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L_0426 | cell division | T_2516 | FIGURE 5.3 DNA replication | image | textbook_images/cell_division_21601.png |
L_0426 | cell division | T_2518 | FIGURE 5.4 Binary fission in a prokaryotic cell | image | textbook_images/cell_division_21602.png |
L_0426 | cell division | T_2520 | FIGURE 5.5 | image | textbook_images/cell_division_21603.png |
L_0426 | cell division | T_2520 | FIGURE 5.6 Cell division in a eukaryotic cell Phases of mitosis | image | textbook_images/cell_division_21604.png |
L_0426 | cell division | T_2523 | FIGURE 5.7 Eukaryotic cell cycle 1. Growth phase 1 (G1): The cell grows rapidly. It also carries out basic cell functions. It makes proteins needed for DNA replication and copies some of its organelles. A cell usually spends most of its lifetime in this phase. 2. Synthesis phase (S): The cell copies its DNA. This is DNA replication. 3. Growth phase 2 (G2): The cell gets ready to divide. It makes more proteins and copies the rest of its organelles. | image | textbook_images/cell_division_21605.png |
L_0426 | cell division | DD_0186 | The diagram shows the process of Meiosis of cells. Five stages are involved in the process of Meiosis. Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half. Meiosis begins with a diploid cell, which contains two copies of each chromosome. In meiosis, DNA replication is followed by Pairing and Recombination. After this, the cell goes through two rounds of cell division, called Meiosis I and Meiosis II. These stages produce four potential daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. During Meiosis II, sister chromatids decouple and the resultant daughter chromosomes are segregated into four daughter cells. | image | teaching_images/cell_division_8022.png |
L_0426 | cell division | DD_0187 | The diagram is a representation of the cell cycle. The cell cycle consists of four discrete phases: G1, S, G2, and M. The S or synthesis phase is when DNA replication occurs, and the M or mitosis phase is when the cell actually divides. The other two phases äóî G1 and G2, the so-called gap phases äóî are less dramatic but equally important. During G1, the cell conducts a series of checks before entering the S phase. Later, during G2, the cell similarly checks its readiness to proceed to mitosis. Together, the G1, S, and G2 phases make up the period known as interphase. Cells typically spend far more time in interphase than they do in mitosis. Of the four phases, G1 is most variable in terms of duration, although it is often the longest portion of the cell cycle. Mitosis consists of four basic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. These phases occur in strict sequential order, and cytokinesis - the process of dividing the cell contents to make two new cells - starts in anaphase or telophase. | image | teaching_images/eukaryotic_cell_cycles_6873.png |
L_0426 | cell division | DD_0188 | The diagram shows two types of cell division process called mitosis (on the left) and meiosis (on the right). Both types of cell division result in the division of the original cell called the parent cell but the difference is that mitosis a cell splits to create two identical copies of the original cell. In meiosis, cells split to form new cells with half the usual number of chromosomes, to produce gametes for sexual reproduction. The two cell division process share a number of stages e.g. doubling of DNA, assemly in center of cell, separation of chromosomes and finally cell division. | image | teaching_images/cell_division_6617.png |
L_0426 | cell division | DD_0189 | The diagram shows the different phases of the cell cycle. There are two main phases: the mitotic phase and the interphase. During the interphase, the cell grows and prepares to divide into daughter cells. The interphase has three main sub-phases. The G1 phase, or the first growth phase, is the longest phase. During G1, the cell grows rapidly. In addition to carrying out its basic cell functions, it also copies some of its organelles and creates the proteins it will need to replicate its DNA. The second phase is called the S stage, or the synthesis phase. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA. This is called DNA replication. The third phase is the second growth phase, or the G2 stage. During G2, the cell prepares for mitosis by making more proteins and copying the rest of its organelles. During the mitotic phase, the cell nucleus divides into two. Each new nucleus then becomes its own cell, forming two daughter cells. This process is called mitosis. | image | teaching_images/eukaryotic_cell_cycles_9100.png |
