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24,761,665 | Do [ Quick identification and discrimination of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated cimicifugae rhizoma by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To develop a method for quick identification of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).",
"The alcoholic and aqueous extracts of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma were analyzed and compared by FTIR combined with second derivative infrared spectroscopy.",
"FTIR spectra showed that there were some differences in the positions of infrared absorption peaks and the relative intensities in the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma, and the second derivative IR spectra clearly enhanced the spectral resolution of their differences. FTIR spectra showed that the new absorption peaks of Cimicifugae Rhizoma appeared and a part of original absorption peaks disappeared after sulfur-fumigation in aqueous extracts, while a lot of new absorption peaks appeared and the intensities of almost all absorption peaks significantly decreased after sulfur-fumigation in alcoholic extracts. Second derivative IR spectra showed that both sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma extracted by water differed significantly from each other ranging from about 3 950 to 3 940 cm(-1), 3 850 to 3 800 cm(-1), 1 800 to 1 750 cm(-1), as well as from 1 400 to 1 350 cm(-1); Differences also existed between sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma extracted by ethanol ranging from about 3 980 to 3 960 cm(-1), 3 850 to 3 800 cm(-1), and 1 500 to 1 460 cm(-1)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cimicifuga",
"Desiccation",
"Drugs, Chinese Herbal",
"Ethanol",
"Quality Control",
"Rhizome",
"Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared",
"Sulfur",
"Sunlight",
"Water"
]
} | The FTIR method combined with the second derivative IR spectrum can be used to analyze and distinguish sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma quickly and accurately. The developed method provides an efficient approach for the quality control of Chinese herbal medicines with its simplicity and strong specificity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do [ Quick identification and discrimination of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated cimicifugae rhizoma by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To develop a method for quick identification of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).', 'The alcoholic and aqueous extracts of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma were analyzed and compared by FTIR combined with second derivative infrared spectroscopy.', 'FTIR spectra showed that there were some differences in the positions of infrared absorption peaks and the relative intensities in the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma, and the second derivative IR spectra clearly enhanced the spectral resolution of their differences. FTIR spectra showed that the new absorption peaks of Cimicifugae Rhizoma appeared and a part of original absorption peaks disappeared after sulfur-fumigation in aqueous extracts, while a lot of new absorption peaks appeared and the intensities of almost all absorption peaks significantly decreased after sulfur-fumigation in alcoholic extracts. Second derivative IR spectra showed that both sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma extracted by water differed significantly from each other ranging from about 3 950 to 3 940 cm(-1), 3 850 to 3 800 cm(-1), 1 800 to 1 750 cm(-1), as well as from 1 400 to 1 350 cm(-1); Differences also existed between sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Cimicifugae Rhizoma extracted by ethanol ranging from about 3 980 to 3 960 cm(-1), 3 850 to 3 800 cm(-1), and 1 500 to 1 460 cm(-1).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cimicifuga', 'Desiccation', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Ethanol', 'Quality Control', 'Rhizome', 'Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared', 'Sulfur', 'Sunlight', 'Water']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,764,354 | Do early postzygotic mutations contribute to de novo variation in a healthy monozygotic twin pair? | {
"contexts": [
"Human de novo single-nucleotide variation (SNV) rate is estimated to range between 0.82-1.70×10(-8) mutations per base per generation. However, contribution of early postzygotic mutations to the overall human de novo SNV rate is unknown.",
"We performed deep whole-genome sequencing (more than 30-fold coverage per individual) of the whole-blood-derived DNA samples of a healthy monozygotic twin pair and their parents. We examined the genotypes of each individual simultaneously for each of the SNVs and discovered de novo SNVs regarding the timing of mutagenesis. Putative de novo SNVs were validated using Sanger-based capillary sequencing.",
"We conservatively characterised 23 de novo SNVs shared by the twin pair, 8 de novo SNVs specific to twin I and 1 de novo SNV specific to twin II. Based on the number of de novo SNVs validated by Sanger sequencing and the number of callable bases of each twin, we calculated the overall de novo SNV rate of 1.31×10(-8) and 1.01×10(-8) for twin I and twin II, respectively. Of these, rates of the early postzygotic de novo SNVs were estimated to be 0.34×10(-8) for twin I and 0.04×10(-8) for twin II."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Gene Frequency",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mutation",
"Mutation Rate",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Sequence Analysis, DNA",
"Twins, Monozygotic"
]
} | Early postzygotic mutations constitute a substantial proportion of de novo mutations in humans. Therefore, genome mosaicism resulting from early mitotic events during embryogenesis is common and could substantially contribute to the development of diseases. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do early postzygotic mutations contribute to de novo variation in a healthy monozygotic twin pair?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Human de novo single-nucleotide variation (SNV) rate is estimated to range between 0.82-1.70×10(-8) mutations per base per generation. However, contribution of early postzygotic mutations to the overall human de novo SNV rate is unknown.', 'We performed deep whole-genome sequencing (more than 30-fold coverage per individual) of the whole-blood-derived DNA samples of a healthy monozygotic twin pair and their parents. We examined the genotypes of each individual simultaneously for each of the SNVs and discovered de novo SNVs regarding the timing of mutagenesis. Putative de novo SNVs were validated using Sanger-based capillary sequencing.', 'We conservatively characterised 23 de novo SNVs shared by the twin pair, 8 de novo SNVs specific to twin I and 1 de novo SNV specific to twin II. Based on the number of de novo SNVs validated by Sanger sequencing and the number of callable bases of each twin, we calculated the overall de novo SNV rate of 1.31×10(-8) and 1.01×10(-8) for twin I and twin II, respectively. Of these, rates of the early postzygotic de novo SNVs were estimated to be 0.34×10(-8) for twin I and 0.04×10(-8) for twin II.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Gene Frequency', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mutation', 'Mutation Rate', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Twins, Monozygotic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,768,992 | Is routine pathology evaluation of hydrocele and spermatocele specimens associated with significant costs and no identifiable benefit? | {
"contexts": [
"Hydrocelectomy and spermatocelectomy are routine scrotal surgeries. A significant number of the surgical specimens are sent for pathology analysis. However, to our knowledge no study has been done to examine outcomes and necessity, which results in significant potentially unnecessary costs to the patient and the health care system. We evaluated outcomes and surgical pathology analysis of hydroceles and spermatoceles.",
"We performed a retrospective, single institution chart review of all patients who underwent initial surgery for hydrocele or spermatocele between January 2000 and August 2013. We determined the number of cases in which a surgical specimen was sent for pathology examination. The cost for each specimen was estimated at the department of pathology.",
"A total of 264 routine scrotal cases were performed during the 14-year period. Surgical specimens were sent for pathology analysis in 102 hydrocelectomy cases (51%) and in 57 spermatocelectomy cases (90%). No pathology specimen showed any indication of malignancy. The estimated direct total cost of pathology analysis was $49,449 in this cohort."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Costs and Cost Analysis",
"Diagnostic Techniques, Urological",
"Epididymis",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Scrotum",
"Spermatocele",
"Testicular Hydrocele",
"Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male",
"Young Adult"
]
} | No malignancy was detected in 159 hydrocele and spermatocele specimens during the 14 study years, suggesting that the pathology analysis is of little clinical benefit. Forgoing surgical pathology analysis of these specimens would result in significant cost savings to the patient and the health care system. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is routine pathology evaluation of hydrocele and spermatocele specimens associated with significant costs and no identifiable benefit?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hydrocelectomy and spermatocelectomy are routine scrotal surgeries. A\\xa0significant number of the surgical specimens are sent for pathology analysis. However, to our knowledge no study has been done to examine outcomes and necessity, which results in significant potentially unnecessary costs to the patient and the health care system. We evaluated outcomes and surgical pathology analysis of hydroceles and spermatoceles.', 'We performed a retrospective, single institution chart review of all patients who underwent initial surgery for hydrocele or spermatocele between January 2000 and August 2013. We determined the number of cases in which a surgical specimen was sent for pathology examination. The cost for each specimen was estimated at the department of pathology.', 'A total of 264 routine scrotal cases were performed during the 14-year period. Surgical specimens were sent for pathology analysis in 102 hydrocelectomy cases (51%) and in 57 spermatocelectomy cases (90%). No pathology specimen showed any indication of malignancy. The estimated direct total cost of\\xa0pathology analysis was $49,449 in this cohort.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Costs and Cost Analysis', 'Diagnostic Techniques, Urological', 'Epididymis', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Scrotum', 'Spermatocele', 'Testicular Hydrocele', 'Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,777,731 | Does opioid use after fracture surgery correlate with pain intensity and satisfaction with pain relief? | {
"contexts": [
"In 2012, Medicare began to tie reimbursements to inpatient complications, unplanned readmissions, and patient satisfaction, including satisfaction with pain management.",
"We aimed to identify factors that correlate with (1) pain intensity during a 24-hour period after surgery; (2) less than complete satisfaction with pain control; (3) less than complete satisfaction with staff attention to pain relief while in the hospital; and we also wished (4) to compare inpatient and discharge satisfaction scores.",
"Ninety-seven inpatients completed measures of pain intensity (numeric rating scale), satisfaction with pain relief, self-efficacy when in pain, and symptoms of depression days after operative fracture repair. The amount of opioid used in oral morphine equivalents taken during the prior 24 hours was calculated. Through initial bivariate and then multivariate analysis, we identified factors that were associated with pain intensity, less than complete satisfaction with pain control, and less than complete satisfaction with staff attention to pain relief.",
"Patients who took more opioids reported greater pain intensity (r = 0.38). No factors representative of greater nociception (fracture type, number of fractures, days from injury to surgery, days from surgery to enrollment, or type of surgery) correlated with greater pain intensity. The best multivariable model for greater pain intensity included: depression or anxiety disorder (p = 0.019), smoking (0.047), and greater opioid intake (p = 0.001). Multivariable analysis for less than ideal satisfaction with pain control included the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99) alone; for less than ideal satisfaction with staff attention to pain control, the PSEQ (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99) and opioid medication use before admission (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1-12) were included."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Depression",
"Female",
"Fracture Fixation",
"Fractures, Bone",
"Humans",
"Inpatients",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Odds Ratio",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pain, Postoperative",
"Patient Discharge",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Prospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | After operative fracture treatment, patients who take more opioids report greater pain intensity and less satisfaction with pain relief. Greater self-efficacy was the best determinant of satisfaction with pain relief. Evidence-based interventions to increase self-efficacy merit additional study for the management of postoperative pain during recovery from a fracture. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does opioid use after fracture surgery correlate with pain intensity and satisfaction with pain relief?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In 2012, Medicare began to tie reimbursements to inpatient complications, unplanned readmissions, and patient satisfaction, including satisfaction with pain management.', 'We aimed to identify factors that correlate with (1) pain intensity during a 24-hour period after surgery; (2) less than complete satisfaction with pain control; (3) less than complete satisfaction with staff attention to pain relief while in the hospital; and we also wished (4) to compare inpatient and discharge satisfaction scores.', 'Ninety-seven inpatients completed measures of pain intensity (numeric rating scale), satisfaction with pain relief, self-efficacy when in pain, and symptoms of depression days after operative fracture repair. The amount of opioid used in oral morphine equivalents taken during the prior 24 hours was calculated. Through initial bivariate and then multivariate analysis, we identified factors that were associated with pain intensity, less than complete satisfaction with pain control, and less than complete satisfaction with staff attention to pain relief.', 'Patients who took more opioids reported greater pain intensity (r = 0.38). No factors representative of greater nociception (fracture type, number of fractures, days from injury to surgery, days from surgery to enrollment, or type of surgery) correlated with greater pain intensity. The best multivariable model for greater pain intensity included: depression or anxiety disorder (p = 0.019), smoking (0.047), and greater opioid intake (p = 0.001). Multivariable analysis for less than ideal satisfaction with pain control included the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99) alone; for less than ideal satisfaction with staff attention to pain control, the PSEQ (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-0.99) and opioid medication use before admission (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1-12) were included.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Fracture Fixation', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Inpatients', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Odds Ratio', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Patient Discharge', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,746,569 | Are blood biomarkers helpful in the prediction of response to chemoradiation in rectal cancer : a prospective , hypothesis driven study on patients with locally advanced rectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Chemoradiation (CRT) has been shown to lead to downsizing of an important portion of rectal cancers. In order to tailor treatment at an earlier stage during treatment, predictive models are being developed. Adding blood biomarkers may be attractive for prediction, as they can be collected very easily and determined with excellent reproducibility in clinical practice. The hypothesis of this study was that blood biomarkers related to tumor load, hypoxia and inflammation can help to predict response to CRT in rectal cancer.",
"295 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were planned to undergo CRT were prospectively entered into a biobank protocol (NCT01067872). Blood samples were drawn before start of CRT. Nine biomarkers were selected, based on a previously defined hypothesis, and measured in a standardized way by a certified lab: CEA, CA19-9, LDH, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, CA IX, osteopontin and 25-OH-vitamin D. Outcome was analyzed in two ways: pCR vs. non-pCR and responders (defined as ypT0-2N0) vs. non-responders (all other ypTN stages).",
"276 patients could be analyzed. 20.7% developed a pCR and 47.1% were classified as responders. In univariate analysis CEA (p=0.001) and osteopontin (p=0.012) were significant predictors for pCR. Taking response as outcome CEA (p<0.001), IL-8 (p<0.001) and osteopontin (p=0.004) were significant predictors. In multivariate analysis CEA was the strongest predictor for pCR (OR 0.92, p=0.019) and CEA and IL-8 predicted for response (OR 0.97, p=0.029 and OR 0.94, p=0.036). The model based on biomarkers only had an AUC of 0.65 for pCR and 0.68 for response; the strongest model included clinical data, PET-data and biomarkers and had an AUC of 0.81 for pCR and 0.78 for response."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoembryonic Antigen",
"Chemoradiotherapy",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-8",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Osteopontin",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Rectal Neoplasms",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Young Adult"
]
} | CEA and IL-8 were identified as predictive biomarkers for tumor response and PCR after CRT in rectal cancer. Incorporation of these blood biomarkers leads to an additional accuracy of earlier developed prediction models using clinical variables and PET-information. The new model could help to an early adaptation of treatment in rectal cancer patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are blood biomarkers helpful in the prediction of response to chemoradiation in rectal cancer : a prospective , hypothesis driven study on patients with locally advanced rectal cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chemoradiation (CRT) has been shown to lead to downsizing of an important portion of rectal cancers. In order to tailor treatment at an earlier stage during treatment, predictive models are being developed. Adding blood biomarkers may be attractive for prediction, as they can be collected very easily and determined with excellent reproducibility in clinical practice. The hypothesis of this study was that blood biomarkers related to tumor load, hypoxia and inflammation can help to predict response to CRT in rectal cancer.', '295 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were planned to undergo CRT were prospectively entered into a biobank protocol (NCT01067872). Blood samples were drawn before start of CRT. Nine biomarkers were selected, based on a previously defined hypothesis, and measured in a standardized way by a certified lab: CEA, CA19-9, LDH, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, CA IX, osteopontin and 25-OH-vitamin D. Outcome was analyzed in two ways: pCR vs. non-pCR and responders (defined as ypT0-2N0) vs. non-responders (all other ypTN stages).', '276 patients could be analyzed. 20.7% developed a pCR and 47.1% were classified as responders. In univariate analysis CEA (p=0.001) and osteopontin (p=0.012) were significant predictors for pCR. Taking response as outcome CEA (p<0.001), IL-8 (p<0.001) and osteopontin (p=0.004) were significant predictors. In multivariate analysis CEA was the strongest predictor for pCR (OR 0.92, p=0.019) and CEA and IL-8 predicted for response (OR 0.97, p=0.029 and OR 0.94, p=0.036). The model based on biomarkers only had an AUC of 0.65 for pCR and 0.68 for response; the strongest model included clinical data, PET-data and biomarkers and had an AUC of 0.81 for pCR and 0.78 for response.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoembryonic Antigen', 'Chemoradiotherapy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-8', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Osteopontin', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Rectal Neoplasms', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,746,566 | Are genetic variants in inducible nitric oxide synthase gene associated with the risk of radiation-induced lung injury in lung cancer patients receiving definitive thoracic radiation? | {
"contexts": [
"Nitric oxide (NO), mainly synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) in pathological conditions, plays an important role in cytotoxicity, inflammation and fibrosis. Elevations in exhaled NO after thoracic radiation have been reported to predict radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). This study examined whether genetic variations in NOS2 gene is associated with the risk of RILI.",
"A cohort of 301 patients between 2009 and 2011 were genotyped for 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NOS2 gene by the Sequenom MassArray system. Kaplan-Meier cumulative probability was used to assess RILI risk and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of NOS2 genotypes on RILI.",
"Multivariate analysis found that three SNPs (rs2297518, rs1137933 and rs16949) in NOS2 were significantly associated with risk of RILI⩾2 (P value=0.001, 0.000092, 0.001, respectively) after adjusting for other covariates. Their associations were independent of radiation dose and mean lung dose. Further haplotype analysis indicated that the ATC haplotype of three SNPs is associated with reducing the risk of developing RILI."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Female",
"Genetic Predisposition to Disease",
"Genetic Variation",
"Haplotypes",
"Humans",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Lung",
"Lung Injury",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Radiation Injuries",
"Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated"
]
} | Our results demonstrate that genetic variants of NOS2 may serve as a reliable predictor of RILI in lung cancer patients treated with thoracic radiation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are genetic variants in inducible nitric oxide synthase gene associated with the risk of radiation-induced lung injury in lung cancer patients receiving definitive thoracic radiation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Nitric oxide (NO), mainly synthesized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) in pathological conditions, plays an important role in cytotoxicity, inflammation and fibrosis. Elevations in exhaled NO after thoracic radiation have been reported to predict radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). This study examined whether genetic variations in NOS2 gene is associated with the risk of RILI.', 'A cohort of 301 patients between 2009 and 2011 were genotyped for 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NOS2 gene by the Sequenom MassArray system. Kaplan-Meier cumulative probability was used to assess RILI risk and Cox proportional hazards analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of NOS2 genotypes on RILI.', 'Multivariate analysis found that three SNPs (rs2297518, rs1137933 and rs16949) in NOS2 were significantly associated with risk of RILI⩾2 (P value=0.001, 0.000092, 0.001, respectively) after adjusting for other covariates. Their associations were independent of radiation dose and mean lung dose. Further haplotype analysis indicated that the ATC haplotype of three SNPs is associated with reducing the risk of developing RILI.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Female', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genetic Variation', 'Haplotypes', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lung', 'Lung Injury', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Radiation Injuries', 'Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,773,941 | Is the positive influence of methotrexate on the mortality of patients with rheumatoid arthritis partly independent of its effect on disease activity : results of a re-evaluation 18 years after baseline? | {
"contexts": [
"Methotrexate (MTX) is the anchor drug in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MTX shows effects on disease activity and mortality. However, it is unclear whether the effect of MTX on mortality depends on its effect on disease activity.",
"In a post-hoc analysis we analysed the data of our cohort established in Ratingen, Germany, and included all patients starting treatment with MTX (n=271) between 1980 and 1987. One year after baseline (BL), response to MTX treatment was assessed using a modified ACR 20 response. Follow-up data of 250 patients were available after 10 and 18 years.",
"After 1 year, there were 66% responders and 20% non-responders; only 14% had discontinued MTX treatment due to side effects or lack of efficacy. Most patients continued MTX treatment irrespective of efficacy. Ten years after BL, 61% of the patients were still treated with MTX. After 18 years, the responder-group showed a standardised mortality ratio of 1.6 compared to 3.2 for the group of non-responders. However, when adjusting for age, gender, response to MTX treatment one year after BL, number of swollen joints and comorbidities after 10 years an independent association of continued MTX treatment with lower mortality was found for the period 10 to 18 years after BL (hazard ratio (HR): 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.92, p=0.015)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Antirheumatic Agents",
"Arthritis, Rheumatoid",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Germany",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Methotrexate",
"Middle Aged",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | In this cohort, the mortality lowering effect of continued MTX use was partly independent of its effect on disease activity. This finding may affect treatment decisions concerning RA patients with insufficient response to MTX. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the positive influence of methotrexate on the mortality of patients with rheumatoid arthritis partly independent of its effect on disease activity : results of a re-evaluation 18 years after baseline?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Methotrexate (MTX) is the anchor drug in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MTX shows effects on disease activity and mortality. However, it is unclear whether the effect of MTX on mortality depends on its effect on disease activity.', 'In a post-hoc analysis we analysed the data of our cohort established in Ratingen, Germany, and included all patients starting treatment with MTX (n=271) between 1980 and 1987. One year after baseline (BL), response to MTX treatment was assessed using a modified ACR 20 response. Follow-up data of 250 patients were available after 10 and 18 years.', 'After 1 year, there were 66% responders and 20% non-responders; only 14% had discontinued MTX treatment due to side effects or lack of efficacy. Most patients continued MTX treatment irrespective of efficacy. Ten years after BL, 61% of the patients were still treated with MTX. After 18 years, the responder-group showed a standardised mortality ratio of 1.6 compared to 3.2 for the group of non-responders. However, when adjusting for age, gender, response to MTX treatment one year after BL, number of swollen joints and comorbidities after 10 years an independent association of continued MTX treatment with lower mortality was found for the period 10 to 18 years after BL (hazard ratio (HR): 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.43-0.92, p=0.015).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Germany', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,759,959 | Does methylglyoxal impair endothelial insulin sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Insulin exerts a direct action on vascular cells, thereby affecting the outcome and progression of diabetic vascular complications. However, the mechanism through which insulin signalling is impaired in the endothelium of diabetic individuals remains unclear. In this work, we have evaluated the role of the AGE precursor methylglyoxal (MGO) in generating endothelial insulin resistance both in cells and in animal models.",
"Time course experiments were performed on mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) incubated with 500 μmol/l MGO. The glyoxalase-1 inhibitor S-p-bromobenzylglutathione-cyclopentyl-diester (SpBrBzGSHCp2) was used to increase the endogenous levels of MGO. For the in vivo study, an MGO solution was administrated i.p. to C57BL/6 mice for 7 weeks.",
"MGO prevented the insulin-dependent activation of the IRS1/protein kinase Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway, thereby blunting nitric oxide (NO) production, while extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation and endothelin-1 (ET-1) release were increased by MGO in MAECs. Similar results were obtained in MAECs treated with SpBrBzGSHCp2. In MGO- and SpBrBzGSHCp2-exposed cells, inhibition of ERK1/2 decreased IRS1 phosphorylation on S616 and rescued insulin-dependent Akt activation and NO generation, indicating that MGO inhibition of the IRS1/Akt/eNOS pathway is mediated, at least in part, by ERK1/2. Chronic administration of MGO to C57BL/6 mice impaired whole-body insulin sensitivity and induced endothelial insulin resistance."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Endothelial Cells",
"Glutathione",
"Insulin",
"Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Mice",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III",
"Phosphorylation",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt",
"Pyruvaldehyde",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | MGO impairs the action of insulin on the endothelium both in vitro and in vivo, at least in part through an ERK1/2-mediated mechanism. These findings may be instrumental in developing novel strategies for preserving endothelial function in diabetes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does methylglyoxal impair endothelial insulin sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Insulin exerts a direct action on vascular cells, thereby affecting the outcome and progression of diabetic vascular complications. However, the mechanism through which insulin signalling is impaired in the endothelium of diabetic individuals remains unclear. In this work, we have evaluated the role of the AGE precursor methylglyoxal (MGO) in generating endothelial insulin resistance both in cells and in animal models.', 'Time course experiments were performed on mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) incubated with 500 μmol/l MGO. The glyoxalase-1 inhibitor S-p-bromobenzylglutathione-cyclopentyl-diester (SpBrBzGSHCp2) was used to increase the endogenous levels of MGO. For the in vivo study, an MGO solution was administrated i.p. to C57BL/6 mice for 7 weeks.', 'MGO prevented the insulin-dependent activation of the IRS1/protein kinase Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway, thereby blunting nitric oxide (NO) production, while extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activation and endothelin-1 (ET-1) release were increased by MGO in MAECs. Similar results were obtained in MAECs treated with SpBrBzGSHCp2. In MGO- and SpBrBzGSHCp2-exposed cells, inhibition of ERK1/2 decreased IRS1 phosphorylation on S616 and rescued insulin-dependent Akt activation and NO generation, indicating that MGO inhibition of the IRS1/Akt/eNOS pathway is mediated, at least in part, by ERK1/2. Chronic administration of MGO to C57BL/6 mice impaired whole-body insulin sensitivity and induced endothelial insulin resistance.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Endothelial Cells', 'Glutathione', 'Insulin', 'Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Mice', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Phosphorylation', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt', 'Pyruvaldehyde', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,761,813 | Is transsulfuration an active pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma rangeli? | {
"contexts": [
"Cysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions such as protein biosynthesis, methylation, and polyamine and glutathione syntheses. In trypanosomatids, glutathione is conjugated with spermidine to form the specific antioxidant thiol trypanothione (T[SH]2) that plays a central role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and providing defence against oxidative stress.",
"We cloned and characterised genes coding for a cystathionine β-synthase (CβS) and cysteine synthase (CS), key enzymes of the transsulfuration and assimilatory pathways, respectively, from the hemoflagellate protozoan parasite Trypanosoma rangeli.",
"Our results show that T. rangeli CβS (TrCβS), similar to its homologs in T. cruzi, contains the catalytic domain essential for enzymatic activity. Unlike the enzymes in bacteria, plants, and other parasites, T. rangeli CS lacks two of the four lysine residues (Lys26 and Lys184) required for activity. Enzymatic studies using T. rangeli extracts confirmed the absence of CS activity but confirmed the expression of an active CβS. Moreover, CβS biochemical assays revealed that the T. rangeli CβS enzyme also has serine sulfhydrylase activity."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amino Acid Sequence",
"Animals",
"Cloning, Molecular",
"Cystathionine beta-Synthase",
"Cysteine",
"Cysteine Synthase",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Phosphatidylethanolamines",
"Species Specificity",
"Trypanosoma cruzi",
"Trypanosoma rangeli"
]
} | These findings demonstrate that the RTS pathway is active in T. rangeli, suggesting that this may be the only pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in this parasite. In this sense, the RTS pathway appears to have an important functional role during the insect stage of the life cycle of this protozoan parasite. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is transsulfuration an active pathway for cysteine biosynthesis in Trypanosoma rangeli?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions such as protein biosynthesis, methylation, and polyamine and glutathione syntheses. In trypanosomatids, glutathione is conjugated with spermidine to form the specific antioxidant thiol trypanothione (T[SH]2) that plays a central role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis and providing defence against oxidative stress.', 'We cloned and characterised genes coding for a cystathionine β-synthase (CβS) and cysteine synthase (CS), key enzymes of the transsulfuration and assimilatory pathways, respectively, from the hemoflagellate protozoan parasite Trypanosoma rangeli.', 'Our results show that T. rangeli CβS (TrCβS), similar to its homologs in T. cruzi, contains the catalytic domain essential for enzymatic activity. Unlike the enzymes in bacteria, plants, and other parasites, T. rangeli CS lacks two of the four lysine residues (Lys26 and Lys184) required for activity. Enzymatic studies using T. rangeli extracts confirmed the absence of CS activity but confirmed the expression of an active CβS. Moreover, CβS biochemical assays revealed that the T. rangeli CβS enzyme also has serine sulfhydrylase activity.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Cystathionine beta-Synthase', 'Cysteine', 'Cysteine Synthase', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Species Specificity', 'Trypanosoma cruzi', 'Trypanosoma rangeli']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,777,158 | Does dehydration affect spinal cord cross-sectional area measurement on MRI in healthy subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"This was a prospective cohort observational study.",
"To determine the effect of dehydration and rehydration on spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).",
"MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada.",
"Ten healthy subjects (aged 21-32 years) were scanned on a 3T MRI scanner at four time points: (1) baseline, (2) rescan after 1 h, (3) the next day after fasting for a minimum of 14 h and (4) after rehydration with 1.5 l of water over the course of 1 h. Two independent, established semi-automatic CSA measurement techniques (one based on two-dimensional (2D) edge detection, the other on three-dimensional (3D) surface fitting) were applied to a 3D T1-weighted scan of each subject at each time point, with the operator blinded to scan order. The percentage change in CSA from baseline to each subsequent time point was calculated. One-tailed paired t-tests were used to assess the significance of the changes from baseline.",
"A decrease in CSA following dehydration was detected by both measurement methods, with a mean change of -0.654% (s.d.=0.778, P<0.05) and -0.650% (s.d.=1.071, P<0.05) for the first and second methods, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Algorithms",
"Cohort Studies",
"Dehydration",
"Fasting",
"Female",
"Fluid Therapy",
"Healthy Volunteers",
"Humans",
"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Observation",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Spinal Cord",
"Time Factors",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Dehydration can confound CSA measurements on MRI. The magnitude of the effect is significant relative to short-term pathological changes that have been observed in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dehydration affect spinal cord cross-sectional area measurement on MRI in healthy subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This was a prospective cohort observational study.', 'To determine the effect of dehydration and rehydration on spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) measurement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).', 'MRI Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Canada.', 'Ten healthy subjects (aged 21-32 years) were scanned on a 3T MRI scanner at four time points: (1) baseline, (2) rescan after 1\\u2009h, (3) the next day after fasting for a minimum of 14\\u2009h and (4) after rehydration with 1.5\\u2009l of water over the course of 1\\u2009h. Two independent, established semi-automatic CSA measurement techniques (one based on two-dimensional (2D) edge detection, the other on three-dimensional (3D) surface fitting) were applied to a 3D T1-weighted scan of each subject at each time point, with the operator blinded to scan order. The percentage change in CSA from baseline to each subsequent time point was calculated. One-tailed paired t-tests were used to assess the significance of the changes from baseline.', 'A decrease in CSA following dehydration was detected by both measurement methods, with a mean change of -0.654% (s.d.=0.778, P<0.05) and -0.650% (s.d.=1.071, P<0.05) for the first and second methods, respectively.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Algorithms', 'Cohort Studies', 'Dehydration', 'Fasting', 'Female', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Observation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Spinal Cord', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,756,738 | Is mean platelet volume associated with glycaemic control and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV) and glycometabolic indices, to compare MPV according to HbA1c levels, and to analyse the difference in MPV between patients with and without microvascular complications.",
"This retrospective study was conducted on 60 Type 2 diabetic patients and 50 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. We obtained demographic, clinical and laboratory data including MPV, platelet count, fasting and postprandial blood glucose (FBG and PBG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in patient and control groups, and diabetic microvascular complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy in the patient group. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 15.0 for Windows.",
"Mean platelet volume in the diabetic group was higher than in the control group (p = 0.001). Mean platelet volume was positively correlated with FBG and HbA1c levels (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001, respectively). It was also negatively related to platelet count (p < 0.001). Mean platelet volume in patients with HbA1c > 7% was significantly higher than those with HbA1c ≤ 7% (p < 0.001). Mean platelet volume was significantly increased in patients with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (p = 0.04)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Glucose",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Diabetic Retinopathy",
"Female",
"Glycated Hemoglobin A",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mean Platelet Volume",
"Middle Aged",
"Retrospective Studies"
]
} | This study has shown that an increased MPV is closely associated with poor glycaemic control, which may be a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Nonetheless, further prospective studies are needed to assess the relationship between MPV, glycaemic indices and microvascular complications. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is mean platelet volume associated with glycaemic control and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV) and glycometabolic indices, to compare MPV according to HbA1c levels, and to analyse the difference in MPV between patients with and without microvascular complications.', 'This retrospective study was conducted on 60 Type 2 diabetic patients and 50 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls. We obtained demographic, clinical and laboratory data including MPV, platelet count, fasting and postprandial blood glucose (FBG and PBG), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in patient and control groups, and diabetic microvascular complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy in the patient group. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 15.0 for Windows.', 'Mean platelet volume in the diabetic group was higher than in the control group (p = 0.001). Mean platelet volume was positively correlated with FBG and HbA1c levels (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001, respectively). It was also negatively related to platelet count (p < 0.001). Mean platelet volume in patients with HbA1c > 7% was significantly higher than those with HbA1c ≤ 7% (p < 0.001). Mean platelet volume was significantly increased in patients with retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy (p = 0.04).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Glycated Hemoglobin A', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mean Platelet Volume', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,763,405 | Is younger age associated with lower reactive hyperemic index but not lower flow-mediated dilation among children and adolescents? | {
"contexts": [
"The use of digital reactive hyperemia as a measure of endothelial function among children and adolescents is becoming increasingly common. However, unexpected observations of low reactive hyperemic index values in younger children in our laboratory led us to conduct a study evaluating the influence of age, sex, height, weight, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and finger volume on RHI values.",
"Endothelial function, measured by digital reactive hyperemia (reactive hyperemic index: RHI) was assessed in 113 children and adolescents (mean age 12.4 ± 3.8 years; 64 males), with 102 also assessed for brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) using ultrasound imaging. Associations with age, sex, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), BMI, and finger volume were evaluated.",
"Using GLM regression, age (β = 0.03, P = 0.014) and SBP (β = 0.015, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with RHI. No measures were associated with FMD. In the subset of individuals with measured finger volume, age (β = 0.025, P = 0.037) was the only measure significantly associated with log RHI. Similarly, no measures were associated with FMD."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Age Factors",
"Blood Pressure",
"Body Mass Index",
"Brachial Artery",
"Child",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Female",
"Fingers",
"Humans",
"Hyperemia",
"Male",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Regional Blood Flow",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Ultrasonography",
"Vasodilation",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Younger age is associated with lower RHI but not lower FMD among children and adolescents. These findings call into question the validity and usefulness of digital reactive hyperemia as a method to quantify endothelial function among younger children. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is younger age associated with lower reactive hyperemic index but not lower flow-mediated dilation among children and adolescents?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The use of digital reactive hyperemia as a measure of endothelial function among children and adolescents is becoming increasingly common. However, unexpected observations of low reactive hyperemic index values in younger children in our laboratory led us to conduct a study evaluating the influence of age, sex, height, weight, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and finger volume on RHI values.', 'Endothelial function, measured by digital reactive hyperemia (reactive hyperemic index: RHI) was assessed in 113 children and adolescents (mean age 12.4 ± 3.8 years; 64 males), with 102 also assessed for brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) using ultrasound imaging. Associations with age, sex, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), BMI, and finger volume were evaluated.', 'Using GLM regression, age (β = 0.03, P = 0.014) and SBP (β = 0.015, P = 0.004) were significantly associated with RHI. No measures were associated with FMD. In the subset of individuals with measured finger volume, age (β = 0.025, P = 0.037) was the only measure significantly associated with log RHI. Similarly, no measures were associated with FMD.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Mass Index', 'Brachial Artery', 'Child', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Female', 'Fingers', 'Humans', 'Hyperemia', 'Male', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Ultrasonography', 'Vasodilation', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,763,407 | Is low serum bilirubin concentration a predictor of chronic kidney disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. It is very important to identify the factors that affect CKD. Previous studies have reported that serum bilirubin concentration was positively correlated with renal function in a cross-sectional study. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum bilirubin concentration and the progression of CKD.",
"A cohort study was performed on a consecutive series of 2784 subjects without CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), at baseline. We analyzed the relationship between serum total bilirubin concentration at baseline and new-onset CKD in the general population.",
"We followed the subjects for a median period of 7.7 years. There were 1157 females and 1627 males, and 231 females and 370 males developed CKD during this period. Multiple Cox regression analyses revealed that serum total bilirubin concentration (hazard ratio (HR) per 1.0 μmol/L increase 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.99), P = 0.0084) in addition to age, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), uric acid (UA), creatinine and medication for hypertension in men and serum total bilirubin concentration (HR per 1.0 μmol/L increase 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-1.00), P = 0.0309) in addition to age, GGT, alanine aminotransferase, UA, creatinine and medication for dyslipidemia in women were independent predictors of new-onset CKD, after adjusting for confounders."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Bilirubin",
"Biomarkers",
"Disease Progression",
"Down-Regulation",
"Female",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Health Surveys",
"Humans",
"Japan",
