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Pediatric Occupational Therapists often support educators and parents in helping children with handwriting skills. Long before the student sits down at the desk to complete a writing assignment, there are building blocks that serve as a foundation for success:
5 Activities that Benefit Fine Motor Skills
Allow for Tummy Time:
The prone or belly position is an important step in infant/toddler growth and development. As the child learns to push up on elbows and eventually hands in this position, it helps develop good shoulder stability as well as building the arches of the hands, which are used later for strength and precision activities like throwing a ball or writing with a pencil. Even older children can benefit using tunnel or scooter board activities or try the new Surfloor Tiles to bring some sensory fun to tummy time.
Work on Vertical Surfaces:
From pre-school and up, working on vertical surfaces can additionally support the concepts of tummy time. From painting on easels, to writing on wall mounted white boards, this position helps build good neck and shoulder muscles necessary for stability with writing skills as well as visual tracking skills needed for focus and precision.
Build Strong Hand and Finger Muscles:
Although standard early childhood modeling clay is a staple, consider using CanDo Theraputty or Crazy Aaron’s Thinking Putty to really give student hands a workout. Hide coins or chips in the putty and have children fish them out using pinch and push skills, which help build intrinsic hand muscles needed for fine motor skills like using scissors and squeezing a glue bottle.
Add Visual Tracking Skills: Tracking bubbles, hitting balloons, playing flashlight games and tossing a balloon or beach ball are great for building the eye muscles and helping with visual plane changes which are key to successful copying skills from board, book or tablet.
Vary the Use of Media for Writing and Drawing:
With so much emphasis on technology, it’s important to remember that effective fine motor skills depend on strong tactile (touch) skills. Add more texture and sensory input by practicing letters or designs using Wikki Stix or drawing with the Squiggle Wiggle Pen. As an LCD ewriter, Boogie Boards make a durable alternative and/or as a segue to using smart tablets with writing/drawing apps.
Introduce Helpful Sensory Tools
If wiggles and fidgets are an issue with in seat/on task behavior, adding simple sensory tools like a weighted lap pad which may provide just the right amount of deep touch pressure for calming.
Allow flexible seating options:: Having flexible seating options may help give that just right sensory input each student needs for focus on fine motor skills. The Runtz and Zenergy stools provide the stability base of a stool with the mobility top of a ball that is perfect for students with the wiggles. The Dream Chair provides deep touch pressure input for good spatial boundaries for those students that need extra body support. Be sure to pair this with the Weighted Lap Desk to ensure a cozy and stable option to work on fine motor skills.
More Occupational Therapy Tips & Ideas
To find more helpful tips, tricks, and ideas relating to Occupational Therapy or with a focus on students with special needs, check out the Special Needs category or peruse the hundreds of other blog articles on our site.
April is Occupational Therapy Month! Supporting fine motor skills is only one component of the diverse role OT practitioners play in helping people of all ages in preventing or living better with an injury, illness or disability. For more information visit aota.org. | <urn:uuid:ea4d3d0e-3a06-4ceb-804e-e472210c0375> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://blog.schoolspecialty.com/top-ot-tips-improving-fine-motor-skills/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145533.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221142006-20200221172006-00141.warc.gz | en | 0.91936 | 726 | 3.21875 | 3 |
As Oklahoma’s legislature debates ending the state’s tax incentive for wind-generated power, arguments continue to be made that wind is good for the state’s electricity consumers as well as for the state’s economy. This paper examines the impact of wind on the state. It finds: • Today, Oklahomans enjoy the benefits of an excess supply of electrical energy. There does not appear to be the need for construction of new generation facilities of any type in the near future.
- The construction of wind turbines in Oklahoma has been driven by the federal production tax credit, not any Oklahoma state policy.
- Oklahoma reached its voluntary renewable portfolio standard some time ago.
- Wind power does not provide environmental benefits to the state.
- Wind power does not provide significant financial resources to K-12 schools.
- The Oklahoma Zero-Emissions credit presents significant risk to the state’s fiscal outlook.
The strongest arguments to support the claim that wind is a boon to the economy are that wind, as a form of energy, is free, and that wind power producers often offer their power at a zero or even negative price. But wind’s true economic impact is so blurred by state and federal tax and energy policies that it is nearly impossible for a casual observer to put together an accurate picture of wind’s impact. This paper is an attempt to sharpen the picture with the hope that policy decisions will be improved. The bottom line, however, is stated in Chapter 2, where the analysis strongly suggests that “the utility-scale wind industry will not survive in competitive power markets unless it is subsidized.” Wind Power is currently subsidized through state and federal tax policy. At the state level, new wind producers are effectively paid $5 for every megawatt-hour they produce for ten years. This is in addition to the $23 per megawatt-hour the federal government pays these producers for ten years (though the federal subsidy is being phased down). At the wholesale level, the federal subsidy alone is sufficient, under some circumstances, to allow wind producers to pay, rather than receive payment, to load their generated power onto the electrical grid. Properly understood, this economically unsustainable practice alone makes it clear that low prices for wind-generated power, made possible by government interference, obfuscate the real cost wider society is actually paying for that power. Economists have long shown in a variety of ways, theoretical and empirical, that a free-enterprise system, where government plays only referee and regulator of last resort, yields the greatest possible benefits from mankind’s natural urge to exchange with one another. Active government interference through misguided and excessive regulation, direct subsidies, unequal tax treatments, and generous legal rules only for the privileged, make society poorer than it could otherwise be. Per Bylund, an OSU entrepreneurship professor, reinforces this point in a separate essay provided in the paper. In fact, Bylund argues that government attempts to stimulate innovation often actually reduce innovation.
The primary author of this work, economist and energy expert Robert Michaels, shows that wind power is much more costly than often thought. Michaels’ argument can be summed up as follows. Once a basic, but thorough, understanding is gained of how modern electrical grids work and how important it is that energy sources be highly reliable, it becomes clear that wind-generated power has little, if any, cost advantage over other power sources, despite appearances to the contrary. What’s more, the main advantage wind has, which is to reduce carbon emissions, is not clear at all, given wind’s intermittent nature and the need for fossil-fuel backup power plants. This last point is reinforced by an essay included in the paper from climate expert, Paul Knappenberger. Chapter 1 provides an overview of electric power in the United States and Oklahoma. It describes how the mix of electrical power sources has changed over Executive Summary 6 | Wind Energy in Oklahoma time, as well as the regulatory and legal frameworks within which power generators operate. It also points out that there are laws of nature that must be taken into account in order to maintain a stable electrical grid that reliably provides power. Part of what makes this possible for Oklahoma is the Southwest Power Pool (SPP), a large, multi-state electrical network of which Oklahoma is only a part, which is described. Finally, a basic explanation is provided of how power flows within the SPP, and how it is that this somewhat artificial but remarkable market, with its many mandates and regulators, insulates us from some of wind power’s worst potential effects.
In Chapter 2, Dr. Michaels explores whether wind power is actually economically valuable, given its intermittency (i.e., that the wind does not blow steadily 100 percent of the time), using methodology developed by a Brookings Institution economist. The fact is that a wind plant rated to produce a given maximum amount of electricity can only be counted on to produce a fraction of that amount over time. Even that fraction, however, cannot be reliably expected to be delivered as needed. This is because wind, even that as seemingly reliable as Oklahoma’s, is not reliable enough as a source of power to produce the constant voltage needed on a modern electrical grid. Wind cannot reliably be instantly called up to cover unexpected loads, grid interruptions, or unexpected power interruptions from other generators. Yet, because of the far-flung nature of the SPP and the ability of that market to accept nearly any power source that bids low enough and is willing to pay to be admitted onto the grid, wind has been integrated into the system. Nevertheless, this has happened at a cost as the SPP has had to create a special side market to keep subsidized wind’s artificially low prices from destabilizing the grid. What’s more, Dr. Michaels shows that when wind replaces older fossil-fuel generation, it often does not produce the value (in reduced fuel and capital costs) or even the reduction in CO2 emissions that more modern fossil fuel technologies often accomplish since wind does not always blow and reserve generation must therefore be maintained.
In Chapter 3, the fact that wind might have helped to lower electricity prices in Oklahoma is acknowledged, but only on a short-sighted, shortterm basis. It is also argued that there is a hidden cost to these lower rates. As already noted in Chapter 2, much of this cost is in reserve generation, not to mention the impact on Oklahoma’s tax revenue picture. There has also been a large investment in new grid extensions and upgrades of the current SPP grid, partly to accommodate wind. Wind’s low prices are, in no small part, made artificially possible by mainly federal, and to a much smaller degree, state tax subsidies. Ultimately, given that SPP gives wind generation only 5 percent credit as part of its reserves that can be called up when needed, it would take 10,000 megawatts of wind generation to replace only 500 megawatts of, say, coal units. Wind can only be absorbed as a generator up to a very limited point. Chapter 4 argues that given the costs of its absorption and the federal subsidies wind has received, it is arguable that the future of wind is higher costs, not lower, for consumers. At best, wind power has made a very limited contribution to property tax revenues and is not likely to make a large contribution in the future. Instead, wind presents a significant risk to Oklahoma’s future state revenue outlook due to the subsidies. | <urn:uuid:cc5e5a9d-bd51-4c88-afb2-84775e5d5bb8> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://windwaste.com/2017/05/09/wind-energy-oklahoma-costly-solution-search-problem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886979.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117212700-20180117232700-00159.warc.gz | en | 0.958372 | 1,533 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Governments facing a choice between supporting jobs or letting the economy take its course in the pandemic are frequently opting to back their workers, even if measures may only offer temporary relief. U.K. Chancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak’s introduction of a new six-month scheme to subsidize wages of people in part-time work, even as an earlier program was being phased out, is just one example of a global phenomenon.
1. What’s the U.K. doing?
Sunak has announced a new jobs support program to succeed the furlough policy, which was due to end on Oct. 31 and has supported more than 9 million jobs at a cost of 39 billion pounds ($50 billion). Under the furlough program, the government paid people who were unable to return to their workplaces because of Covid restrictions as much as 80% of their wages. The replacement policy will provide subsidies to workers who can return to their jobs for at least a third of their normal hours. Their employer will pay the hours they work, and the government and employer will each pay a share of wages for the hours they don’t work. It means that people on the new program will be guaranteed at least 77% of their normal wages. But it also leaves employers potentially on the hook for 55% of wages for an employee working just a third of their normal hours. Bloomberg economists Dan Hanson and Jamie Rush said a spike in unemployment appeared inevitable, with the risk of employers shunning the scheme rather than paying for employees on reduced hours.
2. What about other countries?
Germany in August extended its flagship program under which the government covers the bulk of pay for employees who can’t work. There have been similar moves in France, Italy, Switzerland and Austria, while Japan has been providing payroll assistance for firms and cash for households. In contrast, in the U.S., Congress has struggled in the run-up to the November presidential election to extend a stimulus package that gave the unemployed additional federal funding.
3. How does Germany’s system operate?
The state-funded German safety net known as Kurzarbeit keeps salaries flowing to employees even when their work has dried up. Businesses facing a temporary and unavoidable shortfall of orders due to a crisis can apply for the government to subsidize workers’ salaries while activity is reduced or put on hold. Kurzarbeit — pronounced KUHRTS-ahr-bite, and loosely translated as “short-time working” — typically covers 60% of lost net wages, which rises to 67% for people with children. Companies are still responsible for paying workers and must apply to get reimbursed by the state. The German government has expanded the program to include contract workers and cover social insurance contributions. Originally intended to run for 12 months, eased conditions for accessing the program were extended through the end of 2021.
4. Does its model work?
Though smaller companies say it isn’t perfect, as it assumes they can cover personnel costs upfront, Germany’s program has received praise. It kept about half a million people employed during the global financial crisis, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development reported in 2009. Germany’s labor minister says it’s helping millions this time around. Companies use Kurzarbeit even when there’s no crisis, as it can offset seasonal production swings, such as bad weather affecting construction. It can also be used by firms undergoing restructuring to prevent sudden layoffs. In June, there were about 5.4 million people receiving the benefits, down from a high of 6 million in April, according to Federal Labor Agency data. Still, some 9,000 companies applied for Kurzarbeit in August. Compare that with 2019, when an average of 1,300 companies applied for support each month.
5. Are any of its neighbors following suit?
France has extended its emergency furlough program to the end of the year for the worst hit sectors and ministers have said it could continue even longer if needed. But the French government has also put in place a long term partial-unemployment system that provides a similar level support to workers and firm, but on a case by case basis. To benefit, a firm’s management and employee representatives must negotiate a deal that allows a reduction of up to 40% in working hours over a two-year period, in exchange for commitments on maintaining jobs. The state than has to approve the deal, which can be used on-and-off for three years. Companies must pay 70% of the gross wages for unworked hours, which equates to around 84% of an employee’s net income. The state will reimburse companies 60% of gross wages up to 4.5 times the minimum wage. The level of state funding will decline slightly for deals signed after October 1.
6. What about the rest of Europe?
In Italy, the government has increased furlough provisions and extended a firing ban to Dec. 31. Companies can apply for the state to pay workers’ wages for up to 18 weeks, but the program from Oct. 1 to Dec. 31 will require some businesses to pay a share of the salary. Spain, Belgium, and the Netherlands are among other European nations that allow distressed companies to tap government funds to pay salaries in periods when they have little or no income. Sweden and Denmark introduced support measures in response to the virus, with Denmark’s aid program paying partial wages for 270,000 people for varying periods over its extended five-month duration. To help pay for policies that preserve jobs, the European Commission has said it’s ready to loan up to 100 billion euros ($117 billion) to member states.
7. How are companies responding?
Big names in Germany including Volkswagen, BMW, Daimler, sports-apparel maker Puma and airline Lufthansa have all made use of the Kurzarbeit program, and in some cases were continuing to do so in late 2020. The first large company in France to reach a broad accord with unions was Safran SA, a plane equipment maker that has been hit by the aerospace slump. With orders drying up at its civil aviation business and a turnaround that may not come for another three years, it put about a third of its 95,000 global workforce on furlough between April and June and has cut roughly 15% of permanent employees, or almost 14,000 people. The headcount reduction adds up to more than a quarter of workers outside France, and less than 2%, or some 700 people, in its home country. What’s important for Safran’s French unions is that people didn’t lose their jobs and expertise will remain within the company.
8. Does the U.S. have anything similar?
Theres is a program with some similarities to Germany’s, but it’s administered on a state-by-state basis, is less flexible and isn’t as widely used. Furloughed employees in the U.S. typically go without pay but retain access to benefits like health insurance. Under the stimulus package signed into law by President Donald Trump, people being paid unemployment benefits through their state received an additional $600 per week from the federal government through the end of July. The stimulus law also made more workers eligible for unemployment benefits, including the self-employed. Congress was divided on ways to extend the program as the November presidential election approached.
The Reference Shelf
- A Businessweek story illustrating how Germany pays workers to stay home.
- A Bloomberg story on how Europe is putting jobs before restructuring.
- An analysis of short-time work programs in different countries.
- A Fortune article on how furloughs work in the U.S. system.
- An OECD study on skills measures to mobilize the workforce.
— With assistance by Tara Patel, William Horobin, Reade Pickert, Kati Pohjanpalo, Paul Gordon, Alex Morales, David Goodman, and Tim Ross | <urn:uuid:595d6e89-ca1c-43a8-a480-2984bb8db3a3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://cedric-lachat.com/jobs-support-scheme-u-k-joins-nations-in-fighting-to-help-workers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141176256.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20201124111924-20201124141924-00303.warc.gz | en | 0.970136 | 1,652 | 2.859375 | 3 |
We’ve seen them everywhere: The white, pink and magenta flowers appear where little else is in bloom. These tough-as-nails plants thrive along our freeways up and down the state.
Oleanders, the perfect shrub for our hot summer climate.
Perfect? In many respects yes. Hardy, durable, cut-’em-to-the-ground-and-spring-back tough, they’ve earned a place in our landscape and hearts.
For a quick and beautiful hedge or screen, there is no parallel.
But, they are perfectly toxic.
When you next consider planting this shrub, heed the fact that it is packed with poisonous compounds.
Oleanders, members of the Apocynaceae (Dogbane family), are laced with bitter sap that contains Cardenolide Glycosides, which act upon the heart much like foxglove or Digitalis.
These toxic compounds have also been used from antiquity for various medical treatments. While studies and opinions differ on dosage, if enough oleander is consumed, it can prove fatal, especially to young children, small pets and livestock.
All plant parts of oleander, fresh or dry, are toxic if ingested. There are many recorded cases of oleander poisoning in this country every year. This may be of importance to people who have pets who tend to chew on plants, for play areas young children will frequent, or for situations that have plantings of oleander growing within nibble-reach of livestock.
In campground areas where coleander grow, care must be taken when choosing ‘skewers’ for roasting. While the long, thin, sturdy stems seem perfect for the job, they can prove a disastrous error of choice.
Care should be used when pruning oleander. Gloves and long sleeves are adequate protection. Skin irritation can occur from contact with the sap, and safety eyewear is a must when working with the plant to avoid accidental splashing of the acrid sap into your eyes.
Oleander is very difficult to eradicate once it is large and established. Consider how large these tall shrubs will get at maturity. Oleander can be pruned severely without harm to the plant, but over-planting or planting too close to sensitive areas leaves the problem of frequent disposal of the trimmings. Burning any part of oleander creates toxic smoke, so care must be taken to minimize contact with the fumes if you decide to burn it.
Oleander is a beautiful and important summer-hardy shrub with many different applications in your yard, so it doesn’t need to be avoided when designing your landscape. After all, plenty of other toxic plants are commonly used in our yards.
Understanding the limitations and dangers of any plant should help you design your landscape appropriately, and help you keep it safe. | <urn:uuid:1109aa4e-c5a1-47e8-91c2-1681119d90fc> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://anewscafe.com/2008/08/13/oleander-look-but-do-not-touch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463609817.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20170528120617-20170528140617-00080.warc.gz | en | 0.928891 | 597 | 2.921875 | 3 |
|Jmol 3D model||Interactive image|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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γ-Endorphin is an opioid peptide that is characterized by the presence of 17 amino acids. The first 16 amino acids are identical to α-endorphin with Leucine added at the end. Similar to other endorphins, research focusing upon γ-endorphin has been ongoing since its discovery in the 1970s. Yet, most of the information about the substance’s exact role within the body is speculation that has yet to be proven. Some studies have indicated, however, that the polypeptide has antipsychotic effects on a certain category of patients suffering from schizophrenia, while others suggest that gamma-endorphin may act to help regulate blood pressure. Further research is needed, but if γ-endorphin does indeed possess such characteristics, the substance could eventually be utilized as a useful means of medical treatment.
- "Molecular Expressions: Images from the Microscope". Micro.magnet.fsu.edu. Retrieved 2012-07-25.
|This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.| | <urn:uuid:7f060d70-616d-4503-8556-da9dcea4bbb6> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-endorphin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661905.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00293-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.871986 | 273 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Establishing a system boundary is the single most important step when categorizing and securing a system. Regardless of the compliance regimen you are using, laying out a system boundary is the first step to determine what needs protection. While some system owners might have flexibility in defining what constitutes their information system, others, like cloud service providers (CSPs) looking to achieve FedRAMP authorization to operate (ATO), will have a prescribed path to follow.
What is the difference between a system boundary and an authorization boundary? A system boundary is simply the security parameter around what you are protecting, while an authorization boundary is the system boundary for which you are looking to achieve an ATO. Authorization boundaries allow you to establish the scope of protection for information systems, including people, processes, and technologies.
When it comes to cloud environments, determining the authorization boundary is a complex task. According to the FedRAMP PMO, “Defining the authorization boundary is by far the hardest non-technical component of a security package.” Even though cloud computing is not a new concept, understanding cloud dependencies and the shared responsibility model can be challenging.
For example, a software as a service (SaaS) provider can leverage different configuration models to design its cloud stack. SaaS providers can choose to leverage either an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) or platform as a service (PaaS) model, which will ultimately drive the responsibility model and the scope of controls. A control responsibility starts where the underlying provider’s responsibility ends. Depending upon which model they choose, their responsibility and the scope will vary significantly. Therefore, leveraging a PaaS will leave significantly less controls for the inheriting CSP to implement. The underlying CSP must clearly define where their responsibility ends so the inheriting CSP is clear on where its boundary begins.
CSPs must provide transparency into where their information systems transmit, process, or store federal government data and the accompanying metadata. Metadata is any data used to describe federal data or data that could affect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) values of the cloud service offering (CSO). This can be audit logs, vulnerability scans, incident response data, and more.
In light of these challenges, FedRAMP issued authorization boundary guidance using four “rules of thumb” to help CSPs determine their responsibility:
Rule of Thumb 1: All information system components that process, store, or transmit federal government data must be within the authorization boundary.
Rule of Thumb 2: CSPs must disclose all external connections and any risk associated with them. In the event the external system is affecting the CIA values of the CSO, those external services must be brought inside of the authorization boundary. For example, a vulnerability scanner or a ticketing system hosted outside of the authorization boundary falls under this rule and must be moved inside the boundary. No metadata of the system can leave the authorization boundary.
Rule of Thumb 3: Corporate services may stay outside of the authorization boundary as long as they are not affecting the CIA value of the CSO. For example, if you are using a corporate email service to support your daily business functions without transmitting any information about your FedRAMP environment, it can remain outside of the boundary.
Rule of Thumb 4: The development environment is excluded from the authorization boundary as long as this environment does not process, store, or transmit any federal government data.
According to this guidance, the first step would be to understand where the data resides and where it flows within the system. The next step is to delineate the control responsibility between the underlying provider (IaaS or PaaS) and the customer. Once the CSP is clear on all the components that need protection then the technical, administrative, and management controls can be implemented to protect the data hosted within the information system.
Below are a number of specific questions to consider when defining your authorization boundary:
- Will the boundaries leverage any underlying infrastructure or platform as a service? Does the underlying provider have a FedRAMP ATO at the same or higher level as the respective CSO?
- Is the CSO environment a multi-tenant or a single tenant? If multi-tenant, will the U.S. federal government data reside in the same environment with the data of non-government entities? How are tenants isolated?
- Will multiple tenants share the same VLAN(s)? Are there controls that prevent VLAN hopping?
- Is unique network segmentation used to isolate virtual machine (VM) zones?
- Is traffic encapsulation used?
- How do firewalls provide isolation between tenants?
- Is the CSP using network filters to control packet traffic to or from a VM?
- Is network address translation (NAT) used and how does it play a role in containing network traffic within the boundary?
- Are geo IP location boundaries used?
- Will it be possible for agency tenants to know the geographic location (city, state) where their data is stored?
- How many interconnections do you have? Is there an Interconnection Security Agreement (ISA) in place for each one of them? Do the connecting systems have FedRAMP authorization?
- Which corporate services are you leveraging? Do any of them transmit government data?
Answering all these questions and addressing the rules of thumb offered by the FedRAMP PMO will take some time and effort, but it will be well worth the investment in the long run. A good place to start your journey is with our FedRAMP Tip Sheet, which provides valuable insights into getting started with cloud offerings for the federal market. You can also request a demo of Xacta 360 from Telos, which helps reduce the time and cost needed to achieve and maintain FedRAMP compliance.
The Empower and Protect Blog brings you cybersecurity and information technology insights from top industry experts at Telos. | <urn:uuid:3835364d-dccd-4acc-b54d-dc248682b476> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://multimedia.telos.com/blog/authorization-boundary-is-a-critical-first-step-of-cloud-security/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107891228.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20201026115814-20201026145814-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.921792 | 1,216 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Newborn constipation can be a frustrating and uncomfortable condition for your baby. However, it is generally easy to treat. Newborn constipation is often due to a change in diet such as changing from breastmilk to formula, or changing brands in formula.
What Is Normal?
Your baby's stool will change quite a bit over the first few months of life. There is a wide range of what is considered normal, but if you are concerned that your baby is constipated, you should always talk to your pediatrician first.
The first bowel movements your infant will make are tarry and thick. These are called meconium stools and will only occur a few times before they turn more yellowish and soft. If your baby does not poop during his first 24 hours, consult with a doctor. This could be a sign of something more serious, such as Hirschsprung's Disease or hypothyroidism.
Breastfed infants are rarely constipated because breastmilk is digested very easily by most infants. A newborn who is breastfed should have yellowish-green stools that have a seedy texture. It has been described as looking like seeded mustard. The stools should be very soft and can sometimes even be watery. Your baby may have as many as ten bowel movements a day, or as few as one.
Breastfed infants should have at least one stool a day and may have as many as ten. It is not uncommon for a breastfed infant to have a stool after each feeding. According to the AAP, if your newborn is having less than one stool a day, or the stool is not soft, it may be a sign that he is not getting enough milk.
Formula Fed Infants
Formula fed infants typically have soft stool that is like the consistency of peanut butter. Like breastfed infants, they should have at least one bowel movement a day for the first couple months, although they may have many more.
Signs of Constipation
According to Dr. Sears, if your newborn is having less than one bowel movement a day, and he has any of the following signs, he may be constipated:
- Stools that are firm and happen less than once a day in a newborn
- Your baby seems to be in pain while having a bowel movement
- Stools are pebble-like and hard, and your baby seems to strain while passing them
- Blood on the outside of a hard stool
- Abdominal discomfort accompanied by hard stools and infrequent bowel movements
If your baby is showing any of these signs, you'll want to consult your pediatrician.
In most cases, there are a few things you can try at home to help relieve newborn constipation. If unsure of using a remedy, call your doctor or nurse. Never hesitate to take baby in for an appointment.
Help Your Baby
You can try helping your baby by picking him up when he is grunting and looks like he is trying to make a movement. Picking him up can utilize gravity to help move the stool, and it can be comforting.
Some pediatricians might prescribe Karo syrup. If your pediatrician tells you to give your baby some Karo syrup mixed with his formula, it's important to follow his directions accordingly.
In many instances, the type of formula you are using can cause constipation. If you are noticing a problem, change to a soy-based forumula, or a different brand.
Make Sure Your Baby Is Getting Enough
If your baby is breastfed, make sure he is getting enough milk. If he seems extremely fussy, hungry all the time, and is not gaining weight, consult a lactation consultant or your pediatrician for help in changing your breastfeeding routine to ensure your baby gets enough milk.
Try a Bath or Baby Massage
Sometimes a bath can relax baby, making it easier for him to pass a hard stool. Don't be surpised if baby poops in the bath. A baby massage is another way to help him calm down and relax his muscles. This technique may help him in more ways than one.
Things to Avoid
It used to be that common wisdom advised giving your baby water, juice, or even an enema to help solve constipation. Despite what your grandmother might say, none of these practices are safe or effective to treat newborn constipation. If you cannot help your baby pass stools at home, you should contact your pediatrician. | <urn:uuid:c7ce57c9-d346-4f33-91c2-62c1192ddbc0> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://baby.lovetoknow.com/wiki/Newborn_Constipation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084887414.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20180118131245-20180118151245-00739.warc.gz | en | 0.967135 | 921 | 2.6875 | 3 |
To learn more about all of our writing units, visit our Writing Curriculum Overview.
Before the digital age, writing reviews was largely the job of a small circle of elite flavor makers. That circle still includes critics of the Times, people like Ben Brantley or Pete Wells, who can make or destroy a Broadway show or a restaurant with a single review.
But these days we’re all invited to be reviewers – to rate and comment on everything from books and films to yoga classes and electric toothbrushes. While this type of casual writing provides students with a real audience and purpose, it often doesn’t require the kind of careful reading, deep thought, and meticulous craftsmanship that more formal classroom writing requires.
In this unit, we hope to bridge both of these and prove to students that writing reviews can be fun.
So why should your students read and write art and culture reviews? How can this fit into your curriculum?
First, think about what students need to know and be able to do:
A cultural report is of course a form of argumentative essay. Your class may write about Lizzo or “Looking for Alaska” instead of, say, climate change or gun control, but they still need to make claims and back them up with evidence.
Just as students must in the classroom for this classic, the literary essay, a reviewer of any genre of artistic expression must carefully read (or look at or listen to) a work; analyze and understand their context; and explain what is useful and interesting about it.
It goes without saying that review writers must grapple with the same questions that authors of any text grapple with – how to compose in a voice, style, vocabulary, and tone that fits the subject, audience, and purpose. But when you write a review it’s about influencing people and our unit offers an integrated authentic audience. From our informal writing prompts to our review contest, we encourage students to publish their work for a global audience of teenagers and adults to read.
Our competition allows students to write about any work from any of the 14 expression categories – including movies, music, restaurants, video games, and comedy. To participate, they need to think carefully about the cultural and artistic works that are most important to them and then tell others why. It’s not just a skill they need in school, it’s a mindset that can serve them for a lifetime.
Like all writing units we’ll be releasing this school year, this one brings together a number of flexible resources that you can use as you wish. While you won’t find a rhythm calendar or daily lesson plans, you will find plenty of ways to get your students to read, write, and think.
Here are the elements:
Start with four writing prompts to help students become aware of the role arts and culture play in their lives.
While the teenagers you know may be able to talk passionately about music, movies, food, and fashion, they may never have the formal practice of communicating the complex observations and analysis behind those responses. It is also possible that they have never been pushed to experience forms of art or culture that are new to them.
We hope these four prompts invite you to do both, and encourage you to use our website as a kind of rehearsal room for public reflection:
Whether or not they end up taking part in our contest, we hope your students will have fun answering these questions – and then enjoy reading other students’ papers, commenting, and maybe even pressing the “Recommend” button if you a. read answer that they particularly like.
Students 13 and older are welcome to comment on all of our prompts, and each comment will be read by the Times editors before approval.
Published on an earlier version of our website in 2015, this lesson will help students understand the basics.
What is your experience with reviews?
What role does criticism play in our culture?
What are some guidelines for reading a review?
It can be taught as a whole, or you can just use the elements you need to get your students started.
Read mentor texts from adults and teenagers and try out some of the “writing movements”.
Our related review mentor texts feature 10 pieces, five from Times critics from across the arts and culture departments and five from youthful winners of our previous student review competitions.
Each one focuses on the key elements of this type of writing and is based on the criteria in our competition section:
Like all of our editions of the Mentor Texts series, these include instructions on how to read and analyze the texts themselves, as well as a “Try Now” exercise, which students can use to practice a particular technique or element.
We also have over 25 additional mentoring texts both popular culture students and likely already familiar with – from Ariana Grande to Apple AirPods – review. as well as other works that we think you might like.
The aim of this series is to demystify what good writing looks like and to encourage students to experiment with some of these techniques for themselves.
At the end of the unit, your students will have read several mentor texts, practiced with each and every element of the review writing and hopefully thought carefully about the role of criticism in our society in general.
Now we invite you to play critics and write a polished text that brings it all together.
One reason we launched this competition is to encourage young people to expand their cultural imaginations. We hope they choose a new and interesting work, be it a book, a movie, a TV show, an album, a game, a restaurant, a building, or a live performance. We hope that you will make a careful note of your experience and tell us about it in a committed manner and that you will represent your arguments with voice and style.
All student papers are read by our staff, volunteers from the Times newsroom, and / or educators from across the country. The winners’ work will be published on our website and possibly in the New York Times in print.
What else can you find in this unit?
For quick reference, here are some particularly useful resources that are already embedded in the device but that you may want to use on its own:
All of our previous student winner ratings from 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
This handout of insights from three Times critics about writing reviews.
Finally, you can sign up for our on-demand webinar, How to Teach Review Writing With The New York Times, or view an edited version below. | <urn:uuid:62d1a388-8d59-40eb-9796-c5975bf847d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://lockrecords.com/analyzing-artwork-criticizing-tradition-writing-critiques-with-the-new-york-occasions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320301863.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220120130236-20220120160236-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.951525 | 1,373 | 3.1875 | 3 |
How to Make the Right Side of Your Body as Flexible as the Left
Most people have flexibility differences between the two sides of their body. This asymmetry can come from day-to-day activities. Perhaps you habitually carry your purse or briefcase in one hand, or maybe you always stand with your weight on one foot while waiting in line. This imbalance may also come from regularly playing a particular sport. If you play baseball, golf or racket sports, for instance, you rely more heavily on one side of your body than the other. If you are right-handed, chances are your right side is stronger but less flexible than your left. There are exercises you can perform to increase flexibility on your right side.
Do asymmetrical stretches, or stretches that focus on one side of your body at a time. This will allow you to isolate the less flexible side of your body. For example, when choosing a hamstring stretch, you have several options. If you lie on your back and extend your right leg toward the ceiling, you are focusing the stretch on your right hamstrings. You can make better progress on balancing your flexibility with this stretch than if you stretch both legs simultaneously, as when sitting and reaching to touch both of your feet.
Perform more repetitions on your right side. If you have chosen asymmetrical stretches, you can perform the stretch on the right side of your body an additional time. For example, start your stretch on your right leg. Then alternate left, right, left, right. At the end, you will have performed three stretches on your right leg and two on your left. This additional repetition can help balance your flexibility over time.
Hold the stretch longer on your less flexible side. When stretching the right side of your body, hold the stretch for 40 seconds. On your left side, hold the stretch for 30 seconds. These extra seconds can help increase the flexibility of the muscles on the right side of your body, says Denise Austin, author of "Sculpt Your Body with Balls and Bands."
- Pay attention to your habits during the day. If you always carry your bag in one hand, switch it periodically. If you have a tendency to stand with all of your weight on one foot, make an effort to stand with your weight centered.
- Back Care Basics: A Doctor’s Gentle Yoga Program for Back and Neck Pain Relief; Mary Pullig Schatz
- Anatomy of Hatha Yoga: A Manual for Students, Teachers, and Practitioners; David Coulter
- The Testosterone Advantage Plan; Lou Schuler
- Sculpt Your Body with Balls and Bands; Denise Austin
- Comstock Images/Comstock/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:9ec1a526-9038-4cc5-92af-89f0ee9a254e> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/make-right-side-body-flexible-left-9191.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187820700.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017033641-20171017053641-00361.warc.gz | en | 0.917036 | 551 | 2.640625 | 3 |
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Submerged cultural resource managers have a daunting task; balance the protection of the underwater cultural heritage without denying or unfairly restricting economic development of the coastal zone. Underwater archaeological resources such as historic shipwrecks and submerged prehistoric sites can and have been impacted by fishing, farming, and energy development — both 'traditional' (i.e. hydrocarbon-based) and 'renewable' (i.e. wind, water, and thermal). This paper discusses the numerous stakeholders involved in the utilization of coastal and underwater resources, and how archaeological sites are mapped, managed, mitigated for and preserved within the pursuit of marine resources. | <urn:uuid:cc9f9716-b618-45e2-99d2-64cd220a1e74> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://tethys.pnnl.gov/publications/old-new-threats-submerged-cultural-landscapes-fishing-farming-energy-development | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145897.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224040929-20200224070929-00304.warc.gz | en | 0.926173 | 129 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Five Industries Utilizing 3D Printing
With a plethora of companies using professional 3D printers in their production processes, we want to identify industries that we believe can benefit most from additive manufacturing. By looking at these industries, it’s easy to understand how and why professional 3D printers are changing manufacturing as a whole.
The aerospace industry has some of the highest standards in part performance. Aerospace parts must withstand extreme temperatures and chemicals while being subjected to repeated loading, all while remaining as light as possible. Individual part failures often result in full system failures on aircraft carrying lives and cargo — so failure is simply not an option. Since part precision is critical for aircraft, aerospace engineers have taken to 3D printing inspection tooling to reduce costs for low-volume parts.
In the last few years, additive manufacturing has advanced rapidly, and advancements in the 3D printing industry have developed better solutions for aircraft manufacturers. Professional 3D printers can now print in high-performance thermoplastics reinforced with continuous fiber reinforcement (CFR) for additional strength, such as ULTEM™ 9085 Filament. Furthermore, professional 3D printers are now able to print larger parts at faster speeds, widening the scope of possible aerospace applications for the benefits of AM.
White Paper: Why Additive, Why Now?
The automotive industry has been charging ahead with additive manufacturing, with high-profile companies such as Audi using 3D printers. It’s not just the Audis of the world that are using 3D printers — everything from race car teams to sub manufacturers (OEMs) for each car manufacturer are utilizing 3D printers. Initially, the value of the 3D printing industry reaching automotive manufacturers focused on building the tooling and fixtures that aide the manufacturing process. The most common parts printed by automotive manufacturers are fixtures, cradles, and prototypes, which need to be stiff and strong, as well as durable.
However, professional 3D printers are now used to print high-strength, fiber-reinforced end use parts as well. Garry Rogers Motorsport, for example, uses a professional 3D printer to print numerous end-use parts such as steering wheels.
It’s also not unheard of for some to use professional 3D printers to fabricate replacement parts for centuries-old cars. This ensures there are enough pieces to service legacy cars as well as standard maintenance, repairment, and operations.
From jigs and fixtures all the way to end-of-arm tooling, industrial 3D printers are completely turning the decades-old manufacturing industry on its head. Companies are able to create custom, low-volume tooling and fixtures at a fraction of the traditional price, giving designers and engineers more time to spend on revenue-generating parts. Due to 3D printing industry advances, mall manufacturers get the same advantages with a professional 3D printer as giant, global manufacturers, to improve and expedite processing while mitigating downtime. Companies are also able to have more creative freedom while saving on labor costs and time. Metal fabrication company Lean Machine, for instance, has approached 3D printing with a design for additive manufacturing (DFAM) approach, saving them upwards of $4000 per tool.
From customizability to reduced weight, these factors make successful robotics parts match well with 3D printing capabilities. Parts like grippers and sensor mounts are expensive to fabricate and need to be custom designed for different uses. Robotics engineers utilize 3D printers for end-of-arm tooling and end-use parts, from gripper fingers to entire robot components to reduce the weight of the overall product to ensure the tools can move faster and carry heavier items. Instead of paying large amounts of money for a non-customized design, 3D printing industry technologies allow robotics companies to design and fabricate light, complex parts such as end-of-arm tooling at a fraction of the cost. Haddington Dynamics, for example, is utilizing its four printers to create 3D printed robot arms for NASA and GoogleX for 58% less than traditional manufacturing.
As the 3D printing industry grows, educational institutes are rushing to make sure they stay on the cutting edge of the new technology for research and education purposes. From professors printing parts for educational tools to convey the lesson plan to PhD students utilizing the printers for research, 3D printers serve a variety of purposes in colleges. Colleges like Oklahoma State University and Purdue University in Indiana have taken a great interest in teaching their students about emerging additive manufacturing materials and technology.
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Photo courtesy of the Exploratorium via Flickr.
Ranging from crafts to robotics, a modern culture of DIY “making” is gaining commercial, corporate, and educational traction beyond the niche communities from whence it came.
The Maker Movement, as it’s called, promotes a culture that democratizes innovation, flips consumption on its head, and according optimistic leaders in the field, could spur a third industrial revolution in the future — one of personal manufacturing.