L_0426 | cell division | DD_0190 | This diagram shows the process of cell division known an mitosis. Mitosis has 5 distinct phases. The interphase is the first phase followed by prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. In the final phase , the Telophase, the cell divides into two new cells. | image | teaching_images/cell_division_9038.png |
L_0426 | cell division | DD_0191 | The diagram below shows the Eukaryotic cell Cycle. The division cycle of most cells consists of four coordinated processes: cell growth, DNA replication, distribution of the duplicated chromosomes to daughter cells, and cell division. In bacteria, cell growth and DNA replication take place throughout most of the cell cycle, and duplicated chromosomes are distributed to daughter cells in association with the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes, however, the cell cycle is more complex and consists of four discrete phases. Although cell growth is usually a continuous process, DNA is synthesized during only one phase of the cell cycle, and the replicated chromosomes are then distributed to daughter nuclei by a complex series of events preceding cell division. Progression between these stages of the cell cycle is controlled by a conserved regulatory apparatus, which not only coordinates the different events of the cell cycle but also links the cell cycle with extracellular signals that control cell proliferation. | image | teaching_images/eukaryotic_cell_cycles_9101.png |
L_0427 | reproduction | T_2524 | FIGURE 5.8 These kittens have the same parents, but each kitten is unique. | image | textbook_images/reproduction_21606.png |
L_0427 | reproduction | T_2525 | FIGURE 5.9 Binary fission in a bacterium | image | textbook_images/reproduction_21607.png |
L_0427 | reproduction | T_2526 | FIGURE 5.10 A sea star can reproduce by asexually by fragmentation. It can also reproduce sexually. | image | textbook_images/reproduction_21608.png |
L_0427 | reproduction | T_2527 | FIGURE 5.11 Budding in yeast cells | image | textbook_images/reproduction_21609.png |
L_0427 | reproduction | T_2528 | FIGURE 5.12 Fertilization: human sperm and egg | image | textbook_images/reproduction_21610.png |
L_0427 | reproduction | T_2531 | FIGURE 5.13 Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell | image | textbook_images/reproduction_21611.png |
L_0427 | reproduction | T_2532 | FIGURE 5.14 Meiosis occurs in two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II | image | textbook_images/reproduction_21612.png |
L_0436 | introduction to prokaryotes | T_2635 | FIGURE 8.1 The tiny red rods in this micrograph are prokaryotes that cause the disease known as leprosy. | image | textbook_images/introduction_to_prokaryotes_21662.png |
L_0436 | introduction to prokaryotes | T_2635 | FIGURE 8.2 The three domains of life include two prokaryote domains: Bacteria and Ar- chaea. | image | textbook_images/introduction_to_prokaryotes_21663.png |
L_0436 | introduction to prokaryotes | T_2638 | FIGURE 8.3 Prokaryotic cell shapes | image | textbook_images/introduction_to_prokaryotes_21664.png |
L_0436 | introduction to prokaryotes | T_2639 | FIGURE 8.4 Prokaryote flagella | image | textbook_images/introduction_to_prokaryotes_21665.png |
L_0436 | introduction to prokaryotes | T_2642 | FIGURE 8.5 Model of a prokaryotic cell | image | textbook_images/introduction_to_prokaryotes_21666.png |
L_0436 | introduction to prokaryotes | T_2642 | FIGURE 8.6 DNA in a prokaryotic cell | image | textbook_images/introduction_to_prokaryotes_21667.png |
L_0436 | introduction to prokaryotes | T_2643 | FIGURE 8.7 Microscopic view of a bacterial biofilm | image | textbook_images/introduction_to_prokaryotes_21668.png |
L_0436 | introduction to prokaryotes | T_2646 | FIGURE 8.8 Green cyanobacteria on a lake make food by photosynthesis. | image | textbook_images/introduction_to_prokaryotes_21669.png |
L_0439 | protists | T_2667 | FIGURE 9.1 These examples of protists show how var- ied they are. | image | textbook_images/protists_21680.png |
L_0439 | protists | T_2668 | FIGURE 9.2 How cells with organelles may have evolved | image | textbook_images/protists_21681.png |
L_0439 | protists | T_2671 | FIGURE 9.3 Three types of appendages for movement in protozoa | image | textbook_images/protists_21682.png |
L_0439 | protists | T_2672 | FIGURE 9.4 Diatom (left) and kelp (right) | image | textbook_images/protists_21683.png |
L_0439 | protists | T_2673 | FIGURE 9.5 The slime mold (top) is called dog vomit mold. The water mold (bottom) is a plant parasite that has infiltrated a potato. | image | textbook_images/protists_21684.png |