"Kidney",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Our study demonstrated that serum total bilirubin concentration could be a novel risk factor for the progression of CKD, defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), in the general population. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is low serum bilirubin concentration a predictor of chronic kidney disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. It is very important to identify the factors that affect CKD. Previous studies have reported that serum bilirubin concentration was positively correlated with renal function in a cross-sectional study. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum bilirubin concentration and the progression of CKD.', 'A cohort study was performed on a consecutive series of 2784 subjects without CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), at baseline. We analyzed the relationship between serum total bilirubin concentration at baseline and new-onset CKD in the general population.', 'We followed the subjects for a median period of 7.7 years. There were 1157 females and 1627 males, and 231 females and 370 males developed CKD during this period. Multiple Cox regression analyses revealed that serum total bilirubin concentration (hazard ratio (HR) per 1.0 μmol/L increase 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.99), P = 0.0084) in addition to age, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), uric acid (UA), creatinine and medication for hypertension in men and serum total bilirubin concentration (HR per 1.0 μmol/L increase 0.96 (95% CI 0.93-1.00), P = 0.0309) in addition to age, GGT, alanine aminotransferase, UA, creatinine and medication for dyslipidemia in women were independent predictors of new-onset CKD, after adjusting for confounders.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Bilirubin', 'Biomarkers', 'Disease Progression', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Renal Insufficiency, Chronic', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,767,324 | Is repeated introperative cholangiography helpful for donor safety in the procurement of right liver graft with supraportal right bile duct variants in living-donor liver transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite recent advances in preoperative diagnostic imaging and operative techniques, biliary variation of the donor still remains a challenge in the procurement of graft. The supraportal right bile duct (BD) variant including presentation as trifurcation is a potential trap for injuring the remnant bile duct of donor.",
"Before living/related-donor liver transplantation (LRLT), cholangiogram with magnetic resonance images of each donor was performed as a routine. After exploration of the donor before hilar dissection, intraoperative chloangiography (IOC) was routinely performed. Among the supraportal right bile duct variants, if the preoperative cholangiography showed a suspected trifurcation of the bile duct, we then performed 3 sessions of IOC during liver graft procurement, including prior to hilar dissection, before the division of bile ducts and after the division. We reviewed the cholangiogram and the postoperative laboratory data of a consecutive series of 25 donors of LRLT.",
"There was no division injury of the remnant bile duct of all of the donors."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bile Ducts",
"Cholangiography",
"Humans",
"Intraoperative Period",
"Liver Transplantation",
"Living Donors",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Patient Safety"
]
} | Repeated IOC is suggested as a routine for variants of supraportal right bile ducts especially trifurcation pattern in graft procurement to avoid the injury of donor remnant bile ducts. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is repeated introperative cholangiography helpful for donor safety in the procurement of right liver graft with supraportal right bile duct variants in living-donor liver transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Despite recent advances in preoperative diagnostic imaging and operative techniques, biliary variation of the donor still remains a challenge in the procurement of graft. The supraportal right bile duct (BD) variant including presentation as trifurcation is a potential trap for injuring the remnant bile duct of donor.', 'Before living/related-donor liver transplantation (LRLT), cholangiogram with magnetic resonance images of each donor was performed as a routine. After exploration of the donor before hilar dissection, intraoperative chloangiography (IOC) was routinely performed. Among the supraportal right bile duct variants, if the preoperative cholangiography showed a suspected trifurcation of the bile duct, we then performed 3 sessions of IOC during liver graft procurement, including prior to hilar dissection, before the division of bile ducts and after the division. We reviewed the cholangiogram and the postoperative laboratory data of a consecutive series of 25 donors of LRLT.', 'There was no division injury of the remnant bile duct of all of the donors.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bile Ducts', 'Cholangiography', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Period', 'Liver Transplantation', 'Living Donors', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Patient Safety']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,776,717 | Is growth in preterm infants until 36 weeks ' postmenstrual age close to target recommendations? | {
"contexts": [
"To establish the determinants of weight, length and head circumference changes during their initial hospitalization in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants.",
"A prospective cohort study was performed. Weight z-score and percentage of target dietary intakes (TDIs) were prospectively determined daily during the first 5 weeks of life in a group of preterm infants (n = 111, birth weight <1,500 g, gestational age <34 weeks). Weight, length and head circumference at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) were recorded. A mixed effects regression model was used to evaluate changes in weight z-score during the first 5 weeks of life. Simple Pearson correlations and stepwise logistic regression were used to determine the relationship between fetal growth, illness severity, nutritional intake and growth at 36 weeks' PMA.",
"Weight z-score decreased significantly in all infants during the first 5 weeks of life from -0.92 ± 0.66 at birth to -1.89 ± 0.65 at 5 weeks. The variation of weight z-score during the first 5 weeks of life was influenced by weight z-score at birth, energy and protein intakes and gestational age. Mean energy and protein intakes were 95.5 and 86.4% of TDIs. Weight z-score fell to -2.05 ± 0.64 at 36 weeks' PMA. Birth weight z-score was significantly correlated with weight z-score at 36 weeks (R2 = 0.71; p < 0.001). Severity of illness influenced the weight z-score at 36 weeks."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Body Height",
"Body Weight",
"Cohort Studies",
"Eating",
"Energy Intake",
"Female",
"Gestational Age",
"Head",
"Humans",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Infant, Very Low Birth Weight",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | Despite achieving a protein and energy intake close to the described target intake, the rate of growth in our infants was lower than indicated by the intrauterine growth curve. Lower gestational age, lower birth weight and severe illness had a negative effect on growth. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is growth in preterm infants until 36 weeks ' postmenstrual age close to target recommendations?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To establish the determinants of weight, length and head circumference changes during their initial hospitalization in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants.', \"A prospective cohort study was performed. Weight z-score and percentage of target dietary intakes (TDIs) were prospectively determined daily during the first 5 weeks of life in a group of preterm infants (n = 111, birth weight <1,500 g, gestational age <34 weeks). Weight, length and head circumference at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) were recorded. A mixed effects regression model was used to evaluate changes in weight z-score during the first 5 weeks of life. Simple Pearson correlations and stepwise logistic regression were used to determine the relationship between fetal growth, illness severity, nutritional intake and growth at 36 weeks' PMA.\", \"Weight z-score decreased significantly in all infants during the first 5 weeks of life from -0.92 ± 0.66 at birth to -1.89 ± 0.65 at 5 weeks. The variation of weight z-score during the first 5 weeks of life was influenced by weight z-score at birth, energy and protein intakes and gestational age. Mean energy and protein intakes were 95.5 and 86.4% of TDIs. Weight z-score fell to -2.05 ± 0.64 at 36 weeks' PMA. Birth weight z-score was significantly correlated with weight z-score at 36 weeks (R2 = 0.71; p < 0.001). Severity of illness influenced the weight z-score at 36 weeks.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Body Height', 'Body Weight', 'Cohort Studies', 'Eating', 'Energy Intake', 'Female', 'Gestational Age', 'Head', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Infant, Very Low Birth Weight', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,748,281 | Is transient intrauterine fluid accumulation not due to hydrosalpinx or any identifiable pelvic pathology detrimental to IVF outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"This study is to assess whether transient intrauterine fluid accumulation (IUFA) first noted during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation that does not persist on the day of embryo transfer not due to any identifiable pelvic pathology has any detrimental effect on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome.",
"From a database of 16,900 cycles, 144 patients with transient \"physiological\" IUFA were recruited. Four hundred fifty-one consecutive patients who had male factor infertility served as the control group. The amount of IUFA classified as largest dimension in the antero-posterior (AP) plane; ≤2, 3-5 or >5 mm.",
"The mean female age, the mean number of embryos transferred and endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration were comparable among the study and control groups. Similarly, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy and implantation rates were comparable among the study and control groups. Female age was noted to be the only significant independent predictor of ongoing pregnancy. The AP dimension of IUFA did not have any impact on pregnancy and implantation rates."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abortion, Spontaneous",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Body Fluids",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Embryo Transfer",
"Female",
"Fertilization in Vitro",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Ovulation Induction",
"Pregnancy",
"Pregnancy Rate",
"Ultrasonography",
"Uterus"
]
} | Transient IUFA not due to hydrosalpinx or any identifiable pelvic pathology has no detrimental effect on IVF pregnancy rates. Hence, cycle cancellation should be avoided in such cycles. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is transient intrauterine fluid accumulation not due to hydrosalpinx or any identifiable pelvic pathology detrimental to IVF outcome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study is to assess whether transient intrauterine fluid accumulation (IUFA) first noted during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation that does not persist on the day of embryo transfer not due to any identifiable pelvic pathology has any detrimental effect on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome.', 'From a database of 16,900 cycles, 144 patients with transient \"physiological\" IUFA were recruited. Four hundred fifty-one consecutive patients who had male factor infertility served as the control group. The amount of IUFA classified as largest dimension in the antero-posterior (AP) plane; ≤2, 3-5 or >5\\xa0mm.', 'The mean female age, the mean number of embryos transferred and endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration were comparable among the study and control groups. Similarly, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy and implantation rates were comparable among the study and control groups. Female age was noted to be the only significant independent predictor of ongoing pregnancy. The AP dimension of IUFA did not have any impact on pregnancy and implantation rates.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abortion, Spontaneous', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Body Fluids', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy Rate', 'Ultrasonography', 'Uterus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
24,774,218 | Is down regulation of miR-143 related with tumor size , lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical squamous cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"This study is to investigate the role of miR-143 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).",
"The expression level of miR-143 was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype was detected by HPV genotype detection kit. The expression level of bcl-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry.",
"The positive rate of HPV was 78% in the patients of cervical SCC. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16, with a positive rate of 42%. The expression level of miR-143 was significantly lower in the cervical SCC tissues than that in the normal cervical tissues (Z=-2.180, P=0.029). Down-regulated miR-143 expression was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical cancer patients. No significant associations were found between the expression levels of miR-143 and age, clinical stage, differentiation or lymph vascular space invasion. And, in cervical SCC patients after treatment with Taxol chemotherapy, the expression level of miR-143 was higher and the positive expression of bcl-2 protein was lower. However, the differences in expression changes of miR-143 and bcl-2 were not statistically significant (miR-143, Z=-0.763, P=0.446; bcl-2 protein, χ2=2.277, P=0.131)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Chemotherapy, Adjuvant",
"Chi-Square Distribution",
"China",
"DNA, Viral",
"Down-Regulation",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Genotype",
"Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests",
"Human papillomavirus 16",
"Humans",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"MicroRNAs",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoadjuvant Therapy",
"Paclitaxel",
"Papillomavirus Infections",
"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Tumor Burden",
"Uterine Cervical Neoplasms"
]
} | Down-regulated miR-143 is related with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical SCC, but miR-143 does not participate in the Taxol sensitivity response. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is down regulation of miR-143 related with tumor size , lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical squamous cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study is to investigate the role of miR-143 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).', 'The expression level of miR-143 was examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype was detected by HPV genotype detection kit. The expression level of bcl-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry.', 'The positive rate of HPV was 78% in the patients of cervical SCC. The most prevalent genotype was HPV16, with a positive rate of 42%. The expression level of miR-143 was significantly lower in the cervical SCC tissues than that in the normal cervical tissues (Z=-2.180, P=0.029). Down-regulated miR-143 expression was associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and HPV16 infection in cervical cancer patients. No significant associations were found between the expression levels of miR-143 and age, clinical stage, differentiation or lymph vascular space invasion. And, in cervical SCC patients after treatment with Taxol chemotherapy, the expression level of miR-143 was higher and the positive expression of bcl-2 protein was lower. However, the differences in expression changes of miR-143 and bcl-2 were not statistically significant (miR-143, Z=-0.763, P=0.446; bcl-2 protein, χ2=2.277, P=0.131).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Chemotherapy, Adjuvant', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'China', 'DNA, Viral', 'Down-Regulation', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genotype', 'Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests', 'Human papillomavirus 16', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoadjuvant Therapy', 'Paclitaxel', 'Papillomavirus Infections', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tumor Burden', 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,765,229 | Does video education provide effective wound care instruction pre- or post-mohs micrographic surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to determine if delivery of wound care instruction pre-Mohs micrographic surgery versus the typical, post-Mohs surgery would allow for greater patient retention.",
"A non-blinded, randomized, controlled trial receiving institutional review board exemption from Michigan State University was conducted over a three-month period. Patients scheduled for Mohs surgery on 13 selected days were randomized into pre- versus post-procedure groups to receive wound care education.",
"This study was conducted at a dermatology practice in Saint Joseph, Michigan.",
"Fifty cognitive and literate patients greater than 18 years of age were evaluated in this study.",
"PARTICIPANTS' ability to recall instructions delivered by a Mohs surgeon in the form of digital media was assessed by a 10-question, multiple-choice exam. Additional analyses were conducted on patient's disposition around medical professionals, past experience with Mohs surgery, preference for digital media versus human instruction, and desire for home access.",
"Pre- (n=24; score=77±14%) versus post-(n=26; 83±11%) procedure education displayed no significant difference (p=0.13) in overall questionnaire performance. Seventy-four percent of participants preferred video delivery as opposed to provider instruction. Thirty-four percent reported being intimidated by healthcare workers. Participant performance showed no significant change (p=0.78) with previous exposure (79±19%) to Mohs surgery versus a first-time encounter (80±11%)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Video education prior to or post-Mohs surgery serves as an effective mechanism for patient education and improvement of time management in clinical practice. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does video education provide effective wound care instruction pre- or post-mohs micrographic surgery?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of this study was to determine if delivery of wound care instruction pre-Mohs micrographic surgery versus the typical, post-Mohs surgery would allow for greater patient retention.', 'A non-blinded, randomized, controlled trial receiving institutional review board exemption from Michigan State University was conducted over a three-month period. Patients scheduled for Mohs surgery on 13 selected days were randomized into pre- versus post-procedure groups to receive wound care education.', 'This study was conducted at a dermatology practice in Saint Joseph, Michigan.', 'Fifty cognitive and literate patients greater than 18 years of age were evaluated in this study.', \"PARTICIPANTS' ability to recall instructions delivered by a Mohs surgeon in the form of digital media was assessed by a 10-question, multiple-choice exam. Additional analyses were conducted on patient's disposition around medical professionals, past experience with Mohs surgery, preference for digital media versus human instruction, and desire for home access.\", 'Pre- (n=24; score=77±14%) versus post-(n=26; 83±11%) procedure education displayed no significant difference (p=0.13) in overall questionnaire performance. Seventy-four percent of participants preferred video delivery as opposed to provider instruction. Thirty-four percent reported being intimidated by healthcare workers. Participant performance showed no significant change (p=0.78) with previous exposure (79±19%) to Mohs surgery versus a first-time encounter (80±11%).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,754,983 | Do [ Effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment of inflammatory factors in patients with overlap syndrome ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on the serum levels of associated inflammatory factors in patients with overlap syndrome (OS).",
"Seventy-four patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or overlap syndrome (OS) were recruited from Department of Respirology and Affiliated Sleep Center of our hospital from March 2012 to September 2013. They were divided into OSAS (n = 25), COPD (n = 26) and OS (n = 23) groups according to the results of polysomnography (PSG) and spirometry. By enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were measured and compared before and at Day 30 post-CPAP in OSAS and OS groups.",
"At pre-CPAP, there was no statistical difference in serum levels of CRP ((7.2 ± 6.6),(8.4 ± 6.8),(8.5 ± 7.9) mg/L) and TNF-α ((33 ± 13),(52 ± 34),(41 ± 33) ng/L) among OSAS, COPD and OS groups (all P > 0.05).However, serum ADMA level in OSAS group were significantly lower than those in COPD group ((0.50 ± 0.08) vs (0.71 ± 0.31) µmol/L, P = 0.002). Compared with before and at Day 30 post-CPAP, although no significant difference existed in serum levels of ADMA (all P > 0.05), at Day 30 post-CPAP there were significantly lower serum levels of CRP ((4.5 ± 4.2) and (5.5 ± 4.1) mg/L) and TNF-α levels ((31 ± 9) and (35 ± 24) ng/L) than those pre-CPAP in OSAS and OS groups respectively (all P < 0.05).No significant difference existed between OSAS and OS groups (all P > 0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Arginine",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Continuous Positive Airway Pressure",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive",
"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | CPAP treatment significantly reduces the serum levels of CRP and TNF-α so as to improve inflammation responses in OS and OSAS patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do [ Effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment of inflammatory factors in patients with overlap syndrome ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To explore the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on the serum levels of associated inflammatory factors in patients with overlap syndrome (OS).', 'Seventy-four patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or overlap syndrome (OS) were recruited from Department of Respirology and Affiliated Sleep Center of our hospital from March 2012 to September 2013. They were divided into OSAS (n = 25), COPD (n = 26) and OS (n = 23) groups according to the results of polysomnography (PSG) and spirometry. By enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were measured and compared before and at Day 30 post-CPAP in OSAS and OS groups.', 'At pre-CPAP, there was no statistical difference in serum levels of CRP ((7.2 ± 6.6),(8.4 ± 6.8),(8.5 ± 7.9) mg/L) and TNF-α ((33 ± 13),(52 ± 34),(41 ± 33) ng/L) among OSAS, COPD and OS groups (all P > 0.05).However, serum ADMA level in OSAS group were significantly lower than those in COPD group ((0.50 ± 0.08) vs (0.71 ± 0.31) µmol/L, P = 0.002). Compared with before and at Day 30 post-CPAP, although no significant difference existed in serum levels of ADMA (all P > 0.05), at Day 30 post-CPAP there were significantly lower serum levels of CRP ((4.5 ± 4.2) and (5.5 ± 4.1) mg/L) and TNF-α levels ((31 ± 9) and (35 ± 24) ng/L) than those pre-CPAP in OSAS and OS groups respectively (all P < 0.05).No significant difference existed between OSAS and OS groups (all P > 0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Arginine', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Continuous Positive Airway Pressure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,755,887 | Is tumour-initiating capacity independent of epithelial-mesenchymal transition status in breast cancer cell lines? | {
"contexts": [
"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be crucial for cancer biology. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EMT directly led to the acquisition of tumour-initiating capacity in breast cancer cell lines.",
"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced in five breast cancer cell lines and one normal breast cell line by EMT-related cytokine stimulation. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) was induced by stably overexpressing miR-200c in three mesenchymal-like breast cancer cell lines. Molecular expression and cell function analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of EMT or MET on tumour-initiating capacity and other biological characteristics.",
"The induction of EMT did not enhance tumour-initiating capacity but, instead, conferred a CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) phenotype as well as cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to doxorubicin and radiation on breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, MET did not lead to inhibition or loss of the tumour-initiating capacity in mesenchymal-like breast cancer cell lines, but it markedly attenuated other malignant properties, including proliferation, invasion, and resistance to therapy."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antibiotics, Antineoplastic",
"Antigens, Neoplasm",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Cell Division",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Movement",
"Cholera Toxin",
"Cytokines",
"Doxorubicin",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyaluronan Receptors",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Immunophenotyping",
"Insulin",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred NOD",
"Mice, SCID",
"MicroRNAs",
"Neoplasm Transplantation",
"Neoplastic Stem Cells",
"Radiation Tolerance"
]
} | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition does not alter tumour-initiating capacity of breast cancer cells but some other biological characteristics. Therefore, EMT and tumour-initiating capacity may not be directly linked in breast cancer cell lines. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is tumour-initiating capacity independent of epithelial-mesenchymal transition status in breast cancer cell lines?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be crucial for cancer biology. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EMT directly led to the acquisition of tumour-initiating capacity in breast cancer cell lines.', 'Epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced in five breast cancer cell lines and one normal breast cell line by EMT-related cytokine stimulation. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) was induced by stably overexpressing miR-200c in three mesenchymal-like breast cancer cell lines. Molecular expression and cell function analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of EMT or MET on tumour-initiating capacity and other biological characteristics.', 'The induction of EMT did not enhance tumour-initiating capacity but, instead, conferred a CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) phenotype as well as cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to doxorubicin and radiation on breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, MET did not lead to inhibition or loss of the tumour-initiating capacity in mesenchymal-like breast cancer cell lines, but it markedly attenuated other malignant properties, including proliferation, invasion, and resistance to therapy.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antibiotics, Antineoplastic', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cholera Toxin', 'Cytokines', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Insulin', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Mice, SCID', 'MicroRNAs', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neoplastic Stem Cells', 'Radiation Tolerance']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,758,388 | Does rutin protect against cognitive deficits and brain damage in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a critical causative factor for the development of cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly, which involves many pathophysiological processes. Consequently, inhibition of several pathophysiological pathways is an attractive therapeutic strategy for this disorder. Rutin, a biologically active flavonoid, protects the brain against several insults through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its effect on cognitive deficits and brain damage caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remains unknown. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of rutin on cognitive impairments and the potential mechanisms underlying its action in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.",
"We used Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), a well-established model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. After rutin treatment for 12 weeks, the neuroprotective effect of rutin in rats was evaluated by behavioural tests, biochemical and histopathological analyses.",
"BCCAO rats showed marked cognitive deficits, which were improved by rutin treatment. Moreover, BCCAO rats exhibited central cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative damage, inflammatory responses and neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, compared with sham-operated rats. All these effects were significantly alleviated by treatment with rutin."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcholine",
"Animals",
"Astrocytes",
"Avoidance Learning",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Cerebral Cortex",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Cytokines",
"Glutathione Peroxidase",
"Hippocampus",
"Male",
"Malondialdehyde",
"Maze Learning",
"Microglia",
"Neurons",
"Neuroprotective Agents",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Rutin",
"Superoxide Dismutase"
]
} | Our results provide new insights into the pharmacological actions of rutin and suggest that rutin has multi-targeted therapeutical potential on cognitive deficits associated with conditions with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion such as vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does rutin protect against cognitive deficits and brain damage in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a critical causative factor for the development of cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly, which involves many pathophysiological processes. Consequently, inhibition of several pathophysiological pathways is an attractive therapeutic strategy for this disorder. Rutin, a biologically active flavonoid, protects the brain against several insults through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its effect on cognitive deficits and brain damage caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remains unknown. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of rutin on cognitive impairments and the potential mechanisms underlying its action in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.', 'We used Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), a well-established model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. After rutin treatment for 12 weeks, the neuroprotective effect of rutin in rats was evaluated by behavioural tests, biochemical and histopathological analyses.', 'BCCAO rats showed marked cognitive deficits, which were improved by rutin treatment. Moreover, BCCAO rats exhibited central cholinergic dysfunction, oxidative damage, inflammatory responses and neuronal damage in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, compared with sham-operated rats. All these effects were significantly alleviated by treatment with rutin.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Astrocytes', 'Avoidance Learning', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Cytokines', 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'Hippocampus', 'Male', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Maze Learning', 'Microglia', 'Neurons', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rutin', 'Superoxide Dismutase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,758,347 | Are starch biosynthetic genes and enzymes expressed and active in the absence of starch accumulation in sugar beet tap-root? | {
"contexts": [
"Starch is the predominant storage compound in underground plant tissues like roots and tubers. An exception is sugar beet tap-root (Beta vulgaris ssp altissima) which exclusively stores sucrose. The underlying mechanism behind this divergent storage accumulation in sugar beet is currently not fully known. From the general presence of starch in roots and tubers it could be speculated that the lack in sugar beet tap-roots would originate from deficiency in pathways leading to starch. Therefore with emphasis on starch accumulation, we studied tap-roots of sugar beet using parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) as a comparator.",
"Metabolic and structural analyses of sugar beet tap-root confirmed sucrose as the exclusive storage component. No starch granules could be detected in tap-roots of sugar beet or the wild ancestor sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima). Analyses of parsnip showed that the main storage component was starch but tap-root tissue was also found to contain significant levels of sugars. Surprisingly, activities of four main starch biosynthetic enzymes, phosphoglucomutase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme, were similar in sugar beet and parsnip tap-roots. Transcriptional analysis confirmed expression of corresponding genes. Additionally, expression of genes involved in starch accumulation such as for plastidial hexose transportation and starch tuning functions could be determined in tap-roots of both plant species."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Beta vulgaris",
"Biomass",
"Biosynthetic Pathways",
"Circadian Rhythm",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Plant",
"Genes, Plant",
"Pastinaca",
"Plant Leaves",
"Plant Proteins",
"Plant Roots",
"Solubility",
"Starch"
]
} | Considering underground storage organs, sugar beet tap-root upholds a unique property in exclusively storing sucrose. Lack of starch also in the ancestor sea beet indicates an evolved trait of biological importance.Our findings in this study show that gene expression and enzymatic activity of main starch biosynthetic functions are present in sugar beet tap-root during storage accumulation. In view of this, the complete lack of starch in sugar beet tap-roots is enigmatic. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are starch biosynthetic genes and enzymes expressed and active in the absence of starch accumulation in sugar beet tap-root?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Starch is the predominant storage compound in underground plant tissues like roots and tubers. An exception is sugar beet tap-root (Beta vulgaris ssp altissima) which exclusively stores sucrose. The underlying mechanism behind this divergent storage accumulation in sugar beet is currently not fully known. From the general presence of starch in roots and tubers it could be speculated that the lack in sugar beet tap-roots would originate from deficiency in pathways leading to starch. Therefore with emphasis on starch accumulation, we studied tap-roots of sugar beet using parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) as a comparator.', 'Metabolic and structural analyses of sugar beet tap-root confirmed sucrose as the exclusive storage component. No starch granules could be detected in tap-roots of sugar beet or the wild ancestor sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima). Analyses of parsnip showed that the main storage component was starch but tap-root tissue was also found to contain significant levels of sugars. Surprisingly, activities of four main starch biosynthetic enzymes, phosphoglucomutase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase and starch branching enzyme, were similar in sugar beet and parsnip tap-roots. Transcriptional analysis confirmed expression of corresponding genes. Additionally, expression of genes involved in starch accumulation such as for plastidial hexose transportation and starch tuning functions could be determined in tap-roots of both plant species.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Beta vulgaris', 'Biomass', 'Biosynthetic Pathways', 'Circadian Rhythm', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genes, Plant', 'Pastinaca', 'Plant Leaves', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plant Roots', 'Solubility', 'Starch']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,765,534 | Is conventional cytology beneficial for predicting peritoneal recurrence after curative surgery for gastric cancer : results of a prospective clinical study? | {
"contexts": [
"The role of peritoneal washing cytology in determining further treatment strategies after surgery for gastric cancer remains unclear. One reason for this is the fact that optimal procedures to increase the accuracy of predicting peritoneal metastasis have not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cytology using samples harvested from two different abdominal cavity sites during gastric cancer surgery.",
"We prospectively recruited 108 patients who were clinically diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer (higher than cT1 stage disease). Peritoneal washing fluids were collected from the pouch of Douglas and the subphrenic area. Patients were prospectively followed up for 2 years to determine the recurrence and survival rates.",
"Thirty-three patients dropped out of the study for various reasons, so 75 patients were included in the final analysis. Seven patients (9.3%) showed positive cytology findings, of whom, three showed peritoneal recurrence. Tumor size was the only factor associated with positive cytology findings (P=0.037). The accuracy and specificity of cytology for predicting peritoneal recurrence were 90.1% and 94.2%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity was 50.0%. The survival rate did not differ between patients with positive cytology findings and those with negative cytology findings (P=0.081)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Peritoneal washing cytology using samples harvested from two different sites in the abdominal cavity was not able to predict peritoneal recurrence or survival in gastric cancer patients. Further studies will be required to determine whether peritoneal washing cytology during gastric cancer surgery is a meaningful procedure. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is conventional cytology beneficial for predicting peritoneal recurrence after curative surgery for gastric cancer : results of a prospective clinical study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The role of peritoneal washing cytology in determining further treatment strategies after surgery for gastric cancer remains unclear. One reason for this is the fact that optimal procedures to increase the accuracy of predicting peritoneal metastasis have not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cytology using samples harvested from two different abdominal cavity sites during gastric cancer surgery.', 'We prospectively recruited 108 patients who were clinically diagnosed with locally advanced gastric cancer (higher than cT1 stage disease). Peritoneal washing fluids were collected from the pouch of Douglas and the subphrenic area. Patients were prospectively followed up for 2 years to determine the recurrence and survival rates.', 'Thirty-three patients dropped out of the study for various reasons, so 75 patients were included in the final analysis. Seven patients (9.3%) showed positive cytology findings, of whom, three showed peritoneal recurrence. Tumor size was the only factor associated with positive cytology findings (P=0.037). The accuracy and specificity of cytology for predicting peritoneal recurrence were 90.1% and 94.2%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity was 50.0%. The survival rate did not differ between patients with positive cytology findings and those with negative cytology findings (P=0.081).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
24,752,976 | Does toll-like receptor 2/4 heterodimer mediate inflammatory injury in intracerebral hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"Inflammatory injury plays a critical role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury. However, the upstream events that initiate inflammatory responses following ICH remain elusive. Our previous studies suggested that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may be the upstream signal that triggers inflammatory injury in ICH. In addition, recent clinical findings indicated that both TLR2 and TLR4 may participate in ICH-induced brain injury. However, it is unclear how TLR2 functions in ICH-induced inflammatory injury and how TLR2 interacts with TLR4.",
"The role of TLR2 and TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization in ICH-induced inflammatory injury was investigated in both in vivo and in vitro models of ICH.",
"TLR2 mediated ICH-induced inflammatory injury, which forms a heterodimer with TLR4 in both in vivo and in vitro models of ICH. Hemoglobin (Hb), but not other blood components, triggered inflammatory injury in ICH via assembly of TLR2/TLR4 heterodimers. MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88), but not TRIF (Toll/IR-1 domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon-beta), was required for ICH-induced TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization. Mutation of MyD88 Arg196 abolished the TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Brain Edema",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Cerebral Hemorrhage",
"Cyclooxygenase 2",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Encephalitis",
"HEK293 Cells",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Nerve Tissue Proteins",
"Nervous System Diseases",
"Neuroglia",
"Neurons",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Signal Transduction",
"Toll-Like Receptor 2",
"Toll-Like Receptor 4"
]
} | Our results suggest that a novel TLR2/TLR4 heterodimer induced by Hb initiates inflammatory injury in ICH. Interfering with the assembly of the TLR2/TLR4 heterodimer may be a novel target for developing effective treatment of ICH. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does toll-like receptor 2/4 heterodimer mediate inflammatory injury in intracerebral hemorrhage?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Inflammatory injury plays a critical role in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury. However, the upstream events that initiate inflammatory responses following ICH remain elusive. Our previous studies suggested that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may be the upstream signal that triggers inflammatory injury in ICH. In addition, recent clinical findings indicated that both TLR2 and TLR4 may participate in ICH-induced brain injury. However, it is unclear how TLR2 functions in ICH-induced inflammatory injury and how TLR2 interacts with TLR4.', 'The role of TLR2 and TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization in ICH-induced inflammatory injury was investigated in both in vivo and in vitro models of ICH.', 'TLR2 mediated ICH-induced inflammatory injury, which forms a heterodimer with TLR4 in both in vivo and in vitro models of ICH. Hemoglobin (Hb), but not other blood components, triggered inflammatory injury in ICH via assembly of TLR2/TLR4 heterodimers. MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88), but not TRIF (Toll/IR-1 domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon-beta), was required for ICH-induced TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization. Mutation of MyD88 Arg196 abolished the TLR2/TLR4 heterodimerization.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Brain Edema', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Cyclooxygenase 2', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Encephalitis', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Neuroglia', 'Neurons', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Signal Transduction', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,774,171 | Are bacteriocin-encoding genes and ExPEC virulence determinants associated in human fecal Escherichia coli strains? | {
"contexts": [
"A set of 1181 E. coli strains of human fecal origin isolated in the South Moravia region of the Czech Republic was collected during the years 2007-2010. Altogether, 17 virulence determinants and 31 bacteriocin-encoding genes were tested in each of them.",
"The occurrence of bacteriocin-encoding genes was found to be positively correlated with the occurrence of E. coli virulence factors. Based on the presence of virulence factors and their combinations, E. coli strains were classified as non-pathogenic E. coli (n = 399), diarrhea-associated E. coli (n = 179) and ExPEC strains (n = 603). Non-pathogenic and diarrhea-associated E. coli strains had a low frequency of bacteriocinogeny (32.6% and 36.9%, respectively). ExPEC strains encoding S-fimbriae (sfa), P-fimbriae (pap) and having genes for aerobactin biosynthesis (aer, iucC), α-hemolysis (α-hly) and cytotoxic necrosis factor (cnf1) were often bacteriocinogenic (73.8%), had a high prevalence of bacteriocin multi-producers and showed a higher frequency of genes encoding microcins H47, M, V, B17 and colicins E1, Ia and S4."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bacteriocins",
"Czech Republic",
"DNA, Bacterial",
"Escherichia coli",
"Feces",
"Female",
"Genes, Bacterial",
"Genotype",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Molecular Sequence Data",
"Sequence Analysis, DNA",
"Virulence Factors"
]
} | The occurrence of bacteriocin-encoding genes and ExPEC virulence determinants correlate positively in E. coli strains of human fecal origin. Bacteriocin synthesis appears to modulate the ability of E. coli strains to reside in the human intestine and/or the virulence of the corresponding strains. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are bacteriocin-encoding genes and ExPEC virulence determinants associated in human fecal Escherichia coli strains?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A set of 1181 E. coli strains of human fecal origin isolated in the South Moravia region of the Czech Republic was collected during the years 2007-2010. Altogether, 17 virulence determinants and 31 bacteriocin-encoding genes were tested in each of them.', 'The occurrence of bacteriocin-encoding genes was found to be positively correlated with the occurrence of E. coli virulence factors. Based on the presence of virulence factors and their combinations, E. coli strains were classified as non-pathogenic E. coli (n\\u2009=\\u2009399), diarrhea-associated E. coli (n\\u2009=\\u2009179) and ExPEC strains (n\\u2009=\\u2009603). Non-pathogenic and diarrhea-associated E. coli strains had a low frequency of bacteriocinogeny (32.6% and 36.9%, respectively). ExPEC strains encoding S-fimbriae (sfa), P-fimbriae (pap) and having genes for aerobactin biosynthesis (aer, iucC), α-hemolysis (α-hly) and cytotoxic necrosis factor (cnf1) were often bacteriocinogenic (73.8%), had a high prevalence of bacteriocin multi-producers and showed a higher frequency of genes encoding microcins H47, M, V, B17 and colicins E1, Ia and S4.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bacteriocins', 'Czech Republic', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Escherichia coli', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Genes, Bacterial', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Virulence Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,755,398 | Do momentary negative moods and being with friends precede cigarette use among Korean American emerging adults? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to determine contextual antecedents to smoking among Korean American emerging adult (KAEA) smokers using ecological momentary assessment. Based on extant theory and data documenting the importance of negative affect (NA) and social context, we examined the extent to which being with friends and NA independently and concomitantly were associated with the likelihood of subsequent smoking, over and beyond other known situational correlates of smoking.",
"Twenty-two KAEA daily smokers recorded their smoking events in real time and participated in short surveys implemented on mobile phones for 7 days. Individual, interpersonal, and situational contexts immediately preceding and during smoking events were examined in comparison to nonsmoking events using a within-subject modeling approach.",
"Both NA and being with friends independently were correlated with increased likelihood of smoking. We also found an interaction showing that the effects of NA on smoking were significant only in presence of friends."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Affect",
"Asian Americans",
"Data Collection",
"Female",
"Friends",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Peer Group",
"Smoking",
