events (hypersensitivity including anaphylaxis) that occurred during surgery, post-operative hospital stay or 6 months of follow-up were reported as adverse events. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients experiencing a confirmed TEE.",
"A total of 3098 patients were recruited at 227 centres in 12 European countries. The most frequent types of surgery were hepatic (33%), gastrointestinal (16%) and urological (14%) and the main indication for surgery was for primary (35%) or secondary (20%) malignancy. Forty-six patients (1.5%, 95% CI 1.1-2.0%) had at least one TEE during the study. The most commonly reported TEEs were pulmonary embolism or post-procedural pulmonary embolism (n = 18) and deep vein thrombosis (n = 9). There were 64 major bleedings in 62 patients and 9 immunological events in 8 patients."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Collagen fleece-bound fibrin sealant does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of TEEs, major bleeding or immunological events in patients undergoing surgery. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is collagen fleece-bound fibrin sealant associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events or major bleeding after its use for haemostasis in surgery : a prospective multicentre surveillance study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Topical haemostatic agents are used to help achieve haemostasis during surgery when standard surgical techniques are insufficient. The objective of this study was to confirm the safety profile of an equine collagen patch coated with human fibrinogen and human thrombin with particular focus on the occurrence of thromboembolic events (TEEs), major bleeding and immunological events.', 'This was a non-interventional, multicentre, prospective, surveillance study in which a collagen fleece-bound fibrin sealant was prescribed in accordance with its marketing authorisation. The decision to use the sealant was based solely on current surgical practice. All patients that received the sealant and provided informed consent were included. TEEs (any coagula-based occlusion in a vessel or the heart identified by symptomatic clinical signs and/or verified by paraclinical examination), major bleeding (any bleeding that required intervention), and immunological events (hypersensitivity including anaphylaxis) that occurred during surgery, post-operative hospital stay or 6 months of follow-up were reported as adverse events. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients experiencing a confirmed TEE.', 'A total of 3098 patients were recruited at 227 centres in 12 European countries. The most frequent types of surgery were hepatic (33%), gastrointestinal (16%) and urological (14%) and the main indication for surgery was for primary (35%) or secondary (20%) malignancy. Forty-six patients (1.5%, 95% CI 1.1-2.0%) had at least one TEE during the study. The most commonly reported TEEs were pulmonary embolism or post-procedural pulmonary embolism (n = 18) and deep vein thrombosis (n = 9). There were 64 major bleedings in 62 patients and 9 immunological events in 8 patients.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,541,353 | Is fibronectin a TH1-specific molecule in human subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"T(H)1 cell-mediated immunity is essential for host defense against a variety of intracellular pathogens, such as mycobacteria, salmonella, and Leishmania species. A major T(H)1-mediated effector mechanism involves the IFN-gamma-induced killing of the pathogen by infected macrophages.",
"The range of known T(H)1-specific effector molecules is limited, especially in human subjects. We sought to identify novel effector molecules that might be involved in T(H)1-mediated pathogen clearance.",
"We performed microarray-based analysis of human T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells to identify T(H)1-specific molecules. These analyses identified the extracellular matrix molecule fibronectin as a highly expressed T(H)1-specific molecule. We examined the expression of fibronectin in a variety of human cell types by using real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. We also studied the role of fibronectin in modulating monocyte phenotype using in vitro culture.",
"We show that human T(H)1 cells constitutively express and secrete fibronectin after in vitro differentiation from naive precursors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ex vivo human T(H)1 cells selectively express fibronectin when compared with T(H)2 cells. The predominant isoform of fibronectin expressed by T(H)1 cells contains additional domains of the protein responsible for alpha4beta1 integrin binding and activation of Toll-like receptor 4. We show that treatment of monocytes with T(H)1 cell-derived fibronectin induces expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 while inhibiting IL-10 expression."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Fibronectins",
"Host-Pathogen Interactions",
"Humans",
"Integrin alpha4beta1",
"Interleukin-10",
"Interleukin-6",
"Monocytes",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Protein Isoforms",
"Th1 Cells",
"Th2 Cells",
"Toll-Like Receptor 4"
]
} | Because fibronectin also plays a major role in the attachment and opsonization of numerous intracellular pathogens, we propose that it might be a critical molecule produced by T(H)1 cells involved in pathogen eradication. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is fibronectin a TH1-specific molecule in human subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['T(H)1 cell-mediated immunity is essential for host defense against a variety of intracellular pathogens, such as mycobacteria, salmonella, and Leishmania species. A major T(H)1-mediated effector mechanism involves the IFN-gamma-induced killing of the pathogen by infected macrophages.', 'The range of known T(H)1-specific effector molecules is limited, especially in human subjects. We sought to identify novel effector molecules that might be involved in T(H)1-mediated pathogen clearance.', 'We performed microarray-based analysis of human T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells to identify T(H)1-specific molecules. These analyses identified the extracellular matrix molecule fibronectin as a highly expressed T(H)1-specific molecule. We examined the expression of fibronectin in a variety of human cell types by using real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. We also studied the role of fibronectin in modulating monocyte phenotype using in vitro culture.', 'We show that human T(H)1 cells constitutively express and secrete fibronectin after in vitro differentiation from naive precursors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ex vivo human T(H)1 cells selectively express fibronectin when compared with T(H)2 cells. The predominant isoform of fibronectin expressed by T(H)1 cells contains additional domains of the protein responsible for alpha4beta1 integrin binding and activation of Toll-like receptor 4. We show that treatment of monocytes with T(H)1 cell-derived fibronectin induces expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 while inhibiting IL-10 expression.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fibronectins', 'Host-Pathogen Interactions', 'Humans', 'Integrin alpha4beta1', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-6', 'Monocytes', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Th1 Cells', 'Th2 Cells', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,541,350 | Does nitric oxide inhibit IFN regulatory factor 1 and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways in rhinovirus-infected epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Nitric oxide (NO) has previously been shown to inhibit human rhinovirus (HRV) replication in airway epithelial cells and to inhibit rhinovirus-induced epithelial cytokine and chemokine production independently of its effects on viral replication by modulating nuclear translocation and binding of transcription factors.",
"To define the molecular mechanisms by which NO inhibits HRV-16-induced epithelial production of CXCL10 by affecting nuclear translocation and binding of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1).",
"Cultured human airway epithelial cells were infected with HRV-16 in the absence or presence of a NO donor, or were preincubated with 2 highly selective inhibitors of inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK)beta and then infected with HRV-16. Effects on the NF-kappaB and IRF-1 pathways were examined by using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, Western blotting, and real-time RT-PCR.",
"Nitric oxide directly inhibited the binding of both recombinant NF-kappaB p50 protein and recombinant IRF-1 to their recognition sequences from the CXCL10 promoter. NO also inhibited phosphorylation of the NF-kappaB inhibitor, IkappaBalpha, in HRV-16-infected cells. In addition, both NO and inhibitors of IKKbeta inhibited viral induction of IRF-1 mRNA and protein."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Carbolines",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chemokine CXCL10",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring",
"Humans",
"I-kappa B Kinase",
"Interferon Regulatory Factor-1",
"NF-kappa B",
"Niacinamide",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Nitric Oxide Donors",
"Picornaviridae Infections",
"Pyridines",
"Rhinovirus"
]
} | Nitric oxide blocks rhinovirus-mediated activation and nuclear translocation of both NF-kappaB and IRF-1. NO also directly inhibits the binding of each of these transcription factors to their respective recognition sites in the CXCL10 promoter. In addition, the ability of HRV-16 to induce epithelial expression of IRF-1 is dependent, at least in part, on viral activation of NF-kappaB. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nitric oxide inhibit IFN regulatory factor 1 and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways in rhinovirus-infected epithelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Nitric oxide (NO) has previously been shown to inhibit human rhinovirus (HRV) replication in airway epithelial cells and to inhibit rhinovirus-induced epithelial cytokine and chemokine production independently of its effects on viral replication by modulating nuclear translocation and binding of transcription factors.', 'To define the molecular mechanisms by which NO inhibits HRV-16-induced epithelial production of CXCL10 by affecting nuclear translocation and binding of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1).', 'Cultured human airway epithelial cells were infected with HRV-16 in the absence or presence of a NO donor, or were preincubated with 2 highly selective inhibitors of inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK)beta and then infected with HRV-16. Effects on the NF-kappaB and IRF-1 pathways were examined by using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, Western blotting, and real-time RT-PCR.', 'Nitric oxide directly inhibited the binding of both recombinant NF-kappaB p50 protein and recombinant IRF-1 to their recognition sequences from the CXCL10 promoter. NO also inhibited phosphorylation of the NF-kappaB inhibitor, IkappaBalpha, in HRV-16-infected cells. In addition, both NO and inhibitors of IKKbeta inhibited viral induction of IRF-1 mRNA and protein.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Carbolines', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CXCL10', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring', 'Humans', 'I-kappa B Kinase', 'Interferon Regulatory Factor-1', 'NF-kappa B', 'Niacinamide', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Donors', 'Picornaviridae Infections', 'Pyridines', 'Rhinovirus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,541,351 | Are lung mast cells a source of secreted phospholipases A2? | {
"contexts": [
"Secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) are released in plasma and other biologic fluids of patients with inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic diseases.",
"We sought to evaluate sPLA(2) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic patients and to examine the expression and release of sPLA(2)s from primary human lung mast cells (HLMCs).",
"sPLA(2) activity was measured in BALF and supernatants of either unstimulated or anti-IgE-activated HLMCs as hydrolysis of oleic acid from radiolabeled Escherichia coli membranes. Expression of sPLA(2)s was examined by using RT-PCR. The release of cysteinyl leukotriene (LT) C(4) was measured by means of enzyme immunoassay.",
"Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity was higher in the BALF of asthmatic patients than in the control group. BALF PLA(2) activity was blocked by the sPLA(2) inhibitors dithiothreitol and Me-Indoxam but not by the cytosolic PLA(2) inhibitor AZ-1. HLMCs spontaneously released a PLA(2) activity that was increased on stimulation with anti-IgE. This PLA(2) activity was blocked by dithiothreitol and Me-Indoxam but not by AZ-1. HLMCs constitutively express mRNA for group IB, IIA, IID, IIE, IIF, III, V, X, XIIA, and XIIB sPLA(2)s. Anti-IgE did not modify the expression of sPLA(2)s. The cell-impermeable inhibitor Me-Indoxam significantly reduced (up to 40%) the production of LTC(4) from anti-IgE-stimulated HLMCs."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic",
"Asthma",
"Aziridines",
"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid",
"Carbamates",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Dithiothreitol",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Indolizines",
"Leukotriene C4",
"Lung",
"Mast Cells",
"Naphthoquinones",
"Phospholipases A2, Secretory"
]
} | sPLA(2) activity is increased in the airways of asthmatic patients. HLMCs express multiple sPLA(2)s and release 1 or more of them when activated by anti-IgE. The sPLA(2)s released by mast cells contribute to LTC(4) production by acting in an autocrine fashion. Mast cells can be a source of sPLA(2)s in the airways of asthmatic patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are lung mast cells a source of secreted phospholipases A2?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s) are released in plasma and other biologic fluids of patients with inflammatory, autoimmune, and allergic diseases.', 'We sought to evaluate sPLA(2) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic patients and to examine the expression and release of sPLA(2)s from primary human lung mast cells (HLMCs).', 'sPLA(2) activity was measured in BALF and supernatants of either unstimulated or anti-IgE-activated HLMCs as hydrolysis of oleic acid from radiolabeled Escherichia coli membranes. Expression of sPLA(2)s was examined by using RT-PCR. The release of cysteinyl leukotriene (LT) C(4) was measured by means of enzyme immunoassay.', 'Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity was higher in the BALF of asthmatic patients than in the control group. BALF PLA(2) activity was blocked by the sPLA(2) inhibitors dithiothreitol and Me-Indoxam but not by the cytosolic PLA(2) inhibitor AZ-1. HLMCs spontaneously released a PLA(2) activity that was increased on stimulation with anti-IgE. This PLA(2) activity was blocked by dithiothreitol and Me-Indoxam but not by AZ-1. HLMCs constitutively express mRNA for group IB, IIA, IID, IIE, IIF, III, V, X, XIIA, and XIIB sPLA(2)s. Anti-IgE did not modify the expression of sPLA(2)s. The cell-impermeable inhibitor Me-Indoxam significantly reduced (up to 40%) the production of LTC(4) from anti-IgE-stimulated HLMCs.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic', 'Asthma', 'Aziridines', 'Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid', 'Carbamates', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dithiothreitol', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Indolizines', 'Leukotriene C4', 'Lung', 'Mast Cells', 'Naphthoquinones', 'Phospholipases A2, Secretory']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,652 | Does habitat adaptation rather than genetic distance correlate with female preference in fire salamanders ( Salamandra salamandra )? | {
"contexts": [
"Although some mechanisms of habitat adaptation of conspecific populations have been recently elucidated, the evolution of female preference has rarely been addressed as a force driving habitat adaptation in natural settings. Habitat adaptation of fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra), as found in Middle Europe (Germany), can be framed in an explicit phylogeographic framework that allows for the evolution of habitat adaptation between distinct populations to be traced. Typically, females of S. salamandra only deposit their larvae in small permanent streams. However, some populations of the western post-glacial recolonization lineage use small temporary ponds as larval habitats. Pond larvae display several habitat-specific adaptations that are absent in stream-adapted larvae. We conducted mate preference tests with females from three distinct German populations in order to determine the influence of habitat adaptation versus neutral genetic distance on female mate choice. Two populations that we tested belong to the western post-glacial recolonization group, but are adapted to either stream or pond habitats. The third population is adapted to streams but represents the eastern recolonization lineage.",
"Despite large genetic distances with FST values around 0.5, the stream-adapted females preferred males from the same habitat type regardless of genetic distance. Conversely, pond-adapted females did not prefer males from their own population when compared to stream-adapted individuals of either lineage."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | A comparative analysis of our data showed that habitat adaptation rather than neutral genetic distance correlates with female preference in these salamanders, and that habitat-dependent female preference of a specific pond-reproducing population may have been lost during adaptation to the novel environmental conditions of ponds. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does habitat adaptation rather than genetic distance correlate with female preference in fire salamanders ( Salamandra salamandra )?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although some mechanisms of habitat adaptation of conspecific populations have been recently elucidated, the evolution of female preference has rarely been addressed as a force driving habitat adaptation in natural settings. Habitat adaptation of fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra), as found in Middle Europe (Germany), can be framed in an explicit phylogeographic framework that allows for the evolution of habitat adaptation between distinct populations to be traced. Typically, females of S. salamandra only deposit their larvae in small permanent streams. However, some populations of the western post-glacial recolonization lineage use small temporary ponds as larval habitats. Pond larvae display several habitat-specific adaptations that are absent in stream-adapted larvae. We conducted mate preference tests with females from three distinct German populations in order to determine the influence of habitat adaptation versus neutral genetic distance on female mate choice. Two populations that we tested belong to the western post-glacial recolonization group, but are adapted to either stream or pond habitats. The third population is adapted to streams but represents the eastern recolonization lineage.', 'Despite large genetic distances with FST values around 0.5, the stream-adapted females preferred males from the same habitat type regardless of genetic distance. Conversely, pond-adapted females did not prefer males from their own population when compared to stream-adapted individuals of either lineage.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,726 | Are personality problems considerably associated with somatic morbidity and health care utilisation? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the associations between the presence of personality problems and somatic morbidity and health care utilisation.",
"The Iowa Personality Disorder Screen was administered in order to identify persons with personality problems in a Norwegian population survey (the Oslo Health Study - HUBRO). Cases consisted of 369 individuals, 30, 40 and 45 years of age with personality problems matched on age and gender with five controls each. Data on somatic morbidity and health care utilisation were collected by questionnaires.",
"The cases more frequently reported persistent muscular pain, asthma, fibromyalgia and alcohol problems than the controls. They also more often used nonprescribed analgesics and antidepressants. The cases more frequently had consulted a general practitioner (GP) in the last 12 months, less frequently got referral to somatic specialist care and were less satisfied with their last visit to a GP."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alcoholism",
"Analgesics",
"Antidepressive Agents",
"Anxiety",
"Attitude to Health",
"Comorbidity",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Depression",
"Drug Utilization",
"Employment",
"Family Practice",