L_0439 | protists | DD_0194 | the diagram below shows the parts of a Euglena cell. Euglena is a eukaryotic unicellular organism, it contains the major organelles found in more complex life. below are the organelles of a euglena. its flagellum is a long, mobile filament that the Euglena uses to propel itself in its environment. the reservoir is the part used for storage of nutrients. the stigma is the light sensitive-spot that allows the Euglena to detect light, so that it may move towards it in order to conduct photosynthesis. the chloroplast is the organelle that allows the organism to conduct photosynthesis. the contractile Vacuole which Expels excess water into the reservoir, or else the cell would burst. the pellicle is the stiff membrane made of proteins and somewhat flexible, can also be used for locomotion when crunching up and down or wriggling. it has the nucleus which is the central organelle which contains DNA and controls the cell's activity, contained within the Nucleolus | image | teaching_images/protozoa_9238.png |
L_0439 | protists | DD_0195 | This diagram shows the structure of a Paramecium. Paramecium is a small unicellular living organism that belongs to the kingdom of Protista. It can move, digest food, and reproduce. The pellicle, a stiff but elastic membrane, gives the Paramecium a definite shape but also allows some small changes. Covering the pellicle are many tiny hairs, called cilia. Paramecium uses its cilia to sweep prey organisms, along with some water, through the oral groove, and into the mouth opening. The food passes through the cell mouth into the gullet. Within the gullet, food particles are transformed into food vacuoles, and digestion takes place within each food vacuole; waste material is excreted through the anus. Depending on the species, a paramecium has from one to several contractile vacuoles located close to the surface near the ends of the cell. Contractile vacuoles function in regulating the water content within the cell and may also be considered excretory structures, since the expelled water contains metabolic wastes. A thin layer of ectoplasm lies directly beneath the pellicle and encloses the endoplasm. The endoplasm contains granules, food vacuoles, and crystals of different sizes. Embedded in the ectoplasm are spindle-shaped bodies (trichocysts) that may be released by chemical, electrical, or mechanical means. Paramecium has two kinds of nuclei: a large ellipsoidal nucleus called a macronucleus that controls vegetative functions and at least one small nucleus called a micronucleus. The organism cannot survive without the macronucleus and it cannot reproduce without the micronucleus. | image | teaching_images/protozoa_9222.png |
L_0439 | protists | DD_0196 | The diagram shows some parts an organism called an Amoeba. The term "amoeba" refers to simple organisms that move in a characteristic crawling fashion. Amoebas are single celled organism that has a nucleus and appears transparent and gelatin like due to its clear ectoplasm and cell membrane. It is also the part of the cell that allows it to form its pseudopodia and preform its respective functions. Amoeba can change shape and move around by extending their pseudopodia (shown as pseudopodium), or 'false feet. A food vacuole is basically a storage unit of food for the amoeba and is formed only when the amoeba has engulfed its prey completely and then digestive enzymes are released into the vacuole. The contractile vacuole is basically a water bubble within the endoplasm. Its function is to regulate the water content of the cell. It is also a means of excreting its waste from the cell. | image | teaching_images/protozoa_9226.png |
L_0440 | fungi | T_2675 | FIGURE 9.6 The fuzzy growth on this bread is a fun- gus. | image | textbook_images/fungi_21685.png |
L_0440 | fungi | T_2677 | FIGURE 9.7 Examples of fungi | image | textbook_images/fungi_21686.png |
L_0440 | fungi | T_2680 | FIGURE 9.8 White hyphae of a fungus | image | textbook_images/fungi_21687.png |
L_0440 | fungi | T_2680 | FIGURE 9.9 These mushrooms are a visible part of the humongous fungus in Oregon. Most of the fungus is underground in the soil. It spreads by sending out hyphae into the surrounding soil. | image | textbook_images/fungi_21688.png |
L_0440 | fungi | T_2681 | FIGURE 9.10 Sexual and asexual reproduction in fungi | image | textbook_images/fungi_21689.png |
L_0440 | fungi | T_2681 | FIGURE 9.11 Yeast cells budding | image | textbook_images/fungi_21690.png |
L_0440 | fungi | T_2685 | FIGURE 9.12 Lichen growing on a rock | image | textbook_images/fungi_21691.png |
L_0440 | fungi | T_2685 | FIGURE 9.13 Wasp infected by a parasitic white fungus | image | textbook_images/fungi_21692.png |
