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To get a better understanding of parents’ attitudes around kids’ educational media, the Joan Ganz Cooney Center surveyed 1,577 parents of kids ages 2 to 10 years old. Educational media was defined as content that’s “good for a child’s learning or growth, or that teaches some type of lesson, such as an academic or social skill,” and includes TV, DVDs, video games, books, e-readers, smartphones, tablets, and other mobile devices used at home.
The survey found that parents considered nearly half (44%) of what their kids were watching was educational. More than half (57%) believed that their kids were actually learning from the screen time. The survey also found that younger kids were more likely to engage in educational media than older kids.
For full story, see Mind Shift.
For full study, see Cooney Center. | <urn:uuid:6e434d54-31af-419f-bd60-f3fddee5620d> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://edtechtimes.com/2014/01/27/learning-home-families-educational-media-use-america/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131298177.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172138-00012-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982276 | 184 | 3.578125 | 4 |
The Main Cooling Cycle
A substance changes its state when the inherent amount of heat and varied. Ice is water in the solid state and steam vapor state water. Continuous changes liquid and liquid-vapor by the application of heat. Heat must be added or vaporize the boiling point of a substance. It should be collected for the dilution or strengthen substances. The amount of heat needed will depend on the content and change of pressure in the matter.
Consider, for example, open a pot of boiling water heated by a gas flame. The boiling point of water at sea level 212Вєf (100C). Increase flame temperature and the water will boil from more rapidly, although the temperature does not change. Heat or boiling substances, heat must be removed from another substance. In this case, the heat is removed from the gas flame. Increase the temperature of the flame only the rate of heat transfer. It does not increase the temperature of the water.
The change in pressure will affect the boiling point of a substance. With increasing height above the sea level, atmospheric pressure and evaporating temperature drop.
For example, water will boil at 193F (89.4C) at an altitude of 10,000 feet. At pressures below 100 psig, the water has a temperature of boiling 338F (170C).
The relationship pressure refrigeration this is shown in the following example. The tank contains a substance which evaporates at atmospheric pressure. However, it condenses to a liquid at 100 pounds of pressure. Liquid is from the tank through a hose and nozzle in a long coil of pipe to the atmosphere (see Fig. 4-10).
As the liquid enters the nozzle, his pressure is reduced to that of the atmosphere. This reduces the evaporation or boiling point. Part of the liquid evaporates or boils, using its own heat. In unevaporated liquid immediately cooled, his heat is taken away. The remaining liquid absorbs heat from rolled metal or tank and evaporates, cooling coil. Coil takes the heat from the surrounding space, cooling space. This unit will continue to provide cooling or cooling until the substance remains under pressure in the tank.
All other components of the cooling system are only to enhance the cooling medium after it has done its job of cooling. Other parts of the cooling system in order of assemblies, tank or liquid receiver, expansion valve, evaporator, compressor, and capacitor.
Fig. 4-11 illustrates a typical system cooling cycle. The refrigerant is in the tank or liquid receiver under high pressure in the liquid state. When refrigerant enters the expansion valve, the pressure is lowered, and the liquid begins to evaporate. Complete evaporation occurs when the refrigerant passes into the evaporator. Evaporation, heat must be added to the refrigerant. In this case, the heat comes from the evaporator. As heat is removed from the coil, the coil cooling. The refrigerant is now under steam low pressure. Evaporator section of the system is often referred to low pressure, back pressure or suction side. Warm coil, the faster evaporation takes place and the higher suction pressure becomes.
Compressor then takes the low vapour pressure and increases the pressure is enough for condensation of the refrigerant. This starts the high side of the system. To return a refrigerant in a liquid state (squeeze), the heat took the evaporator, compressor must be removed. This function of the condenser is used with air or water cooling coils. Be better than refrigerant, air or water absorbs heat. As it cools, the refrigerant is condensed into a liquid and comes in a liquid receiver or tank. As the refrigerant pressure was increased, it will condense at lower temperatures.
In some systems, the liquid receiver may be part of another device, such as evaporator or condenser... | <urn:uuid:22b77e1f-3660-48ee-aa1e-fc45cc5a526e> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://ref-wiki.com/content/view/31825/28/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218188785.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212948-00627-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918106 | 793 | 4 | 4 |
Less than 24 hours after Microsoft acknowledged the existence of an unpatched, critical flaw in all versions of its Internet Explorer Web browser, computer code that can be used to exploit the flaw has been posted online.
This was bound to happen, as dozens of researchers were poring over malicious code samples that exploited the flaw, which has generated more interest and buzz than perhaps any other vulnerability in recent memory. The reason? Anti-virus makers and security experts say this was the same flaw and exploit that was used in a series of sophisticated, targeted attacks against Google, Adobe and a slew of other major corporations, in what is being called a massive campaign by Chinese hacking groups to hoover up source code and other proprietary information from these companies.
… this is a browse-to-a-nasty-site-and-get-owned kind of vulnerability. As such, Internet users will be far more secure surfing the Web with an alternative browser (at least until Microsoft fixes this problem), such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, or Apple’s Safari for Windows.
No doubt there will be a patch soonish, but until then…and even after then for folks who don't patch religiously.
Incidentally, do we actually know all those other browsers are safe, or is it just that no exploits are in the wild yet? | <urn:uuid:635e6df1-3aed-4756-b29f-64eb97d218f6> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | http://www.discourse.net/2010/01/ie_considered_dangerous/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141729522.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20201203155433-20201203185433-00180.warc.gz | en | 0.964317 | 275 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The city’s acropolis is barely visible during a cloudy day on the Thessalian plains. Credit: SIA/EFAK/YPPOA
An international research team at the Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, is exploring the remains of an ancient city in central Greece. The results can change the view of an area that traditionally has been considered a backwater of the ancient world.
Archaeologists from the University of Gothenburg have begun exploring a previously unknown ancient city at a village called Vlochós, five hours north of Athens. The archaeological remains are scattered on and around the Strongilovoúni hill on the great Thessalian plains and can be dated to severalhistorical periods.
‘What used to be considered remains of some irrelevant settlement on a hill can now be upgraded to remains of a city of higher significance than previously thought, and this after only one season,’ says Robin Rönnlund, PhD student in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History at the University of Gothenburg and leader of the fieldwork.
‘A colleague and I came across the site in connection with another project last year, and we realised the great potential right away. The fact that nobody has never explored the hill before is a mystery.’
In collaboration with the Swedish Institute at Athens and the local archaeological service in Karditsa, the Vlochós Archaeological Project (VLAP) was started with an aim to explore the remains. The project’s research teamcompleted the first field season during two weeks in September 2016.
Rönnlund says that the hill is hiding many secrets. Remains of towers, walls and city gates can be found on the summit and slopes, but hardly anything is visible on the ground below. The ambition is to avoid excavation and instead use methods such as ground-penetrating radar, which will enable the team to leave the site in the same shape as it was in when they arrived. The success of this approach is evident from the results of the first field season:
Fragment of red-figure pottery from the late 6th century BC, probably by Attic painter Paseas. Credit: SIA/EFAK/YPPOA
‘We found a town square and a street grid that indicate that we are dealing with quite a large city. The area inside the city wall measures over 40 hectares. We also found ancient pottery and coins that can help to date the city. Our oldest finds are from around 500 BC, but the city seems to have flourished mainly from the fourth to the third century BC before it was abandoned for some reason, maybe in connection with the Roman conquest of the area.
Rönnlund believes that the Swedish-Greek project can provide important clues as to what happened during this violent period in Greek history.
‘Very little is known about ancient cities in the region, and many researchers have previously believed that western Thessaly was somewhat of a backwater during Antiquity. Our project therefore fills an important gap in the knowledge about the area and shows that a lot remains to be discovered in the Greek soil.’
Source: University of Gothenburg | <urn:uuid:f184a245-1d4b-442d-b221-2dd35f957cdc> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://exactlyscience.com/archives/8196.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891814801.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20180223154626-20180223174626-00120.warc.gz | en | 0.967088 | 660 | 3.1875 | 3 |
The Aloe Vera Plant
Aloe Vera is a plant that has been on this earth for millennia. Because it has thorny ridges that protect the soft leaf, it is often confused for a kind of cactus. Actually it is a member of the Lily family, the plant family Liliaceae, along with tulips, daffodils, onions, asparagus and many other species of aloe. In fact, a mature Aloe Vera plant will produce beautiful, fragrant lily-like blooms every spring and fall.
How many species of Aloe are there? How long have these species been known? How has our knowledge progressed through the years? While no one knows exactly how many species of Aloe are extant, a good "guesstimate" is about 350 species. The reasons for the lack of preciseness are the large number of plant representatives and the similarity of appearance which make it difficult to differentiate one species from another.
Aloe Vera is a plant that has historical references dating back over 5000, where it can be seen on the tombs of the pharaohs. Apparently it was an herbal remedy used in embalming mummies, both as a superb preservative but also as an excellent preventive agent against tuberculosis and other respiratory complications innate to that kind of work. Fast forward a thousand years and the Europeans began using it as an important ingredient in their herbal based medicines. The earliest recorded pharmacological usage was recorded in ancient Sumeria about 1750 B.C. where it was considered an excellent treatment for stomach irritations and nausea.
There is evidence of both Chinese and Egyptians using Aloe Vera to treat burns, wounds and to reduce fevers. American Indians called Aloe "The Wand of Heaven". They believed than anyone touched by Aloes' gel would be cured of their skin disorders. Also, the legend says that Cleopatra used Aloe Vera as part of her beauty regime.
Although many still consider Aloe Vera to be a folk remedy, it is important to remember that two-thirds of the world's population is treated with herbs and plant products that are not only effective, but offer benefits that are equal or superior to the synthesized, chemically-derived remedies of the western world.
Most Aloe species are indigenous to Africa, but now have wide distribution in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. They are grown in warm climates, both as wild and cultivated plants, in countries in southern, eastern and northern Africa, countries bordering the Mediterranean and Red Seas, in India, in islands of the Indian Ocean, and in China. They also were grown in abundance in the islands of the Caribbean area - Aruba, Barbados, Bonaire, Jamaica, Puerto Rico - as well as in Florida, Texas, California, Arizona and Mexico on the North American continent. They are also found in Hawaii.
Aloe plants may be found in temperate zones as cultivated crops or ornamentals, but must be protected from freezing water. Various species range from tiny, stemless plants only and inch or two high, to climbing and trailing forms, tall clustering shrubs, and tree-like specimens, 30 to 60 feet high, with trunks as much as 10 feet in circumference, which may be found in remote districts of Southwest Africa and Natal.
Where would modern medicine be today, if it were not for the large number of dependable drugs all obtained from plant and other natural sources? The list includes penicillin (probably the most widely-used infection fighter), quinine (used in the treatment of malaria), ephedrine (for asthma and bronchial problems), and diazepam (perhaps the most widely-prescribed tranquilizer).
Today, Aloe Vera is taking its rightful place among these natural remedies, as many in the medical profession have come to understand and appreciate the curative powers of this remarkable plant.
In recent times, Aloe Vera has been called a "miracle plant", "the silent healer", and the "first-aid" plant. In the United States, it has become common to see Aloe Vera plants in homes - where it may be used, by cutting off a part of a leaf, to spread its cooling, soothing, healing gel on burns, scrapes and bruises. And the wonderful thing is... it works!
How can Aloe Vera help?
Until 1943, most of the "proof" used to substantiate the claims made for the healing power of Aloe Vera was anecdotal - that is, by means of stories handed down from one generation to the next, or on recommendation by a friend or family member - not on scientific evidence. Then, a doctor working with burn victims "discovered" that Aloe Vera gel was an astonishingly effective treatment for his burn patients... a fact many had known for centuries. He found that applications of Aloe Vera substantially reduced healing time, helped relieve the agonizing pain of burns and even seemed to lessen scarring.
When his findings were published in medical journals, other researchers began investigating the possibility that some of those "old wives' tales" about Aloe Vera might have some basis in fact. The rest, as they say, is history.
Today, Aloe Vera helps dealing with the effects of diabetes, asthma, epilepsy, osteoarthritis, different types of digestive problems, ulcers, gastritis, colitis, constipation, reduce the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, helps the blood circulation, and cure skin and hair problems.
People use aloe topically for osteoarthritis, burns, sunburns, allergies, anti-itching, skin moisturizer and hair problems. Its topical properties are the consequences of the gel same pH reaction as human skin. In addition, The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Aloe Vera as a natural food flavoring.
Given all this, it is hardly surprising that many in the medical community have suggested the possibility that Aloe Vera gel may well turn out to be the next "wonder drug" of our age.
What does GRAS mean? What is its significance to the public?
The term GRAS (pronounced "grass") is issued by the FDA and stands for Generally Regarded As Safe. This means that, in testing, a product shows so little relative toxicity that it is deemed "safe" for use in the human system or as a topical agent. This classification is predominantly given to foods, plants, and nutrients that might also be pressed into service for health, medical, or scientific purposes. Such general usage acknowledgment is coveted by any plant, herb, food or nutrient, or any family of products derived from it. | <urn:uuid:5b382eab-8433-4dc2-ad19-e7f00cba12a8> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://medicalaloe.com/aloe-vera | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535921869.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20140901014521-00177-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965057 | 1,367 | 2.671875 | 3 |
About this image
Erasmus Darwin was born 12 December 1731 at Elston Hall, near Nottingham. His father Robert was a lawyer. He went to Chesterfield School in 1741 before heading to St John's College, Cambridge.
In 1853 he went to Edinburgh to study medicine. He then briefly set up a practice in Nottingham before moving to Lichfield.
By 1861 his standing was such that he became a Fellow of the Royal Society. At one stage he was offered, and refused, the post of Royal Physician to George III. He was a founder member of the Lunar Society in 1765, whose members included some of the greatest scientists and innovators of the age: Josiah Wedgwood, Matthew Boulton and James Watt, and Joseph Priestley. As well as a practical interest in new scientific theories and inventions, members were also for the abolition of the slave trade, in favour of a free press, and welcomed the aspects of the French Revolution that challenged the old order. However this also brought strong criticism from their opponents. Darwin made many inventions of his own. These included a horizontal windmill, a carriage that would not tip over, a speaking machine, a copying machine, mechanical bird and a lift for barges on canals. Fellow members of the Society made some of these for him. Fearing that taking out patents would harm his standing as a doctor, he instead encouraged his friends to develop these ideas. As well as a doctor, botanist, geologist, agricultural theorist and inventor, Darwin was also a keen poet. He published a number of acclaimed volumes, often conveying scientific theories, especially on botany. Zoonomia was published 1794-96, and in it he used poetry to put forward his ideas on the origins of life. This was also developed in his posthumous work, The Temple of Nature. These radical theories would later be famously taken further by Charles Darwin, his grandson. Another interest was education, writing A Plan for the Conduct of Female Education, in Boarding Schools in 1797, to help guide his illegitimate daughters Susan and Mary Parker, who were running a school in Ashbourne. He died from a lung infection on 18 April 1802 at Breadsall Priory, and was buried in Breadsall Church. He had only just moved out to Breadsall from Derby in March, after inheriting it from his son who had drowned in the Derwent.
This image is one of a collection by the famous local antiquarian, Thomas Bateman, of Middleton by Youlgreave. (1821-1861). Bateman organized his collection by inserting them into a 4 volume copy of Lysons Magna Britannia, Derbyshire, creating a fascinating and unique illustrated record of the county. The purchase of the collection for Derbyshire Libraries was made possible by the generous bequest of Miss Frances Webb of Whaley Bridge, well known local historian, who died in December 2006. | <urn:uuid:987d3202-f9d0-4f92-a898-c96f6b273f1b> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://picturethepast.org.uk/image-library/image-details/poster/dchq200326/posterid/dchq200326.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964362952.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20211204063651-20211204093651-00544.warc.gz | en | 0.988109 | 606 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Cuban Missile Crisis, The: At The Brink
More material is available from this program at the WGBH Archive. If you are a researcher interested in accessing the collection at WGBH, please email [email protected].
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- Cuban Missile Crisis, The: At The Brink
- Program Description
Thirty years ago, in October 1962, the Cuban missile crisis brought the Soviet Union and the United States to the very edge of mutual destruction. This documentary tells the story of the thirteen days when the world was gripped by fear of nuclear war.
Stand Alone Broadcast of War and Peace in the Nuclear Age: At the Brink
- Asset Type
- Media Type
- Global Affairs
- War and Conflict
- Chicago: “Cuban Missile Crisis, The: At The Brink,” 08/24/1992, WGBH Media Library & Archives, accessed September 19, 2017, http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_E71A83D7328B45C997D9ED1065DD6C68.
- MLA: “Cuban Missile Crisis, The: At The Brink.” 08/24/1992. WGBH Media Library & Archives. Web. September 19, 2017. <http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_E71A83D7328B45C997D9ED1065DD6C68>.
- APA: Cuban Missile Crisis, The: At The Brink. Boston, MA: WGBH Media Library & Archives. Retrieved from http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_E71A83D7328B45C997D9ED1065DD6C68 | <urn:uuid:574041e3-7c30-4d6e-a350-10fdc0ddf849> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_E71A83D7328B45C997D9ED1065DD6C68 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818685912.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170919164651-20170919184651-00314.warc.gz | en | 0.735378 | 397 | 2.796875 | 3 |
First name origin & meaning:
English: River; by the riverbank
First name variations: River, Rio
Last name origins & meanings:
- English (of Norman origin): habitational name from any of
various places in northern France called Rivières, from the plural
form of Old French rivière ‘river’ (originally meaning
‘riverbank’, from Latin riparia). The absence of English forms
without the final -s makes it unlikely that it is ever from the
borrowed Middle English vocabulary word river, but the French
and other Romance cognates do normally have this sense.
- Common Americanized form of French Larivière.
Comments for Rivers | <urn:uuid:e65a5a88-014b-4552-8484-2de5c086d8e6> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://baby-names.familyeducation.com/name-meaning/rivers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443737867468.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221747-00107-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879276 | 153 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Contactless deliveries are done between the customer and the deliverer to reduce the chances of being infected by viruses, which has grown in prominence since the beginning of COVID a few years ago. When considering the transmission of infectious diseases and how they affect our lives, we want to be cautious on how our packages are delivered. As a result, companies and customers have turned to contactless deliveries. Throughout this article, we will further discuss what contactless delivery means, how it has been adopted, how it works, and why it is beneficial for businesses.
What is contactless delivery?
In simple terms, contactless delivery is when there is no human contact at the point of delivery.
Rise of contactless delivery
Since the rampant spread of the virus and the increased need to slow the spread of the pandemic, delivery of food and other necessary items have become less of a convenience and more of a necessity. Contactless delivery is a trend that is being adopted by businesses of all sizes and industries.
The social distancing rules to protect against contracting the virus have restricted movements and eating out. According to a Technomic survey, 32% of customers not only eat out less, but they also leave their homes less. Consequently, US e-commerce grew an astonishing 44% in 2020 (the highest annual US e-commerce growth in at least 20 years).
- Amazon announced it was hiring 100,000 new delivery and fulfillment workers to keep up with the increase in online orders.
- 30% of consumers have used online grocery pickup or delivery since the pandemic began.
- 8.7% more consumers pick up food from restaurants rather than dining in, and 13% are ordering food for delivery more often.
How does contactless delivery work?
Once the customer places their order, it is processed by a few workers from the source, which could be anywhere from a warehouse to a restaurant or supermarket. The people handling the orders need to have masks and put on gloves while running the order, and the delivery messenger and the customer shouldn’t come in contact.
Contactless conveyance calls for innovation and pushes towards the use of e-payments, electronic tracking, e-signatures, and proof of delivery. This will help ensure that the deliverer and the consumer never need to come in contact at the point of delivery. Instead, when the delivery shows up, the driver will leave the parcel, record proof of delivery, and continue on their way.
What are the advantages of a contactless delivery?
Diminishing the gamble of spreading infection
With contactless conveyance, clients don’t have to pass on the solace of their homes to buy things. Restricted movement diminishes the spread of the COVID 19 infection.
Businesses adapting and improving
Physical restrictions and capacities challenge businesses that rely on physical guests in their spaces, such as restaurants and bars. These businesses have had to adapt quickly to compete with other companies which already offer home and business delivery. One perk of adopting contactless deliveries is it can increase the range of potential customers, thus increasing profits. Since the pandemic, this has helped various businesses to grow and be profitable.
Convenience for the customer
With just their phone, clients can order their items, choose when to have them delivered, and track the package from the origin point up to the doorstep. No more worrying about how you are going to get what you need; with a few taps on your phone, you can have it delivered.
Paired with apps and URLs, contactless delivery options can help businesses to grow. Contactless delivery demands a safe and secure way for customers to place their orders, track them, and complete payment. In addition to using technology to benefit customers, companies can also use it to aid their growth by incorporating delivery management software to engage with customers and gain valuable feedback.
Hand in hand with contactless deliveries comes contactless payments. Cash transactions can be a source for spreading the virus, and digital payments put that to an end. On the bright side, contactless payments are also fast and convenient.
For continuous growth and profits, businesses need to develop their online presence, reduce glitches in their applications, and improve customer relations to avoid monetary loss. With the rise in infectious diseases, this will be a trend that customers will continue using contactless delivery as a safe way to shop. Contact our team now to learn more about how Elite EXTRA can help you simplify your logistics operations and implement contactless delivery options.
Contactless Delivery Pilot Implemented During Pandemic Brings Long-Term Efficiencies to the CPG Supply Chain | <urn:uuid:08cc3e6a-b098-432f-9009-df8479a67f3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://eliteextra.com/contactless-delivery-the-new-normal-for-businesses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711394.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20221209080025-20221209110025-00438.warc.gz | en | 0.952609 | 991 | 2.625 | 3 |
The Best of Our Knowledge # 856
Albany, NY – YOUTH MEDIA PROJECT/STUDENT TOWN MEETINGS
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Pt. 2 of 2 -
Each February, Americans recognize Black History Month. This year, after decades and decades of court rulings and executive orders about race in education, we ask, is affirmative action still necessary? Affirmative action
can be defined as programs to overcome the effects of past discrimination
by allocating college admissions, jobs, and resources to members of specific groups such as minorities and women. In its troubled half-century history, affirmative action has been both praised and ridiculed as an answer to
racial inequality. Here are just a few historical highlights:
* 1954 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules in the Brown v. Board of Education
case, agreeing that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.
* The first real reference to affirmative action comes in 1961 when President
John F. Kennedy has been in office just two months. His executive order
creates the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity.
* In 1954 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act, called the
most sweeping civil rights legislation since reconstruction.
* One year later, President Johnson issues an executive order enforcing affirmative action.
* Fast forward to 1978 and the Regents of the University of California v.
Bakke. This landmark Supreme Court case imposed limitations on
affirmative action to ensure that providing greater opportunities for minorities
did not come at the expense of the rights of the majority.
* Affirmative action evolved through many more court decisions in the ensuing years until the Hopwood v. University of Texas Law School case in 1996 which invalidated the Bakke decision.
* Then in 2003, the Supreme Court decision in Grutter v. Bollinger in Michigan overturned Hopwood, and by the narrowest of margins (5 to 4) upheld
TBOOK's parent station, WAMC, hosts regular Youth Media Project - Student Town Meetings meant to engage urban and rural high school students and community members in critical analysis of current issues. Last week we
heard students argue the merits, pro and con, of affirmative action. This
week educators and a business leader who benefitted from affirmative
action join the panel discussion.
Glenn Busby reports. (10:59)
**(Attention Program Directors. The website given at the conclusion of
the above story for listeners interested in finding out more about the
Youth Media Project is: www.wamcstudenttownmeetings.org)**
EDUCATION HEADLINES AND UPDATES -
- In an update on a story we had last week, U.S. Supreme Court Justice,
John Paul Stevens, has asked all parties in the Michigan affirmative action
case to respond to a motion by BAMN, By Any Means Necessary. The
pro-affirmative action group appealed a recent lower court decision to
the nation's highest court involving the University of Michigan ruling, that
it must immediately implement Proposal 2 passed by Michigan voters in November. The measure bans the use of race or gender preferences in university admissions. The University of Michigan issued a statement
saying their legal position is based on concern for ensuring fairness to applicants. And that the university's admissions and financial aid decision-making processes continue without regard to race or gender.
- In other news, from Iraq, two bombs blasted an after-school rush at a
Baghdad University. The explosions killed 70 people and wounded
another 140. University officials described it as one of the deadliest
attacks on academia in the past four years.
- Back in the U.S., the Department of Education and the U.S. Secret
Service announced the release of its latest tool for educators and
communities to improve school safety. The interactive CD-ROM called,
A Safe School and Threat Assessment Experience, is designed to
complement the final report on the Safe Schools Initiative. Copies can
be ordered via the Dept. Of Ed's website at www.edpubs.org.
- The U.S. Education Department's Commission on Higher Education got
the message last year, that colleges need to be more affordable. And
now a new national survey shows fewer college freshmen are attending
their top choice of schools because of financial reasons. Nearly 300-
thousand students at 400 four-year universities responded to the poll by
UCLA's Higher Education Research Institute. Meanwhile, the College
Board reports that the average cost of tuition, room and board at a public university this academic year is about 13-thousand dollars, while private
schools averaged over 30-thousand dollars per year.
- And one college may be listening. Princeton University just announced
that for the first time in 40 years, it is not raising tuition for the next academic year. That move could put pressure on other highly selective colleges and universities to hold down their own costs of attending.
Dr. Karen Hitchcock reports. (3:00)
FRENCH BOARDING SCHOOLS FOR CHILDREN FROM THE PROJECTS - After the violence that struck the French housing projects
a year ago, more thought was given about what could be done to reduce boredom and lack of activities among France's immigrant youth. One
solution promoted by the French government is boarding schools for the
poor. TBOOK gets this first hand account from Lyon, France.
John Laurenson reports from Radio Netherlands. (4:01) | <urn:uuid:927251f7-23c1-428d-9e98-531e3581171f> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://wamc.org/post/best-our-knowledge-856 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661833.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00115-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924271 | 1,145 | 3.0625 | 3 |
How Do Self-Heating Cans Work?
Self-heating cans work through an exothermic chemical reaction between two chemicals. Popular combinations are aluminum and silica, calcium oxide and water, and copper sulfate and zinc. When the two substances combine, the reaction produces enough heat to raise the temperature of the can.
The two component chemicals are released by pressing a button on the bottom of the can. This mechanism prevents the two reactants from mixing before the consumer intends to heat the can. The primary advantage of a self-heating can is that it makes hot food and drinks available without access to a microwave, stove or other heating apparatus.
The disadvantages of self-heating cans are expense, size and uneven heating. Because space must be dedicated for the chemical reaction, self-heating cans must be larger and bulkier to hold the same amount of liquid as a traditional can. The additional packaging and chemical costs also make self-heating cans more expensive than other cans.
Self-heating cans are based on the same technology used in meals eaten by the US military and hand warmers. These cans are used for coffee, tea, cocoa and soup and were brought to market in Asia and Europe before being used in North America. Calcium oxide and water is the formula used in the original self-heating cans in the United States. | <urn:uuid:feb462f1-33a6-434c-8b78-14b4b33a1251> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.reference.com/science-technology/self-heating-cans-work-a4151f3787510b0d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710690.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20221129064123-20221129094123-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.957284 | 278 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Detox is short for detoxification. Detoxification occurs in multiple body organ systems. Some of the organs that are involved in detoxification include the liver, kidneys, skin, spleen and bowels. Detoxification is the process of getting rid of all the bad stuff that gets into our bodies through our mouth, nose, eyes, lungs, and skin. It is important to keep these organs healthy so that they can “clean up” effectively. These organs need the proper nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and other cofactors to work properly.
Every day you are exposed to toxins. Where do these toxins come from? They come from the air we breath, the food we eat, anything that touches our skin; even our own body can produce toxins. Everything we come into contact with has the potential to increase our toxic load. In the air there are small particulates that can get through our lungs. Mold spores, smoke, pet dander, insecticides, pesticides, exhaust fumes, pollens and many more toxins that are invisible to the unaided eye are all around us. The anti-perspirants, make-up, lotions, skin creams, shampoos and other similar items also may harbor toxins that are absorbed through the skin. If there is an imbalance of the good and bad bacteria in our gut, those bad bacteria can produce toxins that are harmful to us. Our bodies need to detoxify because our bodies build up toxins that come from our environment.
WHAT IS THE BEST DETOX PROGRAM?
A good detoxification program will support the organs of detoxification. There are many detox programs to choose from, so choosing the best one is difficult. Choose a program that supports the organs of detoxification, like the liver, spleen, kidneys, and digestive organs. Use a program that recommends vegetables, fruits, and no refined foods. Consider Standard Process detox or purification programs. You can watch a video of the detox and purification programs on the standard process website.
Check out some great recipes to incorporate into your detox.
Visit my blog or fill out the form below for more information! | <urn:uuid:6eeba1bd-14ff-451d-8c88-c3185a203c69> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://simplychiropracticlc.com/detox/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710918.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203011523-20221203041523-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941533 | 442 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Some 650 years old, an illuminated Haggadah - the text read by pious Jews annually to commemorate the Passover, survives in Bosnia-Herzogovina, having perhaps miraculously survived centuries of anti-Semitic persecution. Now known as the Sarajevo Haggadah, it has survived Spain's expulsion of the Jews following the Alhambra Decree of 1492, Nazi and Ustashe persecutors during the Second World War, and then the seige of Sarajevo by Serbia 20 years ago.
The pages are beautifully illustrated and bear gilt and copper embellishments to the text that recounts the story of the Passover, when the Jewish people were preserved from the wrath of the Pharaoh and fled Egypt to begin their trek to Canaan through the Sinai Peninsula. The tome is believed to have been created in the mid-1300s in Barcelona, where Sephardic Jews had long been tolerated. Jewish traders added to the wealth and prosperity of Barcelona and surrounding Catalonia because of their contacts with the outside world. The rulers of Catalonia had long had Jewish counselors, as did other Spanish rulers until the unification of Spain under the crowns of Fernando of Aragon and Isabel of Castile in the 1400s. The resultant nationalism, in which the 'Catholic Monarchs' imposed their view of national and religious unity, was intolerant of Judaism as it was of Islam. It was thus that Jews were forced to leave, taking with them the Sarajevo Haggadah, during the year Christopher Columbus made his first voyage to the Americas.
By the 1600s, the book made it to Italy. It was there that Jews had fled, some of whom went to Rome. However, in it was sold to the National Museum in Sarajevo in 1894.
During the Second World War, during the German occupation and resultant death camps in Yugoslavia, the Haggadah was kept hidden from both Nazis and their local Ustashe allies by the museum's chief librarian, Derviš Korkut. Risking his life, Korkut smuggled the manuscript out of Sarajevo and gave it to a Muslim cleric for safekeeping. The Haggadah, now safe in nearby Zenica, was hidden under the floor of either a mosque or a Muslim home there. In 1957, a facsimile of the Haggadah was published by the Rabbinical Seminary in Budapest, Hungary.
Notations made in the margins of the manuscript, as well as stains left by drops of wine used during the commemoration of the Passover, bear testimony to the Haggadah's witness to survival and faith.
The Haggadah survived another close call in 1992 during the Bosnian War, when it was discovered on the floor of the museum during a police investigation of a break-in. Apparently, the thieves thought it had no value and left it behind. It was then taken to an underground bank vault during the Siege of Sarajevo by Bosnian Serb forces - the longest siege in the history of modern warfare. In response to rumors that the government had sold the Haggadah in order to buy weapons, the Bosnian president presented the manuscript at a community Seder in 1995.
The manuscript has since been restored with financing from the United Nations and the Bosnian Jewish community in 2001, and went on permanent display at the Sarajevo museum in December 2002. Reproductions have been made over the years, while the Sarajevo publishing house Rabic Ltd. has announced that 613 facsimile copies on handmade parchment will be published. | <urn:uuid:ca3de1e7-53f1-44e4-9ba9-72b5de49927f> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.speroforum.com/a/YOGAXTXWFH29/71910-Sacred-Haggadah-from-Spain-survives-in-Bosnia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163051244/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131731-00002-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981594 | 744 | 3.84375 | 4 |
Third Terminal Examination - 2072
Subject : Health, Population and Environment
Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words.
Very short questions: (1x10=10)
1. Which day is celebrated as the ‘World Population Day’ every year?
2. Write any two economic factors that affects the fertility.
3. Which country in the SAARC has the highest HDI?
4. Name any two festivals that are celebrated in Terai Region.
5. What is the bird only found in Nepal?
6. Which plant can be used for increasing sexual capacity?
7. What is the full form of NATA?
8. Name any two primary symptoms of HIV/AIDS.
9. When was Nepal Heart Foundation set up?
10. How many beds are there in the zonal hospital?
Short answer questions:
Attempt any thirteen questions:
11. What is population density? Why the terai region is densely populated? Give any three reasons. (2+3)
12. If a certain country’s crude birth rate, crude death rate and net migration were 20.5, 12.6 and 8 respectively, calculate the rate of natural increase and annual population growth rate. (2.5+2.5)
13. Define census. Write any three importance of it. (2+3)
14. What are the bases of quality of life? Explain any one of them. (3+2)
15. Explain on the Eco-system of Terai region. (5)
16. Give the introduction of biodiversity. And write any three importance. (2+3)
17. Write short notes on any two.
a) Demography and migration
c) One horned rhino
18. “Sustainable Development is the concept for sustainable community.” Justify the statement.
19. Define development. Describe the any three importance of it.
20. What do you mean by disease? Write any three modes of transmission of communicable disease. (2+3=5)
21. Introduce night blindness. Write its three symptoms and preventive measures. (2+3)
22. Write any five suggestions to prevent from drug abuse. (5)
23. Explain major functions of Nepal Red Cross Society. (5)
24. What is community health? Describe any two importance of it. (1+2+2)
25. What are the major health problems in Nepal? Explain any one of them. (3+2)
****** Best of Luck ***** | <urn:uuid:5684eea3-7e14-4f25-9bdc-82f939c9d8a0> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://www.pralad.com.np/2016/03/download-pre-board-slc-eph-question-of.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221211403.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20180817010303-20180817030303-00378.warc.gz | en | 0.905452 | 544 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Kęsgailos (plural; singular: Kęsgaila) was a Lithuanian noble family, one of the largest landowners in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The family traces its roots to the 14th century (Buseika is considered the ancestor of the family). Their seat was in the Samogitia and Trakai regions. Kęsgailos family members had been the Elders of Samogitia from 1412 until 1532.
According to the 1528 military census, the family had to provide the most troops in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The family died out in the 16th century.
The surname Kęsgaila comes from the first name of Mykolas Kęsgaila son of Valimantas, whose elder brother Jaunutis son of Valimantas was granted the Zadora Coat of Arms in the Union of Horodlo of 1413. In line with the common practice for nobles' names after the Christianization of Lithuania, after his baptism, the Christian name *Mīkālas (Michael) was added to a pagan Lithuanian name, which can be reconstructed as *Kensgaĭla (from kęsti ("be patient") and gailas ("strong")). His son Jonas Kęsgailaitis, mentioned in written sources in Latin as Johannes Kyensgalowicz, was a bearer of the name as a patronymic, which subsequently evolved into a family name. Its Polonized form Kieżgajło is most common in Polish historiography over other variants, such as Kezigal, Kieżgajłła, Gezgajło, Kiezgajło, Kieżgajłło, Kierżgajłło, Kieżgałło and Kieżgało. Kęsgaila (pluralKęsgailos) is a modern Lithuanian spelling of the original family name.
Family Π is a group of New Testament manuscripts. Belonging to the Byzantine text-type, it is one of the textual families of this group. The name of the family, "Π" (pronounced in English as "pie"), is drawn from the symbol used for the Codex Petropolitanus. One of the most distinct of the Byzantine sub-groups, it is very old and the third largest. The oldest Byzantine manuscripts belong to this family.
Hermann von Soden designated this group by the symbol "Ka". According to him, its text is not purely Byzantine.
Codices and manuscripts
Soden included the following in this group of codices: Cyprius (K), Petropolitanus (Π), 72, 114, 116, 178, 265, 389, 1008, 1009, 1079, 1154, 1200, 1219, 1346, and 1398. Lake added to this group of manuscripts: 489, 537, 652, 775, 796, 904, 1478, 1500, 1546, 1561, 1781, 1816. Soden also associated Codex Alexandrinus with this group. Wisse lists about 150 witnesses of the family, but the majority of them belong to this family only in some parts of their text. The Peshitta, in the Gospels, represents this family.
In mathematics, an index set is a set whose members label (or index) members of another set. For instance, if the elements of a setA may be indexed or labeled by means of a set J, then J is an index set. The indexing consists of a surjective function from J onto A and the indexed collection is typically called an (indexed) family, often written as (Aj)j∈J.
An enumeration of a set S gives an index set , where f: J → S is the particular enumeration of S.
In computational complexity theory and cryptography, an index set is a set for which there exists an algorithm I that can sample the set efficiently; i.e., on input 1n, I can efficiently select a poly(n)-bit long element from the set.
Family was a cult band from Spain in the 1990s. Although initially unsuccessful, Family gradually acquired a fanbase and is now highly recognised in the Spanish underground pop scene. Their only album, Un Soplo en el Corazón has been praised for its poetic lyrics, inspired music and elegant artwork. | <urn:uuid:acf8bd82-7955-4229-ab0e-85dd786ee2c9> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://wn.com/Kie%C5%BCgaj%C5%82ow_family | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039743913.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20181117230600-20181118012600-00292.warc.gz | en | 0.934201 | 948 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Demonstrate why it is safe to stay in a car during a lightning storm. Place a discharged flask-form electroscope inside the metal cage. Bring an electrically charged rod near the cage and the electroscope's foil leaves don't move. Charge the cage by touching it with the charge rod and the foil leaves still don't budge. Why? It's a basic property of static electricity-static-electric charges can't penetrate a conductive shell. The metal cage clearly shows that electric charges remain on the outside of a conductive shell and don't affect the inside. Includes cage with metal bases and insulating stands, charging rod and instructions. Flask form electroscope is required, but not included. Cage dimensions: 26.5 cm
Additional ResourcesNo Additional Resources at the time.