Here’s some AHA! facts to start with to show the size and scope of maker culture:
- 135 million U.S. adults are “makers,” according to broad but widely cited estimates
- Market for 3D-printing and other maker services expected to reach $6 billion by 2017
- Makers fuel businesses pump $29 billion into world economy each year
First things first: What is the Maker Movement?
According to Technopedia and TechShop’s Maker Movement Manifesto (pdf), the Maker Movement is a growing trend in which individuals or groups of individuals — including hackers, crafters, and tinkerers — make, share, and sell unique products using available tools, often in a collaborative setting or for entrepreneurial purposes.[contextly_auto_sidebar id=”6mDisZksqq8oCcG1eQl5aOznW3bjYggJ”]Today’s maker culture is a modern iteration of a long history of DIY (do it yourself) trends.
Take for example the Arts and Crafts movement of the late Victorian period. It rejected industrial labor and the replacement of human workers by machines, and sought to improve the standards for design by putting emphasis on human craftsmanship.
This movement fizzled out in the early 1900s because it was not a viable economic alternative to factories. But it did thrive instead as a hobby among those affluent enough to afford it. This sentiment has been attached to DIY throughout history — “making” as a pastime and recreation rather than a livelihood.
More recently, technological innovations have brought the power back to the people — in essence, democratizing innovation. With the commercialization of computers, anyone could become a hacker. Today, the mass production of tools and technology enables cost-effective individual making, while the Internet enables the sharing, funding, selling, and socializing of ideas and products alike.
Collaborative spaces and communities
This isn’t just about individuals tinkering in their basements, however: behind every great movement is community, collaboration, and a lot of experimentation.
Also known as hackerspaces or fab labs, makerspaces (pdf) are physical locations in which people gather to share resources, network, work on projects, experiment, brainstorm, and learn.
One company called TechShop provides a chain of DIY workplaces nationwide. According to TechShop’s CEO, Mark Hatch, these fully-equipped shared spaces allow entrepreneurs to cut traditional development costs by as much as 98 percent.
Hatch calls the spaces “communities on steroids,” emphasizing how the collaborative ethos and startup-friendly culture builds support for people starting businesses.
The maker community extends online, of course: Maker Media, a global connection platform for makers, is responsible for MAKE magazine, Makezine.com, Maker Shed (and online store) Maker Faire (a growing and award-winning bi-annual event), and a beta social network space called Makerspace.com.
Social media magic
So you’ve got your makers, and you’ve got your space, but it takes the more than just these factors for innovations to truly transcend.
One key aspect that makes today’s Internet-age Maker Movement so special is the impact of social media in spreading and funding ideas, fast.
Websites like Etsy and Quirky act as online marketplaces for DIY products, stores like Inventables as a hardware source, Pinterest and Youtube as tutorial spaces, and crowdfunding websites like Kickstarter as fundraising platforms.
The only issue? Today’s Internet is not as equal opportunity as it purports to be. Given that exposure is oftentimes dependent on Google SEO priority and existing social media followings, competition for exposure is fierce and virality difficult to attain. This is what some call the politics of the attention economy, and it can act as much against aspiring entrepreneurs as it can for them.
Commercial adoption, or radical revolution?
According to the New Yorker, Maker Movement thinkers like Chris Anderson and Kevin Kelly envision a world in which personal manufacturing will “undermine the clout of corporations” and compete with mass retail goods — deinstitutionalization and empowerment of the individual that jives closely with libertarian viewpoints.
But at its heart, if the Maker Movement in theory is a rejection of capitalism in favor of a personal and creative autonomy, therein lies its flaw.
Already, larger corporate companies like GE and Free People, government agencies like DARPA, and universities have emulated the makerspaces that spawned innovative and profitable ideas like the MakerBot 3D-printer, Pebble smartwatch, Coin smart wallet, and more. Other companies have simply acquired such startups, as Facebook did with Oculus Rift VR.
It seems unlikely, then, that the Maker Movement will evolve into a full-scale revolution that undermines either government or capitalism — not yet, anyway — though it may morph society’s approach to consumption over time.
The takeaway: Looking forward
The growth and scope of Maker Movement suggests that it’s transcending ideologies by inching toward the mainstream on many levels, including government, corporate, and importantly, education. With the newest generation of minds exposed to maker-inspired curriculum, maker culture could become integrated into society to the extant that it would no longer qualify as counter-culture.
What would such a maker-made future look like? No one knows for certain. But if, as the Maker Movement Manifesto states, “making is fundamental to what it means to be human,” humanity — and the economy — can only stand to gain from more skilled makers, large and small.
Some AHA! facts to come away with:
- There were over 280,000 Maker Faire attendees in total last year, with a 62 percent rise in attendance from 2009 to 2013.
- It’s projected that by 2018, nearly half of Internet of Things solutions will be provided by startups less than three years old.
- President Obama has expressed hope that future children will be “makers of things, not just consumers of things,” and the White House hosted its own Maker Faire in 2014.
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How talk about the cancer of a child with a kid
Your child may have a friend or cousin who has been diagnosed with cancer. While children may know someone with cancer, usually it’s an adult in their life who is affected (e.g. a grandparent or teacher). It can be confusing and frightening for a child to learn that children can have cancer too.
Causes of cancer
Let the child know that childhood cancers are not lifestyle-related (e.g. caused by sun exposure or smoking), nor does a child get cancer because of naughty behaviour or a minor accident like a bump on the head. There’s nothing anyone did to cause the cancer.
It’s not contagious
Children need to feel safe around the child with cancer. Tell them that cancer can’t be passed on to other people. If the sick child is in isolation, this is to protect the child from infection, not to protect everyone else from the cancer.
Most children get better
Like adults, children may worry that cancer means their friend will die. Reassure children that although cancer is a serious, life-threatening disease, the overall survival rate for children is now more than 80%. This can vary depending on the diagnosis, but most children will survive cancer.
Explain that things will change for the friend. They may feel too tired to play or may be away from school a lot. They may have physical changes (e.g. hair loss, wheelchair). Encourage your child to focus on what hasn’t changed – their friend’s personality and their friendship.
Visit the hospital
Take your child to visit their friend in hospital if you can. It is confusing for your child if the person with cancer disappears from their life after diagnosis. They may imagine the worst. Let them know it’s natural to wonder how to act and what to say, and that the more time they spend with their friend, the more they’ll relax.
Keep in touch
Help your child maintain the relationship with their friend. They may not see each other as often and might not interact in the same way, but there are other ways to keep in touch. For younger children, this could mean making a get well card or a decoration for the hospital room. Older children may prefer to communicate by phone, email or social media.
Let your child know that it’s okay to have lots of different emotions and that you have them too. They need to feel that they can approach you when they want to discuss what they’re going through. It’s also a good chance to discuss ways of coping with difficult emotions.
La Fondation La Roche-Posay and CCI make every effort to ensure that information provided is accurate and up-to-date at time of printing. We do not accept responsibility for information provided by third parties, including those referred to or signposted to in this publication. Information in this publication should be used to supplement appropriate professional or other advice specific to your circumstances. | <urn:uuid:8f98ade9-5572-4534-8edd-86c0cf040516> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.childhood-cancer-support.com/en-eg/article/How-talk-about-the-cancer-of-a-child-with-a-kid/a879.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945368.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325161021-20230325191021-00121.warc.gz | en | 0.962076 | 646 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Saturday, January 1, 2011
Humans! Get Over Yourself!
The greatest absurdity has been the belief that human beings have any influence over the planet on which they live.
The Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the fifth largest of the Solar System’s four terrestrial planets. It is the only planet that sustains life as we know it and humans came late to the party.
The Earth is dated to be 4.5 billion years old in a universe that is increasingly believed to have always existed, despite the Big Bang theory. Such evidence as exists suggests it is the only planet that has given rise to the evolution of life from self-replicating molecules, starting around 4 billion years ago.
Scientists have given names to the various periods of time of the Earth’s existence. These include the oldest, the Devonian, followed by the Silurian, Ordovician, Cambrian, Paleocene, Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Permian among others.
Robert W. Felix, in his book, “Magnetic Reversals and Evolutionary Leaps”, notes that “For all intents and purposes, though, life on Earth began about 580 million years ago at the beginning of the Cambrian Period, when new life suddenly exploded across the Earth.”
“A dizzying burst of shelled forms took place, and virtually all major forms of animal life.” This is known as the Cambrian explosion and Felix notes there was an “abrupt change from simple life forms to more advanced. No one knows how or why it happened. What we do know is that the pattern has always been the same—sudden—always sudden.”
What we do know is that mass extinctions have marked every period since the Earth’s beginning. Following the Cambrian explosion around 535 million years ago there have been at least five major mass extinctions, all pre-dated the existence of mankind. Indeed, mankind didn’t begin to gain traction as a species until the end of the last continental glaciation—ice age—about 10,000 years ago.
The Archaic Homo sapiens, anatomically human, date back about 500,000 years, but what we regard as modern humans did not make an appearance until 200,000 years ago and the earliest indicators of anything resembling Homo sapien sapiens, humanity, date back a mere 35,000 years ago.
Civilization is defined in a variety of ways, but is usually dated to the development of agriculture and the organization of human life around villages and cities. The Jews date their history back 3,500 years, but some date their arrival to 5,000 years ago. The last ice age ended about 10,000 years ago, so humans as we know ourselves didn’t begin until well after that event.
We are now 11,500 years since the last ice age and the next one is due any day now. The Earth has been in one of its cyclical cooling periods for a decade, the result of less solar activity, also a cyclical event.
Humans, you need to stop worrying about “controlling” carbon dioxide and stop passing laws to reduce its emissions. As far as the atmosphere is concerned CO2 is 3.618% and man-made CO2 is even more miniscule, only 0.117%. Without CO2 we and everything else dies.
As the late Dixie Lee Ray, former chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, noted, “Such increases (of CO2) have occurred in the past without any help from us at all, and this time is probably no different. Most likely, the causes were and still are colossal cosmic forces quite outside human ability to control.”
The Earth’s atmosphere is composed primarily of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Water vapor is being constantly recycled from the atmosphere to the Earth and absent the atmosphere no life would exist on Earth.
The other major factor affecting our lives is the Earth’s magnetic fields. The magnetic poles drift and periodically reverse. The magnetosphere deflects particles in the solar wind. The collision between the magnetic field and the solar winds forms the Van Allen radiation belts that protect the Earth.
The most recent magnetic reversal occurred approximately 700,000 years ago and reversals appear to occur in sync with ice ages and with the procession of the equinoxes.
We just experienced a winter solstice, one of the equinoxes marking the seasons as the Earth hurtles through space, circumnavigating the Sun, completely indifferent to human beings and all other life. In the southern hemisphere, they had a summer solstice.
As the human race continues to grow in numbers; it reached 6,803,000,000 by the end of 2007 and is projected to reach seven billion by 2013, it is worth keeping in mind that only 13.3% of the Earth surface is arable; which is to say is available for growing crops that in turn feed us and the livestock we grow.
Only about one-eighth of the Earth’s surface is suitable for humans to live on. Three-quarters is covered by oceans, while half of the land area is either desert (14%), high mountains (27%) or unsuitable unless you are an Eskimo or Bedouin. Most of us live in or near cities.
The relatively short history of humans demonstrates a capacity for violence documented in myths, the Bible, and recorded documentation of wars without end.
There is little evidence that murder, individual and organized, for any reason or no reason will end. The primary change of the last century was the development of nuclear weapons to destroy humans in numbers that defy the imagination.
So, humans, get over yourself!
You do not control the biosphere of life on Earth. You do not control its natural calamities. Your attempts at governance are fought with conflict, conquest, and oppression.
After the next magnetic reversal, the survivors—if there are any—will likely learn nothing from the experience.
© Alan Caruba, 2011
Posted by Alan Caruba at 2:20 PM
Labels: Earth climate, human race
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The last sentence basically says it all. Chances are they will not in fact learn anything as has been proven now with the current population here in the states. For whatever reason, man refuses to learn from history. We just go making the same mistakes over and over. Why is that?
Another thought provoking article.
Happy New Year!
I'm certain the warmist cult is motivated by their fundamental
desire for control of civilization by elites. The rest of us are too dumb to be allowed to live our lives according to our God-given freedoms.
Close, Alan. The percentage of CO2 is 0.0385%, about 385 parts per million.
CO2 is a "trace gas", which means that there is almost none of it in our atmosphere. Even 4 times almost nothing has a value of almost nothing, and a factor in temperature change of almost nothing.
There are more than a couple of significant probabilities which humans should be worried about, and preparing to deal with, and you have named one of the most important . . . a reversion back to at least a little ice age, which itself was warmer than most of the history of Earth. If another little ice age occurs, a huge number of humans will certainly perish from the Earth.
Thanks again for writing such informative articles, and focusing on what is really of significance.
As George Bernard Shaw said, "We learn from history that we learn nothing from history." It seems that some things are very resistant to positive change.
Laurence M. Sheehan, PE
@Alan: I think the Kingston Trio performed your article in a song:
They're rioting in Africa. They're starving in
Spain. There's hurricanes in Florida and Texas
needs rain. The whole world is festering with
unhappy souls. The French hate the Germans. The
Germans hate the Poles. Italians hate Yugoslavs.
South Africans hate the Dutch and I don't like
anybody very much! But we can be tranquil and
thankful and proud for man's been endowed with a
mushroom shaped cloud. And we know for certain
that some lovely day someone will set the spark
off and we will all be blown away. They're rioting
in Africa. There's strife in Iran. What nature
doesn't do to us will be done by our fellow man.
Alan, the concentration of CO2 in Earth's atmosphere is about 385 parts per million.
385/1,000,000 X 25,000 = 9.625.
CO2 concentration of atmospheric CO2 equivalent is less than 10 gallons of water in a 25,000 gallon swimming pool.
A physical experiment is in order.
Find a swimming pool of 25,000 gallons capacity, quite common, temperature of about 60 degrees F. Pour in 10 gallons of boiling water. Mix well (running the filter for a bit will do), and shout out, "Guys and gals, I just warmed up the swimming pool, jump right in!" See the results for yourself. Best find a place to hide for a bit.
Pouring in 10 gallons of boiling water each day won't make a noticable change in the temperature of that swimming pool.
Engineer's analysis of the situation. Clear cut, and understandable, terms most anyone could understand.
I can hear the motormouth warmists: "But, but, but, but, but . . . "
Laurence M. Sheehan, PE
Ah, yes. The Eocene, the dawn. The Oligocene came later, and then the more modern Miocene. Now we have the recent, or Obscene.
Just one other thought here. As you said, another ice age is due be it a big one or a mini-ice age (which, by all studies I've seen is overdue). With this being the coldest December on record in Great Britain and if I'm remembering some of the stuff I've seen correctly, weren't the first signs of the last mini-ice age first felt in Great Britain and Europe? Again, more possible proof that the Earth is just in it's normal cooling/heating cycle as it has always been.
Does it seem increasingly like, it's Now...or Never...? Thank you! Mr. Caruba for your -as always- erudite thinking and writing.
@Joetote: Sorry, but I lack the knowledge to say whether a mini ice age started in Europe or not. Most certainly it affectd both Europe and the US. Napoleon's war on Russia was curtailed by it and soldiers at Valley Forge felt the brunt of it too.
@glendamay: Since human life is short at best, one could say we're all doomed. So, party hardy! :-)
I just love all the mind boggling numbers thrown around regarding trying to date the earth and human beings. Boy, the evolutions sure have lots of people confused. Just curious as to where all the millions and millions of transition fossil forms are, given the billions of years for evolution??? We know that human communication originated around 6000+ years ago....why did it take us so long?
A blogpost like this needs a video like this...courtesy of George Carlin.
@midcenturyman: There may not be "transition fossils" due to the swiftness of transitions following magnetic reversals. Recommend you read Robert Felix's book on the subject. Frankly, I am just guessing because such matters are outside of any expertise I have on the subject.
@Robert Birch. That is one of my favorite YouTube memories of George Carlin. I keep it on my computer to visit every so often. Everybody should check it out!
If someone dumped 10 gallons of urine in a 25,000 gallon pool everyday, would anyone want to get in it nevermind getting a mouthful? It's not an insignificant amount.
@Will. Apparently you are unaware that in American we have systems in place to clean the water people use to drink, wash, and cook with.
Your analogy doesn't hold up.
Larry Old Timer,
I enjoyed your analysis regarding the volume of CO2 and what it all means in the real world. I will be using that information in my weekly newsletter this week and in my blog, Paradigms and Demographics, in some future article. I hope this is acceptable to you. Good job!
@Larry: You can link over to Rich's blog, Paradigns and Demographics, direct from this blog. It is on my list of favorite sites.
Alan, think what you will. I did not bring up the swimming pool analagy, Mr. Sheehan did. His point was that adding 10 gallons of heated water into 25,000 gallons was insignificant; I simply took a view from another perspective to point out that 10 gallons in 25,000 is significant depending on the pollutant being poured in. I respectfully submit that the analgy does hold up. Fossil fuels add more to the atmosphere than just CO2. Nuclear is the way to go but I don't hear much talk in DC or anywhere else about that. Anyways, I enjoy your blog and read it daily. Your essays are factual, well thought out, and well written. I'm with you on the global warming farce and on most everything else you opine.
Post a Comment | <urn:uuid:df6b8c2c-94b5-4339-b2f7-8d9ae0c89b7b> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://factsnotfantasy.blogspot.com/2011/01/humans-get-over-yourself.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224645089.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530032334-20230530062334-00206.warc.gz | en | 0.949255 | 2,859 | 2.90625 | 3 |
is an eleven-acre estate developed circa 1926 by John J. and Eva Porter. This property was a part of the original holdings of the East Jordan Lumber Company owned by John Porter’s father, William P. Porter. Organized in 1888, the company began manufacturing cedar shingles in 1890. By 1912 it operated two sawmills and a maple flooring plant. It made lumbering the leading industry in East Jordan until the last of the company’s mills closed in 1928. John Porter directed the sales department. Recognizing the need for an alternative source of employment as the lumbering era came to an end, the Porters formed the East Jordan Canning Company. From 1927 into the 1970s, the company processed and marketed the region’s produce. John Porter became its president in 1931.
The house, designed by Grand Rapids architect J. Alexander McColl, was constructed of lumber milled by the East Jordan Lumber Company. An unusual, contemporary version of Colonial architecture, the house provided a showcase for the company’s products when the Porters entertained clients. Robert W. and Augustine Allen purchased the estate in 1942 to use as a summer home. They built the lodge (museum) in the early 1940s. In 1972 Augustine Allen Westgate donated the property with many of its original furnishings to the city of East Jordan. The Portside Art and Historical Society’s museum was established here in 1976. Elm Pointe was designated a Michigan Historic Site (#2004) in 1999. Elm Pointe and the house are available for rental; contact East Jordan City Hall, 231-536-3381, for more information. | <urn:uuid:166e94eb-734d-457b-a218-527eccf28602> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://portsideartsfair.org/elm-pointe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886964.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117193009-20180117213009-00279.warc.gz | en | 0.951756 | 340 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Pie is a favorite dessert, particularly in the United States, where it is considered as American as . . . well, apple pie! In light of KCRW’s annual Good Food Pie Contest happening at LACMA this Saturday, September 7, we thought it’d be apropos to look at LACMA’s holdings of works that might have accompanied sweet treats. The possibilities are endless, but here are some especially striking objects from 18th- and 19th-century Europe and colonial America that tell the story of how people enjoyed dessert.
If this gold tea and coffee service looks like it is fit for royalty, that’s because it is. Or was. It is believed to have been commissioned by the Russian imperial court and was created in 1825 by Johann Wilhelm Keibel, one of the court’s primary jewelers. Hard to imagine, but it is solid gold, with ivory handles. Its style is known as Neoclassical, a movement that hearkens to the scroll work and other ornamental designs of Greek and Roman antiquity. Adorning the taller coffee pot as well as the teapot are spouts resembling fantastical creatures; the lids all have beautifully ornamented decoration; and the sugar bowl has “pawed feet.” The entire ensemble is as intricately detailed as beautiful pieces of jewelry. These pieces call for the best manners when sitting down to tea and dessert.
The French raised the quality of European tea and coffee wares to a new level in the first part of the 18th century. After unsuccessfully trying to replicate the beautiful porcelain that had been imported into Europe for centuries via the famous Silk Road through Asia, Europeans finally learned the secret ingredient (kaolin clay) and began making true porcelain of their own. This service was made in Sèvres, one of the chief manufacturing centers for French porcelain. All handmade and hand painted, of course, the detailing and artistry are astounding. Visitors to the museum regularly exclaim over the gorgeously ornamented lids and exquisitely painted decorations.
The English aristocracy did their part in turning dessert service into a high art form. This centerpiece, or epergne, created in 1763–74 by silversmith Thomas Pitts, not only adorned a table, but had a practical purpose: its basket (at center) probably held fresh fruit, which was considered an exotic delicacy in the days before refrigeration. (Note the pineapple finial crowning the epergne, a symbol of luxury goods coming in from foreign lands.) The smaller surrounding baskets held nuts, condiments, and candies. Dinner guests would help themselves. From today’s perspective, self-service is expected, however, in the 18th century, this centerpiece was considered a labor-saving device and was sometimes even referred to as a “machine.”
Colonial Americans were no slouches when it came to manners and customs. They might have been less flashy than their British cousins (many colonists were descended from Puritans, after all), but some accumulated sufficient wealth, which afforded them luxury goods. This dessert (or tea) table, known as a “China table,” is an excellent example. Tea service was a center of social activity in an affluent 18th-century household, and such tables attested to one’s high social standing, since their presence indicated of knowledge of the latest customs from England. This one, made of mahogany (highly prized—and expensive—in colonial America) was made in New England, and its design came from a design book by the well-known English designer, Thomas Chippendale. Not as tall as today’s dining tables, it would have been placed in the most impressive room in the home.
To this day, Americans practice a wide variety of customs when it comes to closing a meal with a beverage and, often, a dessert. There’s a reason why we call a “coffee table” as such, as guests usually move from the kitchen or dining room to another room to enjoy after-dinner libations and conversation. Come to LACMA this Saturday to enjoy the Good Food Pie Contest—and check out the galleries, where you will find these beautiful art works on the third floor of the Art of the Americas Building and the third floors of the Hammer and Ahmanson buildings.
Mary Lenihan, director of adult programs, education and public programs | <urn:uuid:c5212d83-6b7d-4c8d-b3af-0bb253c4d1b2> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://lacma.wordpress.com/2013/09/04/good-food-pie-contest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609525991.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005205-00103-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972731 | 928 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Find over 200 print-friendly fact sheets about heart disease and related health topics.
Thyroid cancer is a
disease that you get when abnormal cells begin to grow in your
thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is shaped like a butterfly and is located in
the front of your neck. It makes hormones that regulate the way your body uses
energy and that help your body work normally.
Thyroid cancer is an
uncommon type of cancer. Most people who have it do very well, because the
cancer is usually found early and the treatments work well. After it is
treated, thyroid cancer may come back, sometimes many years after
Experts don't know what causes thyroid cancer. But like other cancers, changes in the DNA of your cells seem to play a role. These DNA changes may include changes that are inherited as well as those that happen as you get older.
People who have been
exposed to a lot of radiation have a greater chance of getting thyroid cancer.
dental X-ray now and then will not increase your chance of getting thyroid
cancer. But past
radiation treatment of your head, neck, or chest
(especially during childhood) can put you at risk of getting thyroid cancer.
Thyroid cancer can cause
Some people may not have any symptoms. Their doctors may
find a lump or
nodule in the neck during a routine physical
If you have a
lump in your neck that could be thyroid cancer, your doctor may do a
biopsy of your thyroid gland to check for cancer
cells. A biopsy is a simple procedure in which a small piece of the thyroid
tissue is removed, usually with a needle, and then checked.
Sometimes the results of a biopsy are not clear. In this case, you may
need surgery to remove all or part of your thyroid gland before you find out if
you have thyroid cancer.
Thyroid cancer is treated with
surgery and often with radioactive iodine. It rarely needs
radiation therapy or
chemotherapy. What treatment you need depends on your
age, the type of thyroid cancer you have, and the
stage of your disease. Stage refers to how severe the
disease is and how far, if at all, the cancer has spread.
doctor may also remove lymph nodes in your neck to see if cancer has spread
beyond the thyroid.
Finding out that you have cancer can be overwhelming. It's common to feel scared, sad, or even angry. Talking to others who have had thyroid cancer may help. Ask your doctor about cancer support groups in your area.
Most thyroid cancer cannot
One rare type of thyroid cancer, called
medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), runs in families. A genetic test can tell you
if you have a greater chance of getting MTC. If this test shows that you have
an increased risk, you can have your thyroid gland removed to prevent thyroid
cancer later in life.
Learning about thyroid cancer:
Living with thyroid cancer:
Experts don't know what causes thyroid cancer. Like other cancers, changes in the DNA of your cells seem to play a role. These DNA changes may include changes that are inherited as well as those that happen as you get older.
One rare type of thyroid cancer, which is called
medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), runs in families. You
can inherit a specific
gene that increases your risk for
Thyroid cancer can cause many symptoms,
Some people may not have any symptoms. Their doctors may
find a lump or nodule in the neck during a routine physical exam.
is a disease that occurs when abnormal cells begin to grow in the
thyroid gland. You may notice a lump in your neck and
then go to your doctor. Or your doctor may notice a lump during a routine
physical exam or on an imaging test that you are having for another health
Thyroid cancer is usually found before the cancer has
spread very far. This means that most people who are treated for thyroid cancer
do very well. After it is treated, thyroid cancer may come back, sometimes many
years after treatment.
Before starting your treatment, your
doctor needs to find out which type of thyroid cancer you have. A
biopsy can identify your type of cancer. During a
biopsy, a small piece of thyroid tissue is removed, usually with a fine needle. The
thyroid tissue cells are then examined under a microscope.
also important to find out the
stage of your cancer. Staging is a way for your doctor
to tell how far, if at all, the cancer has spread. It also helps your doctor
decide what kind of treatment you need. Staging generally depends on the results of your radioactive iodine scan.
If you have your thyroid
gland surgically removed, you will probably need to take thyroid hormone medicine for the rest of your life to replace the hormones that were made by your thyroid. Taking it will help regulate your
metabolism and other body functions.
A risk factor for thyroid cancer is something that increases your chance of getting this cancer. Having one or more of these risk factors can make it more likely that you will get thyroid cancer. But it doesn't mean that you will definitely get it. And many people who get thyroid cancer don't have any of these risk factors.
The most common risk factors for thyroid cancer include:
Call your doctor if you have any
of the following symptoms:
Health professionals who can evaluate your symptoms
and help determine your risk for thyroid cancer include:
Thyroid cancer is usually treated by endocrinologists,
nuclear medicine specialists,
medical oncologists, and
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
In order to diagnose
thyroid cancer, your doctor will ask about your
medical history and do a
Your doctor may check your vocal cords using a thin tube-like instrument that has a light (laryngoscope).
Your doctor may order a
CT scan or an
ultrasound to get a better look at your thyroid. If
your doctor thinks that the lump or nodule could be cancerous, he or she may
fine needle biopsy of the thyroid gland.
You may also
have blood tests to check the levels of your thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), serum calcitonin, or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).
Other tests may be done before, during, or after your
treatment for thyroid cancer.
In some cases, an MRI, a chest X-ray, a CT scan, or a
PET scan may be done.
If you have
medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), a
CT scan of the chest and belly and a
bone scan may also be needed.
At this time there are not any screening tests for thyroid cancer that work well for people at average risk. Talk to your doctor about whether you need
to be screened for thyroid cancer.
People who have a family
history of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) may want to have a
genetic test to look for a gene change called an RET
mutation. Before you have the test, it is a good idea to talk with a
genetic counselor. He or she can help you understand
what your test results may mean.
The goal of treatment
for thyroid cancer is to get rid of the cancer cells in your body. How this is
done depends on your age, the
type of thyroid cancer you have, the
stage of your cancer, and your general health.
Most people have surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.
Sometimes a suspicious lump or
nodule has to be surgically removed before you will
know if you have cancer or not.
After surgery, you may need
treatment with radioactive iodine to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue. When
you no longer have all or part of your thyroid gland, you will probably need to
take thyroid hormone medicines for the rest of your life. These medicines
replace necessary hormones that are normally made by the thyroid gland and
prevent you from having
hypothyroidism—too little thyroid hormone.
information on hypothyroidism, see the topic
Your treatment for
thyroid cancer may include:
If thyroid cancer is
advanced when it is diagnosed, initial treatment may also include
After treatment for
thyroid cancer, you may need to take
thyroid hormone medicine for the rest of your life to
replace the hormones that your body no longer makes. You will also need
follow-up visits with your doctor every 6 to 12 months. In addition to
scheduling regular visits, be sure to call your doctor if you notice another
lump in your neck or if you have trouble breathing or swallowing.
At your follow-up visits, your doctor may order a blood test to measure your
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level. This test
helps your doctor know if you are taking the right amount of thyroid hormone
medicine. Your doctor may order other tests, such as a
radioiodine scan, X-rays,
or a CT scan.
The side effects of surgery for thyroid cancer are usually mild and last a couple of days. Your doctor will talk to you about medicine you can take if you are having pain. You will likely need to take
thyroid hormone medicine for the rest of your life to
replace the hormones that your body no longer makes.
The most important side effect of radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) is that you will become radioactive for a period of time. Your doctor will give you written instructions to follow to prevent exposing others to radiation. For more information, see Radioactive Iodine.
Thyroid hormone therapy rarely causes side effects when you have the right dose. Too much or too little thyroid hormone can cause side effects.
Taking high doses of thyroid hormone may cause a rapid or irregular heartbeat. High doses taken over time may also cause weakness in your bones (osteoporosis).
Home treatment may help you manage your side effects.
Thyroid cancer may come back (recur). If thyroid
cancer does recur, it may be found during a physical exam, on an ultrasound, or
as a result of increasing
thyroglobulin levels. Unlike other types of recurrent
cancer, recurrent thyroid cancer is often cured, especially if it has spread
only to the
lymph nodes in the neck.
Recurrent thyroid cancer or
thyroid cancer that has spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body may be treated with surgery, radioactive iodine, or chemotherapy.
Your doctor may talk to you about being in a clinical trial. For some people with thyroid cancer, taking part in a clinical trial may be the best treatment choice. Clinical trials for thyroid cancer are looking at targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Your doctor may talk to you about palliative care. This is medical care that provides an extra layer of support for people with serious and chronic illnesses. With palliative care, you have the help of a medical team to manage your symptoms, pain, and stress. For more information, see the topic Palliative Care.
Additional information about thyroid cancer is provided by the National Cancer Institute at www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/thyroid.
Most cases of thyroid cancer cannot be prevented.
You may be much more likely to get medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) if you have a gene carried by some families. A
genetic test can show if you carry this gene. If your test is positive for the gene, you may want to talk with your doctor about having your thyroid removed to prevent getting thyroid cancer later in life.
There are certain things you can do to
feel better or to reduce the side effects of your treatment for
thyroid cancer. Healthy habits such as eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep and exercise may help control your symptoms. If you have chemotherapy, your doctor may also give you medicines to control and prevent nausea and vomiting.
You can try home treatments:
Having cancer can be very stressful, and it may feel overwhelming to face the challenges in front of you. Finding new ways of coping with the symptoms of stress may improve your overall quality of life. These ideas may help:
Having cancer can change your life in many ways. For support in managing these changes, see the topic
Getting Support When You Have Cancer.
thyroid cancer is generally treated with surgery,
medicines may also be needed to treat the cancer and to replace thyroid
Medicines to treat thyroid cancer include:
After you have your thyroid
surgically removed, you may have to wait several weeks before you have
radioactive iodine treatment to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue. During
the waiting period, you may have symptoms of hypothyroidism such as fatigue,
weakness, weight gain, depression, memory problems, or constipation.
doctor may also put you on a low-iodine diet before treating you with radioactive iodine. If you are
on a low-iodine diet, you cannot eat foods that contain a lot of iodine, such
as seafood and baked goods. Depleting your body of iodine may make radioactive
iodine treatment more effective, because your cells become "hungry" for
After surgery, you may need to take thyroid hormone replacement pills for the rest of your life. Taking these pills rarely causes side effects if you are taking the right amount. But too much thyroid hormone can cause you to feel hot and sweaty. It can also cause weight loss, a fast heart rate, chest pain, cramps, or diarrhea. And too little thyroid hormone can cause you to feel cold and tired. It can also cause weight gain, dry skin, or dry hair.1
Most people with thyroid cancer have surgery to remove the cancer. You may have part or all of your thyroid removed.
The kind of surgery you have may depend on your age, the type of cancer you have, how much the cancer has spread, and your general health.
During surgery, lymph nodes in the neck may also be
removed and tested for cancer cells (lymphadenectomy). If thyroid cancer has spread to the lymph
radioactive iodine will be used to destroy the
remaining cancer cells.
Most thyroid cancers grow and
spread so slowly that you can delay surgery for a short time if you need to. If
you choose to postpone surgery, your thyroid cancer should be watched closely
Surgery to remove only
the part of the thyroid gland that contains cancer (lobectomy) is less
complicated than total thyroidectomy and less likely to lead to hypothyroidism.
But thyroid cancer comes back (recurs) after lobectomy more often than it does
after total thyroidectomy.
If you and your doctor decide that you need surgery, it is important to have the procedure done by a highly skilled surgeon at a hospital that has a good success rate. There are fewer problems from surgery when a person has a skilled and experienced surgeon.2
Radiation treatment uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. It is rarely used for thyroid cancer.
People sometimes use complementary therapies
along with medical treatment to help relieve symptoms and side effects of
cancer treatments. Some of the complementary therapies that may be helpful
These mind-body treatments may help you feel better. They can make it easier to cope with treatment. They also may reduce chronic low back pain, joint pain, headaches, and pain from treatments.
Before you try a complementary therapy, talk to your doctor about the possible value and potential side effects. Let your doctor know if you are already using any such therapies. They are not meant to take the place of standard medical treatment.
The American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck
Surgery (AAO-HNS) is the world's largest organization of physicians dedicated
to the care of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders. Its Web site includes
information for the general public on ENT disorders.
The American Cancer Society (ACS) conducts educational
programs and offers many services to people with cancer and to their families.
Staff at the toll-free number have information about services and activities
in local areas and can provide referrals to local ACS divisions.
The American Thyroid Association promotes scientific and public
understanding of thyroid disorders. It publishes a monthly journal and manages
a Web site.
Cancer.Net is the information website of the American
Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) for people living with cancer and for those
who care for them. ASCO is the world's leading professional organization
representing physicians of all oncology subspecialties. Cancer.Net provides
current oncologist-approved information on living with cancer.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is a U.S. government
agency that provides up-to-date information about the prevention, detection,
and treatment of cancer. NCI also offers supportive care to people who have cancer
and to their families. NCI information is also available to doctors, nurses,
and other health professionals. NCI provides the latest information about
clinical trials. The Cancer Information Service, a service of NCI, has trained
staff members available to answer questions and send free publications.
Spanish-speaking staff members are also available.
CitationsNational Cancer Institute (2007). What You Need to Know About Thyroid Cancer (NIH Publication No. 07-4994). Available online: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/thyroid.National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2011). Thyroid carcinoma. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, version 2. Available online: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thyroid.pdf.Other Works ConsultedAmerican Cancer Society (2011). Cancer Facts and Figures 2011. Atlanta: American Cancer Society. Available online: http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@epidemiologysurveilance/documents/document/acspc-029771.pdf.American Thyroid Association Guidelines Taskforce (2009). Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid, 19(11): 1167–1214. Also available online: http://thyroidguidelines.net/revised/taskforce.Cooper DS, et al. (2007). The thyroid gland. In DG Gardner, D Shoback, eds., Greenspan's Basic and Clinical Endocrinology, 8th ed., pp. 209–280. New York: McGraw-Hill.National Cancer Institute (2011). Thyroid Cancer (PDQ): Treatment—Health Professional Version. Available online: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/thyroid/HealthProfessional.
July 27, 2011
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Matthew I. Kim, MD - Endocrinology
To learn more visit Healthwise.org
© 1995-2012 Healthwise, Incorporated. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. | <urn:uuid:6083840c-4f88-45a5-ab3b-439ee4237e4f> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | https://www.cardiosmart.org/healthwise/tv76/60/tv7660 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936462751.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00010-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928565 | 4,045 | 3.375 | 3 |
Coaltar (Dehydrated) is a thick dark liquid which is a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal.
It is a complex mixture of phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and compounds.
Coaltar is used Only in making High Tensile Reclaim Rubber.
It boosts the much needed Tensile Strength in High Tensile Reclaim Rubber & also used as a softening solvent in the manufacturing of Reclaim rubber.
It enhances the Tensile of Reclaim Rubber to a great extent and is a must ingredient for manufacturing High Tensile Reclaim Rubber.
- With high viscosity and a smell of naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons, coal tar is used in making high tensile reclaim rubber.
- It provides an improved processing material that can be broken up conveniently for dispersion of reclaimed rubber.
- Providing higher tensile and elongation, it not only improves the physical properties of the final product but also gives the reclaimed rubber the desired characteristics of a Higher Tensile Reclaim Rubber. | <urn:uuid:2c336043-b7ae-418c-804e-c26c1128ae3f> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | http://starpolyrubber.com/coal-tar-dehydrated/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585025.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20211016200444-20211016230444-00636.warc.gz | en | 0.878214 | 226 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Black people in Britain suffer from higher unemployment than those in the US because of a failure to address social inequality in the labour market, according to new research.
Joblessness among the black population in the UK stood at 18 per cent last year, compared with 15 per cent in the US, the British Sociological Association reports today.
The disparity also held during the two previous recessions: 24 per cent in Britain compared with America's 17 per cent in the 1980s, and 28 per cent to 13 per cent in the early 1990s.
Professor Yaojun Li from the University of Manchester said the figures were "a fairly strong indication that the flexible labour market politics adopted in Britain in the last few decades [had not protected] the minority ethnic groups against the repercussions of recessions."
It was US affirmative action programmes and federal recruitment policies, he thought, that had ensured that unemployment had not hit American black people as badly as their British counterparts.
The study also suggested that young people in the UK are suffering more than those across the Atlantic. Unemployment in Britain for those aged 16 to 24 was 15 per cent last year, 3 per cent higher than in the US. Once again, it was also higher during the preceding two recessions.Reuse content | <urn:uuid:cab6d57a-def2-4892-aaac-cd394b30ed57> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/black-people-in-britain-more-likely-to-be-unemployed-than-those-in-us-7640694.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738659753.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173739-00043-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970858 | 253 | 2.703125 | 3 |
If prevented planting acres left you with unused treated soybean seed, think twice before holding that seed for planting next year.