"Social Environment",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Unlike more established smokers, these younger smokers may be strongly influenced by peer contexts as well as unpleasant affect. The interaction between social contexts and NA highlights a potential window for intervention for the population of KAEA smokers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do momentary negative moods and being with friends precede cigarette use among Korean American emerging adults?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective of this study was to determine contextual antecedents to smoking among Korean American emerging adult (KAEA) smokers using ecological momentary assessment. Based on extant theory and data documenting the importance of negative affect (NA) and social context, we examined the extent to which being with friends and NA independently and concomitantly were associated with the likelihood of subsequent smoking, over and beyond other known situational correlates of smoking.', 'Twenty-two KAEA daily smokers recorded their smoking events in real time and participated in short surveys implemented on mobile phones for 7 days. Individual, interpersonal, and situational contexts immediately preceding and during smoking events were examined in comparison to nonsmoking events using a within-subject modeling approach.', 'Both NA and being with friends independently were correlated with increased likelihood of smoking. We also found an interaction showing that the effects of NA on smoking were significant only in presence of friends.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Affect', 'Asian Americans', 'Data Collection', 'Female', 'Friends', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Peer Group', 'Smoking', 'Social Environment', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,769,814 | Is red cell distribution width increased in patients with ascending aortic dilatation? | {
"contexts": [
"The prognostic importance of red cell distribution width (RDW) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in cardiovascular diseases has been shown. Ascending aortic dilatation (AAD) is a common cardiovascular disease and is associated with aortic wall inflammation and cystic degeneration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of RDW, NLR and the presence of AAD.",
"Two-hundred consecutive patients with AAD diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography were prospectively recruited and were compared to 170 age-gender- matched subjects with normal aortic diameters. Complete blood counts (CBCs) were analyzed for hemoglobin, RDW and NLR counts, as well as mean corpuscular volume (MCV). If possible, results of CBC tests within the previous two years were also included and the averages were used.",
"RDW [median 13.9, interquartile range (IQR) 1.40 vs. median 13.3, IQR 1.05%, p=0.01], NLR (median 2.04, IQR 1.09 vs. median 1.78, IQR 0.90, p=0.01) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (median 0.60, IQR 0.80 vs. median 0.44, IQR 0.68 mg/L, p=0.01) levels were significantly higher in the AAD group compared to the control group. In univariate correlation analysis, ascending aortic diameters were correlated with RDW levels (r=0.31, p=0.01), NLR levels (r=0.15, p=0.01) and hs-CRP levels (r=0.12, p=0.03). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased levels of RDW and hs-CRP remained as the independent correlates of AAD in the study population. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that a RDW measurement higher than >13.8% predicted AAD with a sensitivity of 49.5% and a specificity of 82.8% (area under the curve [AUC] 0.681, p=0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aorta",
"Aortic Aneurysm",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Erythrocyte Indices",
"Erythrocytes",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prospective Studies"
]
} | In patients with AAD, RDW and hs-CRP levels are increased, which may indicate the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of AAD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is red cell distribution width increased in patients with ascending aortic dilatation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The prognostic importance of red cell distribution width (RDW) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in cardiovascular diseases has been shown. Ascending aortic dilatation (AAD) is a common cardiovascular disease and is associated with aortic wall inflammation and cystic degeneration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum levels of RDW, NLR and the presence of AAD.', 'Two-hundred consecutive patients with AAD diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography were prospectively recruited and were compared to 170 age-gender- matched subjects with normal aortic diameters. Complete blood counts (CBCs) were analyzed for hemoglobin, RDW and NLR counts, as well as mean corpuscular volume (MCV). If possible, results of CBC tests within the previous two years were also included and the averages were used.', 'RDW [median 13.9, interquartile range (IQR) 1.40 vs. median 13.3, IQR 1.05%, p=0.01], NLR (median 2.04, IQR 1.09 vs. median 1.78, IQR 0.90, p=0.01) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (median 0.60, IQR 0.80 vs. median 0.44, IQR 0.68 mg/L, p=0.01) levels were significantly higher in the AAD group compared to the control group. In univariate correlation analysis, ascending aortic diameters were correlated with RDW levels (r=0.31, p=0.01), NLR levels (r=0.15, p=0.01) and hs-CRP levels (r=0.12, p=0.03). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, increased levels of RDW and hs-CRP remained as the independent correlates of AAD in the study population. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that a RDW measurement higher than >13.8% predicted AAD with a sensitivity of 49.5% and a specificity of 82.8% (area under the curve [AUC] 0.681, p=0.01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aorta', 'Aortic Aneurysm', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Erythrocyte Indices', 'Erythrocytes', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,763,172 | Does weak evidence support the short-term benefits of orthopaedic treatment for Class III malocclusion in children? | {
"contexts": [
"Data sources The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline and Embase.",
"Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of orthodontic treatment to correct prominent lower front teeth were included.",
"Study screening, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were carried out independently by two reviewers. The mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for continuous data. Meta-analysis was undertaken when studies of similar comparisons reported comparable outcome measures. A fixed-effect model was used. The l(2) statistic was used as a measure of statistical heterogeneity.",
"Seven RCTs (339 patients) were included in this review. One study was assessed as at low risk of bias, three at high risk of bias and three at unclear risk. Four studies reported on the use of a facemask, two on the chin cup, one on the tandem traction bow appliance and one on mandibular headgear.One study reported on both the chin cup and mandibular headgear appliances. One study (n = 73, low quality evidence), comparing a facemask to no treatment, reported a mean difference (MD) in overjet of 4.10 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.04 to 5.16; P value < 0.0001) favouring the facemask treatment.Three studies (n = 155, low quality evidence) reported ANB differences immediately after treatment with a facemask when compared to an untreated control. The pooled data showed a statistically significant MD in ANB in favour of the facemask of 3.93° (95% CI 3.46 to 4.39; P value < 0.0001). There was significant heterogeneity between these studies (I2 = 82%). This is likely to have been caused by the different populations studied and the different ages at the time of treatment.One study (n = 73, low quality evidence) reported outcomes of the use of the facemask compared to an untreated control at three years follow-up. This study showed that improvements in overjet and ANB were still present three years post-treatment. In this study, adverse effects were reported, but due to the low prevalence of temporomandibular (TMJ) signs and symptoms no analysis was undertaken.Two studies (n = 90, low quality evidence) compared the chin cup with an untreated control. Both studies found a statistically significant improvement in ANB, and one study also found an improvement in the Wits appraisal. Data from these two studies were not suitable for pooling.A single study of the tandem traction bow appliance compared to untreated control (n = 30, very low quality evidence) showed a statistically significant difference in both overjet and ANB favouring the intervention group. The remaining two studies did not report the primary outcome of this review."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | There is some evidence that the use of a facemask to correct prominent lower front teeth in children is effective when compared to no treatment on a short-term basis. However, in view of the general poor quality of the included studies, these results should be viewed with caution. Further randomised controlled trials with long follow-up are required. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does weak evidence support the short-term benefits of orthopaedic treatment for Class III malocclusion in children?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Data sources The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline and Embase.\", 'Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of orthodontic treatment to correct prominent lower front teeth were included.', 'Study screening, risk of bias assessment and data extraction were carried out independently by two reviewers. The mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for continuous data. Meta-analysis was undertaken when studies of similar comparisons reported comparable outcome measures. A fixed-effect model was used. The l(2) statistic was used as a measure of statistical heterogeneity.', 'Seven RCTs (339 patients) were included in this review. One study was assessed as at low risk of bias, three at high risk of bias and three at unclear risk. Four studies reported on the use of a facemask, two on the chin cup, one on the tandem traction bow appliance and one on mandibular headgear.One study reported on both the chin cup and mandibular headgear appliances. One study (n = 73, low quality evidence), comparing a facemask to no treatment, reported a mean difference (MD) in overjet of 4.10 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.04 to 5.16; P value < 0.0001) favouring the facemask treatment.Three studies (n = 155, low quality evidence) reported ANB differences immediately after treatment with a facemask when compared to an untreated control. The pooled data showed a statistically significant MD in ANB in favour of the facemask of 3.93° (95% CI 3.46 to 4.39; P value < 0.0001). There was significant heterogeneity between these studies (I2 = 82%). This is likely to have been caused by the different populations studied and the different ages at the time of treatment.One study (n = 73, low quality evidence) reported outcomes of the use of the facemask compared to an untreated control at three years follow-up. This study showed that improvements in overjet and ANB were still present three years post-treatment. In this study, adverse effects were reported, but due to the low prevalence of temporomandibular (TMJ) signs and symptoms no analysis was undertaken.Two studies (n = 90, low quality evidence) compared the chin cup with an untreated control. Both studies found a statistically significant improvement in ANB, and one study also found an improvement in the Wits appraisal. Data from these two studies were not suitable for pooling.A single study of the tandem traction bow appliance compared to untreated control (n = 30, very low quality evidence) showed a statistically significant difference in both overjet and ANB favouring the intervention group. The remaining two studies did not report the primary outcome of this review.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,763,175 | Do radiotherapy associated with higher rates of dental implant loss? | {
"contexts": [
"Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, Medline via PubMed and EMBASE; no restrictions on language, published before February 1st 2013.",
"Observational studies reporting outcomes from irradiated and non-irradiated patients were eligible for inclusion as were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) assessing irradiated patients submitted to different implant-based treatment protocols.",
"Screening of titles, abstracts and full texts was by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved through discussion, consensus, or failing this by consultation with a third reviewer. Data extraction was in duplicate and attempts were made to contact authors for missing data. Risk of bias was assessed using adapted versions of the Cochrane Collaboration's tool (for RCTs and CCTs) and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies.",
"Fifteen trials with 10,150 implants were included with 1,689 (14.3%) placed in irradiated mouths. There were 13 case series and two RCTs. three of the studies were on hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. Neither of the RCTs was rated as low risk of bias. Mean survival rates ranged from 46.3% to 98% with pooled estimates showing that implant failure was statistically significantly higher in irradiated patients compared to patients who had not undergone radiotherapy (an increase of 174%) with a risk ratio of 2.74 (95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.86, 4.05; p<0.00001). In maxillary sites, the risk ratio was 5.96 (95% CI:2.71, 13.12;p<0.00001) with the risk of loss increasing to 496%. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy did not reduce the risk of implant failure showing a risk ratio of 1.28 (95% CI:0.19, 8.82)."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Irradiation of the head was linked to increased failure rate of implants compared to failure rates in patients who had not undergone radiotherapy. The failure rate was higher in the maxilla and HBO therapy did not improve implant survival. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do radiotherapy associated with higher rates of dental implant loss?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, Medline via PubMed and EMBASE; no restrictions on language, published before February 1st 2013.\", 'Observational studies reporting outcomes from irradiated and non-irradiated patients were eligible for inclusion as were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) assessing irradiated patients submitted to different implant-based treatment protocols.', \"Screening of titles, abstracts and full texts was by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved through discussion, consensus, or failing this by consultation with a third reviewer. Data extraction was in duplicate and attempts were made to contact authors for missing data. Risk of bias was assessed using adapted versions of the Cochrane Collaboration's tool (for RCTs and CCTs) and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies.\", 'Fifteen trials with 10,150 implants were included with 1,689 (14.3%) placed in irradiated mouths. There were 13 case series and two RCTs. three of the studies were on hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. Neither of the RCTs was rated as low risk of bias. Mean survival rates ranged from 46.3% to 98% with pooled estimates showing that implant failure was statistically significantly higher in irradiated patients compared to patients who had not undergone radiotherapy (an increase of 174%) with a risk ratio of 2.74 (95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.86, 4.05; p<0.00001). In maxillary sites, the risk ratio was 5.96 (95% CI:2.71, 13.12;p<0.00001) with the risk of loss increasing to 496%. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy did not reduce the risk of implant failure showing a risk ratio of 1.28 (95% CI:0.19, 8.82).'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,776,940 | Do effectiveness of disinfection therapies and promotion of osteoblast growth on osseotite and nanotite implant surfaces? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effectiveness of 4 procedures to disinfect implant surfaces intentionally inoculated with bacteria and afterward to evaluate osteoblast viability to the disinfected implant surfaces.",
"Eighty-eight commercially pure Osseotite and Nanotite titanium implant discs were inoculated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. The implant surfaces were disinfected with EDTA, tetracycline, citric acid, or neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. The implant discs were then placed in cultures of osteoblast cells.",
"Osseotite implant discs were easier to disinfect compared with the Nanotite implant discs. Citric acid and tetracycline were the most effective solutions for the disinfection of P. gingivalis from the Osseotite implant discs."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cell Division",
"Cell Line",
"Dental Implants",
"Disinfection",
"Humans",
"Nanotechnology",
"Osteoblasts",
"Porphyromonas gingivalis",
"Surface Properties"
]
} | The Nanotite implant discs were the most difficult to disinfect, likely because of their chemical and physical properties. Citric acid and tetracycline were most effective for disinfecting the Osseotite implant discs, and further clinical research is needed to verify these effects in vivo. The Nd:YAG laser was the weakest disinfection method, and it is not recommended for disinfecting implant surfaces until its effectiveness is improved. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do effectiveness of disinfection therapies and promotion of osteoblast growth on osseotite and nanotite implant surfaces?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the effectiveness of 4 procedures to disinfect implant surfaces intentionally inoculated with bacteria and afterward to evaluate osteoblast viability to the disinfected implant surfaces.', 'Eighty-eight commercially pure Osseotite and Nanotite titanium implant discs were inoculated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. The implant surfaces were disinfected with EDTA, tetracycline, citric acid, or neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. The implant discs were then placed in cultures of osteoblast cells.', 'Osseotite implant discs were easier to disinfect compared with the Nanotite implant discs. Citric acid and tetracycline were the most effective solutions for the disinfection of P. gingivalis from the Osseotite implant discs.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Dental Implants', 'Disinfection', 'Humans', 'Nanotechnology', 'Osteoblasts', 'Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'Surface Properties']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,761,684 | Is modified sequential Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy using high dose omeprazole and amoxicillin in the initial phase in the extensive metaboliser Turkish patients for CYP2C19 polymorphism ineffective? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether the sequential therapy composed of high dose omeprazole and high dose amoxicillin in the first step was effective in eradication of H. pylori and whether there was a relation between effectiveness of the therapy and CYP2C19 gene polymorphism.",
"134 dyspeptic patients with H. pylori were administered a modified sequential therapy composed of omeprazole 40 mg t.i.d. and amoxicillin 1000 mg t.i.d, for the first five days followed by omeprazole 20 mg b.d., metronidazole 500 mg t.i.d. and tetracycline 500 mg t.i.d, for the next five days. CYP2C19 genotype status was determined in patients. Hp eradication status was investigated by C14 UNT four weeks after treatment.",
"The eradication rates were 64.9% in ITT and 74.3% in PP analysis. In subgroup analyses, eradication rates were 73.8% and 60.8% (p: 0.145) in ITT for peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia patients respectively and 86.1% and 69.1% (p: 0.052) in PP analysis for peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia patients respectively. The difference was not significant. As for the CYP2C19 gene status, 81.5% of the patients had HoEM and 17.3% of the patients had HeEM, and eradication rates were 72% and 75% in ITT analysis for HoEM and HeEM respectively (p: 0.803) and 73.9% and 85.7% in PP analysis for HoEM and HeEM respectively (p: 0.347). There was not a significant difference in H. pylori eradication rates between the two groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Amoxicillin",
"Anti-Bacterial Agents",
"Anti-Ulcer Agents",
"Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases",
"Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19",
"Dyspepsia",
"Female",
"Helicobacter Infections",
"Helicobacter pylori",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Omeprazole",
"Polymorphism, Genetic",
"Treatment Failure",
"Turkey"
]
} | This modified high-dose sequential therapy was ineffective in a Turkish sample, nearly all of whom had EM in terms of CYP2C19 gene status. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is modified sequential Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy using high dose omeprazole and amoxicillin in the initial phase in the extensive metaboliser Turkish patients for CYP2C19 polymorphism ineffective?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate whether the sequential therapy composed of high dose omeprazole and high dose amoxicillin in the first step was effective in eradication of H. pylori and whether there was a relation between effectiveness of the therapy and CYP2C19 gene polymorphism.', '134 dyspeptic patients with H. pylori were administered a modified sequential therapy composed of omeprazole 40 mg t.i.d. and amoxicillin 1000 mg t.i.d, for the first five days followed by omeprazole 20 mg b.d., metronidazole 500 mg t.i.d. and tetracycline 500 mg t.i.d, for the next five days. CYP2C19 genotype status was determined in patients. Hp eradication status was investigated by C14 UNT four weeks after treatment.', 'The eradication rates were 64.9% in ITT and 74.3% in PP analysis. In subgroup analyses, eradication rates were 73.8% and 60.8% (p: 0.145) in ITT for peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia patients respectively and 86.1% and 69.1% (p: 0.052) in PP analysis for peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia patients respectively. The difference was not significant. As for the CYP2C19 gene status, 81.5% of the patients had HoEM and 17.3% of the patients had HeEM, and eradication rates were 72% and 75% in ITT analysis for HoEM and HeEM respectively (p: 0.803) and 73.9% and 85.7% in PP analysis for HoEM and HeEM respectively (p: 0.347). There was not a significant difference in H. pylori eradication rates between the two groups.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Amoxicillin', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Anti-Ulcer Agents', 'Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases', 'Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19', 'Dyspepsia', 'Female', 'Helicobacter Infections', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Omeprazole', 'Polymorphism, Genetic', 'Treatment Failure', 'Turkey']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,772,074 | Do residual neural processing of musical sound features in adult cochlear implant users? | {
"contexts": [
"Auditory processing in general and music perception in particular are hampered in adult cochlear implant (CI) users. To examine the residual music perception skills and their underlying neural correlates in CI users implanted in adolescence or adulthood, we conducted an electrophysiological and behavioral study comparing adult CI users with normal-hearing age-matched controls (NH controls). We used a newly developed musical multi-feature paradigm, which makes it possible to test automatic auditory discrimination of six different types of sound feature changes inserted within a musical enriched setting lasting only 20 min. The presentation of stimuli did not require the participants' attention, allowing the study of the early automatic stage of feature processing in the auditory cortex. For the CI users, we obtained mismatch negativity (MMN) brain responses to five feature changes but not to changes of rhythm, whereas we obtained MMNs for all the feature changes in the NH controls. Furthermore, the MMNs to deviants of pitch of CI users were reduced in amplitude and later than those of NH controls for changes of pitch and guitar timber. No other group differences in MMN parameters were found to changes in intensity and saxophone timber. Furthermore, the MMNs in CI users reflected the behavioral scores from a respective discrimination task and were correlated with patients' age and speech intelligibility. Our results suggest that even though CI users are not performing at the same level as NH controls in neural discrimination of pitch-based features, they do possess potential neural abilities for music processing. However, CI users showed a disrupted ability to automatically discriminate rhythmic changes compared with controls. The current behavioral and MMN findings highlight the residual neural skills for music processing even in CI users who have been implanted in adolescence or adulthood."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": []
} | -Automatic brain responses to musical feature changes reflect the limitations of central auditory processing in adult Cochlear Implant users.-The brains of adult CI users automatically process sound features changes even when inserted in a musical context.-CI users show disrupted automatic discriminatory abilities for rhythm in the brain.-Our fast paradigm demonstrate residual musical abilities in the brains of adult CI users giving hope for their future rehabilitation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do residual neural processing of musical sound features in adult cochlear implant users?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Auditory processing in general and music perception in particular are hampered in adult cochlear implant (CI) users. To examine the residual music perception skills and their underlying neural correlates in CI users implanted in adolescence or adulthood, we conducted an electrophysiological and behavioral study comparing adult CI users with normal-hearing age-matched controls (NH controls). We used a newly developed musical multi-feature paradigm, which makes it possible to test automatic auditory discrimination of six different types of sound feature changes inserted within a musical enriched setting lasting only 20\\u2009min. The presentation of stimuli did not require the participants' attention, allowing the study of the early automatic stage of feature processing in the auditory cortex. For the CI users, we obtained mismatch negativity (MMN) brain responses to five feature changes but not to changes of rhythm, whereas we obtained MMNs for all the feature changes in the NH controls. Furthermore, the MMNs to deviants of pitch of CI users were reduced in amplitude and later than those of NH controls for changes of pitch and guitar timber. No other group differences in MMN parameters were found to changes in intensity and saxophone timber. Furthermore, the MMNs in CI users reflected the behavioral scores from a respective discrimination task and were correlated with patients' age and speech intelligibility. Our results suggest that even though CI users are not performing at the same level as NH controls in neural discrimination of pitch-based features, they do possess potential neural abilities for music processing. However, CI users showed a disrupted ability to automatically discriminate rhythmic changes compared with controls. The current behavioral and MMN findings highlight the residual neural skills for music processing even in CI users who have been implanted in adolescence or adulthood.\"], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,771,567 | Does ultraviolet B light attenuate the systemic immune response in central nervous system autoimmunity? | {
"contexts": [
"Environmental conditions (eg, latitude) play a critical role in the susceptibility and severity of many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of immune regulatory processes induced in the skin by moderate ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity.",
"Effects of UVB light were analyzed in a murine model of CNS autoimmunity (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis). Additionally, patients with relapsing-remitting MS were treated with narrowband UVB phototherapy. Immunomodulatory effects were examined in skin biopsies, serum samples, and immune cells of the peripheral blood.",
"Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are induced locally in the skin-draining lymph nodes in response to UVB exposure, connect the cutaneous immune response to CNS immunity by migration to the sites of inflammation (blood, spleen, CNS). Here, they attenuate the inflammatory response and ameliorate disease symptoms. Treg-inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) were further necessary for induction of this systemic immune regulation by UVB radiation, because ablation of Langerhans cells abolished the UVB-induced phenotype. MS patients treated with UVB phototherapy showed an increase in induced Tregs and tolerogenic DCs accompanied by the downregulation of the T-cell effector cytokine interleukin 21. The treatment further induced elevated serum levels of vitamin D."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Animals",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Dendritic Cells",
"Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunity, Cellular",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Congenic",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Middle Aged",
"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting",
"T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory",
"Ultraviolet Rays",
"Ultraviolet Therapy",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Local UVB radiation of the skin influences systemic immune reactions and attenuates systemic autoimmunity via the induction of skin-derived tolerogenic DCs and Tregs. Our data could have implications for the understanding or therapeutic modulation of environmental factors that influence immune tolerance. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ultraviolet B light attenuate the systemic immune response in central nervous system autoimmunity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Environmental conditions (eg, latitude) play a critical role in the susceptibility and severity of many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of immune regulatory processes induced in the skin by moderate ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity.', 'Effects of UVB light were analyzed in a murine model of CNS autoimmunity (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis). Additionally, patients with relapsing-remitting MS were treated with narrowband UVB phototherapy. Immunomodulatory effects were examined in skin biopsies, serum samples, and immune cells of the peripheral blood.', 'Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are induced locally in the skin-draining lymph nodes in response to UVB exposure, connect the cutaneous immune response to CNS immunity by migration to the sites of inflammation (blood, spleen, CNS). Here, they attenuate the inflammatory response and ameliorate disease symptoms. Treg-inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) were further necessary for induction of this systemic immune regulation by UVB radiation, because ablation of Langerhans cells abolished the UVB-induced phenotype. MS patients treated with UVB phototherapy showed an increase in induced Tregs and tolerogenic DCs accompanied by the downregulation of the T-cell effector cytokine interleukin 21. The treatment further induced elevated serum levels of vitamin D.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Animals', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunity, Cellular', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Congenic', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting', 'T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Ultraviolet Therapy', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,768,608 | Is the mechanical fibrillation pattern of the atrial myocardium associated with acute and long-term success of electrical cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation? | {
"contexts": [
"Electrophysiological studies demonstrate that a short atrial fibrillation cycle length (AFCL) is related with poor outcome of electrical cardioversion (ECV) of atrial fibrillation (AF). We found previously that the mechanical AFCL (AFCL-tvi) and atrial fibrillatory velocity (AFV-tvi) may be determined noninvasively using color tissue velocity imaging (TVI) and closely relates to the electrophysiological AFCL.",
"To evaluate the relation between AFCL-tvi, AFV-tvi, and success of ECV in patients with AF.",
"We prospectively studied 133 patients with persistent AF by performing echocardiography before ECV and measured the AFCL-tvi and AFV-tvi in the right atrium and left atrium. Recurrent AF was monitored.",
"Nineteen (14%) patients had failure of ECV, 42 (32%) remained in sinus rhythm after 1-year follow-up, and 72 (54%) had a recurrence of persistent AF. Patients with immediate ECV failure had a lower median AFV-tvi measured in the right atrium than did patients with a successful ECV: 0.7 cm/s (0.2-1.0 cm/s) vs. 1.7 cm/s (0.9-2.8 cm/s) (P = .008). Patients with maintenance of sinus rhythm after 1 year had a longer AFCL-tvi measured in the left atrium than did patients with recurrence of AF (150 ms vs 137 ms; P = .017) and had a higher AFV-tvi in both atria (1.4 vs. 0.9 cm/s in the left atrium; P = .013 and 2.2 vs 1.4 cm/s in the right atrium; P = .011). Multivariate analyses showed that all atrial TVI parameters were independently associated with the maintenance of sinus rhythm after 1 year."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Atrial Fibrillation",
"Echocardiography",
"Electric Countershock",
"Electrocardiography",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Heart Atria",
"Heart Conduction System",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Higher atrial fibrillatory wall velocities and longer AFCLs determined by echocardiography are associated with acute and long-term success of ECV. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the mechanical fibrillation pattern of the atrial myocardium associated with acute and long-term success of electrical cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Electrophysiological studies demonstrate that a short atrial fibrillation cycle length (AFCL) is related with poor outcome of electrical cardioversion (ECV) of atrial fibrillation (AF). We found previously that the mechanical AFCL (AFCL-tvi) and atrial fibrillatory velocity (AFV-tvi) may be determined noninvasively using color tissue velocity imaging (TVI) and closely relates to the electrophysiological AFCL.', 'To evaluate the relation between AFCL-tvi, AFV-tvi, and success of ECV in patients with AF.', 'We prospectively studied 133 patients with persistent AF by performing echocardiography before ECV and measured the AFCL-tvi and AFV-tvi in the right atrium and left atrium. Recurrent AF was monitored.', 'Nineteen (14%) patients had failure of ECV, 42 (32%) remained in sinus rhythm after 1-year follow-up, and 72 (54%) had a recurrence of persistent AF. Patients with immediate ECV failure had a lower median AFV-tvi measured in the right atrium than did patients with a successful ECV: 0.7 cm/s (0.2-1.0 cm/s) vs. 1.7 cm/s (0.9-2.8 cm/s) (P = .008). Patients with maintenance of sinus rhythm after 1 year had a longer AFCL-tvi measured in the left atrium than did patients with recurrence of AF (150 ms vs 137 ms; P = .017) and had a higher AFV-tvi in both atria (1.4 vs. 0.9 cm/s in the left atrium; P = .013 and 2.2 vs 1.4 cm/s in the right atrium; P = .011). Multivariate analyses showed that all atrial TVI parameters were independently associated with the maintenance of sinus rhythm after 1 year.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Atrial Fibrillation', 'Echocardiography', 'Electric Countershock', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Heart Atria', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,747,463 | Do retrospective analysis of facial dog bite injuries at a Level I trauma center in the Denver metro area? | {
"contexts": [
"Facial dog bite injuries pose a significant public health problem.",
"Seventy-five consecutive patients (45 males, 30 females) treated solely by plastic surgery service for facial dog bite injuries at a Level I trauma center in the Denver Metro area between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. The following information were recorded: breed, relationship of patient to dog, location and number of wounds, the duration between injury and surgical repair and dog bite incident, type of repair, and antibiotic prophylaxis. Primary end points measured were wound infection, the need for revision surgery, and patient satisfaction.",
"Ninety-eight wounds in the head and neck region were repaired (46 children; mean age, 6.8 years) and (29 adults; mean age, 47.3 years). Twelve different breeds were identified. There was no significant association between the type of dog breed and the number of bite injuries. The duration between injury and repair ranged from 4 hours to 72 hours (mean [SD], 13.7 [10.9] hours). The majority of bite wounds (76 of 98) involved the cheek, lip, nose, and chin region. Direct repair was the most common surgical approach (60 of 98 wounds) (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between wounds needing reconstruction versus direct repair according to dog breed (p = 0.25). Ten wounds required grafting. Twenty-five wounds were managed by one-stage or two-stage flaps. Only three patients (3.06 %) underwent replantation/revascularization of amputated partial lip (n = 2) and of cheek (n = 1). There was one postoperative infection. Data from five-point Likert scale were available for fifty-two patients. Forty patients were satisfied (5) with the outcome, while five patients were somewhat satisfied (4), and seven were neutral."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Animals",
"Bites and Stings",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cohort Studies",
"Colorado",
"Dogs",
"Facial Injuries",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Injury Severity Score",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Reconstructive Surgical Procedures",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Sex Factors",
"Surgical Wound Infection",
"Trauma Centers",
"Urban Population",
"Wound Healing",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Availability of the plastic surgery service at a Level I trauma center is vital for the optimal treatment of facial dog bite injuries. Direct repair and reconstruction of facial dog bite injuries at the earliest opportunity resulted in good outcomes as evidenced by the satisfaction survey data and low complication rate. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do retrospective analysis of facial dog bite injuries at a Level I trauma center in the Denver metro area?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Facial dog bite injuries pose a significant public health problem.', 'Seventy-five consecutive patients (45 males, 30 females) treated solely by plastic surgery service for facial dog bite injuries at a Level I trauma center in the Denver Metro area between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. The following information were recorded: breed, relationship of patient to dog, location and number of wounds, the duration between injury and surgical repair and dog bite incident, type of repair, and antibiotic prophylaxis. Primary end points measured were wound infection, the need for revision surgery, and patient satisfaction.', 'Ninety-eight wounds in the head and neck region were repaired (46 children; mean age, 6.8 years) and (29 adults; mean age, 47.3 years). Twelve different breeds were identified. There was no significant association between the type of dog breed and the number of bite injuries. The duration between injury and repair ranged from 4 hours to 72 hours (mean [SD], 13.7 [10.9] hours). The majority of bite wounds (76 of 98) involved the cheek, lip, nose, and chin region. Direct repair was the most common surgical approach (60 of 98 wounds) (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between wounds needing reconstruction versus direct repair according to dog breed (p = 0.25). Ten wounds required grafting. Twenty-five wounds were managed by one-stage or two-stage flaps. Only three patients (3.06 %) underwent replantation/revascularization of amputated partial lip (n = 2) and of cheek (n = 1). There was one postoperative infection. Data from five-point Likert scale were available for fifty-two patients. Forty patients were satisfied (5) with the outcome, while five patients were somewhat satisfied (4), and seven were neutral.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Animals', 'Bites and Stings', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colorado', 'Dogs', 'Facial Injuries', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reconstructive Surgical Procedures', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Sex Factors', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Trauma Centers', 'Urban Population', 'Wound Healing', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,747,464 | Does levothyroxine therapy before brain death declaration increase the number of solid organ donations? | {
"contexts": [
"Protocols call for the start of hormonal therapy with levothyroxine after the declaration of brain death. As the hormonal perturbations occur during the process of brain death, the role of the early initiation of levothyroxine therapy (LT) to salvage organs is not well defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of early LT (before the declaration of brain death) on the number of solid organs procured per donor.",
"We performed an 8-year retrospective analysis of all trauma patients who progressed to brain death. Patients who consented for organ donation, received LT, and donated solid organs were included. Patients were dichotomized into two groups: early LT group, patients who received LT before the declaration of brain death, and late LT group, those who received LT after brain death. The two groups were compared for differences in demographics, clinical characteristics, need for vasopressor, and number of solid organ donation.",
"A total of 100 solid organ donors were identified of which, 41% (n=77) donors who received LT therapy were included. LT before the declaration of brain death was initiated in 37 patients compared with 40 patients who had it started after the declaration of brain death. There was no difference in demographics between the two groups except that patients in the early LT group were more likely to be hypotensive on presentation (54% vs. 25%, p = 0.001). Early LT therapy was associated with an increase in solid organ procurement rate (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.7; p = 0.01). Sixty-seven patients donated a total of 291 solid organs."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Brain Death",
"Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation",
"Cohort Studies",
"Drug Administration Schedule",
"Female",
"Graft Survival",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Organ Preservation",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Thyroxine",
"Time Factors",
"Tissue Donors",
"Tissue and Organ Procurement",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The early use of LT and aggressive blood product resuscitation was associated with a significantly higher number of solid organs donated per donor. Earlier use of LT before the declaration of brain death may be considered in potential organ donors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does levothyroxine therapy before brain death declaration increase the number of solid organ donations?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Protocols call for the start of hormonal therapy with levothyroxine after the declaration of brain death. As the hormonal perturbations occur during the process of brain death, the role of the early initiation of levothyroxine therapy (LT) to salvage organs is not well defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of early LT (before the declaration of brain death) on the number of solid organs procured per donor.', 'We performed an 8-year retrospective analysis of all trauma patients who progressed to brain death. Patients who consented for organ donation, received LT, and donated solid organs were included. Patients were dichotomized into two groups: early LT group, patients who received LT before the declaration of brain death, and late LT group, those who received LT after brain death. The two groups were compared for differences in demographics, clinical characteristics, need for vasopressor, and number of solid organ donation.', 'A total of 100 solid organ donors were identified of which, 41% (n=77) donors who received LT therapy were included. LT before the declaration of brain death was initiated in 37 patients compared with 40 patients who had it started after the declaration of brain death. There was no difference in demographics between the two groups except that patients in the early LT group were more likely to be hypotensive on presentation (54% vs. 25%, p = 0.001). Early LT therapy was associated with an increase in solid organ procurement rate (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.7; p = 0.01). Sixty-seven patients donated a total of 291 solid organs.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Brain Death', 'Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation', 'Cohort Studies', 'Drug Administration Schedule', 'Female', 'Graft Survival', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Organ Preservation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thyroxine', 'Time Factors', 'Tissue Donors', 'Tissue and Organ Procurement', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,747,465 | Is preinjury ambulatory status associated with 1-year mortality following lateral compression Type I fractures in the geriatric population older than 80 years? | {
"contexts": [
"Lateral compression pelvic Type I fractures in the elderly population are most often low-energy osteoporosis related fractures. Previous literature comparing pelvic fractures in young versus elderly patients called into question the general consideration of these injuries as benign injuries with favorable prognoses; however, the geriatric population older than 80 years is often underrepresented. This article focuses on the mortality and functional outcomes after low-energy pelvic fractures in a population of patients older than 80 years.",
"We prescreened potential subjects in a Level I trauma institution's electronic medical record database between January 1, 2002, and April 30, 2012, to identify isolated lateral compression Type 1 fractures treated nonoperatively in patients older than 80 years. This study was composed of a retrospective review of medical records followed by a prospective survey data collection to examine mechanisms of injury, length of hospital stay, complications, medical comorbidities, ambulatory function, living situation, pain, and 1 year mortality rates.",
"We present a large case series of 85 patients older than 80 years and report a 1-year mortality rate of 20%. We found that patients who were household ambulators or nonfunctional ambulators were five times more likely (24.4% vs. 6.1%) to die within 1 year after injury. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that the risk of 1-year mortality was significantly higher for household-bound patients compared with community ambulators, independent of sex, smoking, Charlson comorbidity index, or length of hospital stay."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activities of Daily Living",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Cause of Death",
"Cohort Studies",
"Databases, Factual",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Fracture Fixation, Internal",
"Fractures, Compression",
"Geriatric Assessment",
"Hip Fractures",
"Humans",
"Logistic Models",
"Male",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Preoperative Period",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Survival Rate",
"Time Factors",
"Trauma Centers",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Walking"
]