L_0440 | fungi | T_2687 | FIGURE 9.14 Blue cheese is blue because of the fungus growing throughout it. | image | textbook_images/fungi_21693.png |
L_0440 | fungi | T_2688 | FIGURE 9.15 Ringworm (left) and athletes foot (right) are fungal infections of the skin. | image | textbook_images/fungi_21694.png |
L_0440 | fungi | DD_0197 | The diagram shows the asexual and sexual reproduction cycle of Fungi. In both types of reproduction, they produce spores which are a special reproductive cell. A mass of hyphae makes up the body, or mycelium, of the fungus. During asexual reproduction, mycelium produce haploid spores by mitosis through spore-producing structures of a haploid parent cell. The haploid spores are genetically identical to the parent cell. After germination, spores develop to become mycelium. Sexual reproduction occurs when two haploid hyphae mate, and undergo plasmogamy (fusion of cytoplasm) to reach the heterokaryotic stage. Karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) then occurs to form a diploid cell called zygote. It then undergoes meiosis to form spores. The spores then undergo germination to become mycelium and the cycle continues. | image | teaching_images/fungi_reproduction_6900.png |
L_0440 | fungi | DD_0198 | This diagram shows the asexual and sexual process of a fungi. Fungi can reproduce either of the two depending on the growth condition of the fungi. If the growth condition is stable, the fungi undergoes asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, the mycelium produces haploid spores via mitosis. These spores then spread themselves by air, water or other organisms. Once the spores landed on a place with stable growth condition, they will develop into new hyphaes. On the other hand, if the growth condition keeps changing, the fungi will exhibit sexual reproduction. Two haploid mycelia will fuse via plasmogamy and karyogamy, thus creating a diploid spore. This spore then produces haploid daughter cells via meiosis, which can then be developed into new hyphaes. | image | teaching_images/fungi_reproduction_6910.png |
L_0441 | active transport | T_2689 | FIGURE 1.1 The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium ions to the outside of the cell and potassium ions to the inside of the cell, areas where these ions are already highly concentrated. ATP is required for the protein to change shape. ATP is converted into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) during active transport. | image | textbook_images/active_transport_21695.png |
L_0451 | archaea | T_2724 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/archaea_21710.png |
L_0453 | asexual vs. sexual reproduction | T_2732 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/asexual_vs._sexual_reproduction_21713.png |
L_0453 | asexual vs. sexual reproduction | T_2732 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/asexual_vs._sexual_reproduction_21714.png |
L_0453 | asexual vs. sexual reproduction | T_2732 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/asexual_vs._sexual_reproduction_21715.png |
L_0453 | asexual vs. sexual reproduction | T_2732 | FIGURE 1.4 Fungi can also reproduce sexually, but instead of female and male sexes, they have (+) and (-) strains. When the filaments of a (+) and (-) fungi meet, the zygote is formed. Just like in plants and animals, each zygote receives DNA from two parent strains. | image | textbook_images/asexual_vs._sexual_reproduction_21716.png |
L_0455 | b and t cell response | T_2737 | FIGURE 1.1 This diagram shows how an antibody binds with an antigen. The antibody was produced by a B cell. It binds with just one type of antigen. Antibodies produced by different B cells bind with other types of antigens. The antigen-binding sites can vary, such that they are specific for just one antigen. | image | textbook_images/b_and_t_cell_response_21719.png |
L_0455 | b and t cell response | T_2738 | FIGURE 1.2 In this diagram, a killer T cell recognizes a body cell infected with a virus. After the killer T cell makes contact with the in- fected cell, it releases poisons that cause the infected cell to burst. This kills both the infected cell and the viruses inside it. | image | textbook_images/b_and_t_cell_response_21720.png |
L_0456 | bacteria characteristics | T_2740 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/bacteria_characteristics_21721.png |
L_0456 | bacteria characteristics | T_2741 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/bacteria_characteristics_21722.png |
L_0456 | bacteria characteristics | T_2744 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/bacteria_characteristics_21723.png |