"Female",
"Health Surveys",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Norway",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Personality Disorders",
"Psychophysiologic Disorders",
"Referral and Consultation",
"Utilization Review"
]
} | In this population based study, personality problems in young adults based on DSM-IV personality disorder criteria were associated with increased occurrence of somatic morbidity and primary health care utilisation. The relevance for GP to take personality problems into account during consultations is underlined and a method for doing so is suggested. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are personality problems considerably associated with somatic morbidity and health care utilisation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To explore the associations between the presence of personality problems and somatic morbidity and health care utilisation.', 'The Iowa Personality Disorder Screen was administered in order to identify persons with personality problems in a Norwegian population survey (the Oslo Health Study - HUBRO). Cases consisted of 369 individuals, 30, 40 and 45 years of age with personality problems matched on age and gender with five controls each. Data on somatic morbidity and health care utilisation were collected by questionnaires.', 'The cases more frequently reported persistent muscular pain, asthma, fibromyalgia and alcohol problems than the controls. They also more often used nonprescribed analgesics and antidepressants. The cases more frequently had consulted a general practitioner (GP) in the last 12 months, less frequently got referral to somatic specialist care and were less satisfied with their last visit to a GP.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Analgesics', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Anxiety', 'Attitude to Health', 'Comorbidity', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Depression', 'Drug Utilization', 'Employment', 'Family Practice', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Norway', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Personality Disorders', 'Psychophysiologic Disorders', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Utilization Review']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,722 | Do formal definitions of measurement bias and explanation bias clarify measurement and conceptual perspectives on response shift? | {
"contexts": [
"Response shift is generally associated with a change in the meaning of test scores, impeding the comparison of repeated measurements. Still, different researchers have different views of response shift. From a measurement perspective, response shift can be considered as bias in the measurement of change, whereas from a more conceptual perspective, it can be considered as bias in the explanation of change. We propose definitions to accommodate both interpretations of response shift.",
"Formal definitions of measurement bias and explanation bias serve to define response shift in measurement and conceptual perspectives. Examples from the field of health-related quality of life research illustrate the definitions.",
"Definitions of response shifts as special cases of either measurement bias or explanation bias clarify different interpretations of response shift and lead to different research methods. Different structural equation models are suggested to investigate biases and response shifts in each of the two perspectives."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptation, Psychological",
"Bias",
"Biomedical Research",
"Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)",
"Health Status Indicators",
"Humans",
"Psychometrics",
"Quality of Life",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Terminology as Topic"
]
} | It is important to distinguish between measurement and conceptual perspectives as they involve different ideas about response shift. Definitions from both perspectives help to resolve conceptual and methodological confusion around response shift and to further its research. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do formal definitions of measurement bias and explanation bias clarify measurement and conceptual perspectives on response shift?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Response shift is generally associated with a change in the meaning of test scores, impeding the comparison of repeated measurements. Still, different researchers have different views of response shift. From a measurement perspective, response shift can be considered as bias in the measurement of change, whereas from a more conceptual perspective, it can be considered as bias in the explanation of change. We propose definitions to accommodate both interpretations of response shift.', 'Formal definitions of measurement bias and explanation bias serve to define response shift in measurement and conceptual perspectives. Examples from the field of health-related quality of life research illustrate the definitions.', 'Definitions of response shifts as special cases of either measurement bias or explanation bias clarify different interpretations of response shift and lead to different research methods. Different structural equation models are suggested to investigate biases and response shifts in each of the two perspectives.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptation, Psychological', 'Bias', 'Biomedical Research', 'Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)', 'Health Status Indicators', 'Humans', 'Psychometrics', 'Quality of Life', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Terminology as Topic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,568,167 | Does desflurane selectively suppress long-latency cortical neuronal response to flash in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of inhalational anesthetics on sensory-evoked unit activity in the cerebral cortex has been controversial. Desflurane has desirable properties for in vivo neurophysiologic studies, but its effect on cortical neuronal activity and neuronal responsiveness is not known. The authors studied the effect of desflurane on resting and visual evoked unit activity in rat visual cortex in vivo.",
"Desflurane was administered to adult albino rats at steady-state concentrations at 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. Flashes from a light emitting diode were delivered to the left eye at 5-s intervals. Extracellular unit activity within the right visual cortex was recorded using a 49-electrode array. Individual units were identified using principal components analysis.",
"At 2% desflurane, 578 active units were found. Of these, 75% increased their firing rate in response to flash. Most responses contained early (0-100 ms) and late (150-1000 ms) components. With increasing desflurane concentration, the number of units active at baseline decreased (-13%), the number of early-responding units increased (+31%), and number of late-responding units decreased (-15%). Simultaneously, baseline firing rate decreased (-77%), the early response was unchanged, and the late response decreased (-60%)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anesthetics, Inhalation",
"Animals",
"Data Interpretation, Statistical",
"Desflurane",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Evoked Potentials, Visual",
"Functional Laterality",
"Isoflurane",
"Male",
"Neurons",
"Photic Stimulation",
"Principal Component Analysis",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Visual Cortex"
]
} | The results indicate that visual cortex neurons remain responsive to flash stimulation under desflurane anesthesia, but the long-latency component of their response is attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner. Suppression of the long-latency response may be related to a loss of corticocortical feedback and loss of consciousness. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does desflurane selectively suppress long-latency cortical neuronal response to flash in the rat?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The effect of inhalational anesthetics on sensory-evoked unit activity in the cerebral cortex has been controversial. Desflurane has desirable properties for in vivo neurophysiologic studies, but its effect on cortical neuronal activity and neuronal responsiveness is not known. The authors studied the effect of desflurane on resting and visual evoked unit activity in rat visual cortex in vivo.', 'Desflurane was administered to adult albino rats at steady-state concentrations at 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. Flashes from a light emitting diode were delivered to the left eye at 5-s intervals. Extracellular unit activity within the right visual cortex was recorded using a 49-electrode array. Individual units were identified using principal components analysis.', 'At 2% desflurane, 578 active units were found. Of these, 75% increased their firing rate in response to flash. Most responses contained early (0-100 ms) and late (150-1000 ms) components. With increasing desflurane concentration, the number of units active at baseline decreased (-13%), the number of early-responding units increased (+31%), and number of late-responding units decreased (-15%). Simultaneously, baseline firing rate decreased (-77%), the early response was unchanged, and the late response decreased (-60%).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anesthetics, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Desflurane', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Functional Laterality', 'Isoflurane', 'Male', 'Neurons', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Principal Component Analysis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Visual Cortex']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,720 | Is later toilet training associated with urge incontinence in children? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to determine if later toilet training is associated with urge incontinence in children.",
"We used a case-control study design to yield level 2 evidence.",
"Initiation of toilet training after 32 months of age was associated with urge incontinence (P=0.02)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Case-Control Studies",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Time Factors",
"Toilet Training",
"Urinary Incontinence, Urge"
]
} | For children who display signs of toilet-training readiness, training should be initiated prior to 32 months of age to reduce the risk for urge incontinence. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is later toilet training associated with urge incontinence in children?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of this study was to determine if later toilet training is associated with urge incontinence in children.', 'We used a case-control study design to yield level 2 evidence.', 'Initiation of toilet training after 32 months of age was associated with urge incontinence (P=0.02).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Case-Control Studies', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Time Factors', 'Toilet Training', 'Urinary Incontinence, Urge']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,913 | Is boule present in fish and bisexually expressed in adult and embryonic germ cells of medaka? | {
"contexts": [
"The DAZ family genes boule, daz and dazl encode RNA binding proteins essential for fertility of diverse animals including human. dazl has bisexual expression in both mitotic and meiotic germ cells, whereas daz has male premeiotic expression, and boule is largely a unisexual meiotic regulator. Although boule has been proposed as the ancestor for dazl/daz by gene duplication, it has been identified only in invertebrates and mammals. It has, however, remained unclear when and how the DAZ family has evolved in vertebrates.",
"This study was aimed at identifying and characterizing the DAZ family genes in fish as the basal vertebrate. We show that boule and dazl coexist in medaka and stickleback. Similar to the medaka dazl (Odazl), the medaka boule (Obol) is maternally supplied and segregates with primordial germ cells. Surprisingly, Obol is expressed in adult germ cells at pre-meiotic and meiotic stages of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. However, the maximal meiotic Obol expression in spermatocytes contrasts with the predominant pre-meiotic Odazl expression in spermatogonia, and the diffuse cytoplasmic Obol distribution in early oocytes contrasts with the Odazl concentration in the Balbinani's body."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amino Acid Sequence",
"Animals",
"Base Sequence",
"Evolution, Molecular",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Profiling",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Oryzias",
"RNA-Binding Proteins",
"Sex Factors"
]
} | The identification of fish boule and dazl genes provides direct evidence for the early gene duplication during vertebrate evolution. Our finding that Obol exhibits bisexual expression in both embryonic and adult germ cells considerably extends the diversity of boule expression patterns and offers a new insight into the evolutions of DAZ family members, expression patterns and functions in animal fertility. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is boule present in fish and bisexually expressed in adult and embryonic germ cells of medaka?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The DAZ family genes boule, daz and dazl encode RNA binding proteins essential for fertility of diverse animals including human. dazl has bisexual expression in both mitotic and meiotic germ cells, whereas daz has male premeiotic expression, and boule is largely a unisexual meiotic regulator. Although boule has been proposed as the ancestor for dazl/daz by gene duplication, it has been identified only in invertebrates and mammals. It has, however, remained unclear when and how the DAZ family has evolved in vertebrates.', \"This study was aimed at identifying and characterizing the DAZ family genes in fish as the basal vertebrate. We show that boule and dazl coexist in medaka and stickleback. Similar to the medaka dazl (Odazl), the medaka boule (Obol) is maternally supplied and segregates with primordial germ cells. Surprisingly, Obol is expressed in adult germ cells at pre-meiotic and meiotic stages of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. However, the maximal meiotic Obol expression in spermatocytes contrasts with the predominant pre-meiotic Odazl expression in spermatogonia, and the diffuse cytoplasmic Obol distribution in early oocytes contrasts with the Odazl concentration in the Balbinani's body.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oryzias', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Sex Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,007 | Does preconditioning with high mobility group box 1 protein protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether preconditioning with high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) could reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.",
"Infarct size, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assessed. HMGB1 preconditioning reduced significantly the infarct size induced by I/R. The LDH, CK, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased by HMGB1 preconditioning compared to those in the I/R group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | The present study suggested that preconditioning with HMGB1 could induce HMGB1 tolerance and protect against myocardial I/R injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does preconditioning with high mobility group box 1 protein protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate whether preconditioning with high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) could reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.', 'Infarct size, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assessed. HMGB1 preconditioning reduced significantly the infarct size induced by I/R. The LDH, CK, TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased by HMGB1 preconditioning compared to those in the I/R group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,572 | Does nox4 mediate the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 via p38 MAPK pathway in cultured human endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the most potent endogenous inhibitor of fibrinolysis which is implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and metabolic syndrome. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the pathology of vascular disorders and has been shown to increase PAI-1 expression by endothelial cells. Growing evidence indicates that NADPH oxidase and in particular the constitutively active Nox4-p22(phox) complexes are major sources of ROS in endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to characterize the role of NADPH oxidase and in particular Nox4 in the regulation of PAI-1 expression in cultured Human Umbilical Venous Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).",
"N-acetylcysteine (NAC, scavenger of ROS), diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI, inhibitor of flavoproteins), M40403 (superoxyde dismutase mimic) and S17834 (inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) inhibited PAI-1 release and promoter activity in HUVECs. Specific knock down of Nox4 mRNA by siRNA caused a decrease in ROS production and NADPH oxidase activity. Moreover, Nox4 silencing decreased PAI-1 expression, release and activity as well as p38 MAPK pathways and NFkappaB activation. These signalling pathways are also involved in PAI-1 release."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcysteine",
"Benzopyrans",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Humans",
"MAP Kinase Signaling System",
"Manganese",
"NADPH Oxidase 4",
"NADPH Oxidases",
"Onium Compounds",
"Organometallic Compounds",
"Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1",
"RNA, Messenger",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases"
]
} | The NADPH oxidase inhibitors DPI and S 17834 as well as Nox4 silencing decreased PAI-1 synthesis in human cultured endothelial cells demonstrating the involvement of the constitutively active Nox4-containing NADPH oxidase in ROS-mediated PAI-1 transcription via p38 MAPK pathways. NADPH oxidase targeting with inhibitors such as S17834 could be an interesting strategy to decrease both oxidative stress and PAI-1 synthesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nox4 mediate the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 via p38 MAPK pathway in cultured human endothelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the most potent endogenous inhibitor of fibrinolysis which is implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and metabolic syndrome. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the pathology of vascular disorders and has been shown to increase PAI-1 expression by endothelial cells. Growing evidence indicates that NADPH oxidase and in particular the constitutively active Nox4-p22(phox) complexes are major sources of ROS in endothelial cells. The aim of the present study was to characterize the role of NADPH oxidase and in particular Nox4 in the regulation of PAI-1 expression in cultured Human Umbilical Venous Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).', 'N-acetylcysteine (NAC, scavenger of ROS), diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI, inhibitor of flavoproteins), M40403 (superoxyde dismutase mimic) and S17834 (inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) inhibited PAI-1 release and promoter activity in HUVECs. Specific knock down of Nox4 mRNA by siRNA caused a decrease in ROS production and NADPH oxidase activity. Moreover, Nox4 silencing decreased PAI-1 expression, release and activity as well as p38 MAPK pathways and NFkappaB activation. These signalling pathways are also involved in PAI-1 release.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcysteine', 'Benzopyrans', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Manganese', 'NADPH Oxidase 4', 'NADPH Oxidases', 'Onium Compounds', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'RNA, Messenger', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,539,998 | Do subgenual cingulate and visual cortex responses to sad faces predict clinical outcome during antidepressant treatment for depression? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous follow-up studies indicate that increased visual cortical, ventral cingulate and subcortical responses of depressed individuals to sad facial stimuli, but not happy stimuli could represent reversible markers of disease severity. We hypothesized that greater responses in these areas to sad stimuli, but not happy stimuli, would predict better subsequent clinical outcome. We also explored areas that would predict a poor outcome.",
"Twelve melancholically depressed individuals in the early stages of antidepressant treatment in a secondary care setting participated in two experiments comparing responses to varying intensities of sad and happy facial stimuli, respectively, using event related functional MRI. They repeated the experiments after a mean delay of 12 weeks of treatment.",