} | This is the first study to demonstrate a difference in 1-year mortality between patients who were community ambulators versus those who were household ambulators or nonfunctional ambulators before injury. With our aging population, these findings have important implications. Maintenance of general conditioning and early mobilization with physical therapy after injury is a key part of geriatric orthopedic rehabilitation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is preinjury ambulatory status associated with 1-year mortality following lateral compression Type I fractures in the geriatric population older than 80 years?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Lateral compression pelvic Type I fractures in the elderly population are most often low-energy osteoporosis related fractures. Previous literature comparing pelvic fractures in young versus elderly patients called into question the general consideration of these injuries as benign injuries with favorable prognoses; however, the geriatric population older than 80 years is often underrepresented. This article focuses on the mortality and functional outcomes after low-energy pelvic fractures in a population of patients older than 80 years.', \"We prescreened potential subjects in a Level I trauma institution's electronic medical record database between January 1, 2002, and April 30, 2012, to identify isolated lateral compression Type 1 fractures treated nonoperatively in patients older than 80 years. This study was composed of a retrospective review of medical records followed by a prospective survey data collection to examine mechanisms of injury, length of hospital stay, complications, medical comorbidities, ambulatory function, living situation, pain, and 1 year mortality rates.\", 'We present a large case series of 85 patients older than 80 years and report a 1-year mortality rate of 20%. We found that patients who were household ambulators or nonfunctional ambulators were five times more likely (24.4% vs. 6.1%) to die within 1 year after injury. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed that the risk of 1-year mortality was significantly higher for household-bound patients compared with community ambulators, independent of sex, smoking, Charlson comorbidity index, or length of hospital stay.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activities of Daily Living', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cause of Death', 'Cohort Studies', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Fractures, Compression', 'Geriatric Assessment', 'Hip Fractures', 'Humans', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Preoperative Period', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Survival Rate', 'Time Factors', 'Trauma Centers', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Walking']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,755,322 | Is tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy but not standard therapy associated with resolution of erosion in the sacroiliac joints of patients with axial spondyloarthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Radiography is an unreliable and insensitive tool for the assessment of structural lesions in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects a wider spectrum of structural lesions but has undergone minimal validation in prospective studies. The Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) MRI Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) Structural Score (SSS) assesses a spectrum of structural lesions (erosion, fat metaplasia, backfill, ankylosis) and its potential to discriminate between therapies requires evaluation.",
"The SSS score assesses five consecutive coronal slices through the cartilaginous portion of the joint on T1-weighted sequences starting from the transitional slice between cartilaginous and ligamentous portions of the joint. Lesions are scored dichotomously (present/absent) in SIJ quadrants (fat metaplasia, erosion) or halves (backfill, ankylosis). Two readers independently scored 147 pairs (baseline, 2 years) of scans from a prospective cohort of patients with SpA who received either standard (n = 69) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitor (n = 78) therapy. Smallest detectable change (SDC) was calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA), discrimination was assessed using Guyatt's effect size, and treatment group differences were assessed using t-tests and the Mann-Whitney test. We identified baseline demographic and structural damage variables associated with change in SSS score by univariate analysis and analyzed the effect of treatment by multivariate stepwise regression adjusted for severity of baseline structural damage and demographic variables.",
"A significant increase in mean SSS score for fat metaplasia (P = 0.017) and decrease in mean SSS score for erosion (P = 0.017) was noted in anti-TNFα treated patients compared to those on standard therapy. Effect size for this change in SSS fat metaplasia and erosion score was moderate (0.5 and 0.6, respectively). Treatment and baseline SSS score for erosion were independently associated with change in SSS erosion score (β = 1.75, P = 0.003 and β = 0.40, P < 0.0001, respectively). Change in ASDAS (β = -0.46, P = 0.006), SPARCC MRI SIJ inflammation (β = -0.077, P = 0.019), and baseline SSS score for fat metaplasia (β = 0.085, P = 0.034) were independently associated with new fat metaplasia."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antirheumatic Agents",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Sacroiliac Joint",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Spondylarthritis",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | The SPARCC SSS method for assessment of structural lesions has discriminative capacity in demonstrating significantly greater reduction in erosion and new fat metaplasia in patients receiving anti-TNFα therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy but not standard therapy associated with resolution of erosion in the sacroiliac joints of patients with axial spondyloarthritis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Radiography is an unreliable and insensitive tool for the assessment of structural lesions in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects a wider spectrum of structural lesions but has undergone minimal validation in prospective studies. The Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) MRI Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) Structural Score (SSS) assesses a spectrum of structural lesions (erosion, fat metaplasia, backfill, ankylosis) and its potential to discriminate between therapies requires evaluation.', \"The SSS score assesses five consecutive coronal slices through the cartilaginous portion of the joint on T1-weighted sequences starting from the transitional slice between cartilaginous and ligamentous portions of the joint. Lesions are scored dichotomously (present/absent) in SIJ quadrants (fat metaplasia, erosion) or halves (backfill, ankylosis). Two readers independently scored 147 pairs (baseline, 2 years) of scans from a prospective cohort of patients with SpA who received either standard (n\\u2009=\\u200969) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitor (n\\u2009=\\u200978) therapy. Smallest detectable change (SDC) was calculated using analysis of variance (ANOVA), discrimination was assessed using Guyatt's effect size, and treatment group differences were assessed using t-tests and the Mann-Whitney test. We identified baseline demographic and structural damage variables associated with change in SSS score by univariate analysis and analyzed the effect of treatment by multivariate stepwise regression adjusted for severity of baseline structural damage and demographic variables.\", 'A significant increase in mean SSS score for fat metaplasia (P\\u2009=\\u20090.017) and decrease in mean SSS score for erosion (P\\u2009=\\u20090.017) was noted in anti-TNFα treated patients compared to those on standard therapy. Effect size for this change in SSS fat metaplasia and erosion score was moderate (0.5 and 0.6, respectively). Treatment and baseline SSS score for erosion were independently associated with change in SSS erosion score (β\\u2009=\\u20091.75, P\\u2009=\\u20090.003 and β\\u2009=\\u20090.40, P\\u2009<\\u20090.0001, respectively). Change in ASDAS (β\\u2009=\\u2009-0.46, P\\u2009=\\u20090.006), SPARCC MRI SIJ inflammation (β\\u2009=\\u2009-0.077, P\\u2009=\\u20090.019), and baseline SSS score for fat metaplasia (β\\u2009=\\u20090.085, P\\u2009=\\u20090.034) were independently associated with new fat metaplasia.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antirheumatic Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Sacroiliac Joint', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Spondylarthritis', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,767,643 | Is serum cytokeratin-19 fragment ( Cyfra 21-1 ) a prognostic indicator for epithelial ovarian cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytokeratin 19 is significant for indicating cancer cells, and Cyfra 21-1 is a fragment of cytokeratin 19. This retrospective study was designed to define the prognostic value of serum Cyfra 21-1 in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC).",
"Serum Cyfra 21-1 concentration was obtained from 42 patients with EOC prior to treatment. Various prognostic aspects were examined using univariable and multivariable analyses. The standard serum marker cancer antigen 125 was measured simultaneously and compared in this analysis.",
"Serum levels of both Cyfra 21-1 and cancer antigen 125 were associated with positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes and platinum resistance; higher levels of Cyfra 21-1 (3.0 ng/mL as the cut-off) were associated with shorter disease-free survival (16 months vs. 28 months, p = 0.001) and overall survival (29 months vs. 41 months, p = 0.007) than lower levels. Further univariable analysis showed that Cyfra 21-1, poor differentiation, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were related to platinum resistance and mortality. Multivariable analysis indicated retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis and serum Cyfra 21-1 were independent risk factors for both disease-free survival and overall survival."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Antigens, Neoplasm",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"CA-125 Antigen",
"Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kaplan-Meier Estimate",
"Keratin-19",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial",
"Ovarian Neoplasms",
"Platinum Compounds",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | The pretreatment level of serum Cyfra 21-1 had remarkable prognostic significance for EOC, indicating poor survival when it was elevated above 3.0 ng/mL. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is serum cytokeratin-19 fragment ( Cyfra 21-1 ) a prognostic indicator for epithelial ovarian cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cytokeratin 19 is significant for indicating cancer cells, and Cyfra 21-1 is a fragment of cytokeratin 19. This retrospective study was designed to define the prognostic value of serum Cyfra 21-1 in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC).', 'Serum Cyfra 21-1 concentration was obtained from 42 patients with EOC prior to treatment. Various prognostic aspects were examined using univariable and multivariable analyses. The standard serum marker cancer antigen 125 was measured simultaneously and compared in this analysis.', 'Serum levels of both Cyfra 21-1 and cancer antigen 125 were associated with positive retroperitoneal lymph nodes and platinum resistance; higher levels of Cyfra 21-1 (3.0\\xa0ng/mL as the cut-off) were associated with shorter disease-free survival (16 months vs. 28 months, p\\xa0=\\xa00.001) and overall survival (29 months vs. 41 months, p\\xa0=\\xa00.007) than lower levels. Further univariable analysis showed that Cyfra 21-1, poor differentiation, and retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis were related to platinum resistance and mortality. Multivariable analysis indicated retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis and serum Cyfra 21-1 were independent risk factors for both disease-free survival and overall survival.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'CA-125 Antigen', 'Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Keratin-19', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial', 'Ovarian Neoplasms', 'Platinum Compounds', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,769,340 | Is serum acid sphingomyelinase upregulated in chronic hepatitis C infection and non alcoholic fatty liver disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Sphingolipids constitute bioactive molecules with functional implications in homeostasis and pathogenesis of various diseases. However, the role of sphingolipids as possible disease biomarkers in chronic liver disease remains largely unexplored. In the present study we used mass spectrometry and spectrofluorometry methods in order to quantify various sphingolipid metabolites and also assess the activity of an important corresponding regulating enzyme in the serum of 72 healthy volunteers as compared to 69 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and 69 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Our results reveal a significant upregulation of acid sphingomyelinase in the serum of patients with chronic liver disease as compared to healthy individuals (p<0.001). Especially in chronic hepatitis C infection acid sphingomyelinase activity correlated significantly with markers of hepatic injury (r=0.312, p=0.009) and showed a high discriminative power. Accumulation of various (dihydro-) ceramide species was identified in the serum of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (p<0.001) and correlated significantly to cholesterol (r=0.448, p<0.001) but showed a significant accumulation in patients with normal cholesterol values as well (p<0.001). Sphingosine, a further bioactive metabolite, was also upregulated in chronic liver disease (p<0.001). However, no significant correlation to markers of hepatic injury was identified."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Ceramides",
"Fatty Liver",
"Female",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Hepacivirus",
"Hepatitis C, Chronic",
"Humans",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease",
"Signal Transduction",
"Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase",
"Sphingosine"
]
} | Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induce a significant upregulation of serum acid sphingomyelinase which appears as a novel biomarker in chronic hepatopathies. Further studies are required to elucidate the potential of the sphingolipid signaling pathway as putative therapeutic target in chronic liver disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is serum acid sphingomyelinase upregulated in chronic hepatitis C infection and non alcoholic fatty liver disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Sphingolipids constitute bioactive molecules with functional implications in homeostasis and pathogenesis of various diseases. However, the role of sphingolipids as possible disease biomarkers in chronic liver disease remains largely unexplored. In the present study we used mass spectrometry and spectrofluorometry methods in order to quantify various sphingolipid metabolites and also assess the activity of an important corresponding regulating enzyme in the serum of 72 healthy volunteers as compared to 69 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and 69 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Our results reveal a significant upregulation of acid sphingomyelinase in the serum of patients with chronic liver disease as compared to healthy individuals (p<0.001). Especially in chronic hepatitis C infection acid sphingomyelinase activity correlated significantly with markers of hepatic injury (r=0.312, p=0.009) and showed a high discriminative power. Accumulation of various (dihydro-) ceramide species was identified in the serum of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (p<0.001) and correlated significantly to cholesterol (r=0.448, p<0.001) but showed a significant accumulation in patients with normal cholesterol values as well (p<0.001). Sphingosine, a further bioactive metabolite, was also upregulated in chronic liver disease (p<0.001). However, no significant correlation to markers of hepatic injury was identified.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Ceramides', 'Fatty Liver', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Hepacivirus', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Signal Transduction', 'Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase', 'Sphingosine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,773,414 | Do eye movements reveal impaired inhibitory control in adult male fragile X premutation carriers asymptomatic for FXTAS? | {
"contexts": [
"Fragile X premutation carriers (fXPCs) have an expansion of 55-200 CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. Male fXPCs are at risk for developing a neurodegenerative motor disorder (FXTAS) often accompanied by inhibitory control impairments, even in fXPCs without motor symptoms. Inhibitory control impairments might precede, and thus indicate elevated risk for motor impairment associated with FXTAS. We tested whether inhibitory impairments are observable in fXPCs by assessing oculomotor performance.",
"Participants were males aged 18-48 years asymptomatic for FXTAS. FXPCs (n = 21) and healthy age-matched controls (n = 22) performed four oculomotor tasks. In a Fixation task, participants fixated on a central cross and maintained gaze position when a peripheral stimulus appeared. In a Pursuit task, participants maintained gaze on a square moving at constant velocity. In a Prosaccade task, participants fixated on a central cross, then looked at a peripheral stimulus. An Antisaccade task was identical to the Prosaccade task, except participants looked in the direction opposite the stimulus. Inhibitory cost was the difference in saccade latency between the Antisaccade and Prosaccade tasks.",
"Relative to controls, fXPCs had longer saccade latency in the Antisaccade task. In fXPCs, inhibitory cost was positively associated with vermis area in lobules VI-VII."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity",
"Cerebellar Cortex",
"Cognition Disorders",
"Executive Function",
"Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein",
"Fragile X Syndrome",
"Humans",
"Inhibition (Psychology)",
"Linear Models",
"Magnetic Resonance Imaging",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Ocular Motility Disorders",
"Primary Ovarian Insufficiency",
"Psychological Tests",
"Reaction Time",
"Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Antisaccades require inhibitory control to inhibit reflexive eye movements. We found that eye movements are sensitive to impaired inhibitory control in fXPCs asymptomatic for FXTAS. Thus, eye movements may be useful in assessing FXTAS risk or disease progression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do eye movements reveal impaired inhibitory control in adult male fragile X premutation carriers asymptomatic for FXTAS?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fragile X premutation carriers (fXPCs) have an expansion of 55-200 CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene. Male fXPCs are at risk for developing a neurodegenerative motor disorder (FXTAS) often accompanied by inhibitory control impairments, even in fXPCs without motor symptoms. Inhibitory control impairments might precede, and thus indicate elevated risk for motor impairment associated with FXTAS. We tested whether inhibitory impairments are observable in fXPCs by assessing oculomotor performance.', 'Participants were males aged 18-48 years asymptomatic for FXTAS. FXPCs (n = 21) and healthy age-matched controls (n = 22) performed four oculomotor tasks. In a Fixation task, participants fixated on a central cross and maintained gaze position when a peripheral stimulus appeared. In a Pursuit task, participants maintained gaze on a square moving at constant velocity. In a Prosaccade task, participants fixated on a central cross, then looked at a peripheral stimulus. An Antisaccade task was identical to the Prosaccade task, except participants looked in the direction opposite the stimulus. Inhibitory cost was the difference in saccade latency between the Antisaccade and Prosaccade tasks.', 'Relative to controls, fXPCs had longer saccade latency in the Antisaccade task. In fXPCs, inhibitory cost was positively associated with vermis area in lobules VI-VII.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity', 'Cerebellar Cortex', 'Cognition Disorders', 'Executive Function', 'Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein', 'Fragile X Syndrome', 'Humans', 'Inhibition (Psychology)', 'Linear Models', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ocular Motility Disorders', 'Primary Ovarian Insufficiency', 'Psychological Tests', 'Reaction Time', 'Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,777,728 | Does carpal tunnel syndrome impair thumb opposition and circumduction motion? | {
"contexts": [
"Carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with sensory and motor impairments resulting from the compressed and malfunctioning median nerve. The thumb is critical to hand function, yet the pathokinematics of the thumb associated with carpal tunnel syndrome are not well understood.",
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate thumb motion abnormalities associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. We hypothesized that the ranges of translational and angular motion of the thumb would be reduced as a result of carpal tunnel syndrome.",
"Eleven patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and 11 healthy control subjects voluntarily participated in this study. Translational and angular kinematics of the thumb were obtained using marker-based video motion analysis during thumb opposition and circumduction movements.",
"Motion deficits were observed for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome even though maximum pinch strength was similar. The path length, normalized by palm width of the thumb tip for the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome was less than for control participants (opposition: 2.2 palm width [95% CI, 1.8-2.6 palm width] versus 3.1 palm width [95% CI, 2.8-3.4 palm width], p < 0.001; circumduction: 2.2 palm width [95% CI, 1.9-2.5 palm width] versus 2.9 palm width [95% CI, 2.7-3.2 palm width], p < 0.001). Specifically, patients with carpal tunnel syndrome had a deficit of 0.3 palm width (95% CI, 0.04-0.52 palm width; p = 0.022) in the maximum position of their thumb tip ulnarly across the palm during opposition relative to control participants. The angular ROM also was reduced for the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome compared with the control participants in extension/flexion for the metacarpophalangeal (opposition: 34° versus 58°, p = .004; circumduction: 33° versus 58°, p < 0.001) and interphalangeal (opposition: 37° versus 62°, p = .028; circumduction: 41° versus 63°, p = .025) joints."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Biomechanical Phenomena",
"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Median Nerve",
"Middle Aged",
"Range of Motion, Articular",
"Thumb",
"Video Recording"
]
} | Carpal tunnel syndrome disrupts kinematics of the thumb during opposition and circumduction despite normal pinch strength. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does carpal tunnel syndrome impair thumb opposition and circumduction motion?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with sensory and motor impairments resulting from the compressed and malfunctioning median nerve. The thumb is critical to hand function, yet the pathokinematics of the thumb associated with carpal tunnel syndrome are not well understood.', 'The purpose of this study was to evaluate thumb motion abnormalities associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. We hypothesized that the ranges of translational and angular motion of the thumb would be reduced as a result of carpal tunnel syndrome.', 'Eleven patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and 11 healthy control subjects voluntarily participated in this study. Translational and angular kinematics of the thumb were obtained using marker-based video motion analysis during thumb opposition and circumduction movements.', 'Motion deficits were observed for patients with carpal tunnel syndrome even though maximum pinch strength was similar. The path length, normalized by palm width of the thumb tip for the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome was less than for control participants (opposition: 2.2 palm width [95% CI, 1.8-2.6 palm width] versus 3.1 palm width [95% CI, 2.8-3.4 palm width], p < 0.001; circumduction: 2.2 palm width [95% CI, 1.9-2.5 palm width] versus 2.9 palm width [95% CI, 2.7-3.2 palm width], p < 0.001). Specifically, patients with carpal tunnel syndrome had a deficit of 0.3 palm width (95% CI, 0.04-0.52 palm width; p = 0.022) in the maximum position of their thumb tip ulnarly across the palm during opposition relative to control participants. The angular ROM also was reduced for the patients with carpal tunnel syndrome compared with the control participants in extension/flexion for the metacarpophalangeal (opposition: 34° versus 58°, p = .004; circumduction: 33° versus 58°, p < 0.001) and interphalangeal (opposition: 37° versus 62°, p = .028; circumduction: 41° versus 63°, p = .025) joints.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Carpal Tunnel Syndrome', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Median Nerve', 'Middle Aged', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Thumb', 'Video Recording']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,763,612 | Does genome-wide study of hypomethylated and induced genes in patients with liver cancer unravel novel anticancer targets? | {
"contexts": [
"We utilized whole-genome mapping of promoters that are activated by DNA hypomethylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical samples to shortlist novel targets for anticancer therapeutics. We provide a proof of principle of this approach by testing six genes short-listed in our screen for their essential role in cancer growth and invasiveness.",
"We used siRNA- or shRNA-mediated depletion to determine whether inhibition of these genes would reduce human tumor xenograft growth in mice as well as cell viability, anchorage-independent growth, invasive capacities, and state of activity of nodal signaling pathways in liver, breast, and bladder cancer cell lines.",
"Depletion of EXOSC4, RNMT, SENP6, WBSCR22, RASAL2, and NENF effectively and specifically inhibits cancer cell growth and cell invasive capacities in different types of cancer, but, remarkably, there is no effect on normal cell growth, suggesting a ubiquitous causal role for these genes in driving cancer growth and metastasis. Depletion of RASAL2 and NENF in vitro reduces their growth as explants in vivo in mice. RASAL2 and NENF depletion interferes with AKT, WNT, and MAPK signaling pathways as well as regulation of epigenetic proteins that were previously demonstrated to drive cancer growth and metastasis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Carrier Proteins",
"Cell Movement",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Cysteine Endopeptidases",
"DNA Methylation",
"Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic",
"Genome-Wide Association Study",
"Humans",
"Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Methyltransferases",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred NOD",
"Mice, SCID",
"Nerve Tissue Proteins",
"Promoter Regions, Genetic",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"RNA-Binding Proteins",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | Our results prove that genes that are hypomethylated and induced in tumors are candidate targets for anticancer therapeutics in multiple cancer cell types. Because these genes are particularly activated in cancer, they constitute a group of targets for specific pharmacologic inhibitors of cancer and cancer metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3118-32. ©2014 AACR. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does genome-wide study of hypomethylated and induced genes in patients with liver cancer unravel novel anticancer targets?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We utilized whole-genome mapping of promoters that are activated by DNA hypomethylation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical samples to shortlist novel targets for anticancer therapeutics. We provide a proof of principle of this approach by testing six genes short-listed in our screen for their essential role in cancer growth and invasiveness.', 'We used siRNA- or shRNA-mediated depletion to determine whether inhibition of these genes would reduce human tumor xenograft growth in mice as well as cell viability, anchorage-independent growth, invasive capacities, and state of activity of nodal signaling pathways in liver, breast, and bladder cancer cell lines.', 'Depletion of EXOSC4, RNMT, SENP6, WBSCR22, RASAL2, and NENF effectively and specifically inhibits cancer cell growth and cell invasive capacities in different types of cancer, but, remarkably, there is no effect on normal cell growth, suggesting a ubiquitous causal role for these genes in driving cancer growth and metastasis. Depletion of RASAL2 and NENF in vitro reduces their growth as explants in vivo in mice. RASAL2 and NENF depletion interferes with AKT, WNT, and MAPK signaling pathways as well as regulation of epigenetic proteins that were previously demonstrated to drive cancer growth and metastasis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cell Movement', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cysteine Endopeptidases', 'DNA Methylation', 'Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Methyltransferases', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred NOD', 'Mice, SCID', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'RNA-Binding Proteins', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,764,342 | Does low-intensity pulsed ultrasound induce osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells through activation of bone morphogenetic protein-smad signaling? | {
"contexts": [
"Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) can accelerate fracture healing and osteogenic differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effect of low-intensity pulsed US on human periodontal ligament cells and to determine whether bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad signaling was involved.",
"Human periodontal ligament cells were exposed to low-intensity pulsed US at a frequency of 1.5 MHz and intensity of 90 mW/cm(2) for 20 min/d. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by assaying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium deposition. Expression of BMP-2, BMP-6, and BMP-9 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Phosphorylated Smad was detected by western blotting; Smad in the cells was labeled by an immunofluorescent antibody and observed by laser-scanning confocal microscopy.",
"The optical density of ALP stimulated by US at 1.5 MHz and 90 mW/cm(2) for 20 min/d was significantly higher than in other groups (P < .01); therefore, this dosage was considered optimal for promoting osteogenic differentiation. After 13 days of US exposure, ALP increased gradually after 5 days, peaked at 11 days, and decreased at 13 days, with a significant difference compared with the control group (P < .05). Osteocalcin production increased from 9 to 13 days and peaked at 15 days, with a significant difference compared with the control group (P < .05). BMP-2 and BMP-6 increased dynamically after exposure for 13 days. BMP-2 increased 6.07-fold at 3 days, 6.39-fold at 11 days, and 5.97-fold at 13 days. BMP-6 expression increased 6.82-fold at 1 day and 51.5-fold at 3 days and decreased thereafter. BMP-9 was not expressed. Phospho-Smad1/5/8 expression was significantly increased after exposure (P< .05) and transferred from the cytoplasm into the nuclei."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Bone Morphogenetic Proteins",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Female",
"High-Energy Shock Waves",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Osteoblasts",
"Osteogenesis",
"Periodontal Ligament",
"Radiation Dosage",
"Signal Transduction",
"Smad Proteins",
"Sonication"
]
} | Low-intensity pulsed US effectively induced osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells, and the BMP-Smad signaling pathway was involved in the mechanism. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does low-intensity pulsed ultrasound induce osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells through activation of bone morphogenetic protein-smad signaling?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) can accelerate fracture healing and osteogenic differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effect of low-intensity pulsed US on human periodontal ligament cells and to determine whether bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad signaling was involved.', 'Human periodontal ligament cells were exposed to low-intensity pulsed US at a frequency of 1.5 MHz and intensity of 90 mW/cm(2) for 20 min/d. Osteogenic differentiation was determined by assaying alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium deposition. Expression of BMP-2, BMP-6, and BMP-9 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Phosphorylated Smad was detected by western blotting; Smad in the cells was labeled by an immunofluorescent antibody and observed by laser-scanning confocal microscopy.', 'The optical density of ALP stimulated by US at 1.5 MHz and 90 mW/cm(2) for 20 min/d was significantly higher than in other groups (P < .01); therefore, this dosage was considered optimal for promoting osteogenic differentiation. After 13 days of US exposure, ALP increased gradually after 5 days, peaked at 11 days, and decreased at 13 days, with a significant difference compared with the control group (P < .05). Osteocalcin production increased from 9 to 13 days and peaked at 15 days, with a significant difference compared with the control group (P < .05). BMP-2 and BMP-6 increased dynamically after exposure for 13 days. BMP-2 increased 6.07-fold at 3 days, 6.39-fold at 11 days, and 5.97-fold at 13 days. BMP-6 expression increased 6.82-fold at 1 day and 51.5-fold at 3 days and decreased thereafter. BMP-9 was not expressed. Phospho-Smad1/5/8 expression was significantly increased after exposure (P< .05) and transferred from the cytoplasm into the nuclei.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Bone Morphogenetic Proteins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'High-Energy Shock Waves', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Osteoblasts', 'Osteogenesis', 'Periodontal Ligament', 'Radiation Dosage', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smad Proteins', 'Sonication']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,777,720 | Does paley 's multiplier method accurately predict adult height in children with bone sarcoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The majority of patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma are diagnosed before skeletal maturity. Paley's multiplier is used for height prediction in healthy children, and has been suggested as a method to make growth predictions for children with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma when considering limb salvage options. To our knowledge, no evaluation of this method in this particular patient group has been performed, but a temporary growth deficit has been observed in children undergoing chemotherapy.",
"We asked whether (1) Paley's formula reliably predicts growth in children who received polychemotherapy; (2) chemotherapy impairs growth velocity; and (3) final adult height is impaired in these patients.",
"Retrospectively, data for 94 patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma were retrieved from databases of two sarcoma centers. Onset before 14 years of age in girls and 16 years in boys and a minimum followup until 18 years were required (mean, 67 months; range, 31-124 months) criteria. Exclusion criteria were the intake of growth hormones or no chemotherapy. Thirty-three patients (35%) fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Predicted adult heights were compared with actual adult height. The development of a growth deficit was evaluated for 23 children (without chemotherapy for recurrence) using age- and gender-specific standard deviation scores for height (WHO Z-scores).",
"Height prediction using Paley's method showed a high percentage of false predictions (outside ± 1 SD, 70%; outside ± 2 SD, 61%). On average, the mean total height of the patients was overestimated (2.3 cm). The median absolute error of prediction was 5.0 cm (range, -17 to 8). Patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma showed a significant growth impairment during polychemotherapy. A catchup phase in growth before skeletal maturity was observed in patients with osteosarcoma but not with Ewing's sarcoma."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols",
"Body Height",
"Bone Neoplasms",
"Child",
"Female",
"Growth Disorders",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Models, Biological",
"Osteosarcoma",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Sarcoma, Ewing"
]
} | Owing to its lack of reliability in this patient group, methods other than Paley's should be evaluated to predict adult height. Although limited by a small number of patients, our study results indicate a decreased adult height in patients with bone sarcoma after chemotherapy. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does paley 's multiplier method accurately predict adult height in children with bone sarcoma?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The majority of patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma are diagnosed before skeletal maturity. Paley's multiplier is used for height prediction in healthy children, and has been suggested as a method to make growth predictions for children with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma when considering limb salvage options. To our knowledge, no evaluation of this method in this particular patient group has been performed, but a temporary growth deficit has been observed in children undergoing chemotherapy.\", \"We asked whether (1) Paley's formula reliably predicts growth in children who received polychemotherapy; (2) chemotherapy impairs growth velocity; and (3) final adult height is impaired in these patients.\", \"Retrospectively, data for 94 patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma were retrieved from databases of two sarcoma centers. Onset before 14 years of age in girls and 16 years in boys and a minimum followup until 18 years were required (mean, 67 months; range, 31-124 months) criteria. Exclusion criteria were the intake of growth hormones or no chemotherapy. Thirty-three patients (35%) fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Predicted adult heights were compared with actual adult height. The development of a growth deficit was evaluated for 23 children (without chemotherapy for recurrence) using age- and gender-specific standard deviation scores for height (WHO Z-scores).\", \"Height prediction using Paley's method showed a high percentage of false predictions (outside ± 1 SD, 70%; outside ± 2 SD, 61%). On average, the mean total height of the patients was overestimated (2.3 cm). The median absolute error of prediction was 5.0 cm (range, -17 to 8). Patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma showed a significant growth impairment during polychemotherapy. A catchup phase in growth before skeletal maturity was observed in patients with osteosarcoma but not with Ewing's sarcoma.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Body Height', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Female', 'Growth Disorders', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Models, Biological', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sarcoma, Ewing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
24,751,831 | Does fasting protect liver from ischemic injury through Sirt1-mediated downregulation of circulating HMGB1 in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Fasting and calorie restriction are associated with a prolonged life span and an increased resistance to stress. The protective effects of fasting have been exploited for the mitigation of ischemic organ injury, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether fasting protects liver against ischemia reperfusion (IR) through energy-preserving or anti-inflammatory mechanisms.",
"Fasted C57BL6 mice were subjected to partial hepatic IR. Injury was assessed by liver enzymes and histology. Raw264-7 macrophage-like cells were investigated in vitro. Sirt1 and HMGB1 were inhibited using Ex527 and neutralizing antibodies, respectively.",
"Fasting for one, but not two or three days, protected from hepatic IR injury. None of the investigated energy parameters correlated with the protective effects. Instead, inflammatory responses were dampened in one-day-fasted mice and in starved macrophages. Fasting alone led to a reduction in circulating HMGB1 associated with cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation, aggregate formation, and autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy re-elevated circulating HMGB1 and abolished protection in fasted mice, as did supplementation with HMGB1. In vitro, Sirt1 inhibition prevented HMGB1 translocation, leading to elevated HMGB1 in the supernatant. In vivo, Sirt1 inhibition abrogated the fasting-induced protection, but had no effect in the presence of neutralizing HMGB1 antibody."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Down-Regulation",
"Fasting",
"HMGB1 Protein",
"Inflammation",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Reperfusion Injury",
"Sirtuin 1"
]
} | Fasting for one day protects from hepatic IR injury via Sirt1-dependent downregulation of circulating HMGB1. The reduction in serum HMGB1 appears to be mediated by its engagement in the autophagic response. These findings integrate Sirt1, HMGB1, and autophagy into a common framework that underlies the anti-inflammatory properties of short-term fasting. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does fasting protect liver from ischemic injury through Sirt1-mediated downregulation of circulating HMGB1 in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fasting and calorie restriction are associated with a prolonged life span and an increased resistance to stress. The protective effects of fasting have been exploited for the mitigation of ischemic organ injury, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether fasting protects liver against ischemia reperfusion (IR) through energy-preserving or anti-inflammatory mechanisms.', 'Fasted C57BL6 mice were subjected to partial hepatic IR. Injury was assessed by liver enzymes and histology. Raw264-7 macrophage-like cells were investigated in vitro. Sirt1 and HMGB1 were inhibited using Ex527 and neutralizing antibodies, respectively.', 'Fasting for one, but not two or three days, protected from hepatic IR injury. None of the investigated energy parameters correlated with the protective effects. Instead, inflammatory responses were dampened in one-day-fasted mice and in starved macrophages. Fasting alone led to a reduction in circulating HMGB1 associated with cytoplasmic HMGB1 translocation, aggregate formation, and autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy re-elevated circulating HMGB1 and abolished protection in fasted mice, as did supplementation with HMGB1. In vitro, Sirt1 inhibition prevented HMGB1 translocation, leading to elevated HMGB1 in the supernatant. In vivo, Sirt1 inhibition abrogated the fasting-induced protection, but had no effect in the presence of neutralizing HMGB1 antibody.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Down-Regulation', 'Fasting', 'HMGB1 Protein', 'Inflammation', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Reperfusion Injury', 'Sirtuin 1']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,751,833 | Does pPAR-alpha dependent regulation of vanin-1 mediate hepatic lipid metabolism? | {
"contexts": [
"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a key regulator of hepatic fat oxidation that serves as an energy source during starvation. Vanin-1 has been described as a putative PPARα target gene in liver, but its function in hepatic lipid metabolism is unknown.",
"We investigated the regulation of vanin-1, and total vanin activity, by PPARα in mice and humans. Furthermore, the function of vanin-1 in the development of hepatic steatosis in response to starvation was examined in Vnn1 deficient mice, and in rats treated with an inhibitor of vanin activity.",
"Liver microarray analyses reveals that Vnn1 is the most prominently regulated gene after modulation of PPARα activity. In addition, activation of mouse PPARα regulates hepatic- and plasma vanin activity. In humans, consistent with regulation by PPARα, plasma vanin activity increases in all subjects after prolonged fasting, as well as after treatment with the PPARα agonist fenofibrate. In mice, absence of vanin-1 exacerbates the fasting-induced increase in hepatic triglyceride levels. Similarly, inhibition of vanin activity in rats induces accumulation of hepatic triglycerides upon fasting. Microarray analysis reveal that the absence of vanin-1 associates with gene sets involved in liver steatosis, and reduces pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amidohydrolases",
"Animals",
"Fatty Liver",
"GPI-Linked Proteins",
"Humans",
"Lipid Metabolism",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"PPAR alpha",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Starvation"
]
} | We show that hepatic vanin-1 is under extremely sensitive regulation by PPARα and that plasma vanin activity could serve as a readout of changes in PPARα activity in human subjects. In addition, our data propose a role for vanin-1 in regulation of hepatic TG levels during fasting. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pPAR-alpha dependent regulation of vanin-1 mediate hepatic lipid metabolism?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a key regulator of hepatic fat oxidation that serves as an energy source during starvation. Vanin-1 has been described as a putative PPARα target gene in liver, but its function in hepatic lipid metabolism is unknown.', 'We investigated the regulation of vanin-1, and total vanin activity, by PPARα in mice and humans. Furthermore, the function of vanin-1 in the development of hepatic steatosis in response to starvation was examined in Vnn1 deficient mice, and in rats treated with an inhibitor of vanin activity.', 'Liver microarray analyses reveals that Vnn1 is the most prominently regulated gene after modulation of PPARα activity. In addition, activation of mouse PPARα regulates hepatic- and plasma vanin activity. In humans, consistent with regulation by PPARα, plasma vanin activity increases in all subjects after prolonged fasting, as well as after treatment with the PPARα agonist fenofibrate. In mice, absence of vanin-1 exacerbates the fasting-induced increase in hepatic triglyceride levels. Similarly, inhibition of vanin activity in rats induces accumulation of hepatic triglycerides upon fasting. Microarray analysis reveal that the absence of vanin-1 associates with gene sets involved in liver steatosis, and reduces pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amidohydrolases', 'Animals', 'Fatty Liver', 'GPI-Linked Proteins', 'Humans', 'Lipid Metabolism', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'PPAR alpha', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Starvation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,750,356 | Does coffee consumption and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults -- result from a Swedish case-control study? | {
"contexts": [
"Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to investigate if coffee intake may also reduce the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, an autoimmune form of diabetes with features of Type 2 diabetes.",
"We used data from a population-based case-control study with incident cases of adult onset (≥ 35 years) diabetes, including 245 cases of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positive), 759 cases of Type 2 diabetes (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody negative), together with 990 control subjects without diabetes, randomly selected from the population. Using questionnaire information on coffee consumption, we estimated the odds ratio of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and Type 2 diabetes adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, education and family history of diabetes.",
"Coffee intake was inversely associated with Type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.98 per cup/day). With regard to latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, the general trend was weak (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.13), but stratification by degree of autoimmunity (median glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels) suggested that coffee intake may be associated with an increased risk of high glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (odds ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.23 per cup/day). Furthermore, for every additional cup of coffee consumed per day, there was a 15.2% (P = 0.0268) increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Autoimmunity",
"Body Mass Index",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Coffee",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Risk Factors",
"Smoking",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Sweden"
]