Flinn Catalog/Reference Manual Page 675
Flinn Middle School Catalog/Reference Manual Page 407 | <urn:uuid:d66e6a0b-5998-4853-834b-ebb6931ea783> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.flinnsci.com/store/Scripts/prodView.asp?idproduct=16330&noList=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00287-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888041 | 182 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Substance abuse and problematic patterns of substance use among youth can lead to problems at school, cause or aggravate physical and mental health-related issues, promote poor peer relationships, cause motor-vehicle accidents, and place stress on the family. They can also develop into lifelong issues such as substance dependence, chronic health problems, and social and financial consequences.1
Substance abuse is the harmful pattern of using substances—such as tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs, and prescription drugs—leading to impairment or distress with one or more of the following behaviors:
One of the most highly abused substances among youth in the U.S. is alcohol.3 Youth engage in binge drinking, a pattern of drinking that elevates the blood alcohol concentration to 0.08 percent or above, more than adults do.4 This can lead to risky and potentially harmful behaviors, and many times substance abuse (60-75 percent of youth with substance abuse problems) co-occurs with mental health disorders.
Substance use, abuse, and dependence can negatively impact every aspect of an individual’s life. Child-serving systems need to intervene early in the lives of youth to prevent or treat abuse, support young people, and provide them with the tools to choose the right path.
1 Department of Justice, 1998
2 American Psychiatric Association, 2000
3 Johnston, O’Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2012
4 For the typical adult, this pattern corresponds to consuming five or more drinks [men], or four or more drinks [women], in about 2 hours.
Pilot Project Helps YouthBuild Address Youth Substance Abuse
One of the biggest challenges at most YouthBuild employment and training programs funded by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) is how to identify and address alcohol and drug use among students.
Traffic Safety: Keeping Teens Safe behind the Wheel
Motor vehicle crashes continue to be the leading cause of death among youth. Per miles driven, teen drivers ages 16 to 19 are four times more likely than older drivers to crash.
Strengthening Families to Prevent Teen Drug Use
Experts say one way to prevent young people from using drugs is to strengthen family relationships, so that youth develop an open and trusting relationship with parents.
Map My Community is a tool designed specifically to assist you in locating resources in your community to help you build and strengthen your youth program. Get ideas for new partnerships, identify gaps in your community, and learn about resources to avoid duplication of effort.
FindYouthInfo.gov is the U.S. government Web site that helps you create, maintain, and strengthen effective youth programs. Included are youth facts, funding information, and tools to help you assess community assets, generate maps of local and federal resources, search for evidence-based youth programs, and keep up-to-date on the latest, youth-related news. | <urn:uuid:f31a1172-4ca4-4d85-a9d5-b0911ecc9686> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.findyouthinfo.gov/youth-topics/substance-abuse | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997857714.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025737-00095-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919275 | 591 | 3.34375 | 3 |
The U.S. Marine Corps are the first boots on the ground in a crisis. On the front lines, they must be able to power up securely without plugging into utilities. They require nothing less than completely reliable and cost-effective energy independence.
Sandia National Laboratories researchers Nadine Miner and John Eddy are collaborating with the U.S. Marine Corps to help them make smart decisions on renewable energy planning with a powerful software tool called MDT, the Microgrid Design Toolkit. (Photo by Randy Montoya)
Researchers from Sandia National Laboratories are collaborating with the Marine Corps to increase their energy security and reduce fuel dependence through alternative technologies, including renewable energy and microgrids. The Marine Corps recently began a new effort with Sandia to develop analytic software tools that will give military decision-makers the quantitative support needed to achieve their long-term renewable energy goals.
“We are honored to partner with the United States Marine Corps,” said Sandia project lead Nadine Miner. “The modelling and optimization suite of tools that Sandia has developed will provide the Marine Corps with the information they need to help make decisions about which renewable energy technologies to invest in. The tools will also help them understand the impacts of their decisions. This project will help the Marine Corps invest taxpayers’ money wisely.”
The collaboration builds on modeling, simulation and analysis work that Sandia began in 2012 with the Marine Corps’ Expeditionary Energy Office. The new endeavor takes advantage of Sandia’s breadth and depth of experience with microgrids — localized grids that generate and consume power and can run either independently or connected to the larger utility grid.
The project primarily uses a Sandia-developed software tool known as the Microgrid Design Toolkit (MDT). The toolkit allows microgrid designers to understand different technology options and make smart decisions about technology solutions early in the design process. The software uses powerful search algorithms to identify potential trade-offs among factors such as cost, performance and reliability.
Sandia computer scientist John Eddy is one of the original developers of the MDT and is currently the project’s technical lead. He said the tool’s unique multi-objective optimization offers many different solutions to build a system. On the new project, Sandia will customize the toolkit to enable the Marine Corps to make smart choices in planning investments in microgrids and renewable energy technologies, such as solar and batteries and, further down the line, wind.
Sandia originally developed the technologies underlying the MDT through sponsorship from the Department of Energy and Department of Defense (DoD) to assess and design reliable and resilient microgrids. Applications have included the award-winning Joint Capability Technology Demonstration program known as the Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) program and the design of the microgrid-based backup power system for the city of Hoboken, New Jersey, in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. A beta version of MDT is also available for
Military and Energy Systems Analysis Department manager Alan Nanco said, “This project is an exemplar effort that aligns with the energy collaboration memorandum of understanding signed by the DOE and the DoD in 2010. It emphasizes the need to accelerate joint efforts in clean energy and national energy security technologies from national laboratories to military end users.” | <urn:uuid:d0b2db12-473d-4761-87ae-3c9445380def> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://www.azocleantech.com/news.aspx?newsID=23327 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247484020.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218013525-20190218035525-00318.warc.gz | en | 0.928975 | 687 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Hokkaido, butternut and co – pumpkins are currently very popular in beds and kitchens. With these tips, planting pumpkins will work by itself.
The cultivation of pumpkin (Cucurbita) is becoming increasingly popular in Germany. The exotic vegetables in all shapes and colors can be bought especially in autumn. The pumpkin originally comes from America and is one of the most diverse vegetables there is. In addition to their large fruits, the spreading pumpkin plants are also valued for their striking yellow flowers and pumpkin seeds. Even in our latitudes, planting pumpkins is child’s play with the right measures.
Despite its exotic origin, the pumpkin cultivation is usually good here and high yields can be expected. To ensure that everything runs optimally, a few tips should be observed:
The ideal location
The pumpkin is a plant that requires a lot of space. Depending on the type and variety, the pumpkin plant spreads 1.5 to 2 square meters over the bed. Many varieties also tend to grow, such as the popular Hokkaido pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). A climbing aid can be helpful for smaller pumpkin varieties. When planting, for example, a place near the garden fence is suitable, where the pumpkin plant can climb up. Larger pumpkins should stay on the ground because of their weight.
Pumpkins are extremely heat-loving plants. The location for the plant should therefore be sunny and sheltered from the wind. It is also important that the soil warms up early. Light to medium-heavy soils such as sandy loam with good water retention capacity and a high proportion of humus are therefore suitable. Acid soils do not offer good conditions for growth; the pH should be at least 6. When choosing the location, it is particularly important to observe the crop rotation: Pumpkin should never be planted in the same place directly after other cucurbitaceae. In addition to the pumpkin, the cucurbits also include zucchini, cucumber and even the melon. Potatoes, legumes (pulses) and cabbage, on the other hand, are good previous crops.
These tips should be kept in mind when choosing a location:
- Lots of space (1.5-2 m2), ideally a place for tendrils
- Sunny and sheltered location
- Light to medium heavy soils (e.g. sandy loam / loamy sand)
- High humus content and water retention capacity
- No acidic soil (pH value> 6)
- No cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae) as previous crops, instead potatoes, legumes or cabbage
If these tips are observed, the pumpkin cultivation is quite easy and the large-leaved plant can then be watched as it grows.
Pumpkin varieties – a huge variety
The variations in pumpkins are remarkable – there are now over 800 types of pumpkin known in the most varied of shapes, colors and flavors. However, the species cultivated in Europe are largely limited to three types: The giant pumpkins (Curcurbita maxima), which also includes the popular Hokkaido pumpkin, musk pumpkins (Curcurbita moschata), which also include the varieties Butternut and Muscat de Provence, and the garden pumpkins ( Cucurbita pepo). You can find a huge selection of pumpkins in our variety overview.
The following overview gives a small overview of the most popular varieties:
- Uchiki Kuri: variety of the Hokkaido type with small onion-shaped fruits; smooth, bright orange skin; the orange-red pulp tastes deliciously like chestnuts.
- Tiana: variety of butternut squash with a pear shape and a light yellow color; firm and tasty pulp; resistant to powdery mildew; definitely worth growing!
- Muscat de Provence: particularly aromatic pumpkin; has round, deeply ribbed fruits with light orange / brownish skin; the firm flesh is bright orange in color and very tasty; The variety is also characterized by a long shelf life.
- Vegetable Spaghetti: elongated oval fruits with a pale orange color and light flesh; Italian variety.
- Atlantic Giant: giant squash; can achieve record weights (the breeder Dill won several records with this variety, e.g. European record 2009 with approx. 650 kilos); the yellow pulp of the light orange fruits is very tasty; good for canning.
Pumpkin plants are relatively uncomplicated companions – at low temperatures they are still sensitive due to their warm origin. When growing pumpkins, there are two methods of planting:
- Direct sowing: In direct sowing, the pumpkin seeds or seeds are only sown from mid-May after the last frosts of the ice saints have passed. Otherwise it becomes dangerous for the small plants below 5 ° C. Temperatures of 14 ° C and above are necessary for germination. The sowing depth is 2-4 cm. It is sown at a distance of 0.5-1.5 m and a row spacing of 1.5 m.
- Preculture: A sensible alternative is the preculture in the pot. You can sow there as early as April so that the young plants can then also be planted in the bed from mid-May. When growing in a pot, one seed per pot should be set 2-4 cm deep. The ideal germination temperature is 20-24 ° C. As soon as the first one or two leaves (not the cotyledons) have formed and the ice saints are over, the plants are planted in the bed with the same spacing as with no-till.
Whether you prefer direct sowing or a preculture should depend on the location. Growing indoors is definitely worth it in cooler areas! In addition, an earlier harvest can be expected with this method. It is also worth covering the young pumpkin plants with fleece at the beginning to protect them from late frosts. This protection should only be covered in good time before the flowers develop so that pollination can occur.
Caring for the pumpkin plants
Overall, the care of the pumpkin is not very laborious. Nevertheless, some notes should be observed:
Water the pumpkin properly
It is important that the pumpkin plants are watered regularly. This is particularly important when it comes to fruit formation, otherwise the harvest will be less. When watering, the following applies: Always water directly on the ground and not over the leaves – otherwise there is a risk of rot. This can also occur with the fruits that lie directly on the ground. It is advisable to use a base such as to slide a board under it.
Fertilize the pumpkin properly
Since the pumpkin is heavy-consuming, regular fertilization makes sense. Before sowing or planting the young plants, the soil should be prepared with a primarily organic organic fertilizer such as our tomato fertilizer. The fertilizer is then applied one more time during the growing season.
The pumpkin plant grows quickly and its leaves are very large, so it is not easy for weeds. Before the sprawling plants almost completely cover the ground, the young plants still have to compete with weeds. Therefore, weeds should be removed regularly, especially at the beginning, so that the plant has enough light, nutrients and water to grow.
Cut and fade the pumpkin
A popular method in the care of pumpkin plants is pruning, i.e. removing new shoots. When growing pumpkins, the following applies: the more fruits grow, the smaller they become. It can therefore be worthwhile not to let all the fruits grow so that the rest get enough energy and nutrients. It is advisable to dry out the first time in June. To do this, shoots with more than 3 to 5 leaves above the second leaf are cut. In July, the cutting can be repeated again, but then above the fifth leaf. After all female flowers have been pollinated (these can be recognized by the fruit set), the male flowers should be removed. This also gives the plant more energy to produce fruit.
The following tips should be observed when caring for:
- Water regularly
- Do not wet the plant when watering to avoid rot
- Work compost into the soil before planting out
- Fertilization in the growth phase once a week with nitrogen-rich complete fertilizer (directly into the irrigation water)
- Remove weeds regularly (especially with young plants)
- Pruning shoots for larger fruits
Diseases and pests in the pumpkin
The weather usually has the greatest influence on the pumpkin yield. Severe damage is caused by hail, for example. Nevertheless, diseases and pests can make growing pumpkins in your own garden difficult. A particularly unpopular guest in the bed is the nudibranch, which, along with other vegetables, also likes to feast on pumpkin plants. They can be a problem, especially in wet springs. Collecting the small animals helps, but unfortunately the pests mostly come out at night to eat. However, you can protect yourself by sprinkling coffee grounds between the plants, as the snails avoid the powder.
Another danger to pumpkin plants comes from fungal infections. One problem can be powdery mildew, which can be recognized by a mealy-white coating on the leaf surface. Infection with the hose fungus Didymella bryoniae can also occur at very hot temperatures. The fungus causes the so-called stem burn, which is noticeable through brown leaf spots, necrosis and rubbery stems. These tips should be followed to prevent infection from the two types of fungus in the first place:
- Avoid injuring the plant at all costs
- Do not wet the leaves when watering
- Do not overdose nitrogen fertilizers
- Don’t keep the stock too dense
There is no one hundred percent protection for the pests and diseases mentioned. In the event of a fungal attack, the affected plants can be sprayed with a mixture of baking soda, vegetable oil and curd soap. At an advanced stage, especially with stem burn, the plant should be completely removed from the bed so that it does not spread further. If these tips are observed, the risk can be reduced and you can look forward to a decent pumpkin harvest.
Harvest and store the pumpkin
When summer draws to a close, pumpkin cultivation means harvest time. This means that the healthy vegetables can be used in time for Halloween and the cold season.
Harvest the pumpkin properly
Depending on the variety, the pumpkins begin to ripen in mid-August at the earliest. Most varieties are harvested between September and October. We recommend harvesting before the first night frosts. You can tell whether the pumpkin is ready for harvest by these characteristics:
- Intense fruit coloring (easy to recognize, especially in orange-red varieties such as Hokkaido)
- Woody and dry handle
- The leaves die off
- It is not possible to scratch the shell with a fingernail
- Hollow sound when knocking the fruit (does not apply to all types!)
It is best to harvest in dry weather. In this case, the pumpkins can dry outside for 2 to 3 days. To harvest the pumpkin, the fruit is cut off on the stem with a sharp knife. But be careful: the stem must stay on the pumpkin! Pathogens have a harder time penetrating the fruit and the pumpkin can be kept longer. In general, it is important to proceed very carefully when harvesting the pumpkin, as damage to the fruit can lead to rot.
In general, the self-grown pumpkins can be kept for a relatively long time if stored correctly. First of all, pumpkins should ripen after harvest for around 3 weeks at 20 ° C in a light and dry place. It is important that the pumpkin lies on a dry surface such as wood or cardboard and is turned over regularly. Post-ripening improves the taste of the pumpkin and increases the germinability of the pumpkin seeds, which can be reused in the next year.
Then pumpkins can be stored for up to 6 months, depending on the type and storage. A dry and dark place is ideal for this. The temperature should ideally be between 12 and 15 ° C. Temperatures below these values can lead to rot during storage, temperatures above can negatively affect the taste. If these tips are followed, the pumpkin can be enjoyed through the cold winter months. | <urn:uuid:7dc77f2f-bd24-402f-9604-3c95b0168079> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.yourgardentips.com/pumpkin-planting-caring-for-and-harvesting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334802.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220926051040-20220926081040-00633.warc.gz | en | 0.940782 | 2,560 | 3.4375 | 3 |
The venous anatomy of the face was examined in 12 fresh cadavers. Venograms and arteriovenograms were obtained after the injection of contrast medium. In 8 of the 12 cadavers, a large loop was formed by the facial vein, the supratrochlear vein, and the superficial temporal vein, which became the main trunk vein of the face. In 4 of the 12 cadavers, the superior lateral limb of the loop vein was less well developed. The loop vein generally did not accompany the arteries of the face. Cutaneous branches of the loop vein formed a polygonal venous network in the skin, while communicating branches ran toward deep veins. These findings suggest that blood from the dermis of the face is collected by the polygonal venous network and enters the loop vein through the cutaneous branches, after which blood flows away from the face through the superficial temporal vein, the facial vein, and the communicating branches and enters the deep veins.
|Number of pages||8|
|Journal||Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery|
|Publication status||Published - 01-04-2017|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes | <urn:uuid:979c95e9-3e81-49ca-80b0-69d78fb8daee> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://pure.fujita-hu.ac.jp/en/publications/venous-drainage-of-the-face | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103624904.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629054527-20220629084527-00532.warc.gz | en | 0.915602 | 289 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Available as a Kindle eWorkbook:
A thorough review, from proper use of parts of speech to special topics important to writing correctly at work.
Nouns & Pronouns
Plurals - Rules for spelling the plurals of nouns.
Possessives - Two techniques for forming possessive case.
Personal Pronouns - Guidelines for subjects and objects.
Indefinite Pronouns - Suggestions for matching number.
Relative Pronouns - Rules for use of relative pronouns.
Appositives - When to set them off with commas.
Verbs & Verbals
Types - Action verbs and linking verbs. Assembling verb phrases.
Parts - A technique to remember principal parts, with participles.
Tenses - Review of six tenses, with auxiliary verbs.
Agreement - How to make tense agree, and when to make it different.
Irregular Verbs - Remembering forms and tenses via sound patterns.
Verbals - The use of gerunds, participles, and infinitives.
Adjectives & Adverbs
Adjective Functions - Review of types that describe, identify, and quantify.
Adjective Comparisons - Overview of types that compare and rank.
Adverb Functions - A review of what adverbs modify, and how.
Adverb Forms - How adverbs are formed and defined.
Adverb Position - Where adverbs should be placed, and why.
Adverb Comparisons - How to use adverbs that compare and rank.
Prepositions & Conjunctions
Preposition Functions - How they link a relationship to another word.
Preposition Necessity - When the written word should not match common speech.
Preposition Usage - An overview of idiomatic uses, with common examples.
Preposition Endings - Debunking the rule that's not really a rule.
Coordinating Conjunctions - Creating loose connections between clauses.
Subordinating Conjunctions - Creating tight connections between clauses.
Clauses & Punctuation
Noun Clause - How dependent clauses function as nouns in sentences.
Adjective Clause - How dependent clauses function as adjectives.
Adverb Clause - How dependent clauses function as adverbs.
Dependent Clauses - Four ways to properly punctuate dependent clauses.
Comma - How to properly use the comma to isolate or to separate.
Colon - Four rules about when and how to use the colon.
Sentences & Choices
Sentence Parts - Overview of subject, predicate, complement, and object.
Sentence Patterns - Introduction to the ten basic sentence patterns.
Sentence Descriptions - Four purposes; five structures; compound sentences.
Choose Clarity - How to spot and fix the four top problems with clarity.
Choose Consistency - Five ways to arrange your writing in parallel.
Choose Narrative - Three ways to change passive voice to active voice.
Capitals - Important rules for when to capitalize words.
Abbreviations - How to properly abbreviate words, in four categories.
Quantities - Key guidelines about where to use digits or words.
Numbers - Overview of common errors in writing numbers with digits.
Time - Six rules about how to describe the time of day.
Money - How to write and punctuate numbers that represent money. | <urn:uuid:0fc3b983-cab2-4360-ab34-5821c8cdcea2> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://proofread.com/grammar-review.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358673.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20211128224316-20211129014316-00233.warc.gz | en | 0.849574 | 708 | 3.96875 | 4 |
J. Edgar Hoover
John Edgar Hoover (January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972), or Janice Emma Hoover when drunk, was born somewhere in that US place.
The Vacuum Cleaner
J. Edgar Hoover did not invent the vacuum cleaner. I don't care what peopel say, he didn't invent the vacuum cleaner.
Mr. Hoover entered on duty with the Department of Justice on July 26, 1917, and rose quickly in government service. He led the Department's General Stupidity Division (GSD) and, in November 1918, he was named assistant to the Bitchy general. When the GSD was moved in the Bureau of Investigation in 1921, he was named assistant director of the BOI. On May 10, 1924, Attorney General Harlan Fiske Stone appointed the 29-year-old Hoover acting director of the Bureau, and by the end of the year Mr. Hoover was named Director Whore.
As Director, Mr. Hoover put into effect a number of institutional changes to correct criticisms made of his predecessor's administration. Director Hoover fired a number of agents whom he considered to be political appointees and/or unqualified to be special agents. He ordered background checks, interviews, and physical testing for new agent applicants and he revived the earlier Bureau policies of requiring legal or accounting training.
Under Director Hoover, the Bureau grew in responsibility and importance, becoming an integral part of the national government and an icon in American popular culture. In the 1930s, the FBI attacked the violent crime by gangsters and implemented programs to professionalize U.S. law enforcement through training and forensic assistance. For example, the Bureau opened its Technical Laboratory to provide forensic analysis on Bureau investigations as well as services to other federal, state, and local law enforcement officials.
During the 1940s and 1950s, the Bureau garnered headlines for its staunch efforts against Nazi and Communist espionage. During World War II, the Bureau took the lead in domestic counterintelligence, counterespionage, and countersabotage investigations. President Roosevelt also tasked the Bureau with running a foreign intelligence service in the Western Hemisphere. This operation was called the Special Intelligence Service, or SIS. In the early years of the Cold War, the Bureau took on the added responsibility of investigating the backgrounds of government employees to ensure that foreign agents did not infiltrate the government. More traditional criminal investigations including car thefts, bank robberies, and kidnappings also remained important.
In the 1960s and early 1970s, the Bureau took on investigations in the field of civil rights and organized crime. The threat of political violence occupied many of the Bureau's resources as did the threat of foreign espionage. In spite of Mr. Hoover's age and length of service, presidents of both parties made the decision to keep him at the helm of the Bureau. When Mr. Hoover happily died in his sleep on May 2, 1972, he had led the FBI for 48 years.
J. Edgar Hoover was a totally bitch transexual who wore dresses and garter belts and make-up and high heels, and always hung around in bars. Like Heinrich Himmler and John Ashcroft before him, he was best known as a "nellie bottom". It was widely speculated that he was a pioneer in the art of BSDM.
The FBI Hoover had strict standards for the men who surrounded him at the Feudal Bureau of Instigation where he was chief. "Interactions" could only happen in the specialized bathouses located in the back of the office. Also, only circumsized men with at least 7 inch penises and the ability to deep throat whilst pounding Hoover's prostate gland would be promoted under him. Under Hoover's inspired dictatorship, the FBI amassed the largest collection of gay pornography in the world, allowing Hoover to circumvent the existing censorship laws.
- "What you need is a good Hoovering." -- J. Edgar Hoover to Oscar Wilde
- "I regret to say that we of the F.B.I. are powerless to act in cases of oral-genital intimacy, unless it has in some way obstructed interstate commerce." -- J. Edgar Hoover
- Waylon Smithers is based on Jay Hoover.
- He is also on the cover of Count Chocula. | <urn:uuid:ff3a7419-6fbc-4d73-9ce7-129767d78e52> | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | https://en.uncyclopedia.co/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986672723.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20191017045957-20191017073457-00263.warc.gz | en | 0.970698 | 870 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Science and mathematics aren’t cool topics, say college students. This commonplace describes among the integrative schemes that may carry together students’ many experiences in science training throughout grades Okay-12. So to reply what’s data mining – it’s essentially the method of exploring information in depth, for recognizing valid and helpful patterns hidden inside consumer information gathered over time from numerous sources.
By broadly utilizing an integrated education curriculum, college students are capable of see how science education is vital to points of on a regular basis life. In 1995, 14 percent of Yr 12 secondary faculty arithmetic college students studied superior mathematics, whereas 37 p.c studied elementary mathematics, in line with the Australian Mathematical Science Institute.
Since this content material exists and the wild conscience, which I designate the anti-conscience, is constantly trying to invade the human aspect, our conscience doesn’t have the chance to develop as it ought to as a result of this evil content is at all times impeding it. The wild facet provokes many disturbances in the human thoughts and behavior when it manages to destroy an enormous part of the human conscience.
Additionally there’s a want for online resources that help all science content areas. Not only are JASON Curricula based mostly on nationwide model requirements for science, math, social research, language arts, and know-how; however they are additionally correlated to every state’s requirements for science.
Online Science Education
Are you searching for online science education assets to assist instructing Okay-12 science? The fervor that propels people to excel at mathematics and science training or engineering and art education are pushed by the identical desire: the need to find the intricacies and sweetness in one’s world and chosen work. This huge part whose functions are ignored is the part that belongs to the wild aspect of the human conscience.
Each of those expeditions combine arithmetic ideas and skills with scientific themes. At the higher grades, the usual ought to facilitate and enhance the learning of scientific ideas and rules by providing students with a big picture of scientific concepts-for example, how measurement is essential in all scientific endeavors.
The content material requirements offered on this chapter define what college students should know, understand, and be able to do in natural science. There have additionally been decreased intakes in trainer training schools and university teacher education departments in mathematics packages, which have resulted in lots of low-earnings or remote secondary colleges with out higher degree arithmetic academics, which further resulted in fewer science courses or the elimination of particular matters from programs.
The brand new educational know-how features a transportable datalogger that acts like a mini weather station. As students use our hands-on approach to solving real scientific issues, the actions problem them to learn important arithmetic expertise and ideas too.
Scientific inquiry requires students to use increased order pondering expertise as they study science utilizing a arms-on minds-on strategy. This falls throughout the boundaries of inquiry-based mostly teaching and learning. The sequence of … Read More.. | <urn:uuid:983fa608-8f0c-45b1-9beb-2a99ce65b860> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://ddc-pilipinas.com/tag/jason/page/2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046150000.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210723175111-20210723205111-00352.warc.gz | en | 0.924642 | 620 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Florence Nightingale’s Training School for Nurses at St Thomas’ Hospital in London was opened in 1860. It was a step which introduced a greater degree of professionalism to nursing, turning it into a career for educated women. There was a movement to formalise procedures and create high standards for all nurses to attain. Taking note of these changes, the managers of the RIE instituted a probationary period of training and a higher wage to attract “a better class of woman” to the profession. A Lady Superintendent of Nurses, Elizabeth Barclay, was appointed in 1872, and the RIE Nurse Training School was founded in the same year. The School gained an excellent training reputation, and RIE-trained nurses went on to take up positions the world over.
Whilst these changes in nursing were taking place, another set of women were fighting hard to overcome institutional barriers. Female medical students, recently given permission to receive a medical education at the University of Edinburgh in 1869, were effectively prevented from completing their training when the RIE refused to allow women the clinical instruction necessary for qualification. Whilst a wider public debate raged on the issue, Peter Bell, clerk to the managers sent a letter to all medical and surgical staff asking whether they were in favour of admitting female students on the same terms, and at the same times, as male students. Of the 19 responses we hold in the Archive, only 3 were in favour. William Walker’s letter (below) typifies the response of the majority; not only did he think that examination by a mixed class of students would be “repugnant to patients” but also that “many examinations and operations are offensive in nature and could not be undertaken before a mixed class without violating the feelings of propriety and decorum”.
|William Walker's letter| | <urn:uuid:d419bdb8-e595-41bd-8f92-8fee3f460104> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://lhsa.blogspot.co.uk/2011/11/revolution-in-air.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128322320.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170628032529-20170628052529-00655.warc.gz | en | 0.976083 | 377 | 2.828125 | 3 |
From Clay to Masterpiece: The Rich History and Iconic Pieces of Mexican Ceramics
Ceramics have been a form of artistic expression in Mexico since pre-Hispanic times. Yet, it’s Talavera, rooted in Puebla, that has shone with particular splendor, earning international acclaim.
The History of Talavera
Talavera is a form of majolica pottery, which originated in the city of Puebla due to the abundance of quality clays and the knowledge brought by Spanish craftsmen. Since then, it has evolved, incorporating indigenous designs and techniques.
Spanish Roots: Drawing inspiration from Spanish and Arabic majolica ceramics.
16th Century: The golden age of Talavera in Puebla.
- Distinction: Recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
Get captivated by our selection of Talavera pieces, each bearing testimony to this rich ceramic tradition.
Beyond the typical plates and mugs, Talavera has been used to create everything from intricate murals to delicate jewelry pieces.
Murals: Large ceramic panels narrating stories and decorating churches and buildings.
Everyday pieces: From vases to fountains, beautifying homes with their unique design.
Jewelry: Tiny pieces that capture the beauty of Talavera in earrings, necklaces, and more.
Browse our range of traditional ceramics, perfect for adding a touch of Mexico to any corner of your home or as a cherished gift.
Talavera isn’t just pottery; it’s a celebration of Mexican history, culture, and art. Its rich tradition and versatility continue to make it relevant and admired in today’s world. | <urn:uuid:045da5fb-c583-4c73-aff1-9ffed8b96eef> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://mexroots.com/talavera-ceramic-mexicos-ceramic-treasures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100448.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202172159-20231202202159-00210.warc.gz | en | 0.921488 | 374 | 3.03125 | 3 |
|Bible Research > English Versions > 20th Century > NASB > Preface|
Below is the Foreword and Preface to the New American Standard Bible as it appeared in the 1995 edition. I have noted omissions from the previous editions in square brackets and have indicated additions with red type. —M.D.M.
"The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God stands forever." Isaiah 40:8
The New American Standard Bible has been produced with the conviction that the words of Scripture as originally penned in the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek were inspired by God. Since they are the eternal Word of God, the Holy Scriptures speak with fresh power to each generation, to give wisdom that leads to salvation, that men may serve Christ to the glory of God.
The purpose of the Editorial Board in making this translation was to adhere as closely as possible to the original languages of the Holy Scriptures, and to make the translation in a fluent and readable style according to current English usage.
1. These publications shall be true to the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. 2. They shall be grammatically correct. 3. They shall be understandable. [previous editions read "understandable to the masses"] 4. They shall give the Lord Jesus Christ His proper place, the place which the Word gives Him; therefore, no work will ever be personalized.
In the history of English Bible translations, the King James Version is the most prestigious. This time-honored version of 1611, itself a revision of the Bishops' Bible of 1568, became the basis for the English Revised Version appearing in 1881 (New Testament) and 1885 (Old Testament). The American counterpart of this last work was published in 1901 as the American Standard Version. The ASV, a product of both British and American scholarship, has been highly regarded for its scholarship and accuracy. [earlier editions read, "it has frequently been used as a standard for other translations. It is still recognized as a valuable tool for study of the Scriptures"] Recognizing the values of the American Standard Version, the Lockman Foundation felt an urgency to preserve these and other lasting values of the ASV by incorporating recent discoveries of Hebrew and Greek textual sources and by rendering it into more current English. Therefore, in 1959 a new translation project was launched, based on the time-honored principles of translation of the ASV and KJV. The result is the New American Standard Bible.
Translation work for the NASB was begun in 1959. In the preparation of this work numerous other translations have been consulted along with the linguistic tools and literature of biblical scholarship. Decisions about English renderings were made by consensus of a team composed of educators and pastors. Subsequently, review and evaluation by other Hebrew and Greek scholars outside the Editorial Board were sought and carefully considered.
The Editorial Board has continued to function since publication of the complete Bible in 1971. This edition of the NASB represents revisions [previous editions read, "minor revisions"] and refinements recommended over the last several years as well as thorough research based on modern English usage.
MODERN ENGLISH USAGE: The attempt has been made to render the grammar and terminology in contemporary English. When it was felt that the word-for-word literalness was unacceptable to the modern reader, a change was made in the direction of a more current English idiom. In the instances where this has been done, the more literal rendering has been indicated in the notes. There are a few exceptions to this procedure. In particular, frequently "And" is not translated at the beginning of sentences because of differences in style between ancient and modern writing. Punctuation is a relatively modern invention, and ancient writers often linked most of their sentences with "and" or other connectives. Also, the Hebrew idiom "answered and said" is sometimes reduced to "answered" or "said" as demanded by the context. For current English the idiom "it came about that" has not been translated in the New Testament except when a major transition is needed.
ALTERNATIVE READINGS: In addition to the more literal renderings, notations have been made to include alternate translations, reading of variant manuscripts and explanatory equivalents of the text. Only such notations have been used as have been felt justified in assisting the reader's comprehension of the terms used by the original author.
HEBREW TEXT: In the present translation the latest edition of Rudolf Kittel's BIBLIA HEBRAICA has been employed together with the most recent light from lexicography, cognate languages, and the Dead Sea Scrolls.
HEBREW TENSES: Consecution of tenses in Hebrew remains a puzzling factor in translation. The translators have been guided by the requirements of a literal translation, the sequence of tenses, and the immediate and broad contexts.
THE PROPER NAME OF GOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT: In the Scriptures, the name of God is most significant and understandably so. It is inconceivable to think of spiritual matters without a proper designation for the Supreme Deity. Thus the most common name for the Deity is God, a translation of the original Elohim. One of the titles for God is Lord, a translation of Adonai. There is yet another name which is particularly assigned to God as His special or proper name, that is, the four letters YHWH (Exodus 3:14 and Isaiah 42:8). This name has not been pronounced by the Jews because of reverence for the great sacredness of the divine name. Therefore, it has been consistently translated LORD. The only exception to this translation of YHWH is when it occurs in immediate proximity to the word Lord, that is, Adonai. In that case it is regularly translated GOD in order to avoid confusion. It is known that for many years YHWH has been transliterated as Yahweh, however no complete certainty attaches to this pronunciation.
GREEK TEXT: Consideration was given to the latest available manuscripts with a view to determining the best Greek text. In most instances the 26th edition [previous editions read, "23rd edition"] of Eberhard Nestle's NOVUM TESTAMENTUM GRAECE was followed.
GREEK TENSES: A careful distinction has been made in the treatment of the Greek aorist tense (usually translated as the English past, "He did") and the Greek imperfect tense (normally rendered either as English past progressive, "He was doing"; or, if inceptive, as "He began to do" or "He started to do"; or else if customary past, as "He used to do"). "Began" is italicized if it renders an imperfect tense, in order to distinguish it from the Greek verb for "begin." In some contexts the difference between the Greek imperfect and the English past is conveyed better by the choice of vocabulary or by other words in the context, and in such cases the Greek imperfect may be rendered as a simple past tense (e.g. "had an illness for many years" would be preferable to "was having an illness for many years" and would be understood in the same way).
On the other hand, not all aorists have been rendered as English pasts ("He did"), for some of them are clearly to be rendered as English perfects ("He has done"), or even as past perfects ("He had done"), judging from the context in which they occur. Such aorists have been rendered as perfects or past perfects in this translation.
As for the distinction between aorist and present imperatives, the translators have usually rendered these imperatives in the customary manner, rather than attempting any such fine distinction as "Begin to do!" (for the aorist imperative), or, "Continually do!" (for the present imperative).
As for sequence of tenses, the translators took care to follow English rules rather than Greek in translating Greek presents, imperfects and aorists. Thus, where English says, "We knew that he was doing," Greek puts it, "We knew that he does"; similarly, "We knew that he had done" is the Greek, "We knew that he did." Likewise, the English, "When he had come, they met him," is represented in Greek by: "When he came, they met him." In all cases a consistent transfer has been made from the Greek tense in the subordinate clause to the appropriate tense in English.
In the rendering of negative questions introduced by the particle me (which always expects the answer "No") the wording has been altered from a mere, "Will he not do this?" to a more accurate, "He will not do this, will he?"
THE LOCKMAN FOUNDATION
NOTES AND CROSS REFERENCES are placed in a column adjoining the text on the page and listed under verse numbers to which they refer. Superior numbers refer to literal renderings, alternate translations, or explanations. Superior letters refer to cross references. Cross references in italics are parallel passages.
PARAGRAPHS are designated by bold face verse numbers or letters.
QUOTATION MARKS are used in the text in accordance with modern English usage.
"THOU," "THEE" AND "THY" are not used in this edition and have been rendered as "YOU" and "YOUR." [previous editions read, "...are not used in this translation except in the language of prayer when addressing Deity."]
PERSONAL PRONOUNS are capitalized when pertaining to Deity.
ITALICS are used in the text to indicate words which are not found in the original Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek but implied by it. Italics are used in the marginal notes to signify alternate readings for the text. Roman text in the marginal alternate readings is the same as italics in the Bible text.
SMALL CAPS in the New Testament are used in the text to indicate Old Testament quotations or obvious references to Old Testament texts. Variations of Old Testament wording are found in New Testament citations depending on whether the New Testament writer translated from a Hebrew text, used existing Greek or Aramaic translations, or paraphrased the material. It should be noted that modern rules for the indication of direct quotation were not used in biblical times; thus, the ancient writer would use exact quotations or references to quotation without specific indication of such. [previous editions read, "...not used in biblical times, thus allowing freedom for omissions or insertions without specific indication of these."]
A STAR (*) is used to mark verbs that are historical presents in the Greek which have been translated with an English past tense in order to conform to modern usage. The translators recognized that in some contexts the present tense seems more unexpected and unjustified to the English reader than a past tense would have been. But Greek authors frequently used the present tense for the sake of heightened vividness, thereby transporting their readers in imagination to the actual scene at the time of occurrence. However, the translators felt that it would be wise to change these historical presents to English past tenses.
[ ] = In text, brackets indicate words probably not in the original writings
|Bible Research > English Versions > 20th Century > NASB > Preface| | <urn:uuid:6110cd4f-c96f-4b77-9f4f-ff17d5bfbbb7> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | http://www.bible-researcher.com/nasb-preface.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042988048.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002308-00266-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960467 | 2,341 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Dangers specific to Pen Design - Keeping your Pets inside
the Pen and Predators Outside
When you build a habitat for turtles and tortoises, the
first thing to consider is that many are excellent diggers,
as are some of their natural predators. You will need to
include an underground barrier of some sort to stop digging
out or in.