"There was a variation in response to treatment. Greater right visual cortex and right subgenual cingulate (R-BA25) responses to sad stimuli, but not happy stimuli, in the early stages of treatment were associated with a good clinical outcome. Greater ventrolateral prefrontal cortex responses to either stimulus type were associated with a relatively poor outcome."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Affect",
"Antidepressive Agents",
"Depressive Disorder, Major",
"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders",
"Facial Expression",
"Female",
"Gyrus Cinguli",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prefrontal Cortex",
"Prognosis",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Visual Cortex"
]
} | The sample size was modest and patients were taking a variety of antidepressants. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do subgenual cingulate and visual cortex responses to sad faces predict clinical outcome during antidepressant treatment for depression?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Previous follow-up studies indicate that increased visual cortical, ventral cingulate and subcortical responses of depressed individuals to sad facial stimuli, but not happy stimuli could represent reversible markers of disease severity. We hypothesized that greater responses in these areas to sad stimuli, but not happy stimuli, would predict better subsequent clinical outcome. We also explored areas that would predict a poor outcome.', 'Twelve melancholically depressed individuals in the early stages of antidepressant treatment in a secondary care setting participated in two experiments comparing responses to varying intensities of sad and happy facial stimuli, respectively, using event related functional MRI. They repeated the experiments after a mean delay of 12 weeks of treatment.', 'There was a variation in response to treatment. Greater right visual cortex and right subgenual cingulate (R-BA25) responses to sad stimuli, but not happy stimuli, in the early stages of treatment were associated with a good clinical outcome. Greater ventrolateral prefrontal cortex responses to either stimulus type were associated with a relatively poor outcome.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Affect', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Depressive Disorder, Major', 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders', 'Facial Expression', 'Female', 'Gyrus Cinguli', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Prognosis', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Visual Cortex']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,540,436 | Does notch signaling enhance osteogenic differentiation while inhibiting adipogenesis in primary human bone marrow stromal cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The Notch signaling pathway has been shown to play a role in bone marrow-derived stromal cell differentiation, however, the precise outcome of Notch activation remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Notch signaling in primary human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs).",
"hBMSCs were transduced to >90% with lentiviral vectors containing either human notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), jagged1, or dominant negative mastermind1. Cells were exposed to adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation stimuli and differentiation was quantified by oil red or alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney (ALPL) activity and expression of adipogenic or osteogenic marker genes.",
"NICD and jagged1 transgene-expressing hBMSCs demonstrated enhanced mineralization, nodule formation, and ALPL activity in osteogenic differentiation media. These findings correlated with increased gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and ALPL. In contrast, NICD or jagged1 transgene expression strongly inhibited adipocyte formation and reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, fatty acid binding protein 4, and adiponectin precursor gene expression. Co-overexpression of dominant negative mastermind1 and NICD or jagged1 led to a partial rescue of the differentiation phenotypes. In addition, high endogenous jagged1 expression levels were observed in hBMSCs samples with strong ALPL activity compared to a group of samples with low ALPL activity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adipocytes",
"Alkaline Phosphatase",
"Base Sequence",
"Bone Marrow Cells",
"Calcium-Binding Proteins",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"DNA Primers",
"Humans",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Jagged-1 Protein",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Receptors, Notch",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Serrate-Jagged Proteins",
"Signal Transduction",
"Stromal Cells"
]
} | In summary, our data suggest that induction of Notch signaling enhances the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs while inhibiting the adipogenic fate. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does notch signaling enhance osteogenic differentiation while inhibiting adipogenesis in primary human bone marrow stromal cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The Notch signaling pathway has been shown to play a role in bone marrow-derived stromal cell differentiation, however, the precise outcome of Notch activation remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Notch signaling in primary human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs).', 'hBMSCs were transduced to >90% with lentiviral vectors containing either human notch1 intracellular domain (NICD), jagged1, or dominant negative mastermind1. Cells were exposed to adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation stimuli and differentiation was quantified by oil red or alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney (ALPL) activity and expression of adipogenic or osteogenic marker genes.', 'NICD and jagged1 transgene-expressing hBMSCs demonstrated enhanced mineralization, nodule formation, and ALPL activity in osteogenic differentiation media. These findings correlated with increased gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and ALPL. In contrast, NICD or jagged1 transgene expression strongly inhibited adipocyte formation and reduced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, fatty acid binding protein 4, and adiponectin precursor gene expression. Co-overexpression of dominant negative mastermind1 and NICD or jagged1 led to a partial rescue of the differentiation phenotypes. In addition, high endogenous jagged1 expression levels were observed in hBMSCs samples with strong ALPL activity compared to a group of samples with low ALPL activity.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adipocytes', 'Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Base Sequence', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Calcium-Binding Proteins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA Primers', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Jagged-1 Protein', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Receptors, Notch', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Serrate-Jagged Proteins', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stromal Cells']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,550,335 | Are the oncologic results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy ( yet ) equivalent to open cystectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare oncologic outcomes in a contemporary series of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RCX) by the laparoscopic or open approach.",
"Laparoscopic RCX with extracorporeally constructed urinary diversion is a safe and effective operation for appropriate patients with bladder cancer. Perioperative and functional outcomes are comparable with open surgery. Worldwide experience continues to increase; more than 1000 surgeries have already been performed. Intermediate-term oncologic outcomes appear to be comparable to open approach."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | When stage distribution (organ-confined versus nonorgan-confined) and survival rates of laparoscopic and open RCX are cross-checked against surrogate markers (LN+, margin+, distant failure, local recurrence rate, etc.), it becomes easily obvious that the laparoscopic RCX and open cohorts are not identical. To explain the observed discrepancy, there must be a strong selection bias. Data on overall, disease-specific and recurrence-free survival on laparoscopic RCX are still immature compared with the standard of care that must remain in open RCX. To prove the noninferiority of laparoscopic compared with open surgery regarding outcome, multicenter prospective trials are urgently needed. Until then laparoscopic RCX must be considered experimental surgery. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are the oncologic results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy ( yet ) equivalent to open cystectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare oncologic outcomes in a contemporary series of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RCX) by the laparoscopic or open approach.', 'Laparoscopic RCX with extracorporeally constructed urinary diversion is a safe and effective operation for appropriate patients with bladder cancer. Perioperative and functional outcomes are comparable with open surgery. Worldwide experience continues to increase; more than 1000 surgeries have already been performed. Intermediate-term oncologic outcomes appear to be comparable to open approach.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,539,322 | Does selective pharmacological blockade of the TRPV1 receptor suppress sensory reflexes of the rodent bladder? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the pharmacological effect of TRPV1 antagonists in anesthetized rodent models of bladder function.",
"The TRPV1 antagonists JNJ17203212 and JYL1421 were evaluated in the anesthetized rat volume induced micturition reflex model. JNJ17203212 was further evaluated in this model in capsaicin (Sigma) desensitized rats, and in rat capsaicin and mouse citric acid models of irritant induced detrusor overactivity.",
"Systemic JNJ17203212 and JYL1421 administration in the anesthetized rat volume induced micturition reflex model resulted in an increased micturition threshold volume. JNJ17203212 also decreased bladder contraction amplitude but JYL1421 had no effect. Capsaicin desensitization significantly increased baseline micturition threshold volume and decreased bladder contraction amplitude in the volume induced micturition reflex model compared to those in sham treated controls and JNJ17203212 produced no further effect after capsaicin desensitization. JNJ17203212 was also effective in 2 models of irritant induced detrusor overactivity, preventing the decrease in micturition threshold volume and the increase in bladder contraction amplitude observed with intravesical instillation of 10 microM capsaicin, and the decreased voiding interval induced by intravesical citric acid."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aminopyridines",
"Animals",
"Capsaicin",
"Female",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Piperazines",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Reflex",
"Sulfonamides",
"TRPV Cation Channels",
"Thiourea",
"Urinary Bladder"
]
} | The TRPV1 antagonists JNJ17203212 and JYL1421 increased the threshold for activation of the micturition reflex in the anesthetized rat volume induced micturition reflex model. This effect appeared to be mediated by capsaicin sensitive afferents. JNJ17203212 also inhibited detrusor overactivity induced by intravesical capsaicin and intravesical citric acid. These data extend our understanding of the role of TRPV1 in sensory modulation of the micturition reflex under nonirritant and inflammatory conditions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does selective pharmacological blockade of the TRPV1 receptor suppress sensory reflexes of the rodent bladder?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated the pharmacological effect of TRPV1 antagonists in anesthetized rodent models of bladder function.', 'The TRPV1 antagonists JNJ17203212 and JYL1421 were evaluated in the anesthetized rat volume induced micturition reflex model. JNJ17203212 was further evaluated in this model in capsaicin (Sigma) desensitized rats, and in rat capsaicin and mouse citric acid models of irritant induced detrusor overactivity.', 'Systemic JNJ17203212 and JYL1421 administration in the anesthetized rat volume induced micturition reflex model resulted in an increased micturition threshold volume. JNJ17203212 also decreased bladder contraction amplitude but JYL1421 had no effect. Capsaicin desensitization significantly increased baseline micturition threshold volume and decreased bladder contraction amplitude in the volume induced micturition reflex model compared to those in sham treated controls and JNJ17203212 produced no further effect after capsaicin desensitization. JNJ17203212 was also effective in 2 models of irritant induced detrusor overactivity, preventing the decrease in micturition threshold volume and the increase in bladder contraction amplitude observed with intravesical instillation of 10 microM capsaicin, and the decreased voiding interval induced by intravesical citric acid.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aminopyridines', 'Animals', 'Capsaicin', 'Female', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Piperazines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reflex', 'Sulfonamides', 'TRPV Cation Channels', 'Thiourea', 'Urinary Bladder']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,539,325 | Does dNA microarray expression profiling of bladder cancer allow identification of noninvasive diagnostic markers? | {
"contexts": [
"There is a need in urological practice to identify new bladder cancer molecular markers to further develop noninvasive diagnostic tests. We analyzed bladder cancer gene expression profiles to determine the relevant differentially expressed genes and whether this differential expression is maintained in urine samples.",
"We collected 55 tissue specimens from a total of 43 patients with bladder cancer and 12 controls, and 49 urine samples from bladder washings from a total of 36 patients with bladder cancer and 13 controls between September 2003 and December 2004. DNA microarrays (GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array) were used to identify differentially expressed genes at 3 bladder cancer stages. Selected differentially expressed genes were validated in an independent set of bladder washings by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.",
"Unsupervised cluster analysis of DNA microarray data showed a clear distinction in control vs tumor samples and low vs high grade tumors. Genes with at least 2-fold differential expression in controls vs tumors (2,937 probe sets or 2,295 genes) and in low vs high grade tumors (674 probe sets or 530 genes) were identified and ranked. Gene expression measurements in bladder washings of the 6 most differentially expressed genes in controls vs tumors were confirmed for the 2 over expressed genes tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. All 8 selected differentially expressed genes in low vs high grade tumors were confirmed in bladder washing samples."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Genetic Markers",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Urinary Bladder Neoplasms"
]
} | Bladder cancer analysis by DNA microarrays provides new putative mRNA markers for bladder cancer diagnosis and/or prognosis that can be extrapolated to bladder fluids. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dNA microarray expression profiling of bladder cancer allow identification of noninvasive diagnostic markers?\nContext: {'contexts': ['There is a need in urological practice to identify new bladder cancer molecular markers to further develop noninvasive diagnostic tests. We analyzed bladder cancer gene expression profiles to determine the relevant differentially expressed genes and whether this differential expression is maintained in urine samples.', 'We collected 55 tissue specimens from a total of 43 patients with bladder cancer and 12 controls, and 49 urine samples from bladder washings from a total of 36 patients with bladder cancer and 13 controls between September 2003 and December 2004. DNA microarrays (GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array) were used to identify differentially expressed genes at 3 bladder cancer stages. Selected differentially expressed genes were validated in an independent set of bladder washings by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.', 'Unsupervised cluster analysis of DNA microarray data showed a clear distinction in control vs tumor samples and low vs high grade tumors. Genes with at least 2-fold differential expression in controls vs tumors (2,937 probe sets or 2,295 genes) and in low vs high grade tumors (674 probe sets or 530 genes) were identified and ranked. Gene expression measurements in bladder washings of the 6 most differentially expressed genes in controls vs tumors were confirmed for the 2 over expressed genes tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. All 8 selected differentially expressed genes in low vs high grade tumors were confirmed in bladder washing samples.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genetic Markers', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,558,273 | Is index of central obesity better than waist circumference in defining metabolic syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) global definition of metabolic syndrome suggests using race- and gender-specific waist circumference (WC) cutoffs. Previously, we have hypothesized that need for gender- and race-specific cutoffs could be obviated by supplanting WC with index of central obesity (ICO). The aim of this study was to test the utility of ICO in defining metabolic syndrome.",
"Data were collected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for year 2005-2006. Subjects were analyzed for presence of metabolic syndrome using National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. The IDF definition was modified by replacing WC with ICO. Sensitivity and specificity of the IDF definition and modified definition were compared against the NCEP ATP III definition.",
"Using a modified IDF definition, a common cutoff of 0.53 could be obtained for both males and females. The modified IDF definition improved sensitivity from 0.85 to 0.98 and 0.98 to 0.99 among males and females, respectively. This was at the cost of compromised specificity, which reduced from 1.0 to 0.89 and 0.98 for males and females, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Databases, Factual",
"Diagnostic Errors",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Metabolic Syndrome",
"Obesity, Abdominal",
"Waist Circumference"
]
} | ICO appears better than WC in defining metabolic syndrome in terms of better sensitivity and potential to be used with single cutoff for both genders. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is index of central obesity better than waist circumference in defining metabolic syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) global definition of metabolic syndrome suggests using race- and gender-specific waist circumference (WC) cutoffs. Previously, we have hypothesized that need for gender- and race-specific cutoffs could be obviated by supplanting WC with index of central obesity (ICO). The aim of this study was to test the utility of ICO in defining metabolic syndrome.', 'Data were collected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for year 2005-2006. Subjects were analyzed for presence of metabolic syndrome using National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. The IDF definition was modified by replacing WC with ICO. Sensitivity and specificity of the IDF definition and modified definition were compared against the NCEP ATP III definition.', 'Using a modified IDF definition, a common cutoff of 0.53 could be obtained for both males and females. The modified IDF definition improved sensitivity from 0.85 to 0.98 and 0.98 to 0.99 among males and females, respectively. This was at the cost of compromised specificity, which reduced from 1.0 to 0.89 and 0.98 for males and females, respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Databases, Factual', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Obesity, Abdominal', 'Waist Circumference']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,644 | Does nMD inhibition fail to identify tumour suppressor genes in microsatellite stable gastric cancer cell lines? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastric cancers frequently show chromosomal alterations which can cause activation of oncogenes, and/or inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. In gastric cancer several chromosomal regions are described to be frequently lost, but for most of the regions, no tumour suppressor genes have been identified yet. The present study aimed to identify tumour suppressor genes inactivated by nonsense mutation and deletion in gastric cancer by means of GINI (gene identification by nonsense mediated decay inhibition) and whole genome copy number analysis.",