Because of their oil content, soybeans are not as stable as corn in storage, which is why seed companies are reluctant to accept treated-soybean seed returns. “It’s hard to store soybeans for even just a year and have confidence that you will get good germination,” explains Kris Ehler, a sales agronomist with Ehler Bros., a family seed and crop consulting company in Illinois.
In fact, an Iowa State University study found that soybean seed germination rates dropped below 20% after 16 months in a warehouse with no climate control.
Moreover, treated soybean seeds generally contain some combination of pesticides, usually a fungicide and insecticide. That means growers cannot send them into the commodity stream for food, feed, oil processing or export.
Nor can growers discard them casually; they have to follow federal and state regulations on the disposal of treated seed, notes the Pesticide Environmental Stewardship (PES), an industry and university-led group that advises on safe pesticide management. Do not try to broadcast or spread the seed at a high seeding rate and then incorporate it; this risky strategy could leave seed exposed or violate the label of certain seed treatment active ingredients, the PES warns. Composting pesticide-treated seed or burning it in a home or shop stove is also illegal and unsafe.
So, what are your options? It boils down to these four: store, plant, bury or destroy, experts agree.
THE RISKS OF STORAGE
When attempting to store treated soybeans, cool and dry conditions are best. If both are not possible, dryness is the most important factor, explains Susana Goggi, a seed scientist with Iowa State University.
Back in 2013, Goggi conducted a study to evaluate how well treated and untreated soybeans handled storage. She found that both treated and untreated beans required near-ideal storage conditions--a controlled climate of 50ËšF and 50% relative humidity--and high starting quality of the beans to maintain their germination rates above 90% for 20 months.
P D[x] M[x] OOP[F] ADUNIT T
When the soybean seed was kept in a warehouse with no climate control, germination rates dropped
to 80% in 12 months and fell quickly below 20% by 16 months.
Keep in mind that growers storing seed in 2019 would likely see much lower germination rates than this study produced because of the lower starting quality of the soybean seed out there, cautions Ohio State University Extension plant pathologist Anne Dorrance.
“The issue is that a lot of soybean seed from 2018 was really poor quality,” she says. “We had reports from all my counterparts across the Midwest seeing high levels of Phomopsis and Diaporthe infections in soybean seed.” Seed lots with 80 to 85% germination rates were not uncommon this spring, and they have already endured months in storage.
POSSIBLE PROS OF STORAGE
Nonetheless, if you have a significant amount of unused treated soybean seed, you could possibly recapture some of its value by storing it for the spring of 2020 rather than taking a complete loss on it, Ehler says.
“You would need to find the most consistent environment you can, such as an insulated or air-conditioned shed,” he says. “In February, pull samples, get a germination test and find out what you’ve got.” Even germination rates as low as 75% could be blended with higher-quality soybean seed of the same maturity group next year, he notes. At germination rates below 50%, the seed is probably no longer worth your time and resources to plant, Goggi believes.
Growers can also rent space in a storage facility with controlled temperature and humidity. “You’ll have to calculate: ‘If my germination drops to this level, I will have to bump my seeding rate to this level, and will it cost me that much money versus what it costs for this controlled environment,’” Ehler advises.
If your treated seed is stored in bins, Goggi recommends sampling from the middle of the bin, not the top. “Skim the top part of the seed off, and take a sample from deeper in the bin, where there is going to be less fluctuation in temperature and relative humidity, and use that to determine germination,” she says. Using the same logic, sample germination rates from both outside bags and inner bags when evaluating the viability of seed stored in a large pile of paper bags.
PLANT, BURY OR BURN
If you must dispose of treated seed, first check the label. Seed treatment active ingredients may come with a host of specific restrictions on disposal. Your state pesticide regulators might have their own rules, too. You can find their contacts at aapco.org/2015/07/28/resources-2. Then consider the following:
> Plant it: Small quantities of leftover treated seed can be planted at proper seeding depths into “fallow or other noncropped areas of the farm,” according to the PES. Increasing soybean seeding rates to accommodate for late planting and lower germination rates could also help use up excess soybean seed, Ehler notes.
> Make it a cover crop: Soybeans can double as a cover crop, but only if your insurance company agrees. Consult with an insurance agent first.
> Bury it: Seed burial is an option, but only if it is allowed by the label, and if growers avoid burying it near water sources.
> Outsource it: Some state municipal landfills can dispose of treated seed as hazardous waste. Other facilities can incinerate them, such as waste-management facilities, power plants, cement kilns, ethanol plants and even some elevators. See more details on each state’s hazardous waste programs at www.epa.gov/hwgenerators/links-hazardous-waste-programs-and-us-state-environmental-agencies.
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
© Copyright 2019 DTN/The Progressive Farmer. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:9efca164-0292-47e4-aab1-9574bcb54d87> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.dtnpf.com/agriculture/web/ag/magazine/article/2019/07/22/treated-seed-requires-careful | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250595282.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119205448-20200119233448-00536.warc.gz | en | 0.94327 | 1,323 | 2.515625 | 3 |
MIGUEL MEDINA/AFP/Getty Images
A woman looks at a functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) showing the effect of Stravinsky's Rite of Spring and Kant's 3rd Critique on the human brain during the Wellcome Collection's major new exhibition "Brains: mind of matter" in London on March 27, 2012.
A new study has found that with a bigger brain, comes a higher IQ. It may seem like an obvious conclusion, but more than two hundred scientists around the world collaborated to scientifically prove the link.
They looked at how genes and brain size could affect memory, intelligence, and risk of getting disorders like dementia. They found that a small change in one gene can mean a person has a higher or lower IQ. Don't fret though, the average difference is 1 IQ point.
Paul Thompson is a professor of neurology at the UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles and was one of the senior authors of the study. | <urn:uuid:b62eb0d6-ef69-44be-934e-7c5e70d4c232> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://www.scpr.org/programs/madeleine-brand/2012/04/17/26057/does-a-single-gene-determine-your-iq | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510267824.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011747-00076-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950995 | 197 | 2.796875 | 3 |
On July 10, Union artillery on Folly Island together with Rear Admiral John Dahlgren's fleet of ironclads opened fire on Confederate defenses of Morris Island.
The bombardment provided cover for Brigadier General George C. Strong's brigade, which crossed Light House Inlet and landed by boats on the southern tip of the island.
Strong's troops advanced, capturing several batteries, to within range of Confederate Fort Wagner.
At dawn, July 11, Strong attacked the fort. Soldiers of the 7th Connecticut reached the parapet but, unsupported, were thrown back.
Result(s): Confederate victory
Location: City of Charleston
Campaign: Operations against Defenses of Charleston (1863) next battle in campaign previous battle in campaign
Date(s): July 10-11, 1863
Principal Commanders: Brigadier General Qunicy Gillmore [US]; General P.G.T. Beauregard [CS]
Forces Engaged: Brigades
Estimated Casualties: 351 total (US 339; CS 12) | <urn:uuid:e3b33130-ded3-4e1d-8cc4-40c90921e4d7> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://www.americancivilwar.com/statepic/sc/sc005.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812873.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220030745-20180220050745-00541.warc.gz | en | 0.9165 | 213 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Tin does not occur naturally by itself, and must be extracted from a base compound, usually cassiterite, stannite, cylindrite, franckeite
, canfieldite, and teallite.
The place in question is an entirely landlocked, mountainous, somewhat mysterious-seeming country which boasts a long mining history and has a secure reputation for turning out world-class specimens of--oh, let's see--metallic species (andorite, pyrarygrite, stannite, franckeite
, cylindrite), other primary ores (cassiterite, ferberite), and glamorous phosphates (phosphophyl-lite, paravauxite, vivianite, ludlamite) such as we have long admired and lusted after.
On some specimens, the blue vauxite forms casts after vanished spherical aggregates of wavellite to 8 mm diameter, and one specimen even shows metallic black microcrystals of franckeite
andorite), the silver ore minerals may have been franckeite
and stannite (both of which commonly bear a few tenths of a percent silver), and sphalerite with micro-inclusions of tetrahedrite.
The same discovery produced about 30 specimens showing the very rare potosiite (a Pb-Sb-Fe-Sn sulfide) as lathlike, metallic gray crystals to 1 cm, some twinned to make fanlike forms, on drusy franckeite
, with zinkenite and arsenopyrite; Kosnar and Lavinsky had potosiite-bearing specimens of this description to 9 cm across.
crystals are highly lustrous, metallic black blades to 5 mm individually, and they group in spheres and fanlike sprays to several cm.
The exhibit also held rare franckeite
, andorite, helvite and canfieldite specimens, all from South America.
Contributions to the Knowledge of Bolivian Mineralogy, V, Franckeite
The sulfides and Sulfosalts are very well represented, most notably arsenopyrite, bismuthinite, bournonite, cylindrite, franckeite
, pyrargyrite, pyrite, stannite, stibnite, teallite, and wurtzite Among the oxides, cassiterite and quartz are most important and siderite is the most important carbonate.
See La Bomba Kami Apatite, arsenopyrite, cassiterite, ferbertite, jarosite, jeromite, lazulite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, quartz twins, scorodite, siderite, tourmaline, wolframite Kari-Kari Almandine, epidote, hopeite; see Andacaba Kentiyok Galena Kesniri Barite, galena, pyromorphite La Bella Beryl, columbite, fergusonite, fluorite, monazite, topaz La Bomba Fluorite, scheelite La Colorada Bournonite, cassiterite, franckeite
La Escosasa Galena La Gaiba See Anahi, Ayoreita La Joya Gold, muscovite La Paz La Ponderosa Chalcedony, copper La Reforma Bsimuth, bismuthinite La Salvadora 1 La Salvadora is the name of the (see Socavon) cooperative operating the Socavon.
Associated minerals are: franckeite
, cylindrite, hocartite, rhodostannite and sphalerite.
Next, consider Brian's excellent specimens of the familiar sulfosalt species from the San Jose mine, Oruro Department: unusually lustrous black franckeite
in intergrown shaggy spherical aggregates to 7 cm; four fine thumbnails of andorite in thin, metallic gray dull-lustered loose aggregate s; and perhaps 50 specimens of stannite crystals in those tight little spheres we have seen before, but these overlaid heavily by unusually brilliant zinkenite needles. | <urn:uuid:9fa2d65d-c807-4de2-a76d-a917e51671fa> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/franckeite | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156224.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919122227-20180919142227-00395.warc.gz | en | 0.811558 | 870 | 2.875 | 3 |
Ego state therapy is based on the idea that a person's psyche is the amalgamation of several distinct people or egos, such as the wounded child or controlling personality. It developed from psychodynamic psychotherapy, and uses techniques similar to those used in family and group settings. Ego state therapy was originally developed by John G. Watkins and Helen Watkins, psychotherapists who specialized in hypnosis, dissociation, and multiple personalities.
Ego state therapists frequently refer to a “family of selves.” They don't literally mean that a person has multiple personalities. Instead, each of us must navigate several discrete identities and roles. For example, a woman might adopt the role of protector toward her children but feel like a fearful or neglected child around her mother. Ego state therapy aims to identify these different roles and then integrate them into a coherent self.
Ego states are an adaptation to various life circumstances, rather than innate states of being. Sometimes a person becomes stuck in an ego state, or finds that an ego state is no longer beneficial. A child abuse victim, for example, might get stuck in the role of frightened child. This could lead to anxiety, unhealthy relationships, and other behavioral patterns based on an ego state that's no longer functional.
Ego state therapists identify four distinct ego states:
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- Conflicted ego states are those that are in conflict with one another. They lead to a sense of internal conflict, and ego state therapy aims to resolve the conflict.
- Retro states are ego states that once worked but that are not harmful. Ego state therapy endeavors to help these states learn to come out only when they are useful.
- Normal ego states are healthy states that are openly acknowledged, not in conflict, and not maladaptive. The goal of ego state therapy is to achieve normal ego states.
Ego state therapy is normally a brief approach to therapy instead of a long and protracted process that requires several years of work. Ego state therapists may practice other forms of therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, in an attempt to work with each ego state. Some therapists also use hypnosis, and ego state therapy remains a popular choice among therapists who rely on hypnosis. Although ego state therapy has only been around for about 25 years, several studies have shown that it can be effective at treating a variety of conditions, including posttraumatic stress.
- Hartman, D., MSW, & Zimberoff, D., MA. (n.d.). Ego states in heart-centered therapies. Journal of Heart-Centered Therapies, 6 (1), 47-92.
- Phillips, M. (1993). The use of ego state therapy in treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 35 (4), 241-249. doi: 10.1080/00029157.1993.10403015
- Watkins, H. H. (1993). Ego-state therapy: An overview. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 35(4), 232-240. doi: 10.1080/00029157.1993.10403014 | <urn:uuid:57726602-0a71-43eb-81f6-e718f6ced05b> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/ego-state-therapy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496665767.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20191112202920-20191112230920-00244.warc.gz | en | 0.93777 | 649 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Campaign group, Action on Sugar has created a strategy document of seven critical areas of policy to prevent childhood obesity in the UK, which it has presented to Jeremy Hunt MP, Secretary of State for Health this month - which includes the introduction of a sugar tax.
Action on Sugar is a group of specialists concerned with sugar and its effects on health. With one in five 10-11 year olds now obese and one in three overweight, the Action of Sugar plan details the following key actions to change the food environment, which is responsible for the obesity epidemic :
- Reduce added sugars by 40% by 2020 by reformulating food
- Cease all forms of targeted marketing of ultra-processed, unhealthy foods and drinks to children
- Disassociate physical activity with obesity via banning junk food sports sponsorships
- Reduce fat in ultra-processed foods, particularly saturated fat - 15% reduction by 2020
- Limit the availability of ultra-processed foods and sweetened soft drinks as well as reducing portion size
- Incentivise healthier food and discourage drinking of soft drinks by introducing a sugar tax
- Remove responsibility for nutrition from the Department of Health and return it back to an independent agency.
If these actions are followed, Action on Sugar says the UK government will be the first country in the world to halt the obesity epidemic by reducing calories by 100kcal a day. At present, the costs of obesity and type 2 diabetes are estimated at approximately £29billion a year, and given the number of children who are now obese; this figure is predicted to rise exponentially. The direct and indirect costs of treating type 2 diabetes alone are predicted to rise from £21.8billion to £35.6billion by 2035.
Professor Graham MacGregor, Chairman of Action on Sugar says: "Obesity in children leads to the premature development of cardiovascular disease, stroke, heart attacks and heart failure, which are the commonest cause of death and disability in the UK. Obesity predisposes to type 2 diabetes, which further increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and also, importantly, it can lead to severe complications i.e. the commonest cause of blindness, renal dialysis and amputation of the lower limbs. These complications are extremely expensive to manage, and will cripple the NHS if the increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes is not stopped immediately."
Dr Aseem Malhotra, Cardiologist and Science Director of Action on Sugar says: "It is really quite shameful that the food industry continues to spend billions in junk food advertising targeting children, the most vulnerable members of society. They even manage to associate sugary products with sport. Physical activity has a multitude of benefits but a child doing an hour of PE every day would be putting all to waste if they ended up gorging on a burger and chips and a packet of crisps washed down with a sugary drink. One has to run half a marathon to burn off those calories. It's time to bust the myth of physical activity and obesity and dissociate junk food and sport."References:
1. Childhood Obesity Action Plan
2. Jebb SA. Dietary determinants of obesity. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2007;8 Suppl 1:93-7.
3. F He, H C Brinsden and G A MacGregor, 2013. Salt reduction in the United Kingdom: a successful experiment in public health. http://www.nature.com/jhh/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/jhh2013105a.html
4. Department of Health, 2011. Healthy lives, healthy people. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213720/dh_130487.pdf | <urn:uuid:f52b3374-12d7-4860-9f2d-96115659d52f> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://patient.info/wellbeing/health/sugar-tax-proposed-by-campaign-group-to-curb-child-obesity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698544140.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170904-00430-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933527 | 780 | 3.125 | 3 |
Do you know about Cushing’s Disease?
This disease causes the adrenal glands produce to much cortisone. Symptoms are excessive drinking, urination accidents in the house, hair loss, increased appetite, and weight gain. Can usually be treated with medication.
Do you know about DMVD?
Degenerative mitral valve disease is a leaky heart valve that usually begins between 8-10 years of age. Can usually be treated with medication.
Do you know about Lafora Disease?
Lafora disease is an inherited form of epilepsy. Seizures that appear as "shocks" in muscles or groups of muscles and last a few seconds.
Do you know about PSS?
Portosystemic Shunt is an inherited disorder in which the liver is unable to remove toxins from the blood. It can usually be treated with medication and diet but may require surgery.
Do you know about HGE?
Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis is a severe stomach condition. It occurs suddenly. Bloody diarrhea is a symptom.
Do you know about Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia?
This is a serious autoimmune disease in which the body attacks its own tissues. Blood clotting is affected. Some dogs respond to medication.
Do you know about Narcolepsy?
This is an Inherited sleep disorder in which Dachshunds are unable to stay awake and usually collapse after exercise. Onset is usually from 1-6 months.
Do you know about Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
This is an inherited collagen disorder that results in brittle bones, fractures and the inability to heel properly. This is a severe bone condition that will result in euthanasia. It is diagnosed at at a very young age.
Do you know about Progressive Retinal Atrophy?
This is a severe eye disease that is usually diagnosed between 10 months and 3 years of age. Begins with "day blindness" and eventually leads to complete blindness.
Do you know about IVDD?
Intervertebral Disk Disease cause the vertebrae to become weak and brittle. This can result in painful spinal injuries. Care should be taken to keep your Dachshunds fit-not allow them to jump and support their weight on both their front and rear legs wen carrying them. | <urn:uuid:eccd10b2-4abd-4caa-a224-49d697968ab1> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://service.petrage.net/index.php/wp_quiz/dachshund-dog-breed-health-issues-quiz/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030337415.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20221003101805-20221003131805-00305.warc.gz | en | 0.952861 | 482 | 2.71875 | 3 |
With their showy and often fragrant blooms, roses are easily one of the most popular flowering plants grown in South Carolina. Unfortunately, the numerous insects and related pests that attack them can make growing them “interesting”, if not outright challenging. As with any plant, the priority should be to provide the rose with the cultural conditions required for best health. A vigorously growing rose is much more likely to survive pest damage than a stressed plant. For more information on the cultural requirements of roses, see HGIC 1172, Growing Roses and HGIC 1173, Pruning Roses. For information on diseases of roses, see HGIC 2106, Rose Diseases.
When trying to control insects and related pests on roses, the plants must be thoroughly inspected regularly. These inspections increase the likelihood that a pest infestation will be detected early, when pest numbers are low and control is easiest. For the best control methods, it is first necessary to identify the pest correctly. Often, more than one control option is available for a pest. Whenever possible, initially try physical control measures. If chemical control is necessary, use the least toxic chemical, plus be sure to apply it at the most susceptible stage of the insect pest. When applying a pesticide, thorough spray coverage of the plant is important. Always be sure to read the pesticide label before purchasing. Apply all pesticides according to label instructions, and follow all precautions.
Various species of aphids feed on roses, but the predominant species is the rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae). Rose aphids are small (about ⅛ inch long). They are soft-bodied, pear-shaped, pink or green insects found in clusters on new growth of buds, leaves, and stems.
Aphids feed on plant sap with their piercing-sucking mouthparts. A low population of aphids does little damage to a rose bush; however, aphids reproduce rapidly and can quickly reach numbers that cause damage. Their feeding results in distorted growth. Heavy infestations can reduce the number and quality of blooms. As they feed, aphids excrete honeydew, a sugary substance that attracts ants and wasps. The honeydew supports the growth of unsightly, dark-colored sooty mold fungi on the leaves.
Control: Aphids have several natural enemies, including parasitic wasps, ladybird beetles (ladybugs) and larvae, and green lacewing adults and larvae. Their natural enemies tend to keep aphid populations under control except in cool weather. Ants are sometimes associated with aphid infestations, and they will protect the aphids from their natural enemies. If ants are present, they should be controlled.
Aphids can be hosed off with a strong stream of water directed above and below the leaves. Spraying with water should be repeated as frequently as needed, focusing in particular on new growth. Roses can also be sprayed with insecticidal soap to control aphids. Insecticidal soap must be sprayed onto the aphids to be effective. Repeat the insecticidal soap spray three times at 5 to 7-day intervals. Higher toxicity insecticides are available. However, it is important to note that aphids are very difficult to control because they multiply rapidly. Leaving even one aphid alive can result in a large population very quickly. In addition, these insecticides kill the natural enemies of rose aphids.
If contact insecticides are deemed necessary, the following are available in homeowner size packaging. Sprays containing bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, horticultural oil, lambda cyhalothrin, malathion, neem oil, permethrin, or pyrethrin will control aphids. Soil drenches or granular applications of systemic insecticides, such as imidacloprid or dinotefuran, will control aphids and last longer within the plant to prevent future infestations. See Table 1 for products containing these insecticides.
A number of different beetle species feed on roses. Many of these beetles feed mainly on flower buds or open blossoms but can feed on leaves. Since many beetles feed mainly at night, the gardener rarely sees them, only the damage that they cause.
Japanese beetles (Popillia japonica) feed during the day and are perhaps the most readily recognized beetle pests that feed on roses. An adult Japanese beetle is about ½ inch long and has a metallic green body and legs with coppery-brown wing covers. It can be distinguished from similar beetles by the tufts of white hair visible at the end of its abdomen.
The adults begin emerging from the soil in mid-May and are present through August. They can live from 30 to 45 days. They lay their eggs in the soil. Grubs hatch from the eggs and feed on grass roots. As the weather cools, the grubs move more deeply into the soil to overwinter (survive the winter). In the spring, the grubs migrate back up to the root zone and continue to feed. They pupate (change to adult form) in late April and May.
Japanese beetles have chewing mouthparts and feed on flowers, buds, and leaves of roses (as well as numerous other plant species). Partial or entire flowers and buds may be eaten. Typically, flowers and buds that have been fed on have ragged edges and/or holes in the petals. Affected buds may fail to open. Rose leaves are typically skeletonized (only leaf veins remain) by the feeding. Leaves with tender veins may be eaten completely.
Control: Various non-chemical control options are available for Japanese beetles. They can be handpicked and destroyed by dropping them into soapy water. When only a few plants are involved, fine netting, such as tulle fabric, or spunbound polyester fabric, such as Reemay, can be placed over the bush or individual blossoms to exclude the beetles. Japanese beetle traps are available commercially but should be used with caution. They can effectively reduce adult populations, but they should be kept at least 50 feet from the plant(s) being protected. The traps have the potential to create more of a problem by attracting numerous beetles into the landscape Additionally, traps must be emptied frequently as beetles are repelled by the smell of ammonia, which is released by dead, rotting beetles.
The number of adults may also be reduced by using the product Milky Spore against the grubs in the lawn. This product contains a disease-causing bacterium (Paenibacillus popilliae) that specifically infects the grubs of Japanese beetles. It is applied to the entire lawn, and once established, can be effective for 20 to 30 years. However, as the adults are strong fliers, they can fly in from nearby lawns and pastures.
It is important to keep in mind that rose blossoms openly quickly and are very attractive to Japanese beetles. These circumstances make it challenging to keep the blooms adequately covered with insecticide to protect them. Insecticides labeled for homeowner use include sprays containing bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, neem oil, permethrin, or pyrethrin to control beetles. Soil drenches or granular applications of imidacloprid or dinotefuran will control Japanese and other beetles and last longer within the plant to prevent future infestations. See Table 1 for specific products.
Mites are not insects but are more closely related to spiders with eight legs as adults instead of six. They are extremely small (about 1/50-inch long) and are somewhat difficult to see without a magnifying lens. One way to detect them is to hold a piece of white paper under a branch and then tap the branch sharply. Wipe your hand over the paper. If mites are present, red streaks will be seen.
Two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) and southern red mites (Oligonychus ilicis) are pests on roses in South Carolina. Two-spotted spider mites are more of a problem during hot, dry weather, and susceptibility increases when a rose is drought-stressed. Southern red mites are more of a problem during cool weather in spring and fall, and their populations drop during summer.
Mites have piercing-sucking mouthparts. They suck plant sap, typically feeding on the lower surface of a leaf. Early damage is seen as yellow or white speckling on the upper surface of leaves. Fine webbing may be seen on the undersides of leaves. With severe infestations, leaves may develop a grayish-green or bronze color, and webbing may cover both sides of leaves and branches. Severely infested leaves may drop prematurely. In addition, the webbing can collect dust, making the plant look dirty.
Control: Beneficial insects, such as lacewings, lady beetles, and predatory mites, prey on spider mites. Predatory mites are about the same size as spider mites but can be distinguished from spider mites by their long legs and the speed with which they move. Several species of predator mites are available commercially for use as biological control agents.
A strong spray of water is a non-chemical control option that removes eggs, larvae (six-legged immature stage), nymphs (eight-legged immature mites), and adult mites. Be sure to spray lower surfaces of leaves and repeat as needed. This method is most effective with light infestations, as seen with early detection. An important advantage of this control method is that populations of natural enemies are not harmed.
Insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils are effective control options for spider mites, and they are essentially nontoxic to humans, wildlife, and pets, and only minimally toxic to beneficial predators. Good coverage is critical to ensure contact with the pest when using these products, and reapplication may be needed as determined by follow-up monitoring for the pest. Foliar injury from soaps and oils may occur on plants under drought stress. Water the plants well before spraying. Do not spray with soaps or oils if the temperature exceeds 85 °F, and always spray in the evening to slow the drying time of the soap or oil. Sulfur sprays can also control spider mites. Do not spray if the daily temperatures will exceed 85 °F, and do not spray sulfur on plants within 30 days of a horticultural oil spray.
When growing roses, the use of broad-spectrum insecticides should be avoided as much as possible, as these products can kill off natural enemies that help keep spider mite populations in check. Also, avoid pesticides that claim to “suppress” mites as they tend to be weak miticides. When stronger chemical control is needed, the following insecticides/miticides are available in homeowner size packaging: tau-fluvalinate or bifenthrin sprays. See Table 1 for examples of brands and products.
Various thrips species feed on roses. Two of the most common are flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici) and western flower thrips (F. occidentalis).
Adult female thrips of both species are tiny, yellowish-brown insects with fringed or feathery wings. At less than 1/16-inch long, they are barely visible without a magnifying glass. However, blowing lightly into the blooms and leaves causes thrips to move around, making them easier to see.
Both immature and adult thrips feed by scraping surface cells to suck plant sap. They feed on both leaves and flower petals, with the majority of their damage to roses occurring from early to midsummer. Their feeding may result in distorted buds that open only partially or abort prematurely. Feeding on petals may result in petals streaked with silvery-white or brown as well as petals with browning edges. White and light-colored rose blossoms appear to be particularly attractive to thrips. Young leaves become distorted and flecked with yellow following extensive thrips feeding.
Control: Control of thrips is difficult. Infested rose blossoms should be removed and destroyed. Grass and weeds in the area should be kept mowed or removed when possible. Insecticides are available, but the timing of sprays is very important. They must be applied before thrips enter unopened buds. In addition, because rose blooms expand rapidly, it is challenging to keep them adequately covered with insecticide. If it becomes essential to spray an insecticide, the following are available in homeowner size packaging: acephate, spinosad, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, or permethrin. However, both acephate and spinosad are foliar systemic insecticides and are capable of penetrating closed flower buds to kill thrips inside. Insecticidal soaps will help control thrips, but thorough coverage is necessary. The soap spray must contact the pest to be effective and may require three sprays at 5- to 7-day intervals. Soil drenches or granular applications of dinotefuran or imidacloprid will give thrips suppression. See Table 1 for examples of brands and products.
Adult scale insects have an unusual appearance. They are generally small and immobile, with no visible legs. They secrete a waxy covering, making some appear white and cottony, while others appear like white, yellow, brown, or black crusty bumps. The waxy covering or “scale” protects adult scale insects from many insecticides. Their immature forms, called crawlers, are susceptible, however.
Several species of scale are pests of roses, but rose scale (Aulacaspis rosae) is one of the most serious. Female rose scales are round, gray to white, and about 1/16-inch long. Males are elongate, white, and much smaller than females. These insects overwinter as eggs under the waxy covering of the mother.
Rose scales are usually found on rose canes, where they feed on sap with their piercing-sucking mouthparts. With a heavy infestation, rose scale can cause cane decline or twig dieback.
Control: Various natural enemies, including ladybird beetles (ladybugs) and parasitic wasps, usually keep scale insects under control. With light infestations, scrape off and destroy scales by hand. Pruning out and destroying heavily infested canes is helpful. Horticultural oil sprays (also called supreme, superior, or summer oils) work well to control armored scales, such as the rose scale, by penetrating their waxy covers and smothering them. Horticultural oils applied at higher rates of 3% to 4% during the dormant season (i.e., to a rose bush that has lost its leaves) will penetrate the thick waxy covers of the overwintering adults. Applications at lower rates of 1% to 2% can be sprayed during the spring to target the crawlers (immatures) and the newly settled scales with thin waxy covers. It is best to spray when temperatures are between 40 and 85 °F.
Monitor the crawler emergence in the spring with sticky cards, double-faced tape wrapped around a branch, or by putting an infested shoot into a baggie and watching for crawler movement. The presence of crawlers can sometimes be determined by sharply tapping an infested twig on a piece of white paper. Crawlers are very small and appear as moving specks of dust.
Avoid using insecticides as much as possible, as they will often kill the naturally occurring enemies of scale. When insecticides are necessary during the growing season, they should be applied when the crawler stage is present. The following insecticidal sprays are effective against crawlers only: acephate, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, malathion, or permethrin. Soil drenches of imidacloprid do not control these armored scales, but soil applications of dinotefuran will give good control.
Adult rose leafhoppers (Edwardsiana rosae) vary in color from white to gray to yellow to green. They are wedge-shaped and between ¼- to ½-inch long. When a plant is disturbed, they hop or fly away quickly.
The adult female deposits eggs within the bark of rose canes in the fall. Dark, purple, pimple-like spots on the bark indicate the presence of eggs. In the spring, the young nymphs (immature forms that resemble adults but are wingless) emerge from the cane. The wounds that remain in the bark as they emerge, as well as wounds made during egg-laying, can provide openings for stem canker-causing fungal pathogens to enter. Stem canker can result in plant death.
Nymphs and adult leafhoppers feed on the undersides of leaves, using their piercing-sucking mouthparts to suck plant sap. Their feeding causes white stippling (small dots) on the upper surface of the leaf. The stippling spots may merge, causing leaves to appear almost white. Damaged leaves may drop prematurely. Between feeding by the nymphs and adults, and egg laying by adult females, a severely infested rose bush may be killed.
Control: Natural enemies of rose leafhoppers include damsel bugs and assassin bugs. Broad spectrum, contact insecticides should be avoided, as they may kill these beneficial predators, too. However, when an insecticide is necessary, be sure to spray lower leaf surfaces thoroughly. The following insecticidal sprays are effective against rose leafhoppers: acephate, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, malathion, or permethrin. Soil drenches or granular applications of dinotefuran or imidacloprid will suppress leafhopper populations. See Table 1 for specific products.
Rose slugs are the larvae (immature forms) of sawflies, non-stinging members of the wasp family. Three species of sawflies, the rose slug (Endelomyia aethiops), bristly rose slug (Cladius difformis), and curled rose sawfly (Allantus cinctus), are pests of roses. The larvae of some sawfly species are hairy and often mistaken for caterpillars. Others appear wet and shiny, superficially resembling slugs. The larvae generally reach about ½- to ¾-inch in length.
Generally, rose slugs feed at night. Depending on the species, young rose slugs feed on the upper or lower surfaces of leaves between veins, leaving a ‘window’ of translucent tissue that turns brown. As some species of rose slugs get larger, they chew large holes or the entire leaf with only the midrib remaining. Regular inspection of roses is important because feeding typically progresses quickly, and extensive leaf skeletonizing can occur if infestations are not noticed. In addition, with their coloring, they can be very difficult to spot on leaves.
Control: Rose slugs can be controlled by handpicking. They can also be removed by spraying with water. Once dislodged, they cannot climb back onto the plant. Insecticidal soap and horticultural oil are also effective against rose slugs. Other insecticidal sprays that are labeled for homeowner use include acephate, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, permethrin, or spinosad. Sprays should thoroughly cover both upper and lower leaf surfaces. Soil drenches or granular applications of dinotefuran or imidacloprid will control sawfly larvae. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) will only control true caterpillars and not the larvae of sawflies. See Table 1 for examples of brands and products.
Leafcutting bees (Megachile species) are similar in size to honeybees but are blackish, metallic purple, or green. The females cut out semi-circular sections of leaves, which they use to line their nests. The cut surface is very smooth as compared to the ragged edge that results with most leaf-feeding insects.
Control: No control is recommended because the damage caused by leafcutting bees is minimal, and the bees are important as pollinators.
Infrequently caterpillars (immature stage of moths and butterflies) will be found feeding on rose foliage. Feeding damage appears as holes or irregular-shaped areas of the leaf blades. Several caterpillars may feed upon rose foliage, including the corn earworm, eastern tent caterpillar, stinging rose caterpillar, and puss caterpillar.
Control: Insecticidal sprays of Bacillus thuringiensis, acephate, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, malathion, neem oil, permethrin, pyrethrin, or spinosad will control caterpillars. See Table 1 for examples of brands and products.
Grasshoppers are general feeders that feed on the foliage of many kinds of plants.
Control: Keep weeds and grass near roses under control because these are the breeding sites for grasshoppers. Insecticidal sprays with acephate, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, malathion, permethrin, or pyrethrin will control grasshoppers. See Table 1 for examples of brands and products.
Table 1. Insecticides for Residential Rose Pest Control.
|Pesticide Active Ingredient||Examples of Brands & Products|
|Acephate||Bonide Systemic Insect Control Concentrate|
|Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)||Bonide Thuricide Bt Concentrate|
|Garden Safe Bt Worm & Caterpillar Killer Concentrate|
|Monterey Bt (concentrate); & RTU2|
|Natural Guard Caterpillar Killer Spray with Bt Concentrate; & RTU2|
|Safer Caterpillar Killer with Bt Concentrate|
|Southern Ag Thuricide Bt Caterpillar Control Concentrate|
|Bifenthrin||Bifen I/T Concentrate|
|Ferti-lome Broad Spectrum Insecticide Concentrate; & RTS1|
|Hi-Yield Bug Blaster Bifenthrin 2.4 Concentrate; & RTS1|
|Martin’s FLEE Ready to Use Yard Spray RTS1|
|Monterey Mite & Insect Control Concentrate|
|Ortho Bug-B-Gon Insect Killer for Lawns & Gardens Conc.; & RTS1|
|Ortho Outdoor Insect Killer Concentrate|
|Ortho BugClear Insect Killer for Lawns & Landscapes Concentrate; & RTS1|
|Talstar P Concentrate|
|Up-Star Gold Insecticide Concentrate|
|Cyfluthrin||Bayer BioAdvanced 24 Hour Lawn Insect Killer RTS1|
|Bayer BioAdvanced Complete Insect Killer for Soil & Turf I RTS1|
|Bayer BioAdvanced Insect Killer for Lawns RTS1|
|Bayer Advanced Rose & Flower Insect Killer RTU2|
|Dinotefuran||Gordon’s Zylam Liquid Systemic Insecticide (drench)|
|Ortho Tree & Shrub Insect Control Granules|
|Valent Brand Safari 2G Insecticide (2% granules)|
|Valent Safari 20SG Insecticide (drench)|
|Horticultural Oil||Bonide All Seasons Spray Oil Concentrate; & RTS1; & RTU2|
|Ferti-lome Horticultural Oil Spray Concentrate; & RTS1|
|Monterey Horticultural Oil Concentrate; & RTS1; & RTU2|
|Safer Brand Horticultural & Dormant Spray Oil Concentrate|
|Southern Ag ParaFine Horticultural Oil|
|Summit Year Round Spray Oil Concentrate; & RTU2|
|Imidacloprid||Bayer Advanced 12 Month Garden Tree & Shrub Insect Control Conc. Landscape Formula|
|Bonide Annual Tree & Shrub Insect Control with Systemaxx|
|Ferti-lome Tree & Shrub Systemic Insect Drench|
|Hi-Yield Systemic Insect Spray|
|Martin’s Dominion Tree & Shrub Insecticide|
|Monterey Once A Year Insect Control II|
|Insecticidal Soap||Bonide Insecticidal Soap RTU2|
|Espoma Organic Insect Soap RTU2|
|Garden Safe Insecticidal Soap Insect Killer RTU2|
|Miracle Gro Nature’s Care Insecticidal Soap RTU2|
|Natria Insecticidal Soap RTU2|
|Natural Guard Insecticidal Soap Concentrate|
|Safer Brand Insect Killing Soap Concentrate|
|Whitney Farms Insecticidal Soap RTU2|
|Lambda Cyhalothrin||Spectracide Triazicide Insect Killer for Lawns & Landscapes Concentrate; & RTS1|
|Martin’s Cyonara Lawn & Garden Concentrate; & RTS1|
|Martin’s Cyzmic CS Controlled Release Insecticide|
|Cutter Backyard Bug Control Spray Concentrate RTS1|
|Malathion||Bonide Malathion Insect Control 50% Concentrate|
|Gordon’s Malathion 50% Spray Concentrate|
|Hi-Yield 55% Malathion Insect Spray Concentrate|
|Martin’s Malathion 50% Concentrate|
|Ortho Max Malathion Insect Spray Concentrate|
|Southern Ag Malathion 50% EC|
|Spectracide Malathion Insect Spray Concentrate|
|Tiger Brand 50% Malathion Concentrate|
|Neem Oil||Bonide Neem Oil Concentrate; & RTU2|
|Bonide Rose Rx 3-in-1 Concentrate; & RTU2|
|Concern Garden Defense Multi-Purpose Spray Concentrate|
|Espoma Organic Neem Oil 3-in-1 RTU2|
|Ferti-lome Rose, Flower & Vegetable Spray Concentrate|
|Garden Safe Fungicide 3 Concentrate; & RTS1; & RTU2|
|Garden Safe Neem Oil Extract Concentrate|
|Monterey 70% Neem Oil Fungicide/Insecticide/Miticide Concentrate; & RTS1|
|Natria Neem Oil Concentrate; & RTU2|
|Natural Guard Neem Concentrate|
|Safer Brand Neem Oil Concentrate; & RTU2|
|Southern Ag Triple Action Neem Oil Concentrate|
|Permethrin||Bonide Eight Insect Control Vegetable, Fruit & Flower Concentrate|
|Bonide Total Pest Control Outdoor Concentrate|
|Bonide Eight Yard & Garden RTS1|
|Bonide Eight Garden & Home Insect Control RTU2|
|Hi-Yield Indoor/Outdoor Broad Use Insecticide Concentrate|
|Hi-Yield Lawn Garden Pet & Livestock Insect Control Concentrate|
|Southern Ag Permetrol Lawn & Garden Insecticide Concentrate|
|Tiger Brand Super 10 Concentrate|
|Pyrethrin||Garden Safe Multi-purpose Garden Insect Killer RTU2|
|Garden Safe Rose & Flower Insect Killer RTU2|
|Monterey Bug Buster-O|
|Southern Ag Natural Pyrethrin Concentrate|
|Spinosad||Bonide Colorado Potato Beetle Beater Concentrate|
|Bonide Captain Jack’s Deadbug Brew Concentrate; & RTS1; & RTU2|
|Conserve SC Turf Ornamental Concentrate|
|Ferti-lome Borer, Bagworm & Leafminer Spray Concentrate|
|Monterey Garden Insect Spray Concentrate|
|Natural Guard Landscape & Garden Insecticide RTS1|
|Ortho Insect Killer Tree & Shrub Concentrate|
|Southern Ag Conserve Naturalyte Insect Control Concentrate|
|Tau-Fluvalinate||Bayer BioAdvanced 3-in-1 Insect, Disease & Mite Control Conc.; RTS1; & RTU2 [with imidacloprid (insecticide) and tebuconazole (fungicide)]|
|Bayer BioAdvanced 3-in-1 Insect, Disease & Mite Control I Concentrate; & RTS1 [with Tebuconazole (fungicide)]|
|1 RTS = Ready to Spray (hose-end applicator)
2 RTU = Ready to Use (pre-mixed spray bottle)
Pesticides are updated annually. Last updates were done on 7/21 by Joey Williamson.