L_0459 | bacteria reproduction | T_2754 | FIGURE 1.1 Bacteria can exchange small segments of DNA through conjugation. Notice two bacterial cells are attached by a short ex- tension. DNA can be exchanged through this extension. | image | textbook_images/bacteria_reproduction_21726.png |
L_0465 | blood diseases | T_2769 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/blood_diseases_21739.png |
L_0475 | cell biology | T_2802 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/cell_biology_21754.png |
L_0475 | cell biology | T_2802 | FIGURE 1.2 An electron microscope allows scientists to see much more detail than a light microscope, as with this sample of pollen. | image | textbook_images/cell_biology_21755.png |
L_0475 | cell biology | T_2804 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/cell_biology_21756.png |
L_0475 | cell biology | T_2805 | FIGURE 1.4 | image | textbook_images/cell_biology_21757.png |
L_0475 | cell biology | DD_0199 | This diagram all comes down to one thing; that is cells are the building blocks of life. Cells are the functioning units of living things. All cells share certain common components. These parts are cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosome and DNA. The DNA is the specific instructions or makeup which explains that specific cell. There are many different types of cells. Some cells in this diagram include blood cells, skin surface cells, bone cells, neuron, smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cell, skeletal muscle cell and columnar epithelial and goblet cells. These cells all help makeup the human body. | image | teaching_images/types_cells_7640.png |
L_0475 | cell biology | DD_0200 | This diagram shows some of the specialized cells in the human body. The red blood cells carry oxygen to the other cells in the human body. The columnar epithelial cells form the inner lining of the human intestine. The smooth muscle cells are found in the lining of arteries, veins and blood vessels. They help is contraction and relaxation of the body part they are found in. The bone cells are found in the bone tissue and help in building up the human skeleton. The nerve cells are found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves. They process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. The ovum and sperm cell help in reproduction. The function of a sperm cell is to swim through fluid to an ovum cell. | image | teaching_images/types_cells_7639.png |
L_0476 | cell cycle | T_2806 | FIGURE 1.1 resulting in two cells. After cytokinesis, cell division is complete. The one parent cell (the dividing cell) forms two genetically identical daughter cells (the cells that divide from the parent cell). The term "genetically identical" means that each cell has an identical set of DNA, and this DNA is also identical to that of the parent cell. If the cell cycle is not carefully controlled, it can cause a disease called cancer in which the cells divide out of control. A tumor can result from this kind of growth. | image | textbook_images/cell_cycle_21758.png |
L_0477 | cell division | T_2807 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/cell_division_21759.png |
L_0478 | cell membrane | T_2809 | FIGURE 1.1 Plasma membranes are primarily made up of phospholipids (orange). The hy- drophilic ("water-loving") head and two hydrophobic ("water-hating") tails are shown. The phospholipids form a bilayer (two layers). The middle of the bilayer is an area without water. There can be water on either side of the bilayer. There are many proteins throughout the membrane. | image | textbook_images/cell_membrane_21760.png |
L_0479 | cell nucleus | T_2813 | FIGURE 1.1 In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is kept in the nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. Within the nucleus is the nucle- olus. | image | textbook_images/cell_nucleus_21761.png |
L_0480 | cell transport | T_2816 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/cell_transport_21762.png |
L_0484 | characteristics of life | T_2829 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/characteristics_of_life_21767.png |
L_0484 | characteristics of life | T_2830 | FIGURE 1.2 These cells show the characteristic nu- cleus. A few smaller cells are also visi- ble. This image has been magnified 1000 times its real size. | image | textbook_images/characteristics_of_life_21768.png |
L_0484 | characteristics of life | T_2830 | FIGURE 1.3 This Paramecium is a single-celled organ- ism. | image | textbook_images/characteristics_of_life_21769.png |
L_0484 | characteristics of life | T_2832 | FIGURE 1.4 Like all living things, cats reproduce to make a new generation of cats. | image | textbook_images/characteristics_of_life_21770.png |