"Two non-commercial gastric cancer cell lines, GP202 and IPA220, were transfected with siRNA directed against UPF1, to specifically inhibit the nonsense mediated decay (NMD) pathway, and with siRNA directed against non-specific siRNA duplexes (CVII) as a control. Microarray expression experiments were performed in triplicate on 4 x 44 K Agilent arrays by hybridizing RNA from UPF1-transfected cells against non-specific CVII-transfected cells. In addition, array CGH of the two cell lines was performed on 4 x 44K agilent arrays to obtain the DNA copy number profiles. Mutation analysis of GINI candidates was performed by sequencing.",
"UPF1 expression was reduced for >70% and >80% in the GP202 and IPA220 gastric cancer cell lines, respectively. Integration of array CGH and microarray expression data provided a list of 134 and 50 candidate genes inactivated by nonsense mutation and deletion for GP202 and IPA220, respectively. We selected 12 candidate genes for mutation analysis. Of these, sequence analysis was performed on 11 genes. One gene, PLA2G4A, showed a silent mutation, and in two genes, CTSA and PTPRJ, missense mutations were detected. No nonsense mutations were detected in any of the 11 genes tested."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Although UPF1 was substantially repressed, thus resulting in the inhibition of the NMD system, we did not find genes inactivated by nonsense mutations. Our results show that the GINI strategy leads to a high number of false positives. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does nMD inhibition fail to identify tumour suppressor genes in microsatellite stable gastric cancer cell lines?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Gastric cancers frequently show chromosomal alterations which can cause activation of oncogenes, and/or inactivation of tumour suppressor genes. In gastric cancer several chromosomal regions are described to be frequently lost, but for most of the regions, no tumour suppressor genes have been identified yet. The present study aimed to identify tumour suppressor genes inactivated by nonsense mutation and deletion in gastric cancer by means of GINI (gene identification by nonsense mediated decay inhibition) and whole genome copy number analysis.', 'Two non-commercial gastric cancer cell lines, GP202 and IPA220, were transfected with siRNA directed against UPF1, to specifically inhibit the nonsense mediated decay (NMD) pathway, and with siRNA directed against non-specific siRNA duplexes (CVII) as a control. Microarray expression experiments were performed in triplicate on 4 x 44 K Agilent arrays by hybridizing RNA from UPF1-transfected cells against non-specific CVII-transfected cells. In addition, array CGH of the two cell lines was performed on 4 x 44K agilent arrays to obtain the DNA copy number profiles. Mutation analysis of GINI candidates was performed by sequencing.', 'UPF1 expression was reduced for >70% and >80% in the GP202 and IPA220 gastric cancer cell lines, respectively. Integration of array CGH and microarray expression data provided a list of 134 and 50 candidate genes inactivated by nonsense mutation and deletion for GP202 and IPA220, respectively. We selected 12 candidate genes for mutation analysis. Of these, sequence analysis was performed on 11 genes. One gene, PLA2G4A, showed a silent mutation, and in two genes, CTSA and PTPRJ, missense mutations were detected. No nonsense mutations were detected in any of the 11 genes tested.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,119 | Is bronchioloalveolar carcinoma ( lepidic growth ) component a more useful prognostic factor than lymph node metastasis? | {
"contexts": [
"Although many factors predictive of patient survival have been reported for lung cancer, no comparative studies have attempted to determine those that are most significant for practical medicine.",
"We conducted a retrospective review of 139 patients who underwent complete resection of adenocarcinomas less than 2 cm in diameter between 1993 and 2000 at the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan). The MIB-1 labeling index (LI), immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), p53, p27, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated-EGFR (pEGFR), Cox-2, neuronatin, gammaH2AX, and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), the prevalence of a micropapillary pattern, and the ratio of the bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma (BAC) or lepidic growth (LG) component were determined, and their significance as prognostic factors for lung adenocarcinoma was compared.",
"Univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (p-N status), BAC/LG component, vascular invasion (p-V status), MIB-1 LI, pEGFR, and CEA were prognostically significant (p-N status: p < 0.0001, BAC/LG: p = 0.0005, p-V status: 0.002, MIB-1 LI: p = 0.005, pEGFR: p = 0.024, and CEA: p = 0.049). Multivariate analysis showed that only p-N status (p = 0.013) was of prognostic significance. However, BAC/LG component (p = 0.051) was a more reliable prognostic factor than p-N status in mixed adenocarcinoma with a BAC/LG component."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | In comparison with other immunohistochemical and histopathologic factors, BAC/LG component is independently and reliably prognostic for small adenocarcinoma of the lung, and, in particular, for the major histologic subtype (adenocarcinoma mixed subtype with BAC/LG), BAC/LG component is more reliably prognostic than lymph node metastasis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is bronchioloalveolar carcinoma ( lepidic growth ) component a more useful prognostic factor than lymph node metastasis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although many factors predictive of patient survival have been reported for lung cancer, no comparative studies have attempted to determine those that are most significant for practical medicine.', 'We conducted a retrospective review of 139 patients who underwent complete resection of adenocarcinomas less than 2 cm in diameter between 1993 and 2000 at the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan). The MIB-1 labeling index (LI), immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), p53, p27, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated-EGFR (pEGFR), Cox-2, neuronatin, gammaH2AX, and thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), the prevalence of a micropapillary pattern, and the ratio of the bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma (BAC) or lepidic growth (LG) component were determined, and their significance as prognostic factors for lung adenocarcinoma was compared.', 'Univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis (p-N status), BAC/LG component, vascular invasion (p-V status), MIB-1 LI, pEGFR, and CEA were prognostically significant (p-N status: p < 0.0001, BAC/LG: p = 0.0005, p-V status: 0.002, MIB-1 LI: p = 0.005, pEGFR: p = 0.024, and CEA: p = 0.049). Multivariate analysis showed that only p-N status (p = 0.013) was of prognostic significance. However, BAC/LG component (p = 0.051) was a more reliable prognostic factor than p-N status in mixed adenocarcinoma with a BAC/LG component.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,151 | Is mYC a metastasis gene for non-small-cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Metastasis is a process by which cancer cells learn to form satellite tumors in distant organs and represents the principle cause of death of patients with solid tumors. NSCLC is the most lethal human cancer due to its high rate of metastasis.",
"Lack of a suitable animal model has so far hampered analysis of metastatic progression. We have examined c-MYC for its ability to induce metastasis in a C-RAF-driven mouse model for non-small-cell lung cancer. c-MYC alone induced frank tumor growth only after long latency at which time secondary mutations in K-Ras or LKB1 were detected reminiscent of human NSCLC. Combination with C-RAF led to immediate acceleration of tumor growth, conversion to papillary epithelial cells and angiogenic switch induction. Moreover, addition of c-MYC was sufficient to induce macrometastasis in liver and lymph nodes with short latency associated with lineage switch events. Thus we have generated the first conditional model for metastasis of NSCLC and identified a gene, c-MYC that is able to orchestrate all steps of this process."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Liver",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Lung",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Models, Biological",
"Mutation",
"Neoplasm Metastasis",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf"
]
} | Potential markers for detection of metastasis were identified and validated for diagnosis of human biopsies. These markers may represent targets for future therapeutic intervention as they include genes such as Gata4 that are exclusively expressed during lung development. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is mYC a metastasis gene for non-small-cell lung cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Metastasis is a process by which cancer cells learn to form satellite tumors in distant organs and represents the principle cause of death of patients with solid tumors. NSCLC is the most lethal human cancer due to its high rate of metastasis.', 'Lack of a suitable animal model has so far hampered analysis of metastatic progression. We have examined c-MYC for its ability to induce metastasis in a C-RAF-driven mouse model for non-small-cell lung cancer. c-MYC alone induced frank tumor growth only after long latency at which time secondary mutations in K-Ras or LKB1 were detected reminiscent of human NSCLC. Combination with C-RAF led to immediate acceleration of tumor growth, conversion to papillary epithelial cells and angiogenic switch induction. Moreover, addition of c-MYC was sufficient to induce macrometastasis in liver and lymph nodes with short latency associated with lineage switch events. Thus we have generated the first conditional model for metastasis of NSCLC and identified a gene, c-MYC that is able to orchestrate all steps of this process.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Liver', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Lung', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Models, Biological', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,546,526 | Does ischemic preconditioning attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting activation of IKKbeta and inflammatory response? | {
"contexts": [
"Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF). The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been implicated as a key mediator of reperfusion injury. Activation of NF-kappaB is dependent upon the phosphorylation of its inhibitor, IkappaB, by the specific inhibitory kappaB kinase (IKK) subunit, IKKbeta. We hypothesized that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) reduces acute renal damage following I/R injury by inhibiting activation of IKKbeta. As neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an early predictive biomarker of acute kidney injury, is regulated by NF-kappaB, we approached the relationship between NGAL and IKKbeta.",
"Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups after right kidney nephrectomy. Group A rats were sham-operated controls. Group B rats were 45-min ischemic in the left renal artery while Group C rats were pre-treated with 3 cycles of 2-min ischemia and 5-min reperfusion. All the rats were sacrificed at 24 h after reperfusion. We harvested kidneys and serum to do further analysis, including histological and functional parameters, expressions of NGAL and IKKbeta in renal tissues.",
"Compared with rats subjected to I/R injury, pre-treated rats had a significant decrease in serum creatinine level (Scr) and tubulointerstitial injury scores (Scr, 86.79 +/- 12.98 vs. 205.89 +/- 19.16 mircomol/l, p < 0.01; tubulointerstitial injury scores, 1.3 +/- 0.48 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.79, p < 0.01). In addition, expressions of IKKbeta (0.95 +/- 0.21 vs. 1.74 +/- 0.17, p < 0.05) and NGAL (1.71 +/- 0.032 vs. 2.66 +/- 0.078, p < 0.05) at renal tubule in pre-treated rats were attenuated significantly compared with rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Moreover, our study showed that IKKbeta and NGAL were in positive correlation (R = 0.965 > R(0.01)(30) = 0.448, p < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"I-kappa B Kinase",
"Inflammation",
"Ischemic Preconditioning",
"Kidney",
"Male",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Reperfusion Injury"
]
} | The evidence suggests that IKKbeta may play a role in renal I/R injury and give rise to the generation of NGAL. It appears that IPC may attenuate renal injury and the expression of NGAL following acute I/R injury. IKKbeta may offer a clinically accessible target for preventing renal injury following I/R. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ischemic preconditioning attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting activation of IKKbeta and inflammatory response?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF). The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been implicated as a key mediator of reperfusion injury. Activation of NF-kappaB is dependent upon the phosphorylation of its inhibitor, IkappaB, by the specific inhibitory kappaB kinase (IKK) subunit, IKKbeta. We hypothesized that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) reduces acute renal damage following I/R injury by inhibiting activation of IKKbeta. As neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an early predictive biomarker of acute kidney injury, is regulated by NF-kappaB, we approached the relationship between NGAL and IKKbeta.', 'Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups after right kidney nephrectomy. Group A rats were sham-operated controls. Group B rats were 45-min ischemic in the left renal artery while Group C rats were pre-treated with 3 cycles of 2-min ischemia and 5-min reperfusion. All the rats were sacrificed at 24 h after reperfusion. We harvested kidneys and serum to do further analysis, including histological and functional parameters, expressions of NGAL and IKKbeta in renal tissues.', 'Compared with rats subjected to I/R injury, pre-treated rats had a significant decrease in serum creatinine level (Scr) and tubulointerstitial injury scores (Scr, 86.79 +/- 12.98 vs. 205.89 +/- 19.16 mircomol/l, p < 0.01; tubulointerstitial injury scores, 1.3 +/- 0.48 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.79, p < 0.01). In addition, expressions of IKKbeta (0.95 +/- 0.21 vs. 1.74 +/- 0.17, p < 0.05) and NGAL (1.71 +/- 0.032 vs. 2.66 +/- 0.078, p < 0.05) at renal tubule in pre-treated rats were attenuated significantly compared with rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Moreover, our study showed that IKKbeta and NGAL were in positive correlation (R = 0.965 > R(0.01)(30) = 0.448, p < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'I-kappa B Kinase', 'Inflammation', 'Ischemic Preconditioning', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reperfusion Injury']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,478 | Is complete soft tissue sarcoma resection a viable treatment option for select elderly patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Decreased performance status, comorbidities, and disease natural history may erode enthusiasm for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) resection in elderly patients. Consequently, we evaluated the outcome of elderly patients amenable to complete surgical resection treated at a single institution.",
"Prospectively accrued data were used to identify patients with primary STS age >or=65 years (n = 325) who underwent complete macroscopic resection at our institution (1996-2007). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors.",
"Median age at presentation was 72 years; 179 patients (55.1%) had associated comorbidities with an ASA score of >or=3. Extremity was the most common site (57.1%; n = 186), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma the most common histology (60.4%; n = 197); 232 (71.2%) were high grade, 222 (68.3%) were >5 cm. Thirty-day postoperative mortality was 0.9% (n = 3); overall complication rate was 30.7% (n = 100), and mean postoperative hospital stay was 9 days (range, 1-84). Estimated median survival was 96 months, 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 63%. Multivariable analysis identified age >or=75 year (HR = 2.03), tumor size: 5-15 vs <5 cm (HR = 3.54), or >15 vs <5 cm (HR = 10.33), and high-grade (HR = 5.53) as significant independent adverse prognostic factors. Compared with patients aged 65-74 years, older patients had more high grade tumors (P = .04), received chemotherapy less often (P < .0001), developed different patterns of recurrence (P < .05), and exhibited a shorter median survival (70 months; P = .05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Comorbidity",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Sarcoma",
"Survival Rate",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Properly selected elderly patients can safely undergo extensive STS resections. Until more effective therapies become available, surgery in the elderly is indicated and remains the best means for STS control. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is complete soft tissue sarcoma resection a viable treatment option for select elderly patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Decreased performance status, comorbidities, and disease natural history may erode enthusiasm for soft tissue sarcoma (STS) resection in elderly patients. Consequently, we evaluated the outcome of elderly patients amenable to complete surgical resection treated at a single institution.', 'Prospectively accrued data were used to identify patients with primary STS age >or=65 years (n = 325) who underwent complete macroscopic resection at our institution (1996-2007). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors.', 'Median age at presentation was 72 years; 179 patients (55.1%) had associated comorbidities with an ASA score of >or=3. Extremity was the most common site (57.1%; n = 186), undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma the most common histology (60.4%; n = 197); 232 (71.2%) were high grade, 222 (68.3%) were >5 cm. Thirty-day postoperative mortality was 0.9% (n = 3); overall complication rate was 30.7% (n = 100), and mean postoperative hospital stay was 9 days (range, 1-84). Estimated median survival was 96 months, 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 63%. Multivariable analysis identified age >or=75 year (HR = 2.03), tumor size: 5-15 vs <5 cm (HR = 3.54), or >15 vs <5 cm (HR = 10.33), and high-grade (HR = 5.53) as significant independent adverse prognostic factors. Compared with patients aged 65-74 years, older patients had more high grade tumors (P = .04), received chemotherapy less often (P < .0001), developed different patterns of recurrence (P < .05), and exhibited a shorter median survival (70 months; P = .05).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Comorbidity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Sarcoma', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,560,530 | Does triptolide promote generation of FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Triptolide (TPT), a component of the Chinese herb Triptergium wilfordii, has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity and is used clinically in recipients of kidney transplantation.",
"This work aimed to investigate the effect of TPT on the differentiation of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) from CD4+ cells in rats.",
"MACS-purified rat CD4+ cells were costimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence of TGF-beta to induce the expression of FoxP3, which was detected by flow cytometry. TPT and cyclosporine A (CsA) were separately added into the cultures to observe the effect on the expression of FoxP3. Kidney transplantation was performed in rats that either received no treatment or were treated with TPT after transplantation.",
"TPT treatment enhanced the expression of FoxP3 in CD4+ cells, whereas CsA inhibited the FoxP3 expression. In the rat kidney transplantation model, the recipient rats treated with TPT survived longer than the control rats (18-19.83 vs 6.83 days, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the FoxP3+ T cells in the spleens of treated rats were higher than those from the untreated rats (12.4% vs 4.7%, P<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"CD4 Antigens",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Diterpenes",
"Epoxy Compounds",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Forkhead Transcription Factors",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Phenanthrenes",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred Lew",