Originally published 10/07 | <urn:uuid:aef1f8e0-dcaf-4a8c-b410-45990f170221> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/rose-insects-related-pests/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506329.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922034112-20230922064112-00241.warc.gz | en | 0.894923 | 6,122 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Knowing where things are seems effortless. Yet our brains devote tremendous power to figuring out simple details about spatial relationships. Jennifer Groh traces this mental detective work to show how the brain creates our sense of location, and makes the case that the brain’s systems for thinking about space may be the systems of thought itself.
Subjects: Biological Sciences
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December 7, 2006
The confluence of virtual reality and artificial life, an emerging discipline that spans the computational and biological sciences, has yielded synthetic worlds inhabited by realistic, artificial flora and fauna.
Artificial animals are complex synthetic organisms that possess functional biomechanical bodies, perceptual sensors, and brains with locomotion, perception, behavior, learning, and cognition centers. Artificial humans and lower animals are of interest in computer graphics because they are self-animating graphical characters that will dramatically advance the state of the art of production animation and interactive game technologies. More broadly, these biomimetic autonomous agents in realistic virtual worlds also foster deeper computationally oriented insights into natural living systems. In addition, they engender interesting applications in computer vision, sensor networks, and other domains.
Demetri Terzopoulos is the Chancellor’s Professor of Computer Science at UCLA. He graduated from McGill University and was awarded the PhD degree by MIT in 1984. He is a Fellow of the IEEE, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and a member of the European Academy of Sciences. His many awards include an Academy Award for Technical Achievement (a Technical Oscar) from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for his pioneering work on physics-based computer animation. He is one of the most highly-cited computer scientists and engineers in the world, with approximately 300 published research papers and several volumes, primarily in computer graphics, computer vision, medical imaging, computer-aided design, and artificial intelligence/life. | <urn:uuid:0d246e52-6ae2-43bc-9ef2-7a6556b3b60e> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://iww.inria.fr/colloquium/demetri-terzopoulos-the-simulation-of-animals-and-humans-for-science-and-entertainment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540490972.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20191206200121-20191206224121-00129.warc.gz | en | 0.94296 | 305 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Sunset at the South Pole
On March 20, NOAA Corps Officer Nick Morgan shot a photo of the Sun sinking below the horizon at the U.S. Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. Over the next six months, Morgan and Johan Booth, a researcher from NOAA’s Earth Science Research Laboratory (ESRL), will live in darkness with dozens of others working at the station until the Sun rises again on September 22, 2010.
Through the Antarctic winter, the ESRL researchers will be sampling the “cleanest air on Earth” in an area called the Clean Air Sector. Upwind of the station and its facilities, including the steam emissions from the power plant seen in the photo, the Clean Air Sector is kept free from human activities and influence. In this pristine environment, the researchers collect air samples from various levels of the atmosphere.
Their samples will help maintain long-term records of trace gases, aerosols, and solar radiation over time, and serve scientists around the world who research how these factors influence Earth’s climate. Many of the changes observed in these long-term records are related to human activities of burning coal and oil, and from the release of industrial chemicals into the atmosphere.
In addition to being cut off from the Sun, the researchers are physically isolated from the rest of the world. Temperatures at the South Pole can drop as low as -75ºC (-100ºF) during the winter, and airplane equipment doesn’t work reliably at these temperatures. Not until spring, when temperatures reach at least -50ºC (-58ºF) will planes be able to safely land and take off from the South Pole again.
A photo of the South Pole Station is taken every 15 minutes by a live web camera. View the most recent image online.
Read more about Morgan on the Exploratorium’s Ice Stories Web site, and Interview with a NOAA Researcher: Life in the South Pole.
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Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra: Beethoven's 5th and Berlioz
DA DA DA DUNNNNN… perhaps the four most recognizable notes in classical music.
Premiering in 1808, Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony is a riveting work requiring no introduction.
In 1824, Hector Berlioz composed his first full-scale composition, Messe solennelle.
Berlioz claimed to have destroyed the entire score but the missing work was found in 1991 in an Antwerp church, with recent performances thrilling audiences with its poetic genius and bravado.
Rounding out the evening is a new work from Canadian-Finnish composer Matthew Whittall. | <urn:uuid:f18bb932-2b6b-4694-8e72-f27740d76bb3> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.tourismwinnipeg.com/festivals-and-events/upcoming-events/display,event/9652/winnipeg-symphony-orchestra-beethoven-s-5th-and-berlioz | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655886095.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20200704073244-20200704103244-00412.warc.gz | en | 0.94092 | 144 | 2.53125 | 3 |
SAN FRANCISCO — Sometimes even a great idea falls flat at first. Take Pump-Hub, a self-inflating bike tire gizmo. It was rolling along at trade shows and getting lots of good press before the financial crisis of 2008 sidelined the project.
Now its creator, engineer Kevin Manning, is getting back on track with a new team behind him and plans to expand his original idea — an automatic, adjustable, tire-inflation system housed in the hub of a bike wheel.
For cyclists, the Pump-Hub means no remembering to check the tire pressure or pack a pump, no fiddling around with the valve and then racing to put the cap back on before the air wheezes out and your aching arms have to start all over again. It inflates the tires to the proper pressure while you ride, making a gentle clickety-clack sound reminiscent of spoke cards from childhood days. When the tire hits the designated pressure, the fluttering sounds stop. If you get a flat, just upend your bike and spin the wheel until pressure is restored.
“It’s like how using a Macintosh is easier than using a command-line interface,” Manning says, turning his Gunnar bike upside down on the Embarcadero to show me how the Pump-Hub works. If you really boil down all the technology behind his invention, he adds, the main advantage basically ends up being “it’s easier.” | <urn:uuid:940fdd9f-b762-4883-ab32-e83cfeb23870> | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | http://www.cultofmac.com/tag/kevin-manning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1412037663587.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20140930004103-00296-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935943 | 305 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Category: History & Archaeology|
The author of the book: R. Lee Lyman
Format files: PDF, EPUB, TXT, DOCX
The size of the: 186 KB
Edition: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Date of issue: 25 March 2004
Description of the book "Vertebrate Taphonomy":Taphonomy studies the transition of organic matter from the biosphere into the geological record. It is particularly relevant to zooarchaeologists and paleobiologists, who analyse organic remains in the archaeological record in an attempt to reconstruct hominid subsistence patterns and paleoecological conditions. In this user-friendly, encyclopedic reference volume for students and professionals, R. Lee Lyman, a leading researcher in taphonomy, reviews the wide range of analytical techniques used to solve particular zooarchaeological problems, illustrating these in most cases with appropriate examples. He also covers the history of taphonomic research and its philosophical underpinnings. Logically organised and clearly written, the PDF book is an important update on all previous publications on archaeological faunal remains.
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Download EBOOK Vertebrate Taphonomy for free | <urn:uuid:5ecc7765-1553-4a3c-9029-ca8baf38ec7c> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://clearwalksoft.com/history-archaeology/202585-vertebrate-taphonomy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187822488.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017200905-20171017220905-00749.warc.gz | en | 0.895173 | 487 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Naturally, you want to make good choices when it comes to nutrition. However, it is not always easy to know what to believe and what to reject. This article gathers together several nutrition tips that are reliable and effective. Read on to see what they are, and then try them out for yourself.
Read the fine print. When you are grocery shopping, don't be fooled by packaging that gives the impression of containing healthy food. Don't assume that because it is "low-fat" or "organic", that it is healthy. Take a second to flip the box over and read the nutrition information panel and ingredient list to determine its nutritional content for yourself.
In order to achieve a healthy body it is important to eat a variety of healthy foods. Be sure to consume lean meat as well as fish that is rich in omega-3. Other good foods to eat are whole grains, nuts, various fruits and vegetables. Milk is also a good source of calcium.
Getting your kids to eat vegetables can be as easy as being sneaky. Many vegetables when processed properly can be used in many of the foods your kids love. Purees made from vegetables such as carrots not only add flavor and sweetness to a dish, but also makes sure your kids collagen for joints ultra are getting the full benefit.
When considering nutrition for a child, it is important to listen to them and allow them to eat as little or much as they like to a certain extent. It is important to do so, so that they train themselves how to feed themselves properly and what the right amount to eat is. They need to learn on their own when they truly need to eat more or stop eating.
When considering your nutrition, do not over do it with vitamins and supplements. Multivitamin pills can never replace the amount of nutrients that you receive in eating food. While they are good to compliment your meal with, never substitute a pill for real food. Your body might not react well to a large intake of concentrated vitamins.
When considering a diet that provides an adequate nutrition level, be sure to include snacking as a part of your regular day. This will ensure that your metabolism stays in shape. Not everyone can eat six meals as recommended, due to obligations with friends or family. Be sure to snack on healthy foods such as toasted almonds or dried fruit.
When you're making breakfast in the morning, why not skip the cold cereal and cook something hot instead? Most cold cereals contain a lot of sugar and artificial ingredients. There are plenty of delicious grains that make an excellent breakfast. Try oatmeal, wheat flakes or muesli for a healthy alternative to packaged cereal.
To increase the effectiveness of vitamin supplements, include plenty of manganese in your diet. Manganese has been shown to help your body absorb a variety of vitamins and minerals. Foods rich in manganese include pineapple, soybeans, and brown rice. Consuming these foods about an hour before you take any vitamins w,ill help your body take full advantage of them.
Raisins and other dry fruits make for a great addition to hot cereals. Keep a box or two around so you can always take advantage of the vitamins they pack. Simply sprinkle them into your oatmeal, grits, cream of wheat or any hot cereal after you've cooked it. They will quickly absorb moisture and release part of their flavor right into your bowl.
Eat food slowly. By eating at a controlled pace, you give your stomach time to feel full. By eating quickly, food enters your stomach before your stomach can send the signal that it is full. Also, some foods like bread expand in your stomach and will make you feel like you are full and will allow you to eat less.
Ascorbic acid, also known as Vitamin C, is crucial to keep in your diet. It is used for the maintenance of multiple body systems, most importantly the repair pathways and as an antioxidant. It is found in many popular fruits and vegetables, but it is also sometimes added to foods as an preservative.
Eat oatmeal for breakfast. Oatmeal is a great source of fiber, protein and whole grains. It will fill you up, keep you full and help to clean the cholesterol out of your system. Oatmeal can be eaten plain, or with whole fruit added to sweeten it up.
As wonderful as it feels to find a delicious, distinctive food that is both crave-worthy and good for you,it is important to pace yourself. Believe it or not, even the most delightful treat will get old if you make it the focus of your diet. Avoid burnout; mix it up a little to keep yourself interested and inspired.
Buy frozen vegetables in abundance so you will always have some available. These vegetables make for easy preparation and then they're ready to eat. Having them frozen means that you will always have edible vegetables on hand.
If you are having issues with your daily trip to the restroom, it may be time to add additional fruit to your diet. Fruit diets give you fiber and are also delicious.
To get the most out of your food, be sure to chew your food slowly and thoroughly. The better chewed your food is, the easier it is for your body to digest. Your saliva helps break down the food in your mouth and release more of its nutrients. You'll also eat less when you chew more.
Though many of us try to lead a healthy life, there are some common nutrition related mistakes that we are all prone to making. In this article, we have discussed some of those mistakes. We have also provided you with some valuable tips that can help any individual to avoid them. | <urn:uuid:6274472c-3028-4de2-b969-b994cf235888> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://915151961873339704.weebly.com/home/you-are-just-what-you-eat-keeping-a-healthy-diet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812932.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220090216-20180220110216-00170.warc.gz | en | 0.968413 | 1,152 | 2.75 | 3 |
Wearing your natural curls is an act of Jewish resistance
Rachel Jacoby Rosenfield and Maital Friedman
Originally published on JTA
For centuries, anti-Semites have fetishized Jewish appearance. Using tedious racist tropes — be it smell, hooked noses, curly hair or traditional garb — anti-Semites label Jews as grotesque and have constructed a particular Jewish appearance in an attempt to otherize and oppress Jews.
An all-too-personal reminder of this demonization occurred this summer when we received notification that Maital was among a slew of Jewish professionals, mostly women, pictured on a white nationalist, anti-Semitic website mocking how Jews look and calling them ugly.
The website featured many Jewish professionals who do not wear Jewishly identifiable garb but had ethnic features that have been coded as “Jewish.” One trait that many of the women had in common — Maital included — was their dark, curly hair.
The prominent historian Yosef Hayyim Yerushalmi traces the history of anti-Semitism linked to the perceived physical appearance of Jews in “Assimilation and Racial Anti-Semitism: The Iberian and the German Models.”
“The more vulgar forms of medieval anti-Semitism did express themselves more than occasionally in sheer physical terms – the notion of a distinct Jewish odor … [or that] Jewish descendants of each of the tribes of ancient Israel are born with physical defects,” he wrote.
In “The Jew’s Body,” the authoritative book on the subject, the American cultural historian Sander Gilman quotes Moses Hess from the late 19th century, “Jewish noses cannot be reformed, nor black, Jewish, curly hair be turned through baptism or combing into smooth hair.” For anti-Semites, hooked noses or curly hair become metonymy for a repellent Jewish demonic character.
These anti-Semitic tropes continue animating contemporary racial anti-Semitism. This year, for example, a historic Belgian carnival featured a float representing two Orthodox Jews with payot, hooked noses and surrounded by rats and bags of money (the carnival just lost its status on the UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage list as a result.)
These negative stereotypes have impacted our Jewish psyche and spawned a self-consciousness and communal shame about “Jewish looks.” If our intention is to be Jewish and visibly proud of it, we must on the one hand celebrate the many varied Jewish ways of presenting and on the other contest the essentialist notion of Jewish ethnic looks.
It seems outrageous that in this day and age the idea of “Jewish looks” continues to exist — despite overwhelming Jewish diversity — and be demonized. Jews can look as different from each other as any two humans. Curly hair, like many characteristics, is not a universal Jewish trait, nor particular to Jews, nor inherently unattractive. Sadly, our own community has subconsciously internalized some of these harmful tropes. This has resulted in self-criticism and shame, as well as a narrow and exclusionary understanding of what Jews look like.
All Jews should revel in their culture and appearance. As Jewish Ashkenazi women who proudly wear our thick dark curls in their natural glory, we have come to recognize that this choice generates anxiety in Jewish spaces. We both regularly receive unsolicited advice from peers: “Why don’t you straighten your hair? You would look so different!” (aka better).
In these comments, we hear a desire for Jewish women to adhere to the white standard of beauty privileged in our society, which mandates sleek straight hair.
When a Jewish women’s organization recently announced its top 12 leaders of the year, we were not surprised to scroll down a page of images of women with straight hair. This is the preferred “professional look.”
This is common in Jewish spaces, and it’s not just about aesthetics.
“I have to tell my curly-haired friends that this is a safe place to work,” one colleague observed after attending a staff event at Hartman filled with women who had not flat ironed their hair into submission.
We appreciated the recent article in Tablet describing the trend in Israel of embracing “natural hair positivity,” i.e., curls. It is a good start for hairstylists to learn how to cut and manage curly hair.
But we need to go further. We must embrace individuals sporting naturally curly hair or kippot or payot as acceptably groomed and professional — and the full range of Jewish ethnic, racial and denominational diversity as just that, Jewish.
We know it’s a privilege that curly-haired women can straighten their hair to fit in or “pass,” while others cannot change their physical features. Straightening, coloring and updos can also be fun, and women should delight in the many options that we have. But let’s make sure we are doing it because we want to, not because we are subconsciously internalizing derisive tropes about Jews.
Jewish looks have been demonized to justify bullying, shaming, marginalizing or even harming Jews. Within our own communities, these stereotypes have resulted in a self-mocking shame of looking “too Jewish” — and simultaneously, the exclusion of Jews who don’t “look Jewish” enough. We can combat these tropes by resisting our own impulse to correct, erase or otherwise hide the actual or perceived markers of our identity, embracing the full diversity of the Jewish community, and celebrating the unique and diverse beauty of a people long derided.
Originally published on JTA.org | <urn:uuid:ea7a7627-d946-429e-b847-34f96eb8d183> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://www.hartman.org.il/wearing-your-natural-curls-is-an-act-of-jewish-resistance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363135.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20211205035505-20211205065505-00411.warc.gz | en | 0.950636 | 1,172 | 2.625 | 3 |
Pfizer's new corona vaccine may be less effective for obese people
A team of researchers at Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri, an Italian general hospital, published a research paper showing that obese people are only about half as effective as Pfizer's new coronavirus vaccine compared to healthy people. This treatise has not yet been peer-reviewed at the time of writing, but it has been suggested that new problems related to the vaccine for the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) may arise.
OBESITY MAY HAMPER SARS-CoV-2 VACCINE IMMUNOGENICITY --2021.02.24.21251664v1.full.pdf
Pfizer vaccine may be less effective in people with obesity, says study | World news | The Guardian
Pfizer and biotechnology companies ' BioNTech ' was jointly developed ' BNT162b2 ' is messenger RNA is a vaccine that was used, and has been that there is a 90% or more of the prophylactic effect against the new coronavirus infection from the development stage. This vaccine is one of three FDA- approved vaccines and must be given twice.
At Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri, 248 healthcare workers received two doses of the Pfizer vaccine, and the team investigated the antibody response seven days after the second dose. As a result, according to WHO standards, only about half the amount of antibody was detected in 'obese' people with a BMI of 30 or more compared to healthy people.
The published paper said, 'Further research is needed, but if the research is substantiated by larger data, new strategies such as giving additional vaccines to obese people will be needed. It is written.
A study by Barry Popkin and colleagues at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that obese people were 113% more likely to be hospitalized with the new coronavirus vaccine and 48% more likely to die than healthy people. Is also clear.
Studies show that obesity increases the risk of death in the new corona by 50%-GIGAZINE
Obese people may have diseases that increase the risk of worsening symptoms due to the new coronavirus, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes , and obesity causes insulin resistance and inflammation, and the body fights infections. Make things difficult.
A study by Scott Naditch and colleagues at Duke University shows that the flu vaccine is also less effective in obese people.
Symptoms such as those mentioned above can weaken the antibody response after vaccination.
Danny Altmann of Imperial College London said, 'In countries with a lot of obesity, continuing to apply existing vaccination programs may be ineffective and it is necessary to observe antibody reactions etc. over a long period of time. '.
in Science, Posted by log1p_kr | <urn:uuid:27c286ad-59ed-4bc8-b4b0-525a6233a263> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20210302-pfizer-vaccine-less-effective-obesity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046155268.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20210805000836-20210805030836-00569.warc.gz | en | 0.945497 | 597 | 2.609375 | 3 |
In order to meet upcoming state standards in science and technology, staff members have rewritten the science curriculum to offer a wider range of topics to both the seventh and eighth grade students.
The Integrated Science classes at the seventh grade level include an introduction to Biology, Geology, and global Ecology. In Biology, students learn about the basics of all living organisms from the cell and its parts to the six kingdoms of living things. In Geology students are introduced to the composition of the earth and its atmosphere. In Ecology, students are shown how living things respond and survive in the environment.
The Integrated Science classes in eighth grade include an introduction to Astronomy, Physical Science, and Pennsylvania Ecology. In Astronomy student will learn about the stars, planets, and other heavenly bodies and how they relate to humans on Earth. In Physical Science students learn the basic concepts of chemistry,forms of energy, and other properties of physics. Lastly, in PA Ecology, the concentration falls on the ecological relationships of the flora and fauna of Pennsylvania.
Incoming seventh graders will have a total of six different science concentrations over the course of their two year stay at Founders' Hall. Our unique curriculum will give students one of the most well rounded, integrated science education in the Mon Valley Area. | <urn:uuid:7ee66534-f0f4-4a61-8a24-c392417da3ad> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.mckasd.net/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&ModuleInstanceID=348&ViewID=7b97f7ed-8e5e-4120-848f-a8b4987d588f&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=220&PageID=279&Comments=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510238.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927003313-20230927033313-00363.warc.gz | en | 0.921852 | 256 | 3.359375 | 3 |
In Greek, the name Anthurium means “tail flower,” and refers to the long tail-like projection of the flower. The plant is native to Central and South America, where it is grown as a perennial evergreen plant. In our area, Anthurium are considered houseplants.
There are over 600 species of Anthurium, many of which are grown in tropical climates or warm greenhouses; only a few are suitable for growing indoors.
A member of the Arum family, which also includes Peace Lilies, Philodendron, Dieffenbachia and Chinese Evergreen, these houseplants serve us well as indoor air cleaners, especially during the winter months when windows remain closed for long periods of time.
They are grown both for their attractive, glossy foliage and brightly colored flowers, which are quite elegant and beautiful. The heart-shaped flowers, frequently red, are really spathes, waxy, modified leaves that encircle a fleshy tail where the tiny real flowers are found.
Well-grown Anthuriums will produce long-lasting flowers at any time of the year. They won’t tolerate freezing temperatures, preferring normal house temperatures of 70 to 75 degrees.
Indoors during most of the year, Anthuriums grow best in bright, but not direct sunlight. During periods of lower light intensity, flower production will slow down or cease. For that reason, your Anthurium can be given some direct sunlight or at least moved closer to the window in winter.
These plants appreciate a coarse and well-drained growing medium. Anthuriums are happy when grown with equal parts of peat moss, pine bark and perlite. They prefer to have their roots slightly pot-bound, so don’t be in a rush to move up to a larger pot until it’s really necessary.
Well-drained soil is important and careful watering is vital. Water thoroughly and then allow the soil to dry slightly before watering again. If your plant is allowed to dry out too much it will slow down the growth cycle, cause the tips of the leaves to burn and result in root damage. Overwatering also can be a problem, since it will cause the roots to rot.
Keep your Anthurium looking well-groomed by removing any faded or brown flowers and dead or unsightly foliage. Fertilize every other week during the growing season from March through October.
Your plant will need a six-week rest period during winter so it can get ready for the spring period of regrowth. Flowering will cease at this time and you can cut back on watering. In March, as the days grow longer, resume regular watering and feeding. If the plant needs repotting, now is the time to do it.
Georgie Hicinbothem, a member of the Annadale Garden Club recently repotted an Anthurium she purchased several years ago in a supermarket. The plant, which she grew in her living room bow window, where it received morning sun, “bloomed all the time, but had four or five ‘crowns’ and needed a larger pot,” she said.
The new pot is about 15 inches in diameter; Georgie’s hoping the plant shortly will adjust to being disrupted and resume production of its lovely pinky-red blooms.
She could have separated the crowns by gently pulling them apart, but chose to deal with a single large pot. If she had divided the plant, she would have to make sure there were some roots in each division. It is recommended to plant your Anthurium a bit lower in the pot than it previously was growing.
Another option would be to take cuttings from the tip of stems that have become leggy with exposed aerial roots. Remove any dead or damaged foliage before taking cuttings, then, using a pruning shears or sharp knife that preferably has been sterilized with alcohol, cut the stem at the base of the crown as close to the main stem of the mother plant as possible. Make sure each cutting has two nodes, several leaves and some aerial roots. Several cuttings may be potted up in one container.
You may need to temporarily stake your cuttings until they have become established. Any aerial roots growing above the soil should be covered with moss, if possible, and watered. Keep a plastic bag over the new cuttings to maintain humidity for several weeks.
Garden club members Georgie, Terry De Fazio and Pam Berti all grow Anthurium successfully. Georgie and Terry keep theirs indoors year-round, while Pam’s spends the growing season on her shady back steps from May until October.
There is not a lot of light in her home, so Pam feels her Anthurium does better outdoors. One year she even planted it in the garden — although I wouldn’t recommend this —where it did well, then dug it up and brought it back indoors in fall.
Since all these growers are successful in managing to keep their Anthuriums in bloom year-round, it appears so long as their plants are happy in their location, they shouldn’t change a thing.
Pam has had her Anthurium for at least 10 years and repots in spring using Schultz or Miracle Gro potting soil. She sprinkles some Osmocote (a timed-release fertilizer) on the top of the soil every March, and nothing else the rest of the year.
In garden centers, you most likely will find Anthurium “Scherzerianum,” the easiest to grow and most common variety. New to the industry is Anthurium “Surprise,” which has dark red to light pink and white mottled flowers, with no two alike.
If you like to try growing something new and have never tried growing an Anthurium now may be a perfect time to pick one up.
Water will freeze less quickly and warm up faster when a mirror is placed in the bottom of a birdbath.
Lee Gugliada is past president of the Great Kills Garden Club and past director of First District Federated Garden Clubs of New York State. | <urn:uuid:8a48b680-22dc-4a29-9293-4d85f27d34f2> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.silive.com/homegarden/garden/index.ssf/2011/01/enjoy_anthuriums_glossy_foliag.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207928486.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113208-00295-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96204 | 1,294 | 3.328125 | 3 |
ORIGIN OF STREET NAMES
From The Story of Belfast by Mary Lowry (circa 1913)
IT is very interesting to trace the familiar names of the places we know back to the beginning and find the reason for some peculiar names. Ballymacarret means the town of McArt.
Wolfhill was a wild, lonely place where the last wolf was killed, but we may suppose that there must at one time have been more than one wolf in residence there, hence the name. The name of Crumlin Road is obvious, for it was simply the only road to Crumlin, and a hilly journey it was in the old times.
The Antrim Road is comparatively new. Carrick Hill was in ancient times called Carrickfergus Street, as it was then the direct road to the city of that name. The part called Carrickfergus Street is now known as North Queen Street. Carlisle Circus was named for the Earl of Carlisle, who was Viceroy of Ireland at the time it was planned.
Five Earls of Donegall in regular succession for one hundred and fifty years account for the name of " Arthur " being so frequently used, and five ladies of the Donegall family gave the name of "Anne" to a great many places.
One Lady Donegall was named Letitia, and Lettice Hill owes its name to her. It was then a famous country retreat, with orchards and gardens, near "My Lord's meadows," and the Lady Letitia spent much leisure time there.
"Cow Lane," now Victoria Street, was where the cows were driven through when they were taken to graze on the Strand ground, and Goose Lane was named for a similar reason. Skipper Street was where the "skippers" or captains of the vessels lived, and it was then close to the docks.
Bridge Street was the principal bridge over the river in High Street, and it was here that the "May Pole" was a striking feature for many years. The last Maypole left remaining in Ireland is still to be seen in the High Street in Holywood. Church Street was so called from the old Corporation Church. It was formerly known as School-house Lane.
Bank Lane was once known as the "Bank of the River." Fountain Street was once called "Water Street," as it was there that the fountains were, that at one time supplied the town with water.
Hercules Street was named after Sir Hercules Langford, and Sugar House Entry from the sugar-refining industry which was carried on there. It was to No. 13 in this entry that the dead body of poor, ill-fated Henry Joy McCracken was carried by his friends, after he was hanged at the Market House in the year 1798.
Corn Market was once called the "Shambles." It was a favourite place for butchers' shops, and from the Plough Hotel, the last of the night mail coaches ran to Dublin. The memory of the name lingers still in the "Plough Buildings." Belfast Castle gave the name to many surrounding places, and Linen Hall Street was opened through the Castle Gardens when the Linen Hall was built. Old Forge and New Forge were named so, as they were used for smelting iron.
One of the most curious names remains with us in "The Donegall Pass." There was no road at one time between the Dublin and Ormeau Roads, but Lord Donegall opened six wide avenues through the woods, and they were known as the passes. Donegall Pass alone keeps the old name, and people were allowed to use the footpath through the trees "to pass" from one road to the other. Ormeau was built after the Castle in Castle Place was destroyed by fire. It was once a fine house beautifully situated on the bank of the Lagan, with spacious grounds and gardens, and some of the old trees now in the Ormeau Park may then have been the "young elms" that gave it the name of Ormeau.
The graveyard at Newtownbreda dates from the year 1180, and is still used.
Another very old place and name is "Friar's Bush" on the Stranmillis Road. It was once a monastery, but it owes the curious name to a holy friar, who was said to have been endowed with some miraculous powers, and it was beside the ancient tree in the centre of the graveyard that he performed his daily devotions, hence the name of "Friar's Bush." The inscription on his tombstone is " This stone Marks Ye Friar's Grave, A.D. 485," so he must have been one of the early disciples of St. Patrick, who had visited this place some time before.
From the great Cromac woods, on to Stranmillis, the country was stocked with deer, and was used for hunting and hawking. Cromack means bending or stooping, a winding river.
Malone Road was once called "Mylone," or "Myllon," "the plain of the lambs," and we find goats' whey and pure milk advertised to be sold at Donegall Pass, the "Throne" gardens, and at Millfield. The Falls Road gets its very curious name from the Irish words " Tuath-na-bhfal" district of the falls or hedges, and Castlereagh from the Grey Castle where King Conn O'Neill once lived. Waring Street was named from Thomas Waring, who had tanneries there in the year 1645. He made a curious will, leaving his wife "fifteen pounds a year, two rooms and the kitchen furniture, also the beds therein, one Sylver cupp, two best Sylver spoons, and one park of land near the North Gate." Waringstown is named for the same family. Thomas Waring had a son William, whose daughter, Jane Waring, was known as Dean Swift's "Varina." She refused to marry him, although it was said that he waited for her for four years.
Mustard Street was named from the mustard works there, and Mount-pottinger and Pottinger's Lane from the famous Pottinger family. Thomas Pottinger paid £20 a year rent for all of Ballymacarrett. It was once a forest, and from Queen's Bridge to the Rope Works at Connswater there were only two houses. May's Dock was the original bed of the Blackstaff River at the old Police Office, and it flowed into the Lagan at Queen's Bridge. Sir Edward May reclaimed all the ground along Great Edward Street, where the high-water line was.
A paved road from West Holywood is now called Strandtown. The Strand extended to Connswater and was crossed by a ford, and if continued in a straight line across the Lagan it comes out at Waring Street. Lord Avonmore reclaimed part of the causeway across the Strand. There was then no road through Ballymacarrett. Sixty years ago the Queen's Island was a public park with gardens and trees and a great Crystal Palace with a zoological collection. The shallow water behind was used for bathing, and a row of bathing boxes was there, and there was also a bathing pond on the Lagan. Small ferry boats took people across the river for a charge of one halfpenny. Townsend Street was once the end of the town. North Street was the nursery for many well-known merchants. Callendar Street was where calico was calendered. Hyde Park was named for a family called Hyde. In the year 1800, a row of small cottages thatched with straw, stood where the Commercial Buildings are now. Thatched houses were in Donegall Street and Corn Market. In 1810, there was a thatched house in High Street exactly where Messrs. Patterson's is now. It was two stories high, and was used as the Blind Asylum of the town.
The Vicarage House was at the corner of Talbot Street in the church yard, and the house of the Master of the Academy at the other side of the Church at Academy Street. In the year 1801, Donegall Street must have been a damp place, for a gravelled footpath was ordered to be made for the health of the soldiers, as "dry feet are of the utmost importance and wet ones a most fertile cause of disease for armies." It was paved from the Poorhouse to the Academy walls, and the upper part was surrounded by fields and trees. The old Rampart was still beyond the Academy. We read of a house to be let, 34, Castle Street, with a most elegant garden adjoining, abundant vegetables, well-stocked fruit and wall trees. There are some well-stocked fruit shops there now, but no "elegant gardens."
One Arthur Thompson, advertises his farm at Fountainville of over ten acres, and in the year 1802 it was worth £10 a year. A little higher up the Malone Road, Fruit Hill was let at £8 15s. for twelve acres. The Malone Turnpike was at the top of the hill where Mount Charles is now, and when the Lisburn Road was made it was moved lower down, and the old toll-house is still there. A good house was advertised in Smithfield Square with a field to graze two cows. It would be an expensive place to graze cows now!
A large house stood alone at the corner of York Street, which was built by the old Stevenson family, and it is now known as the Oueen's Hotel.
When rebuilding in High Street twenty-five years ago at Messrs. Greenfields, walls were found that were built of turf.
The last thatched house in Belfast was in Frederick Street, and it was said that Lord Edward Fitzgerald was hidden in the roof of it when a price was set upon his head, but no reward, however large, would have tempted the owner of the small thatched cottage to betray his visitor.
We must close this chapter with a very brief notice of the Long Bridge. Before it was built in 1682, people had to cross the Lagan by Shaw's Bridge or a ferry boat. The new bridge was a wonderful sight, for it was 2,562 feet long, and had twenty-one arches. Ten years after it was built seven arches fell in, weakened by Schomberg's heavy cannon passing over it, and a ship was driven up against it, thus completing the disaster.
Garmoyle, the well-known anchorage, is named from an old word meaning "heaps of fish."
Friday has been the market day in Belfast for over three hundred and twenty years. Where the Belfast Bank now stands at the end of Donegall Street was once known as " The Four Corners," and it was a favourite place for open-air meetings to be held. | <urn:uuid:3e5d86e2-8fc9-4b67-b765-6f8d24665dd6> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://www.libraryireland.com/Belfast-History/Origin-Street-Names.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00340-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989789 | 2,270 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Cerenkov (or Cherenkov) radiation is a bit of nineteenth century physics that stumbled into the twentieth. It could have been (and to some degree was, by the physicist Heaviside) predicted in the 1880s, but this effect was discovered by accident, perhaps by the Marie and Pierre Curie. It was studied in detail by Pavel Cerenkov in the 1930s, and explained a few years later by Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm. The three of them won the 1958 Nobel prize for their work.
What was the basic observation? Cerenkov studied the blue light appearing when radioactive objects (i.e. containing atoms whose nuclei decay to other nuclei by spitting off high-energy particles, including electrons and positrons [anti-electrons]) were placed near water and other transparent materials. We now know that any electrically charged particle, such as an electron, traveling with sufficiently high energy through water, air, or any other transparent medium, will give off bluish light. This light moves outward from the particle at a particular angle to the particle’s motion.
What’s going on? As Frank and Tamm understood, this is a photonic boom, quite analogous to the sonic boom that is created by a supersonic aircraft traveling through air faster than the speed of sound, or to the bow wave of a ship sailing through water. Light in a transparent medium will traverse that medium at a speed different from the speed of light in vacuum, because of the interactions between the light and the charged particles (electrons and atomic nuclei) that make up the medium. For instance, in water light travels about 25% slower than it does in empty space! And so it is easy for a high-energy electron to travel faster than light travels in water, while remaining slower than light’s speed in vacuum. If such a particle passes through water, it creates an electromagnetic shock wave, analogous to the shock wave that a supersonic jet aircraft makes in the density of air. And that shock wave radiates out from the particle, just as the sonic shock radiates from the airplane, carrying off energy in many different forms (wavelengths) of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. There’s more energy created at the violet end of the rainbow than at the red end, and that’s why the light looks dominantly blue to our eyes and brains.
This type of radiation is enormously useful in particle physics, since it provides a terrific way to detect high-energy particles! Not only can we observe the presence of a high-energy charged particle by observing the light that it radiates, we can learn more by studying the light in detail. The precise pattern of the light can be used to determine (a) what path did the particle take across the medium, (b) how much energy was it carrying, and even (c) something about its mass (since electrons will scatter in the medium and make a jittery ring, whereas heavier particles will not do so.) A number of very important experiments, including ones that have won Nobel prizes, rely on this type of radiation, including some of those that have played a major role in studying the properties of neutrinos, e.g. SuperKamiokande.
Cerenkov radiation is also very useful in checking whether Einstein’s theory of relativity is an accurate description of nature. Cosmic rays, particles flying in from outer space (which often hit something in the atmosphere and make a large shower of particles that can be detected by observers on the ground), can in rare cases carry extraordinarily high energy, as much as 100 million times more energy than the protons at the Large Hadron Collider. These particles are (as far as we can tell) produced many light years away from earth, in powerful astronomical events such as supernovas. Now suppose the speed of light were not an ultimate speed limit, and those particles traveled faster than the speed of light in the vacuum of outer space. Then these ultra-high-energy particles would undergo Cerenkov radiation too. And because they have so far to travel, they would lose much of their energy to this radiation. It turns out this energy loss can be very rapid, and that these particles could not travel astronomical distances and keep their ultra-high-energy unless their speed remained extremely close to or below the speed of light.
In short, if cosmic rays at ultra-high-energies could move faster than the speed of light, then we shouldn’t observe any cosmic rays at ultra-high-energies at all, because they should all lose most of their energy long before they reach earth. But we do observe them. [Tiny loophole, I think: we are almost certain most of them are charged: their properties indicate they feel the strong nuclear force, and the only stable particles that could travel such distances are protons and more generally atomic nuclei, all of which have electric charge. If you open this loophole a bit, you would reduce the constraint somewhat, but it would still be pretty strong.] So therefore we can conclude: the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (as well as any cosmic rays at lower energy) cannot exceed the speed of light by more than a very tiny number. Estimates from the late 1990s due to the very famous physicists Sidney Coleman and Sheldon Glashow (who were the first I am aware of to make this argument, but who might well have been preceded by other authors; please let me know if you are familiar with earlier papers) put this tiny number at about ten parts in a trillion trillion. The constraints from experiment have probably improved since then. [Will try to find updated numbers, and ones without any possible loopholes.]
Similarly, the simple fact that we observe high-energy electrons puts limits on their speed relative to that of light. The most recent claim I’ve read (still trying to figure out its source) is that observation of electrons with energies up to half a TeV imply that electrons cannot exceed the speed of light by more than a part per thousand trillion. | <urn:uuid:32831dd2-d641-49b5-8b5d-f3edc43dc01f> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/particle-physics-basics/cerenkov-radiation/?like=1&_wpnonce=5e79d40c83 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886110578.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20170822104509-20170822124509-00615.warc.gz | en | 0.962352 | 1,246 | 3.953125 | 4 |
Ap Us History Essay Questions Great Depression
Most essay questions will have one or more "key words" that indicate which organizational pattern you should use in your answer. The six most common organizational patterns for essay exams are definition, analysis, cause and effect, comparison/contrast, process analysis, and thesis-support.