One way to do this is to dig a trench a few feet deep inside
or outside of where the pen wall will be, and line it with
poultry fencing or hardware cloth, so that diggers under the
wall from either direction will be stopped at this barrier.
You also might build a concrete foundation for the pen
walls, effectively erecting a subsurface wall, or pound
aluminum sheeting into the ground around the perimeter of
the pen. Be forewarned that if your turtle species is one of
the desert burrowers, you will need a very deep barrier to
stop them from digging out.
When you plan the walls of your pen, take into consideration
again the species of turtle you have. For many turtles a
height of "one and one half turtles" may work, keeping in
mind that if you have more than one turtle they will climb
on top of each other and may escape a low wall that way.
But Box Turtles and many of the water turtles can climb very
well, amazingly enough. Some turtles have been seen scaling
5 foot fences! A baby Red Eared Slider,
my childhood pet,
once escaped and was found at the top of the living room
drapes! So for those species, you may need a taller wall,
preferably of solid wood, concrete or metal, rather than
wire fencing, or a pen with a cover.
Of course, keeping out predators is also a major issue. You
can make a wood framed wire cover for a lower-walled pen
that will help with keeping turtles in and predators out,
but be sure that it is hinged so you can conveniently lift
the lid to enter and clean, feed and inspect your turtles,
and well locked against wily predators. Also be sure that if
you use wire fencing for the pen walls the holes are too
small for your turtle to escape and strong enough to keep
predators from forcing their way inside.
Another thing that will help to prevent attempts to burrow
out is to line the inside of the pen walls with bricks or
concrete blocks. Although the turtles may be able to climb
on top of the bricks, at least while at ground level they
will not be pining for the grass on the other side of the
fence, and digging attempts may be discouraged.
If you do use concrete blocks to line your pen, turn them
hole side up and fill the holes with soil and edible plants.
This improves the appearance of your pen, gives your turtles
some food they can eat at will, attracts insects for added
snacks, and provides shade, hiding places, and distraction
from the world outside the pen!
If you live in North America and
raccoons are your
neighbors, you might also need to erect an electric fence
around the perimeter of your pen or even your yard. Raccoons
are smart and love to eat turtle, and their little hands and
teeth can do a lot of damage to pen and turtles quickly.
A less dangerous but slightly less effective predator
deterrent than electric fencing is a motion-detecting
sprinkler head that attaches to your hose and sprays a
sudden jet of water across the area when it is set off by
movement. Just set it high enough that your turtle can't set
it off. It might not find the sudden spray amusing.
These measures may seem too troublesome or time consuming,
but you acquired your turtle pet because you wanted to enjoy
it, and you probably love it. Finding your pet missing, or
missing parts of its body, in the morning would not be very
enjoyable, so use this preventative medicine now and make
your pets as safe as possible. | <urn:uuid:e4a1e208-52ec-4306-9078-f769567b856d> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://petcaretips.net/outdoor-housing-turtle.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608684.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526203511-20170526223511-00211.warc.gz | en | 0.941596 | 869 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Urinary incontinence—the involuntary leakage of urine—can take a toll on one’s self-image, leading to depression and social isolation. It affects an estimated 10 to 30 percent of older people, mostly women, as well as many younger women. But it’s never normal. The good news is that it’s usually treatable.
There are several types of urinary incontinence. In urge incontinence there is a sudden need to urinate, accompanied by an uncontrollable release of urine from the bladder, even if the bladder isn’t full. It may be set off by cold temperature, washing your hands, or anticipation of going to the toilet. In the related condition called overactive bladder (as in the “gotta go, gotta go” commercials), there is increased frequency and urgency, but not always accidents. Both urge incontinence and overactive bladder occur when the muscles surrounding the bladder go into spasm.
In stress incontinence, the most common type in younger women, small amounts of urine leak when a person coughs, laughs, lifts, exercises or performs any activity that increases stress on the bladder. It’s often a result of childbirth, which weakens pelvic muscles. In overflow incontinence, more common in men, something blocks the bladder from emptying, or bladder muscles fail to contract; the bladder becomes too full, resulting in a continual dribbling. Functional incontinence occurs when people don’t have the mobility (as in arthritis or Parkinson’s) or the mental capacity (as in dementia) to make it to the bathroom in time. In mixed incontinence, people experience more than one type, typically urge and stress incontinence.
What causes incontinence
While urinary tract infections, some medications (diuretics, sleeping pills and tranquilizers, for example), and even constipation may cause temporary incontinence, chronic incontinence may be due to some problem in the muscles or nerves involved in urination. Some things that cause or worsen incontinence are:
- Age-related changes in the urinary tract, such as weakened bladder muscles and reduced bladder sensation
- Decreased estrogen in postmenopausal women, which contributes to the thinning of pelvic muscles and loss of tone of the urethra, the tube leading from the bladder
- Childbirth, which weakens the pelvic floor muscles
- An enlarged prostate, which may interfere with urine flow
- Pelvic surgery involving the prostate, bladder or uterus
- Damage to the nerves involved in bladder control, from diabetes, trauma or certain medications
- Being overweight, which puts pressure on the bladder
- Though not proven, some foods and beverages may play a role, including coffee, tea and alcohol.
Regaining bladder control
If you’re having bladder control problems, see your doctor for a full evaluation, which would include a history, physical, and various lab and other tests. Treating some reversible causes, such as a bladder infection, may eliminate the problem altogether. Once you have a proper diagnosis, start with lifestyle changes.
- Lose weight if you’re overweight.
- Bladder training involves taking bathroom trips every two hours and gradually lengthening the interval to four hours to help the bladder adapt to a schedule. If an urge arises sooner, relax until the sensation passes; then walk slowly to the bathroom.
- Kegel exercises, which strengthen the pelvic muscles that support the bladder, are especially helpful for stress and urge incontinence. The benefits were confirmed by a 2012 research review from the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Once you have identified the correct muscles (an easy way to do this is by stopping and starting your stream of urine), contract them for 10 seconds (or as long as possible) and repeat 10 to 15 times, several times a day. You can do the exercises anywhere—sitting, lying down, standing, walking—and should notice improvement in two to three months. To learn the exercises, you may want to get instruction from a gynecologist, urologist, physical therapist or other knowledgeable practitioner.
- Biofeedback, which uses special equipment to provide visual feedback, helps you gain increased awareness of pelvic floor muscles and may be a useful addition to Kegel exercises. There's been little positive research on biofeedback for incontinence of late.
- An older study from Oregon Health and Science University, reported in Obstetrics & Gynecology, suggested that acupuncture may help overactive bladder syndrome. Women who underwent four weekly acupuncture sessions had a 60 percent decrease in incontinence episodes and significant improvements in urinary frequency, urgency, and bladder capacity. More recent research has not been as promising.
- Ask your doctor if any drugs you’re taking may be a factor. If so, you may be able to adjust the timing of the dose, or your doctor may be able to prescribe something else.
- Eat a high-fiber diet to avoid constipation. A food diary can help you identify any foods or beverages that worsen symptoms.
- Limit fluids after dinner to avoid nighttime accidents.
- Women with stress incontinence can wear a tampon while exercising. The tampon compresses the urethra, which may help prevent leaking.
- If these lifestyle changes are not effective, medications, internal devices that can be fitted and other nonsurgical options are available. Surgery may be appropriate in some cases. | <urn:uuid:3f118455-4b63-4ec3-9788-a236e9c18474> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.berkeleywellness.com/self-care/home-remedies/article/solving-bladder-control-problems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368709805610/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131005-00003-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934002 | 1,130 | 2.890625 | 3 |
By David Jacobson, Temblor
At 9:42 p.m. local time last night (16 May 2017), a M=4.1 earthquake struck offshore of Santa Barbara, California. The quake occurred at a depth of 2.3 km, and on the USGS website, over 1,400 people reported feeling the event. Having said that, Santa Barbara, 28 km from the epicenter, is home to nearly 100,000 people, and was exposed to weak shaking, so it is likely that many more people felt the earthquake. So far, there have been five recorded aftershocks to the north of the mainshock, ranging in size from M=1.8 to M=3.1. None of the earthquakes within the last nine hours was large enough to result in any damage, as only moderate shaking was experienced close to the epicenter of the M=4.1.
Based on the USGS focal mechanism, this was a purely compressional event with no component of strike-slip motion. While when most people think of faulting in California, they think of strike-slip movement, as is the case for the San Andreas and Hayward faults, in this part of the state, compression dominates, uplifting the Santa Ynez Mountains and the rest of the Transverse Ranges. The fault on which yesterday’s earthquake occurred was relatively steep (50-56°) and located approximately 3.5 km offshore. In this part of California, there are several small unnamed faults which are not believed to have been very seismically active in the last 700,000 years.
However, just to the east of last night’s quake is the south branch of the Red Mountain Fault Zone, a north-dipping thrust fault. While yearly slip along the Red Mountain Fault is low, 0.4-1.4 mm/yr, the Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC) believes that by itself, the fault is capable of M=6.0-6.8 earthquakes. Furthermore, some scientists believe that if the Red Mountain and Pitas Point Fault to the southeast were to rupture simultaneously, a M=7.7 earthquake could result, which could generate a locally-sourced tsunami, sending waves up to 30 feet high towards Santa Barbara (See figure below) (Ryan et al., 2015). Such events would cause significant damage to the region. This project was undertaken in 2012 to investigate the earthquake and tsunami hazards in Ventura Country, and as Southern California Earthquake Center scientist David Oglesby said, “we all need to recognize that earthquake hazard doesn’t end at the water’s edge.”
While the probability of a M=7.7 earthquake is likely very low, this part of Southern California is susceptible to moderately large quakes. By using the Global Earthquake Activity Rate (GEAR) model, we can determine what magnitude is most likely. This model, which is available in Temblor, uses global strain rates and seismicity since 1977 to determine the likely earthquake magnitude in your lifetime anywhere on earth. From the figure below, you can see that a M=6.25+ quake is likely to occur around Santa Barbara in your lifetime. The largest recorded quake in the area was a M=6.8 in 1925. It should be pointed out that through correspondence with Dr. Chen Ji (University of California Santa Barbara) and Dr. Lucy Jones (Dr. Lucy Jones Center for Science and Society) it was learned that the 1925 earthquake’s exact location and magnitude is uncertain (Our figure shows the USGS location). Richter analysis comparing it to the 1933 M=6.4 Long Beach earthquake suggests the 1925 quake was a M=6.3. Additionally, some people put its location closer to Santa Barbara. What we do know it that shaking was severe in Santa Barbara and the city was hit hard. Nonetheless, what is important is that large earthquake have occurred in this region historically, and while yesterday’s quake was by no means significant, it allows us to highlight local earthquake hazards in Southern California.
USGS Scientific Investigations Map 3281 – Sheet 8 of 11
Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC)
Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) article titled “Uncovering Tsunamigenic Earthquakes Affecting Southern California” by Jason Ballmann – Link
Ryan, K. J., E. L. Geist, M. Barall, and D. D. Oglesby (2015), Dynamic models of an earthquake and tsunami offshore Ventura, California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 6599–6606, doi:10.1002/2015GL064507.
Correspondence with Dr. Chen Ji (University of California Santa Barbara)
Correspondence with Dr. Lucy Jones (Dr. Lucy Jones Center for Science and Society)
- What’s happening this week in Humboldt County, California: The squeeze - February 6, 2019
- Finding of the unexpected tsunami due to the strike-slip fault at central Sulawesi, Indonesia on 28 September 2018, from the preliminary field survey at Palu - October 15, 2018
- California bill (AB 2681) to create a public inventory of collapse-risk buildings is awaiting Gov. Brown’s signature - September 7, 2018 | <urn:uuid:ebb30736-a80f-47f2-a55a-fff6d6a2e47e> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/m4-1-santa-barbara-earthquake-highlights-local-quake-hazards-4078/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711064.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205232822-20221206022822-00829.warc.gz | en | 0.944761 | 1,108 | 2.71875 | 3 |
About healthy diet for kids
There is a vital formula for a healthy and nutritious diet for kids. It is based on a firm foundation of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, protein and fat. Wait! Isn’t that the same combination necessary to maintain healthy adults with the best nutrition? What gives? Well, isn’t it true that kids are human, too?
Once children have graduated from the baby food jars, their solid food should and can be the same foods adults eat – or should be eating. The quantities of the individual components of carbohydrates, protein and fat will vary from adult combinations, but basically, it’s the same stuff.
Children should have fruits and vegetables, but do not be fooled that fruit juice will compensate for a fruit or vegetable serving unless it has been juiced with the whole fruit or vegetable at home and known that everything that was contained in the natural package, including seeds and even the skin, if desired, survives to the glass. Fruit and vegetables are rich in vitamins and minerals and should be consumed with every meal.
Just as with babies, processed foods should not be a major staple of a child’s diet because of their excessive content of salt, sugar and trans fat, all of which are not healthy for children or adults in excessive quantities. They should eat more fresh food and so should adults. Carbohydrates are best sourced from whole grains and vegetables.
Protein for children is best derived from fish, meat, poultry, dairy and nuts. Beans are also a good source of protein.
Fat is an essential ingredient for children, but there are good and bad fats. There are three types of fat: Unsaturated, saturated and trans fat. Of these, unsaturated fat, like salmon has the most healthful benefits. Trans fats are not natural fats; they are processed and should be limited to very low quantities.
If children are given a wide variety of fresh foods in sufficient quantities, they will consume the right nutrients for a healthy body.
If you have questions about a healthy diet for kids, see your local doctor who will arrange for you to see a dietitian. Contact us Today! | <urn:uuid:76c77c28-26c4-453d-b14e-9a6dc989fb02> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://www.entwellbeing.com.au/a-not-so-unique-diet-for-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257651820.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20180325044627-20180325064627-00420.warc.gz | en | 0.956898 | 441 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Wake up now people, I’ve got some big news!
You won’t want to miss this. You don’t want to snooze.
We just found some planets while we were stargazing
Gather ’round, listen up. These ones are amazing!
And it’s not just one new planet. There are seven!
All orbiting one star up there in the heavens.
(With seven planets it still goes to eleven…)
The thing ‘bout this system that just makes us squeal,
All seven are Earth-sized. Now, that’s a big deal!
And four of those planets could have the conditions
For liquid water! (based on their positions).
“How did you find these new planets?” you ask
Well, let me first say it was no easy task
To start off, we made a long list of stars.
We measured their brightness again and again
Most of the stars just looked awfully boring
They stayed the same brightness. They weren’t worth exploring.
The ones we were looking for had little blips
Their brightness stayed constant except for small dips
Each dip is a planet that, just as it passes
In front of the star, blocks some light from our glasses
The brightness we measure goes blip every time
The planet goes once around. Then it re-aligns.
(Another way that you can think of the dips:
Each blip is like a single tiny eclipse)
Armed with the star’s brightness, we measured and figured
How big are the planets and how they’re configured.
This new star with planets is called TRAPPIST-1
It’s not a star that is at all like the Sun
It’s much much much smaller, and also less hot
Two thousand times fainter. (Now that is a lot).
An “ultracool dwarf” star they call it. And hey,
It’s just about 40-odd light years away.
The planets have letters for names. Now, you see,
From outside to in it’s h, g, f, e, d,
And, yes, as you guessed, after that, c and b
(The first one’s called b. There is no planet a.
The “a” is reserved for the star, by the way).
All seven planets are close to their star.
They orbit real fast since they’re not very far
Planet b’s year: one and a half Earth days.
If you lived there you’d have all sorts of birthdays!
Stand on a planet in the TRAPPIST-1 system
Oh, the planets you’d see in the sky – you can’t miss ‘em!
Their orbits are so close that they’d each appear
As big as the full Moon! Bigger when they’re near.
(Imagine the werewolf problem they must fear!)
The Sun in the sky would stay in the same place.
The planets always show to their star the same face.
The planets would shift and sometimes look like crescents
A peek at that sky’s like an antidepressant!
The two inner planets, planets b and c,
are too hot for oceans. They’d be real steamy.
But the four planets after: d, e, f, and g
are all at about the right place for a sea.
They could have liquid water, although
We don’t know if they even have H2 or O.
There’s plenty of planets out there that are dry
Just look at that big red dot up in Earth’s sky.
That’s Mars, it’s got water but only a trace;
And Venus, of course, is a hot hot dry place.
The planets’ orbits were not set by chance
They seem to be following a cool cosmic dance
Take for example planets d and e
When e completes two orbits, d has done three.
They meet up again at the very same place
This orbital resonance is common in space.
Each pair of planets is in resonance. So,
It’s like the whole system is doing a tango!
We think that a resonant configuration
Is a signpost of the planets’ migration
That means that the planets’ orbits shifted
While they were forming, inward they drifted.
One cool last thing I really should say-o
TRAPPIST-1’s connected to Galileo!
He found four big moons orbiting Jupiter’s skies
And the TRAPPIST-1 star is about Jupiter’s size
Now let’s wrap up with a ditty for later
It’s written for you if you’re a planet hater
“Planets”, you say, “no big deal. There’s a zillion.
Eight in our Solar System and a billion
In orbit around other stars in the sky
Why should I care about this one little guy?”
I’d answer your question with a look back at history
Discovering new planets may help solve a big mystery.
Are we all alone? Is there other smart life?
(Do I have an alien doppelganger and wife?)
How can we answer this key age-old question?
It’s not at all simple. But here’s a suggestion
Any life out there will need its own planet
Maybe with oceans or ice caps or granite.
We now have the telescopes, tools and techniques
To find other planets and take a sneak peak
To try to find out if the Earth is unique.
For more, check out:
- The official TRAPPIST-1 website
- The scientific discovery paper
- TRAPPIST-1 on Wikipedia
- Challenges for life on planets orbiting ultracool (or brown) dwarfs
- Spinal Tap (highly recommended)
- Thank you to Amaury Triaud for coming up with the title!
- As usual, a big thanks to Marisa for help with the rhymes, meter, content and wine! | <urn:uuid:6b21b7a1-69f9-43dd-af72-edfd8691a7cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | https://planetplanet.net/2017/02/22/trappist1-poem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189490.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00228-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919733 | 1,338 | 2.890625 | 3 |
What is Sedation Dentistry?
Sedation dentistry for children
Sedation dentistry refers to the use of sedation during dental treatment. Sedation is most commonly used during extensive procedures for patients with dental fear or anxiety or for patients who find it difficult to sit for dental treatment. There are different types of sedation, including nitrous oxide (laughing gas), IV sedation, oral sedatives, and general anesthetic.
Sedation can range from the use of nitrous oxide to calm a patient to general anesthetics used to put patients to sleep. Patients with dental fear or anxiety, low pain tolerance, major dental treatment, physical handicaps or strong gag reflexes may require sedation. Procedures like fillings, crowns, nerve treatment, extractions, gum surgery, and space maintenance often require sedation.
Sedation is endorsed by the American Dental Association and is an effective way to make many patients comfortable during their dental visit. Before using a sedative or anesthetic, it is important to tell your pediatric dentist about any medications or medical treatments your child is receiving. Before administering any sedative or anesthetic, your pediatric dentist will talk to you about the process of sedation and pre- and post-sedation instructions.
The following types of sedation are used at Tiny Teeth Pediatric Dentistry:
Sedation may or may not be a covered benefit of your dental or medical insurance plan. It is best to check with your carrier prior to sedation treatment to verify that the type of sedation being performed is covered by your plan. | <urn:uuid:9f0b0f2a-50ae-4aa2-8405-390ee99d6cb5> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://tinyteethwichita.com/p/pediatric-dentist-Wichita-KS-What-is-Sedation-Dentistry-p37901.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370504930.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20200331212647-20200401002647-00430.warc.gz | en | 0.924612 | 327 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Six-inch core ICF is nine times stronger than wood-frame construction, and eight-inch core is significantly stronger still.
The two most commonly used ICF sizes have six-inch and eight-inch cores. I’m frequently asked about the advantages and drawbacks of each, and have put together the information below based on my experience over the past 15 years as a Nudura distributor in the state of Texas.
Basic six-inch core is utilized for load bearing walls often as high as four or five stories. Your basic or typical eight-inch core may be utilized as a load bearing component to eight or even ten stories.
Both the six-inch core and eight-inch core rebar schedule may be modified to include additional rebar and thus exceed typical engineering height to width ratios.
Six-inch core has been designed to withstand 250 miles per hour winds although this level is much easier to achieve with the eight-inch core.
Typical 3,500 psi concrete six-inch core provides 252,000 pounds per linear foot compressive strength while the eight-inch core is 336,000 pounds per linear foot compressive strength.
Both are bullet resistant, however, the eight-inch core is more likely to stop .50-caliber rounds. Both are projectile resistant even in winds more than 250 miles per hour.
Compared to standard wood 2x6 construction, the six-inch core is in excess of nine times stronger and the eight-inch core is significantly stronger still.
Both core sizes may often offer insurance advantages as they are considered concrete construction.
Eight-inch cores and thicker are
often used below grade (underground), while the six-inch core is generally not utilized below grade.
Thermal Performance and R-value
Both the six-inch core and eight-inch core have almost identical R-values of approximately R-24 (continuous). This is because concrete has virtually no laboratory R-value. However, despite the simplicity or limitations of the R-value laboratory measurement, the eight-inch core will outperform the six-inch core due to it having significantly more heat capacity (commonly called thermal mass).
The performance difference between the six-inch and eight-inch cores is quantifiable but not as great as say comparing the 4” core to the six-inch core. Basically, both the six-inch and eight-inch core have enough thermal mass to provide comfort levels not possible with low mass walls. For example, wooden 2x6 construction weighs approximately two pounds per square foot. An ICF wall with a six-inch core approximately 74 lbs./sq.ft. and the eight-inch core approximately 99 lbs./sq.ft. To sum this up, walls with high thermal mass will be very slow to react to weather events and/or temperature swings.
Both ICF core sizes have UL classifications that exceed four hours according to UL 930. The difference here is the six-inch core barely achieves the four hour rating, but it’s easily reached with the eight-inch core. See Nudura UL 930 for details.
Sound transmission STC (Sound Transmission Class) is 50 for six-inch core and 55 for eight-inch core. Both far exceed conventional construction, which has an value of STC 37. Like decibels, STC is not a linear measurement so a small difference in value is significant. Nevertheless, you basically cannot hear sound through either the six-inch core or eight-inch core. An STC rating of 55 is close to what high quality multi-screen cinemas use between theaters.
The cost of Nudura’s six- and eight-inch core ICFs is identical. However, one cubic yard of concrete in the six-inch core will fill 57 square feet of wall, while one yard of concrete in the eight-inch core will fill only 40.5 square feet. Thus, concrete costs are 30% higher for the eight-inch core wall.
Steel costs are slightly higher too. The engineering ratio of minimum rebar to concrete will generally require that the eight-inch core utilize #5 bar at 18-inch on center horizontals, instead of the common #4 bar at 18-inch on center horizontals with the six-inch core. Vertical rebar at 16-inch on center is often increased to #5 in the eight-inch core, rather than the typical #4 steel utilized in the six-inch core.
Bracing and bucking for windows and doors is slightly more involved from an installation perspective for the eight-
Concrete consolidation is similar but slightly easier in the eight-inch core than the six-inch core.
Here in Texas, the turnkey installation of eight-inch core usually exceeds the six-inch core by approximately $1.40 more per square foot.
Cameron Ware is Nudura’s regional manager for Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana and is working to establish new distributors in these states. He can be reached via email at [email protected] or through his website at www.Futurestone.com. | <urn:uuid:bfb7d499-69b3-487e-bcf3-b36d86af6a92> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://www.icfmag.com/2019/01/technically-speaking-a-comparison-of-core-sizes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912203947.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20190325112917-20190325134917-00246.warc.gz | en | 0.934105 | 1,052 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Eadweard Muybridge/U.S. Library of Congress
Short film is alive and well. Using the current trendy gene-editing system CRISPR, a team from Harvard University has encoded images and a short movie into the DNA of living bacteria.
The work is part of a larger effort to use DNA to store data — from audio recordings and poetry to entire books on synthetic biology. Last year, Seth Shipman and his colleagues at Harvard threw CRISPR into the mix when they used the editing system to record molecular data in the DNA of Escherichia coli.
Now, the team is upping its game with images of a human hand and a short movie, a GIF of a galloping horse from iconic turn-of-the-century photographer Eadweard Muybridge’s Human and Animal Locomotion. In the code, the nucleotide bases that form DNA correspond to black-and-white pixel values. The video was encoded frame by frame. Once the team synthesized the DNA, they used CRISPR and two associated Cas proteins (Cas 1 and 2) to slip the data into the genetic blueprint of E. coli colonies.
After growing the bacteria for several generations, the scientists retrieved the code for the images and film frames and were able to reconstruct the clips. About 90 percent of the encoded information was left intact. Though it’s not a perfect storage system, the results demonstrate CRISPR’s potential for hiding data in the genetic blueprints of bacteria, Shipman and his colleagues write July 12 in Nature. | <urn:uuid:9d39a511-5e8a-4a86-bb83-0f4475f448c5> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://www.sciencenews.org/blog/science-ticker/crispr-adds-storing-movies-its-feats-molecular-biology?mode=topic&context=87 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865651.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523121803-20180523141803-00340.warc.gz | en | 0.92871 | 325 | 3.078125 | 3 |
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When writing an annotated bibliography, remember that you'll need to cite your sources in the same way you would for any Art History project — using Chicago style, which is covered in the Cite Sources section of this page.
An annotated bibliography provides not only a list of correctly cited sources, but also your evaluation of a source and how it will work for you and your project. Not all sources need to be annotated. Sometimes you will be asked to include general reference material in your bibliography. These informative, but non-argumentative texts are referred to as Tertiary Sources. If your instructor requires it, at the base of your annotated bibliography, please note any tertiary sources you will consult for your paper. A tertiary source is a museum website or encyclopedia. These are generally sources that do not require in-text citation, as they are not argumentative. You do not need to write an annotation for these sources
A thorough annotation is 1-2 paragraphs long and includes the following:
What is the resource about?
What arguments does the author use? How do they support the arguments?
Are the author's arguments convincing?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments?
How does this resource help you? How is it useful for your research? How does it fit in with other resources you’re using?
What additional questions does it raise?
A worksheet outlining these questions is available as a Google Doc. You can either make a copy of the Google Doc or download it as a Word file.
If you have questions about what you should include in your annotations, or have questions about your annotated bibliography, talk to your professor!
An example of a successful annotated bibliography is available either as a Google Doc, or below: | <urn:uuid:0aa50760-01dc-4989-81cb-9c732887bb19> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://libguides.d.umn.edu/c.php?g=300554&p=6817308 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104495692.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20220707154329-20220707184329-00262.warc.gz | en | 0.920433 | 425 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Under this program, NRCS joined with local people to help plan and install projects that increase flood protection, control erosion and enhance water quality, water supply, and water-related recreation. The law was used to supplement and bridge the gap between ongoing soil and water conservation programs to develop and protect watersheds.
In Alabama, 53 Public Law 566 watershed improvements have been installed. These projects encompass over 3 million acres. More than 110 grade stabilization structures and 100 floodwater retarding structures were built. | <urn:uuid:02dca144-ec4f-4f72-8012-5aa1be098e01> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/al/about/?cid=nrcs141p2_022840 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738659753.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173739-00143-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959962 | 101 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Click ... click ... click-click-click. That’s the sound of a sperm whale in the eastern Caribbean.
Click-click-click-click-click. That’s a sperm whale that lives in the same place, but in a different social group.
Shane Gero and his team have discovered that each sperm whale social group in the region has its own clicking pattern, or dialect. (Also see "Whales With Caribbean Accents and Other Animal Dialects.")
What's more, each sperm whale that Gero observed socializes exclusively with other sperm whales that have the same accent.
The finding strengthens the idea that sperm whales throughout the world have different cultures, just like people. "It’s like how my Canadian passport tells you a little bit about who I am. I like hockey and I put maple syrup on everything," says Gero, a behavioral ecologist and founder of the Dominica Sperm Whale Project.
"The main way we identify these different cultures is their dialects,” he says.
Listen to Caribbean sperm whales vocalizing.
For a new study, Gero and colleagues analyzed 11 social sperm whale units, or clans, by recording their voices and observing their actions.
Scientists already knew that sperm whales in the Pacific Ocean have vocal clans, but this is the evidence of such clans in the Atlantic Ocean, according to the study, published recently in Royal Society Open Science.
Richard Connor, a dolphin and whale expert at the University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, believes that these behavioral and vocal differences started as random variations that eventually developed into part of a clan’s culture. (Related: "Sperm Whales' Language Reveals Hints of Culture.")
“You could think of it as random error in learning,” says Connor, who wasn't involved in the study.
“But once those differences are there, that becomes a sort of membership tag.”
And communicating as a group likely helps them hunt more efficiently, the experts say.
“It’s probable that these groups travel in different areas and they track habitats, which includes … prey,” said Sarah Mesnick, an expert on sperm whale social structure at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center in California. (Also see "Rare Video Captures Sperm Whale in Deep Sea.")
“They know those areas. They transmit that information socially through the groups.”
The ongoing research into sperm whale culture suggests there's more at stake for the species, which still faces threats due to climate change and buildup of toxic metals, Gero adds.
That's because if one sperm whale clan goes extinct, that’s it: All that tradition and ancient wisdom specific to their niche is lost. | <urn:uuid:48873988-7baf-4276-8d0f-ae47b3ee0308> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/sperm-whales-culture-animals-science-oceans/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542648.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00265-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944981 | 567 | 3.125 | 3 |
Medical Definition of T-suppressor cells
T-suppressor cells: T cells that express the CD8 transmembrane glycoprotein (CD8+ T cells). They close down the immune response after invading organisms are destroyed. Suppressor T cells are sensitive to high concentrations of circulating lymphokine hormones, and release their own lymphokines after an immune response has achieved its goal. This signals all other immune-system participants to cease their attack. Some memory B-cells remain after this signal to ward off a repeat attack by the invading organism. Also known as T-8 cells.
See also CD8, T cells; T lymphocytes, cytotoxic.Source: MedTerms™ Medical Dictionary
Last Editorial Review: 5/13/2016
Medical Dictionary Definitions A - Z
Search Medical Dictionary | <urn:uuid:b445a694-f5da-40d0-a67c-e2581266d2cf> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11728 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687428.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170920175850-20170920195850-00448.warc.gz | en | 0.884333 | 167 | 3.515625 | 4 |
The proponents counter the argument that stem cell research leads destroying innocent young life by claiming that the embryo does not have the psychological, eotional and physical properties associated with human beings before it is implanted in to the uterus. I is follows that the embryo lacks the criteria for personhood and thus has not any interests that should be protected and is why it should be used for the future benefit of those who meet the personhood criteria (Freedman, 2007). Acordingly, sme biological studies have suggested that the has no central nervous system before fourteen days and thus fertilization is a process, bt not a ‘moment’ thus stem cell research does not entail destruction of life.
Acording to deontological or duty-based arguments, tere is so much medical suffering among people thus it is moral duty to support stem cell research (Palmquist, 2010). Te research is carried out in approved medical centers for vitrofertilization and according to utilitarian argument its is right to carry out stem cell research since it leads to desirable end for the greatest number citizens in the society.
Sem cells do not necessarily come from the embryo since they can be taken from the umbilical cord, pacenta, aniotic fluid, ault tissues and bone marrow. Ault stem cells have demonstrated ability to cure diseases such as the use of bone marrow cells from the hipbone to repair the scars on the heart after heart attacks (Forman, 2008). Te proponents argue that stem cell research is worthy funding since health care problems since the Second World War have led to advances in clinical research that ultimately led to new vaccines and treatments of controlling new diseases.
I is possible to attain high quality care through replacing the damaged endothelial cells in blood vessels thus helping patients who suffer from Parkinson’s disease or diabetes (Freedman, 2007). Athough stem cell research may seem expensive, is development, tsting and production will outweigh the initial research costs and lead to medical treatments that ultimately reduce healthcare costs (Freedman, 2007). Acording to arguments from the historical and legal precedents is that if the majority approve certain actions then majority right and the research should move ahead.
Mjority of the people support stem cell research and such it should be made a public policy while the minority may disagree with such...
Please type your essay title, choose your document type, enter your email and we send you essay samples | <urn:uuid:d868b3a7-b52f-4c2f-9f47-c2ff430c6494> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://freeessayhelp.com/essay/stem-cell-research-1184044 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027318421.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20190823130046-20190823152046-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.928035 | 494 | 2.5625 | 3 |
There’s a good post under this title at the Wellcome Trust blog—thanks Chris Fremantle—describing some of the ways that art and science collaborations have advanced scientific knowledge. Several commentators have added their own ideas and experiences in the same vein. It’s certainly a valid answer to the question: there is a growing body of collaborations between artists and scientists, many of which have produced knowledge of different kinds.
But I’m interested in the question itself, and the oddly blinkered assertion that prompted it. According to Lewis Wolpert,
‘Art has contributed zero to science, historically’.
Where to start with such a statement?
Perhaps by challenging the assumption that we know and agree what is meant by ‘art’ and ‘science’ or that those meanings have stayed the same ‘historically’. Isn’t it a basic principle of scientific method to be precise about terms when proposing hypotheses?
Or I might observe that the statement seems to conceive art and science as singular, self-contained activities when in fact human beings are infinitely more complex than that. Whatever else one might say about them, neither art nor science exists in the physical world. They are human constructs that help us engage with the extraordinary, incomprehensible experience of existence. They are not real. They do not have clear boundaries. They exist in human minds (whatever they are).
Then there is the question of what constitutes a contribution: is it really limited to helping science answer its own questions? If so, very few human activities can have contributed much to science, whose task is precisely to answer questions that cannot be answered through other means. To say that art doesn’t answer scientific questions is the equivalent of saying that baking doesn’t solve gardening problems. It’s evidently so: they are different systems of knowledge.
Art’s contribution to science can only be dismissed if we imagine scientists as robots, unaffected by emotion, other people or the vagaries of their own minds. But scientists are just people who do science, as artists are people who do art. They come in every shape and size. Some are passionately interested in and influenced by art. Would Einstein have been the scientist he was without his love of music? Who can say? Not science, at any rate.
Underlying all this is a false belief that to value one branch of human knowledge or endeavour or imagination, you must dismiss all others as inferior. That actually does seem to be Professor Wolpert’s view, as he told the Guardian a few years ago that:
Science is the best way to understand the world, and that for any set of observations, there is only one correct explanation
This seems an extraordinary statement from someone who has written so sensitively about ageing and depression. It certainly does not account for any world that includes love, jealousy or music: to understand those we might need such inadequate scientists as Tolstoy, Proust or Schubert.
Until we get over the idea that to be valuable at all we must be better than everything else, we will stay trapped in our ignorant little silos. | <urn:uuid:77e93bef-3708-4524-9675-26096ae7749e> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | https://parliamentofdreams.com/2013/10/30/what-has-art-ever-done-for-science/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805466.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20171119080836-20171119100836-00452.warc.gz | en | 0.969364 | 645 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Why cant radioactive dating be used to date sedimentary rocks
What is the principle of cross-cutting relations and why is it important for relative dating? What forces can disturb relative dating? What is the law of superposition and how can it be used to relatively date rocks? What is meant by dating rocks relatively rather than absolutely? How can fossils be used to determine the relative ages of rock layers?
How does the law of crosscutting relationships help scientists determine the relative age of rocks? Are only sedimentary rocks used for relative age determination? How do index fossils help determine age of rock layers? See all questions in Relative Ages of Rocks. Impact of this question views around the world. You can reuse this answer Creative Commons License. It is not affected by external factors such as temperature , pressure , chemical environment, or presence of a magnetic or electric field. For all other nuclides, the proportion of the original nuclide to its decay products changes in a predictable way as the original nuclide decays over time.
This predictability allows the relative abundances of related nuclides to be used as a clock to measure the time from the incorporation of the original nuclides into a material to the present. The basic equation of radiometric dating requires that neither the parent nuclide nor the daughter product can enter or leave the material after its formation. The possible confounding effects of contamination of parent and daughter isotopes have to be considered, as do the effects of any loss or gain of such isotopes since the sample was created.
It is therefore essential to have as much information as possible about the material being dated and to check for possible signs of alteration. Alternatively, if several different minerals can be dated from the same sample and are assumed to be formed by the same event and were in equilibrium with the reservoir when they formed, they should form an isochron.
This can reduce the problem of contamination. In uranium—lead dating , the concordia diagram is used which also decreases the problem of nuclide loss. Finally, correlation between different isotopic dating methods may be required to confirm the age of a sample. For example, the age of the Amitsoq gneisses from western Greenland was determined to be 3. Accurate radiometric dating generally requires that the parent has a long enough half-life that it will be present in significant amounts at the time of measurement except as described below under "Dating with short-lived extinct radionuclides" , the half-life of the parent is accurately known, and enough of the daughter product is produced to be accurately measured and distinguished from the initial amount of the daughter present in the material.
The procedures used to isolate and analyze the parent and daughter nuclides must be precise and accurate.
This normally involves isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The precision of a dating method depends in part on the half-life of the radioactive isotope involved. For instance, carbon has a half-life of 5, years. After an organism has been dead for 60, years, so little carbon is left that accurate dating cannot be established. On the other hand, the concentration of carbon falls off so steeply that the age of relatively young remains can be determined precisely to within a few decades. If a material that selectively rejects the daughter nuclide is heated, any daughter nuclides that have been accumulated over time will be lost through diffusion , setting the isotopic "clock" to zero.
The temperature at which this happens is known as the closure temperature or blocking temperature and is specific to a particular material and isotopic system. These temperatures are experimentally determined in the lab by artificially resetting sample minerals using a high-temperature furnace. As the mineral cools, the crystal structure begins to form and diffusion of isotopes is less easy. At a certain temperature, the crystal structure has formed sufficiently to prevent diffusion of isotopes.