"Spleen",
"T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | These data suggest that TPT may promote the differentiation of CD4+ cells to FoxP3+ Tregs. This would be at least one of the pathways responsible for the immunosuppressive activity of TPT. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does triptolide promote generation of FoxP3+ T regulatory cells in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Triptolide (TPT), a component of the Chinese herb Triptergium wilfordii, has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity and is used clinically in recipients of kidney transplantation.', 'This work aimed to investigate the effect of TPT on the differentiation of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) from CD4+ cells in rats.', 'MACS-purified rat CD4+ cells were costimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence of TGF-beta to induce the expression of FoxP3, which was detected by flow cytometry. TPT and cyclosporine A (CsA) were separately added into the cultures to observe the effect on the expression of FoxP3. Kidney transplantation was performed in rats that either received no treatment or were treated with TPT after transplantation.', 'TPT treatment enhanced the expression of FoxP3 in CD4+ cells, whereas CsA inhibited the FoxP3 expression. In the rat kidney transplantation model, the recipient rats treated with TPT survived longer than the control rats (18-19.83 vs 6.83 days, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the FoxP3+ T cells in the spleens of treated rats were higher than those from the untreated rats (12.4% vs 4.7%, P<0.05).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'CD4 Antigens', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Diterpenes', 'Epoxy Compounds', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Forkhead Transcription Factors', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Phenanthrenes', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Lew', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,062 | Is hepaticoduodenostomy an alternative to Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for biliary reconstruction in live donor liver transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"A Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) is usually performed during live donor liver transplantation (LDLT) when a duct-to-duct reconstruction is not possible. However, direct anastomosis of the bile duct to the duodenum (hepaticoduodenostomy [HD]) is an alternative technique for biliary repair that has been previously used for conventional biliary surgery and at our center for cadaveric liver transplant. We provide the first evidence that HD is an alternative technique for biliary reconstruction in LDLT.",
"We performed a total of 71 LDLT between 2002 and 2008. An end-to-end anastomosis was used in 30 patients. Forty-one patients had a biliary enteric anastomosis in which seven were reconstructed with an HD. Accessory ducts were fashioned into a common duct or implanted into the duodenum separately.",
"There were no patient deaths or retransplants in a follow-up period that ranged from 90 to 771 days after surgery. One patient was diagnosed with cholangitis that responded to intravenous antibiotics and removal of the stent by endoscopy."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y",
"Anastomosis, Surgical",
"Cholangiography",
"Duodenostomy",
"Female",
"Gallbladder",
"Hepatectomy",
"Humans",
"Length of Stay",
"Liver Transplantation",
"Living Donors",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Monitoring, Intraoperative",
"Reconstructive Surgical Procedures",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | This preliminary case series suggests that that HD is a feasible alternative to HJ biliary anastomosis when a duct-to-duct anastomosis cannot be performed. HD offers the possible advantage of simple postoperative access to the biliary system by endoscopy and avoids complications caused by HJ bowel anastomosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is hepaticoduodenostomy an alternative to Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for biliary reconstruction in live donor liver transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) is usually performed during live donor liver transplantation (LDLT) when a duct-to-duct reconstruction is not possible. However, direct anastomosis of the bile duct to the duodenum (hepaticoduodenostomy [HD]) is an alternative technique for biliary repair that has been previously used for conventional biliary surgery and at our center for cadaveric liver transplant. We provide the first evidence that HD is an alternative technique for biliary reconstruction in LDLT.', 'We performed a total of 71 LDLT between 2002 and 2008. An end-to-end anastomosis was used in 30 patients. Forty-one patients had a biliary enteric anastomosis in which seven were reconstructed with an HD. Accessory ducts were fashioned into a common duct or implanted into the duodenum separately.', 'There were no patient deaths or retransplants in a follow-up period that ranged from 90 to 771 days after surgery. One patient was diagnosed with cholangitis that responded to intravenous antibiotics and removal of the stent by endoscopy.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y', 'Anastomosis, Surgical', 'Cholangiography', 'Duodenostomy', 'Female', 'Gallbladder', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Living Donors', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,068 | Does cyclosporine withdrawal improve long-term graft survival in renal transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"The reduction in renal transplant rejection rates achieved over the last 20 years have not translated into a commensurate improvement in long-term graft survival. Cyclosporine has been central to immunosuppressive regimens throughout this period but its effect on long-term transplant outcomes remains unclear.",
"This randomized controlled trial allocated first cadaveric renal transplant recipients in seven centers around Australia to three immunosuppressive regimens: azathioprine and prednisolone (AP), long-term cyclosporine alone (Cy), or cyclosporine initiation followed by withdrawal at 3 months and azathioprine and prednisolone replacement (WDL).",
"Between 1983 and 1986, 489 patients were randomized with 98% follow-up to a median of 20.6 years. Mean graft survival (censoring deaths) was superior in the WDL group (14.8 years) when compared with both AP (12.4 years, P=0.01 log-rank test) and Cy (12.5 years, P=0.01 log-rank test) groups by intention-to-treat. Without death censoring, graft survival with WDL was superior to AP (9.5 years vs. 6.7 years, P=0.04) and of borderline superiority to Cy (9.5 years vs. 8.5 years, P=0.06). Patient survival was not different between the three groups. Renal function was superior in AP (at 1, 10, and 15 years posttransplant) and WDL (at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years) groups when compared with Cy."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Azathioprine",
"Cause of Death",
"Cyclosporine",
"Drug Administration Schedule",
"Female",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Graft Rejection",
"Graft Survival",
"Histocompatibility Testing",
"Humans",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Liver Function Tests",
"Male",
"Neoplasms",
"Patient Selection",
"Prednisolone",
"Survival Analysis",
"Survivors"
]
} | This study illustrates superior long-term renal transplant survival and preservation of renal function with a protocol using cyclosporine withdrawal. If long-term renal transplant outcomes are to improve, we should reconsider guidelines recommending universal maintenance use of cyclosporine. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cyclosporine withdrawal improve long-term graft survival in renal transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The reduction in renal transplant rejection rates achieved over the last 20 years have not translated into a commensurate improvement in long-term graft survival. Cyclosporine has been central to immunosuppressive regimens throughout this period but its effect on long-term transplant outcomes remains unclear.', 'This randomized controlled trial allocated first cadaveric renal transplant recipients in seven centers around Australia to three immunosuppressive regimens: azathioprine and prednisolone (AP), long-term cyclosporine alone (Cy), or cyclosporine initiation followed by withdrawal at 3 months and azathioprine and prednisolone replacement (WDL).', 'Between 1983 and 1986, 489 patients were randomized with 98% follow-up to a median of 20.6 years. Mean graft survival (censoring deaths) was superior in the WDL group (14.8 years) when compared with both AP (12.4 years, P=0.01 log-rank test) and Cy (12.5 years, P=0.01 log-rank test) groups by intention-to-treat. Without death censoring, graft survival with WDL was superior to AP (9.5 years vs. 6.7 years, P=0.04) and of borderline superiority to Cy (9.5 years vs. 8.5 years, P=0.06). Patient survival was not different between the three groups. Renal function was superior in AP (at 1, 10, and 15 years posttransplant) and WDL (at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years) groups when compared with Cy.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Azathioprine', 'Cause of Death', 'Cyclosporine', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Graft Rejection', 'Graft Survival', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Liver Function Tests', 'Male', 'Neoplasms', 'Patient Selection', 'Prednisolone', 'Survival Analysis', 'Survivors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,864 | Is fulvestrant treatment associated with cholesterol plasma level reduction in hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Fulvestrant is a pure anti-estrogen hormoal agent formally lacking any estrogen-agonist activity. We analyze the effect(s) of fulvestrant treatment on estrogen target systems in hormoe-sensitive advanced breast cancer patients.",
"Patients received a median of five fulvestrant injections (range 3-19). We observed a partial response in one patient, disease stability in 21 and disease progression in 29 patients with a clinical benefit of 43.2% and a median time to progression of 5 [range 3-20] mo. Total cholesterol levels significantly decreased during treatment (219.8 +/- 45.3 vs. 201.4 +/- 42.1 mg/dl; p = 0.0054) together with LDL-cholesterol (129.7 +/- 41.39 vs. 112.3 +/- 37.1 mg/dl; p = 0.018). HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides did not show significant changes. Reduction of total and LDL-cholesterol was independent from last hormoal treatment or treatment duration. All coagulation indices and mean endometrial mucosa thickness value did not vary.",
"Fifty-one patients [median age 65 (range 48-82) y] were enrolled. All patients received previous hormoal treatments, with 90.2% receiving > or =2 courses. Last hormoal treatment was exemestane, letrozole, anastrozole and other in 30-10-7-4/51 patients respectively. Median withdrawal time was 18 d (range 3-1456). Complete fasting lipid blood profile and coagulation indices were assessed before fulvestrant administration, every 3 mo and at discontinuation time. Endometrial mucosa thickness was evaluated before fulvestrant administration and at end-study time."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal",
"Aromatase Inhibitors",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Cholesterol",
"Cholesterol, LDL",
"Endometrium",
"Estradiol",
"Estrogen Receptor Modulators",
"Estrogens",
"Female",
"Fulvestrant",
"Humans",
"Lipid Metabolism",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent",
"Postmenopause",
"Progesterone",
"Prospective Studies",
"Receptors, Estrogen",
"Receptors, Progesterone",
"Triglycerides"
]
} | We observed a lipid lowering effect of fulvestrant possibly related to an influence on lipid metabolism by a mechanism in which a role could be played by progesterone receptor. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is fulvestrant treatment associated with cholesterol plasma level reduction in hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fulvestrant is a pure anti-estrogen hormoal agent formally lacking any estrogen-agonist activity. We analyze the effect(s) of fulvestrant treatment on estrogen target systems in hormoe-sensitive advanced breast cancer patients.', 'Patients received a median of five fulvestrant injections (range 3-19). We observed a partial response in one patient, disease stability in 21 and disease progression in 29 patients with a clinical benefit of 43.2% and a median time to progression of 5 [range 3-20] mo. Total cholesterol levels significantly decreased during treatment (219.8 +/- 45.3 vs. 201.4 +/- 42.1 mg/dl; p = 0.0054) together with LDL-cholesterol (129.7 +/- 41.39 vs. 112.3 +/- 37.1 mg/dl; p = 0.018). HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides did not show significant changes. Reduction of total and LDL-cholesterol was independent from last hormoal treatment or treatment duration. All coagulation indices and mean endometrial mucosa thickness value did not vary.', 'Fifty-one patients [median age 65 (range 48-82) y] were enrolled. All patients received previous hormoal treatments, with 90.2% receiving > or =2 courses. Last hormoal treatment was exemestane, letrozole, anastrozole and other in 30-10-7-4/51 patients respectively. Median withdrawal time was 18 d (range 3-1456). Complete fasting lipid blood profile and coagulation indices were assessed before fulvestrant administration, every 3 mo and at discontinuation time. Endometrial mucosa thickness was evaluated before fulvestrant administration and at end-study time.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal', 'Aromatase Inhibitors', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cholesterol', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Endometrium', 'Estradiol', 'Estrogen Receptor Modulators', 'Estrogens', 'Female', 'Fulvestrant', 'Humans', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent', 'Postmenopause', 'Progesterone', 'Prospective Studies', 'Receptors, Estrogen', 'Receptors, Progesterone', 'Triglycerides']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,564,586 | Are brain lesions most often reversible in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura? | {
"contexts": [
"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare hematologic disorder that frequently presents with neurologic involvement. However, the yield and prognostic value of acute brain neuroimaging in patients with TTP has not been studied. Our aim was to evaluate brain imaging findings in consecutive patients with TTP and assess their impact on prognosis.",
"We retrospectively collected clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiologic information in 47 episodes of acute TTP studied with brain imaging at our medical center between 1997 and 2007. Head CT and brain MRI were evaluated independently by 2 investigators. We then performed statistical analysis to determine whether the presence of acute lesions on brain imaging was associated with worse functional outcome as assessed by the modified Rankin score upon discharge and long-term follow-up.",
"Ten patients (25%) of those who had a head CT had acute changes, half of them indicating posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Most cases studied with brain MRI had acute changes (82%). More than half of those had evidence of PRES (48%). Atypical variants of PRES were seen in 2 patients with isolated basal ganglia involvement. Acute ischemia and hemorrhage were uncommon. Most patients with acute changes on brain imaging recovered favorably, and radiologic lesions were not associated with worse functional outcome."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"ADAM Proteins",
"ADAMTS13 Protein",
"Acute Disease",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Basal Ganglia",
"Brain",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Cohort Studies",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intracranial Hemorrhages",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nerve Fibers, Myelinated",
"Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome",
"Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic",
"Recovery of Function",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Tomography, X-Ray Computed",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is the most common brain imaging abnormality in severe manifestations of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Large infarctions and hemorrhage are infrequent. Consequently, abnormal brain neuroimaging does not seem to impact patient outcome, and full neurologic recovery is possible even in comatose patients with extensive brain abnormalities on MRI. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are brain lesions most often reversible in acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare hematologic disorder that frequently presents with neurologic involvement. However, the yield and prognostic value of acute brain neuroimaging in patients with TTP has not been studied. Our aim was to evaluate brain imaging findings in consecutive patients with TTP and assess their impact on prognosis.', 'We retrospectively collected clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiologic information in 47 episodes of acute TTP studied with brain imaging at our medical center between 1997 and 2007. Head CT and brain MRI were evaluated independently by 2 investigators. We then performed statistical analysis to determine whether the presence of acute lesions on brain imaging was associated with worse functional outcome as assessed by the modified Rankin score upon discharge and long-term follow-up.', 'Ten patients (25%) of those who had a head CT had acute changes, half of them indicating posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Most cases studied with brain MRI had acute changes (82%). More than half of those had evidence of PRES (48%). Atypical variants of PRES were seen in 2 patients with isolated basal ganglia involvement. Acute ischemia and hemorrhage were uncommon. Most patients with acute changes on brain imaging recovered favorably, and radiologic lesions were not associated with worse functional outcome.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['ADAM Proteins', 'ADAMTS13 Protein', 'Acute Disease', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Basal Ganglia', 'Brain', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cohort Studies', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intracranial Hemorrhages', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome', 'Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic', 'Recovery of Function', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,209 | Does increased production of soluble CTLA-4 in patients with spondylarthropathies correlate with disease activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Spondylarthropathies (SpA) are characterized by abnormal immune responses including T cell activation. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4) is involved in down-regulating immune responses. A soluble form of CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4), resulting from an alternative splicing, has been identified and was found increased in several autoimmune diseases. Here, we evaluated circulating levels of sCTLA-4 as a marker of immune dysregulation in SpA. Intracellular CTLA-4 and levels of CTLA-4 transcript expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were also studied.",
"Sera from 165 patients with SpA were evaluated for sCTLA-4 measurements. Results were compared with those from 71 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 88 healthy subjects. In 32 patients with SpA, 22 patients with RA and 15 healthy controls, we analyzed the intracellular CTLA-4 expression in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, activated (HLA-DR+Foxp3-) CD4+ T cells, CD4+ regulatory (CD25+Foxp3+) T cells and in CD3 negative cells by flow cytometry. Expression of the full length (coding for membrane CTLA-4) and spliced form (coding for sCTLA-4) of CTLA-4 transcripts in PBL were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR).",
"High levels of sCTLA-4 were found in the SpA group compared to the RA group and healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Soluble CTLA-4 serum levels strongly correlated with clinical index of disease activity BASDAI (r = 0.42, P < 0.0001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (r = 0.17, P = 0.037). In contrast to RA patients, SpA patients did not exhibit changes in intracellular CTLA-4 expression in the different PBL subsets tested. Finally, the SpA group showed a preferential expression of the spliced CTLA-4 mRNA (P = 0.0014) in PBL."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Alternative Splicing",
"Antigens, CD",
"CTLA-4 Antigen",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Humans",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Protein Isoforms",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Spondylarthropathies",