L_0484 | characteristics of life | T_2833 | FIGURE 1.5 | image | textbook_images/characteristics_of_life_21771.png |
L_0490 | cloning | T_2854 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/cloning_21784.png |
L_0493 | components of blood | T_2860 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/components_of_blood_21787.png |
L_0493 | components of blood | T_2862 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/components_of_blood_21788.png |
L_0493 | components of blood | T_2863 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/components_of_blood_21789.png |
L_0500 | diffusion | T_2884 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/diffusion_21800.png |
L_0500 | diffusion | T_2886 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/diffusion_21801.png |
L_0504 | dna structure and replication | T_2900 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/dna_structure_and_replication_21811.png |
L_0506 | domains of life | T_2906 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/domains_of_life_21814.png |
L_0506 | domains of life | T_2907 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/domains_of_life_21815.png |
L_0519 | fertilization | T_2933 | FIGURE 1.1 This sperm is ready to penetrate the membrane of this egg. Notice the differ- ence in size of the sperm and egg. Why is the egg so much larger? The egg con- tributes all the cytoplasm and organelles to the zygote. The sperm only contributes one set of chromosomes. | image | textbook_images/fertilization_21831.png |
L_0530 | fungi structure | T_2962 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/fungi_structure_21853.png |
L_0530 | fungi structure | T_2962 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/fungi_structure_21854.png |
L_0531 | fungus like protists | T_2964 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/fungus_like_protists_21855.png |
L_0532 | gene therapy | T_2967 | FIGURE 1.1 During gene therapy, adenovirus is a pos- sible vector to carry the desired gene and insert it into the patients DNA. A deacti- vated virus makes a useful vector for this purpose. | image | textbook_images/gene_therapy_21856.png |
L_0549 | human egg cells | T_3024 | FIGURE 1.1 This diagram shows how an egg and its follicle develop in an ovary. After it develops, the egg leaves the ovary and enters the fallopian tube. (1) Undeveloped eggs, (2) Egg and follicle developing, (3) Egg and follicle developing, (4) Ovulation. After ovulation, what remains of the follicle is known as the corpus luteum, which degenerates (5, 6). | image | textbook_images/human_egg_cells_21889.png |
L_0553 | human sperm | T_3034 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/human_sperm_21894.png |
L_0570 | inflammatory response | T_3091 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/inflammatory_response_21921.png |
L_0589 | lymphatic system | T_3152 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/lymphatic_system_21962.png |
L_0589 | lymphatic system | T_3153 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/lymphatic_system_21963.png |
L_0589 | lymphatic system | T_3155 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/lymphatic_system_21964.png |
L_0596 | meiosis | T_3164 | FIGURE 1.1 | image | textbook_images/meiosis_21977.png |
L_0596 | meiosis | T_3165 | FIGURE 1.2 | image | textbook_images/meiosis_21978.png |
L_0602 | mitosis and cytokinesis | T_3181 | FIGURE 1.1 The DNA double helix wraps around pro- teins (2) and tightly coils a number of times to form a chromosome (5). This figure shows the complexity of the coiling process. The red dot shows the location of the centromere, which holds the sis- ter chromatids together and is where the spindle microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. Notice that a chromosome resembles an "X." | image | textbook_images/mitosis_and_cytokinesis_21989.png |
L_0602 | mitosis and cytokinesis | T_3182 | FIGURE 1.2 After telophase, each new nucleus contains the exact same number and type of chromosomes as the original cell. The cell is now ready for cytokinesis, which literally means "cell movement." During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides and the parent cell separates, producing two genetically identical cells, each with its own nucleus. A new cell membrane forms and in plant cells, a cell wall forms as well. Below is a representation of dividing plant cells ( Figure 1.3). | image | textbook_images/mitosis_and_cytokinesis_21990.png |
L_0602 | mitosis and cytokinesis | T_3182 | FIGURE 1.3 | image | textbook_images/mitosis_and_cytokinesis_21991.png |
Subsets and Splits