1. The most common mistake in writing application essays is simply not following the guidelines. Understanding the essay question before writing is very important.
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What we're looking at
To kick off mental-health-awareness month in May, the Arizona Department of Health Services held a panel discussion with mental-health officials and community leaders. The flier announcing the event said one in four Arizonans has a diagnosable mental illness.
"Did you know that 1 in 4 Arizonans have a diagnosable mental illness?"
A flier and e-mail sent to media and others on April 25, 2011.
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, one in four adults -- or about 57.7 million Americans -- "experience a mental health disorder in a given year."
The Arizona health department and NAMI base the one-in-four statistic on a study published in 2005 by Ronald C. Kessler, a professor of health-care policy at Harvard Medical School. Kessler is the principal investigator for the National Comorbidity Survey, the first national survey of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders.
Kessler's primary finding was that mental disorders are widespread, with 26.2 percent of adults surveyed meeting the criteria during a one-year period for some type of mental disorder diagnosable under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The survey found 22 percent of cases were classified as serious, 37 percent moderate and 40 percent mild. Nearly 30 percent of the cases were anxiety or mood disorders.
The study included in-person interviews with more than 9,200 people, from 2001 to 2003. Significant limitations included underrepresentation of key groups, including the homeless, people who were institutionalized and those who couldn't speak English. Kessler said those limitations made the findings conservative.
The study also failed to include some diagnoses, including schizophrenia.
The state health department extrapolated the results of the nationwide survey. No such study has been done in Arizona, for children or adults. The health department's claim doesn't distinguish between adults and children, or between Arizona and the national average.
Kessler is in the process of completing a National Comorbidity Survey for adolescents, the first such study in the U.S.
There is no reason to believe Arizonans deviate from the national average, or that children are more or less likely than adults to have diagnosable conditions, said Michael S. Shafer, director of the Center for Applied Behavioral Health Policy at Arizona State University.
"As a general rule of thumb, to say one in four Arizonans have some kind of diagnosable mental-health condition is probably an accurate statement," Shafer said. "The majority ... are functioning fine or near-fine."
Bottom line: The health department took a national statistic for adults and applied it to all Arizonans, including children. Since there's no such study that has been done in Arizona, it's impossible to verify the figure. However, the one-in-four statistic is widely held among behavioral-health research -- even though it's also a broad estimate.
Please tell us about the issue you want us to check. Be as specific as possible so our team can track down the claim in question.
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AZ Fact Check: Keeping Arizona Honest
AZ Fact Check is a service of The Arizona Republic, 12 News and the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University. It is not affiliated with www.FactCheck.org, a project of the Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. | <urn:uuid:99316ec1-0992-4048-b00f-5186e420d28a> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.azcentral.com/news/election/azelections/azfactcheck/fact-story.php?id=240 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164044626/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133404-00081-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956082 | 710 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Cold War Resources
Cold War Resources
On the World Wide Web
The Cold War, From Beginning to End
Visitors to this Web page from Time Magazine will find links to articles that discuss the Cold War, from beginning to end. The articles cover many topics, some of which are the building of the Berlin Wall, the breakdown of the Soviet Union, and life in the Communist bloc countries after the fall of the Berlin Wall. For the student who is particularly interested in studying post-cold war life in the former bloc countries, these articles provide an interesting, personal perspective on the changes that have taken place in the governments and lives of the people.
Cold War and Anti-Communism
After World War II, foreign relations between the United States and the Soviet Union dissolved into a Cold War. Anti-communism activities became the order of the day in the 1950s, as conservative politicians sought to expose Communist subversion and seditious activities. With the educational system identified as the most likely venue for Communist penetration, professors were subjected to hearings and teachers were asked about their membership in political organizations. Public workers were required to take loyalty oaths and accusations were widespread among labor unions. The Chicago Police Department collected information on more than 250,000 individuals under surveillance for Communist associations.
The Cold War
The Cold War is a term that refers to the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II. It was a time of unfriendliness between the two countries because of their opposing political systems. There was never a military battle between the US and Soviet Union, but there were threats and a possibility of nuclear attack. Here you can read about the Korean War and American military in Korea, President John F. Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis, and other topics related to the Cold War.
Cold War: A Brief History
The threat of nuclear destruction existed between the United States and the Soviet Union for more than four decades following World War II. Known as the Cold War, both superpowers lived under the shadow of thermonuclear devastation as they raced to build more powerful bombs. Find out which other world superpowers developed nuclear weapons and learn how war almost broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Investigate efforts to control the arms race as the world learned more about the dangers of nuclear contamination.
EBSCO Resources on the Cold War
EBSCO is a magazine and newspaper database with both current and historical articles, encycopedia entries, biographies, video clips, and much more. To see what EBSCO contains on the Cold War, or to perform your own search for information, please click on this link .
EBSCO requires a user ID and password. If you do not know it, please ask your teacher or email the librarian. | <urn:uuid:64769d1b-8409-4dd7-971e-eb368dc57a6f> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.tfd215.org/south/academics/academic/socialstudies/coldwarresources/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510734.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001005750-20231001035750-00884.warc.gz | en | 0.9484 | 649 | 3.234375 | 3 |
|Discovery sits on Launch Pad 39B at Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida|
The U.S. space agency NASA says a launch of the shuttle Discovery
will not occur before Sunday, and most likely will take place some time after that. The agency has begun an intensive effort to figure out why a crucial fuel level sensor is not working correctly, delaying the first shuttle mission since the loss of the orbiter Columbia
over two years a go.
Deputy shuttle manager Wayne Hale says NASA is beginning a nationwide effort among its various centers and contractors to troubleshoot the fuel sensor problem that canceled Wednesday's planned shuttle launch to the International Space Station.
Mr. Hale says that if the problem is relatively simple and technicians are extremely lucky, a Sunday launch is possible, but far from guaranteed.
"This represents a very optimistic, good luck scenario, which I think is not very credible. What are we are more likely into is several days of troubleshooting. That's the best I've got right now," he said.
The problem sensor is one of four in the shuttle's fuel system that monitor levels of liquid hydrogen. Four others show levels of liquid oxygen fuel. If levels are low, properly working sensors signal a computer to shut off the main engines before internal damage can occur. NASA rules require all eight sensors to work for launch to take place. The faulty unit incorrectly indicated low hydrogen levels immediately after the tank had been filled.
Mr. Hale could not say if the sensor difficulty can be fixed at the launch pad or would require a slow rollback of Discovery into its hangar.
If Discovery is rolled back, Mr. Hale says it is still theoretically possible to have a July launch. If not, September would be the next opportunity to return to flight after the long moratorium for safety upgrades. This is based on the space station's position and the agency's requirement to launch during daytime so cameras can record any launch damage that might occur of the kind that doomed Columbia in 2003.
After all NASA has invested in making shuttles safer to fly, Mr. Hale is philosophical about the fuel gauge difficulty.
"Going into space is right at the limits of human technology right at the start of the 21st century," he explained. "We're doing something that is extremely difficult. If you think this is routine, you surely don't understand what it is we're trying to do here."
When Discovery does fly, it will carry vital supplies and equipment to the space station. Its astronauts will also test new methods to repair shuttle damage in orbit, a capability NASA did not have when launch debris punctured Columbia's surface after liftoff. | <urn:uuid:d3386bd2-0cc9-44c5-96aa-9aea53a0a877> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2005-07-14-voa67-67394397/275649.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463611569.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20170528220125-20170529000125-00397.warc.gz | en | 0.95868 | 540 | 2.5625 | 3 |
This ammonite is probably from the Portland Sand. Ammonites belong to a group of animals known as cephalopods, from the Greek ‘cephalo’, meaning head and ‘pod’ meaning foot. They have a big head, large eyes and tentacles that developed from a primitive ‘foot’. Modern cephalopods include the nautilus, squid, cuttlefish and octopus.
Find out more about ammonites on the molluscs pages. | <urn:uuid:c7662d0e-d800-49b7-b29c-8853fcaa9738> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | https://jurassiccoast.org/fossilfinder/1175-ammonite/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267164925.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20180926121205-20180926141605-00284.warc.gz | en | 0.949074 | 106 | 2.625 | 3 |
Technique is basics of the basics!
It goes without saying that in order to win the sport top you need to have 3 things: talent (20%), hard work (40%) and good professional coach (40%). And it’s not a secret that the latest thing is very and very problematic to get. Good professional coach is a really rare thing. Very often those gymnasts, who were great in the past, become just middling coaches, and that’s the reason of problems! A child seems to do her best, but the results are very low. At the same time many parents see how other gymnastics whizkids work miracles on the carpet during the competitions, in spite of the fact that they are so young. And they say in grief that these kids are gifted, but their own child is not. Is that really so categorical?
Well, no! And we can declare it with full responsibility. A lot depends on the coach, on how she explains to a young gymnast the technique of doing this or that element. Very often couach show an element (or asks an older gymnast to show it) and says: “Do it!”. And girls start working hard, they repeat 100 times the same element, but fail it again and again. Coach says: “Very bad!”, but your kid is workaholic and she tries and tries again running around like headless chicken. Only one thing is necessary – to show how to do the element correctly and in detail; what arms, legs, wrists, back do during the exercise, for example, in other words, to provide full explanation of every movement. Coach should understand theory first, if she does she will see the reason of failures. Often, many new elements consist of the elements the gymnast can already do, or they have something in common with the learnt elements. And, of course, this should be explained, as a young gymnast may not notice that. So coach should know the theory and be able to explain the exercise in details, as there’s no use to repeat incorrect movements.
Here’s some elements, shown by famous Russian gymnasts. Videos are in Russian, but still very understandable.
Here’s also some information about rhythmic gymnastics technique, which is useful as for a gymnast as for a coach. Gymnasts’ parents also should read it in order to understand rhythmic gymnastics principles better.
Flexibility is an ability to move with high amplitude. There are active and passive flexibility. Active flexibility can be achieved by muscle tension, a passive one - by external actions.
Flexibility depends on:
- Muscles structure
- Elasticity length of ligaments, sinews and muscles
- Environment Temperature (the higher, the better)
- Time of a day (flexibility is low in the morning)
- Fatigue (passive flexibility gets better, active – worse)
How to develop flexibility:
- Exercise for relaxation (give the result of 12-15%)
- Smooth movements with high amplitude
- Repeated bouncing movements
- Battements with gradually rising amplitude
Exercises on flexibility give great results if you do them in the first part of a training after warm-up and in the last part, when you’re tired. First, do these exercises in a day, so that muscles could rest enough. Gradually start doing them every day.
Quickness in rhythmic gymnastics is an ability to do movements in a short period of time. There are 4 types of quickness in rhythmic gymnastics:
- Time of reaction
- Time of one movement
- Quick start
Most of the sport movements should be quick.
Quickness development methods
- Exercises on quick reaction on the moving object (stop, catch, beat or rollback)
- Exercises on quick choice (what to do now)
We will tell you about rotating moves by the wrist. They can be classified depending on:
- axis of rotation
- plane of rotation
- body part which rotates the object
If the axis of rotation goes through the apparatus’ diameter, such rotations are called “whirls”. They can be with holding and also free, supporting and flying. Floor, wrist, leg or other body parts can be a support for “whirls”.
Rotations can be of several types, depending on the plane:
Rotation is usually made by the wrist, but it can be made by other body parts (leg, neck, torso)
Spring ability is the quality of speed and strength in rhythmic gymnastics. It depends on force, elasticity and muscular activity. Pushing, flying and landing techniques are very important.
Spring ability can be developed by:
- Exercise on stretching (develops the elasticity of legs’ muscles
- Exercise on the development of leg’s muscles (feet, knees, hips)
- Exercise on muscular activity development
- Exercise on technique perfection
Landing perfection – jumps from high objects
Pushing – bouncing movements, jumps on one or two feet with coordination work of other body parts.
Flying – deep jumps
- Repeated exercises with enough rest
- Speed orientation
- More complicated conditions (with the weight)
- Games and competitions
01 Sep 2016 at 06:00
01 Sep 2016 at 06:00
01 Sep 2016 at 06:00
Like it? Tell your friends | <urn:uuid:7e9ec50f-914b-4f13-978b-6bed2124c1d6> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | https://au.rg-leotard.com/blog/gymnastics_training_tips/technique_is_basics_of_the_basics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865651.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523121803-20180523141803-00056.warc.gz | en | 0.949605 | 1,140 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Training Courses - HAZMAT, HAZWOPER
Training Courses - complete list
Addresses the goals and various techniques of cause determination, interviewing practices and proper procedures to follow, how and what to document. (3 hours).
Back Injury Prevention
Identifies and teaches basic anatomy and physiology of the back. Teaches safe lifting techniques, proper body mechanics, how to protect the spine, stretching & exercise to prevent back injury. (1.5 hours).
Blood Borne Pathogen
Required for persons that have the potential of coming in contact with infectious materials (blood & other bodily fluids). Identifies methods of exposure routes of various infectious diseases, personal protective equipment used to prevent contamination. (3 hours).
29 CFR 1910.1030
Confined Space, Awareness level
Participants will understand the safety requirements for entering a confined space. Identification and definitions of a confined space, hazards, flammable/toxic atmospheres, oxygen concentrations, PPE limitations and introduction to permit system. (4 hours)
29 CFR 1910.146
Confined Space, Operations level
Identifies and describes the positions required to conduct a permit entry, what information is required on a permit, atmospheric monitoring equipment, Toxicology, PEL & IDLH values, ventilation equipment, mechanical lowering/retrieval devices, Communication system. (6 hours)
29 CFR 1910.146
Confined Space, Rescue
Provides the required practical exercise utilizing identified mechanical lowering and retrieving equipment. Identifies the different types of equipment used for lowering, retrieving, ventilation, monitoring and the safety standards this equipment must meet. Main focus is conducting Entries, Victim Recovery, Equipment familiarization/utilization, Communication, Permit Process documentation, PPE, HazCom, (8 hours)
29 CFR 1910.146 (k)
American Heart Association standards certified through the National Safety Council (NSC). Teaches basic life support techniques, cardiopulmonary anatomy, identifies risk factors of Coronary Artery disease & prevention practices. Teaches methods to assist a choking victim & airway management. Two levels of certificates available; adult only, adult, child & infant.
29 CFR 1910.151, 266
Identifies the probability of an earthquake in your area, what actions to take prior, when involved and after, preparedness procedures, equipment, supplies and materials needed. What to do what not to do.
Covers the causes and prevention of electric shock, PPE, basic electrical terms, grounding, GFCI's, housekeeping, extension cords, safe work practices, measurement devices. (2 hours).
29 CFR 1910.331, 332
Review and familiarization of Employers Emergency Response Plan. Covers designated actions employees and employers must take to ensure employee safety from fire and other emergency situations. Identifies roles and procedures for employees to follow when emergency evacuation is warranted. (2 hours)
29 CFR 1910.38
Emergency Response Team
Provides training to a selected group of employees within a plant or facility for the purpose of responding quickly to identified hazards present i.e., Medical Emergencies, Fires, Hazardous Materials Release's, Earthquake, other identified hazards or emergency situations.
29 CFR 1910.38, 1910.120
Addresses the health effects of working at a desk/work station using a video display terminal (VDT), eyestrain, musculoskeletal problems, posture, support. Identifies principals of an ergonomically-correct workstation, resources, equipment prevention strategies, and exercise demonstrations. (1.5 hours) Proposed OSHA Standard
Describes the criteria for eye and face protection required when exposed to several different types of hazards, flying particles, liquid chemicals, corrosives, acids, caustics, vapors, dusts, radiating light.
Identifies approved types of safety equipment and markings. (1 hour).
29 CFR 1910.133, ANSI Z87.1
Fire Extinguisher/ Fire Safety
Identifies the classes of fire, types of fuel, what elements are needed for combustion to take place. Identifies various types of portable fire extinguishers and their firefighting agents. Industrial and home fire safety practices. Live burn with "hands on training". (1.5 hours)
29 CFR 1910.157
We provide certification training through the National Safety Council and American Heart Association. Our instructors have over 15 years of teaching and are very experienced professionals. Our First Aid and CPR staff instructors are Professional
Firefighters from around the Bay Area which put on an exciting and very appropriate level of training.
Click here for complete First Aid/CPR Course details
Review of the standard, the number of accidents caused annually from Forklift operations. Identify the several different types of Industrial Lift Trucks, operating instructions, warning devices, load limits, difference's from an automobile, steering and maneuvering, forks, components, fueling.(4hours)
29 CFR 1910.178
Review of the standard, an understanding of basic chemical safety and the hazards different chemicals possess. Identifies chemical hazard classification, placarding and labeling system, severity of hazard, physical properties, M.S.D.S., exposure routes, PPE. Employee Safety. (1.5hours)
29 CFR 1920.1200
Hearing Protection/ Conservation
Identifies the components of the outer, middle and inner ear, how we hear, what is considered excessive noise, temporary hearing loss, effects of loud noise to the ear, test procedures, preventative measures, safety equipment, proper fitting of appropriate hearing protection devices.
29 CFR 1910. 95, (Required for employees who routinely are subjected to noise levels exceeding an 8-hour TWA of 85 dBA).
Review the purpose and why this became an OSHA standard, the number of accidents caused prior to the standard and how they occurred. This standard applies to the control of energy during servicing and/or maintenance of machines and equipment. Identifies energy sources, what and how to isolate them, equipment used and procedures to follow. Definitions of terms; affected, authorized, and other employees.
29 CFR 1910.147 (Required for those who service and maintain machinery).
A comprehensive overview of radiological principles. Radiation terms and definitions, types of ionizing radiation, exposure, dose rate, monitoring, contamination, dosimetry, PPE. The ALARA principal.
10 CFR 835.902
An overview of the standard and its requirements.
Understanding Medical testing and screening for those who utilize respirators. Identification of various types of respirators and equipment, uses, limitations, advantages, disadvantages, requirement for use. Understanding their components, how they work, safety precautions. How to properly maintain, inspect and clean your respirator. (1.5 hour).
29 CFR 1910.134
Respirator Fit Testing
A requirement for those who utilize respirators.
Qualitative or Quantitative testing is done as required by the OSHA standard to assure proper fit and function to the wearer. (20min per person being tested.)
29 CFR 1910.134 (annual medicals required). | <urn:uuid:604f4305-75d4-4955-a81d-023741c6e999> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | http://calcompliance.com/training.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645362.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20180317214032-20180317234032-00123.warc.gz | en | 0.861523 | 1,457 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Total # Posts: 16
A child who complains of headache and sleepiness after coloring is suffering from what condition?
October 2, 2013
June 22, 2013
PLEASE NUMERICAL ANSWERS FOR A) AND B)
April 9, 2013
8th grade math
I dont get this but this isint 8th grade math its 7th grade
November 30, 2012
If it takes 6 minutes to travel from Point A to Point B at a constant speed of 60 miles per hour, how many minutes does it take to travel the same route from point A to point B a constant speed of 50 miles per hour? I need an equation and a thorough/ clear explanation on how ...
August 9, 2012
can someone please explain how to indicate where a label appears in a product? for example: where the label appears in the patheway 2-[14C]-Glycine --> AMP
May 2, 2011
can someone please explain how to indicate where a label appears in a product? for example: where the label appears in 2-[14C]-Glycine --> AMP
May 2, 2011
January 17, 2011
April 17, 2010
A human gene carries a certain disease from the mother to the child with a probability rate of 53%. That is, there is a 53% chance that the child becomes infected with the disease. Suppose a female carrier of the gene has three children. Assume that the infections of the three...
March 20, 2010
Euler's polyhedral formula: V+F-E = 2 V=number of vertices F=number of faces E=number of edges A right pentagonal prism V-E+F = 2 10-15+7 = 2
January 7, 2010
a=v^2/r =4.8^2/16 =23.04/16 a=1.44
November 28, 2009
what was the role of women during the roman times??????
December 4, 2008
When graphing motion the steepness of the slope depends on
March 31, 2008
My homework is about translating word equations and I need help in answering this question. Sodium phosphate reacts with calcium nitrate to produce sodium nitrate and calcium phosphate. What would be the answer? I also need help with this other question because it is kind of ...
March 11, 2008
please help factor prime expression 4k^2+20k+25 16e^2-4 thank you thank you
March 7, 2008 | <urn:uuid:28059e61-5f20-4eb1-a7d2-9d68a8c6d76f> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.jiskha.com/members/profile/posts.cgi?name=Anony | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535924501.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909013108-00188-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904267 | 520 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Tithonus speaks to his beloved, the goddess Eos (or Aurora). The woods are decaying, men work the land but then die and lie beneath it, and the swan dies after many years. Tithonus, however, lingers on in “cruel immortality.” He has become immortal, but he is old, withering in the arms of his beloved on the eastern edge of the world, and feeling like a wandering shadow.
He was once a man, he says, feeling “glorious in his beauty” and in being chosen by this goddess. He asked for immortality, and she got it for him, yet he still aged and aged. Meanwhile she is eternally young, so their existence is “immortal age beside immortal youth.” Is her love enough to overcome this horror? Why should anyone want this kind of special treatment and avoid the normal death of mortals?
When a soft breeze parts the clouds, Tithonus can see the Earth below. He sees the glimmer in his beloved’s brow, her cheeks reddening, her eyes brightening, at the prospect of bringing dawn with her horses and chariot.
The constant renewal of the dawn brings her to tears when she looks at Tithonus in contrast. Tithonus is afraid that it will be true that “the Gods themselves cannot recall their gifts,” that his situation will continue forever.
He remembers, as if from another life or as another man, when he used to love the experience of the dawn: the outline forming around her, the “sunny rings” of hair, his own blood glowing as the day would warm, the feeling of the dawn kissing him. She would whisper something otherworldly, like “that strange song I heard Apollo sing / While Ilion like a mist rose into towers.”
He asks her to release him and restore him to mortality and the grave because his nature can never truly mix with hers. He experiences the coolness of her “rosy shadows” while the men below are still warmed by the day. These men are happy and possess “the power to die,” and are even happier in death. By letting him go, she would still be able to see his grave eternally. By returning to the Earth he would forget “these empty courts,” while she would continue to bring the dawn on her silver wheels.
Tennyson first wrote “Tithonus” in 1833 as a pendant (companion) poem to parallel “Ulysses.” Tithonus achieves immortality, but not the kind that Ulysses desires. While Ulysses wants to stay alive in order to keep adventuring, ready to fight his next battle despite his old age, Tithonus is stuck in the eternal cycle of the dawn and becomes weaker and colder the longer he lives. While his beloved is happy to go through the same motions day after day, Tithonus (like Ulysses) understands that mortals are built for something else—to live and then to die. With no vision of new adventures ahead, (unlike Ulysses), Tithonus is ready to die.
Like “Ulysses,” “Morte d’Arthur,” and “Tiresias,” “Tithonus” memorializes and expresses Tennyson’s feelings about the death of his close friend Arthur Henry Hallam. It is suggested that he comprised this poem after hearing his fiancée’s comment, “None of the Tennysons ever die.” The poem was changed slightly and published in 1859 in Cornhill Magazine, edited by William Makepeace Thackeray.
The poem is a dramatic monologue spoken by Tithonus, primarily to his beloved, Eos, goddess of the dawn (Aurora in Roman myth). It is seven stanzas in blank verse, and its meter is iambic pentameter, perhaps reflecting the unnatural combination of mortal and immortal. There are no heroic (rhyming) couplets, unless one counts the two lines ending with the same word,
To dwell in presence of immortal youth, / Immortal age beside immortal youth,
which emphasizes the contrast between them.
The poem’s tragic situation is based on the Greek myth of Tithonus of Troy and Eos. Tithonus was not entirely human, being the son of King Laomedon of Troy by a water nymph. In the myth, Eos kidnapped him and asked Zeus for Tithonus to receive eternal life, but she neglected to stipulate eternal youth. Thus, Tithonus grows older and withers away without ever dying. In later versions he becomes a cicada who begs to die. Tennyson’s poem is also indebted to The Fall of Hyperion by John Keats, in which Moneta has a similar fate.
In Tennyson’s poem, Tithonus is the one who requested immortality. He seems to have wanted it for no other purpose than to keep admiring Eos and being admired by her. Though he also was proud of his beauty, he did not think to ask for eternal youth. Thus began the unintended consequences of missing an essential technicality. He is utterly miserable that he cannot partake in the death that is the due of every mortal. People who know they will die will live a different kind of life, perhaps a happier one, and they are all the happier for achieving their natural end when they die (without reference to whatever may happen after that).
Thus “Tithonus,” like “Ulysses,” is a crisis lyric, though the crisis is different. Here death is to be desired, not feared, since it is part of the natural cycle of mortal species. Tithonus rejects the ever-freshness of the dawn cycle of a goddess in favor of absorption into the life-and-death cycle of mortal species. Understanding this point of view clarifies why, in the first stanza, Tithonus admires the swan who dies; he sees his kind of immortality, rather than death, as “cruel.”
One critic, William Flesch, writes that “time is the name for the pressure of eternity, not ephemerality, for a future that will be endless and endlessly more bleak.” This is Tithonus’s experience with time, unlike that of Eos, who brightens up to bring the same dawn to the world over and over again. Her time cycle is truly circular, while his remains linear. He does not properly participate in her natural rhythm, nor does he participate in the kind of human aging that leads properly to death (whether or not one’s existence then opens out into something else).
This problem is understood by Eos: he continually asks her for release from his imprisonment in his withering body, and she answers with tears but no help. Arthur D. Ward notes,
Tithonus’ use of the word “ever” implies that this cycle has been enacted for ages. “Ever thus” she answers his prayer for release only with her tears. Ever frightened by her answer, he eludes it, flees to the past, and emerges to repeat his request and renew the cycle. Thus the structure of Tithonus’ monologue is further evidence of his absolute passivity. As his environment, shaped and measured by the daily departure of Eos and her dawn-chariot, is cyclical and repetitive, so is his consciousness.
Tithonus is trapped, but the reader is not. We are those happy mortals who can choose the life of Ulysses or, if we lack ambition, the quiet confines of daily routine. We can enjoy the feeling of the dawn each morning, at least for the days we have left. | <urn:uuid:4a4f3569-b557-45ae-b35a-fb78bd55c278> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://www.gradesaver.com/tennysons-poems/study-guide/summary-tithonus | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818685129.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20170919112242-20170919132242-00337.warc.gz | en | 0.974379 | 1,669 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Extreme is the new normal
Globally, it’s already a bumper year in terms of extreme weather, according to the World Meteorological Organisation. As freezing temperatures threatened electric power supplies in China this month, traffic lights stopped working in Russia.
At the other end of the scale, Brazil is in the grip of a heatwave which may force power rationing as reservoir levels drop.
Australia’s weather is typically extreme yet incidents are more frequent. Last year it was widespread floods. This year, wildfires flared during a record heatwave that took the country beyond the Goldilocks zone (not too hot, not too cold).
Petrol stations closed down in some areas when petrol began to vaporise in the searing heat. Temperatures were so high that Australian meteorologists had to add more colour bands to their forecasting maps.
Australia’s bureau of meteorology recorded the heatwave as “unprecedented in duration, intensity and extent”.
According to bureau manager David Jones, “Everything that happens in the climate system now is taking place on a planet which is a degree hotter than it used to be.
“The climate system is responding to the background warming trend. Record-breaking heat will become more and more common.”
In contrast, that same week was marked in the Middle East by an extensive snowstorm which closed ports, disrupted fishing and exposed millions of refugees from the Syrian war to freezing wet conditions.
With the UN climate change conference in Doha last month as backdrop, the first public demonstration in Qatar’s history took the form of an environmental protest. Thanks to the Arab Spring revolution, people now speak out more for action on climate change in the Middle East.
There has been some progress in recent months despite the region being home to OPEC oil-producing nations. Saudi Arabia is aiming for 100 per cent renewable energy, after adopting a target of 41 gigawatts of solar energy by 2032. The country’s first utility-scale solar plant is under construction. Qatar has a solar target of 1.8 gigawatts by 2014.
No effective reduction of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions can take place without tackling energy efficiency in buildings. This month the EU extended energy performance requirements to European public buildings larger than 500 square metres.
In 2015, the bar will be lowered even further to buildings larger than 250 square metres. In the heat of the approaching general election, the local energy debate has barely brushed on how and when Malta plans to comply with energy-efficient buildings directive requirements.
So far, only nine EU states have revealed their national plans for moving to near-zero carbon emissions in buildings – Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK.
Minimum requirements for energy performance aim at improving their efficiency by use of building materials, aperture design, control of heating and cooling systems and criteria for lighting. Collection of rainwater also helps improve a building’s energy efficiency performance.
Our changing climate is not the only thing scientists are watching out for today. The global network of ecosystems known as the biosphere could face extinction if impacted by a sufficiently large asteroid.
The effect of a hit would see large quantities of dust blocking out sunlight to cool the planet, creating a biotic crisis – a widespread and rapid decrease in the amount of life on Earth. Happily that is extremely unlikely to happen soon.
At a planetary defence conference held in Spain in 2009 it was recognised that each potential asteroid impact is a unique scenario that may require a tailor-made response. A preliminary design was prepared for rendezvous with a troublesome asteroid due to approach Earth again in 2026 and again in 2036.
Asteroid 99942, known as Apophis, has just gone past us last week, unnoticed by all but astronomers, allowing them to take precise measurements and determine more precisely the asteroid’s return course. As a result of their readings, a collision in 2026 has been ruled out.
As for its return seven years later, the European Space Agency’s advanced concepts team believes deflection can be successful by sending a spacecraft to ward it off. In the meantime, what if we find we have soiled our nest to the extent that it is no longer a pleasant or acceptable place to live?
The other news out there is that there are many potentially habitable Earth-sized planets in the famous Goldilocks zone, a narrow band of conditions comfortable to human life. According to Prof. Chris Tinney, astrophysics researcher at the University of New South Wales, Australia, there may be more planets in our night sky than there are stars, some of which may well be habitable.
Humanity is capable of developing technology to avert destruction by the inevitable asteroid, bound to come our way one day. In contrast, humanity persists in its climate-wrecking habits.
Moving house, to another planet 12 light years away, would be an expensive option which would be open only to an elite few. Shaping up on our climate obligations may well be a better world choice than shipping out.
Of all science topics, climate change is one of the most complex. Hopes for saving our existing planetary home may also rest on new standards for teaching science in US schools, developed by a team of 50 scientists.
Human sustainability is to be taught in high school after a grounding in weather and climate systems at middle school level. Teachers need a trusted source to tell fads and fallacies from proved methods.
Scientific American magazine blogger Anna Kuchment writes: “The voting citizenry needs to understand the complexity of these issues so they won’t be duped by oversimplified slogans. Consumers need to understand the implications of their purchases. Everyone needs to know that Earth systems are more delicate than they might think and conditions at Earth’s surface can change in a hurry.” | <urn:uuid:434b0e78-2700-40eb-9eab-aa5a9962c71c> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20130120/environment/Extreme-is-the-new-normal.453951 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246659319.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045739-00108-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949989 | 1,208 | 2.765625 | 3 |
When it sets up residence in the horse’s hoof, F. necrophorum generally localizes near the frog and is usually most prevalent in the collateral sulci (the grooves adjacent to and in the middle of the triangle-shaped frog) and/or in the central sulcus (the cleft between the heels). Because it’s anaerobic, it thrives in a moist, dark, poorly oxygenated environment. Once the bacteria are established, you can recognize their presence from many clinical signs typically associated with thrush infections:
- Repulsive odor;
- Watery or oily discharge (often black in color);
- Tenderness in the frog region;
- Fissures or deep pockets extending to the heel bulbs; and
- Loss of frog shape and integrity.
Standard texts on equine health will tell you that horses develop thrush because they’re being kept in a sub-standard environment, and there’s no doubt that poor conditions, especially wet conditions, will promote the problem. But most farriers will agree that it’s a more complicated issue that simply can’t be explained away by pointing at dirty stalls and mud puddles.
They’ll say they’ve seen horses with thrush in pristine barns. Likewise, they’ll say they’ve seen other horses with no thrush despite their living fetlock-deep in manure and mud. Thrush management involves performing regular maintenance to maintain the hoof capsule in a balanced, supportive manner, and allowing the horse sufficient exercise.
One of the most important factors in avoiding and/or eliminating thrush is exercise. Even horses living in manure and mud might be working hard all day, getting a lot of activity and moving in a natural manner that promotes good vascularity (level of blood supply) in the foot, which is key to keeping the hoof healthy. The horses standing in those pristine stalls are simply standing, so they are not promoting the same kind of vascularity to generate a healthy foot.
Likewise, the horse that is receiving regular maintenance from a farrier will maintain a more balanced and supportive hoof. And that balance lends itself to even loading, compression, and concussion, all of which promotes good vascularity and overall health.
Thrush treatment will vary according to the severity of the condition. Should the thrush be advanced to the point that the horse is lame, blood is present, and/or puss or proud flesh is present, a veterinarian should be contacted to debride the infected area and administer appropriate medications and possibly a tetanus vaccine or booster.
Less advanced cases (i.e., ones that are not invasive of sensitive tissue), should be debrided and treated aggressively with commercially available products or with a medication obtained from a veterinarian. While home remedies and recipes abound, many are simply inappropriate. For instance, some texts advocate the use of bleach on thrush. The authors of these treatises would likely never pour bleach on an open wound of the hip, yet they willingly recommend that you soak an open hoof wound and its exposed sensitive tissue in bleach.
A good thrush prevention plan includes trimming or shoeing horses properly, exercising animals regularly, and keeping a good horse maintenance plan that includes regular hoof care and a clean living environment.
Reprinted with permission from the Kentucky Horse Council. | <urn:uuid:d91cd6d6-1839-42f4-a57a-c1dab074d7d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://thehorse.com/119138/the-lowdown-on-thrush/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710733.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20221130060525-20221130090525-00602.warc.gz | en | 0.926127 | 696 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Individuals who are obese are at increased risk of developing a combination of medical disorders associated with type 2 diabetes and heart disease known as the metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have suggested that adipose (fat) tissue obesity induces an inflammatory state that is crucial to the development of the metabolic syndrome.
In a new study, Satoshi Nishimura, Ichiro Manabe, and colleagues at the University of Tokyo, Japan have developed a technique based on confocal laser microscopy to visualize cellular interactions within mouse adipose tissue in vivo with high spatiotemporal resolution. Changes indicative of inflammation were observed in the adipose tissue of both mice that were obese through genetic mutations and mice that were obese as a result of being fed a high-fat diet.
In addition, endothelial cells of the adipose tissue could be seen interacting with inflammatory cells known as macrophages, indicating a central role for interplay between these two cell types in the activation of inflammation within the adipose tissue.
The authors therefore concluded that adipose tissue obesity is an inflammatory disease and suggested that this technique might allow the efficacy of potential therapeutics for the treatment of individuals with diseases stemming from adipose tissue obesity to be evaluated in vivo in mice.
Journal article: In vivo imaging in mice reveals local cell dynamics and inflammation in obese adipose tissue. Journal of Clinical Investigation. Jan. 17, 2008
Cite This Page: | <urn:uuid:28f19e51-2690-4e0d-80ba-f4a99731cff2> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080118093619.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131293283.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172133-00152-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946648 | 281 | 2.625 | 3 |
Fiscal year – the basics
In this article I would like to offer a deeper insight into Fiscal Year changes. Fiscal Year is a term which reflects accounting and budgeting period used by governments or companies. It is used as a base for preparing financial statements. As the name suggest, it does not necessarily follow the same structure as the calendar year. The differences between fiscal and calendar year can be its beginning and end – for example Fiscal Year can last from April to March – or in length or number of calendar periods. Therefor, in accounting it is important to distinguish these two terms carefully. Sometimes, Fiscal Year needs to be changed due to company mergers, acquisitions, or other legal requirements.
In SAP, Fiscal Year is defined through the Fiscal Year Variant (FYV). Since it is a variant, meaning there can be more of them, it allows companies to have several Fiscal Years which can be used for different purposes. Let’s say, there can be one FYV for each ledger, so one company can reflect more accounting principles, each of them having a different year beginning and end. When a project is done, we are basically adapting the Fiscal Year Variant.
How to change Fiscal Year in SAP
I will now describe what are possible changes that might need to be done with Fiscal Year Variant. Let’s use for it the following table to understand better how FYV looks:
Fiscal Year Variant F1, lasting from April till March, following 4-4-5 accounting principle:
Posting periods per a specific year:
We can see that this table gives us a lot of freedom to define FYV according to any accounting needs. As in the example above, we can have Fiscal Year lasting from April to March with periods reflecting 4-4-5 week structure.
Any change in FYV, which is assigned to organizational units which are used, should be considered a project.
- Shortened Fiscal Year (in order to change the Fiscal Year beginning and end)
- Posting Periods Change (from calendar end dates to 4-4-5 or vice versa)
- Shortened Fiscal Year + Posting Period Change
- Change of Number of Posting Periods
Why changing the Fiscal Year is not as easy as it seems
Changing the accounting year affects already existing data, so simply changing the definition of the relevant Fiscal Year Variant is not the way to go. Before applying any changes, it is necessary to evaluate potential risks and plan for handling the affected data.
Fiscal year ‘GJAHR’ is a variable used (many times as a key field) in crucial FI and CO tables. The same goes for posting periods ‘PERIV’. Basically, all the FI, FI-AA and CO transactional data, majority of Planning Data, SD, MM, and many other SAP modules use this information which is closely tied to FYV. What happens, if you just decide to change it? These data can become suddenly inconsistent and many transactions will give you hard times when processing them, not mentioning the consequences for financial statements. Unprofessional changes might have grave repercussions on already existing transactional data
For this reason, projects on Fiscal Year changes include thorough system analysis. As a prerequisite for successful change, the first thing that needs close attention is overall consistency of organization structure. This is because the change of FYV will be applied to all objects directly or indirectly assigned to it. Next step is then analysis of the actual data. The result of this is a custom-made recommendation and guidance for handling transactional and planning data. For example, we need to understand how to identify objects which will be affected, how to recalculate production orders or update standard cost estimates.
On top of the analysis, crucial part of the service is a precise configuration of the fiscal calendar with special attention paid to FI-AA. It is essential to adapt (shorten) depreciation of the fixed assets accordingly to shortened year or changed periods. Likewise, the experience, knowledge of methodology and comprehension of the system combine and always lead to successful project delivery.
like it? share it! | <urn:uuid:1c87c9f8-9702-4550-8a0b-bf9670aacc76> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.datavard.com/de/blog/changing-the-fiscal-year-in-sap/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320305260.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220127103059-20220127133059-00517.warc.gz | en | 0.920615 | 847 | 3 | 3 |
Call us : (02) 9938 5419
As your children grow, they learn ways to cope with the sights, sounds, smells, touches and tastes that they are exposed to in the world around them. Childhood also exposes kids to new feelings and experiences. Some of these are exciting and fun, others are worrying and unpredictable.