"T-Lymphocyte Subsets",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Young Adult"
]
} | SpA patients exhibit high levels of circulating sCTLA-4 that may result from an alternative splicing of CTLA-4 transcripts. This may influence immune activation and regulation in SpA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does increased production of soluble CTLA-4 in patients with spondylarthropathies correlate with disease activity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Spondylarthropathies (SpA) are characterized by abnormal immune responses including T cell activation. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4) is involved in down-regulating immune responses. A soluble form of CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4), resulting from an alternative splicing, has been identified and was found increased in several autoimmune diseases. Here, we evaluated circulating levels of sCTLA-4 as a marker of immune dysregulation in SpA. Intracellular CTLA-4 and levels of CTLA-4 transcript expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were also studied.', 'Sera from 165 patients with SpA were evaluated for sCTLA-4 measurements. Results were compared with those from 71 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 88 healthy subjects. In 32 patients with SpA, 22 patients with RA and 15 healthy controls, we analyzed the intracellular CTLA-4 expression in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, activated (HLA-DR+Foxp3-) CD4+ T cells, CD4+ regulatory (CD25+Foxp3+) T cells and in CD3 negative cells by flow cytometry. Expression of the full length (coding for membrane CTLA-4) and spliced form (coding for sCTLA-4) of CTLA-4 transcripts in PBL were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR).', 'High levels of sCTLA-4 were found in the SpA group compared to the RA group and healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Soluble CTLA-4 serum levels strongly correlated with clinical index of disease activity BASDAI (r = 0.42, P < 0.0001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (r = 0.17, P = 0.037). In contrast to RA patients, SpA patients did not exhibit changes in intracellular CTLA-4 expression in the different PBL subsets tested. Finally, the SpA group showed a preferential expression of the spliced CTLA-4 mRNA (P = 0.0014) in PBL.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alternative Splicing', 'Antigens, CD', 'CTLA-4 Antigen', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Spondylarthropathies', 'T-Lymphocyte Subsets', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,570,207 | Does integration of Bayesian molecular clock methods and fossil-based soft bounds reveal early Cenozoic origin of African lacertid lizards? | {
"contexts": [
"Although current molecular clock methods offer greater flexibility in modelling evolutionary events, calibration of the clock with dates from the fossil record is still problematic for many groups. Here we implement several new approaches in molecular dating to estimate the evolutionary ages of Lacertidae, an Old World family of lizards with a poor fossil record and uncertain phylogeny. Four different models of rate variation are tested in a new program for Bayesian phylogenetic analysis called TreeTime, based on a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. We incorporate paleontological uncertainty into divergence estimates by expressing multiple calibration dates as a range of probabilistic distributions. We also test the reliability of our proposed calibrations by exploring effects of individual priors on posterior estimates.",
"According to the most reliable model, as indicated by Bayes factor comparison, modern lacertids arose shortly after the K/T transition and entered Africa about 45 million years ago, with the majority of their African radiation occurring in the Eocene and Oligocene. Our findings indicate much earlier origins for these clades than previously reported, and we discuss our results in light of paleogeographic trends during the Cenozoic."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Africa",
"Animals",
"Bayes Theorem",
"Cell Nucleus",
"Computational Biology",
"DNA, Mitochondrial",
"Evolution, Molecular",
"Fossils",
"Lizards",
"Models, Genetic",
"Phylogeny",
"Sequence Alignment",
"Sequence Analysis, DNA"
]
} | This study represents the first attempt to estimate evolutionary ages of a specific group of reptiles exhibiting uncertain phylogenetic relationships, molecular rate variation and a poor fossil record. Our results emphasize the sensitivity of molecular divergence dates to fossil calibrations, and support the use of combined molecular data sets and multiple, well-spaced dates from the fossil record as minimum node constraints. The bioinformatics program used here, TreeTime, is publicly available, and we recommend its use for molecular dating of taxa faced with similar challenges. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does integration of Bayesian molecular clock methods and fossil-based soft bounds reveal early Cenozoic origin of African lacertid lizards?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although current molecular clock methods offer greater flexibility in modelling evolutionary events, calibration of the clock with dates from the fossil record is still problematic for many groups. Here we implement several new approaches in molecular dating to estimate the evolutionary ages of Lacertidae, an Old World family of lizards with a poor fossil record and uncertain phylogeny. Four different models of rate variation are tested in a new program for Bayesian phylogenetic analysis called TreeTime, based on a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. We incorporate paleontological uncertainty into divergence estimates by expressing multiple calibration dates as a range of probabilistic distributions. We also test the reliability of our proposed calibrations by exploring effects of individual priors on posterior estimates.', 'According to the most reliable model, as indicated by Bayes factor comparison, modern lacertids arose shortly after the K/T transition and entered Africa about 45 million years ago, with the majority of their African radiation occurring in the Eocene and Oligocene. Our findings indicate much earlier origins for these clades than previously reported, and we discuss our results in light of paleogeographic trends during the Cenozoic.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Africa', 'Animals', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Computational Biology', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Fossils', 'Lizards', 'Models, Genetic', 'Phylogeny', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,586 | Does gNAS haploinsufficiency lead to subcutaneous tumor formation with collagen and elastin deposition and calcification? | {
"contexts": [
"The heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunit G(s)alpha links receptors to stimulation of cAMP/protein kinase A signaling, which inhibits skin fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. We now describe the development of fibrous tumors in mice with heterozygous disruption of the Gnas gene, which encodes G(s)alpha and other gene products.",
"Disruption of Gnas exon 2 on either the maternal or paternal allele (Gnas(E2-/+)) results in fibromas or angiofibromas on the ears, paws and tail beginning at 4 months of age. The tumors were composed of fibroblastic cell proliferation with collagen and elastin deposition and calcification, and seemed to be associated with mechanical skin damage. The presence of calcification was associated with greater amounts of matrix metalloproteinase-2, suggesting an association between calcium deposition and extracellular matrix degradation. Osteoblast-specific markers were absent, consistent with the calcification not being secondary to ossification. Molecular studies showed that the tumors were not associated with deletion of the wild-type allele, making it unlikely that these tumors resulted from homozygous loss of G(s)alpha."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angiofibroma",
"Animals",
"Calcinosis",
"Chromogranins",
"Collagen",
"Elastin",
"Fibroma",
"GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs",
"Mice",
"Skin Neoplasms"
]
} | These findings provide in vivo evidence that G(s)alpha pathways inhibit fibroblast and endothelial proliferation and matrix deposition. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does gNAS haploinsufficiency lead to subcutaneous tumor formation with collagen and elastin deposition and calcification?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunit G(s)alpha links receptors to stimulation of cAMP/protein kinase A signaling, which inhibits skin fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. We now describe the development of fibrous tumors in mice with heterozygous disruption of the Gnas gene, which encodes G(s)alpha and other gene products.', 'Disruption of Gnas exon 2 on either the maternal or paternal allele (Gnas(E2-/+)) results in fibromas or angiofibromas on the ears, paws and tail beginning at 4 months of age. The tumors were composed of fibroblastic cell proliferation with collagen and elastin deposition and calcification, and seemed to be associated with mechanical skin damage. The presence of calcification was associated with greater amounts of matrix metalloproteinase-2, suggesting an association between calcium deposition and extracellular matrix degradation. Osteoblast-specific markers were absent, consistent with the calcification not being secondary to ossification. Molecular studies showed that the tumors were not associated with deletion of the wild-type allele, making it unlikely that these tumors resulted from homozygous loss of G(s)alpha.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angiofibroma', 'Animals', 'Calcinosis', 'Chromogranins', 'Collagen', 'Elastin', 'Fibroma', 'GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs', 'Mice', 'Skin Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,557,589 | Is cytoplasm-to-nucleus shuttling of thyroid hormone receptor-beta1 ( Trbeta1 ) directed from a plasma membrane integrin receptor by thyroid hormone? | {
"contexts": [
"In CV-1 cells, shuttling from cytoplasm to nucleus of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor-beta1 (TRbeta1, TR) is shown in this report to be regulated by extracellular thyroid hormone at a hormone receptor on cell surface integrin alphav3.",
"The receptor was introduced into cells as a GFP-TR1 chimera and intracellular movement of the receptor was monitored by confocal microscopy of cells treated with L-thyroxine (T(4))."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Nucleus",
"Cercopithecus aethiops",
"Cytoplasm",
"Flavonoids",
"Integrin alphaVbeta3",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3",
"Oligopeptides",
"Protein Transport",
"Receptors, Thyroid Hormone",
"Thyroxine",
"Vero Cells"
]
} | TR-GFP translocation in the presence of T(4) requires activation of extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Inhibition of T(4)-binding to alphavbeta3 with anti-alphavbeta3 or Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide blocks T(4)-stimulated GFP-TR nuclear translocation, as do the hormone-binding inhibitor tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059. TR1 is an ERK1/2 substrate. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is cytoplasm-to-nucleus shuttling of thyroid hormone receptor-beta1 ( Trbeta1 ) directed from a plasma membrane integrin receptor by thyroid hormone?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In CV-1 cells, shuttling from cytoplasm to nucleus of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor-beta1 (TRbeta1, TR) is shown in this report to be regulated by extracellular thyroid hormone at a hormone receptor on cell surface integrin alphav3.', 'The receptor was introduced into cells as a GFP-TR1 chimera and intracellular movement of the receptor was monitored by confocal microscopy of cells treated with L-thyroxine (T(4)).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cercopithecus aethiops', 'Cytoplasm', 'Flavonoids', 'Integrin alphaVbeta3', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Oligopeptides', 'Protein Transport', 'Receptors, Thyroid Hormone', 'Thyroxine', 'Vero Cells']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,563,953 | Does the hostile neck increase the risk of carotid endarterectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Hostile neck anatomy is assumed to be associated with increased surgical risk for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and is often considered a reason to choose carotid stenting or medical management. This retrospective case-control study evaluated whether, and how much, anatomically hostile necks represent a condition of higher surgical risk of early and late mortality and major or minor morbidity.",
"The data for 966 homogeneous CEA patients was prospectively entered in a computer database. Seventy-seven had a hostile neck anatomy due to previous oncologic surgery or neck irradiation, restenoses after CEA, high carotid bifurcation, or bull-like and inextensible neck. A case-control matched-pair cohort study considered sex, age (5-year intervals), and year of operation. Regional anesthesia was used for all operations for atherosclerotic stenosis >or=70%, conforming to the European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, at a single center and by one surgeon or under his direct supervision.",
"The hostile neck patients and the control group were matched for age, sex, carotid-related symptoms, degree of stenoses, and main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Intraoperative variables were substantially equivalent in the two groups; however, procedure length and clamping time were, respectively, about 22 minutes (P = .0001) and 7 minutes longer (P = .01) in the hostile neck group. Rates of postoperative mortality and neurologic events were equivalent. Peripheral nerve lesions were multiple and significantly more frequent in the hostile neck patients (21% with >or=1 cranial nerve lesion vs 7% of controls, P = .03), yet all were transient and limited to a few months. The subgroups of patients with hostile neck, restenoses, and bull-like inextensible necks required the longest operative and clamping time, and those with bull-like and high bifurcation had the most frequent cranial nerve dysfunctions. At the respective follow-up of 47 and 45 months, survival curves (P = .48) and the incidence of restenoses and fatal and nonfatal strokes were similar (5 and 4, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Endarterectomy, Carotid",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neck",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | Hostile necks led to more complex CEA procedures but without substantial consequences in early and late morbidity and mortality. Most patients with hostile neck can undergo CEA at low risk, with the benefit of effective long-lasting stroke prevention similar to standard patients. In our opinion, the more frequent but temporary cranial nerve dysfunctions that occur are not sufficient to consider hostile neck patients noneligible for CEA. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the hostile neck increase the risk of carotid endarterectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hostile neck anatomy is assumed to be associated with increased surgical risk for patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and is often considered a reason to choose carotid stenting or medical management. This retrospective case-control study evaluated whether, and how much, anatomically hostile necks represent a condition of higher surgical risk of early and late mortality and major or minor morbidity.', 'The data for 966 homogeneous CEA patients was prospectively entered in a computer database. Seventy-seven had a hostile neck anatomy due to previous oncologic surgery or neck irradiation, restenoses after CEA, high carotid bifurcation, or bull-like and inextensible neck. A case-control matched-pair cohort study considered sex, age (5-year intervals), and year of operation. Regional anesthesia was used for all operations for atherosclerotic stenosis >or=70%, conforming to the European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, at a single center and by one surgeon or under his direct supervision.', 'The hostile neck patients and the control group were matched for age, sex, carotid-related symptoms, degree of stenoses, and main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Intraoperative variables were substantially equivalent in the two groups; however, procedure length and clamping time were, respectively, about 22 minutes (P = .0001) and 7 minutes longer (P = .01) in the hostile neck group. Rates of postoperative mortality and neurologic events were equivalent. Peripheral nerve lesions were multiple and significantly more frequent in the hostile neck patients (21% with >or=1 cranial nerve lesion vs 7% of controls, P = .03), yet all were transient and limited to a few months. The subgroups of patients with hostile neck, restenoses, and bull-like inextensible necks required the longest operative and clamping time, and those with bull-like and high bifurcation had the most frequent cranial nerve dysfunctions. At the respective follow-up of 47 and 45 months, survival curves (P = .48) and the incidence of restenoses and fatal and nonfatal strokes were similar (5 and 4, respectively).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Endarterectomy, Carotid', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neck', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
19,559,778 | Does glycyrretinic acid block cardiac sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Licorice has been used to treat many ailments including cardiovascular disorders in China for long time. Recent studies have shown that the cardiac actions of licorice have been attributed to its active component, glycyrretinic acid (GA). However, its mechanism remains poorly understood.",
"The effects of GA on the cardiac sodium currents (I(Na)), L-type calcium currents (I(Ca,L)) and hyperpolarization-activated inward currents (I(f)) were investigated.",
"Human isoforms of wild-type and DeltaKPQ-mutant type sodium channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and the resulting currents (peak and late I(Na)) were recorded using a two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. A perforated patch clamp technique was employed to record I(Ca,L) and I(f) from isolated rabbit sinoatrial node pacemaker cells.",
"GA inhibited peak I(Na) (33% at 90 microM) and late I(Na) (72% at 90 microM), but caused no significant effects on I(Ca,L) and I(f)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biological Clocks",
"Calcium",
"Calcium Channels, L-Type",
"Glycyrrhetinic Acid",
"Glycyrrhiza",
"Heart",
"Humans",
"Ion Channel Gating",
"Membrane Potentials",
"Oocytes",
"Patch-Clamp Techniques",
"Plant Extracts",
"Rabbits",
"Sinoatrial Node",
"Sodium",
"Sodium Channels",
"Xenopus laevis"
]
} | GA blocked cardiac sodium currents, particularly late I(Na.) Our findings might help to understand the traditional use of licorice in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, because reduction of sodium currents (particularly late I(Na)) would be expected to provide protection from Na(+)-induced Ca(2+) overload and cell damage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does glycyrretinic acid block cardiac sodium channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Licorice has been used to treat many ailments including cardiovascular disorders in China for long time. Recent studies have shown that the cardiac actions of licorice have been attributed to its active component, glycyrretinic acid (GA). However, its mechanism remains poorly understood.', 'The effects of GA on the cardiac sodium currents (I(Na)), L-type calcium currents (I(Ca,L)) and hyperpolarization-activated inward currents (I(f)) were investigated.', 'Human isoforms of wild-type and DeltaKPQ-mutant type sodium channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and the resulting currents (peak and late I(Na)) were recorded using a two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. A perforated patch clamp technique was employed to record I(Ca,L) and I(f) from isolated rabbit sinoatrial node pacemaker cells.', 'GA inhibited peak I(Na) (33% at 90 microM) and late I(Na) (72% at 90 microM), but caused no significant effects on I(Ca,L) and I(f).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biological Clocks', 'Calcium', 'Calcium Channels, L-Type', 'Glycyrrhetinic Acid', 'Glycyrrhiza', 'Heart', 'Humans', 'Ion Channel Gating', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Oocytes', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Plant Extracts', 'Rabbits', 'Sinoatrial Node', 'Sodium', 'Sodium Channels', 'Xenopus laevis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,554,386 | Is depressed affect associated with poorer cardiovascular recovery in young women following a mental stressor? | {
"contexts": [
"Depressed mood has been prospectively associated with hypertension. Altered ANS function, as reflected in poor CV recovery, may be one mechanism that underlies this relationship.",