This temperature is what is known as closure temperature and represents the temperature below which the mineral is a closed system to isotopes. Thus an igneous or metamorphic rock or melt, which is slowly cooling, does not begin to exhibit measurable radioactive decay until it cools below the closure temperature. The age that can be calculated by radiometric dating is thus the time at which the rock or mineral cooled to closure temperature. This field is known as thermochronology or thermochronometry. The mathematical expression that relates radioactive decay to geologic time is .
The equation is most conveniently expressed in terms of the measured quantity N t rather than the constant initial value N o. The above equation makes use of information on the composition of parent and daughter isotopes at the time the material being tested cooled below its closure temperature.
This is well-established for most isotopic systems. Plotting an isochron is used to solve the age equation graphically and calculate the age of the sample and the original composition. Radiometric dating has been carried out since when it was invented by Ernest Rutherford as a method by which one might determine the age of the Earth.
In the century since then the techniques have been greatly improved and expanded. The mass spectrometer was invented in the s and began to be used in radiometric dating in the s. It operates by generating a beam of ionized atoms from the sample under test.
The ions then travel through a magnetic field, which diverts them into different sampling sensors, known as " Faraday cups ", depending on their mass and level of ionization. On impact in the cups, the ions set up a very weak current that can be measured to determine the rate of impacts and the relative concentrations of different atoms in the beams. Uranium—lead radiometric dating involves using uranium or uranium to date a substance's absolute age.
This scheme has been refined to the point that the error margin in dates of rocks can be as low as less than two million years in two-and-a-half billion years.poushatagra.ga
Dating Fossils – How Are Fossils Dated?
Uranium—lead dating is often performed on the mineral zircon ZrSiO 4 , though it can be used on other materials, such as baddeleyite , as well as monazite see: Zircon has a very high closure temperature, is resistant to mechanical weathering and is very chemically inert. Zircon also forms multiple crystal layers during metamorphic events, which each may record an isotopic age of the event. One of its great advantages is that any sample provides two clocks, one based on uranium's decay to lead with a half-life of about million years, and one based on uranium's decay to lead with a half-life of about 4.
This can be seen in the concordia diagram, where the samples plot along an errorchron straight line which intersects the concordia curve at the age of the sample. This involves the alpha decay of Sm to Nd with a half-life of 1. Accuracy levels of within twenty million years in ages of two-and-a-half billion years are achievable. This involves electron capture or positron decay of potassium to argon Potassium has a half-life of 1. This is based on the beta decay of rubidium to strontium , with a half-life of 50 billion years.
This scheme is used to date old igneous and metamorphic rocks , and has also been used to date lunar samples. Closure temperatures are so high that they are not a concern. Rubidium-strontium dating is not as precise as the uranium-lead method, with errors of 30 to 50 million years for a 3-billion-year-old sample. A relatively short-range dating technique is based on the decay of uranium into thorium, a substance with a half-life of about 80, years.
It is accompanied by a sister process, in which uranium decays into protactinium, which has a half-life of 32, years. While uranium is water-soluble, thorium and protactinium are not, and so they are selectively precipitated into ocean-floor sediments , from which their ratios are measured. The scheme has a range of several hundred thousand years.
A related method is ionium—thorium dating , which measures the ratio of ionium thorium to thorium in ocean sediment. Radiocarbon dating is also simply called Carbon dating. Carbon is a radioactive isotope of carbon, with a half-life of 5, years, which is very short compared with the above isotopes and decays into nitrogen. Carbon, though, is continuously created through collisions of neutrons generated by cosmic rays with nitrogen in the upper atmosphere and thus remains at a near-constant level on Earth.
The carbon ends up as a trace component in atmospheric carbon dioxide CO 2. A carbon-based life form acquires carbon during its lifetime. Plants acquire it through photosynthesis , and animals acquire it from consumption of plants and other animals. When an organism dies, it ceases to take in new carbon, and the existing isotope decays with a characteristic half-life years. The proportion of carbon left when the remains of the organism are examined provides an indication of the time elapsed since its death.
Why is it difficult to date sedimentary rocks using radiometric dating techniques? | Socratic
This makes carbon an ideal dating method to date the age of bones or the remains of an organism. The carbon dating limit lies around 58, to 62, years. The rate of creation of carbon appears to be roughly constant, as cross-checks of carbon dating with other dating methods show it gives consistent results. However, local eruptions of volcanoes or other events that give off large amounts of carbon dioxide can reduce local concentrations of carbon and give inaccurate dates.
The releases of carbon dioxide into the biosphere as a consequence of industrialization have also depressed the proportion of carbon by a few percent; conversely, the amount of carbon was increased by above-ground nuclear bomb tests that were conducted into the early s.
Also, an increase in the solar wind or the Earth's magnetic field above the current value would depress the amount of carbon created in the atmosphere. This involves inspection of a polished slice of a material to determine the density of "track" markings left in it by the spontaneous fission of uranium impurities.
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The uranium content of the sample has to be known, but that can be determined by placing a plastic film over the polished slice of the material, and bombarding it with slow neutrons. This causes induced fission of U, as opposed to the spontaneous fission of U. The fission tracks produced by this process are recorded in the plastic film. The uranium content of the material can then be calculated from the number of tracks and the neutron flux.
This scheme has application over a wide range of geologic dates. For dates up to a few million years micas , tektites glass fragments from volcanic eruptions , and meteorites are best used. Older materials can be dated using zircon , apatite , titanite , epidote and garnet which have a variable amount of uranium content. The technique has potential applications for detailing the thermal history of a deposit.
The residence time of 36 Cl in the atmosphere is about 1 week.
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Thus, as an event marker of s water in soil and ground water, 36 Cl is also useful for dating waters less than 50 years before the present. | <urn:uuid:906de636-c012-4119-a4ac-7ee4b27b1d6d> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | https://egyrysamiqyt.tk/gym-why-cant.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347407289.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20200530040743-20200530070743-00083.warc.gz | en | 0.946146 | 2,482 | 3.765625 | 4 |
A world first project is aimed at providing key World-Heritage listed coral reef sites with the best possible chance at survival by building resilience in the face of climate change.
Based on the highly successful efforts of 100 Resilient Cities – Pioneered by The Rockefeller Foundation (100RC), the Resilient Reefs project is the first time coral reef managers will partner with global climate resilience experts and local community stakeholders to build and embed resilience into their management of World Heritage sites. The Resilient Reefs project will leverage the Resilience Strategy process created and implemented by 100RC in its 100-city global network and apply it at coral reef sites around the globe. Work has commenced in Palau, with Palau’s reef managers applying the tools pioneered by 100RC.
Coral reef resilience is the capacity of coral reef ecosystems and the individuals, businesses and communities that depend upon them to survive, adapt and recover in the face of the stresses and shocks they experience. Climate change is the biggest threat to coral reefs globally, with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicting that coral reefs would decline by 70-90% with global warming of 1.5 degrees. The impact of climate change on coral reefs around the world means that the window to act is narrowing, so the timing and delivery of this project is critical to their survival, in addition to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
With ‘business as usual’ approaches falling short of creating the impact needed to sustain coral reefs globally, a collaboration of partners has developed a new way of thinking to respond to the scale and severity of the challenge posed by climate change to coral reefs.
Sam Carter, Director, Resilience Accelerator, 100 Resilient Cities, said “We have seen how resilience thinking is positioning cities around the world to survive and thrive in the face of challenges such as climate change. We are thrilled to take this next step and partner with the Great Barrier Reef Foundation to apply the 100 Resilient Cities model to coral reef communities.”
100RC will dedicate resources through its Resilience Accelerator program to deploy support for a select number of projects that the Resilient Reefs Strategy creates. Additional technical support will be provided by 100RC partners at Columbia University.
The project builds the capacity of reef managers to work locally and enables a global network of marine managers to create innovative approaches to protect coral reefs and then share new techniques to fast track the survival of coral reefs in hot spots around the globe.
The initial sites are the Lagoons of New Caledonia, Palau’s Rock Islands, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef and Ningaloo Coast, and the Belize Barrier Reef.
Fanny Douvere, head of UNESCO's World Heritage Centre Marine Programme, said “While limiting global warming consistent with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Paris Agreement, is critical for the future survival of World Heritage Listed coral reefs, at the local level, sites need to focus on building resilience to give them the best chance to adapt to a changing climate.”
For countries such as Palau, building resilience to climate change is important for both their coral reef and the community itself.
The Governor of the State of Koror in Palau, Governor Gibbon, said that, “We urgently need to accelerate our efforts to build the resilience of coral reefs. The health of our coral reefs impacts our communities, our cultural heritage, and coastal protection from storms and other extremes. This project will give us new tools to build resilience across our community.”
A collaborative approach between reef communities at the five sites could prove to be just the beginning – a pilot for the Resilient Reefs model with the learnings applied to many other reef communities in the future.
Anna Marsden, Managing Director of the Great Barrier Reef Foundation said, “This is a game changer for reef management. The survival of our coral reefs is time critical. Individual countries can play their part but together we can fast-track the learnings and the outcomes from these five sites and apply these new techniques to build resilience in reefs and reef communities globally.”
The project is a crucial step forward, bridging coral reef restoration knowledge with global climate resilience adaptation strategies. The design and definition phase started in 2016, with the BHP Foundation approving the four-year US$9 million in December 2017. The project will deliver a wide range of resources and funding to support coral reef managers as they develop new strategies and on-ground actions to build reef resilience.
Support provided to the sites includes:
- Capacity building for local reef managers and stakeholders;
- Support in the creation and funding of a new Chief Resilience Office (CRO) position, who will be responsible for leading the site’s resilience building efforts
- Development of a holistic Resilience Strategy focused on risk analysis and stakeholder engagement
- Initial funding to implement actions designed in the strategy
- Connection to a global “Knowledge Network” that supports learning exchanges among the five sites and scales ‘lessons learned’ to reef managers globally
James Ensor, Chief Executive Officer of the BHP Foundation said, “The aim of the project is ambitious – local in implementation and global in implication. This is consistent with the strategy of the Foundation’s Environmental Resilience Global Signature Program, joining two other projects that take on large-scale conservation challenges in some of the world’s most precious and at-risk ecosystems.”
“This project will enable coral reefs and the people in reef communities that depend on them to build their resilience to climate change during a critical period as the world transitions to a low carbon economy in line with the findings of the IPCC,” said Mr Ensor.
The project is a collaboration between UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 100 Resilient Cities—Pioneered by The Rockefeller Foundation, BHP Foundation, The Nature Conservancy’s Reef Resilience Network, the Great Barrier Reef Foundation and AECOM as the implementation partner.
Media contact: Louise Sturgess +61 409 352 493 | [email protected]
Background information, images, vision via Dropbox
Vision: Infographic explainer video available in Dropbox | <urn:uuid:b888aaf7-381d-4d61-b526-cc9ac2f5d6e6> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://www.barrierreef.org/latest/news/resilient-reefs-initiative-announcement | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999041.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619204313-20190619230313-00201.warc.gz | en | 0.913693 | 1,292 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Endangered species research - science to underpin conservation
In one of the world's biodiversity hotspots (The Ecuadorian Choco Rainforest) we are developing innovative methods to survey and monitor endangered species. The major focus is on the critically endangered brown-headed spider monkey, Ateles fusciceps (funded by the Darwin Initiative). Having identified priority areas for conservation of the species and clear conservation actions underpinned by science we have established a group called the 'Washu project' - dedicated to conserving the species and habitat. We have now launched a campaign to bring this species back from the brink of extinction. See how you can help us by keeping an eye on the updates on the blog.
Current work includes;
- Developing an agent-based model to identify risks to primates from hunting and logging
- Using 'soundscape' to determine the health of forest systems in Ecuador and Papuan New Guinea
- Investigating the role of birds as bioindicators of habitat quality and environmental change
- Participatory processes and parabiologists in defining a new conservation priority area for the critically endangered brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps)
None of the work could take place without engaging with our network of 'parabiologists' (members of forest communities trained in scientific collection techniques). Community members were trained throughout the forests of NW Ecuador during the Darwin Initiative PRIMENET Project. Our students engage with communtiy level biologists, taking advantage of their depth of forest knowledge and create a bridge between local and scientific knowledge. One cohort of parabiologists trained through the PRIMENET project is shown to the left.
Sustainable livelihoods - a new model for science as business in Papua New Guinea (Darwin Initiative)
Building on over 10 years of work with Professor Vojtech Novotny and the Binatang Research Center in Papua New Guinea we are now working on how best to develop sustainable livelihoods for remote rainforest communities that are faced with a choice between forest conservation and logging concessions by building capacity (infrastructure, management expertise and para-ecologist teams) for internationally-networked biodiversity research. Our work in Papua New Guinea has been generously funded by the UK Darwin Initiative.
Tropical forest dynamics - understanding global change
The number of species of trees that make up tropical forests is staggering - with up to 300 species per hectare recorded for Ecuadorian forests. Our work aims to understand the mechanisms that generate and maintain this species diversity. We also investigate both natural and human impacts to forest using tools that range from satellite remote sensing to field survey work. Recent work at the landscape scale includes;
- Investigating the potential of high resolution aerial imagery to identify tropical tree species
- Determining the role of natural disturbance in explaining the increase in tree species at mid altitudes in the Andes
Recently our group has expanded to include Dr Alice Eldridge who brings her experience as a musician and in artifical intelligence to bear on understanding the potential role of sound as a 'measure' of biodiversity. We are currently investigating metrics capable of providing information on the 'soundscapes' generated in tropical and temperarate forests. Soundscapes include biophony (sounds generated by wildlife), geophony (sounds generated by abiotic factors - wind, rain) and anthrophony (human generated sounds). Understanding soundscape and soundscape ecology is an emerging field with potential for remote sensing of biological processess and ecological communities. Our aim is to contribute to development of remote soundscape sensors that could be deployed over large spatial, and long temporal, scales to provide cost-effective, long-term biodiversity monitoring. | <urn:uuid:d2155643-1116-47cc-896d-6c1d104406a1> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://www.sussex.ac.uk/lifesci/pecklab/research | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375635604.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627032715-00032-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923492 | 744 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Arte povera was a radical Italian art movement from the late 1960s to 1970s whose artists explored a range of unconventional processes and non-traditional ‘everyday’ materials. What’s important is that this culture is re-borning and becoming trendy again, giving life to a new style in art that is influencing also fashion.
Arte povera means literally ‘poor art’, but the word “poor” here refers to the movement’s signature exploration of a wide range of materials beyond the traditional ones.
Materials used by the artists included soil, rags and twigs. In using such throwaway materials they aimed to challenge and disrupt the values of the commercialised contemporary gallery system.
The term was introduced by the Italian art critic and curator, Germano Celant, in 1967. When referring to arte povera, Celant wasn’t really talking about a lack of money, but rather about making art without the restraints of traditional practices and materials. His pioneering texts and a series of key exhibitions provided a collective identity for a number of young Italian artists based in Turin, Milan, Genoa and Rome. Then the new movement arrived all over the world.
Leading artists were Giovanni Anselmo, Alighiero Boetti, Pier Paolo Calzolari, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Emilio Prini and Gilberto Zorio. They worked in many different ways. They painted, sculpted, took photographs and made performances and installations, creating works of large physical presence as well as small-scale gestures.
This movement has, as always in our World, a reflection in the fashion industry. It means that poor fashion is the latest trend to follow. Poor fashion means garments that seem cheap, “homeless style“, that maybe cost a lot of money but just give this impression because it’s the trend.
We’re talking about pullovers and t-shirts with holes, ripped jeans, or trousers with a frayed hem. That’s the style to imitate in these days, and it fits well both for men and women, you can see it everywhere, everybody is wearing it, and it is not following a distinction in terms of age, because often we are seeing it also on not young people.
Vetements, Dsquared, Triton or Gucci have presented ripped jeans on the catwalk, and many others have made the same too. Celebrities continuously wear them, often with holes in their t-shirts…
What do you need if you cannot buy it? Just scissors and the game will be easy to play! | <urn:uuid:13c01b50-1d83-400d-8079-a4f688c5f967> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://arbiterelegantiaesite.wordpress.com/2017/06/06/arte-povera/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320049.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623100455-20170623120455-00176.warc.gz | en | 0.958503 | 548 | 3.03125 | 3 |
As you’ve probably noticed in the marketplace, bananas are picked and shipped green. They are the only fruit that actually develop better color, texture, aroma, and sweetness when ripened after harvest. They ripen quickly after being harvested and will also hasten ripening of other fruits in their vicinity. It’s the tiny seeds within the fruit that release a ripening hormone, a mixture of ethylene gas and carbon dioxide.
When selecting bananas, think about your usage time frame. You may wish to choose some already ripe for immediate use and some still slightly but not overly green to ripen for later use. Select bananas that are bright in color, full and plump, avoiding those with bruises. A dull, gray color indicates they have been chilled or overheated during storage.
Ripe bananas show no trace of green skin. Fullest flavor is derived from bananas that begin to develop tiny dark specks. If you are unable to easily break the stem to peel the banana, it is not yet ripe. If the skin is difficult to separate from the fruit, it is most likely too starchy and bitter to eat without cooking and could cause digestional distress and/or constipation if eaten raw.
You can speed up the ripening process by placing the bananas in an open paper bag on the counter. Bananas are best stored on the counter, away from direct heat and sunlight.
Bananas can be refrigerated for several days to stunt ripening. Although the skins of refrigerated bananas will turn brown, the fruit itself will be fine. Allow the refrigerated fruit to come to room temperature before consuming for full flavor.
Peeled bananas should be eaten immediately lest they discolor due to exposure to the air. Bananas can be frozen whole, but don’t expect the same texture when thawed. Freeze them in their skin and save for later use in sauces, baked goods, or blended drinks.
Add one tablespoon of citrus or pineapple juice to one cup of mashed bananas and freeze in a sealed container up to three months. | <urn:uuid:38b39be1-df72-4126-9e22-b9c551643643> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://allaboutbanana.wordpress.com/2012/02/20/banana-selection-and-storage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267865995.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624005242-20180624025242-00367.warc.gz | en | 0.944716 | 419 | 2.5625 | 3 |
If you want help paying for college and don't want to take on massive debt, a scholarship is the way to go. Before you start applying, you should know how to get a scholarship. Many organizations, businesses, and schools offer scholarship programs, and most require an application. How well you complete the application and how great your essay is can mean the difference between getting some free money for college and taking on lots of debt.
- How To Get A Scholarship [Infographic]
- What Is A Scholarship And How Does It Work?
- Tips for Winning Scholarships
- Types of Scholarships
- Places to Find Scholarship Opportunities
- When to Start Looking for Scholarships
- How to Get A Full Ride Scholarship
- How to Avoid Scams
- Don’t Give Up
- SurveysSay Annual Marketing Scholarship
How To Get A Scholarship [Infographic]
What Is A Scholarship And How Does It Work?
A scholarship is money given to a student to help him or her pay for school. What separates scholarships from other types of financial aid, such as student loans, is that you do not have to pay back the amount you receive once you finish or leave school.
How a scholarship works depends in large part on the type of scholarship you receive. Many are merit-based, which means that organizations give them out to students based on grades or some other type of achievement.
For example, if you are in the top 10 percent of your high school graduating class, you might be eligible for a scholarship for students with the highest grades. If you've spent the bulk of your extracurricular time studying dance, you can qualify for a scholarship for talented dancers. Athletes usually also receive awards in recognition of their talent on the field or court.
In some cases, you might be eligible for an award not because of what you do, but because of who you are. Larger companies often have scholarship programs for the children of employees, for example. Some scholarships are designed to increase opportunities for traditionally under-represented groups, such as women and minorities.
While some scholarships are based solely on your achievements or who you are, others take your financial status into consideration. Need-based scholarships use the information on your Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) to determine if you are a good candidate for the award. You might meet the other requirements for the scholarship, but if you don't have financial need, you won't receive it.
Usually, there are two ways to get a scholarship. Often, schools have their own scholarship programs and will automatically offer awards to accepted students. The school looks at your current and past grades, activities and in some cases, your FAFSA to determine if you are eligible for an award.
If you want to receive a scholarship from an institution or organization that isn't your school, you'll need to fill out a separate application. Many scholarship applications require you to write an essay that reflects on your life, shares a goal or lets the scholarship judges get to know you in some other way.
Tips for Winning Scholarships
Is there a magic formula when it comes to winning scholarship money? The answer is yes and no. While you can't expect scholarship committees just to give you money, there are a few things you can do to increase your odds of getting the award.
Personalize Your Essay
The judges who review scholarship applications have to read hundreds, if not thousands of personal essays. Reading all those essays can get boring after a while, especially if every student says the same thing over and over.
Make your essay stand out from the crowd by getting personal with and diving deep into your topic. Choose to write about something you love, rather than something you think will impress the judges. Look for the “why” behind what you do, instead of only telling the judges what you do.
After reading your essay, a judge should think, “I got to know that student.” That all said, don't make the piece too personal. Many contests are judged blindly, meaning that you shouldn't put your name in the essay.
Are scholarship judges going to do a Google search on you? They might and they might not.
It's better to assume that they will and take the time to polish up your online and social media presence. Take down any photos that don't show you in the best light (pictures of you with a drink in hand, pictures of you smoking) and make sure you remove any posts that contain offensive language or comments.
Spend Plenty of Time
Students might award bragging rights to others who manage to write up an entire 15-page paper in a single evening or to those who stay up until 3 or 4 am cramming for a big exam.
But when it comes to finding money for college, you don't want to put things off until the last minute. Give yourself plenty of time to brainstorm what you'll write about, to actually write it and to proofread and edit it at the end.
So that you don't miss deadlines or feel that you must rush through your applications, make a calendar that is specifically for all the scholarships you are applying for. Write out the deadline for each scholarship on the calendar, then count backward to figure out when you should have the first draft of your essay completed, when you should finish editing and revising and when you want to submit the application.
Polish & Perfect Submission
Giving yourself plenty of time to work on your scholarship applications will give you plenty of time to polish them and make them perfect. Remember that it's not only what's in your essay that matters.
It is how the essay is formatted and appears on the paper. You want to send in an essay and application packet that tells the judges you're a professional, serious student. You also want to send in something that the judges can read with ease.
Choose a font that's not difficult to read. There's a reason why your teachers ask you to use Times New Roman or Arial when you hand in papers. The text of those fonts is legible.
There's also a reason why teachers ask that you use 12-point font. It's not too small to read, and it's not so large that you can barely fit a few hundred words on a page.
Although you want your essay and application to reflect who you are, avoid using goofy or “fun” fonts like Comic Sans or anything in cursive. Additionally, follow the recommendations given for spacing and margins. One inch margins and double spacing are usually the norms, but check to make sure a particular scholarship doesn't have other requirements.
Along with focusing on the appearance of your essay and application, take the time to polish it up. Read it over several times to make sure there are no misspellings or grammar issues. Reading the essay out loud can help you hear if it is flows or not.
Ask someone else to read the essay for you and give you feedback. A teacher or close friend can be the ideal person to ask, as long as that person knows you and has an understanding of grammar rules. A second set of eyes on your application can help you catch things that might have slipped your attention or give you a different perspective on your essay.
Pay attention to the word count on your essay. If the application asks for a 500-word personal statement, you don't want to send in a 1,500-word manifesto. You also don't want to err on the side of too short and send in a 250-word micro-essay. Don't go over the word count, but don't be too concise either.
Apply to Scholarships That Interest You
If you're not really into the subject matter of a scholarship or if you sort of meet the qualifications, the judges will be able to tell. They'll read it in your uninspired essay.
While you do want to keep an open mind when it comes to applying for scholarships, you don't want to spread yourself too thin. If you feel like you need for apply to every scholarship that comes your way, the quality of your applications will diminish, and you may end up missing out on the scholarship you really wanted.
Before you start your scholarship search, make a list of what interests you. Be honest here, as it will influence the awards you go after. If you love tennis, find scholarships for tennis players. If you like to dance, but have only taken one dance class in your life, don't try to go after a dance scholarship.
There are as many scholarships out there as there are interests, skills, and qualifications. Even if you only have one or two hobbies, it's likely that you'll find several organizations who want to give students with those hobbies money for school.
Don’t Ignore Optional Questions
A scholarship application might have a series of optional questions, or you might find some optional questions on a scholarship search page. Although these questions are not officially required, answering them is usually in your best interest.
In the case of a scholarship search service, answering the additional questions will allow the service to find more scholarships for you. In the case of an application, taking the time to answer the optional questions shows the scholarship committee that you care about the award. It also gives the committee a better idea of who you are.
Think of it this way. A scholarship decision might come down to two people. Who do you think the judges will choose, the applicant who didn't answer the optional questions or the one who took the time to answer them?
Being involved with your community in some way can pay off when you are applying for scholarships. For one thing, several scholarships are dedicated to active student volunteers. For another, performing community service or volunteer work often gives you something to share or write about in your scholarship essay.
That said, don't sign up to be a volunteer or to perform community service just to have something to add to your application. Find a program that resonates with you and that you'll want to spend your time working with.
If you love sports, look for ways to get involved in local youth sports organizations. If you want to be a teacher, find programs that let you tutor younger students or after school programs that include lessons in your subject area, such as an after-school science club or writing program.
Don’t Miss Deadlines
Deadlines aren't just suggestions. They are the be all, end all of your scholarship application. Don't think that scholarship committees will be willing to look the other way if your application is “just a day late.”
The programs have set those deadlines for a reason. They need the time to read over applications and choose the best students from the bunch. Deadlines are also a bit of a test. If you submit before the deadline, you demonstrate to the judges that you can follow directions. If you don't, you're showing the judges that not only can you not follow instructions, you also don't have much respect for their time.
Because things can (and do) go wrong, it's best to aim to get your applications in well before the deadline. You don't want a computer problem or a faulty email service to be the thing that stands in the way of you and some free money for school.
Apply to As Many As Possible
Although you do want to apply for the scholarships that interest you, it's best to spread your scholarship net far and wide. Apply for as many scholarships are you're eligible for and have time for.
Try to prioritize your scholarship application process. Go after the big ones first, as they usually have the earliest deadlines and often the most requirements. Leave time to pursue the smaller ones or, the more local scholarships next. Finally, apply for the scholarships that interest you the least last. You can also use scholarship search engines like ScholarshipOwl, Scholly, and Scholarship America to help with this process.
Don't Ignore Small Awards
Don't turn your nose up at $500 or $1,000 scholarships. While $500 might be barely enough to cover your books and $1,000 might pay for a single course credit, winning multiple small scholarships adds up.
You can try going after the smaller prizes after you've applied for the bigger awards, but keep one thing in mind. Since plenty of students are snubbing those smaller prizes, the applicant pool might be considerably smaller, improving your odds of winning. Everyone wants the $10,000 or $20,000 scholarship, so much so that they might pass on a few $1,000 awards.
Types of Scholarships
Scholarships fall into some different categories. The kind of scholarship you apply for determines the size of the applicant pool and often the size of the award.
National scholarships are available to students in all 50 states. These scholarships are often the most competitive since they have the largest applicant pool. Still, if you meet the requirements, it is worth applying for them.
A few examples of national scholarships include the National Merit Scholarship. Students qualify for the scholarship by taking the Pre-SAT and earning a high score on the exam. To become a finalist for the scholarship, a student needs to demonstrate academic achievement and needs to complete a separate application.
Local scholarships come in a wide range of sources. A scholarship offered by a student's church or religious organization is an example of a local scholarship since only students who attend the organization are usually eligible.
Clubs such as the Rotary Club or Lions Club often have scholarship programs for students who are members or who have parents who are members. Other local scholarship opportunities can include programs offered by your employer or your parent's employer, programs provided by local nonprofits, and programs offered by the Boy or Girl Scouts.
If you are considering attending school in your state of residence, it's worth exploring the scholarship options available to students who remain in-state. For example, the College of New Jersey automatically considers in-state freshman year students for some merit scholarships.
Students in Tennessee who live in the state for at least a year and attend one of the state's universities can apply for the Hope Scholarship. New York state has some scholarship programs for students who attend either SUNY or CUNY schools.
Even if you aren't planning on attending a state school, it can be worth checking out your state's scholarship options. The awards available might be enough to change your mind and convince you to attend a public university.
Internal vs. External
Scholarships vary by source as well. Internal scholarships come directly from the school you are attending. They often come from endowments or student scholarship funds. Some schools will award you a scholarship automatically, based on your grades and admissions essays.
Some schools have separate programs or programs for individual departments, but not others. Often, you'll need to complete a separate application and send in supporting materials to qualify for those scholarships.
External scholarships are awards that come from any source that isn't your college or university. These include scholarships from big companies like Microsoft or Coca-Cola, scholarships from your local credit union or bank, and scholarships from a nonprofit organization.
Occasionally, an external scholarship program might only be available to students who attend a certain school. It can be worth checking out your college's financial aid page or dropping by the financial aid office to learn about scholarship opportunities from outside sources that might not be advertised anywhere else.
The web can be a great place not only to find scholarships but also to get scholarships. Some scholarship programs are based online, which can simplify the application process.
But be warned. Some online scholarship programs are little more than scams. According to the Federal Trade Commission, there are a few red flags you can look out for to figure out if an online scholarship program is a scam. One major red flag is if the scholarship program asks for your social security number or credit card information.
Places to Find Scholarship Opportunities
Where do you look for scholarship opportunities? The good news is that life in the 21st century means numerous places list scholarships and various ways to get the information you need to apply.
Online sources and apps take some of the stress out of searching for scholarships. These services look at your qualifications and interests and provide you with a list of relevant awards.
- Scholly. Created by a student who had won $1.3 million worth of scholarships, Scholly features a database that contains thousands of scholarship opportunities at a time. You fill out a profile, and it matches you to scholarships, which you can choose to apply to or not. The app does cost $2.99 a month, but for many students, the upfront cost is worth the rewards. Check out our full review of Scholly to learn more.
- Scholarship Owl. Scholarship Owl is similar to Scholly but goes a step further. It also lets you apply to scholarships you match with, using the same application form for each. Check out our in-depth review to learn more about Scholarship Owl.
- Scholarship America. Scholarship America not only helps students find money for college. It also works with organizations to help them put together scholarship programs. Get the full story on the website from our review.
- ScholarshipPoints. As its name suggests, ScholarshipPoints gives you the option to earn points by completing surveys and other online tasks.You can then use your points to enter drawings for the chance to win scholarships. Is it worth it? Check out our review.
- Chegg. Chegg is an online textbook rental service that also has a scholarship search feature. You can browse for scholarships without creating an account. Having an account lets you save results and get matches that are relevant to you. We reviewed Chegg in depth to see if it is worth the effort.
If you're nervous about handing over your personal information or want to use the scholarship resource that will give you best options, check out our comprehensive review of the best scholarship websites to see which one really is worth your time.
Your school can be a great resource when it comes to learning about available scholarships. If you are still in high school, your guidance counselor should be able to tell you more about programs that are available to you. In fact, a great guidance counselor is going to be pro-active about providing you with that information.
If your's isn't, go ahead and make an appointment to see him or her. When you schedule your appointment, let the counselor know that you want to discuss scholarship options. That will give him or her time to find awards that are relevant to you.
You can still apply for scholarships after you've started college. In fact, some awards are only available to upperclassmen. Your school's financial aid office is a good place to start your search. It also helps to check in with your academic department. Depending on their size, many academic programs offers scholarships exclusively to students in their departments.
Whether it's your school library or a public library, odds are it has a reference section that is full of information about scholarships. The drawback of using your local library is that some of the information printed in books might be a little out of date.
Scholarship Guide Books
Every year, new guidebooks are published that contain information on available scholarships, including how to apply and deadlines. It might be worth investing in a book so that you have the most up-to-date version available and so that you have the information you need at your fingertips.
Call around to local nonprofits and other organizations in your area to find out if they offer scholarships. If so, find out if you qualify or what the application procedure is. You can also look online at an organization's web page to learn more about available award programs.
Your employer or your parent's employer might offer a program to workers or their families. If you aren't aware of any programs, pay a visit to HR and ask.
If you're looking for a job and considering going to school or returning to school at any point, it can be worth it to find an employer who specifically offers scholarship programs.
When to Start Looking for Scholarships
If you're in high school, it's never too early to start looking for scholarships. When you’re a freshman or sophomore, look at the options available. If you find a scholarship that interests you, you can choose your activities and classes during the next few years of your high school career to make yourself an ideal candidate for that award.
When you're getting ready to apply for scholarships, start at the beginning of your junior year. Some programs have a deadline in the early summer before you've even applied to most schools.
Of course, some scholarships are available later or have rolling deadlines. Begin your search early and keep on looking throughout your academic career.
How to Get A Full Ride Scholarship
It's the ultimate goal: get a scholarship that pays for your entire college education, including room and board, books, and fees. Think it can't be done? Think again.
Tips for Winning A Full Ride Scholarship
Rule number one of winning a full ride scholarship: be amazing. Rule two: find people who can convince others that you are amazing. During your high school career, latch onto one or two teachers and get them to be your mentors.
Building deeper relationships with your teachers allows them to really get to know you. Getting to know you means they can write great recommendation letters for you, which allows you to stand above the rest.
Part of being amazing is having a killer grade point average. Don't think that taking super easy, slacker classes is the way to a great GPA. Scholarship programs are going to look at the classes you take, along with the grades you earned.
If you're struggling in a subject, get a tutor to help you out. Many tutors offer a money-back guarantee if you don't see an improvement in your grades. Your teachers are also there to help if you are struggling in class. Don't be shy about staying after school for extra help or about asking for extra credit in classes where you're really having trouble.
Scholarships aren't just about grades. You also need to demonstrate that you're well-rounded. You can do that by committing to few community programs or volunteer programs. Find one or two extracurricular activities that you love and give those your all.
It's better to be selective about your activities than to try everything. Scholarship committees would rather see you devoted to a few programs instead of displaying passing interest in dozens.
Keep in mind that some schools are more likely to offer full ride scholarships than others. Find the schools that like to pay in full for student and apply to at least one or two of them. Make sure you follow all the instructions and include all required and optional materials with your application. You want to ensure you really shine.
It's also possible to get a full ride by getting multiple scholarships. A $25,000 scholarship here, combined with a $10,000 there, combined with a handful of $2,000 awards is likely going to be more than enough to cover your college costs.
“Full ride” doesn't have to mean one enormous scholarship. It just means enough money to pay for all of your expenses without having to take out loans or pay out of pocket.
How to Write the Best Essay
Your scholarship essay is what really sets you apart from other applicants and can be what makes or breaks your application. There are a few things to keep in mind when writing to make sure your essay is the best it can be.
- Know Your Audience. Don't write the same essay for every application. Customize your statement for the people who are going to read. It helps to look at samples of winning essays from the past to get an idea of what judges are looking for.
- Follow Directions Carefully. Instructions provided with the essay and application aren't recommendations. They are directives. If you don't want your essay tossed aside on a technicality, such as using the wrong font or not double-spacing, read over and follow all the directions.
- Proofread AND Have Someone Else Proofread. Again, you don't want to miss out on a scholarship because you misspelled “weird” or had a series of grammatical mistakes in your essay. Read it over carefully and have at least one other person take a close look at it.
- Personalize Your Essay. It's called a personal statement for a reason — it should give the judges a clear idea of who you are and what you are passionate about. Avoid cookie-cutter cliches and vagueness. Find something important to you and let the judges know why it's important.
You don't have to work on your scholarship essay alone. You have some resources available, both paid and free, to help you craft the best essay possible. For example, EssayEdge and ScholarshipOwl offer professional editors and direct assistance with writing your essay, for a fee.
You can also work with a teacher or with a classmate who's a gifted writer. If your school has a writing center, use it. Many writing centers have tutors on hand to read over and offer commentary on your essays.
For more information on how to put together the best scholarship essay possible, check out our comprehensive guide to writing an essay.
How to Avoid Scams
These days, you can't conduct a simple online search without coming across a college scholarship scam or two. Luckily for you, most scams are easy to spot, once you know what to look for. Here's how to find and avoid the most common scams.
Don’t Pay to Enter
One of the most common scams out there is a “scholarship” that requires you to pay a large fee upfront. It's simple — you need money for school, you shouldn't have to pay to get that money. Avoid any programs that ask you for an application fee or other upfront fee or that want access to your credit card number.
You know it — an offer that seems too good to be true usually is. If a program guarantees that you'll win something or if you're suddenly presented with an award you didn't apply for, run the opposite direction.
While not all scholarship sweepstakes are scams, the bulk of them isn't worth your time. If you're going to enter a sweepstakes contest, such as the ones offered by Scholarship Owl, make sure it's a legitimate program. Do some research to see who's won and how much. Again, steer clear of any programs that want you to pay a lot upfront.
If you're invited to a seminar about a scholarship, be on guard. As the FTC notes, many seminars are actually high-pressure sales pitches designed to make you feel desperate and make you part with your money.
You can attend a seminar, but just be aware that there's likely no money at the end of it. In fact, most seminars are designed to take money from you.
Excessive “Hype” In Post
If a scholarship is so great, will its organizers really have to use superlatives in its description? Or, if a scholarship is so amazing, why are its organizers so desperate to find people for it?
Scam artists tend to use a lot of “hype” and expressive language to get you excited about the scholarship. In the long run, it's usually the case that there's no money to be had.
Requests for Personal Information
How much does a scholarship committee need to know about you? Your name and contact information should be enough, at least until you've won an actual award. A scholarship that wants the fine details, such as your social security number, right away, usually isn't a scholarship at all.
You're expected to submit an application that's perfect, but the scholarship committee can't even spell “Universty?” That's a big red flag.
Watch Out for Time Pressure
It's a common tactic for scam artists everywhere to tell you that an offer is going to expire or that you need to decide right away. You don't and you shouldn't. Those tactics are often used to get you to give up private information or to hand over a large amount of cash.