If your child is particularly sensitive to their environment, he or she could be one of the thousands of children who are described as being ‘sensory defensive’.
Does this sound like your child?
Perhaps your child gets easily ‘revved’ up or frequently becomes emotionally upset, finding it hard to calm down again. Your child may be an extremely fussy child who dislikes certain textures, tastes or sounds. Or perhaps your child is constantly ‘on the go’ and doesn’t seem to be able to sit still.
If any of these descriptions sound like your child, Kids First’s experienced Occupational Therapists have compiled this list of proven therapy ideas that you can put into place at home or even in the classroom.They are easy, cheap and (best of all) effective. We hope they help!
Download your free Fact Sheet:
24 ways to help your child stay regulated
Need help to support your child’s sensory processing?
If you are concerned about your child’s learning, behaviour or social skills, an occupational therapist experienced in supporting children’s sensory needs may be able to help.Kids First Children’s Services’ paediatric Occupational Therapists have years of experience and our purpose built sensory gyms in Sydney’s northern beaches give children space to learn in a fun environment.
Call us on (02)9938 5419 to find out how Occupational Therapy can help your child | <urn:uuid:35a7138f-27de-4a41-aa7f-bea761cfb52a> | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | https://kids-first.com.au/24-ways-to-help-your-child-stay-regulated/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584431529.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123234228-20190124020228-00307.warc.gz | en | 0.951845 | 376 | 2.6875 | 3 |
In this series, we’re looking at the narrative themes of Covenant and Kingdom, as they are the DNA of the Bible and integral for Kingdom people to have active, alive, and relevant walks with Jesus.
Osheta defined Covenant as: Our commitment to become a “beloved community”, a people who choose to be in relationship with God and others because of God’s example of love for us throughout the whole of Scripture.
And Kingdom as: The collective and individual responsibility of the “beloved community” to live in the world as ambassadors of Christ, our King who is the very embodiment of love.
To help us live this Out Jesus gave us a prayer to remember so that we can take these big ideas and make them accessible for us now. Much like a preschool teacher uses rhymes and songs like, “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star” or “Humpty Dumpty”, Jesus used his prayer, which is often called, “The Lord’s Prayer” to help his disciples lives these values out in their every day lives.
The Lord’s Prayer is found in Matthew and goes as follows:
Our Father, who art in heaven,
hallowed be thy name,
thy kingdom come,
thy will be done,
on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread.
And forgive us our trespasses,
as we forgive those
who trespass against us.
And lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil.
For thine is the kingdom,
and the power, and the glory,
for ever and ever. Amen.
The fact that it’s found in Matthew is significant. Matthew, in writing his Gospel, was focused on highlighting the way Jesus embodied the way of the Messiah, and it’s in his account that we receive this valuable guide for embodying the Jesus way. Some scholars believe that Jesus crafted the prayer as a strategic way to teach the disciples — because he knew throughout his ministry, death, and resurrection that he was planning to embody the value in the prayer so that when the disciples would pray it, their minds would call up snapshots of their time with Jesus and his teaching.
Osheta suggests we read and reflect on the Lord’s Prayer daily to reaffirm and recommit our lives to living in Covenant with God and others, and living the Kingdom way, so she led the group through a time of reflecting on each line using the N.T Wright Kingdom New Testament translation which makes the original Greek more readable and natural for a contemporary audience.
This goes as follows:
Our father in heaven,
May your name be honored,
May your kingdom come,
May your will be done
As in heaven, so on earth.
Give us today the bread we need now;
And forgive us the things we owe,
As we too have forgiven what was owed to us.
Don’t bring us into the great trial, but rescue us from evil.
Each line has one big idea for the reader and because Jesus was such an amazing teacher, Osheta highlighted possibly one teaching or snapshot from his ministry where he lived this out.
Our father in heaven, may your name be honored: Our picture of God matters. We should have a picture of God as a tender and loving father, much like in the parable of the Prodigal Son or as many like to refer to it, the parable of the “Loving Father”. When Jesus prayed, “Abba Father” and in this prayer when he begins with “Our Heavenly Father,” Jesus is teaching us about the character of God, that we are in covenant with a tender and loving father and when we speak out this truth, we honor him. Which bears asking a question we consider here often: What is our picture of God? If your picture of God is good, loving, and tender, then why on earth would you even want to pray to him and furthermore, why on earth would you want live for him?
As in heaven, so on earth: We begin looking at this line by reflecting on Matthew 6:33
But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you.
Jesus teaches about what we should be worried/concerned/occupied with. The whole of Jesus’ ministry was to proclaim that the Kingdom of God has come… in fact this proclamation is the first thing Jesus says in his public ministry. Matthew tells us that Jesus says, “The time has come, the Kingdom of Heaven has arrived.”
So pray this prayer for the success of Jesus’ Kingdom ministry and so that we can partner with God to restore all things as they should be. We are aligning our “say so” with God’s, that shalom is God’s desire for the world to be made right. When we pray, “your kingdom come, may your will be done as in heaven so on earth,” we are saying that we desire what God desires: that heaven and earth will be brought together in as Wright puts it, “a single bond, with he himself as King and Lord.” And we’re committing to create that around us as we are led.
Give us today the bread we need now: In Matthew 14 we see that Jesus met the physical, and felt needs of his people. This is important for us to note because Isaiah said that the Messiah would feed the hungry. In Isaiah 55:1 we’re told the when the King comes he will proclaim “Everyone who thirsts come to the waters, and you that have no money, come, buy and eat! Come, buy wine and milk without money and without price.”
God cares about our needs. He cares when we’re hungry. He cares when we’re worried about making the mortgage. He cares when we don’t have enough to put gas in the car. He cares about our students going back to school with all the supplies they need.
So this line in the Lord’s prayer has the capacity to unlock three important things in us.
1. A trust that God desires to provide
2. A courage to ask for what we need
3. A resolve to step in and meet the needs of those who ask
Right in the heart of the Lord’s prayer, we’re reminded God cares.
And forgive us the things we owe, as we too have forgiven what was owed to us: The Lord’s prayer reorients our relationship to the God we’re in covenant with, but now Jesus is getting all up in our business — he’s now asking us to reorient the way we live in covenant with others, and Jesus desires for his disciples to be a community known for the love and a family that practices forgiveness. Throughout the Gospel of Matthew Jesus teaches on forgiveness because forgiveness is at the heart of the Kingdom Way. Forgiveness is what Jesus showed when he told the woman caught in the act of adultery: Then Jesus straightened up and asked her, “Woman, where are your accusers? Has no one condemned you?” “No one, Lord,” she answered.“Then neither do I condemn you,” Jesus declared. “Now go and sin no more.”
And from the cross Jesus prayed! Prayed for forgiveness. If we want to know how we should pray then it might make sense to pay attention to how Jesus prayed and forgiveness is one of the things that matters to God. This is a defining attribute of Kingdom people, we know we are forgiven and so we forgive others.
Osheta told a story about forgiving her sister while they were planning their mother’s funeral which points to the power of forgiveness and empathy that we can have as Kingdom people. She makes sure to highlight that:
1. Forgiveness is a heart issue… we choose to forgive without expecting anything from others.
2. Forgiveness is not reconciliation… boundaries and healthy expectations are good.
3. Forgiveness requires perseverance… it’s a choice everyday.
Don’t bring us into the great trial, but rescue us from evil: God doesn’t entice us to sin. That’s antithetical to the God we have in Covenant and the God we prayed to at the beginning who is a holy and Good Father. So that’s not what this means. In fact, recently, Pope John Francis approved a change to the Lord’s Prayer. Instead of saying, “Lead us not into temptation,” he suggested it be changed to, “Do not let us fall into temptation, [because] a father doesn’t do that; a father helps you to get up immediately. It’s Satan who leads us into temptation, that’s his department.” So when we read this last line remembering whom we’re in Covenant with – a Good Father – and committing to live the Kingdom way, then we must be prepared for opposition. This is what we learn in Jesus’ time in the wilderness. So when we pray for the Kingdom of God to come and we ask God to rescue us from evil, we are asking for protection and perseverance when we face opposition. You see, the Kingdom is completely opposite to the world: while the world uses violence and dehumanization, anxiety and fear to accomplish peace; the Kingdom of God uses love, and serving others, and forgiveness to bring peace, and these are always always at odds with each other. We’re caught in the middle of a war and when we pray, “Don’t bring us in to the great trial, but rescue us from evil” we are:
1. Acknowledging the battle that is raging around us.
2. Accepting that we’re vulnerable to it and maybe even feel as if we’re in our own kind of wilderness.
3: Asking God to protect us or empower us to resist the enemy whose greatest delight is that we would reject our Covenant to God and abandon our Kingdom identity.
Osheta then led us in praying the Lord’s prayer together in whatever translation and language felt most natural.
Hide Extended Summary | <urn:uuid:1f39f6c4-e952-4d6d-a48a-25e9fe7e4dbe> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://whchurch.org/sermon/on-earth-as-it-is-in-heaven-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104672585.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220706121103-20220706151103-00644.warc.gz | en | 0.958606 | 2,169 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The Yehudi [Yitzhak of Pzhysha] once told his disciple Rabbi Bunam to go on a journey. Toward noon, they came to a village and stopped at an inn. The innkeeper was so pleased with his pious guests that he invited them to have dinner with him.
Rabbi Bunam sat down in the main room, while the others went in and out and asked all sorts of questions concerning the meat that was to be served them: whether the animal was unblemished, the butcher’s qualifications, and just how carefully the meat had been salted.
At that, a man dressed in rags spoke up. “Oy,” he said, “you make a big to-do about what you put into your mouths being clean, but you don’t worry half as much about the purity of what comes out of your mouths!”
In this week’s parasha, the Torah gives us quite a bit of instruction about what we can put into our mouths. Parashat Shemini teaches that the only animals permitted to us must have a cleft hoof and chew its cud.
So a camel may appear to chew its cud, but has no cleft hoof, and a pig may have a cleft hoof, but does not chew its cud. So a cow or a goat is permitted, but no lions, tigers, or bears. Fish must have both fins and scales, so tuna and salmon are kosher, but shark and shellfish are forbidden. Permitted birds cannot be birds of prey, so you may serve chicken and turkey, but to quote the raven – “nevermore.”
Over the centuries, our sages argued over the reason and rationale for the laws of kashrut. Some argued that certain creatures were forbidden for health reasons. But many other commentators rejected this notion. Rabbi Yitzchak Arama wrote in the fifteenth century: “We would do well to bear in mind that the dietary laws are not, as some have asserted, motivated by therapeutic considerations. God forbid! Were that so, the Torah would be denigrated to the status of a minor medical treatise or worse.”
Instead of preserving one’s physical health, the sages determined that the laws of kashrut were designed to ensure one’s spiritual health.
In some sense, the Torah teaches the proverb: “You are what you eat.” The animals forbidden to us are violent hunters or indiscriminate in their diet; those permitted to us are domesticated and herbivores. Forbidden seafood is found rummaging the bottom of the ocean. Forbidden fowl are predators or scavengers.
Eating is the most animalistic of all human activity. We can, if we choose, behave like a pig or a shark – indiscriminately eating anything that is in the trough or that happens to swim by.
But what makes us human is our capacity to make a moral choice – to make meaningful decisions grounded in principles and values. How we choose to act in any given circumstance is a statement of our beliefs and ideals.
The Torah teaches us to sanctify the act of eating by making us be deliberate and thoughtful in choosing our diet. We learn to raise eating from a base act of animal instinct into an act of moral judgment.
Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch wrote: “Just as the external temple, which represents your holy mission and to which you should sanctify yourself, becomes desecrated by impurity … so are these foods impure and unfit for your spirit… If you have eaten them – not only touched but absorbed them into your system – you may be more nourished and better fed: but the animal instinct will be aroused more strongly within you, and your body becomes more blunted as an instrument of the spirit.”
The discipline of diet helps us to develop the capacity for awareness in everything we do. It is the cultivation of holy awareness, to elevate even the most basic human act to the realm of the holy, that is the mission of Jewish spiritual practice.
If we can learn to be scrupulous and careful about what we choose to put into our mouths, then we can learn to be equally meticulous and thoughtful about what comes out of our mouths, and learn to live deliberately in all we endeavor to do in our lives. | <urn:uuid:681f4fc0-5f84-4f5d-95d4-45f386f53c16> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://tbeboca.org/a-spiritual-diet-shabbat-message-by-rabbi-dan-levin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948965.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329085436-20230329115436-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.970067 | 915 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration told reporters that oil from the BP spill that never made it to the surface was dispersed naturally or chemically. But researchers found oil some two inches thick on the sea floor as far as 80 miles away from the source of the leak. The oil "did not disappear," says one oceanographer. "It sank."© James Davidson, courtesy Flickr
It’s true that oil from BPs Deepwater Horizon fiasco is still sticking to and covering parts of the sea floor for some 80 miles or more around the site of the now-capped well. In early September, researchers from the University of Georgia found oil some two inches thick on the sea floor as far as 80 miles away from the source of the leak, with a layer of dead shrimp and other small animals under it.
“I expected to find oil on the sea floor,” Samantha Joye, lead researcher for the University of Georgia’s team of scientists studying the effects of the Deepwater Horizon spill, told reporters. "I didn’t expect to find layers two inches thick. It’s kind of like having a blizzard where the snow comes in and covers everything," Joye said.
But as recently as three months ago the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported finding no evidence of oil accumulating on the sea floor in the Gulf. NOAA Administrator Jane Lubchenco told reporters then that the oil from the massive spill that never made it to the surface was dispersed naturally or chemically. She added that only about a quarter of the 200 million gallons of spilled oil remained in the Gulf, the rest having "disappeared" or been contained or cleaned up.
But some researchers say NOAA misled the public by saying that much of the oil simply disappeared. Ian MacDonald, an oceanographer at Florida State University, says that initial reports from NOAA about how much oil remains in the Gulf were too optimistic. The oil "did not disappear," he says. "It sank."
One of the reasons why so much oil may have sunk was because it was broken up into tiny droplets by chemical dispersants, making the oil so small that it wasn’t buoyant enough to rise as would otherwise be expected. Also, as oil still in the water column ages it becomes more tar-like in a process called weathering, and as such becomes more likely to sink. And to make matters worse, oil on the sea floor takes longer to degrade than it would on the surface because of the colder temperatures down deep.
The new findings are particularly troubling because of the potential ripple effects the remaining oil could have on the wider ecosystem and industries that rely on a healthy marine environment. Marine biologists and environmentalists worry that the oil is doing significant harm to populations of tube worms, tiny crustaceans and mollusks, single-cell organisms and other underwater life forms that shape the building blocks of the marine food chain.
"Deep-sea animals, in general, tend to produce fewer offspring than shallower water animals, so if they are going to have a population impact, it may be more sensitive in deep water," reports Louisiana State University oceanographer Robert Carney. "There is also some evidence that deep-sea animals live longer than shallower water species, so the impact may stay around longer."
CONTACTS: University of Georgia Department of Marine Sciences Gulf Oil Blog; NOAA; Louisiana State University.
EarthTalk is now a book! Details and order information at: emagazine.com/earthtalkbook. | <urn:uuid:ac7255b0-baf4-456d-8d6a-41970894a50b> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://emagazine.com/week-of-10-03-10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400193087.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20200920000137-20200920030137-00708.warc.gz | en | 0.968172 | 720 | 3.25 | 3 |
Living with spiders isn’t a practice anyone wants to endure, luckily there are ways to get rid of these creepy insects and prevent them from calling your home theirs. Maryland is home to several different types of spiders, and some that aren’t necessarily native, but show up on occasion and should be noted. If you think you have a spider infestation, you should educate yourself on some common information about the different species in Maryland, and know when it’s time to call a trained professional from On The Green Inc. Here’s some spiders you can find in our state and how to identify them and the tracks they leave behind.
The black widow spider is the only native spider that is venomous in Maryland. These spiders are fairly common in our state and surrounding areas but are usually found outdoors. The female spiders are considerably bigger than their male counterparts and often kill and eat them after mating! These spiders are fairly easy to identify if you ever come across them with their signature red hourglass mark on their underside. A good rule is to stay away if you see red and black on a spider in Maryland.
Watch out when handling wood
If you’re moving wood outdoors, be on the lookout for black widows. Wear long sleeve shirts and gloves to be safe. They usually won’t go out of their way to bite unless they feel threatened, so if they’re on any wood they may panic and attempt to bite.
Seek help immediately if bitten
Unlike other spiders, you’ll definitely be able to tell if a black widow bites you. You will feel a sharp and painful bite if they get ahold of your skin. You should seek medical attention as soon as you suspect a bite, make sure you tell your doctor if you think it was from a black widow as they will be able to help.
Educate young ones
Show your children pictures of black widows and teach them how to identify the spider. They should know to avoid these spiders as they can cause serious damage.
Where they like to hide:
- Cardboard boxes
- Flower Pots
- Wood piles
- Basement window wells
- Under porches
- Brown Recluse
Even though this spider is not native to Maryland, there are always some reports of finding brown recluses in the state. The theory is that they show up in Maryland from hitching rides from the south and then stay up during the warmer months. Brown recluse spiders are very venomous and if someone suspects they’ve been bitten they should seek immediate medical attention and try to safely catch the spider to identify it at the hospital.
Wolf spiders can grow a leg span of around two inches long. They’re brown and have a dark cross pattern on their back. They’re somewhat furry and bulkier than other spiders which can help you identify one. You will find these spiders outdoors usually, however they have been seen inside especially in older log cabins and houses surrounded by forests or trees. These spiders are mildly venomous, though their bites usually only cause slight discomfort and itchiness in the affected area. Some people may develop an allergic reaction to a bite and should seek medical attention if their symptoms go further than just an itch.
These spiders hunt insects outdoors and don’t make webs. If they end up indoors it’ll be around the fall when it starts to get colder outside. To keep these guys back from trying to get in your home it’s best to keep bushes and shrubs away from your house and to seal up any existing holes are cracks connecting the outside to the inside of your home.
Yellow House Spider
These spiders are about a quarter inch long and have yellow-green bodies with darker legs. They move at a fast pace and tend to move into homes in the late fall just like Wolf Spiders. Their webs are usually built in confined areas.
Cobweb spiders like the indoors and will move into an inside area when they’re small. Here they will then attempt to establish an area by building a web and trying to catch insects. If you see their web knock it down and if they are present squish them with a fly swatter, or safely release it outside. If you are persistent about eliminating spider webs from your home, you shouldn’t see these guys around.
These spiders are the ones you will most likely see on your ceiling during the late fall. They’re black and hairy and often mistaken for black widows. They move around in fast short jumps and runs and are about a third of an inch long.
Crab spiders are usually found outdoors and can be seen on flowers. They tend to be yellow, white, or reddish in color and have legs that stick out from their sides giving them a crab resemblance. They can’t live indoors, so you don’t have to worry about them paying rent.
If you have an issue with spiders or other pests in or around your home, contact one of our trained professionals today at On The Green Inc to solve your issue and keep your family pest free! Give us a call today! | <urn:uuid:6c3baf09-32eb-45fc-809e-69761320fff8> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.onthegreeninc.com/7-spiders-to-identify-in-maryland/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648209.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601211701-20230602001701-00635.warc.gz | en | 0.955535 | 1,092 | 2.75 | 3 |
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. (NNS) -- Sailors assigned to USS Constitution taught early American naval history and naval science to kids at McWane Science Center on April 13.
Constitution Sailors gave an interactive historical and scientific presentation to more than 100 kids as part of Birmingham Navy Week taking place from April 9-15.
"The water is where I've been my entire life," said Hull Maintenance Technician 3rd Class Pamela Hensley, assigned to USS Constitution. "In the ocean, especially at night you can see that it's completely black out there and you can see the stars and hearthe calming sounds of the ocean and to me, that's why I love the water so much. Bringing the navy to a city that's surrounded by land is something that's interesting because maybe those kids haven't been exposed to those types of things. It's not justthat we're the military; the navy week is teaching the kids why we do what we do. Each branch is different but they can all offer so many different things."
Kids learned about the creation of the Navy, Constitution's construction, her famous battle with HMS Guerriere during the War of 1812, its use of simple machines, and the mission of today's Navy as it relates to the past.
"Constitution is a different type of ship, different than any other type of ship in the navy," said Hensley. "We're the only ship made of wood left and we get to teach kids about where the navy started. The kids may only know about the army or the marines because they have bases in the South. People see Constitution and they think we're a pirate ship but we teach them that we're one of the original frigates of the navy. We get to teach people that this is where the navy began."
Constitution Sailors undergo 20 weeks of naval history training as soon as they check on board, along with additionally weekly training.
Peggy Chowning, vice president of education for McWane Science Center, believes that the Sailors visit to McWane will not only help the kids learn more about history and science, but that they will also learn more about the navy in general.
"I think it's a great way for the kids to learn about history and science all at the same time," said Chowning. "The majority of these kids live in the center of the state. They don't usually think about the ocean, the ships that have sailed for hundreds of years, and the science and innovation that it took to build all of those ships. I think it will have a big impact on them, to know that they navy's been around that many years."
Birmingham is the third Navy week that Constitution Sailors have participated in during 2018. The primary purpose of Navy Weeks is that they are dedicated to raising U.S. Navy awareness through local outreach, community service and exhibitions.
CONSTITUTION, America's Ship of State, actively defended sea lanes against global threats from 1797-1855. The World's Oldest Commissioned Warship Afloat, Constitution embodies 220 years of maritime heritage and unwavering service to her country. Now a featured destination on Boston's Freedom Trail, Constitution
and her crew of active duty U.S. Navy Sailors offer community outreach and education about the ship's history and the importance of naval sea power to more than 500,000 visitors each year. Constitution is berthed at Pier One in Charlestown Navy Yard.
For more news from USS Constitution, visit www.navy.mil/local/constitution/. | <urn:uuid:51982b39-065b-4ffb-8dff-171ab70d2909> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=105169 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865450.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523043959-20180523063959-00609.warc.gz | en | 0.971337 | 739 | 3 | 3 |
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This is an activity about telling time. Learners will construct a northern-hemisphere star clock and will set their star clocks based on the position of the Big Dipper in the sky. Then, they will use their star clocks to predict where the Big Dipper will be at a given time and month. This is Activity F-1 of Universe at Your Fingertips 2.0: A Collection of Activities and Resources for Teaching Astronomy DVD-ROM, which is available for purchase. | <urn:uuid:5836fc07-aa9e-4596-82a5-8b78259dde95> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://nasawavelength.org/resource/nw-000-000-002-737/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997886087.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025806-00204-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925722 | 106 | 3.953125 | 4 |
In 1882-4, Frances Groome's Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland described Reston like this:
Reston, a village in Coldingham parish, Berwickshire, near the right bank of Eye Water, with a station on the North British railway at the junction of the Berwickshire branch, 8¾ miles NE of Duns, 11¼ NW of Berwick, and 46½ ESE of Edinburgh. It has a post and telegraph office under Ayton, an inn, a market cross, a public school, and a Free church (1880; 260 sittings), erected at a cost of £1150. Pop. (1881) 321.Ord. Sur., sh. 34, 1864.
A Vision of Britain through Time includes a large library of local statistics for administrative units. For the best overall sense of how the area containing Reston has changed, please see our redistricted information for the modern district of Scottish Borders. More detailed statistical data are available under Units and statistics, which includes both administrative units covering Reston and units named after it.
GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, History of Reston, in Scottish Borders and Berwickshire | Map and description, A Vision of Britain through Time.
Date accessed: 20th December 2014
Click here for more detailed advice on finding places within A Vision of Britain through Time, and maybe some references to other places called "Reston". | <urn:uuid:40fde804-7ef2-47b4-a8d1-e3d18f835eea> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/22407 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802770071.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075250-00110-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933652 | 299 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Positive education tools for parents
52 Positive Education Tools
To improve parenting skills
3 ways to enjoy it:1- Choose one card and practice it for a week
2- When you are faced with a challenge, choose a random card.
It's probably the perfect problem-solving tool while teaching your child self-discipline, responsibility, collaboration, and problem-solving skills, or you could try another card.
3- Invite your children to choose a card and let you know if this is the tool that will solve the problem or keep choosing until they find the right one.
Our team is off from July 1st to September 1st.
A very unser Team fährt mit seinen Familien in den Urlaub.
We'll see you on the 1st of September, inshallah. | <urn:uuid:bf75abd8-0f33-455c-bf36-3774baaed60e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://rafiqistore.com/en/products/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506045.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921210007-20230922000007-00526.warc.gz | en | 0.927177 | 180 | 2.75 | 3 |
Do You Have What it Takes to be Rich?Trevor Gerszt
In an historically muddled exchange between Hemingway and Fitzgerald the pair were discussing how the rich were different than the rest of us. They settled the question by concluding that the rich were different from the rest of us because they have more money. That flip conclusion, which made its way into Hemingway’s famous novel The Snows of Kilimanjaro, sets the stage for asking the really interesting question which is why the rich have more money?
It’s a relevant question today because the reasons the rich have more money are also the same reasons the middle class is shrinking. The answer is also relevant because it shapes so much of our political spending and social policy. How we address some of the big problems our nation faces, including income inequality, may well depend upon understanding why the rich have more money.
Working for Wages is a Loser
The first key to understanding why the rich have more money is in understanding why they’re not poor or middle class. Only about ten percent of the rich inherited their money, which means the vast majority of the wealthy earned it. They did not earn all that money by working a day job but that’s how the majority of Americans make ends meet. Historically, working for wages is the road to nowhere financially. Productivity keeps rising but the share of the increase flows to fewer hands at the very top.
It’s enlightening to look at the differences between the top ten percent of income earners and the top one percent. To make it to the top ten percent, you have to pull in more than $157,000 a year. To make the top one percent, you have to make three-and-a-half times more, over $423,000 a year. The difference between the top ten percent and the top one percent is the very top earners are more likely to run their own businesses. That entrepreneurial drive is what separates the rich from the rest of us. They have more money because they built a business and can pay themselves more money.
The Rich Work for Assets
Robert Kiyosaki, the author of Rich Dad Poor Dad, explained in a MarketWatch interview that the rich work don’t work for a paycheck, they work for assets. Kiyosaki made his fortune by investing in income producing property. The wealthy are more likely to invest in commercial real estate, income producing machinery and liquid hard assets like gold and silver. That focus on value investing aligns with the entrepreneurial drive that’s common among the nation’s top earners.
Getting Comfortable with Discomfort
While it’s comfortable working a safe day job, that’s not how the rich live their lives. Too many in the middle class mistake being comfortable with being happy. The rich seek out discomfort, they deliberately put themselves in situations where they have to take risks and grow into a tougher, more resilient being. That’s likely why the rich tend to show less prosocial behavior and become mired in an atmosphere of self interest. They made it to the top of the pile by girding their loins and taking chances, and there’s a tendency to want to project that tough love on their fellow citizens.
These aren’t the only differences between the wealthy and middle class but they’re the most significant ones when it comes to money and you can see those factors at play in our national politics. The wealthy are more comfortable running a business, taking chances and have a focus on asset value. The people with the most money have an outsized influence on our political process and you can see that in the policies put forward at the national level.
Special: IRA, 401(k) & TSP Scam
On an individual level the question becomes: Are you personally are going to be content with being comfortable? | <urn:uuid:ff83b8e0-399c-408a-a8b9-d8e34d53f915> | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | https://goldco.com/do-you-have-what-it-takes-to-be-rich/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232255071.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20190519161546-20190519183546-00364.warc.gz | en | 0.968012 | 805 | 2.640625 | 3 |
How Kobe made a difference in the world?
From mentoring young boys and girls to donating money to help support high school basketball teams, Bryant made a difference in the lives of thousands of people globally. … In 2008, Bryant was voted NBA’s most valuable player. The same year, he signed on as the spokesperson for Aid Still Required.
What impact did Kobe Bryant have on society?
He won five NBA championships, made 18 All-Star teams, won an MVP award, two scoring titles, two Olympic gold medals and just last night was passed by LeBron James on the NBA’s all-time scoring list: Kobe Bryant finished with 33,643 points, good for fourth. …
Why Kobe Bryant is a role model?
Known for his strong work ethic, Bryant was a role model on and off the basketball court. Bryant always made sure to acknowledge his own role models and the people he learned from throughout his life. He also paid it forward as a mentor for countless others.
Why is Kobe a leader?
Kobe spent much of his career as his team’s leader, and that role came with many responsibilities. Kobe demanded a lot from his teammates, but he was also willing to carry the team on his back in order to win. … This is one the examples of the views of Kobe Bryant on leadership.
What does Kobe represent?
He said the emblem represented a sword in a sheath. But there was a deeper meaning also. “The sword is the raw talent,” explained Kobe, while the sheath stands for the effort one puts into developing his talent. It is your calluses and your baggage, it is your training. | <urn:uuid:33b39080-4b55-4882-b342-36fea344c882> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://baloncestoestepona.com/basketball-game/what-did-kobe-bryant-do-to-make-the-world-a-better-place.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103945490.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701185955-20220701215955-00109.warc.gz | en | 0.986332 | 345 | 2.875 | 3 |
In the simplest formulation, the third law of thermodynamics says that the entropy at absolute zero temperature is zero.
The original theorem is due to Nernst. A more recent formulation is
“The contribution to the entropy of a system due to each component that is in internal equilibrium disappears at absolute zero.” [D. Ter Haar (1966) Elements of Thermostatistics. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.]A more readable version is
“The entropy of every chemically simple, perfectly crystalline, body equals zero at the absolute zero of temperature.” [G.H. Wannier (1966) Statistical Physics. Wiley.]These formulations allow for the existence of meta-stable equilibria. The third law in its simple form assumes that strictly speaking every ground state is reasonably unique and that the system is in true thermal equilibrium. Experimentally however, many substances do not appear to approach zero entropy. Random mixtures as well as ice are examples. They may not be in true equilibrium, but if true equilibrium is not observed, it is academic.
The zero of entropy is important for mixtures, in which you need to
add the entropies of the components together correctly. It also has
implications for the behavior of various quantities at low
temperatures. For example, it implies that the specific heats become
zero at absolute zero. To see why, note that in a constant volume or
constant pressure process the entropy changes are given by
Another consequence of the third law is that it is not possible to bring a system to absolute zero temperature completely even in ideal processes. That seems pretty self-evident from a classical point of view, but it is not so obvious in quantum terms. The third law also implies that isothermal processes become isentropic when absolute zero temperature is approached.
It may seem that the third law is a direct consequence of the quantum
expression for the entropy,
Even if the ground state is not unique, often it does not make much of a difference. For example, consider the case of a system of noninteracting spin 1 bosons in a box. If you could really ignore the effect of all particle interactions on the energy, the spin states would be arbitrary in the ground state. But even then there would be only about different system states with the ground state energy, chapter 5.7. That produces an entropy of only about . It would make the specific entropy proportional to , which is zero for a large-enough system.
On the other hand, if you ignore electromagnetic spin couplings of nuclei in a crystal, it becomes a different matter. Since the nuclear wave functions have no measurable overlap, to any conceivable accuracy the nuclei can assume independent spatial states. That gets rid of the (anti) symmetrization restrictions on their spin. And then the associated entropy can be nonzero. But of course, if the nuclear spin does not interact with anything, you may be able to ignore its existence altogether.
Even if a system has a unique ground state, the third law is not as
trivial as it may seem. Thermodynamics deals not with finite systems
but with idealized systems of infinite size. A very simple example
illustrates why it makes a difference. Consider the possibility of a
hypothetical system whose specific entropy depends on the number of
particles , temperature , and pressure as
If infinite systems seem unphysical, translate it into real-life terms. Suppose your test tube has say 10 particles of the hypothetical system in it instead of infinitely many. Then to reduce the specific entropy from 1 to 0.5 would require the temperature to be reduced to a completely impossible 10 K. And if you double the number of particles in the test tube, you would need another factor two reduction in temperature. In short, while formally the entropy for the finite hypothetical system goes to zero at absolute zero, the temperatures required to do so have no actual meaning. | <urn:uuid:a54b5fd3-ba1f-48f5-988d-6f89620616d5> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://dommelen.net/quantum2/style_a/nt_law3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806327.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121074123-20171121094123-00495.warc.gz | en | 0.920369 | 814 | 3.28125 | 3 |
When black holes rip stars and gas clouds to pieces, the debris gets so hot that it shrouds the black hole with a brilliant blue-white light. Or so everyone thought, until we discovered pink quasars; black holes glowing with a pink light so intense that they are amongst the pinkest objects in the Universe.
A group of Australian astronomers have found that some black holes are bright pink!
Black holes have captured the imagination of the public over the years with some popular depictions in science fiction movies. They have such intense gravity fields that they even suck in light. This is why they appear black… but Dr Paul Francis, a lecturer at the Australian National University, together with Dr Rachel Webster and Dr Michael Drinkwater, from the University of Melbourne’s School of Physics have discovered that some black holes are pink in colour.
The “Pink holes” were discovered using telescopes at Parkes and Coonabarabran in the western plains of NSW between 1994 and 1998. The work will be presented at the “Fresh Science” Conference in Melbourne.
“These pink things were quite easy to find” said Dr Francis. “The hard bit was proving that they are black holes. These black holes are more than a billion light-years away, and are more than one hundred thousand times fainter than the human eye can see. It took the combined power of four of Australia’s best telescopes to identify what they were.”
How could a black hole be pink? “We really don’t have the foggiest idea” said Dr Francis. “We’re pretty certain that it isn’t the black holes themselves that are pink, the pink light is actually coming from gas just outside the black hole. We think that these black holes live in the middle of galaxies, and they are devouring anything that comes near them. Possibly as the mangled remains of space matter, stars and gas clouds swirl down the throat of the black holes, they emit an intense pink light.”
It is well known that massive black holes devour stars and gas. Black holes like this are called quasars, and were first discovered in the 1960s.”Until now”, Dr Francis said, “only blue quasars had been seen, and it was believed that the debris swirling around black holes should emit only blue light, not pink.”
So what is different about these pink quasars? “We’re don’t really know” said Dr Francis. “But we are beginning to suspect that the debris swirling around the black holes is acting as a vast natural radio transmitter, broadcasting intense pink light to the universe.” | <urn:uuid:256a2ad9-b870-457b-a7e8-29d7d66644ae> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://freshscience.org/1999/black-holes-are-pink-paul-francis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474361.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20240223053503-20240223083503-00033.warc.gz | en | 0.959454 | 566 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Our workshops enable pupils to explore different aspects of the Holburne’s collection, developing their skills of observation, building vocabulary and confidence in talking about the Museum collection and their own responses.
Each workshop includes a practical session where pupils develop their skills in creative activities that complement and demonstrate what they have learnt in the galleries.
Our workshop programme is detailed below but please call to discuss bespoke workshops and see Primary School News for special workshops linked to our high profile temporary exhibitions. Our workshops can also be adapted for small groups of pupils with special educational needs, giving added emphasis to sensory experience. The Museum is fully accessible.
Please see Visit Guidelines and Hazard Identification Guidelines for further information to help plan your visit. | <urn:uuid:31f47188-6f9a-4210-b371-bbf619f12610> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.holburne.org/learning/primary-schools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936461848.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074101-00306-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93866 | 144 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Burkina Faso’s Threshold Program Evaluation
The Burkinabé Response to Improve Girls’ Chances to Succeed (BRIGHT) program was part of a Threshold Country Program financed by the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). BRIGHT sought to increase girls’ primary school enrollment and completion rates in Burkina Faso by constructing 132 “girl-friendly†schools in the 10 provinces with the lowest rates of girls’ primary school enrollment. Each new school has three classrooms, separate latrines for boys and girls and housing for three teachers.
The program also provided take-home rations for girls, daily meals for all students, textbooks, and school supplies. To complement the classroom interventions, BRIGHT included an adult literacy and mentoring program, training for local partners, and a public awareness campaign.
In all, 293 villages applied for the new schools. The Burkina Faso Ministry of Education scored each village based on pre-set criteria to identify communities who could benefit most from the schools and then selected the 132 villages with the greatest need.
The BRIGHT program, under the direction of the United States Agency for International Development, was implemented by a collaboration of two international non-governmental organizations (NGOs)—Plan International and Catholic Relief Services, and two Burkinabé NGOs—Tin Tua, and the Forum for African Women Educationalists. School construction began around October 2006, and most schools were completed by April 2007.
Early in the project, MCC hired Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. (MPR) to conduct an independent evaluation of the BRIGHT program and quantify its impact on educational outcomes.
The evaluators sought to answer three key questions:
- What was the impact of the program on school enrollment?
- What was the impact of the program on test scores?
- Were the impacts different for girls than for boys?
To answer these questions, they compared the 132 communities served by BRIGHT (the “participant groupâ€) to the 161 communities not selected for the program (the “comparison groupâ€). Household and school-level data were collected by a team from the University of Ouagadougou from both groups using two separate questionnaires designed by the MPR team. One focused on school-aged children and was administered at the household level. The other focused on school attributes and attendance and was administered to officials at each local school. A pilot survey was completed in the spring of 2007 and full data collection was completed by mid-2008. The evaluators analyzed the data using a statistical technique called regression discontinuity to determine the impact of the program. | <urn:uuid:371bbb42-60c2-4517-a0dd-aa9250883bcb> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.mcc.gov/pages/countries/impact/impact-evaluation-for-burkina-fasos-threshold-program/burkina-faso-threshold-program | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115856041.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161056-00053-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95523 | 547 | 3.1875 | 3 |
MPK, a company that has made a name producing glow-in-the-dark paint, has developed self-luminous micro particles called Litrospheres. The new material is said to be inexpensive (35 cents to light up a 8 ½ x 11 piece of plastic that is 1/8" thick), non-toxic, and capable of staying constantly lit for over 12 years thanks to a betavoltaic technology that uses a radioactive gas.
Fortunately, the gas is involves a "soft" emission of electrons that cannot penetrate the glass or polymer wall of the microspheres. So theoretically, you don't have to worry about brain tumors or taking on super powers when using it.
The Litrospheres, which can be injected molded or added to paint, are not affected by the heat or cold and they can withstand up to 5000 pounds of pressure. They can also give off light that is equivalent of a 20-watt incandescent bulb in almost any color imaginable. As you might expect, the first applications of the technology will most likely involve safety equipment—or the clothing and accessories of frequent clubgoers. [Wiki via Treehugger] | <urn:uuid:b3ca1fa0-e3a3-444a-bfad-da94dd7bec09> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://gizmodo.com/332669/new-material-provides-constant--light-for-12-years-without-a-power-source?tag=betavoltaic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500835119.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021355-00296-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952639 | 240 | 2.625 | 3 |
Specific procedures used to make inferences about an unknown population or unknown score vary depending on the type of data used and the purpose of making the inference. There are five main categories of inferential procedures that will be discussed in this chapter: t-test, ANOVA, Factor Analysis, Regression Analysis, and Meta Analysis.