} | Our findings confirm that coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, the findings suggest that coffee may be associated with development of autoimmunity and possibly an increased risk of more Type 1-like latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does coffee consumption and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults -- result from a Swedish case-control study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type\\xa02 diabetes. Our aim was to investigate if coffee intake may also reduce the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, an autoimmune form of diabetes with features of Type\\xa02 diabetes.', 'We used data from a population-based case-control study with incident cases of adult onset (≥\\xa035\\xa0years) diabetes, including 245 cases of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positive), 759 cases of Type\\xa02 diabetes (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody negative), together with 990 control subjects without diabetes, randomly selected from the population. Using questionnaire information on coffee consumption, we estimated the odds ratio of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and Type\\xa02 diabetes adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, education and family history of diabetes.', 'Coffee intake was inversely associated with Type\\xa02 diabetes (odds ratio\\xa00.92, 95%\\xa0CI 0.87-0.98 per cup/day). With regard to latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, the general trend was weak (odds ratio\\xa01.04, 95%\\xa0CI 0.96-1.13), but stratification by degree of autoimmunity (median glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels) suggested that coffee intake may be associated with an increased risk of high glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (odds ratio\\xa01.11, 95%\\xa0CI 1.00-1.23 per cup/day). Furthermore, for every additional cup of coffee consumed per day, there was a 15.2% (P\\xa0=\\xa00.0268) increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Autoimmunity', 'Body Mass Index', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Coffee', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Sweden']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,747,114 | Does downregulation of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper ( GILZ ) promote vascular inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) represents an anti-inflammatory mediator, whose downregulation has been described in various inflammatory processes. Aim of our study was to decipher the regulation of GILZ in vascular inflammation.",
"Degenerated aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts (n = 15), which exhibited inflammatory cell activation as determined by enhanced monocyte chemoattractrant protein 1 (MCP-1, CCL2) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression, showed significantly diminished GILZ protein and mRNA levels compared to healthy veins (n = 23). GILZ was also downregulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and macrophages upon treatment with the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in a tristetraprolin (ZFP36, TTP)- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner. To assess the functional implications of decreased GILZ expression, we determined NF-κB activation after GILZ knockdown by siRNA and found that NF-κB activity and inflammatory gene expression were significantly enhanced. Importantly, ZFP36 is induced in TNF-α-activated HUVEC as well as in degenerated vein bypasses. When atheroprotective laminar shear stress was employed, GILZ levels in HUVEC increased on mRNA and protein level. Laminar flow also counteracted TNF-α-induced ZFP36 expression and GILZ downregulation. MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1, DUSP1), a negative regulator of ZFP36 expression, was distinctly upregulated under laminar shear stress conditions and downregulated in degenerated vein bypasses."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Chemokine CCL2",
"Coronary Artery Bypass",
"Down-Regulation",
"Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic",
"Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells",
"Humans",
"Macrophages",
"NF-kappa B",
"RNA Interference",
"Saphenous Vein",
"Signal Transduction",
"Stress, Mechanical",
"Time Factors",
"Toll-Like Receptor 2",
"Transcription Factors",
"Transfection",
"Tristetraprolin",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Vasculitis",
"p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases"
]
} | Our data show a diminished expression of the anti-inflammatory mediator GILZ in the inflamed vasculature and indicate that GILZ downregulation requires the mRNA binding protein ZFP36. We suggest that reduced GILZ levels play a role in cardiovascular disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does downregulation of the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper ( GILZ ) promote vascular inflammation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) represents an anti-inflammatory mediator, whose downregulation has been described in various inflammatory processes. Aim of our study was to decipher the regulation of GILZ in vascular inflammation.', 'Degenerated aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts (n = 15), which exhibited inflammatory cell activation as determined by enhanced monocyte chemoattractrant protein 1 (MCP-1, CCL2) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression, showed significantly diminished GILZ protein and mRNA levels compared to healthy veins (n = 23). GILZ was also downregulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and macrophages upon treatment with the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in a tristetraprolin (ZFP36, TTP)- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner. To assess the functional implications of decreased GILZ expression, we determined NF-κB activation after GILZ knockdown by siRNA and found that NF-κB activity and inflammatory gene expression were significantly enhanced. Importantly, ZFP36 is induced in TNF-α-activated HUVEC as well as in degenerated vein bypasses. When atheroprotective laminar shear stress was employed, GILZ levels in HUVEC increased on mRNA and protein level. Laminar flow also counteracted TNF-α-induced ZFP36 expression and GILZ downregulation. MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1, DUSP1), a negative regulator of ZFP36 expression, was distinctly upregulated under laminar shear stress conditions and downregulated in degenerated vein bypasses.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Case-Control Studies', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chemokine CCL2', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Down-Regulation', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'Macrophages', 'NF-kappa B', 'RNA Interference', 'Saphenous Vein', 'Signal Transduction', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Time Factors', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2', 'Transcription Factors', 'Transfection', 'Tristetraprolin', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Vasculitis', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,770,609 | Is playground Safety Associated With Playground , Park , and Neighborhood Characteristics? | {
"contexts": [
"More than 200,000 children each year are treated at emergency departments for injuries occurring on playgrounds. Empirically derived data are needed to elucidate factors associated with playground safety and reduce injury rates.",
"Determine if neighborhood, park and playground characteristics are significantly associated with playground safety.",
"A 24-item report card developed by the National Program for Playground Safety was used to assess playground safety at 41 public parks in a small to midsized, Midwestern city. Trained assessors evaluated the parks and playgrounds in June/July and used a standardized method to count the numbers of users. Data from the 2010 U.S. Census were used to describe the neighborhoods surrounding the parks.",
"The average safety score for all playgrounds was 77.4% which denotes acceptable safety levels. However, 17.1% of the playgrounds were potentially hazardous and in need of corrective measures. Playgrounds were safer in neighborhoods with more youth (< 18 years of age) and educated adults and in parks with better quality features. Playgrounds with fewer amenities were relatively less safe."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Censuses",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Emergency Service, Hospital",
"Environment",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Motor Activity",
"Play and Playthings",
"Residence Characteristics",
"Risk",
"Safety",
"Social Class",
"United States"
]
} | Park safety levels need to be improved to reduce the risk of physical injuries. Future studies examining cause-effect associations between environmental features and playground safety are warranted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is playground Safety Associated With Playground , Park , and Neighborhood Characteristics?\nContext: {'contexts': ['More than 200,000 children each year are treated at emergency departments for injuries occurring on playgrounds. Empirically derived data are needed to elucidate factors associated with playground safety and reduce injury rates.', 'Determine if neighborhood, park and playground characteristics are significantly associated with playground safety.', 'A 24-item report card developed by the National Program for Playground Safety was used to assess playground safety at 41 public parks in a small to midsized, Midwestern city. Trained assessors evaluated the parks and playgrounds in June/July and used a standardized method to count the numbers of users. Data from the 2010 U.S. Census were used to describe the neighborhoods surrounding the parks.', 'The average safety score for all playgrounds was 77.4% which denotes acceptable safety levels. However, 17.1% of the playgrounds were potentially hazardous and in need of corrective measures. Playgrounds were safer in neighborhoods with more youth (< 18 years of age) and educated adults and in parks with better quality features. Playgrounds with fewer amenities were relatively less safe.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Censuses', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Emergency Service, Hospital', 'Environment', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Play and Playthings', 'Residence Characteristics', 'Risk', 'Safety', 'Social Class', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,746,950 | Is aortic valve calcification mediated by a differential response of aortic valve interstitial cells to inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"Although calcific aortic stenosis is common, calcification of the other three heart valves is not. The aortic valve interstitial cell (VIC) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis. Proinflammatory stimulation of aortic VICs induces an osteogenic and inflammatory phenotypic change. We hypothesized that the VICs of the other heart valves do not undergo these changes. Using isolated human VICs from normal aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves, our purpose was to compare the osteogenic response to proinflammatory stimulation via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4).",
"Aortic, pulmonic, mitral, and tricuspid (n=4 for each valve type) VICs were isolated from hearts valves explanted from patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. Cells were cultured and grown to confluence in passage 2-6 before treatment with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100-200 ng/mL) for 24 or 48 h. Cells were characterized by immunofluorescent staining. TLR-4 expression was analyzed (immunoblotting, flow cytometry). Bone morphogenetic protein 2 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 production were determined (immunoblotting). Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistics were by Mann-Whitney U test.",
"TLR-4 stimulation induced bone morphogenetic protein 2 production only in aortic VICs (P<0.05). Intra-cellular adhesion molecule 1 production and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 secretion increased in a similar fashion among TLR-4-stimulated VICs from all four valves."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aortic Valve",
"Aortic Valve Stenosis",
"Calcinosis",
"Humans",
"Inflammation",
"Middle Aged",
"Osteogenesis",
"Toll-Like Receptor 4"
]
} | Proinflammatory stimulation induces an osteogenic phenotype in aortic VICs but not mitral, pulmonic, or tricuspid VICs. We conclude that this differential osteogenic response of aortic VICs contributes to the pathogenesis of calcific aortic stenosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is aortic valve calcification mediated by a differential response of aortic valve interstitial cells to inflammation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although calcific aortic stenosis is common, calcification of the other three heart valves is not. The aortic valve interstitial cell (VIC) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis. Proinflammatory stimulation of aortic VICs induces an osteogenic and inflammatory phenotypic change. We hypothesized that the VICs of the other heart valves do not undergo these changes. Using isolated human VICs from normal aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves, our purpose was to compare the osteogenic response to proinflammatory stimulation via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4).', 'Aortic, pulmonic, mitral, and tricuspid (n=4 for each valve type) VICs were isolated from hearts valves explanted from patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. Cells were cultured and grown to confluence in passage 2-6 before treatment with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100-200 ng/mL) for 24 or 48 h. Cells were characterized by immunofluorescent staining. TLR-4 expression was analyzed (immunoblotting, flow cytometry). Bone morphogenetic protein 2 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 production were determined (immunoblotting). Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistics were by Mann-Whitney U test.', 'TLR-4 stimulation induced bone morphogenetic protein 2 production only in aortic VICs (P<0.05). Intra-cellular adhesion molecule 1 production and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 secretion increased in a similar fashion among TLR-4-stimulated VICs from all four valves.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aortic Valve', 'Aortic Valve Stenosis', 'Calcinosis', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteogenesis', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,756,010 | Is inflammation the cause of an elevated serum ferritin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? | {
"contexts": [
"In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), it has often been assumed that an elevation in serum ferritin is likely related to inflammation rather than iron overload.",
"Patients referred with NAFLD were entered into a clinical study of phlebotomy therapy. A liver biopsy with liver iron concentration was done at entry and 6 months after phlebotomy (n = 56) until the patient had a low serum ferritin or developed anemia. Serum ferritin was compared to liver iron concentration, ESR, CRP, BMI and grade of inflammation on liver biopsy.",
"Iron removed by phlebotomy in NAFLD correlated with the decrease in serum ferritin (r = 0.57, p = 0.0014) and liver iron concentration (r = 0.57, p = 0.0013). There was no significant correlations between serum ferritin and ESR, CRP or grade of liver inflammation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Sedimentation",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Female",
"Ferritins",
"Humans",
"Inflammation",
"Iron",
"Iron Overload",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease",
"Phlebotomy"
]
} | Serum ferritin is related to liver iron storage in NAFLD and decreasing body iron stores by phlebotomy is reflected by an appropriate decrease in serum ferritin. Inflammation is not the cause of the elevated serum ferritin in fatty liver disease. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is inflammation the cause of an elevated serum ferritin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), it has often been assumed that an elevation in serum ferritin is likely related to inflammation rather than iron overload.', 'Patients referred with NAFLD were entered into a clinical study of phlebotomy therapy. A liver biopsy with liver iron concentration was done at entry and 6 months after phlebotomy (n = 56) until the patient had a low serum ferritin or developed anemia. Serum ferritin was compared to liver iron concentration, ESR, CRP, BMI and grade of inflammation on liver biopsy.', 'Iron removed by phlebotomy in NAFLD correlated with the decrease in serum ferritin (r = 0.57, p = 0.0014) and liver iron concentration (r = 0.57, p = 0.0013). There was no significant correlations between serum ferritin and ESR, CRP or grade of liver inflammation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blood Sedimentation', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Female', 'Ferritins', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Iron', 'Iron Overload', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Phlebotomy']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
24,751,545 | Does pain self-efficacy mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and pain severity? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined the relationships between depressive symptoms, pain severity, and pain self-efficacy (PSE) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). We hypothesized that change in depressive symptoms would significantly influence change in pain severity, and that PSE indirectly affects this relationship.",
"Participants were 109 CLBP patients in a 4-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for CLBP. They completed measures of PSE, depression, and pain severity at admission and discharge. Structural equation modeling was used to test the significant direct and indirect effects from pretreatment to posttreatment.",
"Change in depressive symptoms significantly predicted change in pain severity in affective (β=0.358; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.206-0.480; P=0.006), sensory (β=0.384; 95% CI, 0.257-0.523; P=0.002), and evaluative pain (β=0.456; 95% CI, 0.285-0.605; P=0.002). The indirect effects of change in PSE partially accounted for the relationship between change in depressive symptoms and change in sensory (β=0.105; 95% CI, 0.016-0.241; P=0.023) and evaluative pain (β=0.121; 95% CI, 0.010-0.249; P=0.040). The relationship between change in depressive symptoms and change in affective pain was fully accounted for by the indirect effect of change in PSE (β=0.203; 95% CI, 0.082-0.337; P=0.002)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Chronic Pain",
"Depression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Linear Models",
"Low Back Pain",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pain Measurement",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales",
"Self Efficacy",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Young Adult"
]
} | These findings suggest that pain management and rehabilitation programs for CLBP should specifically target PSE as a key aspect of treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does pain self-efficacy mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and pain severity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We examined the relationships between depressive symptoms, pain severity, and pain self-efficacy (PSE) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). We hypothesized that change in depressive symptoms would significantly influence change in pain severity, and that PSE indirectly affects this relationship.', 'Participants were 109 CLBP patients in a 4-week multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for CLBP. They completed measures of PSE, depression, and pain severity at admission and discharge. Structural equation modeling was used to test the significant direct and indirect effects from pretreatment to posttreatment.', 'Change in depressive symptoms significantly predicted change in pain severity in affective (β=0.358; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.206-0.480; P=0.006), sensory (β=0.384; 95% CI, 0.257-0.523; P=0.002), and evaluative pain (β=0.456; 95% CI, 0.285-0.605; P=0.002). The indirect effects of change in PSE partially accounted for the relationship between change in depressive symptoms and change in sensory (β=0.105; 95% CI, 0.016-0.241; P=0.023) and evaluative pain (β=0.121; 95% CI, 0.010-0.249; P=0.040). The relationship between change in depressive symptoms and change in affective pain was fully accounted for by the indirect effect of change in PSE (β=0.203; 95% CI, 0.082-0.337; P=0.002).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Chronic Pain', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Low Back Pain', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales', 'Self Efficacy', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,754,849 | Is polymorphism in the epidermal growth factor gene associated with pre-eclampsia and low birthweight? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously reported that polymorphism in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene is associated with pre-eclampsia and birthweight based on case-control association studies involving two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). We extended that work to investigate other SNP in the EGF gene for their association with pre-eclampsia and the weight of babies at birth.",
"A population-based DNA collection was genotyped to determine whether the selected SNP were polymorphic in the study population. In total, 175 women with pre-eclampsia and 171 matched normotensive controls were genotyped for the polymorphic SNP using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism and MassARRAY Sequenom iPLEX methodology.",
"The rs3756261A, rs4444903G, rs2237051G haplotype was associated with the highest increased risk of pre-eclampsia (odds ratio: 3.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.38-9.94; P = 0.016). The rs3756261A allele was the one that contributed to this high degree of significance. The same allele was present in the haplotype rs3756261A, rs11568943G, rs2237051G, rs11569017A, rs4698803T (likelihood ratio statistic = 20.4671, d.f. = 3, P-value = 0.0001), which was associated with the lower birthweight."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"CDX2 Transcription Factor",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Epidermal Growth Factor",
"Female",
"Genotype",
"Haplotypes",
"Homeodomain Proteins",
"Humans",
"Infant, Low Birth Weight",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide",
"Pre-Eclampsia",
"Pregnancy",
"Quantitative Trait Loci"
]
} | In this study we found further evidence for the association of polymorphism in the EGF gene with pre-eclampsia and the weight of babies at birth and identified rs3756261A>G as the SNP that makes the most significant contribution to this association. Bioinformatic analysis showed that this effect may be mediated by caudal type homeohox-2, a transcriptional repressor expressed in the trophoblast, for which a binding site is created at this polymorphic site when the rs3756261A allele is present. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is polymorphism in the epidermal growth factor gene associated with pre-eclampsia and low birthweight?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We have previously reported that polymorphism in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene is associated with pre-eclampsia and birthweight based on case-control association studies involving two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). We extended that work to investigate other SNP in the EGF gene for their association with pre-eclampsia and the weight of babies at birth.', 'A population-based DNA collection was genotyped to determine whether the selected SNP were polymorphic in the study population. In total, 175 women with pre-eclampsia and 171 matched normotensive controls were genotyped for the polymorphic SNP using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism and MassARRAY Sequenom iPLEX methodology.', 'The rs3756261A, rs4444903G, rs2237051G haplotype was associated with the highest increased risk of pre-eclampsia (odds ratio: 3.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.38-9.94; P = 0.016). The rs3756261A allele was the one that contributed to this high degree of significance. The same allele was present in the haplotype rs3756261A, rs11568943G, rs2237051G, rs11569017A, rs4698803T (likelihood ratio statistic = 20.4671, d.f. = 3, P-value = 0.0001), which was associated with the lower birthweight.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'CDX2 Transcription Factor', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'Haplotypes', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Infant, Low Birth Weight', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Pre-Eclampsia', 'Pregnancy', 'Quantitative Trait Loci']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,774,962 | Do insulin resistant rats display enhanced rewarding effects of nicotine? | {
"contexts": [
"Tobacco use among persons with Type II diabetes exponentially increases negative health consequences and mortality rates. It is especially troubling that diabetic persons who smoke have a greater difficulty with tobacco cessation as compared to non-diabetic smokers. Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome that consists of insulin resistance due to disruptions in insulin signaling. We have previously shown that insulin depletion enhances the motivational effects of nicotine.",
"The present study expands our previous work by examining whether insulin resistance, produced by a high-fat diet (HFD) regimen, enhances the rewarding effects of nicotine, as measured by the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Rats were placed on either a regular diet (RD) or a HFD for 5 weeks, after which they were assessed for insulin resistance via blood glucose measurements after an insulin challenge. Rats then underwent a nicotine CPP study.",
"The findings revealed that HFD produced insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant animals. Interestingly, the magnitude of nicotine CPP was larger in insulin resistant rats versus RD rats. Nicotine CPP was absent in non-insulin resistant animals. A similar increase in body weight was observed in insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant rats as compared to RD rats. These findings suggest that neither the increased body weight nor the HFD per se in the insulin resistant rats contributed to the enhanced nicotine reward."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Glucose",
"Body Weight",
"Conditioning, Operant",
"Cues",
"Diet",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Male",
"Nicotine",
"Nicotinic Agonists",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Reward"
]
} | These present study suggests that insulin resistant rats undergo unique neurobiological changes related to a disruption in insulin signaling that promotes the rewarding effects of nicotine. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do insulin resistant rats display enhanced rewarding effects of nicotine?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Tobacco use among persons with Type II diabetes exponentially increases negative health consequences and mortality rates. It is especially troubling that diabetic persons who smoke have a greater difficulty with tobacco cessation as compared to non-diabetic smokers. Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome that consists of insulin resistance due to disruptions in insulin signaling. We have previously shown that insulin depletion enhances the motivational effects of nicotine.', 'The present study expands our previous work by examining whether insulin resistance, produced by a high-fat diet (HFD) regimen, enhances the rewarding effects of nicotine, as measured by the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Rats were placed on either a regular diet (RD) or a HFD for 5 weeks, after which they were assessed for insulin resistance via blood glucose measurements after an insulin challenge. Rats then underwent a nicotine CPP study.', 'The findings revealed that HFD produced insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant animals. Interestingly, the magnitude of nicotine CPP was larger in insulin resistant rats versus RD rats. Nicotine CPP was absent in non-insulin resistant animals. A similar increase in body weight was observed in insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant rats as compared to RD rats. These findings suggest that neither the increased body weight nor the HFD per se in the insulin resistant rats contributed to the enhanced nicotine reward.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Body Weight', 'Conditioning, Operant', 'Cues', 'Diet', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Nicotine', 'Nicotinic Agonists', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Reward']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,749,130 | Is immature reticulocyte fraction an early predictor of bone marrow recovery post chemotherapy in patients with acute leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"To establish the benefits of immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) measurement using an automated hematology cells analyzer over absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in predicting bone marrow recovery post induction chemotherapy.",
"A prospective observational study was carried out in the Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Pediatrics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during a period of 19 months from April 2009 to December 2010 to assess the bone marrow recovery in patients with acute leukemia. A total of 22 patients in remission induction phases were enrolled in this study. The blood specimens were collected from day zero after chemotherapy, and every 3 days until patients recovered hematologically. All blood samples were measured for ANC and IRF using an automated hematology analyzer (Beckman-Coulter LH750).",
"The percentage of patients showing IRF recovery earlier than ANC recovery was 63.6% (14 out of 22 patients). There was a significant difference in the mean number of days for IRF recovery as compared with ANC recovery (14.05 and 17.18 days), p=0.005."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Bone Marrow",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute",
"Leukocyte Count",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neutrophils",
"Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma",
"Prospective Studies",
"Remission Induction",
"Reticulocyte Count",
"Reticulocytes",
"Young Adult"
]
} | This study proved that IRF was more useful in predicting bone marrow recovery in a patient with acute leukemia post induction chemotherapy compared with ANC. The IRF is not affected by infection, is easily measured, and inexpensive; thus, it is a reliable parameter to evaluate bone marrow reconstitution. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is immature reticulocyte fraction an early predictor of bone marrow recovery post chemotherapy in patients with acute leukemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To establish the benefits of immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) measurement using an automated hematology cells analyzer over absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in predicting bone marrow recovery post induction chemotherapy.', 'A prospective observational study was carried out in the Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Pediatrics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia during a period of 19 months from April 2009 to December 2010 to assess the bone marrow recovery in patients with acute leukemia. A total of 22 patients in remission induction phases were enrolled in this study. The blood specimens were collected from day zero after chemotherapy, and every 3 days until patients recovered hematologically. All blood samples were measured for ANC and IRF using an automated hematology analyzer (Beckman-Coulter LH750).', 'The percentage of patients showing IRF recovery earlier than ANC recovery was 63.6% (14 out of 22 patients). There was a significant difference in the mean number of days for IRF recovery as compared with ANC recovery (14.05 and 17.18 days), p=0.005.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bone Marrow', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neutrophils', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Prospective Studies', 'Remission Induction', 'Reticulocyte Count', 'Reticulocytes', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,773,608 | Are nadir PSA level and time to nadir PSA prognostic factors in patients with metastatic prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary androgen deprivation therapy (PADT) is the most effective systemic therapy for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Nevertheless, once PSA progression develops, the prognosis is serious and mortal. We sought to identify factors that predicted the prognosis in a series of patients with metastatic prostate cancer.",
"Two-hundred eighty-six metastatic prostate cancer patients who received PADT from 1998 to 2005 in Nara Uro-Oncology Research Group were enrolled. The log-rank test and Cox's proportional hazards model were used to determine the predictive factors for prognosis; rate of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and overall survival.",
"The median age, follow-up period and PSA level at diagnosis were 73 years, 47 months and 174 ng/mL, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 63.0%. The multivariable analysis showed that Gleason score (Hazard ratio [HR]:1.362; 95% confidence interval [C.I.], 1.023-1.813), nadir PSA (HR:6.332; 95% C.I., 4.006-9.861) and time from PADT to nadir (HR:4.408; 95% C.I., 3.099-6.271) were independent prognostic factors of the incidence of CRPC. The independent parameters in the multivariate analysis that predicted overall survival were nadir PSA (HR:5.221; 95% C.I., 2.757-9.889) and time from PADT to nadir (HR:4.008; 95% C.I., 2.137-7.517)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Androgen Antagonists",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Survival Analysis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Nadir PSA and time from PADT to nadir were factors that affect both CRPC and overall survival in a cohort of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Lower nadir PSA level and longer time from PADT to nadir were good for survival and progression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are nadir PSA level and time to nadir PSA prognostic factors in patients with metastatic prostate cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Primary androgen deprivation therapy (PADT) is the most effective systemic therapy for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Nevertheless, once PSA progression develops, the prognosis is serious and mortal. We sought to identify factors that predicted the prognosis in a series of patients with metastatic prostate cancer.', \"Two-hundred eighty-six metastatic prostate cancer patients who received PADT from 1998 to 2005 in Nara Uro-Oncology Research Group were enrolled. The log-rank test and Cox's proportional hazards model were used to determine the predictive factors for prognosis; rate of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and overall survival.\", 'The median age, follow-up period and PSA level at diagnosis were 73 years, 47 months and 174 ng/mL, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 63.0%. The multivariable analysis showed that Gleason score (Hazard ratio [HR]:1.362; 95% confidence interval [C.I.], 1.023-1.813), nadir PSA (HR:6.332; 95% C.I., 4.006-9.861) and time from PADT to nadir (HR:4.408; 95% C.I., 3.099-6.271) were independent prognostic factors of the incidence of CRPC. The independent parameters in the multivariate analysis that predicted overall survival were nadir PSA (HR:5.221; 95% C.I., 2.757-9.889) and time from PADT to nadir (HR:4.008; 95% C.I., 2.137-7.517).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Androgen Antagonists', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Survival Analysis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,746,282 | Do skin stretching for primary closure of acute burn wounds? | {
"contexts": [
"In burn care, a well-acknowledged problem is the suboptimal scar outcome from skin grafted burn wounds. With the aim of improving this, we focused on a new technique: excision of the burn wound followed by primary closure, thereby using a skin-stretching device to stretch the adjacent healthy skin. The short- and long-term effect of Skin Stretch was compared to split skin grafting (SSG) in a randomized controlled trial.",
"Patients with burn wounds were randomized for SSG or primary wound closure using Skin Stretch. Follow-up was performed at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The scar surface area was calculated and the scar quality was assessed, using subjective and objective measurement methods.",
"No significant differences between the SSG and the Skin Stretch group were found for scar surface area. In the Skin Stretch group, a significant reduction of the surface area from 65.4cm(2) (13.6-129.1) to 13.4cm(2) (3.0-36.6) was found at 3 months (p=0.028) and at 12 months postoperatively (65.4cm(2) (13.6-129.1) to 33.0cm(2) (8.9-63.7), p=0.046, Wilcoxon signed ranks test)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Burns",
"Cicatrix",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Tissue Expansion",
"Wound Healing",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Skin Stretch for primary closure of acute burn wounds is a suitable technique and can be considered for specific circumscript full-thickness burn wounds. However, future research should be performed to provide additional scientific evidence. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do skin stretching for primary closure of acute burn wounds?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In burn care, a well-acknowledged problem is the suboptimal scar outcome from skin grafted burn wounds. With the aim of improving this, we focused on a new technique: excision of the burn wound followed by primary closure, thereby using a skin-stretching device to stretch the adjacent healthy skin. The short- and long-term effect of Skin Stretch was compared to split skin grafting (SSG) in a randomized controlled trial.', 'Patients with burn wounds were randomized for SSG or primary wound closure using Skin Stretch. Follow-up was performed at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. The scar surface area was calculated and the scar quality was assessed, using subjective and objective measurement methods.', 'No significant differences between the SSG and the Skin Stretch group were found for scar surface area. In the Skin Stretch group, a significant reduction of the surface area from 65.4cm(2) (13.6-129.1) to 13.4cm(2) (3.0-36.6) was found at 3 months (p=0.028) and at 12 months postoperatively (65.4cm(2) (13.6-129.1) to 33.0cm(2) (8.9-63.7), p=0.046, Wilcoxon signed ranks test).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Burns', 'Cicatrix', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Tissue Expansion', 'Wound Healing', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,771,644 | Is canonical androstenedione reduction the predominant source of signaling androgens in hormone-refractory prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been recognized for almost a decade that concentrations of signaling androgens sufficient to activate the androgen receptor are present in castration-resistant prostate cancer tissue. The source of these androgens is highly controversial, with three competing models proposed. We, therefore, wished to determine the androgenic potential of human benign and malignant (hormone-naïve and treated) prostate tissue when incubated with various precursors and examine concomitant changes in enzyme expression.",
"Freshly harvested prostate tissue [benign, hormone-naïve, and hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC)] was incubated in excess concentrations of cholesterol, progesterone, DHEA, androstenedione, or testosterone for 96 hours, and steroid concentrations in the conditioned media measured by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Changes in the expression of androgen synthetic and/or degradative enzymes were determined by expression microarray and qPCR. Significant changes were confirmed in an independent dataset.",
"Of the precursor molecules tested, only incubation with androstenedione gave rise to significant concentrations of signaling androgens. Although this was observed in all tissue types, it occurred to a significantly greater degree in hormone-refractory compared with hormone-naïve cancer. Consistent with this, gene set enrichment analysis of the expression microarray data revealed significant upregulation of 17HSD17B activity, with overexpression of the canonical enzyme AKR1C3 confirmed by qPCR in the same samples and in a publicly available expression dataset. Importantly, we found no evidence to support a significant contribution from either the \"backdoor\" or \"5-α dione\" pathway."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3",
"Androgens",
"Androstenedione",
"Estradiol Dehydrogenases",
"Humans",
"Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prostate",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Receptors, Androgen",
"Signal Transduction",
"Up-Regulation"
]
} | Reduction of androstenedione to testosterone by the canonical HSD17B AKR1C3 is the predominant source of signaling androgens in HRPC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is canonical androstenedione reduction the predominant source of signaling androgens in hormone-refractory prostate cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['It has been recognized for almost a decade that concentrations of signaling androgens sufficient to activate the androgen receptor are present in castration-resistant prostate cancer tissue. The source of these androgens is highly controversial, with three competing models proposed. We, therefore, wished to determine the androgenic potential of human benign and malignant (hormone-naïve and treated) prostate tissue when incubated with various precursors and examine concomitant changes in enzyme expression.', 'Freshly harvested prostate tissue [benign, hormone-naïve, and hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC)] was incubated in excess concentrations of cholesterol, progesterone, DHEA, androstenedione, or testosterone for 96 hours, and steroid concentrations in the conditioned media measured by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Changes in the expression of androgen synthetic and/or degradative enzymes were determined by expression microarray and qPCR. Significant changes were confirmed in an independent dataset.', 'Of the precursor molecules tested, only incubation with androstenedione gave rise to significant concentrations of signaling androgens. Although this was observed in all tissue types, it occurred to a significantly greater degree in hormone-refractory compared with hormone-naïve cancer. Consistent with this, gene set enrichment analysis of the expression microarray data revealed significant upregulation of 17HSD17B activity, with overexpression of the canonical enzyme AKR1C3 confirmed by qPCR in the same samples and in a publicly available expression dataset. Importantly, we found no evidence to support a significant contribution from either the \"backdoor\" or \"5-α dione\" pathway.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3', 'Androgens', 'Androstenedione', 'Estradiol Dehydrogenases', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prostate', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Receptors, Androgen', 'Signal Transduction', 'Up-Regulation']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,771,647 | Is hsa-miR-31-3p expression linked to progression-free survival in patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer treated with anti-EGFR therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify microRNAs (miRNA) that predict response to anti-EGFR antibodies in patients with wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).",
"miRNA profiling was performed in a training set of 87 patients with mCRC refractory to chemotherapy treated with anti-EGFR antibodies. This included 33 fresh-frozen (FF) and 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples retrospectively collected and 19 prospectively collected FF samples. An independent validation cohort consisting of 19 FF and 26 FFPE prospectively collected samples from patients with mCRC treated with anti-EGFR antibodies was used to confirm our findings.",
"After screening the expression of 1,145 miRNAs in FF samples from the training set, we identified that hsa-miR-31-3p expression level was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Statistical models based on miRNA expression discriminated between high and low risk of progression for both FF and FFPE samples. These models were confirmed in the validation cohort for both FF [HR, 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-15.3; P < 0.04] and FFPE samples (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.1-5.4; P = 0.028). The percentage of variation of RECIST criteria in the validation series was significantly associated with the expression level of hsa-miR-31-3p (r(2) = 0.49; P = 0.0035) and risk status determined by hsa-miR-31-3p expression level (P = 0.02, Kruskal-Wallis rank test). Nomograms were built and validated to predict PFS-depending on hsa-miR-31-3p expression level. Following in vitro studies, we identified 47 genes regulated by hsa-miR-31-3p."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Colorectal Neoplasms",
"ErbB Receptors",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"MicroRNAs",
"Middle Aged",
"Mutation",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Paraffin Embedding",
"Prognosis",
"Prospective Studies",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Rate",
"Young Adult",
"ras Proteins"
]
} | Hsa-miR-31-3p seems to be a new mCRC biomarker whose expression level allows for the identification of patients with wild-type KRAS mCRC who are more likely to respond to anti-EGFR therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is hsa-miR-31-3p expression linked to progression-free survival in patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer treated with anti-EGFR therapy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To identify microRNAs (miRNA) that predict response to anti-EGFR antibodies in patients with wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).', 'miRNA profiling was performed in a training set of 87 patients with mCRC refractory to chemotherapy treated with anti-EGFR antibodies. This included 33 fresh-frozen (FF) and 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples retrospectively collected and 19 prospectively collected FF samples. An independent validation cohort consisting of 19 FF and 26 FFPE prospectively collected samples from patients with mCRC treated with anti-EGFR antibodies was used to confirm our findings.', 'After screening the expression of 1,145 miRNAs in FF samples from the training set, we identified that hsa-miR-31-3p expression level was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Statistical models based on miRNA expression discriminated between high and low risk of progression for both FF and FFPE samples. These models were confirmed in the validation cohort for both FF [HR, 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-15.3; P < 0.04] and FFPE samples (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.1-5.4; P = 0.028). The percentage of variation of RECIST criteria in the validation series was significantly associated with the expression level of hsa-miR-31-3p (r(2) = 0.49; P = 0.0035) and risk status determined by hsa-miR-31-3p expression level (P = 0.02, Kruskal-Wallis rank test). Nomograms were built and validated to predict PFS-depending on hsa-miR-31-3p expression level. Following in vitro studies, we identified 47 genes regulated by hsa-miR-31-3p.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Mutation', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Paraffin Embedding', 'Prognosis', 'Prospective Studies', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'Young Adult', 'ras Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,771,642 | Does rNAi screen identify a synthetic lethal interaction between PIM1 overexpression and PLK1 inhibition? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify genes whose depletion is detrimental to Pim1-overexpressing prostate cancer cells and to validate this finding in vitro and in vivo.",
"RNAi screening was used to identify genes whose depletion is detrimental to Pim1-overexpressing cells. Our finding was validated using shRNA or PLK1-specific inhibitor BI 2536. Xenograft studies were performed using both PLK1-knockdown cells and BI 2536 to investigate the effects of PLK1 inhibition on tumorigenesis in Pim1-overexpressing cells. Finally, PLK1 and PIM1 expression patterns in human prostate tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays.",
"We identified the mitotic regulator polo-like kinase (PLK1) as a gene whose depletion is particularly detrimental to the viability of Pim1-overexpressing prostate cancer. Inhibition of PLK1 by shRNA or BI 2536 in Pim1-overexpressing prostate cancer xenograft models resulted in a dramatic inhibition of tumor progression. Notably, Pim1-overexpressing cells were more prone to mitotic arrest followed by apoptosis due to PLK1 inhibition than control cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PLK1 led to the reduction of MYC protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. Our data also suggest that PIM1 and PLK1 physically interact and PIM1 might phosphorylate PLK1. Finally, PLK1 and PIM1 are frequently co-expressed in human prostate tumors, and co-expression of PLK1 and PIM1 was significantly correlated to higher Gleason grades."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Cycle Proteins",