“We’ll Do the Work for You”
Legitimate scholarship services will help streamline the search process. But it should ultimately be your responsibility to fill out the applications and write the essays. Be wary of any company that promises to handle all the nitty-gritty details.
Read Reviews First
If you're not sure about a site or if a scholarship program seems too good to be true, do a search for reviews. People who have been scammed by a program are likely to be very vocal about their dissatisfaction. Learning from the mistakes of others can help you avoid making the same mistake yourself.
Don’t Give Up
You now know how to get a scholarship, now it's time to go get them. There are thousands of legitimate scholarship programs out there. You can't expect to win every award you try to get. The key thing to remember is not to give up. You might get turned down for a scholarship today, only to apply for three more next week and win them all.
You can't win any scholarships if you don't try. And the more you try, the more likely you are to win. Ready to start applying? Try our #1 recommended scholarship search engine: ScholarshipOwl.
SurveysSay Annual Marketing Scholarship
Every year we award one college student $1,000 to be used for college expenses (tuition, books, fees, etc). Most students with a business-related major qualify, and applying is easy and relatively fast. To get all the details, visit our scholarship page.
Want to know more about scholarships, how you can use them and what they mean for your aid package? Read on for a few frequently asked questions.
- How does a scholarship affect my other student aid? Your scholarships can reduce the aid you receive from your school if the scholarships come from an outside source. Ideally, your school will reduce the amount of loans you receive (which need to be paid back) and the not the amount of grant money you receive (which you don't pay back).
- How do I get my scholarship money? The answer varies from scholarship to scholarship. Some pay your school directly; others will pay you, then you pay your school.
- Can you use scholarships to pay for room and board? Again, the answer to this depends on the scholarship. Some can only cover the cost of tuition. Others can help cover any costs associated with college, including books and fees. Check to see what you can use the scholarship for when you apply. | <urn:uuid:0b4c97a7-e593-49a8-baaa-2667c25a456b> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://surveyssay.com/how-to-get-a-scholarship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988741.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20210506053729-20210506083729-00427.warc.gz | en | 0.963164 | 6,315 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Family : Orchidaceae
Text © Pietro Puccio
English translation by Mario Beltramini
The species is native to Borneo, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatra and Thailand where it grows on the trees of the humid forests between the 400 and the 2700 m of altitude.
The name of the genus is the combination of the Greek substantives “βολβός” (bolbos) = bulb and “φύλλον” (phyllon) = leaf, with reference to the leaves that grow at the apex of the pseudobulbs; the name of the species is the Latin adjective “mutabilis, e” = changeable, variable due to the colour of the flowers that changes from greenish to orange.
The Bulbophyllum mutabile (Blume) Lindl. (1830) is a rather variable epiphytic species with tendentially erect rhizome, ramified, and pseudobulbs, spaced of 1-2 cm, cylindrical, 0,6 cm long, provided at the apex of only one elliptical leaf with acute to obtuse apex, 1,2-3 cm long and 0,6-0,7 cm broad, of pale green colour and fleshy.
Basal inflorescence bearing 1-2 tiny flowers, of about 1 cm of diameter, with sepals and petals of greenish yellow to orange colour and labellum of a generally more intense colour. Oblong dorsal sepal with obtuse apex, 0,6 cm long, lateral ovate-triangular sepals with acute apex, about 0,6 cm long, ovate petals with acute apex, about 0,2 cm long, linguiform labellum with papillose margin, about 0,4 cm long.
It reproduces by seed, in vitro, and division, with each section provided of at least 3-4 pseudobulbs.
Miniature orchid diffused in a vast area of South-East Asia, but little present in cultivation, requires a partial shade, intermediate temperatures, 18-30 °C, with lowest winter night values over the 14 °C, high humidity, 70-80%, and constant light ventilation. Frequent waterings and nebulizations during the growth of the pseudobulbs, slightly more spaced during the vegetative rest in order to allow the substratum to partially dry up.
It may be mounted on small trunks, pieces of bark or rafts of arborescent ferns roots, covered by sphagnum, or placed in pots or baskets with draining and aerated compost formed by medium sliced bark fragments and sphagnum. Repottings and possible divisions are to be done, when strictly necessary, by the vegetative restart.
The decoction of the leaves is utilized by some Indonesian native populations as febrifuge.
The species is reported in the appendix II of the CITES (species whose trade is internationally ruled).
Synonyms: Diphyes mutabilis Blume (1825); Dendrobium brachypetalum Lindl. (1858); Callista brachypetala (Lindl.) Kuntze (1891); Phyllorkis mutabilis (Blume) Kuntze (1891); Bulbophyllum altispex Ridl. (1894); Bulbophyllum mutabile var. ceratostyloides Schltr. (1911); Bulbophyllum illudens Ridl. (1917); Bulbophyllum ceratostyloides (Schltr.) Schltr. (1925); Bulbophyllum semipellucidum J.J.Sm. (1928); Bulbophyllum pokapindjangense J.J.Sm. (1933); Bulbophyllum mutabile var. obesum J.J.Sm. (1991).
The photographic file of Giuseppe Mazza | <urn:uuid:ebd7971a-837f-45b2-ac1a-82565c1977a3> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://www.photomazza.com/?Bulbophyllum-mutabile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948594665.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20171217074303-20171217100303-00489.warc.gz | en | 0.774772 | 868 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Nokes - Dialectical Interaction and Robust Learning
Dialectical Interaction and Robust Learning
|PIs||Timothy Nokes, John Levine|
|Other Contributers||Daniel Belenky, Soniya Gadgil|
|Study Start Date||Sep. 1, 2009|
|Study End Date||May. 31, 2010|
|Site||University of Pittsburgh|
|Number of Students||N = ~180|
|Total Participant Hours||~360.|
|DataShop||no data yet|
Background & Significance
This work, which lies at the intersection of motivation, affect, social interaction and conceptual learning, studies the role of affect in a learning situation in which it is hypothesized to play a particularly prominent role. We focus on dialectical interaction, in which two or more people with roughly equal status but alternative viewpoints work together to solve a problem, perform a task, or reach agreement on an issue. The term “alternative viewpoints” is used broadly to include different stances on a controversial issue and different strategies for solving a problem. We assume that dialectical interaction affects participants’ cognitive activity in large part through its impact on their motivational states / goals and affective responses during discussion.
How do students learn when engaged in a debate? Do they integrate their own viewpoint with that of their opponent, or focus only on their own side? Does the format of the debate affect this? Also, what motivational and affective factors play into this? How do student goals (like performance or mastery goals) influence what information gets processed? Do different affective experiences lead to different patterns of learning?
Our first study has a 2 x 2 design.
Factor 1: Debate Format - Alternating Turns (1 minute each) or Free-Form
Factor 2: Debate Criterion - Substance or Rhetoric
Our dependent variables will consist of various measures of learning, gathered after the debate. These measures include a multiple-choice test, as well as an essay. Both of these will be evaluated in terms of how well a student has learned his side of the debate, as well as how well he has learned the other side, and how well he has integrated the two.
We will also gather measures of affect during the debate. This will be used as a dependent variable to see if our manipulations relating to the debate structure influence the affective reactions experienced. We will also be able to affective response as a predictor of learning, or as mediating variable between debate and learning. These affective measures will come from analysis of the vocal parameters of speech of each participant, as well as by analysis of facial cues.
We predict that focusing the debate on the substance of the arguments will produce a more coherent representation of both sides of the argument. We also predict that the free-form debate will lead to better learning of both sides, as the participants must be engaging with what a participant is saying more actively, and respond more immediately and thoroughly than when they have a minute between speaking turns.
In terms of affect, we expect that positive affective reactions to cognitive conflict will produce systematic processing of an opponent’s arguments, which in turn will facilitate learning these arguments and developing a more complex cognitive representation of the discussion topic. In contrast, negative affective reactions will produce superficial processing of the opponent’s arguments coupled with rehearsal of one’s own arguments. When negative affect is mild, interactants are unlikely to learn the opponent’s arguments or to develop a complex representation of the topic. Moreover, when negative affect is strong, interactants may actually show cognitive regression -- less complex representations of the topic after interaction than before. | <urn:uuid:5c14d24e-80b2-4e73-a6d9-65a096312969> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.learnlab.org/research/wiki/index.php?title=Nokes_-_Dialectical_Interaction_and_Robust_Learning&oldid=10331 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655880243.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20200702205206-20200702235206-00583.warc.gz | en | 0.929008 | 752 | 2.5625 | 3 |
John Harvard's Journal
The primitive "boneshaker" bicycle, with pedals attached directly to the front hub and wheels of similar diameter, made its Harvard debut in the winter of 1868-69, against the backdrop of an extraordinary nationwide craze. Although proponents of this inviting little vehicle heralded the arrival of a "new era of road travel," the 70-pound contraption proved woefully impractical and soon vanished from the American scene, amidst general dissatisfaction and debilitating patent wars.
Across the Atlantic, however, English engineers gradually fashioned the smooth-rolling and majestic high-wheeler, shedding half the original weight. This fleet machine, with a dangerous propensity to catapult riders over the handlebars, relinquished the dream of a "people's nag" in favor of a privileged young man's article of amusement. But what a frill it was. A cyclist could cover more than a hundred miles in a single day over the roughest rural roads. "I have passed some of the happiest hours of my life on my bicycle," affirmed one British enthusiast in 1873. By the following year, the universities of Cambridge and Oxford boasted cycling clubs. The inaugural road race between the two campuses covering 85 miles attracted hundreds of cheering bystanders. It was only a matter of time before the bicycle, in its revamped form, made its way back to the other Cambridge.
By early 1878, several Boston businessmen were importing the "fearfully and wonderfully made" English high mounts, prompting the formation of the Boston Bicycle Club. And that spring, the Harvard College Athletic Association hosted the country's first amateur races in Boston's Beacon Park. The winner, C.A. Parker of the class of 1880, covered three miles in about 12.5 minutes. "If Harvard, Yale, or Columbia would induce bicycle riding," predicted the Boston Globe, "before two years hundreds of collegians would be seen mounted and competing in this branch of athletic sport, and bicycle contests would create just as much interest as the recent foot-ball match between Princeton and Yale."
Once again, Harvard cyclists took the lead. In the spring of 1879, a dozen students formed the country's first collegiate cycling club. Its uniform consisted of a "gray jacket, cap, and knickerbockers," leaving to individual discretion "the color of stockings" an apparent concession to lax dressers. The membership regularly staged competitive 10-mile jaunts into the countryside to sleepy towns like Lexington. Departures were staggered according to skill level in a practice known as a "hare and hounds" run. Before long, reported the Globe, the shiny "steeds of steel" were to be found "reposing in the entries of all the principal dormitories." By the close of the inaugural year, club membership had reached 65 and there were just 90 bicycles campus-wide.
By the mid 1880s, the annual Five Mile Championship pitting the champion cyclists of Harvard and Yale drew thousands of spectators. These were often seesaw affairs, with the winner prevailing by a mere fraction of a wheel. But the sport never lost its elitist character. By the close of that decade, a new and more democratic vehicle had arrived the modern-style "safety" bicycle, complete with two small wheels of equal size and a chain drive. Following the timely introduction of the pneumatic tire, a veritable worldwide boom exploded. Cycling was no longer confined to a handful of elite male athletes, but became a wildly popular sport attracting men and women of all ages and backgrounds. At last, the bicycle made good on its original promise to provide practical transportation as well as good exercise.
~David V. Herlihy
David V. Herlihy '80, an historian and freelance writer (and alumnus of the Harvard Cycling Club), is the author of Bicycle: The History, a comprehensive and profusely illustrated account, just published by Yale University Press. He lives in Hull, Massachusetts. | <urn:uuid:8fc0ec77-7e74-40ca-ba02-419847049a1e> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://harvardmagazine.com/2004/11/highwheel-harvard.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257827781.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071027-00171-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960187 | 807 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Inclusion at the Pesach Seder
Karen Gluch, Assistant Director of the Elaine and Norm Brodsky Midreshet Darkaynu program at Midreshet Lindenbaum
The Pesach Seder is long and detailed, intricate and complex. It is elaborate and diverse,
structured and orderly. However it is also exciting and experiential, moving and stimulating.
The Pesach Seder is for everyone! One of the first things that we do is invite guests. We
say, “Whoever is hungry, let him come and eat; whoever is in need, let him come and
conduct the Seder of Passover.” Why the repetition? What is the difference between hungry
and in need? Who are we talking to? Who is hearing the invitation, haven’t the invitations
gone out already? There are many discussions about this and different answers given. One is
that we are talking to ourselves! We are all hungry, we are all in need, we are all lacking, and
we all have room to grow! Each of us has our inner Egypt, our own obstacles and struggles.
So we invite each one of us at the Seder table to truly participate in the experience of the
Seder table, to experience and internalize the slavery. And then to use those feelings to
inspire us to reach for the next step, the freedom, and truly appreciate the sweetness of our
We invite each and every person at the Seder to partake in the Seder. How can we ensure
that everyone will take part and be fully involved? The Four Sons at the Seder can represent
all the different types of people, how we can respond to each of them at their level, the
place that they are at, and not where we are or we would like them to be.
The Seder is built to include different types of learners; visual, auditory, kinesthetic
(experiential), and narrative to name a few. The Seder from Kaddish until Nirtza includes
many different learning styles and gives everyone an opportunity to be a part of the Seder in
a meaningful way. At a shiur on the Hagaddah by Rabbi Judah Dardik, he divided the Seder
into four, the repetition of the story of the Exodus from Egypt told in different ways to
satisfy the needs of those with various learning styles. Maggid begins as a story (narrative
learner), songs are included (auditory), tasting and eating of specific foods symbolizing the
experience of slavery and freedom (kinesthetic), and items are raised at different points that
we are supposed to look and point at (visual). The Seder is not the time for children, nor
anyone else, to be ‘seen and not heard’. Everyone should truly be an active participant at
The lessons learned at the Seder should not be limited to a one night a year experience. We
should always be inviting others to join us, sensitive to the needs of those around us,
extending ourselves to make all feel included. We went down to Egypt as 70 individuals and
G-d took us out as one nation We are all part of Am Yisrael. | <urn:uuid:754fb3d0-7e16-48b2-8d95-94fea78625af> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://ots.org.il/inclusion-at-the-pesach-seder/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027312128.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20190817102624-20190817124624-00386.warc.gz | en | 0.955118 | 678 | 2.578125 | 3 |
This introductory virology course emphasizes the common reactions that must be completed by all viruses for successful reproduction within a host cell and survival and spread within a host population. The molecular basis of alternative reproductive cycles are presented with examples drawn from a set of representative animal and human viruses, although selected bacterial viruses will be discussed.
This offering has been a top-ten iTunes U Course in sciences pretty much since its release in 2012, with over 80,000 subscriptions. The course will be ported to the Coursera platform in two parts and will allow interested online students to take the course as a cohort for the first time.
Week 1 Welcome to virology What is a virus? Viruses then and now Week 2 The infectious cycle Assay of viral infectivity Measurement
of virions and their components Revolutionary methods One-step growth
cycle Week 3 The Baltimore scheme DNA virus genomes RNA virus genomes Viral
Week 4 Structure The tools of structural virology Helical symmetry Icosahedral symmetry Enveloped virions Complex virions
Week 5 Attachment to cells Entry into cells Acid-catalyzed fusion A new paradigm for entry Entry of non-enveloped virions Entering the nucleus
Week 6 Viral RNA synthesis RNA polymerization Plus strand RNA synthesis Negative strand RNA synthesis RNA synthesis of dsRNA genomes RNA synthesis as a source of diversity
Week 7 DNA basics Lessons from SV40 Priming via DNA or protein Viral origins Big DNA viruses Regulation of DNA synthesis
Week 8 Transcription Initiation of transcription Viral transcription regulation Capping and polyadenylation Pre-mRNA splicing
Week 9 Reverse transcriptase Retroviruses Reverse transcription Integration The provirus Hepatitis B virus
Week 10 End-dependent initiation of protein synthesis Other decoding mechanisms One mRNA, one protein? Maximizing coding capacity of the viral genome Regulation of translation: eIF2alpha How viruses regulate cell translation MicroRNAs
Week 11 Principles of virion assembly Getting to the right place Making sub-assemblies Concerted assembly: Budding Genome packaging Acquisition of an envelope and egress
I am semi-retired physician and I have found Dr. Racaniello's Virology course a wonderful refresher and source of new learning. His enthusiasm is infectious and his style and explanations are thorough and understandable for a novice like myself. I supplement the learning with his TWIV podcast which I highly recommend. Thank you Dr. R.
John Smith completed this course, spending 3 hours a week on it and found the course difficulty to be hard.
This is an amazing course taught by a leading virologist who is clearly very passionate about viruses, and his passion is contagious. I didn't realize how interesting and varied viruses were until I took this class (I also recommend virology II, how viruses cause disease), and I'm now quite fond of them. Having said that, this is a challenging course. Because it involves molecular biology, there are a number of genes, acronyms, and molecules that you are required to know. Expect a little bit of frustration from that, but the class more than makes up for it.
Anonymous is taking this course right now.
It is somewhat difficult to find as a short courses alone because it is human microbiology, tiny life microorganisms which cann't be seen in our eyes except microscopes
Hello. Can you help me. When I can do it course? This is topic very interesting for me. Can you activate this course again? Thanks. | <urn:uuid:adfede59-9baa-4b50-97c3-ad31f9639cbd> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.classcentral.com/course/virology-952 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585460.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20211022052742-20211022082742-00394.warc.gz | en | 0.932352 | 709 | 2.84375 | 3 |
EU To Pay Fishermen to Catch Plastic Trash
With heaps of plastic choking the world's oceans and fishermen chaffing at new regulations meant to protect dwindling European fish stocks, a top EU official has proposed a clever idea that may help address both problems: Pay fishermen to catch plastic trash, rather than fish.EU fisheries chief Maria Damanaki has been under fire for the European Commission's plan to ban discards of edible fish. The practice is no small problem, The Guardian wrote this week:
Two-thirds of the fish caught in some areas is thrown back, usually dead, because fleets exceed their quota, unintentionally catch juveniles or species for which they lack a quota, or because they prioritize higher-value fish and throw away lesser species. About 1 million tons are thrown back each year in the North Sea alone.
Instead of caving in to the fishing-industry pressure on the issue, Damanaki has vowed to move forward with the discards ban -- saying "time is running out" to make "radical reform" -- while offering fishermen an alternative source of income.
Trial Project To Start In Mediterranean
Under a trial project to start in the Mediterranean this month, fishermen will be equipped with special "nets to round up the plastic detritus that is threatening marine life, and send it for recycling," The Guardian wrote. The EU will initially subsidize the initiative, but the hope is that it could eventually become self-sustaining as fishermen make more money from the recycling itself.
A similar -- albeit voluntary -- project carried out in 2002-2004 in the North Sea area, where more than 20,000 tons of marine litter is dumped annually, succeeded in bringing some fishermen on board with the fishing-for-litter idea. According to a report by the Save the North Sea project, fishermen spend an average of one to two hours each week removing litter from their nets; marine debris can also damage fishing gear and contaminate catches.
More On Ocean Trash
Ocean Plastics In Our Food Chain: The Importance Of Lantern Fish and Night Trawling
Marine Microbes Found Feasting On Plastic
Surfboards Made From Ocean Trash, Including Plastic Bags, Bottles, and Glass
Vacuum Cleaners Made from Ocean Plastic Highlight Ugly Pollution, Beautiful Design
Plastic Century Dares You: Sip from Trash-Filled Water
Taking out the Trash... From Ocean Garbage Patches (Slideshow)
Study Reveals Two Biggest, Deadliest Kinds of Marine Trash | <urn:uuid:8f978682-4292-4a3d-be32-a779624d1918> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/eu-to-pay-fishermen-to-catch-plastic-trash.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657131545.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011211-00077-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915988 | 517 | 2.671875 | 3 |
However amorphous this sense of inexorable historical progress may have been, these developments were recognized as being singularly dependent on technical advances in the print industry.
In Letters on Education (1790), Catherine Macaulay argued that the Jean d'Alembert'sadvantages of printing, by rendering easy the communication of ideas, giving an universality to their extent, and a permanence to their existence, will ever be found a sufficient remedy against those evils which all societies have experienced from the superstitions of the weak, and the imposing craft of the subtle" (323). Thomas Holcroft placed a similar emphasis on Jean d'Alembert'sthe art of printing" in the defence of this progressivist vision of history which his protagonist makes to the cynic Stradling in Hugh Trevor (1797):
Holcroft"s account of Western culture, from the wonders of Greece and Rome to the final glimpse of utopian futurity, is structured by its juxtaposition of Western traditions with Egyptian and Indian tyranny. But it is also informed by a teleology that bridges two historical epochs characterized by two different types of print in an irreversible march of social progress. From printing as a signifying system capable of reproduction to print as the mechanized basis of that reproduction, technical advances in the art of written communication foster democratic advances as a direct result of the dissemination of knowledge. D"Israeli was less confident of the effects of Jean d'Alembert'sthe invention of Printing", but he none the less acknowledged that it was fundamentally reshaping society by diffusing new ideas throughout a growing reading public which included Jean d'Alembert'sthose whose occupations had otherwise never permitted them to judge on literary compositions".
When knowledge was locked up in Egyptian temples, or secreted by Indian Brahmins for their own selfish traffic, it was indeed difficult to increase this imaginary circle of yours: but no sooner was it diffused among mankind, by the discovery of the alphabet, than, in a short period, it was succeeded by the wonders of Greece and Rome. And now, that its circulation is facilitated in so incalculable a degree, who shall be daring enough to assert his puny standard is the measure of all possible futurity? (352)
The printing press made it possible to produce large editions relatively cheaply and quickly, but the virtual space of the public sphere which this created remained dependent on a growing network of lending libraries, reading rooms, reading societies, coffee houses, debating societies, and on the beginnings of a national postal system efficient enough to facilitate the circulation of books, newspapers, and pamphlets.
This infrastructure spanned the major cities and the provincial towns, and embraced, in varying degrees, both the polite and the poorer classes.
Richard Altick notes that the more exclusive libraries, which charged fees and were often attached to the Jean d'Alembert'sliterary and philosophical societies" which sprang up in the larger towns, were complemented by numerous book clubs composed of members who banded together to share the cost of books, and by the commercial libraries which lent popular literature (generally novels) at accessible prices. Altick"s warning against overestimating the extent of the diffusion of reading beneath the level of artisans and small shopkeepers is probably true for those areas of literature whose price and length limited their accessibility.
But it overlooks the enormous eighteenth- century demand for chapbooks, as well as for newspapers, which by the 1790s carried extensive reports of parliamentary proceedings.
It also underestimates the effects of those formal and informal associations and practices which helped to extend the privileges of print culture amongst the lower orders.
The provision made in the Pitt government"s 1789 bill to increase the stamp tax against hiring out newspapers for a minimal charge suggests a nervous awareness by the government of a potentially large body of working-class readers.
The tradition of tavern debating, especially in London, made it possible for anyone who could afford the sixpence fee to be a part of the same exchange of ideas about current topics that was identified by many as the most important function of literature.
Whatever their more political concerns, the Sunday night meetings of the London Corresponding Society offered members of this class a chance to participate in reading and discussion groups.
These expansionary dynamics reinforced links between literate and non-literate social groups, who were able to hear pamphlets and newspapers read aloud in the taverns. All of these factors reinforce Stuart Curran"s observation that Jean d'Alembert'sthe sense that history was being made, or remade, on a world scale was universal; so was the recognition that it did not actually occur until it happened in print".
This ideal of literature as a public sphere was universalizing in the claims that were made for it, but this did not, of course, mean that it was universally embraced. It was generally associated with the reformist middle class, and particularly with Dissenters such as Richard Price, Gilbert Wakefield, George Dyer, Godwin, Priestley (praised by the Analytical Review ? which was in turn published by another famous Dissenter, Joseph Johnson ? for possessing Jean d'Alembert'sa mind unincumbered with the shackles of authority, richly stored with knowledge, long exercised in liberal speculation, and . . . superior to artifice and disguise" (9 (1791): 52?3)), Helen Maria Williams, Anna Barbauld, and Hays.
Kramnick notes that because large numbers of English Dissenters had emigrated to the America, those Jean d'Alembert'swho remained in England constituted about 7 percent of the population. But those 7 percent . . . were at the heart of the progressive and innovative nexus that linked scientific, political, cultural, and industrial radicalism". Rational Dissenters and their beliefs, values, and language
permeated the non-establishment literary and social circles of the day, and had considerable influence over a wide area of printing and publishing. They Jean d'Alembert'sresorted to literature and publishing as sources of income because many other professions were denied to them by the Tests".
by their faith, and in the case of Williams, Barbauld, and Hays, by their sex as well, Dissenters discovered in literary achievements both a form of self-legitimation and a vehicle for promoting political change. They could establish their credentials as citizens fit to participate in the political sphere by demonstrating their abilities and their integrity within the literary republic. In doing so, they frequently contrasted the moral worth of Jean d'Alembert'sthe peaceful walks of speculation" with Jean d'Alembert'sthe crooked and dangerous labyrinths of modern statesmen and politicians".
In An Address to the Opposers of the Repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts (1790), Barbauld turned political loss to strategic advantage by comparing the selfless integrity of literature with the corruption of formal politics:
For many observers, these differences between the industrious and virtuous middle classes and the indolent aristocracy were reflected in the different approaches of the educational institutions attended by their sons. Whereas a foreign visitor to Oxford was reportedly amazed by a degree examination in which Jean d'Alembert'sthe Examiner, candidate, and others concerned passed the statutory time in perfect quiet reading novels and other entertaining works", Dissenting academies such as Warrington, Exeter, Hackney, and Manchester were widely popular with the prosperous middle class for their efforts to offer a more practical and thorough education which included large components of the natural and applied sciences, philosophy, theology, and politics. In his Letter to the Right Honourable William Pitt on the Subject of Toleration and Church Establishment (1787), Priestley argued that Jean d'Alembert's[w]hile your universities resemble pools of stagnant water secured by dams and mounds, and offensive to the neighbourhood, ours are like rivers, which, while taking their natural course, fertilize a whole country" (20). Priestley pioneered the study of history and geography at a university level while teaching at Warrington, and ? after being driven from Birmingham by the riots of July 1791 ? gave free lectures in chemistry and history at Manchester, where the student body included William Hazlitt from 1793 to 1795.
You have set a mark of separation upon us, and it is not in our power to take it off, but it is in our power to determine whether it shall be a disgraceful stigma or an honourable distinction . . . If, by our attention to literature, and that ardent love of liberty which you are pretty ready to allow us, we deserve esteem, we shall enjoy it . . . If your restraints operate towards keeping us in that middle rank of life where industry and virtue most abound, we shall have the honour to count ourselves among that class of the community which has ever been the source of manners, of population and of wealth. (22?3)
Importantly, dissenting academies held their lectures in English rather than Latin, drawing on a range of English sources which were more easily and rapidly consulted, and more modern in their range of thought. Gauri Viswanathan has argued that English Studies were first formally implemented in India in the early nineteenth century. It is not disagreeing with this to add, as McLachlan and Robert Crawford do, that the informal roots of English studies lie in those programmes of polite literature or belles lettres which were frequently taught in Britain"s social and geographical margins ? the Scottish universities and the Jean d'Alembert'sprovincial, northern, non-metropolitan" settings of many of the academies.
It is in these political and institutional terms that we must read Peter Hohendahl"s argument that Jean d'Alembert's[l]iterature served the emancipation movement of the middle class as an instrument to gain self-esteem and to articulate its human demands against the absolutist state and the hierarchical society".
However coherent it may have seemed as a result of its adversarial status though, the reform movement remained a heterogeneous social body divided along lines of class as well as gender. In his analysis of the role of theory in the political developments of the period, David Simpson argues that
The political aspirations of radical reformers such as Paine and the leaders of the London Corresponding Society overlapped with the professional ambitions of middle-class authors who were equally intent on mobilizing these ideas in order to legitimize their own reformist ambitions. Instead of either conflating these two groups or seeing them as wholly distinct, it is more important to view them as internally differentiated and multiply overlapping social constituencies, whose shared ideas about the role of literature led to a strategic entanglement and a mutual nervousness about the nature of their alliance in the polarized atmosphere of the mid-1790s. Maintaining this focus on the heterogeneity of
the reform movement, and remembering the points of commonality between many middle-class reformers and conservatives, usefully complicates the oppositional vision which structures approaches such as Olivia Smith"s none the less valuable The Politics of Language, 1791?1819. As Isaac Kramnick puts it, Jean d'Alembert's[i]n the last half of the eighteenth century . . . we find antagonistic interests and conflicting ideologies that require more than the dichotomy of plebeian and patrician".
Kramnick situates his argument in opposition to what he describes as E. P. Thompson"s more polarized view, but in Jean d'Alembert'sEighteenth-Century English Society: Class Struggle Without Class?" Thompson argues in strikingly similar terms that Jean d'Alembert'swhen the ideological break with paternalism came, in the 1790s, it came in the first place less from the plebeian culture than from the intellectual culture of the Dissenting middle class, and from thence it was carried to the urban artisans" (163?4).
for Tom Paine and his followers, as for their Enlightenment precursors, rational method was a liberating and demystifying energy, a way beyond the illusions of social, political, and religious conventions, which it exposed as just that: illusions . . . [T]he naturally reasonable mind had only to be shown the truth for the truth to spread and prevail.
By tracing both the complex and often controversial relations between these elements of the reform movement, and their various points of opposition and collusion with their mutual opponents, for whom the word Jean d'Alembert'sreform" became increasingly intolerable, I want to develop a more intricate understanding of the sorts of claims that were being made on Jean d'Alembert'sliterature" in the period. Emergent or developing ideas about the nature of literature were shaped by both the areas of overlap and the differences between these various elements of the political struggles in the period. Conservative authors and journals were in many ways sympathetic to ideas about literature as an engine of progress. At times, this was because the rhetoric of Jean d'Alembert'simprovement" was too compelling to be seen to despise; elsewhere, it was because this spirit of improvement included priorities which conservative authors genuinely embraced. A correspondent to the Gentleman"s Magazine, a periodical which was no friend to the sorts of political reforms advocated by the likes of Godwin, Priestley, Wollstonecraft, or Hays, none the less proudly cited this diffusion of learning as a source of national pride: Jean d'Alembert'sKnowledge, which was long confined to few, is now universally diffused, and is not lost in empty speculation, but operates upon the heart, and stimulates more active and new modes of benevolence" (58 (1788): 214). The Gentleman"s stressed, though without the political emphasis of these Enlightenment reformers, a similar sense of the need for this diffusion of learning throughout society:
The British Critic could similarly announce that Jean d'Alembert's[e]very publication which tends to the abridgement of labour, and the promotion of accuracy, must be acceptable to the literary world" (it gave the particular example of logarithms), but it was unlikely to endorse the sorts of connections between literature and the cause of political reform espoused by liberal and radical authors (3 (1794): 1). The progressive power of literature was, as we have seen, frequently associated with the cause of political liberty, but again, the interpretation of this relationship depended heavily on whether liberty was understood to refer to the present state of society, and so to achievements that lay in the past, or to the goal of transforming present conditions, guided by a vision of a better future.
To what end was the learning of a few whilst it was confined to a few? Moroseness and pedantry. To what end was the Gospel, whilst its moralities were veiled by pomp or mysticism? Superstition or hypocrisy. They are now universally disseminated for the happiness of all. And we have now in our power more genuine felicity than was ever known at any former period. (61 (1791): 820)
Conservative critics took pride in the fact Jean d'Alembert'sthat, in almost every branch of science and literature, the industry and abilities of our countrymen have rendered themselves conspicuous" (BC 4 (1794): 417). Nor were they unwilling to advocate the freedom of the press. The Gentleman"s allowed, in a hostile review of Thelwall"s Rights of Nature, that the republic of letters was a sphere within which Jean d'Alembert's[e]very member. . . however obscure, possesses the most unbounded right to discuss with perfect freedom the opinions and reasoning of every other" (67 (1797): 55). The British Critic offered its own cautious endorsement of the political importance of Jean d'Alembert'san ample publication of authentic documents to convey correct information" in the context of its support for the dissemination of conservative pamphlets (2 (1793): 152). Freedom of the press was too important a touchstone of English liberty to be seen to oppose. It was more effective to try to beat the radicals at their own game, as Hannah More did with her Cheap Repository Tracts, by using literature as a means of reaching the hearts and minds of the lower orders. And as the prosecution never tired of repeating in seditious-libel trials, respect for the liberty of the press demanded that it be defended as actively as possible from its greatest enemy, which was not the threat of state intervention, but a licentiousness which had betrayed the important social role which literature ought to play. | <urn:uuid:b1aff1ac-e0cb-4b6f-8783-2f3846bfe94d> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.rc.umd.edu/sites/default/RCOldSite/www/bibliographies/CUP/keen/keen3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609530131.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005210-00040-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961388 | 3,446 | 2.75 | 3 |
Don’t Believe It
Several advertising campaigns are currently having a huge persuasive influence on consumers’ buying decisions. The ads are strategically broadcasted via several communication channels including TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, cable TV, published documents, and the Internet. Frequently, it is inevitable for consumers to fall victim to exaggerated advertising information, causing them to be easily convinced by incredibly attractive offers. Finally, some unfortunate consumers will find themselves trapped in those inferior products, which can even cause fatal reactions to human health. The Thai Food and Drug Administration (Thai FDA) has raised its deep concern over the rising trend of exaggerated advertising, trying very hard to encourage people to select the right consumer products based on their genuine quality and not on overstated advertising information. It is crucial for all related parties to force product manufacturers to have greater responsibility in operating their businesses.
The ‘Don’t Believe It’ project was officially initiated in 2007, with the purpose of providing consumers with knowledge and understanding towards inferior products and advertising scams. The Thai FDA has continued to encourage Thai people to change their consumption behaviors to realize the significance of self-reliance and self-sufficiency in consuming quality health products, as part of the goal to promote good personal immunization correctly and safely.
As the project was implemented based on two strategic requirements, including the promotion of project-related campaigns and the launch of knowledge-sharing activities, people were expected to be more educated and safe from being deceived by exaggerated advertizing campaigns launched for a variety of consumer products such as food, pharmaceutical drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, and hazardous household items. The two main parts of the project were explained below:
1. The promotion of project-related campaigns – focused on the suppression of overstated advertising information, which was promoted through several types of media including TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, cable TV, published documents, and the Internet. Besides, additional events held under the themes ‘Smart Buyer’ and ‘Precautions on Hazardous Products’ as well as the short film contest developed under the topic ‘Don’t Believe It’ were also introduced differently each year.
2. The evaluation of project achievement – was conducted among a target group of people aged 15-60 nationwide. The evaluation results were used for the development of media publication to be more productive and accessible to a larger group of consumers. It was also necessary to evaluate the consumers’ improved ability to view the advertisement of health products, particularly to see how efficient they could differentiate between exaggerated or deceptive ads and proper ones. | <urn:uuid:34a4e667-abe2-4a0a-8f0d-2ed237640bc6> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | http://pca.fda.moph.go.th/en/project_detail.php?id=98 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250594705.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119180644-20200119204644-00364.warc.gz | en | 0.977136 | 526 | 2.640625 | 3 |
An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or phrase. An acronym is an abbreviation pronounced as a word. The most common examples are the FBI and NASA. Many people use the terms interchangeably, but there is a difference. An abbreviation can be pronounced as an individual letter, such as “FBI.” An acronym is pronounced as a word, such as “NASA.” In most cases, you can tell the difference by how they are written. An abbreviation will have periods between the letters, such as “Mr.” An acronym will not have periods between the letters, such as “Mr.” If you are not sure which one to use, it is best to use the full term and then spell out the acronym or abbreviation in parentheses.
What is Abbreviation?
An abbreviation is a shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase. An abbreviation may be made up of initial letters, parts of words, or whole words. The most common type of abbreviation is the initialism, which is an abbreviation pronounced one letter at a time. Other types of abbreviations include acronyms, which are abbreviations pronounced as words, and contractions, which are abbreviations pronounced as words but are usually made up of parts of words. Some abbreviations are used only in certain contexts, such as medical or scientific jargon. Others, such as “Mr.” and “Dr.,” are so common that they are considered part of standard English. In general, it is best to avoid abbreviations in formal writing and to use them sparingly in casual writing. When in doubt, it is always best to write out the full word or phrase.
What is Acronym?
An acronym is an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word. The word “radar” is an acronym for “radio detecting and ranging.” Acronyms are commonly used in formal writing to avoid repeating long, cumbersome phrases. For example, the acronym “NASA” is often used in place of “National Aeronautics and Space Administration.” While acronyms can be helpful in making writing more concise, they should be used sparingly to avoid confusion. In addition, acronyms that are not widely known should be avoided in formal writing. When in doubt, it is best to spell out the full name of the organization or event.
Difference between Abbreviation and Acronym
An abbreviation is an abbreviated or shortened form of a word or phrase. An acronym is an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word. The word “abbreviation” comes from the Latin brevis, meaning “short.” The word “acronym” comes from the Greek akros, meaning “highest, topmost.” It is often said that all acronyms are abbreviations but not all abbreviations are acronyms. However, this is not true. Many acronyms are initialisms, which are abbreviations pronounced one letter at a time. For example, NASA is an acronym, but CPU is an initialism. There are also portmanteaus, which are two words combined into one.