A t-test is perhaps the most simple of the inferential statistics. The purpose of this test is to determine if a difference exists between the means of two groups (think ‘t’ for two). For example, to determine if the GPA’s of students with prior work experience differs from the GPAs of students without this experience, we would employ the t-test by comparing the GPAs of each group to each other.
To compare these groups, the t-test statistical formula includes the means, standard deviations, and number of subjects for each group. Each of these sets of data can be derived by using descriptive statistics discussed in the previous chapter. Therefore, the t-test can be computed by hand in a relatively short amount of time depending on the number of subjects within each data set.
The term ANOVA is short for Analysis of Variance and is typically used when there are one or more independent variables and two or more dependent variables. If we were to study the effects of work experience on college grades, we would have one independent and one dependant variable and a simple t-test would suffice. What if we also wanted to understand the effects of age, race, and economic background on college grades? To use a simple t-test would mean we would have to perform one t-test for every pair of data. For this example, we would need to compare work and grades, age and grades, race and grades, and income and grades, resulting in four independent statistical procedures. Add an additional dependent variable, such as length of time it takes to graduate and we double the number of procedures required to eight.
We could do eight t-tests or we could simply do an ANOVA, which analyzes all eight sets of data at one time. The ANOVA is superior for complex analyses for two reasons, the first being its ability to combine complex data into one statistical procedure. The second benefit over a simple t-test is the ANOVA’s ability to determine what are called interaction effects. With a t-test we could determine if the means of older and younger students are different on the variable of grades (referred to as a main effect). We could also determine whether or not the means of whites and blacks differed in terms of grades (main effect as well), but we could not determine how these two variables (age and race) interact with each other. Consider the data in Table 9.1, representing the number of data points we would have for a study with just three independent variables (each with only two levels) and two dependent variables.
If you look at the data closely, you may notice that the mean GPA for blacks is 3.0 and the mean GPA for whites is also 3.0. A simple t-test comparing the means of blacks and whites would certainly not find a difference. However, when you combine with this the interaction of GPA and age, the data looks completely different. The mean GPA is 2.5 for older blacks, 3.5 for older whites, 3.5 for younger blacks, and 2.5 for younger whites. Now we can see that there is a difference between blacks and whites: (1) older blacks have higher GPAs than older whites and (2) younger whites have higher GPAs than younger blacks. This represents the interaction effects of race and age that would not have been detected by a simple t-test.
Table 9.1: Hypothetical Three Way Analysis of Variance with Two Means
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Work Age Race GPA Time
Yes Older Black 3.0 12
No Older Black 2.0 8
Yes Older White 4.0 12
No Older White 3.0 8
Yes Younger Black 3.0 4
No Younger Black 4.0 8
Yes Younger White 2.0 4
No Younger White 3.0 8
Looking at work experience and length of time to graduation also reveals interesting results. For those with work experience, the mean time to graduation was eight years. For those without work experience, the average time to graduation was also eight years. But this simple main effect does not tell the whole story. See if you can determine any interaction effects that play a role in the length of time to graduation.
A factor analysis is used when an attempt is being made to break down a large data set into different subgroups or factors. By using a somewhat complex procedure that is typically performed using specialized software, a factor analysis will look at each question within a group of questions to determine how these questions accumulate together.
If we were to give a class a test on basic mathematics and then perform a factor analysis on the results, for example, we would likely find that questions related to addition tend to be answered at the same rate and questions related to subtraction would tend to be answered at the same rate. In other words, students who are good at addition would do well on most addition questions and students who were poor at addition would score poorly on most addition questions. Therefore a math test consisting of addition and subtraction would likely have two factors.
When a correlation is used we are able to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between two or more variables. If we determined that the correlation between a midterm and a final exam was +.95, we could say that these two tests are strongly and directly related to each other. In other words, a student who scored high on one would likely score high on the other.
Regression Analysis takes this a step further. By creating a regression formula based on the known data, we can predict a student’s score on the final (for example) merely by knowing her score on the midterm. If two variables were correlated at +1.0 or –1.0 (perfect correlations) this prediction would be extremely accurate. If the correlation coefficient was +/-0.9, the prediction would be good but less accurate than a perfect correlation. The farther from a perfect correlation, the less accurate the results of the prediction. Take a look at the perfectly correlated scores for the first five students below and see if you can predict the final exam score for the sixth student based on her score on the midterm.
Table 9.2: Hypothetical Test Scores
Student Midterm Final
Bob 80 88
Sue 50 55
Ling 60 66
Frank 80 88
Henry 90 99
Lisa 70 ??
When the data set is much larger and the correlation less than perfect, making a prediction requires the use of the statistical regression, which is basically a geometric formula used to determine where a score falls on a straight line. By using this statistic, we develop a formula that is used to estimate one data point based on another data point in a known correlation. The formula for the data above would be ‘Final = Midterm X 1.1.’ Did you predict Lisa’s score on the final correctly?
A meta analysis refers to the combining of numerous studies into one larger study. When this technique is used, each study becomes one subject in the new meta study. For instance, the combination of 12 studies on work experience and college grades would result in a meta study with 12 subjects. While the process is a little more complex than this in reality, the meta analysis basically combines many studies together to determine if the results of all of them, when taken as a whole, are significant. The meta study is especially helpful when different related studies conducted in the past have found different results. | <urn:uuid:2d3ad87d-4768-45a0-b2c5-8784a69ecb9b> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://allpsych.com/research-methods/inferentialstatistics/inferentialprocedures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400198213.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20200920125718-20200920155718-00650.warc.gz | en | 0.951033 | 1,590 | 4.0625 | 4 |
Allergies to birds, usually triggered by exposure to feathers and droppings, can affect the eyes, skin and respiratory system. But many bird lovers don't realize that they're allergic to their pets. Symptoms can take years to develop, and a bird owner who develops a rash may connect it to something else. Frequently, the allergy is discovered only after additional symptoms, such as eye irritation or breathing problems, have developed.
Video of the Day
It's possible to have a bird allergy but show no signs of it for a long time, as a certain amount of exposure is needed before symptoms surface. The University of Maryland Medical Center reports that it may take as long as two years. But once someone reaches her allergen threshold -- perhaps after bringing another bird home or getting a job that involves handling birds -- she will experience a reaction when she touches or is close to a bird.
Feathers and droppings contain proteins to which some people react. Microscopic particles in bird waste dry and enter the atmosphere, where they can be inhaled. Handling birds can also cause a reaction, according to the Mayo Clinic. Touching feathers or waste products can trigger allergic skin irritation. Histamine chemicals released in response to the allergens initiate the inflammation and other symptoms.
After someone has reached his threshold, skin problems may be immediate or delayed a day or two after exposure, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Histamine-induced inflammation can make skin red, warm, swollen and itchy. Hives or blisters may form. Additional allergy symptoms may include itchy, watery eyes, coughing, sneezing and runny and stuffy nose. The Mayo Clinic points out that those with asthma may have worse breathing problems.
Because bird allergies can take so long to develop, it's easy to miss the connection. Sometimes the symptoms are mistaken for an allergy to dust mites and mold, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. To identify the cause of a skin rash, physicians commonly do skin and blood tests. They may also advise patients to remove their birds temporarily to see if symptoms disappear.
Those with bird allergies are frequently allergic to down pillows, comforters and clothing, as well, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Allergic reactions to these items can help confirm a diagnosis. According to the National Institutes of Health, some people also have allergic reactions to eggs and poultry. | <urn:uuid:bd9a38d8-c3dc-4455-8d60-cf8bffb8c555> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://www.livestrong.com/article/253053-a-bird-allergy-with-a-skin-rash/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863411.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20180620031000-20180620051000-00221.warc.gz | en | 0.950343 | 504 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Potatoes, the Real Treasure of the Incas
The potato (solanum tuberosum) is the world’s number one non-grain food commodity. Unlike major cereals, the potato is not a globally traded commodity. Only a fraction of total production enters foreign trade, and potato prices are usually set by local production costs, not by international markets.
The secret of the potato’s success is its great diversity. Some give soups a creamy density, providing a delicate taste that highlights other ingredients. Others are great when baked, served as a simple snack or with a filling as a complete meal. Roast potatoes – crisp and golden outside and fluffy inside – are the perfect accompaniment to roast meat. Smooth, creamy, mashed potato is said to be the “ultimate comfort food”, while “new” potatoes, steamed or boiled, are a special delicacy.
Home-grown or purchased in markets, fresh potatoes are baked, boiled or fried and used in an astonishing range of recipes: potato pancakes, potato dumplings, twice-baked potatoes, potato soup, potato salad and potatoes au gratin, for example.
Potatoes are used in curries in India and in pasta in Italy, stewed with bananas in Costa Rica, baked with rice in Iran, stuffed with liver in Belarus, stir-fried with green beans in Ethiopia, and simmered with smoked haddock in winter soups in Finland.
A medium baked potato has about 160 calories, about 4 grams of fiber including the skin, 4 grams of protein, no fat, double the potassium of a banana, and a good supply of vitamin C.
The potato is planted in early spring in temperate zones and late winter in warmer regions. In some sub-tropical highlands, potatoes are grown year-round and harvested within 90 days of planting, compared with 150 days in temperate climates such as in northern Europe and North America.
FAO (UN’s Food and Agriculture Organisation)estimates that just over two-thirds of the 320 million tonnes of potatoes produced in 2005 were consumed by people as food, in one form or another.
Dehydrated potato flakes and granules are made by drying a mash of cooked potatoes to a moisture level of 5 to 8%. Flakes are used in retail mashed potato products, as ingredients in snacks, and even as food aid.
Potato flour is ground from cooked, whole potatoes and retains a distinct potato taste. Gluten-free and rich in starch, potato flour is used by the food industry to bind meat mixtures and thicken gravies and soups.
Modern starch processing can retrieve as much as 96% of the starch found in raw potatoes. A fine, tasteless powder with “excellent mouth-feel”, potato starch provides higher viscosity than wheat and maize starches, and delivers a more tasty product. It is used as a thickener for sauces and stews, and as a binding agent in cake mixes, dough, biscuits and ice-cream.
Potato peel and other “zero value” wastes from potato processing are rich in starch that can be liquefied and fermented to produce fuel-grade ethanol. A study in New Brunswick estimated that 440,000 tonnes of processing waste could produce 4 to 5 million litres of ethanol.
Cattle can be fed up to 20 kg of raw potatoes a day, while pigs fatten quickly on a daily diet of 6 kg of boiled potatoes. Chopped up and added to silage, the tubers cook in the heat of fermentation.
Potatoes in Canada
- The potato is Canada’s most important horticultural crop, accounting for one third of all vegetable farm cash receipts, worth $846 million in 2007.
- In 2006-07, Canada shipped 970 000 tonnes of frozen French fries to foreign markets, making it the second largest French fry exporter after the Netherlands. In the same period, it exported 120 000 tonnes of seed potatoes valued at $38 million and 470 000 tonnes of table potatoes worth $140 million.
- Potatoes account for about 36% of all fresh and processed vegetables consumed in Canada.
Using information from FAO | <urn:uuid:fb7dcc75-ae81-47ed-a44f-cf18de42e1ee> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://synergymag.ca/potatoes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496664437.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20191111191704-20191111215704-00203.warc.gz | en | 0.929186 | 868 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Here's a sample of our volunteer opportunities:VIEW AS
Our mission is to protect the forests of the Brown County Hills in southern Indiana from the devastating effects of invasive plant species through education, training, and eradication of non-native invasive plants.
Several individuals, who share the belief that we must act now to save our forests from the devastating impact of non-native invasive plant species, formed The Brown County Native Woodlands Project.
This group will:
- educate landowners and land managers about the problem;
- train volunteers to help map non-native invasive plant infestations;
- encourage public and private entities and individuals to eradicate targeted species;
- hire crews to remove them, when necessary and where possible, using environmentally sound methods;
- suggest native plant alternatives.
Brown County began to recover in the 1920s from widespread forest conversion and degradation. Since the mid-1940s, untold millions of people have been drawn to our county’s rejuvenated wooded hills - to the pastel tints of redbud and dogwood blossoms in the spring and the vibrant panoply of leaves in the fall.
Unfortunately there’s a growing threat to the enjoyment that our woodlands generate and to their economics benefits to Brown County. Non-native invasive plants impinge on our county from every direction and unless we act immediately, there will be neither sufficient funds nor manpower to reverse the devastation. To launch our efforts, the committee chose to target Asian bush honeysuckles, autumn olive, tree of heaven and Japanese knotweed, four non-native invasive plants that are the most amenable to control.
Non-native invasive plants:
- reproduce rapidly, spread over large areas of the landscape and have few, if any, natural controls such as herbivores, competitors and diseases;
- spread by seed, vegetative growth or both;
- alter forests, meadows and wetlands into landscapes dominated by one species;
- reduce our ability to enjoy activities such as bird watching and hiking in natural areas;
- decrease biodiversity by threatening the survival of native plants, animals and microorganisms.
- Peg Lindenlaub
- (812) 988-0246
- Need admin access?
Do you work for this organization?
Request administrator status and update its information! | <urn:uuid:28c3e13d-6d9c-47d3-b6fd-b04eff845d24> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | https://www.volunteermatch.org/search/org212811.jsp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320545.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625170634-20170625190634-00146.warc.gz | en | 0.912786 | 476 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Freedom fighters were never trusted
During the liberation war the freedom fighters became the eyesores to ruling party and its government.
During the war when the in efficient and corrupt leadership were busy in securing their positions and ill gotten well, the freedom fighters were in the front fighting and sharing all the miseries with the people. They also vehemently opposed all nefarious designs of the despotic government and their foreign master. They fought tooth and nail to safeguard national interest. Their patriotism, courage, commitment and selfless sacrifice earned them respect. Their loyalty was to the nation, not to any individual or party. Thus they emerged as the natural leaders. The people in power found it alarming and considered them as potential threat. This is the reason why they were not rehabilitated later in the society at their rightful places. The freedom fighters were not even allowed to participate in the nation building process. Thus the spirit of 71 and aspiration of the freedom fighters got betrayed. | <urn:uuid:b38685d1-c518-4a49-9920-6f2785d8d26f> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://majordalimbu.com/h2p10.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424090.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20170722182647-20170722202647-00202.warc.gz | en | 0.983342 | 189 | 2.84375 | 3 |
U.S. Surgeon General and former Indiana State Health Commissioner Jerome Adams recently recommended people get flu vaccinations this month. This year’s vaccine is changed to make it more effective and accessible.
Last year’s flu vaccination was about 40 percent effective. Over the past few years another option, the flu mist, was unavailable.
Indiana University Health Dr. Cole Beeler says this is because one of the predominant viruses included in the mist vaccine wasn’t a good match.
"It’s been swapped out with a new H1N1 virus and the CDC now recommends that it should be OK for this vaccine to be used so it is an option this year for patients," says Beeler.
A combination of three to four viruses are put into the influenza vaccine based on a CDC forecast.
"So last year there was a lot of concern that the virus’s in the flu vaccine were not lining up with what we were seeing circulating in the southern hemisphere," says Beeler.
Last season, 336 people in Indiana died from flu complications. | <urn:uuid:38801537-e5bc-4463-b2e3-16847b529360> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/more-options-available-this-flu-vaccination-season | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510942.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002001302-20231002031302-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.974587 | 223 | 2.75 | 3 |
Sulphur isotope exchange between sulphides and fluid sulphur: consequences for geothermometric application
Hoeppener, Ursula D.; Kramar, Utz E.
European Journal of Mineralogy Volume 2 Number 5 (1990), p. 655 - 666
published: Oct 4, 1990
manuscript accepted: Mar 23, 1990
manuscript received: Oct 9, 1989
ArtNo. ESP147050205009, Price: 29.00 €
Abstract The kinetics of sulphur isotope exchange between fine-grained solid sulphides (ZnS, PbS, HgS, sphalerite and galena) and a fluid sulphur phase has been experimentally investigated. The reactions were performed at 250 and 500°C for durations of 0.3 to 5000 h. The experimentally determined time dependence of the isotope distribution in the sulphide phase can be simulated by a combination of three functions. After a rapid change in isotope distribution at the very beginning of the experimental runs, the early stage of exchange can be expressed by the relation: -In (1-F) ∼ r ⋅ t, where F = fractional isotope exchange in the sulphide, r = reaction rate constant, t = time of exchange. This stage of the process is interpreted as a surface reaction. The subsequent slow equilibration of the bulk of the sulphide can be described by a solid state diffusion model. The reaction rate constants and diffusion coefficients obtained for the synthetic systems all follow the Arrhenius relation. Exchange reactions with natural sulphides give lower exchange rates, different equilibrium values, and more scattered plots. These deviations can be explained by lattice distortions caused by impurities in the natural sulphides. The experimentally derived activation energies for the sulphur isotope exchange in sulphides are within the range 48.2-289.2 kJ/mol, which makes a redistribution of sulphur isotopes probable on geological timescale, even at low temperatures. Natural sulphides show sulphur isotope equilibrium values which differ from those obtained in laboratory experiments with pure sulphides. Inconsistencies in temperature estimates obtained by sulphur isotope geothermometry and fluid inclusion thermometry, for example, can be explained either by the reequilibration of sulphur isotopes in the sulphide or by a shift in the sulphur isotope equilibrium distribution as compared to the standard based on pure sulphides. | <urn:uuid:e80840cf-d2dc-40d1-a380-0003b3b574fb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/ejm/detail/2/82579/Sulphur_isotope_exchange_between_sulphides_and_fluid_sulphur_consequences_for_geothermometric_application | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00323-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872122 | 506 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Let’s Talk About Inclusion!
Last year, the principal at my son’s elementary school asked me to write a short essay about inclusion of students with special needs for the school newsletter during Autism Awareness Month. I wrote a 450 word piece and submitted it a week before the deadline. She never printed any part of it. I think my direct approach to the topic made her uncomfortable.
Inclusion was on my mind again yesterday when a friend who lives across the country sent me the following message: “Do you have any good links to resources for first and second grade students to help them learn more about autism? I teach a combined class with 25 general ed students and 7 autistic students, and today I found myself disciplining my gen ed kids for unkind words spoken in ignorance. I was incredibly angry until I realized that the kids have gone the whole year in a combined class and no one has ever talked to them about what autism is to help them understand their classmates.”
Talking about inclusion to general education students and their families
Inclusion is a hot topic in education today, but it’s usually discussed behind closed doors at IEPs and other school meetings. Too often, it is not presented openly to general education students and their families – sometimes because of a fear of backlash.
A failure to teach inclusion to all students equals exclusion. General education students are excluded from an understanding of their classmates with special needs, and students with special needs are excluded socially because of a lack of understanding. Sometimes the exclusion can escalate into a bullying situation – I know this because it happened to my son.
So let’s step out of the comfort zone and talk about inclusion.
Resources to Teach Inclusion
The Special Needs Acceptance Book and The Autism Acceptance Book by Ellen Sabin: these books have open-ended exercises and classroom activities for kindergarten through sixth grade students. I always give a copy to my son’s teacher during the school year.
My Friend With Autism by Beverly Bishop: the author, a parent of a child with autism, created this book with vivid illustrations and a charming storyline as part of her inclusion curriculum for her son’s classmates and teachers.
The Kindergarten Adventures of Amazing Grace by Briana Pacelli: A brother and sister wrote and illustrated this storybook about acceptance.
Peer to Peer Support
In 2011, a study funded by the National Institutes of Health found that peer-to-peer support is the single most effective intervention for students with autism. Furthermore, the peers who receive training are enriched by their experience, because they are actively learning interdependence, a necessary life skill. Therefore, peer-to-peer support is an essential part of every child’s education!
The social worker at my son’s school coordinates a type of peer-to-peer support called Circle of Friends. She made a presentation about autism to my son’s class in the fall, and she invited students to volunteer to be in his Circle of Friends. The social worker provides training and group activities on a weekly basis.
Some schools use slightly different peer-to-peer support programs such as Peer Pals and LINK. These are cost-effective, evidence-based methods that benefit all students.
Frequently Asked Questions About Inclusion
Did you insist that your child be moved from special education into general education?
Other parents are surprised when I answer, “No.” Federal law requires that students be educated in the least restrictive environment, and since my son graduated from all available self-contained special education classrooms in first grade, the only option remaining for him was a general education classroom.
Does your child know that he’s different?
Yes, he does. He literally spends every waking minute working to catch up with his classmates’ academic and social skills. He doesn’t want to take breaks, because he knows that he’s already far behind. Part of my job as his mom is to make sure that he has fun every day, too.
Does your child want to have friends?
Yes, but he’s afraid. He has learned the hard way that some students do not have good intentions with him. He becomes confused during transitions and unstructured times of the day, such as lunchtime or recess. He’s always looking for a friendly face or a kind word.
Does your child have anything to offer in a friendship?
Yes, but it takes time to get to know him. He loves roller coasters, skyscrapers and art museums. He rides his bike and plays basketball. He excels at spelling and phonics. He loves to help with whatever is happening at the moment. He’s on the school Safety Patrol and he submitted two entries to the school art contest. In other words, he’s a typical American kid.
What inclusion stories or questions do you have? Share in the comments below. | <urn:uuid:04d2b946-1ad9-491d-ad09-2014bc3946e7> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2013/04/12/lets-talk-about-inclusion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223205137.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032005-00355-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973116 | 1,019 | 2.65625 | 3 |
CUBA STANDARD — Bringing the number of large-scale solar parks on the island to 14, Cuba is building seven photovoltaic parks this year, official daily Granma reported.
The seven new parks will add 8.15 megawatts to the island’s growing renewable-energy portfolio. Cuba is planning to increase the share of renewable energy from 4% today — most of it from sugarcane bagasse — to 10% in 2020.
Sixty percent of the contract volume for the solar arrays installed in 2013 went to Cuban companies, said Aleisly Valdés Viera, director of renewable energy sources at state utility Unión Eléctrica (UNE). The solar parks built last year apparently use Chinese-designed panels that are assembled at a state company in Pinar del Río province.
Official sources only provide project volumes in Cuban pesos, which underrepresents the true cost.
The solar parks built in 2013 using Chinese technology are located at Havana, Santa Clara, Guáimaro, Santiago de Cuba, Guantánamo, Isle of Youth and Cienfuegos, in rural areas close to urban centers. The largest solar array built last year — Cantarrana near Cienfuegos — consists of 14,100 solar panels generating 2.6 mw on 4.72 hectares. The highest-profile array, consisting of 4,300 solar panels, began operating at the Expocuba fairgrounds near Havana in November, providing 80% of the facility’s electricity needs. The Chinese government provided $1.5 million for the Expocuba solar park.
In addition to the solar parks that feed into the national grid, Cubasolar, the government agency in charge of solar energy, has installed solar arrays in 410 schools, 165 public TV rooms, 20 social clubs, and 500 residences in rural off-grid areas. | <urn:uuid:e6858693-3929-49a4-9390-01b7ef6c541d> | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | http://thecubanhandshake.org/cuba-building-seven-more-solar-parks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578532882.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20190421195929-20190421221929-00510.warc.gz | en | 0.882689 | 387 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The severity of prostate cancer, which was the leading cause of newly diagnosed cancers in men and the second leading cause of cancer death in men last year, can be detected with a non-invasive imaging that would help doctors in the precise and effective determination of appropriate treatment.
The current standard of care for detecting and diagnosing prostate cancer is contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which involves intravenously injecting patients with a contrast agent to highlight blood flow. Greater blood flow is often a requirement of growing cancer cells. When compared to surrounding healthy tissues, it’s hoped that contrast enhanced MRIs will reveal the shape and nature of any tumors present.
However, the new approach is called restriction spectrum imaging-MRI or RSI-MRI. “This new approach is a more reliable imaging technique for localising tumours. It provides a better target for biopsies, especially for smaller tumours,” said first author Rebecca Rakow-Penner from University of California, San Diego School of Medicine.
The technique is also valuable in surgical planning and image staging, David Karow, assistant professor of radiology at UC San Diego pointed out.
The new technique improves upon the current standard of care for detecting and diagnosing prostate cancer, contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which involves intravenously injecting patients with a contrast agent to highlight blood flow.
It also incorporates the features of an imaging technique called diffusion MRI that measures the diffusion of water and has been a standard imaging technique in the brain.
The new approach corrects magnetic field distortions found in earlier methods and focuses upon water diffusion within tumour cells.
By doing both, the ability of imaging to accurately plot a tumour’s location is increased and there is a more refined sense of the tumour’s extent, said Nathan White, assistant project scientist at UC San Diego.
The study appeared in the journal Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Disease. | <urn:uuid:f5e0e40f-6503-4efc-990c-6c00ad47f5a2> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | http://www.microfinancemonitor.com/novel-imaging-technique-to-improve-prostate-biopsy-detection/25226 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948514238.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20171212002021-20171212022021-00399.warc.gz | en | 0.939828 | 393 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Bolton Hill Quarry Archaeological Research Services Ltd were commissioned by F.H. Gilman and Co to undertake an archaeological strip, map and sample across the site of an extension to an existing quarry works near Haverford West at Bolton Hill, Pembrokeshire, Wales, extending over an area of 12ha. This work was undertaken so as to allow for a complete mapped record of all archaeological remains surviving on the site together with targeted excavation of features. Activity of probable prehistoric date had been documented in advance of excavation and had suggested the presence of several possible burnt mounds. The site is also located in close proximity to a gold hoard dated to the Bronze Age, although no evidence for other hoards or a burnt mound was found during the excavation. The site revealed evidence of six phases of activity, predominantly from the prehistoric period, including a pit containing charred material and fire-cracked stones dating to the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, midden pits associated with mid-Neolithic Impressed Ware, a cluster of pits and postholes of Chalcolithic (Beaker) date which may represent a building, an isolated pit containing early Bronze Age pottery and a smaller cluster of late Bronze Age pits and postholes, which may also be the heavily truncated remains of a building. An important assemblage of mid-Neolithic ceramics was recovered from the site. The material comprises Impressed Ware, sometimes referred to as ‘Peterborough Ware’, which came from the fills of isolated ‘midden’ pits cut into the substratum. Some Neolithic-derivative, Beaker and late Bronze Age ceramics were also recovered from the site, along with 38 chipped lithics. A post-medieval enclosure was also excavated, although the lack of any structural evidence or material culture associated with this feature makes ascribing a function to this feature impossible. A total of 19 radiocarbon dates have now been produced from Bolton Hill Quarry making the site an important contribution to prehistoric studies of south-west Wales. The results of these excavations are of significance to research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods in Wales in particular, and in Britain more widely, given the radiometric dating associated with the Impressed Ware ceramics, as well as evidence for activity during the Mesolithic – Neolithic transition and possible buildings dating to the Chalcolithic (Beaker) and late Bronze Age. The results will be of use in developing understanding of Middle and Later Neolithic landscape occupation, as the tradition of burial of domestic midden material shown at Bolton Hill is in keeping with other sites in Wales, such as Parc Bryn Cegin (Kenney 2008), as well as further afield at sites as far apart as Kilverstone, Norfolk (Garrow et al. 2005) and Cheviot and Lanton Quarries in Northumberland (Johnson and Waddington 2008; Waddington 2009). | <urn:uuid:eb534a7c-6aca-44ad-8757-de790b90837d> | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | https://www.archaeologicalresearchservices.com/projects/bolton-hill-quarry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267867364.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20180625014226-20180625034226-00243.warc.gz | en | 0.961253 | 605 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Knox County, Tennessee Marriage Records, 1792-1837.
By: Work Projects Administration, Pub. 1934, Reprinted 2018, 453 pages, Index, ISBN #0-89308-694-0.
Knox County was created in 1792 from Greene and Hawkins counties, TN. This is another of the MUCH-NEEDED books on Eastern Tennessee to fill in the gaps for families migrating into and through this area on their way westward | <urn:uuid:68e5d47a-67a8-45cf-9ebd-84a1196d45ac> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | https://southernhistoricalpress.com/products/knox-county-tennessee-marriage-records-1792-1837 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247508363.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20190221193026-20190221215026-00330.warc.gz | en | 0.838814 | 96 | 2.90625 | 3 |
How much do we understand about school closings?
by Timothy Boyle on Jan 25 2013 Posted in Boyle's law
Schools must close. Some buildings in Philadelphia are just too expensive to maintain. The process will be painful -- this much we can all agree on.
As I listen to the public discourse and read different editorials supporting or opposing school closings, I am disappointed by the lack of knowledge as to the specifics of recommended closures. Those who call for no school closings at all, as well as those who agree with all proposed closings, have not dug deeply enough into the School District's plan. I support closing schools that are poorly utilized, are in poor condition, and have high operational costs. It is what school districts do, both in times of fiscal security and insecurity. Some of the recommendations in the District's Facilities Master Plan meet these criteria, and some do not.
Reviewing all of the data has been no easy task. You can see most of the data on the School District’s website. Recently, at a series of ongoing public forums, the District has been using PowerPoint presentations to give some explanations for why individual schools were recommended for closure. I wish that the District had, and would, include all the schools' profile data in those presentations. Doing so would afford families a better understanding of the reasons why a school should close.
The Great Unknown up till now has been how schools rank in each of the four factors (academic performance, utilization, building quality, and costs) that the District used to make school-closure assessments and how schools would compare to each other in these rankings. Yet despite not having all the facts that the District does, we can still ascertain that some of the recommendations make sense, while others don't.
For instance, the recommendation to relocate the Carnell Middle Years program and Lawton's 6th grade to underutilized Harding Middle School is a reasonable one. Moving the Middle Years program (grades 7-8) to Harding is a necessity: The old Fels building that housed the program is structurally unsound and unusable, with the District renting space at St. Bernard's for the remainder of the school year. Moving Lawton's 6th graders makes sense, because the school is above optimal capacity at 96 percent. (The District’s stated goal is for schools to be around 85 percent utilization.) Although these actions will decrease the budgets of Lawton and Carnell, they will greatly expand the academic possibilities at Harding. Planning on what can be done with the additional funds going to Harding is something the District officials should be articulating now in order to make their case.
One clear example of a decision that does not meet the criteria is the recommendation to move 6th graders from Pennell and Logan Elementaries to Wagner Middle School. Adding these students to Wagner, which is below half capacity, will get the school’s utilization rate closer to 60 percent than the District's target of 85 percent. Both Pennell and Logan are located in buildings that are in better physical shape than Wagner's, according to the District's assessment of the facilities' condition and costs. With 6th-grade enrollments at Pennell and Logan trending down, the likelihood of achieving long-term, optimal utilization at a “bad” building is unlikely as well as cost-prohibitive.
A better deployment of resources would be to close underutilized Wagner and add students to nearby schools like Rowen and Ellwood. This improves utilization of the “better” buildings throughout the feeder pattern. Creating programs to attract students to Howe, Logan, and Pennell, and turning them into K-8 grade span schools would be better than shifting 100 students around the eastern part of Northwest Philadelphia. Moving forward with the current relocation proposal would not achieve any of the District's stated goals of the Facilities Master Plan.
Here's another head-scratcher: shifting the 6th grade out of Cramp Elementary and into Stetson Middle School, which was taken over by Aspira, an education management organization, during the Rennaissance process. The District has made it a priority to standardize grade spans across the system. But schools like Mastery-Smedley, Tilden, and Feltonville will still not be in the K-5, 6-8, 9-12 grade spans, even if the plan is implemented in its entirety. So, it would appear, grade-span standardization is a priority, but not a necessity.
There are 95 5th graders at Cramp this year. Moving them from a District-operated school to a Renaissance charter will cost about $665,000. (The cost of a new charter seat is about $7,000, according to District officials.) Cramp students already feed into Stetson Middle School for 7th grade. Is decreasing the resources at Cramp and spending even more money on charter seats with the same AYP status really worth the trouble in the name of grade-span standardization?
I agree with the education interest groups that we Philadelphians need to rally behind Superintendent William Hite’s plan and do the work that must be done to improve schools. But these decisions are too important to be made before the choices are thoroughly understood. I sincerely hope that those who call for blind support of all Facilities Master Plan options, or refuse to accept that buildings outlive their usefulness, take the time to review all the relevant documents and refine their positions.
Timothy Boyle teaches at the Academy for the Middle Years Northwest and is the operations director for Teachers Lead Philly.
The opinions expressed are solely those of the author. | <urn:uuid:3a95f93c-09e1-4f3f-8018-5c6cb5bfb7c6> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://thenotebook.org/blog/135529/how-much-do-we-understand-about-school-closings | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011074272/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091754-00081-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96488 | 1,158 | 2.59375 | 3 |
論文アブストラクト： In response to recent calls for HCI to address ongoing environmental crises and existential threats, this paper introduces the concept of collaborative survival and examines how it shapes the design of interactive artifacts. Collaborative survival describes how our (human) ability to persist as a species is deeply entangled with and dependent upon the health of a multitude of other species. We explore collaborative survival within the context of designing tools for mushroom foraging and reflect on how interactive products can open new pathways for noticing and joining-with these entanglements towards preferable futures. In addition to highlighting three tactics-engagement, attunement and expansion-that can guide designs towards multispecies flourishing, our prototypes illustrate the potential for wearable technology to extend the body into the environment.
論文アブストラクト： The profound impact of digital technologies on human life makes it imperative for HCI research to deal with the most fundamental aspects of human existence. Arguably, insights from existential philosophy and psychology are highly relevant for addressing such issues. Building on previous attempts to bring in existential themes and terminology to HCI, this paper argues that Yalom's notion of "the givens of existence", as well as related work in experimental existential psychology, can inform the development of an existential inquiry framework in HCI. The envisioned framework is intended to complement current approaches in HCI by specifically focusing on the existential aspects of the design and use of technology. The paper reflects on possible ways, in which existential concepts can support HCI research, and maintains that adopting an existential framework in HCI would be consistent with the overall conceptual development of the field.
Irvin Yalomが提唱した“the givens of existence”ー実在が与えるものーをベースとし、HCI研究における実在調査手法を実在主義をベースとするHCI研究のサーベイを通じて言及した。人の認知をモデル化する心理学ではなく、自らの生存における最も基本的な課題に人がどのように対処するかに言及する心理学にフォーカスした。
論文アブストラクト： Biosensing displays, increasingly enrolled in emotional reflection, promise authoritative insight by presenting users' emotions as discrete categories. Rather than machines interpreting emotions, we sought to explore an alternative with emotional biosensing displays in which users formed their own interpretations and felt comfortable critiquing the display. So, we designed, implemented, and deployed, as a technology probe, an emotional biosensory display: Ripple is a shirt whose pattern changes color responding to the wearer's skin conductance, which is associated with excitement. 17 participants wore Ripple over 2 days of daily life. While some participants appreciated the 'physical connection' Ripple provided between body and emotion, for others Ripple fostered insecurities about 'how much' feeling they had. Despite our design intentions, we found participants rarely questioned the display's relation to their feelings. Using biopolitics to speculate on Ripple's surprising authority, we highlight ethical stakes of biosensory representations for sense of self and ways of feeling.
論文アブストラクト： Our work links hybrid practices from biology, fine arts, and design in a studio setting to support materially-oriented engagement with biotechnology. Using autoethnographic methods, we present our two-year process of converting an HCI studio into a BSL-1 (biosafety level 1) facility, our iterative development of low-cost tools, and our own self-reflexive experimentation with (DIY)bio protocols. Insights from this work led us to design a weeklong bioart course, whereby junior highschool students creatively "painted" with bacteria and antibiotic substances, digitally designed stencils from the resulting petri dish images, and screenprinted them onto physical artifacts. Our findings reveal the nuances of working with biological, analog, and digital materials in a design studio setting. We conclude by reflecting on DIYbio studio as a gathering of diverse actors who work with hybrid materials to give physical form to matters of concern. | <urn:uuid:7db241b5-6809-4192-9805-35d20643f3d6> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | http://study.hci.one/event/chi2018/summary/session/Bio%20Design%20and%20Existence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039747024.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20181121032129-20181121053106-00040.warc.gz | en | 0.695527 | 971 | 2.609375 | 3 |
This implementation of iostreams and locales provides Multithread-Safety Level 2 as an option. All public and protected functions are reentrant under certain conditions, and there is protection against multiple threads trying to modify static and global data. The library may also lock an iostream object before modifying it. When this level of multi-thread safety is enabled, client code is not required to explicitly lock or unlock a class object, whether static, global, or local, in order to perform a single operation on the object.
This means that iostream objects, with the exception of stream buffers, can be shared between threads of execution using a simple mutex object without explicit locking. The locking mechanism is enforced at the stream level. Therefore, all operations carried out on the stream are multithread safe, including the following:
std::cout << "Thread 1" << std::endl;
std::cout << " Thread 2" << std::endl;
The eight standard iostream objects, std::cin, std::cout, std::cerr, std::clog, std::wcin, std::wcout, std::wcerr, and std::wclog, are normally thread-safe by default. Due to the overhead necessitated by thread-safety no other stream objects are thread-safe by default. This behavior can be customized when the library is configured.
Thread safety is controlled by two bits, ios_base::nolock and ios_base::nolockbuf. These bits can be set on an iostream object (such as std::cout) using the public member function std::ios_base::setf(). When the bits are set, the object behaves in a thread-safe way as described above. The public member function std::ios_base::unsetf() clears both bits. When the bits are not set, the object is not thread-safe. It is also possible to set the bits individually to allow the stream thread-unsafe access on the stream data (nolock), or to prevent the stream from locking prior to accessing the stream buffer (nolockbuf).
NOTE -- The C++ standard does not address multi-thread safety in any way. These bits are extensions to the standard. Code using these bits is inherently unportable.
The ios_base::nolock and ios_base::nolockbuf bits are not available in strictly conforming mode (strict ANSI). | <urn:uuid:3f9e70e0-ffbb-4cd8-bd68-ec426f1155ae> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://stdcxx.apache.org/doc/stdlibug/44-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701163512.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193923-00216-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.881816 | 524 | 3.1875 | 3 |
How does water pollution affect human health?
Pollution can be understood as the chemical or physical alteration of the qualities of air, water and soil.
Water is one of the essential elements of human life, accounting for about 70% of the constitution of the mass of the human body, and is essential in the biological processes of living beings and ecosystems.
In addition to its ecological function, water also has its importance as a productive element, being used for the production of clothing, food, among other things,
Despite its great importance and being a very abundant element on planet earth, only about 2.7% of the total volume of water on the planet is sweet, but only 0.3% is available for direct use by living beings.
The typology of pollution affecting water resources is diverse, and may be of natural origin or, in most cases, anthropic. Among the natural forms of pollution of water resources are: sedimentary and biological, affect in the physical and chemical quality of the water, usually in the alteration of the turbidity, increase in the concentration of organic matter, decrease of the free oxygen and consequent increase in the demand Of oxygen.