"Fluorescent Antibody Technique",
"Humans",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Immunoprecipitation",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Nude",
"Mitosis",
"Neoplasm Grading",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1",
"RNA Interference",
"RNA, Small Interfering",
"Tissue Array Analysis",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured",
"Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays"
]
} | Our findings demonstrate that PIM1-overexpressing cancer cells are particularly sensitive to PLK1 inhibition, suggesting that PIM1 might be used as a marker for identifying patients who will benefit from PLK1 inhibitor treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does rNAi screen identify a synthetic lethal interaction between PIM1 overexpression and PLK1 inhibition?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To identify genes whose depletion is detrimental to Pim1-overexpressing prostate cancer cells and to validate this finding in vitro and in vivo.', 'RNAi screening was used to identify genes whose depletion is detrimental to Pim1-overexpressing cells. Our finding was validated using shRNA or PLK1-specific inhibitor BI 2536. Xenograft studies were performed using both PLK1-knockdown cells and BI 2536 to investigate the effects of PLK1 inhibition on tumorigenesis in Pim1-overexpressing cells. Finally, PLK1 and PIM1 expression patterns in human prostate tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays.', 'We identified the mitotic regulator polo-like kinase (PLK1) as a gene whose depletion is particularly detrimental to the viability of Pim1-overexpressing prostate cancer. Inhibition of PLK1 by shRNA or BI 2536 in Pim1-overexpressing prostate cancer xenograft models resulted in a dramatic inhibition of tumor progression. Notably, Pim1-overexpressing cells were more prone to mitotic arrest followed by apoptosis due to PLK1 inhibition than control cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PLK1 led to the reduction of MYC protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. Our data also suggest that PIM1 and PLK1 physically interact and PIM1 might phosphorylate PLK1. Finally, PLK1 and PIM1 are frequently co-expressed in human prostate tumors, and co-expression of PLK1 and PIM1 was significantly correlated to higher Gleason grades.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Cycle Proteins', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Mitosis', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1', 'RNA Interference', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Tissue Array Analysis', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,777,737 | Do ramp-incremented and RPE-clamped test protocols elicit similar VO2max values in trained cyclists? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study compared the efficacy of ramp incremented and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)-clamped test protocols for eliciting maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).",
"Sixteen trained cyclists (age 34 ± 7 years) performed a ramp-incremented protocol and an RPE-clamped protocol 1 week apart in a randomized, counterbalanced order. The RPE-clamped protocol consisted of five, 2-min stages where subjects self-selected work rate and pedal cadence to maintain the prescribed RPE. After completing both test protocols subjects were asked which they preferred.",
"The mean ± SD test time of 568 ± 72 s in the ramp protocol was not significantly different to the 600 ± 0 s in the RPE-clamped protocol (mean difference = 32 s; p = 0.09), or was the VO2max of 3.86 ± 0.73 L min(-1) in the ramp protocol significantly different to the 3.87 ± 0.72 L min(-1) in the RPE-clamped protocol (mean difference = 0.002 L min(-1); p = 0.97). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed for peak power output (p = 0.21), maximal minute ventilation (p = 0.97), maximal respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.09), maximal heart rate (p = 0.51), and post-test blood lactate concentration (p = 0.58). The VO2max attained in the preferred protocol was significantly higher than the non-preferred protocol (mean difference = 0.14 L min(-1); p = 0.03)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Anaerobic Threshold",
"Athletes",
"Bicycling",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Physical Exertion"
]
} | The RPE-clamped test protocol was as effective as the ramp-incremented protocol for eliciting VO2max and could be considered as a valid alternative protocol, particularly where a fixed test duration is desirable. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do ramp-incremented and RPE-clamped test protocols elicit similar VO2max values in trained cyclists?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The present study compared the efficacy of ramp incremented and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)-clamped test protocols for eliciting maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).', 'Sixteen trained cyclists (age 34 ± 7 years) performed a ramp-incremented protocol and an RPE-clamped protocol 1 week apart in a randomized, counterbalanced order. The RPE-clamped protocol consisted of five, 2-min stages where subjects self-selected work rate and pedal cadence to maintain the prescribed RPE. After completing both test protocols subjects were asked which they preferred.', 'The mean ± SD test time of 568 ± 72 s in the ramp protocol was not significantly different to the 600 ± 0 s in the RPE-clamped protocol (mean difference = 32 s; p = 0.09), or was the VO2max of 3.86 ± 0.73 L min(-1) in the ramp protocol significantly different to the 3.87 ± 0.72 L min(-1) in the RPE-clamped protocol (mean difference = 0.002 L min(-1); p = 0.97). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed for peak power output (p = 0.21), maximal minute ventilation (p = 0.97), maximal respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.09), maximal heart rate (p = 0.51), and post-test blood lactate concentration (p = 0.58). The VO2max attained in the preferred protocol was significantly higher than the non-preferred protocol (mean difference = 0.14 L min(-1); p = 0.03).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Anaerobic Threshold', 'Athletes', 'Bicycling', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Physical Exertion']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,748,587 | Does caregiver Quality of Life be Related to Severity of Otitis Media in Children? | {
"contexts": [
"Otitis media (OM) in children is the most frequent reason for physician visits in developed countries and burdens caregivers, society, and the child. Our objective was to describe the impact of OM severity on parent/caregiver quality of life (QoL).",
"Multi-institutional prospective cross-sectional study.",
"Otolaryngology, family, and pediatric practices.",
"Children 6 to 24 months old with and without a primary diagnosis of recurrent OM and their caregivers. Physicians provided patient history, and parents/caregivers completed a Family Information Form, the PedsQL Family Impact survey, the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) survey, and the OM 6-item severity survey (OM-6).",
"A total of 2413 subjects were enrolled and data from 1208 patients and physician were analyzed. The average child age was 16 months, and 54% were male. The mean OM-6 score was 3.2. The mean PedsQL Family Impact score for parents was 66.9 from otolaryngology sites and 78.8 from pediatrics/family practice sites (P < .001). Higher (worse) OM-6 scores correlated significantly with worse PedsQL Family Impact scores (Pearson r = -0.512, P < .01). Similarly, increasing OM-6 scores strongly correlated with increased parental anxiety, depression, and fatigue, as well as decreased satisfaction (all P < .01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activities of Daily Living",
"Adult",
"Caregivers",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Male",
"Middle Ear Ventilation",
"Otitis Media",
"Prospective Studies",
"Quality of Life",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Worse PedsQL Family Impact and PROMIS scores were highly correlated with elevated OM-6 scores, suggesting that severity of childhood OM significantly affects parent/caregiver QoL. Understanding the impact of a child's illness on parent/caregiver QoL can help physicians counsel patients and families and provide better family-centered, compassionate care. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does caregiver Quality of Life be Related to Severity of Otitis Media in Children?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Otitis media (OM) in children is the most frequent reason for physician visits in developed countries and burdens caregivers, society, and the child. Our objective was to describe the impact of OM severity on parent/caregiver quality of life (QoL).', 'Multi-institutional prospective cross-sectional study.', 'Otolaryngology, family, and pediatric practices.', 'Children 6 to 24 months old with and without a primary diagnosis of recurrent OM and their caregivers. Physicians provided patient history, and parents/caregivers completed a Family Information Form, the PedsQL Family Impact survey, the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) survey, and the OM 6-item severity survey (OM-6).', 'A total of 2413 subjects were enrolled and data from 1208 patients and physician were analyzed. The average child age was 16 months, and 54% were male. The mean OM-6 score was 3.2. The mean PedsQL Family Impact score for parents was 66.9 from otolaryngology sites and 78.8 from pediatrics/family practice sites (P < .001). Higher (worse) OM-6 scores correlated significantly with worse PedsQL Family Impact scores (Pearson r = -0.512, P < .01). Similarly, increasing OM-6 scores strongly correlated with increased parental anxiety, depression, and fatigue, as well as decreased satisfaction (all P < .01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Caregivers', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Ear Ventilation', 'Otitis Media', 'Prospective Studies', 'Quality of Life', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,751,531 | Are perioperative complications after hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty equivalent? | {
"contexts": [
"Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) results in superior clinical outcomes to hemiarthroplasty (HA); however, TSA is a more technical and invasive procedure. This study retrospectively compares perioperative complications after HA and TSA using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.",
"The NSQIP user file was queried for HA and TSA cases from the years 2005 through 2010. Major complications were defined as life-threatening or debilitating. All complications occurred within 30 days of the initial procedure. We performed multivariate analysis to compare complication rates between the two procedures, controlling for patient comorbidities.",
"The database returned 1,718 patients (HA in 30.4% [n = 523] and TSA in 69.6% [n = 1,195]). The major complication rates in the HA group (5.2%, n = 29) and TSA group (5.1%, n = 61) were similar (P = .706). Rates of blood transfusions for postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing HA (2.3%, n = 12) and TSA (2.9%, n = 35) were indistinguishable (P = .458). Venous thromboembolism was a rare complication, occurring in 0.4% of patients in each group (2 HA patients and 5 TSA patients, P > .999). On multivariate analysis, the operative procedure was not associated with major complications (P = .349); however, emergency case, pulmonary comorbidity, anemia with a hematocrit level lower than 36%, and wound class of III or IV increased the risk of a major complication (P < .05 for all)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Arthroplasty, Replacement",
"Cohort Studies",
"Databases, Factual",
"Female",
"Hemiarthroplasty",
"Humans",
"Joint Diseases",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Shoulder Joint",
"United States"
]
} | Multivariate analysis of patients undergoing TSA or HA in the NSQIP database suggests that patient factors-not the procedure being performed-are significant predictors of major complications. Controlling for patient comorbidities, we found no increased risk of perioperative major complications in patients undergoing TSA compared with HA. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are perioperative complications after hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty equivalent?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) results in superior clinical outcomes to hemiarthroplasty (HA); however, TSA is a more technical and invasive procedure. This study retrospectively compares perioperative complications after HA and TSA using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database.', 'The NSQIP user file was queried for HA and TSA cases from the years 2005 through 2010. Major complications were defined as life-threatening or debilitating. All complications occurred within 30 days of the initial procedure. We performed multivariate analysis to compare complication rates between the two procedures, controlling for patient comorbidities.', 'The database returned 1,718 patients (HA in 30.4% [n = 523] and TSA in 69.6% [n = 1,195]). The major complication rates in the HA group (5.2%, n = 29) and TSA group (5.1%, n = 61) were similar (P = .706). Rates of blood transfusions for postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing HA (2.3%, n = 12) and TSA (2.9%, n = 35) were indistinguishable (P = .458). Venous thromboembolism was a rare complication, occurring in 0.4% of patients in each group (2 HA patients and 5 TSA patients, P > .999). On multivariate analysis, the operative procedure was not associated with major complications (P = .349); however, emergency case, pulmonary comorbidity, anemia with a hematocrit level lower than 36%, and wound class of III or IV increased the risk of a major complication (P < .05 for all).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Arthroplasty, Replacement', 'Cohort Studies', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Hemiarthroplasty', 'Humans', 'Joint Diseases', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Shoulder Joint', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,762,943 | Are action potentials in retinal ganglion cells initiated at the site of maximal curvature of the extracellular potential? | {
"contexts": [
"The initiation of an action potential by extracellular stimulation occurs after local depolarization of the neuronal membrane above threshold. Although the technique shows remarkable clinical success, the site of action and the relevant stimulation parameters are not completely understood.",
"Here we identify the site of action potential initiation in rabbit retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) interfaced to an array of extracellular capacitive stimulation electrodes. We determine which feature of the extracellular potential governs action potential initiation by simultaneous stimulation and recording RGCs interfaced in epiretinal configuration. Stimulation electrodes were combined to areas of different size and were presented at different positions with respect to the RGC.",
"Based on stimulation by electrodes beneath the RGC soma and simultaneous sub-millisecond latency measurement we infer axonal initiation at the site of maximal curvature of the extracellular potential. Stimulation by electrodes at different positions along the axon reveals a nearly constant threshold current density except for a narrow region close to the cell soma. These findings are explained by the concept of the activating function modified to consider a region of lower excitability close to the cell soma."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Action Potentials",
"Algorithms",
"Animals",
"Cell Membrane",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Differential Threshold",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Membrane Potentials",
"Rabbits",
"Retinal Ganglion Cells"
]
} | We present a framework how to estimate the site of action potential initiation and the stimulus required to cross threshold in neurons tightly interfaced to capacitive stimulation electrodes. Our results underscore the necessity of rigorous electrical characterization of the stimulation electrodes and of the interfaced neural tissue. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are action potentials in retinal ganglion cells initiated at the site of maximal curvature of the extracellular potential?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The initiation of an action potential by extracellular stimulation occurs after local depolarization of the neuronal membrane above threshold. Although the technique shows remarkable clinical success, the site of action and the relevant stimulation parameters are not completely understood.', 'Here we identify the site of action potential initiation in rabbit retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) interfaced to an array of extracellular capacitive stimulation electrodes. We determine which feature of the extracellular potential governs action potential initiation by simultaneous stimulation and recording RGCs interfaced in epiretinal configuration. Stimulation electrodes were combined to areas of different size and were presented at different positions with respect to the RGC.', 'Based on stimulation by electrodes beneath the RGC soma and simultaneous sub-millisecond latency measurement we infer axonal initiation at the site of maximal curvature of the extracellular potential. Stimulation by electrodes at different positions along the axon reveals a nearly constant threshold current density except for a narrow region close to the cell soma. These findings are explained by the concept of the activating function modified to consider a region of lower excitability close to the cell soma.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Action Potentials', 'Algorithms', 'Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Differential Threshold', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Rabbits', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,766,747 | Are vitamin D deficiency in community-acquired pneumonia : low levels of 1,25 ( OH ) 2 D associated with disease severity? | {
"contexts": [
"We aimed to explore the association between vitamin D levels and the severity, mortality and microbiological etiology of community-acquired pneumonia.",
"Vitamin D levels (both, the reservoir form 25-OH and the activated form 1,25-OH2) of 300 randomly selected patients with community-acquired pneumonia due to pre-specified pathogens included in the German competence network (CAPNETZ) study were measured. Prior to statistical analysis, values of 25-OH and 1,25-OH2 were power-transformed to achieve parametric distribution. All further analyses were performed with seasonally and age adjusted values.",
"There was only a modest (Spearman Coefficient 0.38) positive correlation between 25-OH and 1,25-OH2. For 1,25-OH2 but not 25-OH, the general linear model revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum concentration and CURB score (p = 0.011). Liver and respiratory co-morbidity were associated with significantly lower 25-OH values and renal co-morbidity with significantly lower 1,25-OH2 values. No significant differences of 1,25-OH2 or 25-OH between different pathogens (influenza virus, Legionella spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae) were detected."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Biomarkers",
"Cohort Studies",
"Community-Acquired Infections",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Dihydrotachysterol",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pneumonia",
"Prospective Studies",
"Seasons",
"Severity of Illness Index",
"Vitamin D",
"Vitamin D Deficiency"
]
} | For 1,25-OH2, we found a significant and independent (controlled for age, season and pathogen) negative correlation to pneumonia severity. Therefore, supplementation of non-activated vitamin D to protect from pneumonia may be non-sufficient in patients that have a decreased capacity to hydroxylate 25-OH to 1,25-OH2. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are vitamin D deficiency in community-acquired pneumonia : low levels of 1,25 ( OH ) 2 D associated with disease severity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We aimed to explore the association between vitamin D levels and the severity, mortality and microbiological etiology of community-acquired pneumonia.', 'Vitamin D levels (both, the reservoir form 25-OH and the activated form 1,25-OH2) of 300 randomly selected patients with community-acquired pneumonia due to pre-specified pathogens included in the German competence network (CAPNETZ) study were measured. Prior to statistical analysis, values of 25-OH and 1,25-OH2 were power-transformed to achieve parametric distribution. All further analyses were performed with seasonally and age adjusted values.', 'There was only a modest (Spearman Coefficient 0.38) positive correlation between 25-OH and 1,25-OH2. For 1,25-OH2 but not 25-OH, the general linear model revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum concentration and CURB score (p\\u2009=\\u20090.011). Liver and respiratory co-morbidity were associated with significantly lower 25-OH values and renal co-morbidity with significantly lower 1,25-OH2 values. No significant differences of 1,25-OH2 or 25-OH between different pathogens (influenza virus, Legionella spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae) were detected.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Cohort Studies', 'Community-Acquired Infections', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dihydrotachysterol', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonia', 'Prospective Studies', 'Seasons', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Vitamin D', 'Vitamin D Deficiency']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,774,474 | Are most domains of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 reliable? | {
"contexts": [
"The study's aim was to assess the internal reliability for the nine domains of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) to evaluate homogeneity across clinical studies and whether sample characteristics predict coefficient heterogeneity.",
"A systematic literature review was undertaken. Internal reliability was assessed against Cronbach α coefficient >0.70. Reliability generalization was undertaken using fixed- and random-effects models. A weighted least squares regression model was applied to determine whether baseline sample characteristics (language, percentage of women, sample size, sample means and standard deviations, and cancer type) predicted variation in α coefficients.",
"A total of 33 studies were identified. Eight domains demonstrated good internal reliability (unweighted/weighted by sample variance). One domain, Cognitive Functioning, consistently performed poorly. In terms of moderating variables, none of the sample characteristic variables explained sample variance for the Physical or Role Functioning domains. For the other domains, language, percentage of women, and sample means and variances accounted for some of the heterogeneity observed."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Activities of Daily Living",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Language",
"Least-Squares Analysis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasms",
"Psychometrics",
"Quality of Life",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Most domains on the EORTC QLQ-C30 are reliable and may therefore be used to help inform decision-making processes, such as those involving individual patients. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are most domains of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 reliable?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The study's aim was to assess the internal reliability for the nine domains of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) to evaluate homogeneity across clinical studies and whether sample characteristics predict coefficient heterogeneity.\", 'A systematic literature review was undertaken. Internal reliability was assessed against Cronbach α coefficient >0.70. Reliability generalization was undertaken using fixed- and random-effects models. A weighted least squares regression model was applied to determine whether baseline sample characteristics (language, percentage of women, sample size, sample means and standard deviations, and cancer type) predicted variation in α coefficients.', 'A total of 33 studies were identified. Eight domains demonstrated good internal reliability (unweighted/weighted by sample variance). One domain, Cognitive Functioning, consistently performed poorly. In terms of moderating variables, none of the sample characteristic variables explained sample variance for the Physical or Role Functioning domains. For the other domains, language, percentage of women, and sample means and variances accounted for some of the heterogeneity observed.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Activities of Daily Living', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Language', 'Least-Squares Analysis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Psychometrics', 'Quality of Life', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,755,031 | Does spanish adaptation of the internal functioning of the Work team Scale ( QFI-22 )? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this article is to develop the Spanish adaptation of the internal functioning of Work Teams Scale (QFI-22).",
"The scale was adapted from the French version, and was applied to a sample of 1,055 employees working for firms operating in Spain. The article analyses the internal structure (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and internal consistency, and provides convergent validity evidence of the scale.",
"The QFI-22 scale shows the same internal structure as the original. Factor analysis confirmed the existence of two factors: interpersonal support and team work management, with good internal consistency coefficients (α1 = .93, α2 = .92). Regarding validity evidence, the QFI-22 scale has significant correlations with other correlates and alternative scales used for comparison purposes. The two factors correlated positively with team vision, participation safety, task orientation and support for innovation (Team Climate Inventory, TCI scale), with progressive culture (Organisational Culture, X-Y scale), and with creating change, customer focus and organisational learning (Denison Organizational Culture Survey, DOCS scale). In contrast, the two factors correlated negatively with traditional culture (X-Y scale)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administrative Personnel",
"Adult",
"Commerce",
"Cooperative Behavior",
"Educational Status",
"Efficiency",
"Factor Analysis, Statistical",
"Female",
"Group Processes",
"Humans",
"Interprofessional Relations",
"Language",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Occupational Health",
"Organizational Culture",
"Organizational Innovation",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Spain",
"Work",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The QFI-22 scale is a useful instrument for assessing the internal functioning of work teams. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does spanish adaptation of the internal functioning of the Work team Scale ( QFI-22 )?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this article is to develop the Spanish adaptation of the internal functioning of Work Teams Scale (QFI-22).', 'The scale was adapted from the French version, and was applied to a sample of 1,055 employees working for firms operating in Spain. The article analyses the internal structure (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and internal consistency, and provides convergent validity evidence of the scale.', 'The QFI-22 scale shows the same internal structure as the original. Factor analysis confirmed the existence of two factors: interpersonal support and team work management, with good internal consistency coefficients (α1 = .93, α2 = .92). Regarding validity evidence, the QFI-22 scale has significant correlations with other correlates and alternative scales used for comparison purposes. The two factors correlated positively with team vision, participation safety, task orientation and support for innovation (Team Climate Inventory, TCI scale), with progressive culture (Organisational Culture, X-Y scale), and with creating change, customer focus and organisational learning (Denison Organizational Culture Survey, DOCS scale). In contrast, the two factors correlated negatively with traditional culture (X-Y scale).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administrative Personnel', 'Adult', 'Commerce', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Educational Status', 'Efficiency', 'Factor Analysis, Statistical', 'Female', 'Group Processes', 'Humans', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Language', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Occupational Health', 'Organizational Culture', 'Organizational Innovation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Spain', 'Work', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,759,203 | Is image more than a uniform : the promise of assurance? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning of the phrase \"image of the nurse\" in the context of the desired brand experience of assurance.",
"A brand is a promise that lives in the minds of consumers. Nurses play a key role in delivering on the brand promise of a hospital.",
"Using focus groups, the authors applied a deductive approach to generate data. Discussion transcripts were analyzed by establishing codes and identifying themes.",
"The most frequent comment from participants was that for nurses to communicate assurance, they must 1st be clean, well groomed, and understated in overall appearance. Nurse behaviors that reassure patients include being present with patients, helping patients know what to expect, and demonstrating a consistent team approach."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Attitude to Health",
"Clothing",
"Communication",
"Female",
"Focus Groups",
"Humans",
"Hygiene",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nurse-Patient Relations",
"Nurses",
"Qualitative Research",
"Quality of Health Care",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Overall appearance and behaviors define the image of nurses and contribute significantly to the brand of assurance. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is image more than a uniform : the promise of assurance?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning of the phrase \"image of the nurse\" in the context of the desired brand experience of assurance.', 'A brand is a promise that lives in the minds of consumers. Nurses play a key role in delivering on the brand promise of a hospital.', 'Using focus groups, the authors applied a deductive approach to generate data. Discussion transcripts were analyzed by establishing codes and identifying themes.', 'The most frequent comment from participants was that for nurses to communicate assurance, they must 1st be clean, well groomed, and understated in overall appearance. Nurse behaviors that reassure patients include being present with patients, helping patients know what to expect, and demonstrating a consistent team approach.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Clothing', 'Communication', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Humans', 'Hygiene', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nurse-Patient Relations', 'Nurses', 'Qualitative Research', 'Quality of Health Care', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,759,208 | Do physiologic doses of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate increase acute plasma simian HIV viremia or mucosal virus shedding in pigtail macaques? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidemiologic studies remain inconclusive on whether the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) increases mucosal HIV shedding and transmissibility. Nonhuman primate models may help to determine the effects of DMPA on acute HIV replication.",
"We defined a physiologic dose of DMPA in macaques and assessed the impact of DMPA on acute simian HIV (SHIV) replication.",
"Pigtail macaques received 1-30 mg of DMPA intramuscularly followed by measurements of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Vaginal epithelial thickness, number of cell layers and density of intraepithelial CD3 cells were measured. The effect of DMPA on SHIV viremia and genital virus shedding was investigated in six pigtail macaques infected during monthly treatment cycles with 3 mg DMPA. Six DMPA-untreated macaques were controls.",
"Plasma MPA concentrations directly correlated with changes in epithelial thickness (correlation = 0.84; P < 0.001) and density of intraepithelial CD3 cells (correlation = 0.41; P = 0.02). A 3 mg DMPA dose recapitulated plasma MPA concentrations and changes in vaginal epithelial thickness seen in women. DMPA-treated and untreated macaques showed similar peak plasma viremia and RNA area under the curve values over 12 weeks (P = 0.94), although treated macaques had higher odds of having virus being detected in plasma (odds ratio 6.6, P = 0.02). Rectal and vaginal virus shedding was similar between treated and untreated macaques (P = 0.72 and P = 0.53, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Contraceptive Agents, Female",
"Female",
"Macaca nemestrina",
"Medroxyprogesterone Acetate",
"Mucous Membrane",
"Plasma",
"RNA, Viral",
"Simian Immunodeficiency Virus",
"Viremia",
"Virus Shedding"
]
} | In this pigtail macaque model of DMPA and vaginal SHIV infection, we found little or no effect of DMPA on plasma viremia and mucosal virus shedding during acute infection. These results do not support a role of DMPA in increasing mucosal HIV shedding. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do physiologic doses of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate increase acute plasma simian HIV viremia or mucosal virus shedding in pigtail macaques?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Epidemiologic studies remain inconclusive on whether the injectable contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) increases mucosal HIV shedding and transmissibility. Nonhuman primate models may help to determine the effects of DMPA on acute HIV replication.', 'We defined a physiologic dose of DMPA in macaques and assessed the impact of DMPA on acute simian HIV (SHIV) replication.', 'Pigtail macaques received 1-30 \\u200amg of DMPA intramuscularly followed by measurements of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Vaginal epithelial thickness, number of cell layers and density of intraepithelial CD3 cells were measured. The effect of DMPA on SHIV viremia and genital virus shedding was investigated in six pigtail macaques infected during monthly treatment cycles with 3 \\u200amg DMPA. Six DMPA-untreated macaques were controls.', 'Plasma MPA concentrations directly correlated with changes in epithelial thickness (correlation = 0.84; P < 0.001) and density of intraepithelial CD3 cells (correlation = 0.41; P = 0.02). A 3 mg DMPA dose recapitulated plasma MPA concentrations and changes in vaginal epithelial thickness seen in women. DMPA-treated and untreated macaques showed similar peak plasma viremia and RNA area under the curve values over 12 weeks (P = 0.94), although treated macaques had higher odds of having virus being detected in plasma (odds ratio 6.6, P = 0.02). Rectal and vaginal virus shedding was similar between treated and untreated macaques (P \\u200a= 0.72 and P = 0.53, respectively).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Contraceptive Agents, Female', 'Female', 'Macaca nemestrina', 'Medroxyprogesterone Acetate', 'Mucous Membrane', 'Plasma', 'RNA, Viral', 'Simian Immunodeficiency Virus', 'Viremia', 'Virus Shedding']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
24,755,923 | Are haemorrhoids associated with internal iliac vein reflux in up to one-third of women presenting with varicose veins associated with pelvic vein reflux? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the prevalence of haemorrhoids in women with pelvic vein reflux, identify which pelvic veins are associated with haemorrhoids and assess if extent of pelvic vein reflux influences the prevalence of haemorrhoids.",
"Females presenting with leg varicose veins undergo duplex ultrasonography to assess all sources of venous reflux. Those with significant reflux arising from the pelvis are offered transvaginal duplex ultrasound (TVS) to evaluate reflux in the ovarian veins and internal Iliac veins and associated pelvic varices in the adnexa, vulvar/labial veins and haemorrhoids. Patterns and severity of reflux were evaluated.",
"Between January 2010 and December 2012, 419 female patients with leg or vulvar varicose vein patterns arising from the pelvis underwent TVS. Haemorrhoids were identified on TVS via direct tributaries from the internal Iliac veins in 152/419 patients (36.3%) and absent in 267/419 (63.7%). The prevalence of the condition increased with the number of pelvic trunks involved."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Female",
"Hemorrhoids",
"Humans",
"Iliac Vein",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Ultrasonography",
"Varicose Veins"
]
} | There is a strong association between haemorrhoids and internal Iliac vein reflux. Untreated reflux may be a cause of subsequent symptomatic haemorrhoids. Treatment with methods proven to work in conditions caused by pelvic vein incompetence, such as pelvic vein embolisation and foam sclerotherapy, could be considered. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are haemorrhoids associated with internal iliac vein reflux in up to one-third of women presenting with varicose veins associated with pelvic vein reflux?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the prevalence of haemorrhoids in women with pelvic vein reflux, identify which pelvic veins are associated with haemorrhoids and assess if extent of pelvic vein reflux influences the prevalence of haemorrhoids.', 'Females presenting with leg varicose veins undergo duplex ultrasonography to assess all sources of venous reflux. Those with significant reflux arising from the pelvis are offered transvaginal duplex ultrasound (TVS) to evaluate reflux in the ovarian veins and internal Iliac veins and associated pelvic varices in the adnexa, vulvar/labial veins and haemorrhoids. Patterns and severity of reflux were evaluated.', 'Between January 2010 and December 2012, 419 female patients with leg or vulvar varicose vein patterns arising from the pelvis underwent TVS. Haemorrhoids were identified on TVS via direct tributaries from the internal Iliac veins in 152/419 patients (36.3%) and absent in 267/419 (63.7%). The prevalence of the condition increased with the number of pelvic trunks involved.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Hemorrhoids', 'Humans', 'Iliac Vein', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ultrasonography', 'Varicose Veins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,749,363 | Does [ REGgamma promote malignant behaviors of lung cancer cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the expression of proteasome aotivator gamma (REGgamma) in human lung cancer tissues and cell lines and its association with malignant biological behaviors.",
"Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of REGgamma in lung cancer and normal lung tissues. The expressions of REGgamma in lung cancer cells and normal epithelial cells were determined by Western blot. The H1975 lung cancer stable cell lines with different levels of REGgamma expression were constructed and their proliferations were evaluated by MTT assay. PI staining was used to assess the influence of REGgamma on cell growth cycle. The effect of REGgamma on the migration of lung cancer cells were observed with the cell scratch experiment.",
"Lung cancer tissues had significantly higher levels of REGgamma expression than normal tissues. Similarly, lung cancer cell lines showed higher levels of REGgamma expression than the normal epithelial cell line. The overexpression of REGgamma enhanced cancer cell proliferations (P < 0.05), promoted more cells into the S+G2/M phase (P < 0.05) and promoted the migration of cancer cells (P < 0.05). All of these effects were reversed after suppression of REGgamma."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Autoantigens",
"Blotting, Western",
"Cell Cycle",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex"
]
} | REGgamma facilitates malignant biological behaviors of lung cancers. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ REGgamma promote malignant behaviors of lung cancer cells ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the expression of proteasome aotivator gamma (REGgamma) in human lung cancer tissues and cell lines and its association with malignant biological behaviors.', 'Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of REGgamma in lung cancer and normal lung tissues. The expressions of REGgamma in lung cancer cells and normal epithelial cells were determined by Western blot. The H1975 lung cancer stable cell lines with different levels of REGgamma expression were constructed and their proliferations were evaluated by MTT assay. PI staining was used to assess the influence of REGgamma on cell growth cycle. The effect of REGgamma on the migration of lung cancer cells were observed with the cell scratch experiment.', 'Lung cancer tissues had significantly higher levels of REGgamma expression than normal tissues. Similarly, lung cancer cell lines showed higher levels of REGgamma expression than the normal epithelial cell line. The overexpression of REGgamma enhanced cancer cell proliferations (P < 0.05), promoted more cells into the S+G2/M phase (P < 0.05) and promoted the migration of cancer cells (P < 0.05). All of these effects were reversed after suppression of REGgamma.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Autoantigens', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,748,402 | Does the mu opioid receptor activation affect ischemia-induced agonal currents in rat spinal ventral horn? | {
"contexts": [
"Opioid-induced spastic paraplegia after transient spinal cord ischemia during aortic surgery has been reported. Opioids modulate neurotransmission through mu (μ) opioid receptors (MORs) in the spinal ventral horn. However, their effects during ischemic insult are not understood.",
"The effects of the selective μ agonist [D-Ala(2),-N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) on ischemia-induced agonal currents were examined in the spinal lamina IX neurons of neonatal rats by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Ischemia was simulated in vitro by oxygen/glucose deprivation.",
"DAMGO (1 μM) produced outward currents in ~60% of spinal lamina IX neurons at a holding potential of -70 mV. Superfusion with ischemia-simulating medium elicited an agonal current. The latency was 457 ± 18 s. Despite its neuromodulatory effects, DAMGO did not significantly change the latencies of the agonal currents with (440 ± 23 s) or without (454 ± 33 s) DAMGO-induced currents."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-",
"Neurons",
"Patch-Clamp Techniques",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Receptors, Opioid, mu",
"Spinal Cord Ischemia",
"Synaptic Transmission"
]
} | Activation of MORs does not influence ongoing ischemia-induced neuronal death. Our findings indicate that MOR agonist administration should be suitable as an anesthetic during aortic surgery. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the mu opioid receptor activation affect ischemia-induced agonal currents in rat spinal ventral horn?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Opioid-induced spastic paraplegia after transient spinal cord ischemia during aortic surgery has been reported. Opioids modulate neurotransmission through mu (μ) opioid receptors (MORs) in the spinal ventral horn. However, their effects during ischemic insult are not understood.', 'The effects of the selective μ agonist [D-Ala(2),-N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) on ischemia-induced agonal currents were examined in the spinal lamina IX neurons of neonatal rats by using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Ischemia was simulated in vitro by oxygen/glucose deprivation.', 'DAMGO (1 μM) produced outward currents in ~60% of spinal lamina IX neurons at a holding potential of -70 mV. Superfusion with ischemia-simulating medium elicited an agonal current. The latency was 457 ± 18 s. Despite its neuromodulatory effects, DAMGO did not significantly change the latencies of the agonal currents with (440 ± 23 s) or without (454 ± 33 s) DAMGO-induced currents.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Analgesics, Opioid', 'Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-', 'Neurons', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptors, Opioid, mu', 'Spinal Cord Ischemia', 'Synaptic Transmission']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
24,768,598 | Does improving search over Electronic Health Records using UMLS-based query expansion through random walk? | {
"contexts": [
"Most of the information in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is represented in free textual form. Practitioners searching EHRs need to phrase their queries carefully, as the record might use synonyms or other related words. In this paper we show that an automatic query expansion method based on the Unified Medicine Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus improves the results of a robust baseline when searching EHRs.",
"The method uses a graph representation of the lexical units, concepts and relations in the UMLS Metathesaurus. It is based on random walks over the graph, which start on the query terms. Random walks are a well-studied discipline in both Web and Knowledge Base datasets.",
"Our experiments over the TREC Medical Record track show improvements in both the 2011 and 2012 datasets over a strong baseline."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Artificial Intelligence",
"Computer Simulation",
"Data Interpretation, Statistical",
"Data Mining",
"Electronic Health Records",
"Models, Statistical",
"Natural Language Processing",
"Pattern Recognition, Automated",
"Unified Medical Language System"
]
} | Our analysis shows that the success of our method is due to the automatic expansion of the query with extra terms, even when they are not directly related in the UMLS Metathesaurus. The terms added in the expansion go beyond simple synonyms, and also add other kinds of topically related terms. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does improving search over Electronic Health Records using UMLS-based query expansion through random walk?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Most of the information in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is represented in free textual form. Practitioners searching EHRs need to phrase their queries carefully, as the record might use synonyms or other related words. In this paper we show that an automatic query expansion method based on the Unified Medicine Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus improves the results of a robust baseline when searching EHRs.', 'The method uses a graph representation of the lexical units, concepts and relations in the UMLS Metathesaurus. It is based on random walks over the graph, which start on the query terms. Random walks are a well-studied discipline in both Web and Knowledge Base datasets.', 'Our experiments over the TREC Medical Record track show improvements in both the 2011 and 2012 datasets over a strong baseline.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Artificial Intelligence', 'Computer Simulation', 'Data Interpretation, Statistical', 'Data Mining', 'Electronic Health Records', 'Models, Statistical', 'Natural Language Processing', 'Pattern Recognition, Automated', 'Unified Medical Language System']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,755,661 | Does hospital Case Volume be Associated With Improved Survival for Patients With Metastatic Melanoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Hospital case volume has been shown to be a predictor of patient mortality for treatment for various cancers. The influence of hospital case volume on malignant melanoma survival and treatment utilization is unknown.",
"We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked databases to identify patients aged 65 years or older diagnosed with metastatic melanoma between 2000 and 2009. We analyzed claims data to ascertain cancer treatment variation by hospital case volume. Overall survival was evaluated using propensity score methods.",
"Among 1438 patients, 612 (42.6%) were treated in low-volume hospitals (≤5 patients) after receiving their diagnosis, 479 (33.3%) were treated in intermediate-volume hospitals (6 to 10 patients), and 347 (24.1%) were treated in high-volume hospitals (>10 patients). In Cox proportional hazards models, treatment in a high-volume hospital after propensity score adjustment was associated with a significant improvement in survival when adjusting for other characteristics (intermediate volume: hazard ratio [HR]=0.70, P=0.0007; high volume: HR=0.63, P<0.0001). Patients treated in high-volume hospitals were less likely to receive chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation therapy after a metastatic melanoma diagnosis."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Databases, Factual",