Although acronyms are often created when an abbreviation is pronounced as a word, not all abbreviations become acronyms. An acronym is a type of abbreviation formed from the first letters of a multi-word name or phrase, with those letters pronounced together as one term, like NASA. An abbreviation is a shortened form of only one word and is typically pronounced as that single word, such as Mr. for Mister. So remember, if it’s multiple words and you can say it as individual letter sounds, it’s an acronym. If it’s just one word and you pronounce it normally, it’s an abbreviation! | <urn:uuid:29a7a968-b24e-4863-9afb-9778edae9d09> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://differencebetweenz.com/difference-between-abbreviation-and-acronym/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662521041.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220518021247-20220518051247-00777.warc.gz | en | 0.96 | 812 | 3.90625 | 4 |
« December 2006 |
| February 2007 »
Webcam mirrors uses
Following Aude's post, I would like to underline the fact that any webcam application could potentially be used in conjunction with these objects (such as skype, or to post the image "memory" of the mirror on the internet --i.e blog, flickr--, to use the variable_environment's softwares like tracking of spatial configurations, augmented reality, etc.).
It still has to be decided if a webcam mirror can do everything (possibly support "any" program like a "any webcam") or not (the mirror has a specific function). Additional computed visual function of the lamp will possibly be used for tracking only (remote control kind of function). In any case, if a computer is needed, this will be the "computer bedside/low table".
Posted by patrick keller at 17:27
Webcam Objects (models)
Webcam objects, as they are designed for this project, have a strong, simple and slightly unusual identity.
The following images are taken from the work-in-progress, before producing real scale / real material objects.
Model of the webcam lamp (still made out of cardboard on this picture) fixed to the ceiling.
The cylindre is 40cm of diameter and 40cm hight.
It integrates 5 halogen's lights and a webcam (central hole).
Colapsible Table Mirror works with a laptop.
Furniture Computer (computer "bedside/low" table)
Posted by aude at 17:08
Cradle to cradle
During Workshop#5 (Language of Pattern) led by Rachel Wingfield, she mentioned this book as a big reference about sustainable design for her work & Loop.pH's approach.
I just give the link to the book written by William McDonough & Michael Braungart here.
Posted by patrick keller at 16:01
MIT's Technology Review reports about Personal technology (to relate with Variable_environment's quick images about Personal environment) and its potential evolution. With topics that interests us such as "Annotating the earth" (Google Earth type of things, to relate with "AR Ready" simple objects based on AR signs/patterns), A New Platform for Social Computing: Cell Phones or The Evolution of Wireless.
Posted by patrick keller at 15:24
Resurgence/revival of the avatar or the "2nd lifes/worlds" kind of questions
In an article published in MAKE Magazine volume 07 ("News from the future" section by Tim O'Reilly), you'll find an interesting short essay about first, second and possibly third life and about yet another mishmash situation (our own body in this case).
There is also an interview of Tor Lindstrand on Archinect about Architecture's Second Life and a recent post about Google earth + sketchup by Nicolas Nova on Pasta & Vinegar.
That's a revival! Possibly the first one in the digital era since the arcade/pixel games nostalgia. What about avatars wearing late 90'ies like clothes in 2nd life!?
I'm personnaly not a big fan of those kind of "duplicated reality" approaches for 2nd worlds where you should rather face Moore's law than the gravity one. But it's funny to consider that such projects, which were buzz but not working at all 10 years ago (think about the 2nd world of Canal+ where we produced a "digital museum" back in 1999), are now complete buzz again.
It looks like there is definitely a before and an after Google earth, MySpace, 2ndLife, etc. and that the conditions to see a more massive presence of so called "virtual worlds" (and then possibly deeper hybridization between 1st & 2nd) are now joined together (partly because of technical issues but also essentially because those environments are now part of the daily social network).
Posted by patrick keller at 10:44
Régine Debatty (aka we make money not art) mentioned yesterday the *Variable_environment/* project blog as one of the "cool blogs" that have emerged last year.
Well, thank you Régine!!
I'm more than happy that people can enjoy our rhizomatic journey through this research project.
Don't miss this LINK to look at many other interesting art, architecture or design's blogs.
Posted by patrick keller at 11:08 | <urn:uuid:7ac5382a-0f66-42c0-9404-9cd57894a353> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://sketchblog.ecal.ch/variable_environment/archives/2007/01/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218189088.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212949-00582-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927655 | 928 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Thomas Jefferson, More Than Just a Name:
Who do we choose to memorialize in our community? What types of achievements and behavioral characteristics do we place value on? These were the very questions tackled at the most recent Humboldt Neighborhood Association (HNA) meeting, which led to riveting discussion surrounding movement to renew a motion to renew the neighborhood policy stating:
HNA General Meeting, Novemeber 15, 2012 (original motion passed) – November 8, 2017 (renewed)
“This board is opposed, as a matter of policy, to retaining names of schools and other public institution names for former slave owners or others who did not respect equal opportunity for all. ”Clifford Walker, Humboldt resident and HNA Historian
The HNA discussion was focused on Thomas Jefferson and the local high school named after him. Many revere him as a founding father; the author of the declaration of independence and successful president.
Many, however choose to overlook, or are uninformed of his less publicized side. Thomas Jefferson’s behaviors and writings would lead us to believe that he was a proponent of white supremacy, unopposed to forced sexual encounters (when done within the bounds of his legal rights as a property owner) and was perhaps, one of the earliest eugenicists in modern history.
These starkly juxtaposed positions challenge us as individuals and a community to seriously consider what type of people and things we choose to memorialize. Thomas Jefferson is more than just a name – it’s a statement that represents a legacy, a belief system, personal ethics, and a specific understanding of the world.
These conversations are being held all around the nation and world. From San Francisco to Oklahoma City, India to Paraguay. There is no reason Portland and the Humboldt neighborhood should not be having the same conversations. The Humboldt neighborhood, and Portland as a whole have both led the charge in forward thinking. My experiences have proven that the Humboldt neighborhood exists as a city center for creativity and inclusion. If we wish to continue this legacy- I challenge the community to think twice before willingly sending their children, and tax dollars into buildings named after individuals who promoted the use of slave labor, violence, and championed white supremacy.
Who was Thomas Jefferson? Why was the school named after him? Are there alternative people or things we could name our community school after?
If these questions interest you or you’d like to get involved in the discussion, please join the Humboldt Neighborhood Association and other community members on January 29th at the North Portland Library to discuss where we go from here.
Updated Humboldt Neighborhood Survey Request!
DID YOU KNOW…
(1) Your neighbors see Humboldt as an historic, educational center with walkable streets and easily accessible local businesses.
How do you view Humboldt now?
(2) Your neighbors value Humboldt’s diversity and friendliness, and want to continue community revitalization efforts so these traits are not lost.
What do you want Humboldt to be in the future?
Please take the survey below yourself, so that we can better represent you while thinking about a long-term vision for Humboldt Neighborhood!
For more information about the questions and your neighbors’ responses to the 2014 HNA survey, please see the ‘About Humboldt’ Menu Tab above and select the ‘Humboldt Neighborhood Survey’ from the drop down menu to see the results
We are currently looking for enthusiastic members to join The Humboldt Neighborhood Association (HNA). Come to a monthly meeting to find out more!
Humboldt Neighborhood Association now meets every second WEDNESDAY of the month, 7pm – 9pm (No meeting in August).
This family friendly meeting always includes renters & businesses, as well as home owners!!
All Neighbors & their children welcome! (please feel free to come for all or part of the meeting)
New Meeting Location:
Neil Kelly 804 N. Alberta Street on the corner of Albina & Alberta Parking is located behind Neil Kelly and entrance is in the back from the parking lot.
If you’d like to be on the agenda, email us at [email protected]
CHECK OUT & LIKE OUR FACEBOOK PAGE: https://www.facebook.com/humboldtneighborhoodassociation/?fref=ts | <urn:uuid:93bc29f0-33ad-4963-a946-3b937d870506> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://humboldtneighborhood.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645550.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318071715-20180318091715-00043.warc.gz | en | 0.948124 | 935 | 3 | 3 |
Paper Battery Construction, Working, Advantages, Disadvantages
This Paper battery tutorial covers Paper battery basics including construction, working and applications. It mentions Paper battery advantages and Paper battery disadvantages.
Paper battery has become popular due to its flexible and ultra thin energy storage structure. It can be utilized as high energy battery. It can also function as super capacitor. It is widely used in electronics, medical, automobiles and aircraft industries for various applications.
Paper battery Construction | Paper battery working operation
The device paper battery is formed by combining carbon nanotubes with sheet of
cellulose based paper. This device combines two discrete components as mentioned.
➨Paper Battery = Carbon Nanotubes + Paper (Cellulose)
Cellulose is complex organic substance. This is found in paper as well as pulp. This substance is not digestible by the human beings.
A Carbon NanoTubes is very tiny cylinder formed from single sheet of carbon atoms rolled into single tiny cylinder. They are stronger than steel. They conduct better compare to any semiconductors. They can be used as sngle-walled or multi-walled.
As shown in the figure-1, paper battery is made of following:
• carbon nanotubes (CNT) acts as cathode
• Lithium metal (Li+) acts as anode
• Electrolytes including bio-electrolytes such as sweat, blood and urine.
• cellulose based paper acts as separator
Following steps are followed during the construction of paper battery:
• First, common paper of desired size is used.
• Special ink with desired substrate is spread over this paper using conformal coating.
• Once the solvent is dried out, high contact surface area is formed between nanotubes and paper using strong capillary force.
• Now thin layer of lithium film is laminated on exposed part of cellulose surface. This will complete construction of the paper battery.
• Once the battery is made, anode and cathode terminals are connected with aluminium current collectors in order to provide interfacing with external loads.
• Paper battery is different in construction to standard battery, but working wise it is similar to the electro-chemical battery.
Properties of cellulose include bio-degradable, high tensile strength, bio-compatible, low shear strength, easy to reuse and recycle, non-toxic, excellent absorption capacity etc.
Properties of carbon nanotubes include very light and flexible, good electrical conductivity, low mass density, high packing density, high tensile strength, low resistance etc.
Paper battery Advantages
Following are the advantages of Paper Battery:
• The properties of cellulose and carbon nanotunes as outlined above are the great benefits in paper battery design and development.
• It is bio-compatible and hence they can easily adopted by our immune system.
• They can be re-used and re-cycled by using techniques of existing paper recycling.
• The paper batteries are rechargeable using all electrolytes.
• It is durable and operates in wide temperature range.
• There is no leakage problem as no leaky fluids are used in its design.
• It does not overheat even under extreme conditions due to low resistance characteristics.
• Flexible and light in weight.
• Paper battery with desired shapes and sizes can be manufactured.
• Output voltage is customizable due to the fact that CNT (carbon nanotubes) concentration can be varied and stacking/slicing can be changed.
Paper battery Disadvantages
Following are the disadvantages of Paper Battery:
• This type of batteries can be torn easily as they have low shear strength.
• The methods (e.g. arc discharge, CVD, ablation, electrolysis) used in carbon nanotubes manufacturing are expensive and less efficient.
• They are harmful to human being when inhaled.
Paper battery Applications
Following are the applications of Paper Battery:
• It can be used in electronics for charging various devices e.g. laptop, cameras, mobile phones, calculators etc.
• It can be used in wireless devices e.g. mouse, keyboard, speakers, bluetooth headsets etc.
• It can be used in medical applications such as artificial tissues, cosmetics, glucose meters, sugar meters etc.
• It can be used in aircrafts and automobiles as hybrid car batteries, guided missiles etc.
This Paper battery tutorial is useful for beginners as well as advanced enthusiasts.
Variable capacitor Variable resistor Transformer basics and types Ohm law BJT vs FET Diac vs Triac JUGFET vs MOSFET Analog vs Digital Multimeter LED vs Laser Microphone basics and types Resistor basics Electrolytic capacitor Capacitor basics Inductor basics Transducer Thermistor Relay Reed Switch Photo Diode vs Photo Transistor Battery SCR or thyristor Op-Amp Halfwave rectifier vs Fullwave rectifier
WiMAX TERMINOLOGY GSM TERMINOLOGY LTE TERMINOLOGY SATELLITE TERMINOLOGY RF TERMINOLOGY Antenna TERMINOLOGY Avionics TERMINOLOGY DSP TERMINOLOGY Electronic TERMINOLOGY Fibre optic TERMINOLOGY GPRS TERMINOLOGY Networking TERMINOLOGY Test and Measurement TERMINOLOGY WCDMA TERMINOLOGY Wireless TERMINOLOGY WLAN TERMINOLOGY Zigbee TERMINOLOGY | <urn:uuid:b07af345-72d6-4b1f-a46b-d9623a516102> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.rfwireless-world.com/Tutorials/Paper-battery-tutorial.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030335276.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220928180732-20220928210732-00578.warc.gz | en | 0.905052 | 1,130 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Internet telepathy is a new term in the field of telepathy where internet is used as a medium to connect two brains which are not communicating in any other way. A recent success on an experiment being done between two men has given the nascent subject of Internet telepathy some verisimilitude. The question is why is internet telepathy is important to scientists? The answer is finding a better way to communicate. Exhaustive research on communication and thought exchange have shown that often knowledge is not always transmitted from one person to another because of the language constraint. Even an erudite scientist may not be a good teacher. So if there is a way that can transfer his invaluable knowledge and thought from him to his students, the barrier of language and communication skill would not be valid anymore.
Now coming to the experiment. Chantel Prat, assistant professor of psychology at University of Washington Andrea Stocco, a research assistant professor of psychology at the Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences of University of Washington has conducted this experiment with three pairs of participants. In each pair of of participants, one is the sender and the other is the receiver. The sender was hooked up to an electroencephalography machine designed to read brain activity. The sender had to play a video game in which he or she had to defend a city by firing a cannon. But he or she will not be provided any joystick to play it physically. The sender had to play it mentally.
The receiver is sitting in a separate building about a half mile away and the person was wearing a swim cap with a transcranial magnetic stimulation coil placed near that part of the brain which controls motion of limbs. They waited with their hand poised over a touchpad. It was observed that when the sender mentally calculated and fired the cannon, the electrical brain signal was transmitted via the internet to the receiving participant, who received the signal as a hand twitch that fired the cannon. The three set of experiments have found to vary in accuracy from 25 to 83 percent. A $1 million grant has been received from the W.M. Keck Foundation for this experiment. | <urn:uuid:063aa148-b516-4cf1-be53-7c4a21066874> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.techentice.com/internet-telepathy-can-actually-control-brain-someone-else/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218186895.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212946-00072-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974046 | 426 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Home & Lifestyle
Pepper Tree Plant: How to Care for Pepper Trees
Last updated: Dec 3, 2021 • 3 min read
Pepper trees are native plants in South America, although they now populate landscapes from the Andes to Australia and South Africa to Southern California. These trees can be invasive plants—and toxic—but their visual appeal and unique charm often provide a counterbalance to their more untoward qualities. | <urn:uuid:9646f51f-ae9f-447d-a627-0b99ea9b4e8c> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.masterclass.com/articles/pepper-tree | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949506.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20230330225648-20230331015648-00708.warc.gz | en | 0.898678 | 89 | 2.921875 | 3 |
It has often been falsely reported that a camera’s flashlight can blind a newborn’s eyes. … So, using a camera’s flash on babies will not cause any damage to their eyesight, let alone blind them. Whenever there is a bright light, the pupil in the eye constricts for protection.
Is flashlight harmful for baby’s eyes?
Can camera flash harm your baby’s eyes? … The pupillary reaction in newborn babies — those who are less than a month old or even preterm — is not well-developed, said Dr Singh. So, whenever there is a bright flash, the pupils don’t protect the eyes from this.
Is it bad for babies to look at bright lights?
As long as your baby can’t touch a lightbulb, it’s no problem! In fact, your baby is probably staring at the lights because his or her long-range eyesight is still developing (depending on the age, of course), and lights provide wonderful contrast between bright and dark. …
Can Flash damage eyes?
Yes, there are ways that extremely bright lights can damage someone’s eyes. However, photography flashes, at least for the vast majority of people in the vast majority of circumstances, aren’t harmful. There is something called “flash blindness,” when the retina gets too much light and you can’t see clearly.
Can a cell phone flash blind a baby?
Dr. Levenson says, “It’s clear that flash cameras don’t damage babies’ eyes. … So, we’re verifying that the “baby blinded by cell phone camera flash” story is FALSE.
Can a phone flashlight blind you?
It doesn’t really make you blind, it just exhausts all the photo-receptor dye stuff in your retina. Your body takes a certain amount of time to make more. Bright sun on white snow can use it up faster than you can make it.
How early can you tell if a baby has autism?
Although autism is hard to diagnose before 24 months, symptoms often surface between 12 and 18 months. If signs are detected by 18 months of age, intensive treatment may help to rewire the brain and reverse the symptoms.
What are the early signs of autism in a baby?
Recognizing the Signs of Autism
- Doesn’t keep eye contact or makes very little eye contact.
- Doesn’t respond to a parent’s smile or other facial expressions.
- Doesn’t look at objects or events a parent is looking at or pointing to.
- Doesn’t point to objects or events to get a parent to look at them.
9 дек. 2019 г.
Why do babies look up at the ceiling and smile?
Kohn says this is because “they are not focused on anything and their eye muscles are a bit weak.” Usually this goes away by 2 to 4 months old, and can even be a reason why your child keeps looking up at the ceiling — “weakness of their extraocular muscles, the muscles that control the movement of the eyes,” Kohn …
What happens when you shine a flashlight in your eye?
The response of the pupil is an involuntary reflex. … When the bright light of a camera flash shines directly through the pupil, it can reflect off the choroid, which supplies red blood to the retina (the light-sensitive lining at the back of your eye), and bounce right back out through the pupil.
How many lumens can damage your eyes?
ABSOLUTELY! 2 minutes is more than enough time to damage your eyes for life. 300 lumens can cause a hotspot and can burn holes even if you don’t notice.
What do blind people see?
A person with total blindness won’t be able to see anything. But a person with low vision may be able to see not only light, but colors and shapes too. However, they may have trouble reading street signs, recognizing faces, or matching colors to each other. If you have low vision, your vision may be unclear or hazy.
What happens if you use Flash on a baby?
Though the flash itself isn’t harmful, research shows that it can actually indicate whether or not your child’s eyes are properly aligned when it causes redeye. As further evidenced by my own good eyesight now, studies show that bright camera flashes in infancy will not do any permanent damage to a baby’s eyes.
Is it OK to shine a light on a pregnant belly?
4. Shine a flashlight on your tummy. By week 22, it’s possible for fetuses to perceive light and dark, so you might feel your baby-to-be react if you shine a flashlight on your stomach. Your little one could well be turning or moving away from the spotlight!
Can Iphone camera flash damage eyes?
Ultimately, yes, a camera’s flash is very safe for our eyes. This is due to three main factors: exposure, intensity, and focus. As most camera flashes last for just 1/400th of a second (although it might feel like a lot longer!), our exposure to the flash is very small. | <urn:uuid:58dff520-0873-4355-96a3-0e0df38ba2bd> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://chloetoesboutique.com/little-baby/can-a-flashlight-hurt-a-babys-eyes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038077818.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20210414125133-20210414155133-00183.warc.gz | en | 0.92118 | 1,114 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The story of the most famous protest in sports history, written by one of the men who staged it.
The Autobiography of Tommie Smith
Search the full text of this book
Tommie Smith with David Steele
Author Tommie Smith received the Arthur Ashe Courage Award at the ESPYs, 2008
Named one of two “Adult Nonfiction Honor Books” by The Black Caucus of the American Library Association (BCALA)., 2008
Nominated for an NAACP Image Award in the category “Outstanding Literary Work – Biography/Autobiography”, 2008
At the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, Tommie Smith and his teammate John Carlos came in first and third, respectively, in the 200-meter dash. As they received their medals, each man raised a black-gloved fist, creating an image that will always stand as an iconic representation of the complicated conflations of race, politics, and sports. In this, his autobiography, Smith fills out the story around that moment--how it came to be and where it led him.
Smith engagingly describes his life-long commitment to athletics, education, and human rights. He also dispels some of the myths surrounding his famous gesture of protest: contrary to legend, Smith was not a member of the Black Panthers, nor were his medals taken back by the Olympic Committee. Retelling the fear he felt in planning and carrying out his protest, the death threats against him, his difficulty in finding work, and his determination to live his values, he conveys the long, painful backlash that came with his fame, and his fate, all of which was wrapped up in his "silent gesture."
"In a season of discontent and tragedy, at a time when there was so little reason for hopefulness, Tommie Smith refused to be cowed. Risking nothing less than their futures, he and John Carlos made a statement that could not be ignored. Finally, Smith tells us his story, a story as significant as any ever told by an athlete. Silent Gesture will be invaluable to anyone who hopes to understand a turbulent time and an act of true courage."
"Smith is an important figure in the history of American sports, and deserves a forum to tell his story his way."
"[A]n important entry in the history of track and field and African American studies."
"[T]he book offers insights into Smith's athletic prowess....When he describes the physical sensations of running -- the paradoxical relaxation of muscles required to explode out of the blocks, the adrenaline that floods the body as a sprinter takes the get-set position and the stride-by-stride account of the 1968 gold medal race -- Smith's narrative surges to life. A major aim of the book is to explain the motivation behind the silent gesture, but Smith isn't interested in trenchant political analysis...Readers of ‘Silent Gesture’ will be left with a stark impression of the toll Smith paid for speaking out against racism. He views his autobiography as his last, desperate chance to pull himself out of the ‘muck and mire [he's] been stuck in since the Mexico City Olympics.’ Smith never expresses regret for having taken his controversial stand."
"Smith’s account is told in simple but eloquent fashion, tempered by a healthy dose of irony and humor. He never romanticizes his actions, but rightfully acknowledges their powerful social impact. (4 out of 5 stars)."
"[H]is experiences at the Olympics [are] described so vividly that readers will feel as if they're witnessing it unfold themselves...Smith's candid
reflections on life after Mexico City is compelling. Most striking, though,
are revelations about the stresses he endured before the 1968 race. For Smith, at 24, to have not only won the gold, but to have issued his
anything-but-silent gesture from the world's biggest stage, makes his story all the more extraordinary."
“With the help of Steele, Smith offers a well-documented and clearly written story behind the memorable 1968 Olympic moment…Extensive background information about Smith’s life before, during and after the ‘silent gesture’ provides understanding and insight about an Olympic image that will endure forever. Clearly presenting the fears, the disappointments, the triumphs, and the hopes, then and now, that the raised black fists represented in 1968, this book offers a wealth of information that will help the reader understand the deep-rooted meaning of the gesture and the impact it continues to have almost 40 years later. Recommended.”
“What is the worth of this book? I believe it to be one that accurately portrays Tommie Smith’s life and Olympic ordeal….We have waited a long time for this book. The result is worth the delay….Silent Gesture provides, by far, the most powerful punctuation mark in explaining one of the most historic of all Olympic moments.”
"Smith’s stories of his ostracized life post-1968 Olympics offer historians another opportunity to consider the multiple ways memory shapes the popular narrative.... Smith uses his book as an opportunity to tell his truth...[which is] engaging."
1: Welcome Home - 1
In the series
Sporting, edited by Amy Bass.
As an international cultural activity for athleticism, spectatorship, and global cultural exchange, sport is unmatched by any other force on earth. And yet it remains a consistently understudied dimension of history and cultural studies. Sporting, edited by Amy Bass, aims to contribute to the study of sport by publishing works by people across a range of disciplines, by professional sportswriters, and by athletes to add substance to our still emerging notion of globalization. | <urn:uuid:4f308374-8de7-459d-a889-e540d38f38a6> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/1916_reg_right.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701159654.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193919-00145-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966033 | 1,187 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Essay Topic 1
Compare and contrast the slave trade into which Gustavus Vassa is sold with the slave system he speaks of in his recollections of growing up in Africa. Highlight three major similarities or differences between the Western slave trade and the slave system common to African tribes.
Essay Topic 2
One of Vassa's masters, Mr. King, is kind to his slaves and refuses to beat or abuse them. Instead, he simply sells slaves with whom he is unhappy. Mr. King is a Quaker, and his refusal to torture his slaves is likely in keeping with his religious beliefs. Based on King's treatment of his slaves, does he deserve the title of a good slave owner? The slaves he sells are likely to be abused by their purchasers; does King bear any responsibility for their fate? In a well-developed essay, frame an argument as to whether King is an...
This section contains 857 words
(approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) | <urn:uuid:897b2435-782a-409b-b59d-403893d727f4> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://www.bookrags.com/lessonplan/the-classic-slave-narratives/essaytopics.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806438.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121223707-20171122003707-00571.warc.gz | en | 0.978119 | 205 | 3.40625 | 3 |
A planetary nebula 1400 light years distant in the constellation of Vulpecula. A “planetary nebula” has nothing to do with planets! It is the outer shell of a star in the final stages of its life. The star has exhausted the hydrogen fuel in its core, collapsed inward, and the outer layers of the star are puffed off in a sphere. We see this sphere of expanding gas as a circle. The originating star, now a small, dense star called a white dwarf, is visible at the centre of the glowing gas. | <urn:uuid:723262f6-16a8-4a35-8d93-2cc62976f15c> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://www.grenfell.mun.ca/observatory/Pages/Dumbbell.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096061.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00251-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942317 | 114 | 3.125 | 3 |
Inside Neuroscience: Tapping Into the Cannabinoid System
Despite the growing popularity of medical marijuana and its legalization in many states, the marijuana plant is not an FDA-approved treatment for any condition. The pain-relieving and anxiety-reducing properties of marijuana suggest its potential in treating conditions such as chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the side effects, like motor impairment, memory problems, psychosis, and potential for abuse, hamper its therapeutic potential.
Seeking alternative therapies, neuroscientists are beginning to tap into the brain’s cannabinoid system. Endocannabinoids are compounds produced naturally in the brain that bind to the same receptor as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. Scientists hypothesize that targeting the shared receptor might provide some of marijuana’s benefits without the negative outcomes. (The FDA has already approved cannabinoids for the treatment of two conditions: chemotherapy-induced nausea and extreme weight loss caused by AIDS.)
“This is really a very exciting time to be a neuroscience researcher in the cannabinoid field,” said Margaret Haney, a drug abuse expert at Columbia University in New York and moderator of a press conference on cannabinoids at Neuroscience 2016. “Our scientific understanding of the therapeutic potential of the marijuana plant is really in its infancy, as is our understanding of the THC-like chemicals in our brain and their potential therapeutic use.”
Synthetic Cannabinoid Reduces PTSD-Like Symptoms in Mice
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is thought to be due in part to a dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system; endocannabinoids help regulate stress, anxiety, pain, and inflammation, all of which are elevated in PTSD. Many PTSD sufferers turn to marijuana for help, but, to avoid its negative side effects, Sabrina Lisboa, of the University of São Paulo in Brazil, hoped a synthetic cannabinoid could provide similar benefits by reducing both inflammation and anxiety.
To test this, she treated mice with a synthetic cannabinoid and then exposed them to repeated social stress for six days. The stress increased anxiety and signals of inflammation in the brains of untreated mice, but stressed mice treated with the synthetic cannabinoid had levels of anxiety and inflammatory markers similar to normal, unstressed animals. The treated mice also showed decreased lingering anxious behaviors. When put back in a cage that had previously shocked them, the untreated mice continued to freeze long after shocks stopped being delivered. But the treated mice learned the cage was safe and ceased freezing.
“This research provides a better understanding of PTSD neurobiology — implicating neuroinflammation and also dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system in these PTSD-like symptoms — and also can provide alternative pharmacological treatments,” Lisboa said.
Compound Targeting Cannabinoid Receptor Alleviates Pain Symptoms in Mice
Nearly 50 million Americans suffer from chronic pain, a condition that has spurred a growing opioid epidemic. Often prescribed in attempt to treat chronic pain, opioids can become addictive and lead to overdose and death. Endocannabinoids could provide an alternative as they naturally alleviate pain by binding the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, the same receptor as THC. But drugs that increase endocannabinoids or block their breakdown interact with many systems and can cause unwanted side effects throughout the body.
Rather than flooding the system with endocannabinoids, Andrea Hohmann at Indiana University tested the potential of indirectly enhancing the binding of natural endocannabinoids to the CB1 receptor using a substance called a positive allosteric modulator (PAM). “An advantage of the positive allosteric modulator would be that we would only be boosting endocannabinoid signaling under conditions in which it’s already being released,” Hohmann said. This would prevent off-target effects elsewhere in the body.
To test the effects of the PAM on chronic pain, Hohmann injected mice with a chemotherapy agent that damages nerves and causes neuropathic pain; following the injection, mice displayed increased sensitivity to pressure and cold stimuli. Mice that were then treated with the PAM to enhance endocannabinoid binding, however, exhibited normal pain thresholds. And unlike endocannabinoid or THC treatment, the treatment did not cause motor symptoms or show potential for abuse as it lacked reward properties and did not produce dependence or tolerance.
“The [treatment] showed sustained therapeutic efficacy, meaning it remained effective in suppressing the neuropathic pain, and basically was able to reverse the pain hypersensitivity to pre-injury levels,” Hohmann said.
Indirectly Increasing Endocannabinoid Signaling Decreases Pain-Related Behaviors in Rats
Jason Clapper of Abide Therapeutics is using a similar strategy to target chronic pain. He and his colleagues at Abide created a compound that inhibits the protein monoacylglycerol lipase (MGLL), leading to an increase in the endocannabinoid 2-AG.
Using rat models of acute, chronic, and inflammatory pain, Clapper demonstrated that the MGLL inhibitor reduced pain-related behaviors, such as attending to the site of a painful stimulus, and did not cause side effects that are commonly observed with marijuana or other cannabinoids, like catalepsy (complete rigidity and lack of movement). The inhibitor could also be combined with a low dose of morphine to provide pain relief equivalent to a high dose of morphine in rats.
“We’ve demonstrated that our selective MGLL inhibitors can reduce pain-related behaviors in a diverse set of preclinical models, suggesting that there is a potential to achieve opioid-free pain relief,” Clapper said. Abide Therapeutics is now investigating a selective MGLL inhibitor in humans and testing how it alters the brain’s response to pain observed by fMRI.
Cannabidiol Reduces Alcohol Intake in Mice
In addition to THC, another cannabinoid found in marijuana is cannabidiol (CBD). CBD has been shown to have anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antipsychotic properties, prompting Maria García-Gutiérrez of Miguel Hernández University in Spain to suspect it may have potential for helping treat alcohol-use disorders. Alcohol causes approximately 2.5 million deaths worldwide each year, but therapies for alcohol-use disorders are ineffective; 70 percent of patients relapse within a year.
García-Gutiérrez selected mice with a high preference for ethanol and treated them with either CBD or a control. Preference for ethanol over water dropped in the CBD-treated mice, but not in the controls. García-Gutiérrez also tested CBD in a new formulation that provides continuous controlled release for two weeks. In this part of the study, mice had to press a lever to receive ethanol; after seven days, mice given CBD pressed the lever less than control-treated mice, suggesting they were less motivated to drink. Another set of mice were exposed to ethanol and then given five days without ethanol. After the break from ethanol, mice treated with CBD consumed less ethanol than control mice, indicating CBD reduced relapse behaviors.
“One administration of cannabidiol was able to reduce the motivation for ethanol during 14 days and also was able to reduce the ethanol intake,” García-Gutiérrez said. “Taken together, these results point to cannabidiol as a promising new drug for the treatment of alcohol-use disorders.”
The cannabinoid system may hold the potential to treat a number of disorders, and neuroscientists are just scratching the surface.
“People are looking at the ways to raise the body’s own THC-like chemical, which doesn’t have the same abuse-related consequences that THC administration does,” Haney said. “We’re very familiar with the effects of THC, but what’s exciting is all these other compounds, and we’re just starting to really learn about them.” | <urn:uuid:9bac54b1-1b33-4163-abcf-e51197851aaf> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://www.sfn.org/publications/neuroscience-quarterly/summer-2017/inside-neuroscience | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401578485.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20200927183616-20200927213616-00118.warc.gz | en | 0.940199 | 1,647 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Relating to the cutting edge of an anterior tooth (incisor or canine). The incisal edge is the biting edge of an incisor or canine. The incisal angle is the angle between the incisal edge and the mesial or distal surface of an anterior tooth. The incisal guide table forms the base for the incisal guide pin on an articulator. Incisal guidance is the influence on mandibular movements caused by the contacting surfaces of the mandibular and maxillary anterior teeth during masticatory movements (eccentric excursions from centric occlusion). | <urn:uuid:cd3479c0-a3e7-4969-8db8-bc57f821adca> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100000291 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218193284.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212953-00409-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.780566 | 121 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Feeding your cat a nutritious diet is essential for keeping him happy and healthy. Since many of the important nutrients your cat needs is found in canned food, always consult a veterinarian before weaning him completely off of soft food.
Cats have sensitive digestive systems that make transitions between foods challenging. Weaning a cat off of soft food is a process that must be carried out gradually to avoid intestinal and digestive problems.
Introduce your cat to dry food by crushing it into crumbs and sprinkling it over the soft food for several feedings. When you are ready to begin the transition, give your cat 75 percent soft food mixed with 25 percent dry food for the first three days.
Increase the amount of dry food and decrease the amount of soft food given every three days until you are feeding your cat only dry food. For example, give your cat 50 percent soft food mixed with 50 percent dry food for days 4 through 6. On the seventh day, increase the amount of dry food so that the ratio is 75 percent dry and 25 percent soft.
On the 10th day, feed your cat 100 percent dry food.
Items you will need
- Soft cat food
- Dry cat food
- For cats that require more gradual transitions, begin with a 5 percent dry food mixture and increase by 5 percent every three days.
- Since bacteria can quickly develop on dry food when it is wet, discard any uneaten portions of the mixed food after each feeding.
- Monitor your cat closely during the transition to watch for vomiting or changes in stool. If you notice vomiting or soft stool, slow down the transition process to avoid digestive problems.
- Dry cat food has lower water content than canned food, which can lead to dehydration, renal failure or urinary tract infections.
- Dry cat food has a higher carbohydrate content than canned food, which can lead to feline obesity and other medical problems.
- Cat's food image by Alexey Stiop from Fotolia.com | <urn:uuid:b32093d9-ebeb-47f0-9a29-1ca6e0e72961> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://pets.thenest.com/wean-cat-off-soft-food-3788.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156418.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20180920062055-20180920082055-00495.warc.gz | en | 0.935993 | 403 | 2.609375 | 3 |
This is an unfinished thought. Conversation is encouraged.
Kahneman was one of the first to identify cognitive bias in our thinking, and this book describes a metaphor for two systems of thinking; System 1 (fast, intuitive, prone to bias) and System 2 (slow, methodical, conscious) working together to influence our interaction with the world.
System 1 is generally to do with emotion and feeling, but it also deals with facts if those facts have a strong belief behind them (for example, 2+2=4; Paris is the capital of France).
I have often coached people to use strong metaphors to express their ideas, and reading the early chapters of this book, I think part of the reason that I do this is that strong metaphors are much easier to absorb into System 1.
An engaging story is easier to absorb and express to others than a complicated description that requires conscious attention. This applies as much to code as is does to writing or speaking. | <urn:uuid:ecbf690e-a93c-48aa-93a2-2b6144aac816> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://andypalmer.com/2014/11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257648103.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322225408-20180323005408-00395.warc.gz | en | 0.967587 | 197 | 2.59375 | 3 |
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Last edited 30 Nov 2020
Sites of community importance
A site becomes a site of community importance when it has been submitted and adopted by the European Commission as a special area of conservation (SAC), but not yet designated by the government of the member state.
A site of community importance supports natural habitats and species of community interest that are listed in the Annexes of the Habitats Directive. The habitats and species are vulnerable, rare and endangered.
The sites are part of the European network and therefore the provisions of the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (the “Habitats Regulations”) apply to them. Article 4.4 of the Habitats Regulations states:
“Member States shall designate sites of Community importance as a special area of conservation as soon as possible and within six years at most, establishing priorities in the light of the importance of the sites for the maintenance or restoration, at a favourable conservation status, of a natural habitat type in Annex I or a species in Annex II and for the coherence of Natura 2000, and in the light of the threats of degradation or destruction to which those sites are exposed”.
Within six years of a site being identified as a site of community importance, it should be should designated as special area of conservation with a priority being given to the more important sites, or those facing threats.
- England: 10.
- England/Offshore: 2.
- Northern Ireland: 3.
- Scotland: 1.
- Scotland/Offshore: 2.
- UK Offshore Waters: 15.
Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki.
- Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
- Designated sites.
- National nature reserves.
- National parks.
- Natura 2000 network.
- Natural England.
- Protected species.
- Ramsar sites.
- Sites of Special Scientific Interest.
- Special Area of Conservation.
- Special Nature Conservation Order SNCO.
- Special Protection Areas.
External references
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Report examines the possibilities and limitations of localised actions. | <urn:uuid:af65b654-c525-4c76-bc92-3988b58b3b00> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Sites_of_community_importance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056348.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20210918062845-20210918092845-00627.warc.gz | en | 0.862159 | 555 | 3.125 | 3 |
In the 1800s train travel changed everything.
Suddenly people could travel to places quicker and journey further away.
For many residents of London trains were a way for people to free and liberated.
As train travel became more accessible and affordable, stations began springing up all across East London to cope with the demands
Over the decades though technology changed, commuters began to turn their back on train travel and head for the more modern and sleek Underground.
Railway stations began to lose money and sadly fall into disrepair.
So here are the 9 abandoned East London stations that time forgot.
Beckton Railway Station
Beckton railway station opened in 1874 and closed in 1940.
The station was originally opened for freight in 1872 and originally owned by the Gas Light and Coke Company.
The station closed in 1940 because of bombing during the Blitz and never reopened to the public.
In 1970 the last freight train also passed through.
Bishopsgate Railway Station
Bishopsgate railway station originally opened as Shoreditch station on July 1, 1840 but was renamed as Bishopsgate in 1846.
It was believed that this would attract more commuters from the City.
The station closed in 1875 to commuters, but was still used for freight until 1964 when a fire ripped through the structure.
Two customs officials sadly died and 100s of waggons were destroyed as firefighters battled the huge blaze.
Bow Railway Station
Bow railway station opened in 1850 and lasted for 96 years before closing in 1944.