Among the forms of anthropic pollution are: residential, industrial, that affect the chemical and thermal quality of water bodies, producing changes in their dynamics.
Water pollution is one of the biggest dangers to health, after all, we can not survive without drinking water and if it is polluted, it can cause serious health problems when ingested.
The various types of pollutants affect human health in different ways. Some microorganisms, such as bacteria, that can develop naturally in water or are introduced with the types of pollution cited, can cause serious illness to humans.
Typhoid fever, cholera, hepatitis, dysentery and polio are some examples of diseases caused by pathogens in water. These diseases are mainly dangerous to children and are responsible for almost 60% of child mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries, which do not have an adequate water and sewage treatment network.
Chemical pollutants do not cause disease directly, however, they provide great long-term health damage, even at low levels of concentration. These pollutants end up being accidentally consumed by fish and are accumulated in their tissues. When these fish are consumed, the pollutants eventually enter our body - in the future, diseases can arise from this high concentration. | <urn:uuid:fd59a314-f7c4-4ca2-a6cb-a583decad284> | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | https://socratic.org/questions/how-does-water-pollution-affect-human-health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912202450.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20190320190324-20190320212324-00487.warc.gz | en | 0.943618 | 482 | 3.390625 | 3 |
- (noun) civil war in the United States between the North and the South; 1861-1865
Find a translation for american civil war in other languages:
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"american civil war." Rhymes.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2016. Web. 27 Jun 2016. <http://www.rhymes.net/rhyme/american%20civil%20war>. | <urn:uuid:76f9c578-9ca0-4fc8-a530-a456f6eee4af> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://www.rhymes.net/rhyme/american%20civil%20war | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783395621.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154955-00133-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.680878 | 117 | 2.609375 | 3 |
More than half of Liberia's forests have been granted to logging companies according to figures released to the Guardian from Global Witness – and all of the contracts have been issued during Ellen Johnson Sirleaf's government. "What we've seen over at least the past 18 months is an explosion of logging concessions," said Jonathan Gant, policy adviser at Global Witness.
More than 40% of the Upper Guinea rainforest is in Liberia. Rich, dense forest packed with rare and endangered species sprawls for hundreds of miles over the small coastal country. Sapo National Park, one of three protected areas in Liberia, contains more than 40 endangered species including the pygmy hippo, forest elephant, golden cat and western chimpanzee.
After 14 years of civil war, during which the country was stripped of roads, electricity, hospitals and schools, the revenue from logging concessions is crucial for rebuilding the country. But Global Witness has found evidence that huge swaths of land are being relinquished to logging companies without adherence to local regulations or laws. Most of this land is virgin rainforest.
Conflict timber became the main source of funding for the former president, Charles Taylor, during the war, after the UN imposed sanctions on importing Liberian diamonds in 2001. Despite this, Liberia still has an abundance of forest. Global Witness calculates that, since 2008, 2.4m hectares (5.9m acres) of the country's 4.4m hectares of forest have been granted to logging companies – around 55%.
Logging exports resumed in 2010, after a UN timber ban was lifted in 2006, and are expected to increase as dredging companies deepen the ports in Monrovia and Greenville in the south-east.
In 2006, President Sirleaf was praised for revoking all existing timber concessions and introducing new forestry legislation, after the contracts were criticised for being awarded in a corrupt way. Liberia was the first African country to be compliant with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. The new legislation outlined sustainable practices for concessions to follow. However, the private use permit (PUP) for private landowners on smaller areas of land was also introduced. Global Witness claims logging companies are scooping up large areas using these permits, often without permission from local communities; PUPs now amount to nearly half of Liberia's logging concessions.
Liberia's Truth and Reconciliation Commission's final report identified land disputes as one of the causes of the civil war. The commission released a survey, carried out in conjunction with the EU in 2008, saying land disputes were still the biggest threat to peace. A year later, the government of Liberia established the land commission with a mandate to address land conflicts. Since then, various policies and guidelines have been submitted to the president, but the country is still waiting for land law reform. The Community Rights Act defines customary land as owned by the communities living on it, whether or not there is any formal document. However, Liberia's constitution allows for expropriation "in the public interest" and ensures compensation. More than 40% of the country's land has been granted to foreign concessions – including logging, palm oil, rubber and mining companies – since Sirleaf came to power in 2006, according to Global Witness
Last summer, Liberia joined other major timber-producing countries and signed a legally binding agreement with the EU "committing them to trading only in wood products that can be verified as legal". The EU regulation comes into effect in March 2013, requiring all companies that export to Europe to prove they are buying timber that has been logged legally, and it is expected Liberia will be ready to begin issuing licences to export by 2014. For now though, many of the logging activities in Liberia are slipping under the radar, meaning little money and few benefits reach the people.
The main issue, according to Anyaa Vohiri, executive director of the government's Environment Protection Agency (EPA), is that the government does not have the manpower or knowledge to scrutinise companies: "The EPA has the mandate of monitoring, regulating, taking care and making sure that there's sustainable use of our natural resources. But the reality is the EPA doesn't have the capacity to do it. It's scary really when we are trying to develop so fast."
Vohiri, who drafted many of the forestry laws and has worked in Sapo National Park with the NGO Fauna & Flora International, says companies must also take ownership of the problem: "Africa is now the area where economic development supposedly is going to take off but are you building our capacity to handle that, or are you coming in to extract, to take our resources and go and develop it out there and sell it back to us for a huge amount of money? That's the problem. That's the conflict."
Morris Kamara, from the government's Forestry Development Authority says the environment can often take a back seat. "If you want to balance conservation with mining, mining will win and the reason is very clear because mining brings in fast money. If you want to balance conservation with livelihood in a postwar situation, I can tell you definitely livelihood will win," he says.
Money from the foreign direct investments should reach the people of Liberia in two ways. First, the revenue from the concessions should flow into the national budget. According to Liberia's poverty reduction strategy, "concession revenues will be used to promote public welfare by financing investments in roads, education, health, water, and other areas". However, there is no mechanism in place to track where this money is going and in turn no way to ensure the funds are being used to "promote public welfare". Second, mining concessions are obligated to contribute to social development funds, while agricultural concessions contribute to county development funds.
But Ali Kaba, from the Sustainable Development Institute, said corruption at various levels often prevents the money in these funds reaching the communities. "The benefits that should trickle down to the communities are being mismanaged. In some respects the institutional arrangements and capacity are so poor." He argued that communities should be involved in any negotiations with concessions right from the start, before any agreement is signed. The government then needs to "make sure the institutions are right, so enforcing laws, prosecuting people who make bad decisions or [who] corrupt community funds".
In May, Sirleaf joined other heads of state in Botswana at the summit for sustainability in Africa. She admitted the country had little to show for the iron ore that was exported under previous governments, claiming that striking the right balance between current needs and the future is a top priority. | <urn:uuid:d18fe04a-aa2d-4d19-b2b8-83f4eeca730e> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/jul/05/liberia-forest-sell-off-risks-conflict | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644065324.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025425-00177-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968492 | 1,328 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Blog submitted by Barbara A. DeBuono, MD, MPH
Barbara A. DeBuono, MD, MPH is President and CEO of ORBIS
Cost-effective analysis is a measure that is discussed frequently in the context of healthcare in the United States. This process compares the costs and the benefits of a healthcare-related intervention. In the field of eye care it is clear that the benefits outweigh the cost.
On World Sight Day, I had the opportunity to attend a VISION 2020 congressional briefing in Washington DC with other eye care partners and government officials. The theme of the event was Cost Effectiveness of Blindness Prevention Activities. The event featured a presentation by Dr. Kevin Frick, professor at John Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health and an expert in calculating cost-effectiveness of health care.
We all know that the cost of blindness and visual impairment in the United States is enormous. According to Dr. Frick, in the United States a blind individual aged 40 or older spends an extra $2587 on medical care every year. In 2008, the estimated United States societal medical cost of all blind individuals was $2.7 billion.1 Imagine what this would look like on a global scale.
When we apply these factors to the developing world, this cost goes beyond an economic and financial burden. Yet, we do not have strong data and research to support this assumption. What we do know is that blindness and visual impairment impact quality of life. In these communities, these conditions can hinder an individual’s ability to gain an education, gain employment and contribute to family financial stability. Ultimately, this can trap a family in a cycle of poverty. Studies have shown for example that individuals with cataract are more likely to be poor than those with normal vision.2
There has been little research to examine the correlation between blindness and poverty. ORBIS and partners in South Africa are currently working to help fill this gap. Using results of a household survey conducted by the South African War on Poverty Initiative, ORBIS and partners collected data regarding eye care in poor South African households. This will be followed by an analysis of the relationship between factors such as disability, access to healthcare and blindness. The results will be shared with the South African government for planning and advocacy purposes. Examining blindness in the context of poverty can serve as a powerful advocacy tool for increased budget and attention to eye care services.
This is the data and information we need to put eye health on the global agenda. At ORBIS we hope to continue to work with global partners and use such data to advocate for increased eye care services and blindness prevention globally.
Children perform at the opening celebration for the ORBIS supported Pediatric Eye Care Center in Durban, South Africa in partnership with the KwaZulu Natal (KZN) Department of Health.
1. Frick, K. “Cost-Effectiveness of Blindness Prevention” Vision 2020 World Sight Day 2012 Congressional Briefing. Washington DC
2. International Center for Eye Health. (2009). Cataract Impact Study: Summary report. Retrieved from https://www.iceh.org.uk/display/WEB/Cataract+impact+study# | <urn:uuid:c6bb4142-bd82-43ed-8ada-415126d2102a> | CC-MAIN-2014-23 | http://blog.orbis.org/orbis_international/2011/11/blog-submitted-by-barbara-a-debuono-md-mph-barbara-a-debuono-md-mph-is-president-and-ceo-of-orbis-cost-effective-anal.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510260734.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011740-00328-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944502 | 660 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Crater Lake is a spectacular mountain lake in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Widely renowned for its great depth and beauty, it is also a sacred lake revered by the Klamath Indians.
History of Crater Lake
Crater Lake was formed around 4680 BC when the volcanic Mount Mazama blew its top in spectacular fashion. The eruption, estimated to have been 42 times more powerful than Mt. St. Helens' 1980 blast, reduced Mazama's approximate 11,000 foot height by around half a mile.
The mountain peak feel into the volcano's partially emptied neck and magma chamber, and Crater Lake was formed in the new crater.
Crater Lake has long been revered as sacred by the Klamath tribe of Native Americans, whose myths embody the catastrophic event they witnessed thousands of years ago. The central legend tells of two Chiefs, Llao of the Underworld and Skell of the World Above, pitted in a battle which ended in the destruction of Llao's home, Mt. Mazama.
An 1886 article in The Oregonian newspaper reported:
This account, and others like it, is now regarded as factually inaccurate. Although the Klamath Indians regarded the lake with much respect, awe and fear, many did (and do) approach the lake. In fact, Crater Lake was a major site for vision quests.
The 1920s researcher Leslie Spier was told of a Klamath man who, "having lost a child, went swimming in Crater lake; before evening he had become a shaman." The quest for such spirits required courage and resolution:
Another ritual at Crater Lake was to undertake strenuous and dangerous climbs along the caldera wall. Some would run, starting at the western rim and running down the wall of the crater to the lake. One who could reach the lake without falling was thought to have superior spirit powers. Sometimes such quests were undertaken by groups. Rocks were often piled as feats of endurance and evidence of spiritual effort. Such rock-pile sites are usually built on peaks or ridges with fine views of the lake.
On June 5, 1853, Crater Lake was seen by white men for the first time. Three gold prospectors came upon it and one remarked in his journal, "This is the bluest lake we've ever seen." They named it Deep Blue Lake. Crater Lake has been impressing visitors ever since. In 1886, Captian Clarence Dutton, who made the first measurements of the depth of the lake, observed:
Similarly, Mark Daniels, General Superintendent of the National Parks, remarked of Crater Lake:
In 1902, Congress decided that Crater Lake and its surrounding 180,000 acres were to be "dedicated and set apart forever as a public park or pleasure ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people of the United States." The passing of this act was the culmination of a 17-year effort, championed by Crater Lake's primary promoter, William G. Steel.
Today, Crater Lake remains a sacred site for power quests and other spiritual pursuits, both for members of the Klamath Tribe and those interested in Native American spirituality. And for just about everyone, the spectacular lake is a place of religious-like awe.
In 2005, Crater Lake appeared on the Oregon quarter.
What to See at Crater Lake
With a depth of 1958 feet, Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States and the seventh deepest in the world. At an elevation of 7000 to 8000 feet at the caldera rim, it is the deepest lake in the world that is entirely above sea level.
The lake's surface is six miles wide. There is no inlet or outlet to the lake: it is supplied with water from the great amounts of snow that fall every year. (Crater Lake National Park is one of the snowiest areas in the Pacific Northwest.) The water of Crater Lake is some of the clearest fresh water found anywhere in the world.
Crater Lake contains a prominent island known as Wizard Island, which was formed during the eruption over 7,000 years ago. A smaller island is called the Phantom Ship.
Look also for the "Old Man of the Lake," a hemlock log that has been floating upright in the lake for more than 100 years. Wind currents enable the Old Man to travel to different locations around the lake.
There is much to do in Crater Lake National Park in addition to admiring and contemplating the lake itself. Day hikes, fishing and scuba diving are among the activities enjoyed by visitors.
Quick Facts on Crater Lake
|Names:||Crater Lake · Crater Lake National Park|
|Visitor and Contact Information|
|Coordinates:||42.941093° N, 122.105484° W|
|Hours:||Open year-round, but most of Rim Drive is closed by snow until July.|
|Lodging:||View hotels near Crater Lake|
- Personal visit (April 30, 2009).
- Official Website of Crater Lake National Park
- Crater Lake in Indian Tradition: Sacred Landscapes and Cultural Survival - Crater Lake National Park (1997)
- Linda W. Greene, Historic Resource Study: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (Denver: USDI-NPS, 1984).
- Harlan D. Unrau, Administrative History, Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (Denver: USDI-NPS, 1988).
- Stephen L. Harris, Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes (Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 1988)
- Leslie Spier, Klamath Ethnography (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1930).
- Photos of Crater Lake - here on Sacred Destinations
Map of Crater Lake, Oregon
Below is a location map and aerial view of Crater Lake. Using the buttons on the left (or the wheel on your mouse), you can zoom in for a closer look, or zoom out to get your bearings. To move around, click and drag the map with your mouse. | <urn:uuid:3bb3c1ee-fe21-4fe6-b819-4652f0f34ebd> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://www.sacred-destinations.com/usa/crater-lake/usa/crater-lake | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806768.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20171123085338-20171123105338-00709.warc.gz | en | 0.948523 | 1,268 | 3.671875 | 4 |
The fascinating evolution of photography from Daguerreotype to digital images
If the video player is not working, you can watch the video from this alternative link.
Photography began back in 1800 when British inventor Thomas Wedgwood realized one could, in theory, preserve the image produced by a camera obscura via the use of a light-sensitive substance. The early images produced via this method were grainy and faded quickly, but they were the foundation for the first commercially available photographic process: the Daguerreotype introduced in 1839 by Louis Daguerre.
Daguerre used a special technique that involved polishing a sheet of silver-plated copper, treating it with iodine vapor, developing the image by exposing the plate to heated mercury, and “fixing” the image in place with hot salt water. Although this might seem like a lot of work, the process took just minutes and produced what was at the time considered very impressive results.
Many other technologies were invented after the Daguerreotype but it wasn't until 1885 that what some consider the biggest early breakthrough in photography came to be. It was the introduction of film and it laid the foundation for the photography we have today.
What was this new and advanced technology? Why did it forever change photography? What other key developments were made to get to today's cameras? This video answers all these questions and more.
More than half of the Brazilian population deals with food insecurity. This social startup is trying to combat food waste within the country and help feed people in need. | <urn:uuid:8ce75491-0ccb-4ef5-af4c-5826fb1c5885> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://interestingengineering.com/video/evolution-of-photography-daguerreotype | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948684.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327185741-20230327215741-00367.warc.gz | en | 0.974335 | 321 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Thirdly, technological environment. This refer to the all the ways by which firms create value for their constituents. The technological environment creates new good and services. New products make existing products obsolete, and many products change our values and lifestyles. In turn, lifestyle changes often stimulate new products not directly related to the new technologies themselves. Technological advances in manufacturing, which may be developed through research and development, will help in in addressing the rising costs of raw ingredients and transportation and this may include innovations such as heat resistant chocolate which would be more suitable for hotter climates in emerging markets. Like many organisations, Cadbury use social media, such as Facebook, as a form of connecting and communicating with its customers. This helps reinforce the relationships between the organization and its customers and enables the changes in both the organization and its customers to be responded to. | <urn:uuid:584ec743-46a4-4c7d-93b3-09709a5ef646> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://campuscrosswalk.org/thirdly-10708/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334596.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220925193816-20220925223816-00583.warc.gz | en | 0.962142 | 170 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Exercises • 75
• Python uses type str to represent text as sequences of characters.
• Strings are created by placing pairs of single or double quotes around the
text. Multillne strings can be created uslng matchlng pairs of triple quotes.
• Special characters like newline and tab are represented uslng escape
sequences that begln with a backslash.
• Values can be printed uslng built-in function print, and input can be pro
vided by the user using built-in function input. | <urn:uuid:cb1c80c1-4167-43a9-8d32-ef52d51fbbdb> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://anyflip.com/nhis/jchi/basic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500356.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20230206145603-20230206175603-00193.warc.gz | en | 0.808427 | 116 | 4.125 | 4 |
Doctor's Notes on Miscarriage
Miscarriage (also termed a spontaneous abortion) is the spontaneously end of pregnancy before the fetus can survive. Signs and symptoms of a miscarriage are vaginal bleeding (from small amounts to severe bleeding with blood clots and products of conception being passed out of the vagina such as tissue and/or a nonviable fetus) and abdominal pain that may radiate to the lower back, genitals, buttocks, and cramping. Most miscarriages usually occur before 20 weeks of pregnancy. The late signs and symptoms include the reduction of and ending of signs of pregnancy such as nausea, breast swelling and abdominal enlargement.
Miscarriage is caused by separation of the fetus and the placenta from the uterine wall. Examples of underlying causes of the fetal/placental separation are as follows: abnormal fetus (usually during the first three months of pregnancy), chronic or acute illnesses of the mother such as high blood pressure, diabetes, acute infections like German measles, fibroids, abnormal placental growth and development and drug use like alcohol abuse and cocaine use.
The risk of miscarriage increases the woman’s age, especially if she becomes pregnant and is older than 35 years of age.
If a women is having a spontaneous miscarriage, she will probably have vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and cramping.
- Bleeding may be only slight spotting, or it can be quite severe. A health care professional will ask about how much the woman has bled-usually the number of pads you've soaked through. She will also be asked about blood clots or whether she saw any tissue.
- Pain and cramping occur in the lower abdomen. They may occur on only one side, both sides, or in the middle. The pain can also go into the lower back, buttocks, and genitals.
- The woman may no longer have signs of pregnancy such as nausea or breast swelling/tenderness if she has experienced a miscarriage.
Miscarriage is caused by the separation of the fetus and placenta from the uterine wall. Although the actual cause of the miscarriage is frequently unclear, the most common reasons include the following:
- An abnormal fetus causes almost all miscarriages during the first three months of pregnancy (first trimester). Problems in the genes are responsible for an abnormal fetus and are found in more than half of miscarried fetuses. The risk of defective genes increases with the woman's age, especially if she is older than 35 years.
- Miscarriage during the fourth through sixth months of pregnancy (second trimester) is usually related to an abnormality in the mother rather than in the fetus.
- Chronic illnesses, including diabetes, severe high blood pressure, kidney disease, lupus, and underactive or overactive thyroid gland, are frequent causes of a miscarriage. Prenatal care is important because it screens for some of these diseases.
- Acute infections, including German measles, CMV (cytomegalovirus), mycoplasma ("walking" pneumonia) and other unusual germs can also cause miscarriage.
- Diseases and abnormalities of the internal female organs can also cause miscarriage. Some examples are an abnormal womb, fibroids, poor muscle tone in the mouth of the womb, abnormal growth of the placenta (also called the afterbirth), and being pregnant with multiples.
- Other factors, especially certain drugs, including alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine, may be related to miscarriage.
While everyone feels sad from time to time, if that occurs most days for more than two weeks, it could mean that clinical depression is occurring. Major depression is a period of sadness, irritability, or low motivation that occurs with other symptoms, lasts at least two weeks in a row, and is severe enough to negatively affect one's life. Depression is not a sign of weakness or a character flaw. It is a real and treatable medical illness.
These PET scans of the brain indicate low activity in a person suffering from depression compared to someone who is not depressed.
Kasper, D.L., et al., eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015. | <urn:uuid:9267eb77-527c-43ee-afc9-df097cf62939> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://www.emedicinehealth.com/miscarriage/symptom.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146064.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20200225080028-20200225110028-00288.warc.gz | en | 0.946826 | 866 | 3.34375 | 3 |
definition 1: to make different; to alter the content or form of.
example: The witness changed his testimony.
example: The author was not satisfied with her novel until she’d changed the ending.
definition 2: to cause to become something completely different (usually followed by “to” or “into”).
example: They changed their reservation from seven o’clock to eight o’clock.
example: In the fairy tale, the witch changes the prince into a frog.
example: Someone changed the number 4 into a 9.
See full entry | <urn:uuid:cef2c7ea-410f-4b1f-9af8-bc434e3de5cd> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.wordsmyth.net/blog/change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698541907.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170901-00049-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932557 | 124 | 3.828125 | 4 |
When a roof has been exposed to a hailstorm severe enough to cause granules to be dislodged from the surface of the shingles (in spots large enough which expose the asphalt), the roof has been compromised.
The colored granules which are placed on the surface of the shingle serve two purposes:
- They provide an aesthetically pleasing product, and
- They protect the underlying asphalt from exposure to the sun.
Prolonged exposure to sun causes asphalt to deteriorate. This is the reason that a hail damaged roof will tend to fail prematurely.
Heavy hail damage is obvious because of the indentations in the shingle. When the surface damage of the shingle is not visible, look for indentations on vents, ridge vents, siding, or any other softer metal objects that may show impact.
The effects on the shingle may not be apparent for about a year. At this time, circular areas of granules will fall off the shingle. This is often called spalling. What has occurred is that the impact of the hailstone has broken or weakened the bond between the granules and the asphalt.
After a year or so of weathering, the granules fall off the shingle in the circular area of impact. With granules missing, the sunlight (UV) quickly attacks the asphalt and the maximum performance of the shingle has been compromised. The standard Limited Warranty on Roofing Shingles is void when shingles are damaged due to the evidence of hailstorms under all conditions stated above. | <urn:uuid:a48e9f65-19a8-47c3-af06-416303ed7c04> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | https://4kexteriors.com/the-effects-of-hail-damage-on-asphalt-shingles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107898499.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20201028103215-20201028133215-00308.warc.gz | en | 0.946042 | 317 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Disallowing content access to the internet is highly required for those who make use of web for bad stuff. Sites Admins can also control user’s IP and block them to access their site, but it was done if any user IP is doing thing that harming the website’s server. Blocking websites through your computer or router is the best way to take care of users who use your device, network and don’t allow them to visit websites that you don’t want. According to my research, Parents and Colleges are very needed to block websites because they scare that kids may learn something bad from the internet or students will only access adult sites. I saw on many colleges, the network manager only blocks adult and entertaining sites or only allow to access limited sites like Wikipedia.org.
On WiFi Router
Blocking sites from the network side is the best way to block website access comparing all methods on this page. I don’t know what company’s router you’re currently using, but the popular companies are D-Link, Linksys, TP-LINK and more.
Every router’s web-based setup page is not similar, but the common essential features are available on all routers like Users blocking, Domain filtering, Statistics and more. Here are the steps to block websites, the multiple firmware tutorial.
Try a different method, if one if not working and default router credentials are “Username: admin” and “password: admin”.
Router Website Blocking (Method 1)
- Open router’s web panel by typing an address like http://192.168.0.1/ (or may be different).
- Under Advanced Tab, select Website Filter.
- Select ‘Deny computers access’ from drop menu.
- Type website URLs to block, for ex. ‘www.google.com’ and so on.
- Next, go to the Access Control and check Enable Access Control.
- Click Add Policy, go next and make schedule Always.
- Select Address type IP and enter IP address range (For example – 192.168.0.100 – 192.168.0.199).
- Check Filtering method ‘Block some access’ and Apply web filter.
- Disable web access logging.
- Save settings and you’re done.
- Not worked? Restart your router.
Router Website Blocking (Method 2)
- Open router’s control panel on browser by typing an address like http://192.168.0.1/ (or may be different).
- Select “Access control” under Advance settings.
- Go to the target, Add new and select mode domain name. Enter domain names or keywords, then save it.
- Just above, go to the host and Add new entry.
- Select a mode IP address and enter LAN IP Address range. (Copy start and end IP addresses from DHCP settings).
- Now go the Rule, Check “Enable Internet Access Control”, and “Deny” filter policy and save it.
- Select add new, enter name and select host and target.
- Save settings and open the blocked site.
- Not worked? Restart your router.
Router Website Blocking (Method 3)
- Open router’s web-based setup page by typing an address like http://192.168.0.1/ (or may be different).
- Go to “Access Restrictions” tab and make Access Blocking Policy to 1.
- Tap on Edit List and Enter IP address Range, Save it.
- Now select “Deny” to internet access and time is Everyday/24hours.
- Start entering website URLs to block, For ex. “www.youtube.com”.
- On blocked applications: move HTTP and HTTPS to the blocked list.
- Save settings and your done.
TP-LINK → www.tp-link.com/en/faq-273.html
On Computer (all browsers)
On a computer, you can block websites easily with or without software. This is the most common method today’s peoples know very well. You can also use the software to block sites on the PC and even software has more flexibility and control, but I love to block sites using the “hosts” file in Windows and it will block domains in all browsers.
- Open directory “C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc” (Only Administrator account can access this location).
- Right click to file “hosts” and edit with Notepad.
- Paste this line at the end on “hosts” file: ‘127.0.0.1 www.youtube.com’ and so on. (Make sure to break lines for multiple domains).
- Save the hosts file and restart your computer.
On Web Browser
If you would like to block websites on a specific web browser, then it can be easily done with the help of an extension. Make sure that if you block sites in chrome, the site will work in Firefox and other different browsers. I don’t like to block sites on a browser, but love to block ads in chrome.
Blocking sites on Chrome:
- Go to the chrome web store and install the extension: Block site.
- Now open Block site’s options page from chrome://extensions/.
- Tap on Blocked words, and start adding keywords that appear on the website’s domain name. For example – ‘facebook’ will block facebook.com, m.facebook.com and so on domains contains keywords “facebook”.
- To block specific pages and domains, go to Blocked Sites.
- For more easy, simply visit the website you want to block, right click>Block site>Add current site to blacklist.
Firefox -On Firefox store, the same Block site add-on is also available. I don’t think you need tutorial here, you can simply follow above steps. The add-on needs to restart your browser, please save your tabs first.
Which one is the best method for business?
Router side website blocking is best for business and home both because you can control sites for all computers, phones and other devices from one dashboard. | <urn:uuid:71e9e74c-191b-419e-9541-e4e66e769d74> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://vintaytime.com/how-to-block-websites/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806258.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120223020-20171121003020-00751.warc.gz | en | 0.83075 | 1,343 | 2.625 | 3 |
What is Therapeutic Touch?
In Therapeutic Touch, therapists place their hands on or near their patient's body with the intention to help or heal. In doing so, therapists believe that they are consciously directing or modulating an individual's energies by interacting with his or her energy field. The focus is on balancing the energies of the total person and stimulating the body's own natural healing ability rather than on the treatment of specific physical diseases.
Therapeutic Touch is based on the following assumptions:
- The human being is an open energy system composed of layers of energy that are in constant interaction with self, others, and the environment.
- Illness is an imbalance in an individual's energy field.
- Clearing or balancing the energy field promotes health.
- All humans have natural abilities to heal and enhance the healing in others.
Therapeutic Touch is a contemporary interpretation of several ancient laying-on-of-hands healing practices. Delores Krieger, PhD, RN, professor emeritus of Nursing at New York University, and Dora Kunz, a gifted energy healer, developed and standardized the technique in the 1970s. This standardization facilitates research and evaluation of treatment effects.
Therapeutic Touch, which is taught in many nursing schools, is categorized as a biofield energy therapy by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). Biofield therapies are techniques that intend to affect energy fields that surround and penetrate the human body. NCAAM notes that, although scientists are studying these phenomena, the existence of such fields has not yet been definitively proven.
Therapeutic Touch is not a substitute for medical treatment. It does complement conventional medical care and supports the person's body to be in the best condition to heal. Therapeutic Touch is beneficial with other therapies, such as acupressure, massage, imagery, biofeedback, and psychotherapy.
What is a session like?
A typical session lasts approximately 15 to 30 minutes. You will sit in a comfortable chair and lie down fully clothed. The Therapeutic Touch practitioner will begin by discussing your goals for healing. He or she will then use light touch and/or sweeping hand motions above the skin surface to assess and balance the energy in and around the body.
Therapeutic Touch practitioners generally follow these steps.
- Center themselves in the present moment and bring themselves to a calm, quiet state of consciousness.
- Assess the client's energy field.
- Clear and mobilize the client's energy field, direct energy to achieve wholeness, and balance the field.
- Evaluate and close the treatment.
- Ask for feedback and answer client questions.
What is the difference between Therapeutic Touch and Healing Touch?
Therapeutic Touch is a specific energy technique developed by Delores Krieger. Healing Touch is a collection of techniques developed and compiled by Janet Mentgen in the early 1980s. These techniques are taught through the Healing Touch program.
How might it benefit your health and wellbeing?
The goal of Therapeutic Touch is to assist the recipient in tapping into their own healing process and to restore wholeness and wellbeing at the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual levels of the person.
Therapeutic Touch does not attempt to cure disease, but rather to stimulate the body's natural healing process. According to Therapeutic Touch texts, the major effects of Therapeutic Touch are a deep relaxation response, reduction of pain and anxiety, and faster wound healing.
Practitioners believe that this therapy promotes health and wellbeing and eases the dying process. Patients who are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation have found it helpful in reducing side effects of treatment, such as nausea, vomiting, weakness, or fatigue. Others have seen reduced feelings of anxiety or grief.
Therapeutic Touch can benefit people of all ages and all states of health or illness, as well as plants and animals.
This therapy is generally very safe, but precautions need to be taken with pregnant women (since there is more than one energy field), and people with some forms of mental illness. Experienced practitioners will take these factors into account.
What does the research show?
The popularity of Therapeutic Touch in the nursing profession has encouraged research in this area. There have been more studies on Therapeutic Touch than other biofield energy therapies (Reiki, Healing Touch). There is a large enough body of evidence to conduct formalized analysis.
Early Therapeutic Touch studies reported by Heidt indicate efficacy in muscle relaxation and stress and anxiety reduction. Later studies identify physiological effects (pulse amplitude, blood pressure, pulse, and temperature) as well as subjective measures, such as stress, time perception, and self-assessment of health.
Where can I find a practitioner?
The best way to choose a practitioner is to get a referral from a trusted source. Before you visit, ask the practitioner about his or her educational preparation and experience. Make sure the practitioner has completed three levels of training and a supervised mentorship. Explain your specific needs and ask if he/she has worked with similar cases and if he/she can confidently serve you.
You should feel comfortable working with the Therapeutic Touch practitioner. | <urn:uuid:4ecadf57-99f4-425b-9b75-d0006099232f> | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | http://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/explore-healing-practices/therapeutic-touch | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999657009/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060737-00031-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94104 | 1,075 | 2.921875 | 3 |
CANDIDA RELEASE works by inhibiting the production of something called CHITIN. Chitin is found in insects and fungus and it is created by these organisms as an exoskeleton. Think of it as a natural armour suit.
The yeast, Candida, also produces its own layer of chitin in its cell wall; this is the reason why it can be so hard for the human body’s immune system to attack it.
A Chitin synthesis inhibitor is a compound that prevents the yeast from producing this layer of chitin to protect itself and without this protection your body can naturally attack and kill the fungus.
What makes CANDIDA RELEASE such a great solution to your Candida infection is that it is a totally inert chemical that has no effect on ANY of the human systems.
As humans have no body processes that involve the creation of chitin, then taking CANDIDA RELEASE will have no effect on the human body – it will however make the yeast vulnerable that’s infecting your system.
The compound found in CANDIDA RELEASE has been tested for many years on mammals and has shown consistently to have zero adverse effects, even when taken in massive dosages.
CANDIDA RELEASE also has no known drug interactions as it is an inert compound.
Even if you have not had a test for the Candida yeast but still suspect it is causing you ill health, taking chitin synthesis inhibitor will not affect you negatively if you do not have Candida. If you think you have the slightest chance of an infection of this yeast then to go ahead and take the chitin synthesis inhibitor as it is completely safe and harmless to humans and mammals!
Chitin synthesis inhibitor really is the safest and easiest treatment that you will find for Candida albicans.
In plain English – The fungus that previously was protecting itself from your immune system has now lost its armour and ready to be knocked out of your body.
Chitin synthesis inhibitor has for decades been widely used over-the-counter as a veterinary remedy available in pet shops under the name ‘PROGRAM’ and is given to dogs or cats once a month and it prevents flea larvae from growing into adult fleas by interfering with their Chitin synthesis. Chitin is the hard substance the exoskeleton of insects is made of.
In actuality you could actually buy ‘PROGRAM’ and use this to treat yourself as it is approved for human consumption. However, in order to buy the correct dosage for your weight it would end up costing you thousands of dollars.
The interesting fact about Chitin is that it is not just used by insects and arthropods; it also is a key part of the fungal cell wall of many fungal species.
Fungi – including Candida albicans – quickly die when there are holes in their cell walls, and that is what quickly happens when their Chitin production is stopped. The fungus “bleeds” to death: Its protoplasm simply escapes due to the intracellular pressure.
Candida forms long mycelia strands in human tissue but it is under constant environmental stress. It has to constantly replace damaged cell wall due to mechanical friction, chemical degradation and immune system action.
If Candida is prevented from repairing its cell wall, holes will ensue within hours. What happens is that instead of producing a strong Ergosterol – Chitin cell wall matrix, the Candida produces a weak, “leaky” Ergosterol cell wall with holes where the Chitin should have been, quickly leading to catastrophic failure of its cell wall in multiple spots, causing its contents to run out, killing the Candida fungus.
In some serious cases, a chronic Candida infection merely becomes temporarily suppressed and will come back less virulently, because the Candida, when it manages to acquire resistance, is forced to mutate into a form that does not use Chitin, resulting in a weaker Candida version, easier to get rid off by the immune system or with Ergosterol-targeting antifungals (the “azoles” such as Diflucan).
Due to FDA law we must include a disclaimer for this treatment as it is an off label use for the product: This product has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease | <urn:uuid:1d8ffc85-5565-489f-bea7-5c1156c574c6> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://www.candidarelease.com/chitin-synthesis-inhibitor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246641468.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045721-00109-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963229 | 923 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Creating a GPS cycle route on Google Earth
You can plan any type of route on Google Earth – not just a cycle route – but in my case I'd like to plan the route for a cycle tour in Denmark next May. Denmark has a network of cycle routes, some of which run alongside roads, but some follow country tracks that aren't all marked on Google Maps or other online mapping systems like OpenStreetMap. The advantage of Google Earth is that you can actually see the cycle routes and the sort of terrain they pass through. The way I'm doing it is to draw a 'path' by clicking a succession of points along where we'd like to cycle.
You draw a path on Google Earth by clicking the 'Draw Path' button on the toolbar above the map – see the pink oval at the top of the image above. This opens a dialog box into which you can type the name of your route and select a colour and line thickness. It also converts the hand symbol to a square cursor. You can drag this cursor along the map, laying down a track of points, but it's probably better to create the route by clicking, otherwise there will be too many needless points when the route is stored on a GPS. In fact, on the GPS unit (mine is a Garmin eTrex Legend HCx), the route will be stored as a track, not a route, because more trackpoints can be stored than routepoints. My route is the blue line on the map (example only). Once you've finished drawing your Google Earth path, you close the New Path dialog box, save the path, then email it to yourself before you close the program. This process is illustrated in the second image (inset), which shows the Google Earth sidebar menu. You will receive a .kmz file in your email inbox, in my case called Cycle path.kmz.
As an alternative to emailing the path to yourself you can save it from Google Earth to your hard drive with File / Save / Save Place As (illustrated).
Either way, the .kmz file then has to be converted to a .gpx file suitable for a GPS. Use RouteConverter. It works well, and gives you the option to convert with 'save as route, track, and waypoint list' as well as providing several map options in the map window. RouteConverter actually allows you to plan a route in Google Earth view too, but doesn't display all your position markers at once, as Google Earth does (the little red or blue squares on the map above). Converting .kmz files to GPS-friendly .gpx format can also be done online at GPSies.
Following the route with a GPS
The Garmin eTrex Legend HCx allows a maximum of 250 routepoints in a 'route' you can navigate, and 500 trackpoints on a 'track' you can follow. 'Navigate' is when you set the GPS to guide you along a thick purple line with directions. You can also navigate a track using 'tracback' – a bit fiddly in my experience, but in any case I don't want to navigate as such. On a cycle tour you want to conserve your GPS batteries as the unit will be switched on for most of the day and there isn't always somewhere to recharge the batteries. 'Following' a track uses less power. All you do is select your track and follow the trackline on the GPS map (see example, right).
Preparing the track in Google Earth
For a multi-day cycle tour you'll probably prepare a separate track for each day. That means 500 trackpoints maximum per day. The eTrex Legend HCx can store 10,000 trackpoints internally – enough for 20 days.
Following the track essentially means following the path you created in Google Earth. It will be a series of straight lines between the places you clicked on, so it won't necessarily be directly on the actual road or cycle route at all times, as you will be. So you need to make sure that when you create your path, it will be close enough to indicate that you're going the right way when you compare your position on the GPS map with the trackline. The 500 trackpoints your have at your disposal per day are normally enough for a whole day's cycling.
To 'fly the route' in Google Earth, there's a Play Tour icon button at the bottom right of the Places box in the sidebar. View a 'fly by' example here (the Nyborg to Odense leg of our forthcoming cycle tour in Denmark – requires Google Earth installed on your desktop). Alternatively, use the Navigation Controls to zoom down and tilt the view, then drag and let go the hand symbol with your mouse in the opposite direction to the 'flight', keeping to the path by rotating the North point as required.
See also route planning in Google Earth » | <urn:uuid:b9f5fe99-f89b-44e7-9423-bbdbd3a9c75c> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://cycleseven.org/creating-a-gps-cycle-route-on-google-earth | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267158429.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180922123228-20180922143628-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.92961 | 1,008 | 2.8125 | 3 |
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