"Female",
"Hospitals, High-Volume",
"Hospitals, Low-Volume",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Medicare",
"Melanoma",
"Propensity Score",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Radiotherapy",
"SEER Program",
"Survival Rate",
"United States"
]
} | For patients diagnosed with metastatic melanoma, being treated in a high-volume hospital was associated with an improvement in survival and lower utilization of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hospital Case Volume be Associated With Improved Survival for Patients With Metastatic Melanoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hospital case volume has been shown to be a predictor of patient mortality for treatment for various cancers. The influence of hospital case volume on malignant melanoma survival and treatment utilization is unknown.', 'We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked databases to identify patients aged 65 years or older diagnosed with metastatic melanoma between 2000 and 2009. We analyzed claims data to ascertain cancer treatment variation by hospital case volume. Overall survival was evaluated using propensity score methods.', 'Among 1438 patients, 612 (42.6%) were treated in low-volume hospitals (≤5 patients) after receiving their diagnosis, 479 (33.3%) were treated in intermediate-volume hospitals (6 to 10 patients), and 347 (24.1%) were treated in high-volume hospitals (>10 patients). In Cox proportional hazards models, treatment in a high-volume hospital after propensity score adjustment was associated with a significant improvement in survival when adjusting for other characteristics (intermediate volume: hazard ratio [HR]=0.70, P=0.0007; high volume: HR=0.63, P<0.0001). Patients treated in high-volume hospitals were less likely to receive chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation therapy after a metastatic melanoma diagnosis.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Databases, Factual', 'Female', 'Hospitals, High-Volume', 'Hospitals, Low-Volume', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Medicare', 'Melanoma', 'Propensity Score', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Radiotherapy', 'SEER Program', 'Survival Rate', 'United States']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,769,178 | Is n-acetyl-l-methionine a superior protectant of human serum albumin against photo-oxidation and reactive oxygen species compared to N-acetyl-L-tryptophan? | {
"contexts": [
"Sodium octanoate (Oct) and N-acetyl-l-tryptophan (N-AcTrp) are widely used as stabilizers during pasteurization and storage of albumin products. However, exposure to light photo-degrades N-AcTrp with the formation of potentially toxic compounds. Therefore, we have examined the usefulness of N-acetyl-l-methionine (N-AcMet) in comparison with N-AcTrp for long-term stability, including photo stability, of albumin products.",
"Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) with and without additives was photo-irradiated for 4weeks. The capability of the different stabilizers to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined by ESR spectrometry. Carbonyl contents were assessed by a spectrophotometric method using fluoresceinamine and Western blotting, whereas the structure of rHSA was examined by SDS-PAGE, far-UV circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry. Binding was determined by ultrafiltration.",
"N-AcMet was found to be a superior ROS scavenger both before and after photo-irradiation. The number of carbonyl groups formed was lowest in the presence of N-AcMet. According to SDS-PAGE, N-AcMet stabilizes the monomeric form of rHSA, whereas N-AcTrp induces degradation of rHSA during photo-irradiation. The decrease in α-helical content of rHSA was the smallest in the presence of Oct, without or with N-AcMet. Photo-irradiation did not affect the denaturation temperature or calorimetric enthalpy of rHSA, when N-AcMet was present."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Free Radical Scavengers",
"Humans",
"Methionine",
"Oxidation-Reduction",
"Photochemical Processes",
"Protein Stability",
"Reactive Oxygen Species",
"Serum Albumin",
"Tryptophan"
]
} | The weakly bound N-AcMet is a superior protectant of albumin, because it is a better ROS-protector and structural stabilizer than N-AcTrp, and it is probable and also useful for other protein preparations. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is n-acetyl-l-methionine a superior protectant of human serum albumin against photo-oxidation and reactive oxygen species compared to N-acetyl-L-tryptophan?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Sodium octanoate (Oct) and N-acetyl-l-tryptophan (N-AcTrp) are widely used as stabilizers during pasteurization and storage of albumin products. However, exposure to light photo-degrades N-AcTrp with the formation of potentially toxic compounds. Therefore, we have examined the usefulness of N-acetyl-l-methionine (N-AcMet) in comparison with N-AcTrp for long-term stability, including photo stability, of albumin products.', 'Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) with and without additives was photo-irradiated for 4weeks. The capability of the different stabilizers to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined by ESR spectrometry. Carbonyl contents were assessed by a spectrophotometric method using fluoresceinamine and Western blotting, whereas the structure of rHSA was examined by SDS-PAGE, far-UV circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry. Binding was determined by ultrafiltration.', 'N-AcMet was found to be a superior ROS scavenger both before and after photo-irradiation. The number of carbonyl groups formed was lowest in the presence of N-AcMet. According to SDS-PAGE, N-AcMet stabilizes the monomeric form of rHSA, whereas N-AcTrp induces degradation of rHSA during photo-irradiation. The decrease in α-helical content of rHSA was the smallest in the presence of Oct, without or with N-AcMet. Photo-irradiation did not affect the denaturation temperature or calorimetric enthalpy of rHSA, when N-AcMet was present.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Free Radical Scavengers', 'Humans', 'Methionine', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Photochemical Processes', 'Protein Stability', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Serum Albumin', 'Tryptophan']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,761,785 | Is arecoline cytotoxic for human endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Oral submucous fibrosis is a pre-malignant fibrotic condition caused by areca nut use and involves reduced mucosal vascularity. Arecoline is the principal areca nut alkaloid and is cytotoxic for epithelium and fibroblasts. Endothelial cell cycle arrest is reported on exposure to arecoline, as is cytotoxicity for endothelial-lung carcinoma hybrid cells. We here describe cytotoxicity for primary human endothelial cultures from seven separate donors.",
"Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of arecoline and examined by: phase-contrast microscopy, haemocytometer counts, transmission electron microscopy, lactate dehydrogenase release and the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium assay.",
"Vacuolation and detachment of endothelium were observed at and above arecoline concentrations of 333 μg/ml or more. Ultrastructural features of cellular stress were seen after 24-h treatment with 111 μg/ml arecoline and included reduced ribosomal studding of endoplasmic reticulum, increased autophagolysosomal structures, increased vacuolation and reduced mitochondrial cristae with slight swelling. Similar changes were seen at 4 h with arecoline at 333 μg/ml or above, but with more severe mitochondrial changes including increased electron density of mitochondrial matrix and greater cristal swelling, while by 24 h, these cells were frankly necrotic. Haemocytometer counts were paralleled by both lactate dehydrogenase release and the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium assays."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Arecoline",
"Autophagy",
"Cell Count",
"Cell Culture Techniques",
"Cell Survival",
"Cholinergic Agonists",
"Coloring Agents",
"Endoplasmic Reticulum",
"Fibroblasts",
"Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells",
"Humans",
"L-Lactate Dehydrogenase",
"Microscopy, Electron, Transmission",
"Microscopy, Phase-Contrast",
"Mitochondria",
"Mitochondrial Size",
"Necrosis",
"Oral Submucous Fibrosis",
"Ribosomes",
"Tetrazolium Salts",
"Thiazoles",
"Time Factors",
"Vacuoles"
]
} | Arecoline is cytotoxic via necrosis for endothelium, while biochemical assays indicate no appreciable cellular leakage before death and detachment, as well as no clear effect on mitochondrial function in viable cells. Arecoline toxicity may thus contribute to reduced vascularity in oral submucous fibrosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is arecoline cytotoxic for human endothelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Oral submucous fibrosis is a pre-malignant fibrotic condition caused by areca nut use and involves reduced mucosal vascularity. Arecoline is the principal areca nut alkaloid and is cytotoxic for epithelium and fibroblasts. Endothelial cell cycle arrest is reported on exposure to arecoline, as is cytotoxicity for endothelial-lung carcinoma hybrid cells. We here describe cytotoxicity for primary human endothelial cultures from seven separate donors.', 'Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of arecoline and examined by: phase-contrast microscopy, haemocytometer counts, transmission electron microscopy, lactate dehydrogenase release and the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium assay.', 'Vacuolation and detachment of endothelium were observed at and above arecoline concentrations of 333\\xa0μg/ml or more. Ultrastructural features of cellular stress were seen after 24-h treatment with 111\\xa0μg/ml arecoline and included reduced ribosomal studding of endoplasmic reticulum, increased autophagolysosomal structures, increased vacuolation and reduced mitochondrial cristae with slight swelling. Similar changes were seen at 4\\xa0h with arecoline at 333\\xa0μg/ml or above, but with more severe mitochondrial changes including increased electron density of mitochondrial matrix and greater cristal swelling, while by 24\\xa0h, these cells were frankly necrotic. Haemocytometer counts were paralleled by both lactate dehydrogenase release and the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium assays.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Arecoline', 'Autophagy', 'Cell Count', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Survival', 'Cholinergic Agonists', 'Coloring Agents', 'Endoplasmic Reticulum', 'Fibroblasts', 'Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells', 'Humans', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Microscopy, Electron, Transmission', 'Microscopy, Phase-Contrast', 'Mitochondria', 'Mitochondrial Size', 'Necrosis', 'Oral Submucous Fibrosis', 'Ribosomes', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles', 'Time Factors', 'Vacuoles']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,755,140 | Do parents as moderators of longitudinal associations between sexual peer norms and Dutch adolescents ' sexual initiation and intention? | {
"contexts": [
"The present study investigated how parents and peers interact in promoting or delaying Dutch adolescents' sexual initiation and intention and focused specifically on parents as moderators of peer influence.",
"Using a longitudinal design, two waves of online questionnaire data were collected among 900 Dutch adolescents (M = 13.8 years at T1), who were sexually inexperienced at baseline. At T1, participants reported on three types of perceived sexual peer norms: friends' sexual behaviors (descriptive norms), friends' sexual attitudes (injunctive norms), and experienced peer pressure to have sex. They also rated two parenting aspects at T1: the general quality of their relationship with parents and the frequency of sexuality-specific communication with their parents. Six months later, the participants reported on their experience with different sexual behaviors ranging from naked touching or caressing to intercourse and their intention to have sex in the next school year.",
"Relationship quality with parents was significantly associated with both outcomes, with a higher relationship quality predicting smaller odds of sexual initiation and less intention to have sex. Two significant interaction effects showed that frequent sexual communication with parents significantly reduced the effects of sexually active friends and experienced peer pressure on adolescents' intention to have sex."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adolescent Behavior",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Male",
"Netherlands",
"Parent-Child Relations",
"Peer Group",
"Sexual Behavior",
"Surveys and Questionnaires"
]
} | Our findings show that different types of sexual peer norms and both general and sexuality-specific parenting play an important role in the early stages of Dutch adolescents' sexual trajectories. Moreover, parent-adolescent communication about sexuality can function as a buffer for the sex-stimulating effects of sexual peer norms. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do parents as moderators of longitudinal associations between sexual peer norms and Dutch adolescents ' sexual initiation and intention?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The present study investigated how parents and peers interact in promoting or delaying Dutch adolescents' sexual initiation and intention and focused specifically on parents as moderators of peer influence.\", \"Using a longitudinal design, two waves of online questionnaire data were collected among 900 Dutch adolescents (M = 13.8 years at T1), who were sexually inexperienced at baseline. At T1, participants reported on three types of perceived sexual peer norms: friends' sexual behaviors (descriptive norms), friends' sexual attitudes (injunctive norms), and experienced peer pressure to have sex. They also rated two parenting aspects at T1: the general quality of their relationship with parents and the frequency of sexuality-specific communication with their parents. Six months later, the participants reported on their experience with different sexual behaviors ranging from naked touching or caressing to intercourse and their intention to have sex in the next school year.\", \"Relationship quality with parents was significantly associated with both outcomes, with a higher relationship quality predicting smaller odds of sexual initiation and less intention to have sex. Two significant interaction effects showed that frequent sexual communication with parents significantly reduced the effects of sexually active friends and experienced peer pressure on adolescents' intention to have sex.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adolescent Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Netherlands', 'Parent-Child Relations', 'Peer Group', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,755,147 | Does bisphenol A increase atherosclerosis in pregnane X receptor-humanized ApoE deficient mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Bisphenol A (BPA) is a base chemical used extensively in many consumer products. BPA has recently been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in multiple large-scale human population studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We previously reported that BPA activates the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which acts as a xenobiotic sensor to regulate xenobiotic metabolism and has pro-atherogenic effects in animal models upon activation. Interestingly, BPA is a potent agonist of human PXR but does not activate mouse or rat PXR signaling, which confounds the use of rodent models to evaluate mechanisms of BPA-mediated CVD risk. This study aimed to investigate the atherogenic mechanism of BPA using a PXR-humanized mouse model.",
"A PXR-humanized ApoE deficient (huPXR•ApoE(-/-)) mouse line was generated that respond to human PXR ligands and feeding studies were performed to determine the effects of BPA exposure on atherosclerosis development. Exposure to BPA significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic root and brachiocephalic artery of huPXR•ApoE(-/-) mice by 104% (P<0.001) and 120% (P<0.05), respectively. By contrast, BPA did not affect atherosclerosis development in the control littermates without human PXR. BPA exposure did not affect plasma lipid levels but increased CD36 expression and lipid accumulation in macrophages of huPXR•ApoE(-/-) mice."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta",
"Apolipoproteins E",
"Atherosclerosis",
"Benzhydryl Compounds",
"Brachiocephalic Trunk",
"CD36 Antigens",
"Environmental Pollutants",
"Humans",
"Lipids",
"Macrophages",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Mice, Knockout",
"Mice, Transgenic",
"Phenols",
"Pregnane X Receptor",
"Receptors, Steroid",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | These findings identify a molecular mechanism that could link BPA exposure to increased risk of CVD in exposed individuals. PXR is therefore a relevant target for future risk assessment of BPA and related environmental chemicals in humans. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does bisphenol A increase atherosclerosis in pregnane X receptor-humanized ApoE deficient mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Bisphenol A (BPA) is a base chemical used extensively in many consumer products. BPA has recently been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in multiple large-scale human population studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We previously reported that BPA activates the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which acts as a xenobiotic sensor to regulate xenobiotic metabolism and has pro-atherogenic effects in animal models upon activation. Interestingly, BPA is a potent agonist of human PXR but does not activate mouse or rat PXR signaling, which confounds the use of rodent models to evaluate mechanisms of BPA-mediated CVD risk. This study aimed to investigate the atherogenic mechanism of BPA using a PXR-humanized mouse model.', 'A PXR-humanized ApoE deficient (huPXR•ApoE(-/-)) mouse line was generated that respond to human PXR ligands and feeding studies were performed to determine the effects of BPA exposure on atherosclerosis development. Exposure to BPA significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic root and brachiocephalic artery of huPXR•ApoE(-/-) mice by 104% (P<0.001) and 120% (P<0.05), respectively. By contrast, BPA did not affect atherosclerosis development in the control littermates without human PXR. BPA exposure did not affect plasma lipid levels but increased CD36 expression and lipid accumulation in macrophages of huPXR•ApoE(-/-) mice.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Apolipoproteins E', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Benzhydryl Compounds', 'Brachiocephalic Trunk', 'CD36 Antigens', 'Environmental Pollutants', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Phenols', 'Pregnane X Receptor', 'Receptors, Steroid', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,768,108 | Does lithium increase nitric oxide levels in subjects with bipolar disorder during depressive episodes? | {
"contexts": [
"Altered nitric oxide (NO) signaling has been associated with the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder (BD), directly affecting neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity cascades. Lithium has shown to regulate NO levels in preclinical models. However, no study has addressed peripheral NO levels in unmedicated BD. Also, lithium's effects on NO levels have not been studied in humans.",
"Plasma NO was evaluated in subjects with BD I and II during a depressive episode (n = 26). Subjects had a score of ≥18 in the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and were followed-up during a 6-week trial with lithium. Plasma NO levels were also compared to matched healthy controls (n = 28). NO was determined by chemiluminescence method.",
"Lithium treatment significantly increased plasma NO levels after 6 weeks of treatment in comparison to baseline levels in bipolar depression (p = 0.016). Baseline NO levels during depressive episodes showed no difference when matching up to healthy controls (p = 0.66)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antidepressive Agents",
"Bipolar Disorder",
"Depressive Disorder",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Lithium Carbonate",
"Luminescence",
"Male",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales"
]
} | The present findings suggest that lithium upregulates NO signaling in unmedicated BD with short illness duration. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the effects of lithium on NO pathway and its association with synaptic plasticity and therapeutics of BD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does lithium increase nitric oxide levels in subjects with bipolar disorder during depressive episodes?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Altered nitric oxide (NO) signaling has been associated with the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder (BD), directly affecting neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity cascades. Lithium has shown to regulate NO levels in preclinical models. However, no study has addressed peripheral NO levels in unmedicated BD. Also, lithium's effects on NO levels have not been studied in humans.\", 'Plasma NO was evaluated in subjects with BD I and II during a depressive episode (n\\xa0=\\xa026). Subjects had a score of ≥18 in the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and were followed-up during a 6-week trial with lithium. Plasma NO levels were also compared to matched healthy controls (n\\xa0=\\xa028). NO was determined by chemiluminescence method.', 'Lithium treatment significantly increased plasma NO levels after 6 weeks of treatment in comparison to baseline levels in bipolar depression (p\\xa0=\\xa00.016). Baseline NO levels during depressive episodes showed no difference when matching up to healthy controls (p\\xa0=\\xa00.66).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Depressive Disorder', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Lithium Carbonate', 'Luminescence', 'Male', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Psychiatric Status Rating Scales']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,749,959 | Does olmesartan prevent cardiac rupture in mice with myocardial infarction by modulating growth differentiation factor 15 and p53? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiac rupture is a catastrophic complication that occurs after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and, at present, there are no effective pharmacological strategies for preventing this condition. Here we investigated the effect of the angiotensin II receptor blocker olmesartan (Olm) on post-infarct cardiac rupture and its underlying mechanisms of action.",
"C57Bl/6 mice with MI were treated with Olm, aldosterone (Aldo) or vehicle. Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to normoxia or anoxia and treated with angiotensin II (Ang II), RNH6270 (active ingredient of Olm) or Aldo.",
"The mortality rate and incidence of cardiac rupture in MI mice during the first week in the Olm-treated group were significantly lower than in the vehicle-treated group. Olm or RNH6270 reduced myeloperoxidase staining in the infarcted myocardium, decreased apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, as assessed by Hoechst staining and TUNEL assay, attenuated the accumulation of p53 and phosphorylated p53 and cleaved caspase 3 induced by MI or Ang II, as assessed by Western blotting, and up-regulated growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15). In cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, treatment with Ang II, Aldo or anoxia significantly down-regulated the expression of GDF-15."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aldosterone",
"Angiotensin II",
"Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers",
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Fibroblasts",
"Growth Differentiation Factor 15",
"Heart Rupture",
"Hypoxia",
"Imidazoles",
"Male",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Myocardial Infarction",
"Myocardium",
"Myocytes, Cardiac",
"Peroxidase",
"Tetrazoles",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53"
]
} | Olm prevents cardiac rupture through inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation, which is attributable to the down-regulation of p53 activity and up-regulation of GDF-15. Our findings suggest that early administration of an AT1 receptor anatagonist to patients with acute MI is a potential preventive approach for cardiac rupture. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does olmesartan prevent cardiac rupture in mice with myocardial infarction by modulating growth differentiation factor 15 and p53?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cardiac rupture is a catastrophic complication that occurs after acute myocardial infarction (MI) and, at present, there are no effective pharmacological strategies for preventing this condition. Here we investigated the effect of the angiotensin II receptor blocker olmesartan (Olm) on post-infarct cardiac rupture and its underlying mechanisms of action.', 'C57Bl/6 mice with MI were treated with Olm, aldosterone (Aldo) or vehicle. Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to normoxia or anoxia and treated with angiotensin II (Ang II), RNH6270 (active ingredient of Olm) or Aldo.', 'The mortality rate and incidence of cardiac rupture in MI mice during the first week in the Olm-treated group were significantly lower than in the vehicle-treated group. Olm or RNH6270 reduced myeloperoxidase staining in the infarcted myocardium, decreased apoptosis in cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, as assessed by Hoechst staining and TUNEL assay, attenuated the accumulation of p53 and phosphorylated p53 and cleaved caspase 3 induced by MI or Ang II, as assessed by Western blotting, and up-regulated growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15). In cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, treatment with Ang II, Aldo or anoxia significantly down-regulated the expression of GDF-15.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aldosterone', 'Angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fibroblasts', 'Growth Differentiation Factor 15', 'Heart Rupture', 'Hypoxia', 'Imidazoles', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Myocardium', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Peroxidase', 'Tetrazoles', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,752,159 | Is surgical strategy for the gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GISTs ) larger than 5 cm : laparoscopic surgery feasible , safe , and oncologically acceptable? | {
"contexts": [
"The efficacy and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery (LAP) for gastric GISTs >5 cm has not been adequately assessed. Here we investigated the clinical outcomes of these patients.",
"Twenty-seven consecutive patients who underwent resection for gastric GISTs >5 cm were enrolled in this retrospective study. We assessed the tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, tumor recurrence, and patient survival in the open surgery (OPEN) group and in the LAP group.",
"The tumor size in the OPEN group was larger than that in the LAP group, but there were no differences in the mitotic count. There were no differences in operative complications. Finally, there were no differences in the disease-free and no patients in the LAP group died."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Feasibility Studies",
"Gastrectomy",
"Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors",
"Humans",
"Laparoscopy",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Practice Guidelines as Topic",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Stomach Neoplasms",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | In patients with gastric GISTs >5 cm, LAP can be performed with outcomes equivalent to those of OPEN if patient selection and intraoperative judgment are appropriate. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is surgical strategy for the gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( GISTs ) larger than 5 cm : laparoscopic surgery feasible , safe , and oncologically acceptable?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The efficacy and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery (LAP) for gastric GISTs >5 cm has not been adequately assessed. Here we investigated the clinical outcomes of these patients.', 'Twenty-seven consecutive patients who underwent resection for gastric GISTs >5 cm were enrolled in this retrospective study. We assessed the tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, tumor recurrence, and patient survival in the open surgery (OPEN) group and in the LAP group.', 'The tumor size in the OPEN group was larger than that in the LAP group, but there were no differences in the mitotic count. There were no differences in operative complications. Finally, there were no differences in the disease-free and no patients in the LAP group died.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Gastrectomy', 'Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,748,164 | Is γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase a prognostic marker of survival and recurrence in radiofrequency-ablation treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) level, which is often elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has now been found to be an oxidative stress marker which correlates with inflammation in the extracellular hepatic microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of GGT serum levels in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy for the treatment of HCC.",
"This retrospective study included 254 patients with small liver cancer (tumor of ≤5 cm in diameter and nodule of ≤3 cm) who had been treated with RFA. Baseline serum GGT was examined before therapy, and overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the significance of GGT and other serum markers as prognostic factors.",
"After a median follow-up of 27 months, 51 patients had died and 123 had hepatic recurrence. After treatment with RFA, HCC patients with elevated GGT had a shorter OS versus those with normal GGT level (p = 0.001); they also had higher recurrence (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, albumin (p = 0.003), GGT (p = 0.035), and tumor size (p = 0.027) were independent risk factors for survival, and GGT (p = 0.010) and tumor size (p = 0.026) were significant risk factors for recurrence."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Catheter Ablation",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Survival Rate",
"gamma-Glutamyltransferase"
]
} | Serum GGT is a convenient prognostic biomarker related to OS and recurrence in HCC patients undergoing RFA treatment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase a prognostic marker of survival and recurrence in radiofrequency-ablation treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) level, which is often elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has now been found to be an oxidative stress marker which correlates with inflammation in the extracellular hepatic microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of GGT serum levels in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy for the treatment of HCC.', 'This retrospective study included 254 patients with small liver cancer (tumor of ≤5 cm in diameter and nodule of ≤3 cm) who had been treated with RFA. Baseline serum GGT was examined before therapy, and overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the significance of GGT and other serum markers as prognostic factors.', 'After a median follow-up of 27 months, 51 patients had died and 123 had hepatic recurrence. After treatment with RFA, HCC patients with elevated GGT had a shorter OS versus those with normal GGT level (p = 0.001); they also had higher recurrence (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, albumin (p = 0.003), GGT (p = 0.035), and tumor size (p = 0.027) were independent risk factors for survival, and GGT (p = 0.010) and tumor size (p = 0.026) were significant risk factors for recurrence.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Survival Rate', 'gamma-Glutamyltransferase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,776,569 | Do soft-tissue response rate to chin skeletal advancement in patients with lower facial burn scar? | {
"contexts": [
"This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and the soft-tissue response to osseous genioplasty in patients with chin retrusion caused by early life facial burn injury.",
"Twenty-two consecutive patients with retrusive chin as a result of severe childhood facial burn were included in this study. Cephalometric analysis and photographs were used to assess the patients for eligibility of a surgical correction. Horizontal hard-tissue advancement and soft-tissue responses were measured as the primary outcomes at the early and late postoperative follow-up visits.",
"A total of 22 patients fulfilled the study requirements. Average preoperative distance between the pogonion, as the most anterior point of the anterior mandibular contour, and a perpendicular line connecting the nasion and the supramental point of the mandible was 0.82 ± 1.1 mm, which increased significantly to 7.8 ± 0.8 mm after genioplasty (p < 0.0001). Soft tissue was repositioned on average 6.1 ± 0.4 mm anteriorly on average, which is in comparison with the amount of chin skeleton advancement, and a response ratio of 0.8:1 was calculated at late follow-up."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Burns",
"Cephalometry",
"Chin",
"Cicatrix",
"Face",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Genioplasty",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Mandible",
"Mandibular Advancement",
"Osteotomy",
"Soft Tissue Injuries",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Burn-related retrusive chin can appropriately be treated with sliding osseous genioplasty and will require slight overcorrection compared with patients without a history of lower face burn. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do soft-tissue response rate to chin skeletal advancement in patients with lower facial burn scar?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and the soft-tissue response to osseous genioplasty in patients with chin retrusion caused by early life facial burn injury.', 'Twenty-two consecutive patients with retrusive chin as a result of severe childhood facial burn were included in this study. Cephalometric analysis and photographs were used to assess the patients for eligibility of a surgical correction. Horizontal hard-tissue advancement and soft-tissue responses were measured as the primary outcomes at the early and late postoperative follow-up visits.', 'A total of 22 patients fulfilled the study requirements. Average preoperative distance between the pogonion, as the most anterior point of the anterior mandibular contour, and a perpendicular line connecting the nasion and the supramental point of the mandible was 0.82 ± 1.1 mm, which increased significantly to 7.8 ± 0.8 mm after genioplasty (p < 0.0001). Soft tissue was repositioned on average 6.1 ± 0.4 mm anteriorly on average, which is in comparison with the amount of chin skeleton advancement, and a response ratio of 0.8:1 was calculated at late follow-up.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Burns', 'Cephalometry', 'Chin', 'Cicatrix', 'Face', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Genioplasty', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Mandibular Advancement', 'Osteotomy', 'Soft Tissue Injuries', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,749,543 | Does inhibition of proteasome-mediated glucocorticoid receptor degradation restore nitric oxide bioavailability in myocardial endothelial cells in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucocorticoids (GCs), including the synthetic GC derivate dexamethasone, are widely used as immunomodulators. One of the numerous side effects of dexamethasone therapy is hypertension arising from reduced release of the endothelium-derived vasodilator nitric oxide (NO).",
"Herein, we described the role of dexamethasone and its glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the regulation of NO synthesis in vitro using the mouse myocardial microvascular endothelial cell line, MyEND. GC treatment caused a firm decrease of extracellular NO levels, whereas the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was not affected. However, GC application induced an impairment of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ) concentrations as well as GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GTPCH-1) expression, both essential factors for NO production upstream of eNOS. Moreover, dexamethasone stimulation resulted in a substantially decreased GR gene and protein expression in MyEND cells. Importantly, inhibition of proteasome-mediated proteolysis of the GR or overexpression of an ubiquitination-defective GR construct improved the bioavailability of BH4 and strengthened GTPCH-1 expression and eNOS activity."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Biopterin",
"Cell Line",
"Coronary Vessels",
"Dexamethasone",
"Endothelial Cells",
"GTP Cyclohydrolase",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Glucocorticoids",
"Mice",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III",
"Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex",
"Proteolysis",
"Receptors, Glucocorticoid"
]
} | Summarising our results, we propose a new mechanism involved in the regulation of NO signalling by GCs in myocardial endothelial cells. We suggest that a sufficient GR protein expression plays a crucial role for the management of GC-induced harmful adverse effects, including deregulations of vasorelaxation arising from disturbed NO biosynthesis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does inhibition of proteasome-mediated glucocorticoid receptor degradation restore nitric oxide bioavailability in myocardial endothelial cells in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Glucocorticoids (GCs), including the synthetic GC derivate dexamethasone, are widely used as immunomodulators. One of the numerous side effects of dexamethasone therapy is hypertension arising from reduced release of the endothelium-derived vasodilator nitric oxide (NO).', 'Herein, we described the role of dexamethasone and its glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the regulation of NO synthesis in vitro using the mouse myocardial microvascular endothelial cell line, MyEND. GC treatment caused a firm decrease of extracellular NO levels, whereas the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was not affected. However, GC application induced an impairment of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ) concentrations as well as GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GTPCH-1) expression, both essential factors for NO production upstream of eNOS. Moreover, dexamethasone stimulation resulted in a substantially decreased GR gene and protein expression in MyEND cells. Importantly, inhibition of proteasome-mediated proteolysis of the GR or overexpression of an ubiquitination-defective GR construct improved the bioavailability of BH4 and strengthened GTPCH-1 expression and eNOS activity.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Biopterin', 'Cell Line', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Dexamethasone', 'Endothelial Cells', 'GTP Cyclohydrolase', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Mice', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex', 'Proteolysis', 'Receptors, Glucocorticoid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,753,128 | Is randomization associated with socio-economic and demographic factors in a multi-center clinical trial of children with sickle cell anemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Few studies have investigated factors influencing participation rates for minority children with a chronic disease in clinical trials. The Silent Cerebral Infarct Multi-Center Clinical (SIT) Trial provides an opportunity to study the impact of demographic and socio-economic factors on randomization in a clinical trial among Black children. Our primary objective was to characterize the factors associated with successful randomization of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and silent cerebral infarct (SCI) in the SIT Trial after initial consent.",
"Differences in socio-economic and demographic variables, family history and disease-related variables were determined between eligible participants who were successfully randomized and those who were not randomized following initial consent. Head of household educational level and family income were examined separately for US versus non-US sites.",
"Of 1,176 children enrolled in the SIT Trial, 1,016 (86%) completed screening. Of 208 (20%) children with qualifying SCI on pre-randomization MRI, 196 (94%) were successfully randomized. There were no differences in socio-economic, demographic, or disease-related variables between children who were or were not randomized. Participants from non-US sites were more likely to be randomized (22% vs. 12%, P = 0.011); although, randomization by country was associated with neither head of household education nor family income."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Anemia, Sickle Cell",
"Blood Transfusion",
"Cerebral Infarction",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Demography",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Prognosis",
"Socioeconomic Factors"
]
} | In the SIT Trial, acceptance of random allocation was not associated with socio-economic or demographic factors. Although these factors may represent barriers for some participants, they should not bias investigators caring for children with SCD in their approach to recruitment for clinical trial participation. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is randomization associated with socio-economic and demographic factors in a multi-center clinical trial of children with sickle cell anemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Few studies have investigated factors influencing participation rates for minority children with a chronic disease in clinical trials. The Silent Cerebral Infarct Multi-Center Clinical (SIT) Trial provides an opportunity to study the impact of demographic and socio-economic factors on randomization in a clinical trial among Black children. Our primary objective was to characterize the factors associated with successful randomization of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and silent cerebral infarct (SCI) in the SIT Trial after initial consent.', 'Differences in socio-economic and demographic variables, family history and disease-related variables were determined between eligible participants who were successfully randomized and those who were not randomized following initial consent. Head of household educational level and family income were examined separately for US versus non-US sites.', 'Of 1,176 children enrolled in the SIT Trial, 1,016 (86%) completed screening. Of 208 (20%) children with qualifying SCI on pre-randomization MRI, 196 (94%) were successfully randomized. There were no differences in socio-economic, demographic, or disease-related variables between children who were or were not randomized. Participants from non-US sites were more likely to be randomized (22% vs. 12%, P = 0.011); although, randomization by country was associated with neither head of household education nor family income.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Blood Transfusion', 'Cerebral Infarction', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Demography', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Socioeconomic Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
24,754,296 | Does technical challenge encountered during deployment of the ovation abdominal aortic stent-graft system? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe technical challenges encountered using the Ovation endograft for abdominal aortic aneurysms and suggest tips and maneuvers for successful management.",
"Deployment of the Ovation's unsupported main body is often associated with the anteroposterior arrangement of the limb gates instead of the usual side-by-side configuration, rendering contralateral catheterization challenging. Successful catheterization of the contralateral limb can be confirmed by lateral deviation of the ipsilateral stiff guidewire caused by balloon inflation within the contralateral limb. Moreover, failure to cannulate the contralateral limb gate due to persistent impingement of the guidewire or compromise of the inflated rings can be overcome using the transbrachial antegrade approach."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal",
"Aortography",
"Blood Vessel Prosthesis",
"Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation",
"Endovascular Procedures",
"Humans",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Prosthesis Design",
"Stents",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Awareness of certain aspects associated with the use of the Ovation device and adoption of the adjunctive techniques herein described helps the interventionist avoid unexpected challenges or manage technical difficulties to maximize the device's safety and effectiveness. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does technical challenge encountered during deployment of the ovation abdominal aortic stent-graft system?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To describe technical challenges encountered using the Ovation endograft for abdominal aortic aneurysms and suggest tips and maneuvers for successful management.', \"Deployment of the Ovation's unsupported main body is often associated with the anteroposterior arrangement of the limb gates instead of the usual side-by-side configuration, rendering contralateral catheterization challenging. Successful catheterization of the contralateral limb can be confirmed by lateral deviation of the ipsilateral stiff guidewire caused by balloon inflation within the contralateral limb. Moreover, failure to cannulate the contralateral limb gate due to persistent impingement of the guidewire or compromise of the inflated rings can be overcome using the transbrachial antegrade approach.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Aortography', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis', 'Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation', 'Endovascular Procedures', 'Humans', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prosthesis Design', 'Stents', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,754,501 | Does recovery from neuromuscular block in dogs : restoration of spontaneous ventilation exclude residual blockade? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate if return of spontaneous ventilation to pre-relaxation values indicates complete recovery from neuromuscular blockade.",
"Prospective, with each individual acting as its own control.",
"Ten healthy adult female Beagle dogs weighing 6.2-9.4 kg.",
"Dogs were anesthetized with propofol, dexemedetomidine and isoflurane. Spontaneous ventilation was assessed by measuring end-tidal CO2 , expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow, respiratory rate and minute ventilation. Vecuronium 25 μg kg(-1) IV was administered and neuromuscular block was evaluated by measuring the train-of-four (TOF) ratio with acceleromyography in the hind limb. During spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular block, the TOF ratio when each ventilatory variable returned to baseline was recorded.",
"This dose of vecuronium produced moderate neuromuscular block in all dogs, with TOF ratio values of 0-18% at maximal block. Expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow and minute ventilation returned to pre-relaxation values when the median TOF ratio was ≤ 20%. The median TOF ratio was 42% when the end-tidal CO2 returned to pre-relaxation values."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anesthesia Recovery Period",
"Anesthesia, General",
"Animals",
"Dogs",
"Female",
"Neuromuscular Blockade",
"Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents",
"Respiration",
"Vecuronium Bromide"
]