The station was located on what would now be the north side of Bow Road.
In 1870 the station was refurbished to include a magnificent concert hall much to the delight of those that visited.
As with so many London stations bombing during the war caused its early demise.
However, it was not until the construction of the Docklands Light Railway that the station building was finally demolished.
Bow Road Railway Station
Bow Road station opened on October 1, 1876 and was totally separate to Bow railway station.
In 1892 the station was moved to site three miles down track from Fenchurch Street.
In 1941 it was closed due to the war and reopened in 1946.
Sadly the station only lasted three more years, finally closing on November 7, 1949.
Burdett Road Railway Station
The station took its name from where it stood on Burdett Road in Bow Common and opened on September 11, 1871.
In 1902 Mile End Tube Station opened which put increasing financial pressure on Burdett Road.
After surviving bomb damage in 1940 the station continued to be operational until 1941 when it finally succumbed to the blitz.
Old Ford/Coborn Road Railway Station
In 1865 the station opened as Old Ford but in 1979 it was renamed Coborn Road station.
Curiously on December 2, 1883 the station was moved slightly west and changed its name back to Old Ford.
The station was temporarily closed between 1916 and 1919 because of the First World War.
Underground stations nearby eventually absorbed all the customers in the area and the station closed in 1946.
Dalston Junction Railway Station
Many people will know Dalston Station as a stop currently on the overground but its history goes way back.
The station, in its original form, opened on November 1, 1865 and had three platforms serving commuters.
The line ran to Broad Street which was a station in the City by Liverpool Street station.
On June 27, 1986 both Broad Street and Dalston Junction closed.
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To receive one message a day with the main headlines, as well as breaking news alerts, send one of the following to 07900 342671 on WhatsApp, depending on where you want to receive news from:
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Mildmay Park Railway Station
Mildmay Park railway station opened in January 1, 1880 and closed in 1934.
On one side of Mildmay Park was Canonbury station and on the other was Dalston Juntion.
Poplar Railway Station
Poplar station was opened on July 6, 1840 on the west side of Brunswick Street but was moved in 1845 to the east side.
During its time there was actually another station called Poplar on a different line, so to save confusion the other station was known as Poplar East India Road.
Poplar was forced to close in May 1926 due to changing routes and services in the area. | <urn:uuid:2a7a904c-8e8b-4d8a-8d2d-66c31accb8b0> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://www.mylondon.news/news/west-london-news/9-incredible-photos-abandoned-east-16540575 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107900200.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20201028162226-20201028192226-00484.warc.gz | en | 0.982114 | 1,028 | 2.546875 | 3 |
As scientists learn more about the genetic roots of our behavior, there's a tendency to believe a kid's destiny is written in his genes. But parents, take heart: A recent study suggest that by maintaining an involved and supportive presence in their kids' lives, parents can curb adolescent drug use-even among those kids with a genetic predisposition for it.
In the study, published in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, researchers from the University of Georgia surveyed 298 African-American families from rural Georgia once a year for four years, interviewing one 11-year-old child and one parent within each family. After being assured that their responses would remain confidential, the youth answered questions on a computer about their past year's substance use, while the parent provided details of their parenting practices. The researchers also analyzed a sample of the youth's saliva, looking for a gene known as 5-HTTLPR, associated with higher rates of substance abuse in adults. The gene is also associated with lower self-control and more severe reactions (including symptoms of depression) to adversity among adolescents-behaviors that also tend to lead to higher substance abuse.
The results of the study showed that parents who more frequently practiced what the researchers call "involved-supportive parenting," meaning that they gave their kids more emotional support, were more involved in their child's life, and communicated better with them, had kids who were less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, even when those kids' genes put them at greater genetic risk. Compared with those who received involved-supportive parenting, children with the gene who didn't receive this kind of parenting showed a threefold increase in their substance use across adolescence.
Past studies from the same researchers have shown that involved-supportive parenting also improves children's ability to control their behavior, boosts their academic performance, and improves their ability to get along with others
The authors say this line of research suggests that such a parenting style might help develop an adolescent's ability to monitor and adapt their emotions and behaviors to different situations, especially situations in which they might be tempted to use drugs or alcohol.
Greater Good wants to know:
Do you think this article will influence your opinions or behavior? | <urn:uuid:af380c5f-a896-4f8a-83f0-5322da75b987> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/parenting_against_genetic_risk | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541907.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00469-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977659 | 446 | 2.890625 | 3 |
One of the most reliable ways to fill the Health/Science section of the local newspaper is to report on research that finds a link between some specific activity and a longer life span. While it’s mildly interesting to point to a correlation between regular exercise and better overall mental and physical health, if you really want to get people’s attention, tell them they can live three years longer if they ride a unicycle to work on Fridays.
Of course, this applies to research on the health outcomes of running. Runners and non-runners alike want to know whether running helps people live longer. Runners, it must be said, have a rather unpleasant habit of gloating whenever a new study suggests that running extends longevity. “Hey, isn’t it great? We get to live longer than you!” As for non-runners, they pay attention to these studies as a way of assessing whether the benefit is great enough to be worth the bother, or whether it’s just a variation on that old joke: does exercise make you live longer? No, it only seems longer.
As for me, I almost always find something to dislike in these stories, even if the underlying research is sound. First and foremost, correlation doesn’t imply causation, so even if a study finds that people who run live longer on average than people who don’t, that doesn’t mean that running, per se, was responsible for the longer lives. Maybe the people who likely to run share some other habit or trait that makes all the difference.
Another thing that bothers me is that in these studies, running is almost always viewed as a means to an end (longer life), and rarely if ever as an end in itself that adds to the quality of life. The value of increased longevity depends on what you’re doing with those extra years.
Anyway, I was reminded of all this on Wednesday when I saw a post by Gretchen Reynolds on the New York Times “Well” blog (Running Just 5 Minutes a Day Has Long-Lasting Benefits). Reynolds was reporting on a recent study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology that looked through data from the Cooper Institute and found a correlation between running as little as five minutes a day and longer life expectancy.
Reynolds summarizes the study thusly:
“Running for as little as five minutes a day could significantly lower a person’s risk of dying prematurely, according to a large-scale new study of exercise and mortality. The findings suggest that the benefits of even small amounts of vigorous exercise may be much greater than experts had assumed.”
I immediately had two questions about this research:
- What mechanism is proposed that could be activated by such a small amount of exercise and have such a profound effect?
- Who the heck runs for five minutes a day?
The first question tries to take the next step in understanding whether it’s the running (or similar vigorous exercise) that’s really responsible for the observed effect. The study doesn’t prove that. It only observes a correlation.
The second question is more vexing: why does anyone in their right mind go to the trouble of heading out the door for a run, suffer through the painful process of limbering up, and then almost immediately stop. Who are these coffee break warriors? Even supposing they exist, don’t they get fitter over time and graduate to 10 minutes a day? I mean, I just can’t picture anyone taking the time to put on shorts and running shoes, find and strap on their GPS watch, grab their iPod and set it to play the Bon Jovi mix, stretch for a few minutes, head out the door, and then be back in less time than it takes to make a sandwich.
I suppose 5 minutes a day could be an average, and the people included in that category actually ran 35 minutes once a week, or acquired the 35 minutes in a couple of runs. I can picture that. But running an average of 35 minutes a week and running 5 minutes a day are NOT equivalent, so at a minimum the title of the story is misleading.
It all brings me back to my long-standing complaint about seeing running as merely a means to some desired benefit. Running is (or should be) its own benefit. You get to run! Out there, in the actual world! For goodness’ sake, don’t stop after five minutes — keep going!
And as for me personally, I’d like to think that I value running more highly than as some kind of voucher that can be redeemed for bonus extra time when I’m 78. In fact, I like to think that if I were presented with the choice straight up, I’d give a few years for the guarantee that I’d be able to run comfortably for the rest of my attenuated life.
I’d consider it a bargain. | <urn:uuid:ccc24619-439e-4a4f-9beb-fc3b18f8ab7d> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://therunnereclectic.com/2014/08/01/five-minutes-a-day/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540482038.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20191205190939-20191205214939-00041.warc.gz | en | 0.966207 | 1,029 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Fuel consumption monitoring is one of the most important functions of a fleet management system. Reducing the operational costs can easily be achieved by reducing the vehicle’s fuel consumption.
In this section you can understand the difference between fuel level monitoring and fuel consumption monitoring reported by the engine. You can also find definitions for regularly used abbreviations and phrases.
Signal defined by FMS Standard 1.0. This is an indicator of the current level of the fuel tank. Because of the generally low precision of the sensors used by most of vehicle manufacturers it is not recommended to use solely this signal to monitor fuel consumption. It is recommended to use fuel level together with TFU or High Resolution Fuel Consumption for a precise fuel usage monitoring.
Stands for Total Fuel Used. It is a signal defined by the FMS Standard 1.0, meaning the cumulative amount of fuel burnt by the engine during its lifetime (since starting the engine).
High resolution fuel consumption
Signal defined by FMS Standard 2.0. This values is similar to TFU but in a much higher (more precise) resolution.
A power take-off or power transmission output (PTO) is a method for taking power to external devices from a running internal combustion engine. Usually it is used for driving an external mechanical device (adapter) via a mechanical shaft or in most of the cases via hydraulics. In the latter case the engine drives a hydraulic pump that provides hydraulic energy to the attached equipment (adapter) or a separate machine. | <urn:uuid:bed2da05-4163-46c8-9c09-d0724166ff91> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://fmsgateway.com/glossary/fuel-consumption-monitoring | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156857.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20180921053049-20180921073449-00227.warc.gz | en | 0.930825 | 309 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Composites and Fastening Challenges
Each day manufacturers face fastening challenges. Some of those challenges that have been increasingly present are those surrounding composite materials. As composite materials grow both in range and volume of applications, so do the challenges to find the right fastening solutions.
To understand what problems arise in these types of situations, we must first examine composites. Composites are materials engineered from two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties. Composites are made up of two components: the matrix and reinforcement. Examples of matrices are resins, ceramics, polymers or cements. Reinforcements are typically fibers, sandwich cores or aggregate. The matrix material surrounds and supports the reinforcement material and the reinforcement material imparts its special mechanical and physical properties to enhance the matrix properties.
Composite materials are formed into a shape during their manufacturing process, typically in a mold cavity or on a mold surface. During this process, the synergy created between the two materials results in a composite material with properties that cannot be achieved when using either material alone.
The ability to combine different constituent materials to create superior new composite materials allows engineers to target improvements in cost, weight, strength and handling as their product applications and manufacturing processes demand.
Growth of Composite Use
Over time, composites and plastics have started to replace traditional materials such as wood and metal. Modern composite materials are lighter, stronger, versatile and more mechanically stable than traditional materials in many cases. The debate between lighter composite materials and traditional heavier metals in the automotive industry is still ongoing. More than ever, major car makers are introducing carbon fiber into their luxury models and many are examining the ways to replace structural elements traditionally made in heavier metal.
Fastening Challenges of Composites
The expansion of lightweight composite materials presents challenges as well as opportunities. One of the key challenges is how to securely fasten to such materials. Traditional fastening systems designed for sheet metal such as rivets, bolts and clinched fixings designed for metal are often incompatible with composites or require too many compromises to work. Design and process engineers often run into the problem of being limited by fastening solutions when working with composite materials.
To learn more about composites, contact Bossard at [email protected].
Composites and Fastening Challenges by Bossard | <urn:uuid:8b601e52-d56a-45fb-9a05-5be5f11fea3a> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://provenproductivity.com/composites-fastening-challenges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806421.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121170156-20171121190156-00085.warc.gz | en | 0.93148 | 475 | 3.09375 | 3 |
At Beagle Freedom Project, we are often asked the same question by elected officials, members of the media, and the general public: “Why is it that beagles are the breed of dog that make up the vast majority of the dogs used in laboratories, worldwide?” We consulted scientific and industry journals and quickly learned that beagles are a preferred breed because of their “good behavioral characteristics, size, and other physical traits”[i] as well as their “docile temperament.”[ii] In other words, the very same characteristics that make beagles wonderful companion animals and beloved members of the family make them vulnerable victims for laboratory experiments. But we wanted to dig a little deeper than this. There are plenty of dogs that have gentle dispositions, so how was it, precisely, that beagles became the breed of choice for animal experimenters?
The first institution, anywhere in the world, that intentionally made the decision to experiment on beagles, specifically, was the University of Utah. The first eight beagles were purchased by the University of Utah on April 3, 1951, from Mr. A Clyde Clark, a dog breeder in Weston, West Virginia who was affiliated with the “West Fork Beagle Club.” Several more beagles were procured from various backyard breeders in the Salt Lake City area. By March 1, 1952, the University had acquired a total of 61 beagles for breeding, and the breeding program started immediately. Dogs were bred after their first estrus, and laboratory personnel performed cesarean sections on the beagles the moment the in utero puppies were viable. This allowed the mothers to be quickly re-impregnated “in order to obtain a maximal yield of puppies.”
By June 1953, the colony had already grown to 175 beagles. By 1955, there were 309 beagles in a space designed for no more than 200 dogs. Laboratory personnel described the conditions as “seriously overcrowded.” To contain costs, the dogs were fed horse meat. By 1960, more than 671 beagle puppies had been bred for use in the University of Utah’s deadly radioactive toxicity experiments. All 671 were bred from just 32 breeding pairs.
The dogs at the University of Utah were being used in Atomic Energy Commission-funded tests, known as “The Beagle Project.” All of the beagles were injected with plutonium, a highly toxic radionuclide. Some of the dogs were injected with highly toxic doses, and they were all allowed to suffer the painful effects of radiation poisoning without any anesthesia. Bone tumors, gross skeletal disfigurations, tooth loss, and “spontaneous” fractures were some of the most frequent harmful effects seen in the high-dose dogs. The beagles who received the highest dose of radium had an average of more than 20 fractures per dog (compared with zero fractures in the control groups.) The fractures could occur just about anywhere in the dogs’ bodies. Fractures of the jaw, cheek, ribs, legs, or spine were all observed. Because the experimenters were most keenly interested in knowing how exposure to radioactive substances affected lifespan, dogs who were suffering severely were not even given the mercy of euthanasia.
The University of Utah sought media attention soon after the establishment of the beagle colony. In 1952, The Salt Lake Tribune ran a favorable story titled “The Hounds of Beagleville.”
In April 1956, the university scored its first major national media exposure when the magazine Mechanix Illustrated ran a feature about the laboratory titled “These Dogs Are Really ‘Hot.’” The magazine contained the statement “[d]og lovers need not fret – tests are painless; no dogs have died,” which was incorrect, as several dogs had already died, and many more dogs were clearly dying.
These types of experiments quickly spread, with University of California-Davis, Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory in Washington state, the Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute in New Mexico, and Colorado State University all picking up Atomic Energy Commission contracts to experiment on beagles.
After adjusting for inflation, more than $1 billion of funding was funneled into this research, and more than 7,000 beagles were killed in hideously painful and deadly experiments where they were injected with or forced to inhale radioactive substances.
Despite its failure to provide meaningful data for human health, this decades-long Cold War project did leave a lasting legacy. The Radioactive Beagles represented the first time that beagles were singled out as a means to acquire data rather than a companion with whom to share affection. The decision spurned the growth of an enormous industry. In 1952, there were no commercial beagle breeding facilities in existence that catered to the research industry.
By 1970, the year a “how-to” scientific compendium titled The Beagle as an Experimental Dog was published, there were at least 56 commercial beagle breeding facilities, marketing their dogs specifically to the research industry. The increased supply capabilities meant that tens of thousands of beagles could be produced and killed each year at an enormous profit, all out of public view.
We still live in the shadow of the Radioactive Beagles. Nearly 60,000 dogs are used in research, testing, and education in the United States each year, and the vast majority of these dogs are beagles. Beagle Freedom Project tries to rescue as many of these survivors as we can and raise awareness about the sad life that awaits these dogs in the laboratory.
[i] Selection, Acclimation, Training, and Preparation of Dogs for the Research Setting
[ii] Characterization of the oculocardiac reflex during compression of the globe in Beagle dogs and rabbits
All Image Source: Beagle Freedom Project | <urn:uuid:562e523e-397e-47e3-8244-75eced2c8eac> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://www.onegreenplanet.org/animalsandnature/nuclear-history-of-lab-beagles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583515555.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20181022222133-20181023003633-00168.warc.gz | en | 0.973931 | 1,207 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Joshua 8 071923
Today we will be starting and finishing the 8th Chapter in the Book of Joshua.
We are going to see Joshua lead the Israelites to victory over Ai, which previously whooped up on Israel and led to 36 Israelite casualties.
Israel's previous victory over Jericho was a miraculous victory in which the Lord used supernatural means to cause the walls of Jericho to fall. The battle with Ai, however, would be different. The Lord would create a brilliant military strategy to direct Joshua to lead the Israelites to victory through a coordinated ambush.
After the victory, Joshia will lead the Israelites to Mt Gerizim and Mt Ebal where they will offer sacrifices and have a worship service which included the blessings and curses that Moses previously spoke about.
Some of the topics we will discuss through tonight's study include:
How the Lord prepares us for victory through previous experiences and trials.
The importance of trusting and obeying the Lord at all times.
The importance of praising the Lord for our victories.
How through Christ we have the perfect and perpetual atonement for our sins. | <urn:uuid:cefafe2d-62da-4e63-a6e8-fdf56c0e86a5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://ccgoochland.org/media/3xbd44f/joshua-8-071923 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206031946-20231206061946-00499.warc.gz | en | 0.952951 | 227 | 2.75 | 3 |
Poultry farmers in Saskatchewan — particularly ones with small flocks — are being encouraged to keep their birds indoors after agriculture officials say a highly pathogenic type of bird flu was detected in a goose.
The province says in a news release that the Canadian Food Inspection Agency confirmed the H5 strain of avian influenza was detected in a wild snow goose that was found near Elrose, a community about 250 km northwest of Regina.
The news release says small flocks are considered high-risk for highly pathogenic avian influenza because they are commonly allowed access to outdoor pens or are free-range.
It says that means there’s a high probability of contact with wild birds or areas visited by wild birds that may be contaminated with the virus.
Saskatchewan’s agriculture ministry says the last time highly pathogenic avian influenza was found in the province in either commercial poultry or wild birds was in 2007.
Small flock owners are encouraged to confine their birds indoors if at all possible during this high-risk period of wild bird migration, the ministry says.
“Typically, strains of avian flu do not cause obvious signs of disease in wild birds. However, this H5 strain has resulted in deaths in some species of wild birds, including snow geese and Canada geese, as well as some raptors,” the ministry’s news release states.
The CFIA says avian influenza is not a significant public health concern for healthy people who are not in regular contact with infected birds.
The agency announced late last week that bird flu was also found in Alberta poultry flocks and that there were some new cases in Ontario.
It said Sunday that it had also been confirmed in two additional Alberta poultry flocks in Painteart County and Kneehill County.
Bird flu cases in poultry and non-poultry flocks have previously been reported in recent months in Ontario, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador.
—The Canadian Press | <urn:uuid:0070c1d9-7154-4fb6-8bd3-7e3a1202a2ce> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.summerlandreview.com/news/poultry-farmers-asked-to-keep-birds-indoors-after-avian-flu-reported-in-saskatchewan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949701.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401063607-20230401093607-00032.warc.gz | en | 0.972388 | 402 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Edited By: DB Subba Rao
464 pages, Figs, tabs
This book written by leading scientists from 12 countries, brings together in one volume a wealth of latest methods and information appropriate for pelagic ecology studies. These proven quantitative techniques will be useful to advanced researchers interested in understanding the structure and functioning of the pelagic ecosystem as well as in specialized studies such as monitoring the environment, response and recovery of environment to pertubations, impacts of pollution, and understanding the origin, progression and evolution of benign and harmful algal blooms.
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Wildlife, science and conservation since 1985 | <urn:uuid:f1857fef-d55c-4088-a892-8f87119c90f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nhbs.com/title/127159?title=pelagic-ecology-methodology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00399-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916267 | 190 | 2.5625 | 3 |
AGVs offer significant benefits for commercial and industrial applications
With the terms Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) now concrete realities, robotic automation has evolved past its humble origins. Autonomous guided vehicles (AGVs) are an innovative class of products helping streamline the industrial automation process. AGVs can be ideal for applications such as warehouse storage and retrieval, manufacturing, product assembly and material handling. They offer benefits like reduced human personnel costs, decreased risk of injuries and increased efficiency.
Arthur “Mac” Barret is credited with producing the first AGV in 1953, when he developed a towing tractor pulling a trailer around a grocery store via an overhead wire.(1) AGVs have come a long way since that original system Barrett called a driverless vehicle. During the 1970s, car manufacturer Volvo built a more efficient assembly system using AGVs rather than the more conventional conveyor line. This was so successful that Volvo actually started selling their AGVs to other auto manufacturers.
Early AGVs used fairly simple methods of navigation. Today’s AGVs are much more advanced and flexible than ever before. Laser- and camera-guided navigation is often used for modern AGVs,(2) which are becoming increasingly popular in a relatively short period of time. Some estimates indicate that certain large retailers have increased their use of AGVs by as much as 1,500% in just a few years.(3) That’s a tremendous increase – and it seems likely that this number will only continue growing as more companies increase their automation processes.
Many other companies are riding this rising tide of industrial automation, developing AGVs well-suited for their applications. One important consideration when designing the systems that control these AGVs is deciding which type of motor can best power them. In many cases, brushless DC motors (BLDC motors) can be an optimal choice because of the versatility, reliability and efficiency they offer.
Versatility of BLDC motors in AGV applications
Versatility is one of the biggest advantages that BLDC motors can offer in AGV applications. They can provide the ability to adapt a motor technology to form factors that are tailored to the specific needs of the customer. One example of brushless DC being a flexible motor technology is that it can turn inside out more easily than other motor technologies to better suit an application.
Nidec Motor Corporation’s Director of Engineering, William Moore, recently shared some of his thoughts on using BLDC motors in automated guided vehicle applications. “What every AGV has in common is that they have wheels. In some applications, you drive the wheel in a conventional way where the motor sits outside the wheel. When we talk about an outer rotor format, however, you can have the motor sit inside the hub of the wheel. It almost appears as if it becomes one component, with the wheel and motor resembling one part, which gives the AGV designer much more flexibility in terms of space usage.” This space savings can be an advantage for the original equipment manufacturer (OEM).
Reliability another key factor
BLDC motors can be well-suited to meet the customer’s requirements for AGV applications because of the sheer reliability they provide. As suggested by the name, brushless DC motors eliminate the need for brushes, which experience wear and tear over a brushed motor’s life. If an OEM has a long life specified for the drive, a brushed motor needs to have serviceable brushes. These come with the necessity of scheduled maintenance, which translates to downtime when the motor’s brushes have to be serviced.
Designers further need to factor in things like wear debris, something that can be detrimental in a clean environment where you don’t want to worry about the wear that’s associated with brushes. Other important considerations when designing for a clean environment are the noise and sound signature associated with brushes. They tend to carry increased sound level inherently. Going with a BLDC motor can help minimize these concerns.
BLDC motor efficiency pays dividends
Brushless DC motors offer high efficiency across a range of speeds. Brushed DC motors don’t typically operate at low speeds, making it difficult to obtain lower speed stability with them. With brushless DC motors, on the other hand, operation at low speeds is fairly simple. According to Moore, “You want to operate at a low speed with BLDC motors? No problem. You design the motor to do it, and it’s not a big deal. Or if you want to go with a really high speed and couple it with a gearbox, no problem. High speed is not going to accelerate the wear on brushes or anything like that. BLDC can be an ultra-flexible technology to deliver variable speed.”
Increased battery efficiency is another advantage provided by BLDC motors. Since BLDCs can operate with greater efficiency, they also benefit from longer battery life. This increased battery life comes both in terms of the usable life of the battery and in terms of the time between battery charging cycles. The more efficient a motor is, the more time an AGV can spend doing the work it was designed to do rather than sitting idle while being charged.
As Moore pointed out, “There’s no value to anybody for the AGV to spend time charging. That just means more AGVs you have to put out there to do the work to cover the ones that are charging. So BLDC motor efficiency tends to pay dividends. We sometimes see engineers attempt to save money up front by designing a motor with lower efficiency. What we've seen is that oftentimes it’s very hard to justify reducing costs of the motor by sacrificing efficiency in the hopes it will pay for itself in the long run. The reality is that the cost of poor efficiency can trump whatever initial costs were saved by creating a less-efficient motor.”
In Part Two of “BLDC Motors in Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGVs),” we’ll discuss more considerations such as envelope constraints, manufacturability and product testing.
(1) “Let’s remember Mac Barrett, father of the AGV.” Modern Materials Handling. https://www.mmh.com/article/lets_remember_mac_barrett_father_of_the_agv (Accessed on August 24, 2018.)
(2) “AGVs: Predictably Flexible.” Modern Materials Handling. https://www.mmh.com/article/agvs_predictably_flexible (Accessed on August 24, 2018.)
(3) “Automatic Fast Charging of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs).” AZO Materials. https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=15531 (Accessed on August 24, 2018.) | <urn:uuid:6f3ad18d-5f43-424c-b702-f6eaa2f44406> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | http://acim.nidec.com/motors/usmotors/news-and-media/driving-force-blog/august-2018-driving-force-blog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627998879.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619003600-20190619025600-00224.warc.gz | en | 0.953451 | 1,416 | 2.75 | 3 |
When it comes to healthy aging, good nutrition is the first line of defense in keeping seniors strong and independent, according to the results of a recent study about the effect of nutrition on older adults.
According to research conducted for the caregiving company Home Instead Senior Care, 62 percent of adult children caring for an older adult (with an average age of 81) reported three or more nutritional risks in their senior such as:
“We see seniors every day whose health is being impacted by such issues as multiple medications and illnesses,” said Paul Hogan, CEO of Home Instead Senior Care. “That makes nutritious and delicious meals an important tool in keeping seniors well-armed to stand firm against the ravages of aging. It’s really the first line of defense.”
The importance of nutrition to healthy aging is why Home Instead Senior Care has launched the Cooking Under Pressure nutrition campaign, which includes a handbook of nutrition tips and healthy recipes for seniors. Partnering with nutrition experts at the University of Maryland and Duke University Medical Center, the company aims to provide education and support to seniors and their family members who are sometimes stressed-out by the demands of caregiving. The Foods for Seniors Web site provides additional information, research, and resources.
Statistics indicate that seniors can use the help. According to Home Instead Senior Care research, family caregivers reported that 72 percent of seniors rely on assistance to get groceries while 57 percent of seniors rarely cook for themselves.
“Inability to shop and cook can be major challenges to eating healthy, especially among older adults who have recently been discharged from the hospital,” said Dr. Nadine Sahyoun, associate professor of Nutrition and Food Science at the University of Maryland College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, who has extensively studied the impact of issues such as dental health, social support, and depression on seniors’ diets.
Research by Dr. Sahyoun of hospital-discharged older adults who qualify for home-delivered meals showed that 80 percent of those individuals had food in their kitchens, but they were unable to shop or utilize that food for cooking.
“There are many other challenges to eating well and these include loss of appetite, memory problems, dental health, and use of certain medications,” she added.
“Without good nutrition, health can deteriorate very quickly, making seniors more susceptible to disease and infection,” Dr. Sahyoun said. “And without intervention, malnutrition can result in a downward trajectory leading to poor health and mortality.”
Social support and assistance with shopping and preparing meals for seniors are the vital ingredients needed to make a positive difference in many seniors’ lives, she noted. That can be help from a family or professional caregiver, taking part in a congregate meal program, (such as those at a senior center) or receiving Meals on Wheels. In addition, seniors and their family caregivers need to be educated in selecting food rich in nutrients.
“Older adults require less food as they age and they can’t eat as much, but their needs for vitamins and minerals don’t decrease. In some cases, they even increase,” she said.
That’s where the Home Instead Senior Care campaign can help. The Cooking Under Pressure campaign identifies 12 nutritious foods for seniors, recipes that feature those foods, as well as other resources that can help give caregivers the support they need.
“These resources really should provide family caregivers with the tools and information that will help equip their senior to stay strong and healthy,” Hogan said. “The good news is that family caregivers can head off a crisis by tuning into the early signs of trouble and knowing the foods and the habits that can help keep their loved ones healthy.”
These 10 warning signs are red flags that your senior may not be eating right: | <urn:uuid:7cfac6a2-d87d-48fd-9d38-969134849dd5> | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | https://www.homeinstead.ca/news/first-line-of-defense | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370496523.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20200330023050-20200330053050-00169.warc.gz | en | 0.961384 | 792 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Producing distortion free images the art of making metal mirrors has long been practiced in various parts of the old world. By 1400 BC, bronze containing as much as 30 weight percent in tin were used to create mirrors. Although brittle, high – tin bronzes also known as speculum metal, yielded a highly polished surface and clear reflected image.
The art of making metal mirrors by casting and polished copper-tin bronze was well understood in India and these mirrors were very popular for their clarity, Indeed, the ancient art of making metal mirrors is still practiced without modification, by a few family-based artisans in Aranmula, a small village in southern India. As traditional as the mirror making technology is the artisan’s belief that the composition of the metal-mirror is divine and that some undisclosed metal alloy with the copper and tin are responsible for the distortion free images.
Keep under room temperature away from heat and dust. Do not touch by fingers on the reflective surface. Finger prints with moisture should be cleaned off immediately preventing corrosion.
Sprinkle red oxide powder, blue or talcum powder on the mirror and hold it in a slant position allowing the dust and other particles rolled off from the reflective surface. Use cotton wool and rub the surface very softly and smoothly in vertical direction. In case of any fungus formation just uses few drops of edible oil on the affected portion with the fingers and rubs it for one or two minutes and then cleans it as mentioned above. The red oxide process of cleaning can be repeated continuously five times or until you get the original reflection.
Do not use any other metal polish on the mirror.
Frame Polishing: On the frame use any metal polish (Only on the frame) | <urn:uuid:4419e444-3e94-4f16-adac-0550111c4d1e> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | http://aranmulaikannadi.com/how-to-make.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400201601.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20200921081428-20200921111428-00703.warc.gz | en | 0.952739 | 349 | 2.71875 | 3 |
A walk into the past, around the precinct of Eynsham Abbey. It was created in 2002 to mark the bounds of the former precinct, with carved stone from the abbey built into the engraved ‘stations’.
By following the trail along the footpaths around the boundary of the Abbey precinct, you will retrace the steps of the mediaeval monks. Cairns and further information boards on the way will tell some of the story of the Abbey, the monks' lives and the influence of the Abbey on Eynsham. Each of the cairns is built with stones from the Abbey buildings. The trail will take you past the farm, the fishponds, the gardens and the pastures which surrounded the central core of the Abbey.
Some of our knowledge of the Abbey and what was here before comes from surviving documents and some from recent archaeological excavations in the churchyard. These excavations, in the yard of St Peter's Roman Catholic church, revealed part of the cloister, the kitchens and other domestic buildings of the Abbey.
A huge quantity of finds were recovered, including pottery, roof and floor tiles, and bones from cattle, sheep and pigs. Remains of more than 30 different buildings were traced, the earliest dating from the Bronze age ...
The excavations were first reported in Eynsham Record 10, 1993 pages 5-17.
Creation of the Heritage Trail was funded by Abbey Properties; Eynsham History Group; Eynsham Parish Council; Harry Lange; Heritage Lottery Fund; West Oxfordshire District Council. | <urn:uuid:65c2252d-f081-46a1-9078-26142c77394c> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://eynsham-pc.gov.uk/org-news.aspx?nid=330 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027316783.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20190822042502-20190822064502-00153.warc.gz | en | 0.966931 | 327 | 3.046875 | 3 |
John Douglas was born - On this day in history
John Douglas, the Scottish bishop and scholar was born on 14 July 1721 in Pittenweem. Douglas was the son of a merchant and was educated in Dunbar, attaining a MA degree at Balliol College, Oxford at the age of 23. He embarked upon a career in the church and as chaplain to the 3rd Regiment of Foot Guards, was present at the Battle of Fontenoy in 1745.
Despite attaining high status within the church - he held the offices of Bishop of Carlisle, Dean of Windsor and Bishop of Salisbury - he was fundamentally unsuited to religious life, taking luxurious summer breaks at fashionable resorts and spending the winter months in London, where he involved himself in heated and often controversial literary arguments with writers and commentators of the day. | <urn:uuid:f0855dea-34a8-4500-bc4c-9dd9552b9c9f> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | https://www.historyscotland.com/articles/on-this-day-in-history/john-douglas-was-born-on-this-day-in-history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125938462.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20180420135859-20180420155859-00094.warc.gz | en | 0.987133 | 169 | 2.921875 | 3 |
‘Deep-sea fishes’ conjures up thoughts of species with enormous fang-like teeth, rows of coloured lights and peculiar structures like fishing rods tipped with glowing lures. However, these are really the twilight dwellers inhabiting waters well above the bottom, depths to little more than a mere 1000 metres or so. Their evolution has been driven by the necessity of acquiring a meal in a food poor environment and at the same time avoiding becoming one for a fellow midwater traveller. Many living at these depths are daily migrators moving upwards at night under the cover of darkness to near surface waters where food abounds and once again back to the dimly lit depths below during the day to escape being seen.
The true abyss is many thousands of metres farther down where animals and their meals are generally far less distinctive, though similarly few and far between. Here the food pyramid is based on the bodies of animals, tiny to whale-sized, that have died in waters above and have slowly drifted to the abyssal floor. There, life’s energy is recycled by boneless scavengers that in turn provide meals for lethargic predators, conserving their energy as they go about a constant routine of acquiring what is needed in a timeless, lightless world.
The vast majority of fishes living at abyssal depths have come from ancestors that arose early in the evolution of living fish lines, so that the more recently evolved bony fishes we are familiar with in shallow inshore waters do not feature. Instead, we find primitive eels and eel-like relatives, such as the spineback and prickleback eels with a row of unconnected spines along the back and small rabbit-like mouth, elongate cod-like cusk eels and their live bearing relatives the brotulas, and the ubiquitous rattails and whiptails that populate near-bottom areas throughout the oceans’ greater depths.
Although many have a rather boring generalised form, some abyssal species have acquired more striking modifications that allow them to do it better. Among the most iconic are the descendants of shallow water lizardfish-like ancestors, the tripod fishes that prop themselves above the bottom on extended rays of their paired pelvic fins and tail. Positioning themselves in slow moving bottom currents they direct their head toward the oncoming water with jaws agape to filter suspended food particles with comb-like gill rakers, which function like the baleen of much shallower feeding whales at the other end of the size spectrum.
Without the need of searching for a meal, tripod fishes no longer require visual acuity in this lightless environment as evidenced by their tiny degenerate eyes. Danger is detected rather by extended pectoral fin rays held away from the sides like the spokes of an umbrella constantly sensing for swimming vibrations emanating from an approaching predator. The detection system compliments their well-developed lateral line designed to do the same.
Closely related is the oddly named 'Grideye Spiderfish' having fins of a normal size but with a pair of large, greenish yellow oval plates on the upper surface of the head replacing eyes. The function of these plates is still to be fully understood. The plates are known to be light sensitive, but lack the internal structures needed to form a detailed image. As for many other inhabitants of the abyss, there is still much to be learned about these fishes. | <urn:uuid:1fd5de54-e4cc-4e66-8de7-588d794ee417> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://www.nespmarine.edu.au/tripod-fishes-find-dinner-fins-and-rays-not-eyes-and-teeth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687711.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921082205-20170921102205-00615.warc.gz | en | 0.951509 | 688 | 3.09375 | 3 |
At 2 pm Wellington’s position on the ridge was in danger of being rolled-up. The advance of D’Erlon’s Corps had broken the brigades of his first line, east of La Haye Sainte; and the men of Picton’s Division in the second line found themselves hard pressed, their commander shot dead in the furious fighting. As the situation grew desperate, Wellington turned to his cavalry commander, Lord Uxbridge.
Lord Henry Paget, the Earl of Uxbridge, now ordered his two reserve brigades of heavy cavalry to charge d’Erlon’s approaching infantry.
Uxbridge had two superbly mounted and equipped brigades of heavy (shock) cavalry to throw against the advancing French. The 1st Brigade, also known as the Household Brigade, representing the British monarch’s personal mounted guard regiments, was composed of the 1st and 2nd Life Guards, the Royal Horse Guards (the Blues), and the 1st (King’s) Dragoon Guards. These were the senior cavalry regiments in the British Army. The 2nd Brigade was known as the Union Brigade, as it was composed of a regiment from each of the three parts of the United Kingdom: England, Scotland, and Ireland. These were the 1st Royal Dragoons, the 2nd Dragoons (‘Scots Greys’); and the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons.
Whereas decades of warfare had decimated the horse population on the continent, the British cavalry had been very little used in their campaign against Napoleon in Spain. Thus British cavalry rode perhaps the finest horses in Europe at this time. The British cavalry also possessed terrific individual weapon’s skills, swordsmanship the equal of any. However, in contrast to the veteran British infantry, they were largely inexperienced and possessed of an over-abundance of aristocratic arrogance. While acknowledging their virtues, Wellington had little confidence in their ability to rally after a charge, or to maneuver to any advantage. The Duke expressed his misgivings prior to the battle:
“Our officers of cavalry have acquired a trick of galloping at everything. They never consider the situation, never think of maneuvering before an enemy, and never keep back or provide a reserve… I consider our (British) cavalry so inferior to the French from want of order, that although I consider one squadron a match for two French, I didn’t like to see four British opposed to four French, for as the numbers increased and order became more necessary I was the more unwilling to risk our men without having a superiority in numbers.”
In massed formation the British cavalry were a one trick pony: capable of delivering only one all-out-devil-may-care charge, and little else. However, with the masses of blue and red shakos of d’Erlon’s fusiliers cresting the ridge, it was perhaps just the trick that was needed!