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depressed mood and cardiovascular recovery following a standard mental stress task in healthy young women.",
"Depressed mood was assessed in 63 young women. Cardiovascular data were collected during a 5-min baseline period, 5-min public speaking stress task, and 15-min recovery period.",
"Depressed mood accounted for 9.6% of the variation in HR reactivity (F(1,58) = 6.513, p = 0.013) and 4.5% of DBP recovery (F(1,58) = 4.538, p = 0.037)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Affect",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Area Under Curve",
"Autonomic Nervous System",
"Blood Pressure",
"Depression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Patient Selection",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Regression Analysis",
"Speech",
"Stress, Psychological"
]
} | Greater depressed mood was associated with greater HR reactivity and poorer DBP recovery. This is the first study to directly investigate associations between depressed mood and CV recovery following mental stress. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is depressed affect associated with poorer cardiovascular recovery in young women following a mental stressor?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Depressed mood has been prospectively associated with hypertension. Altered ANS function, as reflected in poor CV recovery, may be one mechanism that underlies this relationship.', 'The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between depressed mood and cardiovascular recovery following a standard mental stress task in healthy young women.', 'Depressed mood was assessed in 63 young women. Cardiovascular data were collected during a 5-min baseline period, 5-min public speaking stress task, and 15-min recovery period.', 'Depressed mood accounted for 9.6% of the variation in HR reactivity (F(1,58) = 6.513, p = 0.013) and 4.5% of DBP recovery (F(1,58) = 4.538, p = 0.037).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Affect', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Area Under Curve', 'Autonomic Nervous System', 'Blood Pressure', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Patient Selection', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Regression Analysis', 'Speech', 'Stress, Psychological']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,280 | Is reverse rate dependency an intrinsic property of canine cardiac preparations? | {
"contexts": [
"Class III antiarrhythmic agents exhibit reverse rate-dependent lengthening of the action potential duration (APD). In spite of the several theories developed so far to explain this reverse rate dependency (RRD), its mechanism has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present work was to further elucidate the mechanisms responsible for reverse rate-dependent drug effects.",
"Action potentials were recorded from multicellular canine ventricular preparations and isolated cardiomyocytes, at cycle lengths (CLs) varying from 0.3 to 5 s, using conventional sharp microelectrodes. APD was either modified by applying inward and outward current pulses, or by superfusion of agents known to lengthen and shorten APD. Net membrane current (I(m)) was calculated from action potential waveforms. The hypothesis that RRD may be implicit in the relationship between I(m) and APD was tested by numerical modelling. Both drug-induced lengthening (by veratrine, BAY-K 8644, dofetilide, and BaCl(2)) and shortening (by lidocaine and nicorandil) of action potentials displayed RRD, i.e. changes in APD were greater at longer than at shorter CL. A similar dependency of effect on CL was found when repolarization was modified by injection of inward or outward current pulses. I(m) measured at various points during repolarization was inversely proportional to APD and to CL. Model simulations showed that RRD is expected as a consequence of the non-linearity of the relationship between I(m) and APD."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester",
"Action Potentials",
"Animals",
"Anti-Arrhythmia Agents",
"Barium Compounds",
"Cardiac Pacing, Artificial",
"Chlorides",
"Computer Simulation",
"Dogs",
"Female",
"Heart Ventricles",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Male",
"Models, Cardiovascular",
"Myocytes, Cardiac",
"Nonlinear Dynamics",
"Phenethylamines",
"Purkinje Fibers",
"Sulfonamides",
"Time Factors",
"Veratrine"
]
} | RRD of APD modulation is shared, although with differences in magnitude, by interventions of very different nature. RRD can be interpreted as a consequence of the relationship between I(m) and APD and, as such, is expected in all species having positive APD-CL relationship. This implies that the development of agents prolonging APD with direct rate dependency, or even completely devoid of RRD, may be difficult to achieve. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is reverse rate dependency an intrinsic property of canine cardiac preparations?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Class III antiarrhythmic agents exhibit reverse rate-dependent lengthening of the action potential duration (APD). In spite of the several theories developed so far to explain this reverse rate dependency (RRD), its mechanism has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present work was to further elucidate the mechanisms responsible for reverse rate-dependent drug effects.', 'Action potentials were recorded from multicellular canine ventricular preparations and isolated cardiomyocytes, at cycle lengths (CLs) varying from 0.3 to 5 s, using conventional sharp microelectrodes. APD was either modified by applying inward and outward current pulses, or by superfusion of agents known to lengthen and shorten APD. Net membrane current (I(m)) was calculated from action potential waveforms. The hypothesis that RRD may be implicit in the relationship between I(m) and APD was tested by numerical modelling. Both drug-induced lengthening (by veratrine, BAY-K 8644, dofetilide, and BaCl(2)) and shortening (by lidocaine and nicorandil) of action potentials displayed RRD, i.e. changes in APD were greater at longer than at shorter CL. A similar dependency of effect on CL was found when repolarization was modified by injection of inward or outward current pulses. I(m) measured at various points during repolarization was inversely proportional to APD and to CL. Model simulations showed that RRD is expected as a consequence of the non-linearity of the relationship between I(m) and APD.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester', 'Action Potentials', 'Animals', 'Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Barium Compounds', 'Cardiac Pacing, Artificial', 'Chlorides', 'Computer Simulation', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Models, Cardiovascular', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Nonlinear Dynamics', 'Phenethylamines', 'Purkinje Fibers', 'Sulfonamides', 'Time Factors', 'Veratrine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,556,325 | Do older men with higher self-rated socioeconomic status have shorter telomeres? | {
"contexts": [
"previous studies examining the relationship between socioeconomic status and telomere length showed conflicting results, one study finding shorter telomere length in subjects with lower socioeconomic status and one showing no relationship.",
"cross-sectional study.",
"community-living elderly Chinese in Hong Kong.",
"this study examines the relationship between self-rated social economic status and telomere length in Hong Kong Chinese men and women aged 65 years and over living in the community.",
"information was collected from 958 men and 978 women regarding possible confounding factors such as the presence of chronic diseases, smoking, physical activity level, dietary intake and body mass index. Telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR.",
"in men only, after adjustment for age and other confounding factors, a higher ranking in community standing was associated with shorter telomere length."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aging",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Chronic Disease",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Culture",
"Female",
"Hong Kong",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Risk Factors",
"Sex Distribution",
"Social Class",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Telomere"
]
} | men with higher self-rated socioeconomic status have shorter telomeres, possibly mediated through psychosocial rather than lifestyle factors or the presence of chronic disease. There may be cultural ethnic and age-related differences in social determinants of health. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do older men with higher self-rated socioeconomic status have shorter telomeres?\nContext: {'contexts': ['previous studies examining the relationship between socioeconomic status and telomere length showed conflicting results, one study finding shorter telomere length in subjects with lower socioeconomic status and one showing no relationship.', 'cross-sectional study.', 'community-living elderly Chinese in Hong Kong.', 'this study examines the relationship between self-rated social economic status and telomere length in Hong Kong Chinese men and women aged 65 years and over living in the community.', 'information was collected from 958 men and 978 women regarding possible confounding factors such as the presence of chronic diseases, smoking, physical activity level, dietary intake and body mass index. Telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR.', 'in men only, after adjustment for age and other confounding factors, a higher ranking in community standing was associated with shorter telomere length.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aging', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Culture', 'Female', 'Hong Kong', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Distribution', 'Social Class', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Telomere']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,544,754 | Does polysomnographic and health-related quality of life correlate of restless legs syndrome in the Sleep Heart Health Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Sleep disturbance is the primary clinical morbidity of restless legs syndrome (RLS). To date, sleep disturbance in RLS has been measured in (1) clinical samples with polysomnography (PSG) or (2) population-based samples by self-report. The objective of this study was to analyze sleep by PSG in a population-based sample with symptoms of RLS.",
"Cross-sectional observational study.",
"Community-based.",
"3433 older men and women.",
"None.",
"RLS was evaluated using an 8-item self-administered questionnaire based on NIH diagnostic criteria and required symptoms occurring > or = five times per month and associated with at least moderate distress. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was determined using the SF-36. Unattended, in-home PSG was performed. Data were assessed using general linear models with adjustment for demographic, health-related variables, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Subjects with RLS had longer adjusted mean sleep latency (39.8 vs 26.4 min, P < 0.0001) and higher arousal index (20.1 vs 18.0, P = 0.0145) than those without RLS. Sleep latency increased progressively as the frequency of RLS symptoms increased from 5-15 days per month to 6-7 days per week. No differences in sleep stage percentages were observed between participants with and without RLS. Subjects with RLS also reported poorer HRQOL in all physical domains as well as in the Mental Health and Vitality domains."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Cohort Studies",
"Comorbidity",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polysomnography",
"Prospective Studies",
"Quality of Life",
"Restless Legs Syndrome",
"Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders",
"Statistics as Topic"
]
} | These novel PSG data from a nonclinical, community-based sample of individuals with RLS document sleep disturbance in the home even in individuals with intermittent symptoms. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does polysomnographic and health-related quality of life correlate of restless legs syndrome in the Sleep Heart Health Study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Sleep disturbance is the primary clinical morbidity of restless legs syndrome (RLS). To date, sleep disturbance in RLS has been measured in (1) clinical samples with polysomnography (PSG) or (2) population-based samples by self-report. The objective of this study was to analyze sleep by PSG in a population-based sample with symptoms of RLS.', 'Cross-sectional observational study.', 'Community-based.', '3433 older men and women.', 'None.', 'RLS was evaluated using an 8-item self-administered questionnaire based on NIH diagnostic criteria and required symptoms occurring > or = five times per month and associated with at least moderate distress. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was determined using the SF-36. Unattended, in-home PSG was performed. Data were assessed using general linear models with adjustment for demographic, health-related variables, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Subjects with RLS had longer adjusted mean sleep latency (39.8 vs 26.4 min, P < 0.0001) and higher arousal index (20.1 vs 18.0, P = 0.0145) than those without RLS. Sleep latency increased progressively as the frequency of RLS symptoms increased from 5-15 days per month to 6-7 days per week. No differences in sleep stage percentages were observed between participants with and without RLS. Subjects with RLS also reported poorer HRQOL in all physical domains as well as in the Mental Health and Vitality domains.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cohort Studies', 'Comorbidity', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polysomnography', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Restless Legs Syndrome', 'Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders', 'Statistics as Topic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,437 | Is minimally invasive colon resection for malignant colonic conditions associated with a transient early increase in plasma sVEGFR1 and a decrease in sVEGFR2 levels after surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasma VEGF levels increase after minimally invasive colorectal resection (MICR) and remain elevated for 2-4 weeks. VEGF induces physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis by binding to endothelial cell (EC) bound VEGF-Receptor-1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2. Soluble forms of these receptors sequester plasma VEGF, decreasing the amount available to bind to EC-bound receptors. Ramifications of surgery-related plasma VEGF changes partially depend on plasma levels of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2. This study assessed perioperative sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 levels after MICR in patients with colorectal cancer.",
"Forty-five patients were studied; blood samples were taken from all patients preoperatively (preop) and on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 3; in most a fourth sample was drawn between POD 7-30. Late samples were bundled into two time points: POD 7-13 and POD 14-30. sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 levels were measured via ELISA. sVEGFR2 data are reported as mean +/- SD and were assessed with the paired samples t test. sVEGFR1 data were not normally distributed. They are reported as median and 95% confidence interval (CI) and were assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-Rank test (p < 0.05).",
"Preoperatively, the mean plasma sVEGFR2 level (7583.9 pg/ml) was greater than the sVEGFR1 result (98.3 pg/ml). Compared with preop levels, sVEGFR2 levels were significantly lower on POD 1 (6068.2 pg/ml, +/-2034.5) and POD 3 (6227.6 pg/ml, +/-2007.0), whereas sVEGFR1 levels were significantly greater on POD 1 (237.5 pg/ml; 95% CI, 89.6-103.5), POD 3 (200.2 pg/ml; 95% CI, 159-253), and POD 7-13 (102.9 pg/ml; 95% CI, 189.7-253). No differences were found on POD 7-13 for sVEGFR2 or POD 14-30 for either protein."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Colonic Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Neovascularization, Pathologic",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Postoperative Period",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2",
"Wound Healing"
]
} | sVEGFR2 values decreased and sVEGFR1 levels increased early after MICR; sVEGFR2 changes dominate due to their much larger magnitude. The net result is less plasma VEGF bound by soluble receptors and more plasma VEGF available to bind to ECs early after surgery. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is minimally invasive colon resection for malignant colonic conditions associated with a transient early increase in plasma sVEGFR1 and a decrease in sVEGFR2 levels after surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Plasma VEGF levels increase after minimally invasive colorectal resection (MICR) and remain elevated for 2-4 weeks. VEGF induces physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis by binding to endothelial cell (EC) bound VEGF-Receptor-1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2. Soluble forms of these receptors sequester plasma VEGF, decreasing the amount available to bind to EC-bound receptors. Ramifications of surgery-related plasma VEGF changes partially depend on plasma levels of sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2. This study assessed perioperative sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 levels after MICR in patients with colorectal cancer.', 'Forty-five patients were studied; blood samples were taken from all patients preoperatively (preop) and on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 3; in most a fourth sample was drawn between POD 7-30. Late samples were bundled into two time points: POD 7-13 and POD 14-30. sVEGFR1 and sVEGFR2 levels were measured via ELISA. sVEGFR2 data are reported as mean +/- SD and were assessed with the paired samples t test. sVEGFR1 data were not normally distributed. They are reported as median and 95% confidence interval (CI) and were assessed with the Wilcoxon signed-Rank test (p < 0.05).', 'Preoperatively, the mean plasma sVEGFR2 level (7583.9 pg/ml) was greater than the sVEGFR1 result (98.3 pg/ml). Compared with preop levels, sVEGFR2 levels were significantly lower on POD 1 (6068.2 pg/ml, +/-2034.5) and POD 3 (6227.6 pg/ml, +/-2007.0), whereas sVEGFR1 levels were significantly greater on POD 1 (237.5 pg/ml; 95% CI, 89.6-103.5), POD 3 (200.2 pg/ml; 95% CI, 159-253), and POD 7-13 (102.9 pg/ml; 95% CI, 189.7-253). No differences were found on POD 7-13 for sVEGFR2 or POD 14-30 for either protein.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Neovascularization, Pathologic', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Postoperative Period', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2', 'Wound Healing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,548,027 | Do an update on long-term outcome of curative hepatic resection for hepatocholangiocarcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatocholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is a rare primary liver cancer. Its long-term prognosis is still not well-defined. Results from the Eastern and Western literature have been conflicting and no conclusions can be drawn. The aim of the present study was to review the long-term outcome of curative hepatectomy for HCC-CC.",
"Prospectively collected data from December 1991 to 2006 recording patients with primary liver cancer receiving curative hepatectomy were reviewed. Twenty-five patients, 16 men and 9 women with a median age of 48 years, all ethnic Chinese, had HCC-CC. Their long-term outcome of resection was analyzed and compared to that of patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CC) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).",
"The HCC-CC patients had a median tumor size of 7.5 cm. Five of them developed postoperative complications. The median follow-up period was 25 months. All of the patients developed recurrence. The median overall survival was 25.2 months. The HCC-CC and CC groups had significantly worse overall survival than the HCC group (HCC versus HCC-CC, p = 0.012; HCC versus CC, p = 0.001) whereas between them there was no significant difference (p = 0.822). As for disease-free survival, there was no significant difference between the three groups; the median disease-free survival for HCC-CC patients was 13.5 months; that for CC patients, 16.1 months; and that for HCC patients, 19.0 months. All HCC-CC patients died within 120 months of primary surgery."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Cholangiocarcinoma",
"Female",
"Hepatectomy",
"Humans",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies",
"Statistics, Nonparametric",