} | Significant residual neuromuscular block could be measured at the hind limb with acceleromyography when ventilation had spontaneously returned to pre-vecuronium values. Monitoring spontaneous ventilation, including end-tidal CO2 , expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow or minute ventilation cannot be used as a surrogate for objective neuromuscular monitoring, and this practice may increase the risk of postoperative residual paralysis. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does recovery from neuromuscular block in dogs : restoration of spontaneous ventilation exclude residual blockade?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate if return of spontaneous ventilation to pre-relaxation values indicates complete recovery from neuromuscular blockade.', 'Prospective, with each individual acting as its own control.', 'Ten healthy adult female Beagle dogs weighing 6.2-9.4\\xa0kg.', 'Dogs were anesthetized with propofol, dexemedetomidine and isoflurane. Spontaneous ventilation was assessed by measuring end-tidal CO2 , expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow, respiratory rate and minute ventilation. Vecuronium 25\\xa0μg\\xa0kg(-1) IV was administered and neuromuscular block was evaluated by measuring the train-of-four (TOF) ratio with acceleromyography in the hind limb. During spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular block, the TOF ratio when each ventilatory variable returned to baseline was recorded.', 'This dose of vecuronium produced moderate neuromuscular block in all dogs, with TOF ratio values of 0-18% at maximal block. Expired tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow and minute ventilation returned to pre-relaxation values when the median TOF ratio was ≤ 20%. The median TOF ratio was 42% when the end-tidal CO2 returned to pre-relaxation values.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anesthesia Recovery Period', 'Anesthesia, General', 'Animals', 'Dogs', 'Female', 'Neuromuscular Blockade', 'Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents', 'Respiration', 'Vecuronium Bromide']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
24,748,531 | Does co-ingestion of caffeine and carbohydrate after meal improve performance at high-intensity intermittent sprints with short recovery times? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effects of co-ingesting caffeine (CAF) and carbohydrate (CHO) on high-intensity intermittent sprints (HIS) performance and physiological responses.",
"Twelve active males underwent 4 interventions at least 7 days apart in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced trial. A meal contained 65 % CHO was provided 2 h before the HIS test. Participants ingested the placebo (PLA) or CAF (6 mg kg(-1) BW) 1 h before taking an HIS test, and ingested a PLA or CHO solution (0.8 g kg(-1) BW) before undergoing the testing protocol. The HIS protocol comprised ten sets of 5 × 4-s sprints on a cycle ergometer with a 2-min recovery between each set.",
"There was no significant difference between peak power output and mean power output between trials (p > 0.05). Compared with PLA, CAF + CHO resulted in a 5.2 % reduction in total work, corresponding to a 24.7-25.7 % increase in fatigue at the end stage of the HIS. The administration of CAF + CHO supplementation also resulted in an 11.1 % increase in blood lactate, and elevated blood glucose concentrations throughout HIS testing compared with PLA (p < 0.05). Cortisol concentrations also increased with CAF + CHO intake compared with PLA; however, there was no significant effect of CAF + CHO supplementation on testosterone concentrations."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Bicycling",
"Biomarkers",
"Blood Glucose",
"Caffeine",
"Central Nervous System Stimulants",
"Dietary Carbohydrates",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Exercise Test",
"Humans",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Lactic Acid",
"Male",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Muscle Fatigue",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Physical Endurance",
"Recovery of Function",
"Taiwan",
"Testosterone",
"Time Factors",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Co-ingestion of CAF and CHO did not improve high-intensity sprint cycling performance or reduce fatigue in active males. Moreover, combined CAF and CHO supplementation might facilitate catabolism during prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does co-ingestion of caffeine and carbohydrate after meal improve performance at high-intensity intermittent sprints with short recovery times?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the effects of co-ingesting caffeine (CAF) and carbohydrate (CHO) on high-intensity intermittent sprints (HIS) performance and physiological responses.', 'Twelve active males underwent 4 interventions at least 7\\xa0days apart in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced trial. A meal contained 65\\xa0% CHO was provided 2\\xa0h before the HIS test. Participants ingested the placebo (PLA) or CAF (6\\xa0mg\\xa0kg(-1) BW) 1\\xa0h before taking an HIS test, and ingested a PLA or CHO solution (0.8\\xa0g\\xa0kg(-1)\\xa0BW) before undergoing the testing protocol. The HIS protocol comprised ten sets of 5\\xa0×\\xa04-s sprints on a cycle ergometer with a 2-min recovery between each set.', 'There was no significant difference between peak power output and mean power output between trials (p\\xa0>\\xa00.05). Compared with PLA, CAF\\xa0+\\xa0CHO resulted in a 5.2\\xa0% reduction in total work, corresponding to a 24.7-25.7\\xa0% increase in fatigue at the end stage of the HIS. The administration of CAF\\xa0+\\xa0CHO supplementation also resulted in an 11.1\\xa0% increase in blood lactate, and elevated blood glucose concentrations throughout HIS testing compared with PLA (p\\xa0<\\xa00.05). Cortisol concentrations also increased with CAF\\xa0+\\xa0CHO intake compared with PLA; however, there was no significant effect of CAF\\xa0+\\xa0CHO supplementation on testosterone concentrations.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Bicycling', 'Biomarkers', 'Blood Glucose', 'Caffeine', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Dietary Carbohydrates', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Exercise Test', 'Humans', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Physical Endurance', 'Recovery of Function', 'Taiwan', 'Testosterone', 'Time Factors', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
24,748,530 | Does combining heat stress and moderate hypoxia reduce cycling time to exhaustion without modifying neuromuscular fatigue characteristics? | {
"contexts": [
"This study investigated the isolated and combined effects of heat [temperate (22 °C/30 % rH) vs. hot (35 °C/40 % rH)] and hypoxia [sea level (FiO2 0.21) vs. moderate altitude (FiO2 0.15)] on exercise capacity and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics.",
"Eleven physically active subjects cycled to exhaustion at constant workload (66 % of the power output associated with their maximal oxygen uptake in temperate conditions) in four different environmental conditions [temperate/sea level (control), hot/sea level (hot), temperate/moderate altitude (hypoxia) and hot/moderate altitude (hot + hypoxia)]. Torque and electromyography (EMG) responses following electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve (plantar-flexion; soleus) were recorded before and 5 min after exercise.",
"Time to exhaustion was reduced (P < 0.05) in hot (-35 ± 15 %) or hypoxia (-36 ± 14 %) compared to control (61 ± 28 min), while hot + hypoxia (-51 ± 20 %) further compromised exercise capacity (P < 0.05). However, the effect of temperature or altitude on end-exercise core temperature (P = 0.089 and P = 0.070, respectively) and rating of perceived exertion (P > 0.05) did not reach significance. Maximal voluntary contraction torque, voluntary activation (twitch interpolation) and peak twitch torque decreased from pre- to post-exercise (-9 ± 1, -4 ± 1 and -6 ± 1 % all trials compounded, respectively; P < 0.05), with no effect of the temperature or altitude. M-wave amplitude and root mean square activity were reduced (P < 0.05) in hot compared to temperate conditions, while normalized maximal EMG activity did not change. Altitude had no effect on any measured parameters."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Altitude",
"Bicycling",
"Biomechanical Phenomena",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Electromyography",
"Exercise Test",
"Exercise Tolerance",
"Heat Stress Disorders",
"Hot Temperature",
"Humans",
"Humidity",
"Hypoxia",
"Male",
"Muscle Contraction",
"Muscle Fatigue",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Physical Endurance",
"Qatar",
"Time Factors",
"Torque"
]
} | Moderate hypoxia in combination with heat stress reduces cycling time to exhaustion without modifying neuromuscular fatigue characteristics. Impaired oxygen delivery or increased cardiovascular strain, increasing relative exercise intensity, may have also contributed to earlier exercise cessation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does combining heat stress and moderate hypoxia reduce cycling time to exhaustion without modifying neuromuscular fatigue characteristics?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study investigated the isolated and combined effects of heat [temperate (22\\xa0°C/30\\xa0% rH) vs. hot (35\\xa0°C/40\\xa0% rH)] and hypoxia [sea level (FiO2 0.21) vs. moderate altitude (FiO2 0.15)] on exercise capacity and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics.', 'Eleven physically active subjects cycled to exhaustion at constant workload (66\\xa0% of the power output associated with their maximal oxygen uptake in temperate conditions) in four different environmental conditions [temperate/sea level (control), hot/sea level (hot), temperate/moderate altitude (hypoxia) and hot/moderate altitude (hot\\xa0+\\xa0hypoxia)]. Torque and electromyography (EMG) responses following electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve (plantar-flexion; soleus) were recorded before and 5\\xa0min after exercise.', 'Time to exhaustion was reduced (P\\xa0<\\xa00.05) in hot (-35\\xa0±\\xa015\\xa0%) or hypoxia (-36\\xa0±\\xa014\\xa0%) compared to control (61\\xa0±\\xa028\\xa0min), while hot\\xa0+\\xa0hypoxia (-51\\xa0±\\xa020\\xa0%) further compromised exercise capacity (P\\xa0<\\xa00.05). However, the effect of temperature or altitude on end-exercise core temperature (P\\xa0=\\xa00.089 and P\\xa0=\\xa00.070, respectively) and rating of perceived exertion (P\\xa0>\\xa00.05) did not reach significance. Maximal voluntary contraction torque, voluntary activation (twitch interpolation) and peak twitch torque decreased from pre- to post-exercise (-9\\xa0±\\xa01, -4\\xa0±\\xa01 and -6\\xa0±\\xa01\\xa0% all trials compounded, respectively; P\\xa0<\\xa00.05), with no effect of the temperature or altitude. M-wave amplitude and root mean square activity were reduced (P\\xa0<\\xa00.05) in hot compared to temperate conditions, while normalized maximal EMG activity did not change. Altitude had no effect on any measured parameters.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Altitude', 'Bicycling', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electromyography', 'Exercise Test', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Heat Stress Disorders', 'Hot Temperature', 'Humans', 'Humidity', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Endurance', 'Qatar', 'Time Factors', 'Torque']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,749,665 | Do extended high-frequency ( 9-20 kHz ) audiometry reference thresholds in 645 healthy subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to study patterns in the extended spectrum of the human hearing (0.125 to 20 kHz) in order to obtain reference thresholds. Then, we compare our values with existing results at extended high-frequencies (8 to 20 kHz) in an attempt to establish new standards for potential international adoption.",
"A prospective study in a group of otologically healthy subjects.",
"A total of 645 subjects aged between 5 and 90 years were recruited. Pure-tone thresholds were determined for conventional and extended high-frequencies.",
"There was an increase in the hearing thresholds as a function of frequency and age. For the 20 to 69 years old group, thresholds were lower in females than in males, especially at 12.5 and 16 kHz. Our threshold values are comparable to those presented in previous studies that used different instrumentation and populations."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Audiometry, Pure-Tone",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Healthy Volunteers",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Reference Values",
"Young Adult"
]
} | When comparing different studies the hearing thresholds were found to be similar. Therefore, it would be possible to establish international standard thresholds. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do extended high-frequency ( 9-20 kHz ) audiometry reference thresholds in 645 healthy subjects?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of the present study was to study patterns in the extended spectrum of the human hearing (0.125 to 20 kHz) in order to obtain reference thresholds. Then, we compare our values with existing results at extended high-frequencies (8 to 20 kHz) in an attempt to establish new standards for potential international adoption.', 'A prospective study in a group of otologically healthy subjects.', 'A total of 645 subjects aged between 5 and 90 years were recruited. Pure-tone thresholds were determined for conventional and extended high-frequencies.', 'There was an increase in the hearing thresholds as a function of frequency and age. For the 20 to 69 years old group, thresholds were lower in females than in males, especially at 12.5 and 16 kHz. Our threshold values are comparable to those presented in previous studies that used different instrumentation and populations.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Values', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,746,881 | Does inhibition of peripheral FAAH depress activities of bladder mechanosensitive nerve fibers of the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"FAAH degrades endocannabinoids and fatty acid amides. FAAH inhibition reduces micturition frequency and counteracts bladder overactivity in rats. We studied the effects of the peripherally active selective FAAH inhibitor URB937, and the CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists rimonabant and SR144528, respectively, on single unit afferent activity of primary bladder afferents in rats.",
"Female Sprague Dawley® rats were anesthetized. Single unit afferent activity of Aδ or C-fibers from the L6 dorsal roots was recorded during bladder filling before and after URB937 administration with or without rimonabant or SR144528. Drugs (1 mg/kg) were given intravenously. FAAH, CB1 and CB2 expression, and expression of the sensory marker CGRP in the L6 dorsal root ganglion were compared by immunofluorescence.",
"A total of 102 single afferent fibers (48 Aδ and 54 C-fibers) were isolated from 57 rats. URB937 decreased single unit afferent activity of C-fibers to a mean ± SEM of 78% ± 9% and of Aδ-fibers to a mean of 67% ± 7% while increasing bladder compliance to a mean of 116% ± 3%. The effects of URB937 on single unit afferent activity and bladder compliance were counteracted by rimonabant or SR144528. Rimonabant increased single unit afferent activity of each fiber type but SR144528 affected only Aδ-fiber activity. CGRP positive L6 dorsal root ganglion neurons showed strong FAAH, CB1 and CB2 staining."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amidohydrolases",
"Animals",
"Bornanes",
"Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists",
"Cannabinoids",
"Female",
"Nerve Fibers",
"Piperidines",
"Pyrazoles",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Rimonabant",
"Urinary Bladder"
]
} | To our knowledge we report for the first time that inhibiting peripheral FAAH depresses the Aδ and C-fiber activity of primary bladder afferents via CB1 and CB2 receptors. CB antagonists alone exerted facilitatory effects on single unit afferent activity during bladder filling in rats. The endocannabinoid system may be involved in physiological control of micturition as regulators of afferent signals. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does inhibition of peripheral FAAH depress activities of bladder mechanosensitive nerve fibers of the rat?\nContext: {'contexts': ['FAAH degrades endocannabinoids and fatty acid amides. FAAH inhibition reduces micturition frequency and counteracts bladder overactivity in rats. We studied the effects of the peripherally active selective FAAH inhibitor URB937, and the CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists rimonabant and SR144528, respectively, on single unit afferent activity of primary bladder afferents in rats.', 'Female Sprague Dawley® rats were anesthetized. Single unit afferent activity of Aδ or C-fibers from the L6 dorsal roots was recorded during bladder filling before and after URB937 administration with or without rimonabant or SR144528. Drugs (1 mg/kg) were given intravenously. FAAH, CB1 and CB2 expression, and expression of the sensory marker CGRP in\\xa0the L6 dorsal root ganglion were compared by immunofluorescence.', 'A total of 102 single afferent fibers (48 Aδ and 54 C-fibers) were isolated from 57 rats. URB937 decreased single unit afferent activity of C-fibers to a mean ± SEM of 78% ± 9% and of Aδ-fibers to a mean of 67% ± 7% while increasing bladder compliance to a mean of 116% ± 3%. The effects of URB937 on single unit afferent activity and bladder compliance were counteracted by rimonabant or SR144528. Rimonabant increased single unit afferent activity of\\xa0each fiber type but SR144528 affected only Aδ-fiber activity. CGRP positive L6\\xa0dorsal root ganglion neurons showed strong FAAH, CB1 and CB2 staining.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amidohydrolases', 'Animals', 'Bornanes', 'Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists', 'Cannabinoids', 'Female', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Piperidines', 'Pyrazoles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Rimonabant', 'Urinary Bladder']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,760,622 | Are soluble Klotho levels in adult renal transplant recipients modulated by recombinant human erythropoietin? | {
"contexts": [
"Data on serum soluble Klotho levels in chronic kidney disease are contradictory and even less is known after renal transplantation. Experimental studies demonstrated that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment mitigates Klotho reduction caused by renal damage. Therefore, this study aimed to determine serum Klotho levels in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and to evaluate whether rhEPO treatment can modulate, in vivo and in vitro, soluble Klotho.",
"117 KTR and 22 healthy subjects (HS) were enrolled. In 17 KTR, rhEPO was discontinued for 5 weeks and Klotho levels were compared to 34 propensity score-matched controls. Moreover, we evaluated Klotho mRNA expression and protein secretion in HK-2 tubular cells treated with cyclosporin A (CyA) and rhEPO, alone or in combination.",
"Serum Klotho levels in KTR were significantly higher than in HS (0.68 vs. 0.37, p = 0.002) and significantly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.378, p = 0.003) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (r = -0.307, p < 0.0001). After 5 weeks of rhEPO discontinuation, treated KTR showed a sharper reduction of Klotho levels than controls (-0.56 vs. -0.11 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). In HK-2 cells CyA treatment induced a Klotho down-regulation that was mitigated by rhEPO pre-treatment. In the same experimental conditions, our results revealed that cells treated with CyA + rhEPO secreted higher soluble Klotho levels than those exposed to CyA or rhEPO alone."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Biomarkers",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cell Line",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Cyclosporine",
"Erythropoietin",
"Female",
"Fibroblast Growth Factors",
"Gene Expression Regulation",
"Glomerular Filtration Rate",
"Glucuronidase",
"Hematinics",
"Humans",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Kidney Tubules",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Propensity Score",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Time Factors",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Our results demonstrate that KTR have higher serum Klotho levels than HS and that rhEPO treatment modulates these concentrations, suggesting a link between rhEPO and soluble Klotho in KTR. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are soluble Klotho levels in adult renal transplant recipients modulated by recombinant human erythropoietin?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Data on serum soluble Klotho levels in chronic kidney disease are contradictory and even less is known after renal transplantation. Experimental studies demonstrated that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) treatment mitigates Klotho reduction caused by renal damage. Therefore, this study aimed to determine serum Klotho levels in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients (KTR) and to evaluate whether rhEPO treatment can modulate, in vivo and in vitro, soluble Klotho.', '117 KTR and 22 healthy subjects (HS) were enrolled. In 17 KTR, rhEPO was discontinued for 5 weeks and Klotho levels were compared to 34 propensity score-matched controls. Moreover, we evaluated Klotho mRNA expression and protein secretion in HK-2 tubular cells treated with cyclosporin A (CyA) and rhEPO, alone or in combination.', 'Serum Klotho levels in KTR were significantly higher than in HS (0.68 vs. 0.37, p = 0.002) and significantly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.378, p = 0.003) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (r = -0.307, p < 0.0001). After 5 weeks of rhEPO discontinuation, treated KTR showed a sharper reduction of Klotho levels than controls (-0.56 vs. -0.11 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). In HK-2 cells CyA treatment induced a Klotho down-regulation that was mitigated by rhEPO pre-treatment. In the same experimental conditions, our results revealed that cells treated with CyA + rhEPO secreted higher soluble Klotho levels than those exposed to CyA or rhEPO alone.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Biomarkers', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Line', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Cyclosporine', 'Erythropoietin', 'Female', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Glucuronidase', 'Hematinics', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Kidney Tubules', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Propensity Score', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Time Factors', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,768,615 | Does dual tasking during postural stepping responses increase falls but not freezing in people with Parkinson 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Although falls in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) associate with dual tasking and freezing of gait (FoG), it is not known whether falls during dual tasking are due to FoG. This study investigated the effects of a cognitive task on the occurrence of falls and FoG when subjects with PD step in response to a postural perturbation.",
"Ten subjects with PD and a history of FoG as well as 10 age-matched subjects without PD stepped in response to large, backward displacements of the support surface, with and without performing a fluency task of listing items in a category. Subjects with PD performed the task in the \"off\" and \"on\" dopaminergic medication states. We recorded the percentage of trials with FoG (a lack of step in response to the perturbation), foot-lift latencies, and trials with falls into a safety harness.",
"Dual tasking significantly increased the incidence of falls in people with PD, but subjects without PD did not fall in any condition. Dual tasking did not significantly increase trials without steps or foot-lift latencies. Falls were often coincident with a lack of step (FoG) in the single-task condition, but the increased falls with dual tasking occurred on trials with steps. Levodopa tended to decrease FoG and falls with or without dual tasking. However, medication did not significantly alter the effects of dual tasking on FoG or falls."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Accidental Falls",
"Aged",
"Female",
"Gait",
"Gait Disorders, Neurologic",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Parkinson Disease",
"Postural Balance",
"Psychomotor Performance"
]
} | For people with PD and FoG, forward falls may not always be caused by FoG, particularly under attention-distracting conditions. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does dual tasking during postural stepping responses increase falls but not freezing in people with Parkinson 's disease?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Although falls in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) associate with dual tasking and freezing of gait (FoG), it is not known whether falls during dual tasking are due to FoG. This study investigated the effects of a cognitive task on the occurrence of falls and FoG when subjects with PD step in response to a postural perturbation.\", 'Ten subjects with PD and a history of FoG as well as 10 age-matched subjects without PD stepped in response to large, backward displacements of the support surface, with and without performing a fluency task of listing items in a category. Subjects with PD performed the task in the \"off\" and \"on\" dopaminergic medication states. We recorded the percentage of trials with FoG (a lack of step in response to the perturbation), foot-lift latencies, and trials with falls into a safety harness.', 'Dual tasking significantly increased the incidence of falls in people with PD, but subjects without PD did not fall in any condition. Dual tasking did not significantly increase trials without steps or foot-lift latencies. Falls were often coincident with a lack of step (FoG) in the single-task condition, but the increased falls with dual tasking occurred on trials with steps. Levodopa tended to decrease FoG and falls with or without dual tasking. However, medication did not significantly alter the effects of dual tasking on FoG or falls.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Accidental Falls', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Gait Disorders, Neurologic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Parkinson Disease', 'Postural Balance', 'Psychomotor Performance']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,746,977 | Does physical exercise antagonize clinical and anatomical features characterizing Lieber-DeCarli diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders? | {
"contexts": [
"Lieber-DeCarli diet has been used to induce obesity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). As scarce anatomical and clinical-related information on this diet model exists and being exercise an advised strategy to counteract metabolic diseases, we aimed to analyze the preventive (voluntary physical activity - VPA) and therapeutic (endurance training - ET) effect of exercise on clinical/anatomical features of rats fed with Lieber-DeCarli diet.",
"In the beginning of the protocol, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into standard-diet sedentary (SS, n = 20), standard-diet VPA (SVPA, n = 10), high-fat diet sedentary (HS, n = 20) and high-fat diet VPA (HVPA, n = 10) groups. After 9-weeks, half (n = 10) of SS and HS groups were engaged in an ET program (8 wks/5 d/wk/60 min/day). At this time, a blood sample was collected for biochemical analysis. At the end of protocol (17-weeks) anatomic measures were assessed. Heart, liver, femur and visceral fat were weighted and blood was collected again. Liver section was used for histopathological examination.",
"At 17-weeks, high-fat diet increased visceral adiposity (HS vs. SS), which was counteracted by both exercises. However, ET was the only intervention able to diminished obesity-related measures and the histological features of NASH. Moreover, blood analysis at 9 weeks showed that high-fat diet increased ALT, AST, cholesterol and HDL while VLDL and TG levels were decreased (HS vs. SS). Notably, although these parameters were counteracted after 9-weeks of VPA, they were transitory and not observed after 17-weeks."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Diet, High-Fat",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Exercise Therapy",
"Intra-Abdominal Fat",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Motor Activity",
"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | ET used as a therapeutic tool mitigated the clinical/anatomical-related features induced by Liber-DeCarli diet, thus possibly contributing to control obesity and metabolic disorders. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does physical exercise antagonize clinical and anatomical features characterizing Lieber-DeCarli diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Lieber-DeCarli diet has been used to induce obesity and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). As scarce anatomical and clinical-related information on this diet model exists and being exercise an advised strategy to counteract metabolic diseases, we aimed to analyze the preventive (voluntary physical activity - VPA) and therapeutic (endurance training - ET) effect of exercise on clinical/anatomical features of rats fed with Lieber-DeCarli diet.', 'In the beginning of the protocol, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into standard-diet sedentary (SS, n = 20), standard-diet VPA (SVPA, n = 10), high-fat diet sedentary (HS, n = 20) and high-fat diet VPA (HVPA, n = 10) groups. After 9-weeks, half (n = 10) of SS and HS groups were engaged in an ET program (8 wks/5 d/wk/60 min/day). At this time, a blood sample was collected for biochemical analysis. At the end of protocol (17-weeks) anatomic measures were assessed. Heart, liver, femur and visceral fat were weighted and blood was collected again. Liver section was used for histopathological examination.', 'At 17-weeks, high-fat diet increased visceral adiposity (HS vs. SS), which was counteracted by both exercises. However, ET was the only intervention able to diminished obesity-related measures and the histological features of NASH. Moreover, blood analysis at 9 weeks showed that high-fat diet increased ALT, AST, cholesterol and HDL while VLDL and TG levels were decreased (HS vs. SS). Notably, although these parameters were counteracted after 9-weeks of VPA, they were transitory and not observed after 17-weeks.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Exercise Therapy', 'Intra-Abdominal Fat', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,748,780 | Do public-private partnerships improve health outcomes in individuals with early stage Alzheimer 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"In a collaborative effort between the Missouri Department of Health, Area Agencies on Aging (AAA), Alzheimer Association, and academic researchers, we tested whether early dementia detection and comprehensive care consultations would improve health outcomes in care receivers (CRs) and their family caregivers (FCGs), therefore addressing an important public health concern.",
"A total of 244 community-dwelling older adults screened for early-stage dementia by the AAA field staff were referred to the Alzheimer Association and participated in Project Learn MORE (Missouri Outreach and Referral Expanded) (PLM) - a 2-year, nonrandomized multisite intervention consisting of comprehensive care consultations to improve coping skills. PLM participants were compared against 96 controls receiving the Alzheimer Association's \"usual services\" between January 2011 and December 2012. We examined CR and FCG outcomes, including burden, care confidence, and mood, as effects of PLM, on delaying transitions in level of care.",
"CRs showed improved knowledge (P=0.002) and reduced depression (P=0.007), while FCGs demonstrated improved knowledge (P=0.003) and ability to identify sources of support for the CR (P=0.032) and for themselves (P=0.043). However, FCGs were more burdened after PLM (P=0.02), due to increased awareness of Alzheimer's disease. PLM delayed transitions in care (odds ratio [OR] 3.32, 95% confidence level [CI]: 1.25-8.83) with the number needed to treat =6.82."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Alzheimer Disease",
"Caregivers",
"Comprehensive Health Care",
"Cost of Illness",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Missouri",
"Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)",
"Public-Private Sector Partnerships",
"Social Work"
]
} | PLM was successful in improving detection of incident cases of dementia in the community and in connecting patients and their families with needed services. Our findings support the use of state agencies and community service partners to detect dementia. Early implementation of psychosocial interventions could have significant impact in improving patient- and family-centered outcomes, potentially providing a cost-efficient alternative to pharmacotherapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do public-private partnerships improve health outcomes in individuals with early stage Alzheimer 's disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In a collaborative effort between the Missouri Department of Health, Area Agencies on Aging (AAA), Alzheimer Association, and academic researchers, we tested whether early dementia detection and comprehensive care consultations would improve health outcomes in care receivers (CRs) and their family caregivers (FCGs), therefore addressing an important public health concern.', 'A total of 244 community-dwelling older adults screened for early-stage dementia by the AAA field staff were referred to the Alzheimer Association and participated in Project Learn MORE (Missouri Outreach and Referral Expanded) (PLM) - a 2-year, nonrandomized multisite intervention consisting of comprehensive care consultations to improve coping skills. PLM participants were compared against 96 controls receiving the Alzheimer Association\\'s \"usual services\" between January 2011 and December 2012. We examined CR and FCG outcomes, including burden, care confidence, and mood, as effects of PLM, on delaying transitions in level of care.', \"CRs showed improved knowledge (P=0.002) and reduced depression (P=0.007), while FCGs demonstrated improved knowledge (P=0.003) and ability to identify sources of support for the CR (P=0.032) and for themselves (P=0.043). However, FCGs were more burdened after PLM (P=0.02), due to increased awareness of Alzheimer's disease. PLM delayed transitions in care (odds ratio [OR] 3.32, 95% confidence level [CI]: 1.25-8.83) with the number needed to treat =6.82.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Caregivers', 'Comprehensive Health Care', 'Cost of Illness', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Missouri', 'Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)', 'Public-Private Sector Partnerships', 'Social Work']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,750,470 | Does local injection of vasopressin reduce the blood loss during cesarean section in placenta previa? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of local injection of vasopressin on blood loss and secondary impact on complications during cesarean section in patients with placenta previa.",
"We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients diagnosed with placenta previa admitted to our hospital. Two consecutive periods were compared. During period B, 59 patients underwent the local injection of a vasopressin solution (4 U in 20 mL of saline) into the placental implantation site after placental delivery. During period A, 50 patients underwent cesarean section without vasopressin injection, and were analyzed as a control group. The estimated blood loss was recorded, as were the complications during surgery. In addition, the expression of the vasopressin V1α receptor in uterine smooth muscle was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.",
"The mean estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the vasopressin group than in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences with surgical complications. The vasopressin V1α receptor was highly expressed in smooth muscle cells in the lower segment of the uterine body, whereas the immunoreactivity for the oxytocin receptor was faint in the lower segment."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Blood Loss, Surgical",
"Cesarean Section",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Injections",
"Placenta Previa",
"Pregnancy",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Vasopressins"
]
} | The local injection of vasopressin into the placental implantation site significantly reduced the blood loss without increasing the morbidity. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does local injection of vasopressin reduce the blood loss during cesarean section in placenta previa?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of local injection of vasopressin on blood loss and secondary impact on complications during cesarean section in patients with placenta previa.', 'We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients diagnosed with placenta previa admitted to our hospital. Two consecutive periods were compared. During period B, 59 patients underwent the local injection of a vasopressin solution (4 U in 20 mL of saline) into the placental implantation site after placental delivery. During period A, 50 patients underwent cesarean section without vasopressin injection, and were analyzed as a control group. The estimated blood loss was recorded, as were the complications during surgery. In addition, the expression of the vasopressin V1α receptor in uterine smooth muscle was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.', 'The mean estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the vasopressin group than in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences with surgical complications. The vasopressin V1α receptor was highly expressed in smooth muscle cells in the lower segment of the uterine body, whereas the immunoreactivity for the oxytocin receptor was faint in the lower segment.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Blood Loss, Surgical', 'Cesarean Section', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Injections', 'Placenta Previa', 'Pregnancy', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Vasopressins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,751,363 | Does topical application of Kochia scoparia inhibit the development of contact dermatitis in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Kochia scoparia (Chenopodiaceae) has been reported to have anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-pruritic actions. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of externally applied Kochia scoparia water extract (KSW) in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced contact dermatitis mouse model.",
"To develop atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, 100μL of 1% DNCB in acetone/olive oil (4:1) had been applied for three days on shaved dorsal skin. 1% KSW was topically applied to DNCB-induced mice. After KSW treatment, histological analysis was measured by hematoxylin eosin staining. The cytokine and pro-inflammatory expressions were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis.",
"Histological studies showed that hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermis in the KSW treated group was markedly decreased as compared with the DNCB group. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA were significantly reduced by topical application of KSW, whereas these cytokines were increased in DNCB-induced dorsal skin. In addition, NF-κB expression was inhibited by KSW treatment in DNCB-induced mice. Similarly, KSW treatment significantly suppressed the expression of several MAP kinases, including ERK1/2, p38, and JNK compared to their expression in DNCB-induced mice."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Cutaneous",
"Animals",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal",
"Bassia scoparia",
"Cytokines",
"Dermatitis, Contact",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Ethnopharmacology",
"Female",
"Fruit",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Plant Extracts"
]
} | These findings indicated that KSW ameliorates contact dermatitis via inhibition of the production of several inflammatory mediators. Therefore, external application of KSW may be used for the treatment of contact dermatitis as an alternative therapy. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does topical application of Kochia scoparia inhibit the development of contact dermatitis in mice?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Kochia scoparia (Chenopodiaceae) has been reported to have anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-pruritic actions. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of externally applied Kochia scoparia water extract (KSW) in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced contact dermatitis mouse model.', 'To develop atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, 100μL of 1% DNCB in acetone/olive oil (4:1) had been applied for three days on shaved dorsal skin. 1% KSW was topically applied to DNCB-induced mice. After KSW treatment, histological analysis was measured by hematoxylin eosin staining. The cytokine and pro-inflammatory expressions were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis.', 'Histological studies showed that hyperplasia of the epidermis and dermis in the KSW treated group was markedly decreased as compared with the DNCB group. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA were significantly reduced by topical application of KSW, whereas these cytokines were increased in DNCB-induced dorsal skin. In addition, NF-κB expression was inhibited by KSW treatment in DNCB-induced mice. Similarly, KSW treatment significantly suppressed the expression of several MAP kinases, including ERK1/2, p38, and JNK compared to their expression in DNCB-induced mice.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Cutaneous', 'Animals', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Bassia scoparia', 'Cytokines', 'Dermatitis, Contact', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ethnopharmacology', 'Female', 'Fruit', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Plant Extracts']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,751,364 | Does preconditioning with the traditional Chinese medicine Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang initiate HIF-1α-dependent neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT) is a classical heat-clearing and detoxicating formula of traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used to treat stroke. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of HLJDT preconditioning on neurons under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).",
"A stroke model of rats was obtained through MCAO. Following HLJDT preconditioning, the cerebral infarction volume, cerebral water content, and neurological deficient score were determined. Cerebral cortical neurons cultured in vitro were preconditioned with HLJDT and then subjected to OGD treatment. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from neurons was detected. The levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and PI3K/Akt signaling were analyzed by western blotting, and the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the supernatant of the neurons and the plasma of MCAO rats were measured through a radioimmunological assay. The apoptosis and proliferation of neurons were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.",
"HLJDT preconditioning significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume and cerebral water content and ameliorated the neurological deficient score of MCAO rats. In addition, HLJDT preconditioning protected neurons against OGD. Increased HIF-1α, EPO, and VEGF levels and the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling were observed as a result of HLJDT preconditioning. Furthermore, HLJDT preconditioning was found to inhibit ischemia-induced neuron apoptosis and to promote neuron proliferation under conditions of ischemia/reperfusion."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Cerebral Cortex",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Drugs, Chinese Herbal",
"Erythropoietin",
"Ethnopharmacology",
"Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit",
"Ischemic Preconditioning",
"Male",
"Neuroprotective Agents",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A"
]
} | Both rats and neurons subjected to HLJDT preconditioning were able to resist ischemia/reperfusion or hypoxia injury through the inhibition of apoptosis and the enhancement of proliferation, and these effects were primarily dependent on the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and HIF-1α. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does preconditioning with the traditional Chinese medicine Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang initiate HIF-1α-dependent neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT) is a classical heat-clearing and detoxicating formula of traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used to treat stroke. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of HLJDT preconditioning on neurons under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).', 'A stroke model of rats was obtained through MCAO. Following HLJDT preconditioning, the cerebral infarction volume, cerebral water content, and neurological deficient score were determined. Cerebral cortical neurons cultured in vitro were preconditioned with HLJDT and then subjected to OGD treatment. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from neurons was detected. The levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and PI3K/Akt signaling were analyzed by western blotting, and the levels of erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the supernatant of the neurons and the plasma of MCAO rats were measured through a radioimmunological assay. The apoptosis and proliferation of neurons were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.', 'HLJDT preconditioning significantly reduced the cerebral infarction volume and cerebral water content and ameliorated the neurological deficient score of MCAO rats. In addition, HLJDT preconditioning protected neurons against OGD. Increased HIF-1α, EPO, and VEGF levels and the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling were observed as a result of HLJDT preconditioning. Furthermore, HLJDT preconditioning was found to inhibit ischemia-induced neuron apoptosis and to promote neuron proliferation under conditions of ischemia/reperfusion.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Erythropoietin', 'Ethnopharmacology', 'Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit', 'Ischemic Preconditioning', 'Male', 'Neuroprotective Agents', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
24,751,369 | Does information-enhancement and goal setting techniques for increasing adaptive motivation and decreasing urge to drink alcohol? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to determine whether experimental manipulation of sense of control would change moderate drinkers' (N=106) task-specific motivational structure and explicit and implicit determinants of their urge to drink alcohol.",
"The effects of various levels of information-enhancement and goal-setting on participants' performance on experimental tasks were assessed. Participants were randomly assigned to a high-sense-of-control, low-sense-of-control, or no-intervention group. Dependent measures were indices derived from a task-specific version of the Personal Concerns Inventory and the Shapiro Control Inventory, Alcohol Urge Questionnaire, and alcohol Stroop test.",
"At baseline, there were no differences among the groups on any of the measures; however, post-experimentally, induced sense of control had led to increases in adaptive motivation and decreases in explicit and implicit measures of the urge to drink."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alcohol Drinking",
"Behavior, Addictive",
"Cues",
"Female",
"Goals",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Motivation",
"Personality Inventory",
"Psychological Tests",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The results show that sense of control can be experimentally induced. This finding has important clinical implications. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does information-enhancement and goal setting techniques for increasing adaptive motivation and decreasing urge to drink alcohol?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"The aim of the study was to determine whether experimental manipulation of sense of control would change moderate drinkers' (N=106) task-specific motivational structure and explicit and implicit determinants of their urge to drink alcohol.\", \"The effects of various levels of information-enhancement and goal-setting on participants' performance on experimental tasks were assessed. Participants were randomly assigned to a high-sense-of-control, low-sense-of-control, or no-intervention group. Dependent measures were indices derived from a task-specific version of the Personal Concerns Inventory and the Shapiro Control Inventory, Alcohol Urge Questionnaire, and alcohol Stroop test.\", 'At baseline, there were no differences among the groups on any of the measures; however, post-experimentally, induced sense of control had led to increases in adaptive motivation and decreases in explicit and implicit measures of the urge to drink.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Behavior, Addictive', 'Cues', 'Female', 'Goals', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Personality Inventory', 'Psychological Tests', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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