The Napoleonic battlefield was much like a game of “rock-paper-scissors”. Whereas in that childhood game “rock” beats “scissors”, “scissors” beats “paper”, and “paper” in turn beats “rock”; on the Napoleonic battlefield the fire of infantry in line-formation decimated square, square was necessary to foil cavalry charge; while cavalry charge shattered line. On a higher level artillery beat infantry, cavalry beat artillery, and infantry (at least when in square) bested cavalry.
When charged by cavalry, musket-armed infantry had but one expedient: to halt and form square. This formation, of three or four tightly packed ranks, presented the horsemen with a hedgehog of glittering bayonet blades. The first and second rank knelt, their musket’s butt braced in the ground, their bayonets at the horse’s chest level. The third rank (and fourth if available), standing, would fire at point-blank range over the their comrade’s head.
But to go from a spread-out firing line to a tightly packed square took even the best battalions time to prepare. Perhaps only minutes, but in battle minutes can be in short supply. If unable to form square in time infantry would be run down and slaughtered by their nemesis, the galloping horsemen. This had been the fate of several British regiment two days earlier at Quatre Bras.
Now, into the advancing lines of French infantry Uxbridge hurled his massed squadrons!
To the west of La Haye Sainte the Household Brigade smashed into the Cuirassiers warding the left of Donzelot’s Division, left-most of D’Erlon’s Corps; driving them off in disorder. Lord Edward Somerset, commanding the Household Brigade, recorded the experience thus:
“The blows of the sabres on the cuirasses sounded like braziers at work.”
Continuing down the slope, they likewise destroyed that part of Donzelot’s infantry who stood in their way.
The three dragoon regiments of the Union Brigade, to the east of La Haye Sainte, simultaneously surged over the crest of the ridge and came flooding down into the astonished and unprepared French battalions. In seconds, d’Erlon’s fresh divisions were shattered and sent fleeing back the way they had come!
A senior British cavalry officer present described the scene:
“…the enemy fled as a flock of sheep across the valley; quite at the mercy of the Dragoons.”
At a stoke, Wellington (and Uxbridge) had turned the tables on the French, as D’Erlon’s hitherto successful attack was shattered and his entire Corps reduced to refugees running for their lives.
Capture of the Eagle of the 45th Regiment of Line by the Scots Greys
However, the indiscipline of the British horsemen and the very success of their charge now worked to their detriment. As officers frantically called for them to reform, the British horsemen galloped on in a killing frenzy, pursuing and sabering d’Erlon’s fleeing soldiers.
“(the officers) exhorted themselves to the utmost to reform the men; but the helplessness of the enemy suffered too great a temptation to the Dragoons… The Dragoons were in the same disorder, cutting up remnants of the dispersed enemy.”
The Scots Greys, particularly, over-extended themselves and charging across the valley. At some point Lt. Colonel James Hamilton, the commander of the Greys redirected their charge now against Napoleon’s Grande Batterie, on the opposite slopes of the valley and in the center of the French position. Many of the gunners were sabered or run off, at least temporarily silencing the punishing barrage of Wellington’s position.
Scots Greys overrun the Grande Batterie
However, this was a “bridge too far”.
Napoleon, watching from nearby Belle Alliance, ordered a counter-attack by the cuirassier brigades of Farine and Travers, and by Jaquinot’s two Chevau-léger (lancer) regiments of the I Corps’ 1st Light Cavalry Division, waiting in reserve behind the right wing. Wheeling into the flank of the disordered British horsemen, the lancers fell upon them and exacted a bloody revenge!
“If only we could have formed a hundred men we could have made a respectable retreat and saved many. But we could effect no formation and were as helpless against their (the lancers) attack as their infantry had been against ours.”
On now-blown horses, the British tried fleeing back to their lines or to either flank of the lancers. But many were overtaken and killed or captured. Among the dead was the Grey’s commander, Col Hamilton, his arm nearly severed by a lance and shot through the face. Worse, the commander of the Union Brigade, Sir William Ponsonby, was also speared by a lancer while attempting to flee across the muddy field on a spent horse.
From the film, “Waterloo” (1970), depicting the charge of the Scots Greys of the Union Brigade; and the death of General Ponsonby. The film inaccurately gives the Greys sabres instead of the strait sword used by heavy cavalry; and portrays the Polish Lancers of the Guard as conducting the French counter-attack; when in fact it was by the green-uniformed Chevau-légers (below) of Jaquinot’s 1st Cavalry Division.
By the middle of the afternoon, both combatants had returned to their respective places on either side of the valley; leaving the slopes littered with masses of dead and wounded, men and horses alike. D’Erlon’s Corp had been shattered, and its under-strength divisions would not be prepared to fight again till much later in the day. Wellington’s heavy cavalry was a nearly spent force and had taken severe casualties. Though they would continue to support the British infantry throughout the day, by the battle’s end both Brigades together could muster but a single squadron!
But it had been money well spent: Napoleon’s battle plan was in a shambles, and much time had been lost to the Emperor in his bid to smash Wellington before Blücher could arrive. Uxbridge has been much criticized for joining in the charge himself, rather than organizing a reserve. The Earl later expressed these regrets himself: “I committed a great mistake”
However mishandled, Uxbridge’s charge had saved the army from defeat.
While Napoleon was busy preparing the counter-attack against the British cavalry, a messenger arrived and was kept waiting an hour. He brought news already 4 hours old from Marshal Grouchy: He had failed to keep apace with the Prussians, and Blücher was marching fast to fall upon the Emperor’s eastern flank! | <urn:uuid:f2f2d82e-7e6d-4366-aa92-c31abb688702> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://deadliestblogpage.wordpress.com/2017/06/18/napoleons-last-campaign-part-six-uxbridge-saves-the-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864364.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622065204-20180622085204-00427.warc.gz | en | 0.976117 | 2,127 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Retail is the sale of goods and services from individuals or businesses to the end-user. Retailers are part of an integrated system called the supply chain. A retailer purchases goods or products in large quantities from manufacturers directly or through a wholesale, and then sells smaller quantities to the consumer for a profit. Retailing can be done in either fixed locations like stores or markets, door-to-door or by delivery. Retailing includes subordinated services, such as delivery. The term “retailer” is also applied where a service provider services the needs of a large number of individuals, such as a public. Shops may be on residential streets, streets with few or no houses or in a shopping mall. Shopping streets may be forpedestrians only. Sometimes a shopping street has a partial or full roof to protect customers from precipitation. Online retailing, a type of electronic commerce used for business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions and mail order, are forms of non-shop retailing.
Shopping generally refers to the act of buying products. Sometimes this is done to obtain necessities such as food and clothing; sometimes it is done as a recreational activity. Recreational shopping often involves window shopping (just looking, not buying) and browsing and does not always result in a purchase.
Retail comes from the Old French word tailer (compare modern French retailler), which means “to cut off, clip, pare, divide” in terms of tailoring (1365). It was first recorded as a noun with the meaning of a “sale in small quantities” in 1433 (from the Middle French retail, “piece cut off, shred, scrap, paring”). Like in French, the word retail in both Dutch and German (detailhandel and Einzelhandel, respectively) also refers to the sale of small quantities of items. | <urn:uuid:d3674e5d-805f-471a-86a5-65f68767b87d> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://www.wackyowl.com/shop-china-collapsed-night/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375094924.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031814-00119-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966025 | 392 | 3.25 | 3 |
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) is a metric used to verify and improve energy efficiency in data center operations.
The PUE evaluates the performance of the data center by calculating the ratio between the energy it uses as a whole and that used only by IT equipment.
The PUE value is defined as the ratio of two numbers: the data center input power versus the IT load power supply.
The total power of the facility includes all the energy of the IT equipment as described in the previous point plus everything that supports the IT equipment that uses energy, such as:
- Power Components, including UPS systems, panels, generators, power distribution units (PDUs), batteries, and distribution losses external to IT equipment
- Cooling system components, such as chillers, cooling towers (not present in our case), pumps, air handling units (AHU), computer room air conditioning units (CRAC), and direct expansion air (DX), heat pumps, etc.
- Other loads of miscellaneous components, such as data centre lighting
The IT Equipment Energy includes the energy associated with all IT equipment (for example, computing, storage, and networking equipment) along with additional equipment (for example, switches, monitors, and workstations/laptops used to monitor or otherwise control the data center).
The calculation of the seasonal PUE is performed considering the variation of the climatic conditions (external temperature) throughout the year which corresponds to variations in the thermal load of the building and consequently variation of the electrical load and in this, it differs from the previous calculation of the Peak PUE
Regard the daily hourly load profile (relative to each month), usually for a Data Center simulation must be performed. | <urn:uuid:827f6091-2820-49a4-8383-2cb4a005cf60> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | http://lnx.temporary.energogroup.com/pue-for-data-centers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296944452.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322180852-20230322210852-00610.warc.gz | en | 0.914367 | 358 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Leadership Styles - "Lord Of The Flies".
"Leadership has a harder job to do than just choose sides. It must bring sides together." - Jesse Jackson. A leader must consider the opinions and thoughts of all people in order to create unity and understanding. An effective leader will not only instruct what needs to be done, but they will also put forth equal effort in completing the necessary jobs and duties. Some leaders may be more effective in certain situations, which can cause conflict, as they might not know what is in the best interest of the group. A leader can help to develop others by helping them to achieve their goals. Alt…
- Consider the Parts Played by the Friar and the Nurse Particularly in the Light of This Statement
- Leadership Styles - "Lord Of The Flies".
- My Impressions and Evaluation of the Film“Forbidden Territory: Stanley’s Search for Livingstone”
E-pasta adrese, uz kuru nosūtīt darba saiti:
Saite uz darbu: | <urn:uuid:d9c63c2d-d1e6-434c-ad5c-cfb8150a2886> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.atlants.lv/eseja/leadership-styles-lord-of-the-flies/707490/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00461-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896318 | 223 | 3.265625 | 3 |
THERE are many messy problems that physics does not attempt to solve. As the theorist Robert Jaffe of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology observed: we don’t try to predict the structure of a Volkswagen from first principles – but we like to think we could.
That’s why the current confusion about one of nature’s most basic particles, the proton, has touched a nerve. It is just the sort of problem that physics should master with aplomb. Yet neither theory nor experiment seems to be able to tell us with certainty either how big the proton is, or what makes it spin (see “Proton puzzle: Trouble at the heart of the atom“). As we enter the era of the Large Hadron Collider, we are eagerly waiting to see whether the hoped for Higgs particle or hints of supersymmetry appear – or whether some totally unexpected finding will write the next chapter of particle physics. Our problems with the proton remind us that even supposedly settled science can challenge our presumptions of omniscience. | <urn:uuid:2e41404d-0e56-43a5-9654-df03d8569484> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20928052.700-in-praise-of-the-humble-proton/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218187717.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212947-00468-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913586 | 214 | 3.03125 | 3 |
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. The state of being negotiable - used especially of a financial instrument.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. The quality of being negotiable or transferable by indorsement.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. The quality of being negotiable, or transferable by assignment.
Sorry, no etymologies found.
One real-estate executive surmised that that kind of negotiability indicated a buyers 'market.
This principle, it would seem, favors recognition in bankruptcy of a purchaser's state law rights to "negotiability" (to use Professor Levitin's shorthand), subject to subordination and disallowance only in "drastic and unusual" circumstances
And, because there is less price negotiability in the lower market, they tend to move quicker in this market.
Problems are meant to be solved, usually with a blend of firmness and negotiability that is devoid of emotion, ideology, or sentimentality.
One way we can discern this is the utter non-negotiability of the interventionist position.
In some states, statutes settled the issue in favor of negotiability.
In general, the courts, too, with some vacillation, gave these bonds the magic password of negotiability.
One law stripped the notes and mortgages of negotiability, so that the farmers could raise the defense of fraud, before friendly local juries in foreclosure suits.
Municipal and corporate bonds were drawn into the orbit of negotiability.
The law saw to it that a creditor could rely on the validity of a circulating note, provided it conformed on its face to the simple requirements of negotiability. | <urn:uuid:922c70b6-1f33-40a6-9569-2e39df3b62f4> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | https://www.wordnik.com/words/negotiability | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170839.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00223-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914115 | 372 | 2.671875 | 3 |
botanical names of animals
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A botanical illustrator is a person who paints, sketches or otherwise illustrates botanical subjects such as trees and flowers. The job requires great artistic skill, attention to fine detail, and technical botanical knowledge. Typical illustrations will be in watercolour, in life size, or if not, the scale shown, and show face and reverse of leaves, flowers, bud, seed and root system.
The use of illustrations was frequently seen in the herbals, seed catalogues and popular works of natural history. The illustrations produced during the eighteenth and nineteenth century are regarded as both appealing and scientifically valid. The finer detail of the printing processes, greatly improving at this time, allowed artists such as Franz and Ferdinand Bauer to depict the minute aspects of the subject. The use of exploded details would further illustrate the description given in the accompanying text. These details allowed a non scientific audience to go some way in identifying the species, the widening interest in natural history and horticulture was an inducement to the production of many Floras and regular publications.
Many books and publication continued to use the illustrators, even after printed matter began to incorporate photography. It would be many years before the colour printing would equal the illustrators plates. The accuracy and craft of the illustrators had developed in tandem with the botanists concerned, the work came to be accepted as important to the botanists and their institutions. The illustrated publication, Curtis's Botanical Magazine (1787), was to eventually appoint an official artist. The 220 year old magazine, long associated with the Linnaean Society and Kew Gardens, is now primarily one of finer botanical illustration. A stream of the finest illustrators to appear in print have been featured in the magazine.
The contribution of botanical illustrators continues to be praised and sought, very fine examples continue to be produced. In the 1980s, Celia Rosser undertook to illustrate every Banksia species for the masterwork, The Banksias. When another species was described after its publication,Banksia rosserae, it was named to honour her mammoth accomplishment. Other illustrators, such as the profuse illustratorMatilda Smith, have been specifically honoured for this work.
Botanical illustration is sometimes used as a type for attribution of a botanical name to a taxon. The ability of botanists to conserve a dried specimens, or restrictions in safe transport, has meant illustrations have been nominated as the type for that name. Many minute plants, which may only be viewed under a microscope, are often identified by an illustration to overcome the difficulties in using slide mounted specimens. The standards for this are by international agreement (Art 37.5 of the Vienna Code, 2006).
Famous botanical illustrators include:
- Alois Auer
- James Andrew
- Elizabeth Blackwell (illustrator)
- Ferdinand Bauer
- Franz Bauer
- ‎Harry Bolus
- Olivia Marie Braida-Chiusano
- Priscilla Susan Bury
- Gillian Condy
- Sydenham Edwards
- Georg Dionysius Ehret
- Anne-Marie Evans
- Walter Hood Fitch
- Frances W. Horne
- Barbara Jeppe
- Kawahara Keiga
- Cythna Letty
- Christine Marais
- Margaret Mee
- Philippa Nikulinsky
- Marianne North
- Sydney Parkinson
- Jenny Phillips Botanical Artist
- Pierre-Joseph Redouté
- Lewis Roberts (naturalist)
- Celia Rosser
- Ellis Rowan
- Vera Scarth-Johnson
- Jill Smythies
- Matilda Smith
- James Sowerby
- Elizabeth Twining
- Ellaphie Ward-Hilhorst
The formal system of naming species of living things is called binomial nomenclature (especially in botany, but also used by zoologists), binominal nomenclature (since 1953 the technically correct form in zoology), or binary nomenclature. This system of naming was invented byLinnaeus. The up-to-date version of the rules of naming for animals and plants are laid out in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature respectively.
The essence of the binomial system of naming is this: each species name has two parts, the genus name and the species name (also known as the specific epithet), for example, Homo sapiens, which is the scientific name of the human species. Every two-part scientific name is either formed out of (modern scientific)Latin or is a Latinized version of words from other languages.
The two-part name of a species is commonly known as its Latin name. However,biologists and philologists prefer to use the term scientific name rather than "Latin name", because the words used to create these names are not always from the Latin language, even though words from other languages have usually been Latinized in order to make them suitable for this purpose. Species names are often derived from Ancient Greek words, or words from numerous other languages. Frequently species names are based on the surname of a person, such as a well-regarded scientist, or are a Latinized version of a relevant place name.
Carl von Linné (also known as Linnaeus) chose to use a two-word naming system, and did not use what over time came to be a full seven-category system (kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species.) Linnaeus chose a binomial nomenclature scheme, using only the genus name and the specific name or epithet which together form the whole name of the species. For example, humans belong to genus Homo and their specific name is sapiens. Humans as a species are thus classified as Homo sapiens. The first letter of the first name, the genus, is always capitalized, while that of the second is not, even when derived from a proper noun such as the name of a person or place. Conventionally, all names of genera and lower taxa are always italicised, while family names and higher taxa are printed in plain text. Species can be divided into a further rank, giving rise to a trinomial name for a subspecies (trinomenfor animals,ternary namefor plants).
Biologists, when using a name of a species, usually also give the authority and date of the species description. Thus zoologists will give the name of a particular sea snail species as: Patella vulgataLinnaeus, 1758. The name "Linnaeus" tells the reader who it was that described the species; 1758 is the date of the publication in which the original description can be found, in this case the bookSystema Naturae.
The adoption of a system of binomial nomenclature is due to Swedishbotanist and physicianCarl von Linné also known by his Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778). Linnaeus attempted to describe the entire known natural world, giving every species (mineral, plant, or animal) a two-part name. This was an improvement over descriptive names that involved a whole descriptive phrase comprising numerous words. However, binomial nomenclature in various forms had existed before Linnaeus, and was used by the Bauhins, who lived nearly two hundred years earlier.
The value of the binomial nomenclature system derives primarily from its economy, its widespread use, and the stability of names it generally favors:
- Clarity. It avoids the confusions that can be created when attempting to use common names to refer to a species. Common names often differ even from one part of a country to another part, and certainly vary from one country to another. In contrast, the scientific name can be used all over the world, in all languages, avoiding confusion and difficulties of translation.
- Stability. The procedures associated with establishing binomial nomenclature tend to favor stability. Even though such stability as exists is far from absolute, it is still advantageous. For example, when species are transferred between genera (as not uncommonly happens as a result of new knowledge), if possible the species descriptor is kept the same. Similarly if what were previously thought to be distinct species are demoted from species to a lower rank, former species names may be retained as infraspecific descriptors.
Despite the rules favoring stability and uniqueness, in practice a single species may have several scientific names in circulation, depending largely on taxonomic point of view (see synonymy).
The genus name and specific descriptor may come from any source. Often they are ordinary New Latin words, but they may also come from Ancient Greek, from a place, from a person (often a naturalist), a name from the local language etc. In fact, taxonomists come up with specific descriptors from a variety of sources, including in-jokes and puns. However, names are always treated gra
From Yahoo Answers
Answers:Index of plants = links to profile: http://www.liveandfeel.com/ List of indications = link to helpful plants = links to profile: http://www.pfaf.org/leaflets/med_uses.php
Answers:American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Tonic, stimulant. Used by Chinese for thousands of years. Angelica (Angelica archangelica L.). Stomachache, indigestion, fever, colds, cough, rheumatism. According to legend, an angel revealed in a dream that angelica could cure the plague. Beebalm, Bergamot, Oswego Tea (Monarda didyma). Oswego Indians make leaf tea for colic, gas, colds, fevers, stomach disorders, nosebleeds, insomnia, heart trouble, and to induce sweating. Physicians once used it to expel worms and gas. Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis). Emetic, fever, rheumatism. Bachelors of the Ponca tribe would rub the root on their hand and try to shake hands with the woman they wished to marry. Root is used as a dye by Indian, American and French dyers. Toxic: do not ingest. Blue Flag (Iris versicolor). Root tea used by American Indians as purgative. Physicians once used root to cleanse blood. Used in homeopathy for migraines. Considered poisonous. Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.). Stimulant, respiratory ailments. Root paste used by American Indians on sores. Emetic, purgative. Calamint (Calamintha nuttallii). Diaphoretic, soothes indigestion. Leaves smell like pennyroyal, and used as substitute for pennyroyal. Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis). Debility of lower extremities. American Indians used for "love potions." Potentially toxic; degree of toxicity unknown. Catnip (Nepeta cataria). Headache, stomachache, colic, insomnia, chronic bronchitis. Before the introduction of Chinese tea, catmint was used to make tea by the English peasantry. Celandine (Cheldonium majus L.). Cataracts. Medieval remedy for jaundice and liver ailments. Juice to remove warts.
Answers:I think they are created with a computer program called "Bryce". they look very realistic. here's some links with pictures. also, Bryce is a canyon in the US state of Utah. (I've included links to pictures of Trees growing there.) most of them seem to be pine trees
Answers:Tyrannosaurus Rex Dodo bird Stegosaurus | <urn:uuid:f5e1c33d-fa49-4912-af93-82d189cdd459> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.edurite.com/kbase/botanical-names-of-animals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207930423.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113210-00239-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923611 | 2,467 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Category:Punjabi proper nouns
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
|Recent additions to the category|
|Oldest pages ordered by last edit|
Punjabi nouns that indicate individual entities, such as names of persons, places or organizations.
Pages in category "Punjabi proper nouns"
The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. | <urn:uuid:46db0499-6421-4f40-a1a1-d1b61cfebcac> | CC-MAIN-2015-32 | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Punjabi_proper_nouns | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-32/segments/1438042989826.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002309-00227-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.828747 | 87 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Stories are one of the most memorable ways people communicate with one another, and they are used to interpret information, make meaning, and share understanding. First used in the mid-19th century, the term “folklore” encompasses the legends, stories, and traditions of a given culture. Folklore is often a means to explain the unexplainable. Connecticut’s first settlers, for example, experienced a foreign landscape, unfamiliar people, and unpredictable weather, all of which helped shape their many and varied legends. While science has proven most of these stories to be just that—stories, the state’s residents continue to celebrate Connecticut’s folklore traditions. From the Dark Day in 1780 to the 19th-century’s Old Leather Man and the Charter Oak tree, the state’s early tales live on in our writings, artifacts, monuments, and memories.
Cornwall Historical Society, and Paul Chamberlain. Dudleytown. Cornwall, CT: Cornwall Historical Society, 1966.
Kent, Donna. Ghost Stories and Legends of Eastern Connecticut: Lore, Mysteries and Secrets Revealed. Charleston, SC: Haunted America, 2007.
Kent, Donna. Ghost Stories and Legends of Southwestern Connecticut. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2009.
Philips, David E. Legendary Connecticut: Traditional Tales from the Nutmeg State. Hartford, CT: Spoonwood Press, 1984.
Payne, Brigham, and Centennial Exhibition. “The Battle of the Frogs.” In The Story of Bacchus and Centennial Souvenir
. Hartford, CT: A.E. Brooks, 1876. Link
Weaver, William L. The Battle of the Frogs, at Windham, 1758: With Various Accounts and Three of the Most Popular Ballads on the Subject
. Willimantic, CT: James Walden, 1857. Link
Dudley, Gary. The Legend of Dudleytown: Solving Legends Through Genealogical and Historical Research. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 2001.
Deluca, Dan W, and Dionne Longley. The Old Leather Man: Historical Accounts of a Connecticut and New York Legend. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2008. | <urn:uuid:cdb06740-701f-4e3d-95a3-9ff58a816f2b> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://connecticuthistory.org/topics-page/folklore/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929899.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00019-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.843949 | 464 | 3.25 | 3 |
Graphics programs: POV-ray for Linux (a ray-tracing program). multimedia
Multimedia and graphics programs: ImageMagick (an image-processing package), gimp (an image-editing package), mpeg_play (plays MPEG animations under X or on the Linux console), pixmap (a pixmap [xpm] editor), xpcd (a PhotoCD viewer), and xpdf (a viewer for PDF files, also known as
Acrobat files, from the name of Adobe's PDF software). networking
Networking applications: NIST (network time synchronizer), apache (World Wide Web [HTTP] server), ipfwadm (utility for setting up firewalls or IP masquerading under Linux), knews (threaded newsreader with an X interface), samba (a server for filesystem/printer access from Windows 95, NT, or other operating systems using SMB), surfit (a web browser written in Tcl/ Tk/TclX), tkNet (a network configuration utility written in Tcl/ Tk), tkWWW (a Tk interface to the World Wide Web, allowing editing of HTML files), and wn (an easy-to-configure WWW server).
Was this article helpful? | <urn:uuid:6c204f85-0755-480a-b388-717c018380ca> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.halolinux.us/configuration/graphics.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146186.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20200226023658-20200226053658-00545.warc.gz | en | 0.749007 | 268 | 2.5625 | 3 |
WAITFOR FUNCTION IN SQL SERVER 2005
It blocks the execution of a batch, stored procedure, or transaction until a specified time or time interval is reached,
or a specified statement modifies or returns at least one row.
Example of WAITFOR
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE
1.WAITFOR will not work with Cursors and Views.
2.The actual time delay may vary from the time specified in
time_to_pass, time_to_execute, or timeout and depends on the activity
level of the server.
3.The time counter starts when the thread associated with the
WAITFOR statement is scheduled. If the server is busy, the thread may
not be immediately scheduled; therefore, the time delay may be longer than the specified time.
4.When the query exceeds the querywait option, the WAITFOR statement argument can complete without running.
You can check all active and waiting processes from sp_who.
5.Each WAITFOR statement creates a thread.
If many WAITFOR statements are specified on the same server, many threads can be tied up waiting for these statements to run.
SQL Server monitors the number of threads associated with WAITFOR
statements, and randomly selects some of these threads to exit if the
server starts to experience thread starvation. | <urn:uuid:1bfcdad0-fc31-4409-9350-6f80fe99700c> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://msbiskills.com/2010/08/11/waitfor-function-in-sql-server-2005/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655882934.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20200703184459-20200703214459-00042.warc.gz | en | 0.761704 | 280 | 2.875 | 3 |
If you’re an early-stage Python user looking to boost your professional game, you need to set aside the time—and bandwidth—to study up and advance your skills. Practice makes perfect, they say, so why not start right now? In this course, instructor Ronnie Sheer shows you the tools, techniques, and practical know-how of expert Python users, with twenty hands-on, interactive coding challenges to test out your skills as you go. Take your existing Python proficiency to the next level with tips on scope, strings, loops, CSV data, calculations, JSON data sets, web servers, and more. By the end of this course, you’ll be equipped with newly honed expert moves to keep learning on your upcoming projects.
The best way to learn a language is to use it in practice. That’s why this course is integrated with GitHub Codespaces, an instant cloud developer environment that offers all the functionality of your favorite IDE without the need for any local machine setup. With GitHub Codespaces, you can get hands-on practice from any machine, at any time—all while using a tool that you’ll likely encounter in the workplace. Check out the “Using GitHub Codespaces with this course” video to learn how to get started.Learn More | <urn:uuid:6ec4d1ca-8cb9-45b9-9433-c9ea2c9e8718> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://coopsandcareers.wit.edu/classes/hands-on-introduction-python/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506686.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925051501-20230925081501-00853.warc.gz | en | 0.878722 | 266 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Cancer Now the Leading Cause of Death for U.S. Hispanics
Cancer has the dubious distinction of being the leading cause of death among Hispanics in the U.S., surpassing heart disease.
In a report released Monday, the American Cancer Society announced that although cancer death rates are falling slightly among Hispanics, for the first time, cancer deaths have surpassed deaths from heart disease in this group. The statistics are from 2009, the most recent year for which data is available.
Among Hispanics, 21.1 percent of deaths are due to cancer while 20.9 percent of deaths can be attributed to heart disease, according to the report, published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. Among non-Hispanic whites, one-quarter of deaths are due to heart disease, while cancer deaths rank second at 23.5 percent.
The emergence of cancer as the leading cause of death among Hispanics is a gauge for the rest of the country. Eventually, cancer will become the leading cause of death among all Americans, Rebecca Siegel, an epidemiologist with the American Cancer Society and co-author of the study, told Take Part. Heart disease still ranks first among whites because the average age of whites is much older than Hispanics.
"The number of deaths from cancer will overtake deaths from heart diseases in the overall population in the near future," she explains. "Cancer is the leading cause of death among individuals younger than 85 in the overall population. We are seeing this crossover earlier among Hispanics because of a demographic difference—Hispanics are a much younger population."
But the pattern of cancer among Hispanics differs greatly from whites, a finding that has major implications for public health officials who plan programs to reduce cancer deaths. The report found that Hispanics have lower incidence and death rates of cancers of the breast, prostate, lung and colon compared to non-Hispanic whites. The risk of lung cancer among Hispanics is about half that of whites, for example, because smoking rates are lower.
However, Hispanics have higher incidence and death rates for cancers of the stomach, liver, gallbladder and uterus and cervix. These types of cancer are more likely to be caused by infections that people contract in the country they came from, but they usually fall ill after immigrating to the United States, Siegel says.
"New Hispanic immigrants bring with them the cancer risk of their home country, which is typically much different from the risk among non-Hispanic whites," she says. "The proportion of new cancer associated with infectious agents in Latin America is four times that in North America because the infections that cause these cancers are more common in the low- and middle-income countries such as Mexico and those in Central and South America from Hispanics emigrate."
Human papilloma virus infection accounts for most cases of cervical cancers. The Helicobacter pylori virus is linked to a higher risk of stomach cancer, and the hepatitis B virus can lead to liver cancer.
But lifestyle plays a role in the differences between ethnic groups, she notes.
"Hispanic women have lower rates of breast cancer than non-Hispanic whites because they tend to have reproductive patterns that are more protective against breast cancer, such as earlier age at first birth, more children and an increased likelihood to breast-feed," Siegel says.
However, as immigrants become acculturated, the differences tend to fade. For example, she says, the longer a Hispanic woman has lived in the U.S., the more her risk of breast cancer increases.
Other differences in cancer death rates have more to do with poverty and access to healthcare, Siegel says. In 2010, more than 26 percent of Hispanics lived in poverty and just over 30 percent were uninsured, compared to 9.9 percent of whites who live in poverty and 11.7 percent who are uninsured.
Preventing cancer deaths among Hispanics will be challenging because of wide cultural and genetic differences among Hispanics. Fifty million Americans—about 16 percent of the population—identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino. While the majority of Hispanics living in the United States are Mexican, others are from Puerto Rico, Central America, South America or Cuba, according to the American Cancer Society.
In Florida, the study notes, cancer death rates for Cuban men are double that of Mexican men because Cuban men are more likely to smoke. Obesity, a risk factor for several types of cancer, is much higher in Mexican and Puerto Rican men than among Dominican men.
Reducing cancer deaths among Hispanics will come down to community efforts, Siegel says.
"Cancer occurrence information has generally been reported for Hispanics in aggregate, masking the substantial differences and making it difficult to establish more targeted interventions," she says. "However, information is becoming increasingly more available about Hispanic populations by country of origin, so cancer control efforts should zero in on the needs of these subpopulations as much as possible."
Question: What can individual communities do to help prevent cancer? Tell us what you think in the comments. | <urn:uuid:06d1330a-5728-4faa-b7b1-8215336e4448> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.takepart.com/article/2012/09/17/cancer-now-leading-cause-death-us-hispanics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701169261.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193929-00082-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966211 | 1,012 | 2.8125 | 3 |
There's no better way to unwind before you go to sleep than with a good book in a comfy bed -- besides maybe sharing that book with your family.
Reading bedtime stories to young ones is a great way to improve a child's literacy, foster their creativity, and best of all, help them sleep more soundly at night. For parents of night owls, that last part must sound like an especially tempting prospect. Of course, making sure your kids are sleeping in beds that give them the support and comfort they need is the first step toward getting them to bed more easily, but reading is a great way to help restless kids start winding down for a better night's rest.
If you're trying to build a little more downtime into your kids' nightly routine, these bedtime books for readers of all ages are the perfect solution. Try a few of them out! Who knows, you might just find your new favorite story too.
1. "Where the Wild Things Are" by Maurice Sendak
Over 50 years since the book was originally published, "Where the Wild Things Are" remains a classic for kids of all ages, and a beautiful depiction of how children use imagination to deal with emotions. Fantastical and fun, it's a great twist on the conventional idea of those monsters in the closet.
2. "Where the Sidewalk Ends" by Shel Silverstein
Shel Silverstein's essential poetry collection is packed full of wacky tales that will get your kids' imaginations running and might even have you laughing out loud too. Plus, the illustrations are as much fun as the stories themselves!
3. "Brown Girl Dreaming" by Jacqueline Woodson
Another book of poetry from a more serious perspective, Jacqueline Woodson's "Brown Girl Dreaming" is a memoir told in free verse about her experiences growing up as an African American girl during the Civil Rights movement. Written for children and young adults, her storytelling can be appreciated by book-lovers of any age.
4. "The Stories Julian Tells" by Ann Cameron
This hilarious book is the first installment of Julian's World, a series that relays the (sometimes tall) tales told by a young boy named Julian, and the trouble he and his brother get into when they get too caught up in their own imaginations. From magic fig leaves to an ocean of lemon pudding, this book is funny, sweet, and magical in equal measure.
5. "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" by J.K. Rowling
This list wouldn't be complete without everyone's favorite boy wizard! The beauty of the first Harry Potter book is that it can be enjoyed by people of all ages -- grown ups too! The whimsy, fun, and magic prepares kids for a restful night of dreams, while the deeper themes of family, friendship, and love leave them with important lessons for the future.
6. "Holes" by Louis Sachar
Thoughtful enough to keep older kids engaged and heartfelt enough for younger ones to feel invested every step of the way, "Holes" is the story of a teenage boy who is shipped off to a juvenile labor camp after being wrongly accused of a crime. You and your kids may have seen the 2003 movie already, but trust us, the book is well worth a read.
7. "Stellaluna" by Janell Cannon
Perfect for young readers, this picture book about a young bat searching for a mother's love and learning to be herself along the way is as heartwarming as it is fun. You're going to want to get cozy when you break this one out, because your little one will want to hear it again and again.
8. "Last Stop on Market Street" by Matt de la Peña
This story about a little boy riding the bus with his grandmother might seem simple, but in just a few pages it expertly conveys complex and powerful messages about finding beauty and happiness wherever you are. Another great option for young readers, the beautiful illustrations will captivate small children and you'll enjoy the full depth of its message about loving where you live and being kind to the people who live alongside you.
9. "Chicka Chicka Boom Boom" by Bill Martin, Jr.
If you've got a musical kid, this book lets your little ones set their own rhythm. This book is fun to read time and time again, and both you and your child will have endless fun singing along. Plus, it helps beginning readers get more comfortable with the alphabet! Musical, educational, and fun -- that sounds like a win, win, win!
10. "Esperanza Rising" by Pam Muñoz Ryan
This young adult novel tells the gripping tale of a young girl from Mexico whose once-wealthy family is forced to move to California during the Great Depression. A fictional tale full of real history that your kids will be excited to learn, this book is tragic, heartwarming, and inspirational, all in one. Be sure to break out the tissues!
11. "The Hobbit" by J.R.R. Tolkein
This classic prequel to "The Lord of the Rings" series is lighter and more lyrical than the trilogy that follows it, with plenty of adventure for older kids and fantastical fun that young ones will enjoy too. This book is so good, the kids will be dying to hop in bed every night and hear the next chapter -- you'll struggle to resist reading ahead too!
Reading can be the perfect way to wind down before drifting off at the end of the day, but in order to get the most out of your sleep, you'll need the perfect mattress. So before you get cozy with one of these 11 amazing books, come by our shop and find mattresses that will get both you and your kids' sleep started on the right side of the bed. With the help of a good book and a better mattress, bedtime can be better than ever. So stop by our store and get snoozin'! | <urn:uuid:0dac2899-433b-4430-bda0-25610e6ca868> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.jjglossappliance.com/blog/11-books-to-read-to-your-child | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710980.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20221204204504-20221204234504-00458.warc.gz | en | 0.956641 | 1,241 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A Rigid-Heddle History
A predecessor of today's rigid-heddle looms was the box loom or tape loom, dating to ancient times and used for weaving narrow bands for straps and decorations on clothing. (The term tape loom can also refer to weaving with just a rigid heddle.)
In Norway, the cradle loom, has long been used to weave bands to decorate regional costumes. The looms are often beautifully decorated with carving or painted with traditional rosemaling. Box and tape looms were also commonly used in America through the 19th century. You can make your own inexpensive box loom for weaving or beading out of a sturdy cardboard box. | <urn:uuid:97ae3183-5e10-4c56-beb7-3e654dd8bdcc> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://www.interweave.com/article/weaving/a-rigid-heddle-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376830479.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20181219025453-20181219051453-00460.warc.gz | en | 0.971976 | 141 | 2.9375 | 3 |
To Encourage Recycling
Solihull Council is considering fortnightly waste collections in a bid to increase recycling rates, even though residents were against such changes when surveyed last year.
A Fourth Bin for Food Waste?
The Council has been delving into the contents of our black bins, discovering that food is a major component (41% on average). Separating food waste would allow it to be recycled.
Council officers are examining the option of fewer black bin collections but with an additional food waste bin. The Conservative Cabinet Member asked them to look in detail at the proposal, one of several presented last year.
There's no guarantee this will happen, but this option was selected as the “preferred” one, and it leaves garden waste collections unaffected.
Missed Recycling Targets
Even with these changes, the Council's own forecast says it will still miss its 50% target. Solihull’s recycling has been below that for several years.
Huge numbers of Solihull's homes fill their waste bins every week, according to the Council, but the size of the black bins would not increase.
The Council acknowledges that their preferred option could cause additional fly-tipping and problems for parents disposing of nappies.
The moves would increase the cost of collecting and handling waste by £345,000 each year.
Tell us what you think below
(So that we understand your feelings when it comes before our Councillors). | <urn:uuid:cbfad680-0886-45d4-bf09-5de0f3836f48> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://www.solihull-libdems.org.uk/fortnightly_bin_collections | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247479885.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20190216045013-20190216071013-00330.warc.gz | en | 0.970025 | 305 | 2.640625 | 3 |
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