"Survival Rate",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Hepatocholangiocarcinoma entails poor long-term outcome after potentially curative hepatectomy. Other modalities of treatment should be explored in order to prolong survival of patients with this disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do an update on long-term outcome of curative hepatic resection for hepatocholangiocarcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hepatocholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is a rare primary liver cancer. Its long-term prognosis is still not well-defined. Results from the Eastern and Western literature have been conflicting and no conclusions can be drawn. The aim of the present study was to review the long-term outcome of curative hepatectomy for HCC-CC.', 'Prospectively collected data from December 1991 to 2006 recording patients with primary liver cancer receiving curative hepatectomy were reviewed. Twenty-five patients, 16 men and 9 women with a median age of 48 years, all ethnic Chinese, had HCC-CC. Their long-term outcome of resection was analyzed and compared to that of patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CC) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).', 'The HCC-CC patients had a median tumor size of 7.5 cm. Five of them developed postoperative complications. The median follow-up period was 25 months. All of the patients developed recurrence. The median overall survival was 25.2 months. The HCC-CC and CC groups had significantly worse overall survival than the HCC group (HCC versus HCC-CC, p = 0.012; HCC versus CC, p = 0.001) whereas between them there was no significant difference (p = 0.822). As for disease-free survival, there was no significant difference between the three groups; the median disease-free survival for HCC-CC patients was 13.5 months; that for CC patients, 16.1 months; and that for HCC patients, 19.0 months. All HCC-CC patients died within 120 months of primary surgery.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cholangiocarcinoma', 'Female', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Survival Rate', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,648 | Is [ Restless legs syndrome highly underdiagnosed in a neurologic-psychiatric outpatient clinic ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition that is characterized by the irresistible urge to move the legs and is very common. In the last decade, much attention has been focused on RLS, given its high occurrence, underdiagnosis, and impact on quality of life.",
"To determine the frequency of RLS in a neurologic-psychiatric outpatient clinic.",
"We interviewed patients attending a private neurological outpatient clinic, using a standardized validated questionnaire, and an additional phone interview to confirm diagnosis.",
"Of approximately 800 people attending the clinic, the questionnaire was answered by 238 subjects (168 females). Fifteen percent of respondents were affected by RLS and none had been diagnosed before. Most patients had a severe form that probably required treatment."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Ambulatory Care Facilities",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"Chile",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Neurology",
"Psychiatry",
"Restless Legs Syndrome",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | A low awareness of RLS exists in Chile, even among specialized physicians. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is [ Restless legs syndrome highly underdiagnosed in a neurologic-psychiatric outpatient clinic ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition that is characterized by the irresistible urge to move the legs and is very common. In the last decade, much attention has been focused on RLS, given its high occurrence, underdiagnosis, and impact on quality of life.', 'To determine the frequency of RLS in a neurologic-psychiatric outpatient clinic.', 'We interviewed patients attending a private neurological outpatient clinic, using a standardized validated questionnaire, and an additional phone interview to confirm diagnosis.', 'Of approximately 800 people attending the clinic, the questionnaire was answered by 238 subjects (168 females). Fifteen percent of respondents were affected by RLS and none had been diagnosed before. Most patients had a severe form that probably required treatment.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Ambulatory Care Facilities', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Chile', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neurology', 'Psychiatry', 'Restless Legs Syndrome', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,551,908 | Do human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infections induce distinct immunologic imprints in peripheral mononuclear cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is present in one-third of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in the United States and is associated with rapid progression of liver fibrosis and poor response to pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin. In this study we examined gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from different groups of individuals who are monoinfected or coinfected with HIV and HCV. Data showed that HIV and HCV viremia up-regulate genes associated with immune activation and immunoregulatory pathways. HCV viremia is also associated with abnormalities in all peripheral immune cells, suggesting a global effect of HCV on the immune system. Interferon-alpha-induced genes were expressed at a higher level in PBMCs from HIV-infected individuals. HCV and HIV infections leave distinct profiles or gene expression of immune activation in PBMCs. HIV viremia induces an immune activated state; by comparison, HCV infection induces immunoregulatory and proinflammatory pathways that may contribute to progression of liver fibrosis."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Gene Expression",
"HIV Infections",
"Hepatitis C",
"Humans",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis",
"Young Adult"
]
} | An aberrant type-I IFN response seen exclusively in HIV-infected individuals could be responsible for the poor therapeutic response experienced by HIV/HCV coinfected individuals receiving interferon-alpha-based current standard of care. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C infections induce distinct immunologic imprints in peripheral mononuclear cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is present in one-third of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in the United States and is associated with rapid progression of liver fibrosis and poor response to pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin. In this study we examined gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from different groups of individuals who are monoinfected or coinfected with HIV and HCV. Data showed that HIV and HCV viremia up-regulate genes associated with immune activation and immunoregulatory pathways. HCV viremia is also associated with abnormalities in all peripheral immune cells, suggesting a global effect of HCV on the immune system. Interferon-alpha-induced genes were expressed at a higher level in PBMCs from HIV-infected individuals. HCV and HIV infections leave distinct profiles or gene expression of immune activation in PBMCs. HIV viremia induces an immune activated state; by comparison, HCV infection induces immunoregulatory and proinflammatory pathways that may contribute to progression of liver fibrosis.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'HIV Infections', 'Hepatitis C', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,565,572 | Does setting of care modify risk of nursing home placement for older adults with dementia? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to examine risk of nursing home (NH) placement among older adults receiving publicly funded home and community-based services (HCBS) or assisted living (AL) and to explore whether these settings of care modify the relationship between dementia and risk of NH placement.",
"The sample consisted of dually eligible Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries age 65 and older who received HCBS (n = 1630) or resided in AL (n = 836) in Florida between July 1999 and June 2000. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate risk of NH placement over a 5-year study period and to test the interaction of setting of care by dementia status.",
"In all, 15% of HCBS participants were placed in a NH compared to 26% of AL participants. As indicated by a significant interaction term in the regression model, setting of care modified the relationship between dementia and NH placement (HR = 0.45, CI = 0.31-0.66). In post hoc analyses stratified by setting of care, dementia was associated with a 50% increased risk of NH placement from HCBS (HR = 1.50, CI = 1.12-2.02) but was not associated with placement from AL (HR = 0.86, CI = 0.63-1.16)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Assisted Living Facilities",
"Dementia",
"Female",
"Florida",
"Home Care Services",
"Homes for the Aged",
"Humans",
"Institutionalization",
"Male",
"Nursing Homes",
"Patient Admission",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | The findings suggest that differences in care provided in HCBS and AL may influence subsequent NH placement for older adults with dementia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does setting of care modify risk of nursing home placement for older adults with dementia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this study was to examine risk of nursing home (NH) placement among older adults receiving publicly funded home and community-based services (HCBS) or assisted living (AL) and to explore whether these settings of care modify the relationship between dementia and risk of NH placement.', 'The sample consisted of dually eligible Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries age 65 and older who received HCBS (n = 1630) or resided in AL (n = 836) in Florida between July 1999 and June 2000. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate risk of NH placement over a 5-year study period and to test the interaction of setting of care by dementia status.', 'In all, 15% of HCBS participants were placed in a NH compared to 26% of AL participants. As indicated by a significant interaction term in the regression model, setting of care modified the relationship between dementia and NH placement (HR = 0.45, CI = 0.31-0.66). In post hoc analyses stratified by setting of care, dementia was associated with a 50% increased risk of NH placement from HCBS (HR = 1.50, CI = 1.12-2.02) but was not associated with placement from AL (HR = 0.86, CI = 0.63-1.16).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Assisted Living Facilities', 'Dementia', 'Female', 'Florida', 'Home Care Services', 'Homes for the Aged', 'Humans', 'Institutionalization', 'Male', 'Nursing Homes', 'Patient Admission', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,566,716 | Does iron-limited condition modulate biofilm formation and interaction with human epithelial cells of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli ( EAEC )? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of low iron availability on biofilm formation and adherence to HEp-2 cells of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains isolated from diarrhoea cases.",
"The ability of EAEC to form biofilm on a plastic surface was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively after 3 and 18 h of incubation of strains with or without the iron chelator 2,2-dipyridyl. When submitted to low iron conditions, prototype EAEC 042 strain showed a decrease in biofilm formation. Conversely, an increase in biofilm formation was observed for the clinical EAEC strains cultured in restricted iron condition. Moreover, the reduction of iron concentration inhibited the aggregative adherence to HEp-2 cells of all EAEC strains tested. However, all effects promoted by iron chelation were suppressed by thiourea."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"2,2'-Dipyridyl",
"Bacterial Adhesion",
"Biofilms",
"Cell Line",
"Chelating Agents",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Escherichia coli",
"Humans",
"Iron",
"Oxidative Stress"
]
} | Low iron availability may modulate biofilm formation and adhesive properties of EAEC strains to HEp-2 cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does iron-limited condition modulate biofilm formation and interaction with human epithelial cells of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli ( EAEC )?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of low iron availability on biofilm formation and adherence to HEp-2 cells of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains isolated from diarrhoea cases.', 'The ability of EAEC to form biofilm on a plastic surface was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively after 3 and 18 h of incubation of strains with or without the iron chelator 2,2-dipyridyl. When submitted to low iron conditions, prototype EAEC 042 strain showed a decrease in biofilm formation. Conversely, an increase in biofilm formation was observed for the clinical EAEC strains cultured in restricted iron condition. Moreover, the reduction of iron concentration inhibited the aggregative adherence to HEp-2 cells of all EAEC strains tested. However, all effects promoted by iron chelation were suppressed by thiourea.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': [\"2,2'-Dipyridyl\", 'Bacterial Adhesion', 'Biofilms', 'Cell Line', 'Chelating Agents', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Escherichia coli', 'Humans', 'Iron', 'Oxidative Stress']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,549,125 | Does population-based prostate-specific antigen testing in the UK lead to a stage migration of prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine, within the UK, the stage and grade of prostate cancers that would be found through population-based prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing and biopsy.",
"In the 'Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment' trial (ProtecT), men aged 50-69 years were recruited from nine cities in the UK and from randomly selected practices of general practitioners. Those with a PSA level of >3 ng/mL were offered a prostate biopsy. Age, PSA, stage and grade at diagnosis of ProtecT participants with cancer were compared with contemporaneous incident cases aged 50-69 years (age-restricted Cancer Registry cases) registered with the Eastern Cancer Registration and Information Centre (ECRIC).",
"Within ProtecT, 94,427 men agreed to be tested (50% of men contacted), 8807 ( approximately 9%) had a raised PSA level and 2022 (23%) had prostate cancer; 229 ( approximately 12%) had locally advanced (T3 or T4) or metastatic cancers, the rest having clinically localized (T1c or T2) disease. Within ECRIC, 12,661 cancers were recorded over the same period; 3714 were men aged 50-69 years at diagnosis. Men in ProtecT had a lower age distribution and PSA level, and the cancers were of lower stage and grade (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). If population-based PSA testing were introduced in the UK, approximately 2660 men per 100,000 aged 50-69 years would be found to have prostate cancer, compared to current rates of approximately 130 per 100,000. If half of men accepted PSA testing, approximately 160,000 cancers would be found, compared to 30,000 diagnosed each year at present."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Early Detection of Cancer",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Risk Factors",
"United Kingdom"
]
} | Population-based PSA testing resulted in a significant downward stage and grade migration, and most such cancers were of low stage and grade, which could lead to risks of over-treatment for some men. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does population-based prostate-specific antigen testing in the UK lead to a stage migration of prostate cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine, within the UK, the stage and grade of prostate cancers that would be found through population-based prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing and biopsy.', \"In the 'Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment' trial (ProtecT), men aged 50-69 years were recruited from nine cities in the UK and from randomly selected practices of general practitioners. Those with a PSA level of >3 ng/mL were offered a prostate biopsy. Age, PSA, stage and grade at diagnosis of ProtecT participants with cancer were compared with contemporaneous incident cases aged 50-69 years (age-restricted Cancer Registry cases) registered with the Eastern Cancer Registration and Information Centre (ECRIC).\", 'Within ProtecT, 94,427 men agreed to be tested (50% of men contacted), 8807 ( approximately 9%) had a raised PSA level and 2022 (23%) had prostate cancer; 229 ( approximately 12%) had locally advanced (T3 or T4) or metastatic cancers, the rest having clinically localized (T1c or T2) disease. Within ECRIC, 12,661 cancers were recorded over the same period; 3714 were men aged 50-69 years at diagnosis. Men in ProtecT had a lower age distribution and PSA level, and the cancers were of lower stage and grade (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). If population-based PSA testing were introduced in the UK, approximately 2660 men per 100,000 aged 50-69 years would be found to have prostate cancer, compared to current rates of approximately 130 per 100,000. If half of men accepted PSA testing, approximately 160,000 cancers would be found, compared to 30,000 diagnosed each year at present.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Early Detection of Cancer', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Risk Factors', 'United Kingdom']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
19,543,958 | Does specific immunotherapy to birch allergen enhance suppression of Th2 cells by CD4 ( + ) CD25 ( + ) regulatory T cells during pollen season? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate the suppressive capacity of CD25(+) regulatory T cells on birch allergen-induced T-cell responses during the first birch pollen season after initiation of specific immunotherapy (SIT).",
"CD25(pos) and CD25(neg) T cells were purified from blood of birch-allergic SIT patients and birch-allergic controls, stimulated with birch pollen extract, and analyzed for T-cell proliferation and production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10.",
"We show that allergen-induced proliferation and IFN-gamma production were suppressed equally well by CD25(pos) T cells from SIT patients and controls, while the IL-5 production was not suppressed by either of the groups. IL-10 levels were higher in SIT patients relative to controls only when CD25(neg) and CD25(pos) were cultured together. Furthermore, neither FOXP3 levels nor proportions of CD25(high) T cells were enhanced in SIT patients compared to allergic controls."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Allergens",
"Betula",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypersensitivity",
"Immunotherapy",
"Interferon-gamma",
"Interleukin-10",
"Interleukin-5",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Plant Extracts",
"Pollen",
"T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory",
"Th2 Cells",
"Young Adult"
]
} | These results suggest that the Th2-suppressive capacity of allergen-stimulated CD25(pos) Treg in vitro is not improved by SIT in spite of increased IL-10 production from T cells. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does specific immunotherapy to birch allergen enhance suppression of Th2 cells by CD4 ( + ) CD25 ( + ) regulatory T cells during pollen season?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to investigate the suppressive capacity of CD25(+) regulatory T cells on birch allergen-induced T-cell responses during the first birch pollen season after initiation of specific immunotherapy (SIT).', 'CD25(pos) and CD25(neg) T cells were purified from blood of birch-allergic SIT patients and birch-allergic controls, stimulated with birch pollen extract, and analyzed for T-cell proliferation and production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-10.', 'We show that allergen-induced proliferation and IFN-gamma production were suppressed equally well by CD25(pos) T cells from SIT patients and controls, while the IL-5 production was not suppressed by either of the groups. IL-10 levels were higher in SIT patients relative to controls only when CD25(neg) and CD25(pos) were cultured together. Furthermore, neither FOXP3 levels nor proportions of CD25(high) T cells were enhanced in SIT patients compared to allergic controls.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Allergens', 'Betula', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity', 'Immunotherapy', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-5', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Plant Extracts', 'Pollen', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Th2 Cells', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
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