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L_0105
cenozoic plate tectonics
T_0974
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/cenozoic_plate_tectonics_20648.png
L_0108
chemical weathering
T_0983
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/chemical_weathering_20655.png
L_0108
chemical weathering
T_0984
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/chemical_weathering_20656.png
L_0108
chemical weathering
T_0985
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/chemical_weathering_20657.png
L_0108
chemical weathering
T_0986
FIGURE 1.4 When iron-rich minerals oxidize, they pro- duce the familiar red color found in rust.
image
textbook_images/chemical_weathering_20658.png
L_0108
chemical weathering
T_0988
FIGURE 1.5
image
textbook_images/chemical_weathering_20659.png
L_0112
clouds
T_1006
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/clouds_20664.png
L_0112
clouds
T_1010
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/clouds_20665.png
L_0112
clouds
T_1011
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/clouds_20666.png
L_0112
clouds
DD_0076
This diagram shows the common types of clouds in the troposphere. The three main types of clouds are cirrus, stratus and cumulus. The types of clouds varies according to how high it is above the ground from 5,000 feet up to 20,000 feet. Because of the cold temperature at high altitudes, clouds are made up of ice crystals. Cloud types can be easily identified by their appearance. Stratus and Cumulus clouds usually form at lower altitudes, clumpy and usually causes rain and precipitation. While Cirrus clouds form at higher altitudes where the temperature is fairly constant and is usually evenly scattered. Clouds play a big role in maintaining the balance of the earth's temperature and has a big impact on the weather. Shown also are Aerosols that stay in the lower atmosphere. Aerosols are produced naturally but recent concerns have been raised since these are largely man-made and Aerosols have significant impacts on cloud and weather system.
image
teaching_images/types_clouds_7649.png
L_0112
clouds
DD_0077
Below the stratus, there is steady precipitation whereas below the cumulus, there is showery precipitation. Right below 6,500 ft, there are low clouds and between 6,500 ft and 23,000 ft, there are the middle clouds. It is higher than 23,000 ft where there is the cirrus, cirrostratus, and cirrocumulus. There is also a halo around the sun.
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teaching_images/types_clouds_7645.png
L_0117
composition of the atmosphere
T_1028
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/composition_of_the_atmosphere_20677.png
L_0117
composition of the atmosphere
T_1031
FIGURE 1.2 Mean winter atmospheric water vapor in the Northern Hemisphere when temperature and humidity are lower than they would be in summer.
image
textbook_images/composition_of_the_atmosphere_20678.png
L_0122
dark matter
T_1041
FIGURE 1.1 The arc around the galaxies at the center of this image is caused by gravitational lensing. The addition of gravitational pull from dark matter is required to explain this phenomenon.
image
textbook_images/dark_matter_20685.png
L_0122
dark matter
T_1042
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/dark_matter_20686.png
L_0129
divergent plate boundaries
T_1058
FIGURE 1.1 This map shows the three major plate boundaries in or near California.
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textbook_images/divergent_plate_boundaries_20693.png
L_0130
divergent plate boundaries in the oceans
T_1060
FIGURE 1.1 Iceland is the one location where the ridge is located on land: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge separates the North American and Eurasian plates
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textbook_images/divergent_plate_boundaries_in_the_oceans_20695.png
L_0134
earthquake characteristics
T_1081
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/earthquake_characteristics_20701.png
L_0134
earthquake characteristics
T_1082
FIGURE 1.2 In about 75% of earthquakes, the focus is in the top 10 to 15 kilometers (6 to 9 miles) of the crust. Shallow earthquakes cause the most damage because the focus is near where people live. However, it is the epicenter of an earthquake that is reported by scientists and the media.
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textbook_images/earthquake_characteristics_20702.png
L_0135
earthquake damage
T_1084
FIGURE 1.1 A landslide in a neighborhood in Anchor- age, Alaska, after the 1964 Great Alaska earthquake.
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textbook_images/earthquake_damage_20703.png
L_0135
earthquake damage
T_1084
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/earthquake_damage_20704.png
L_0135
earthquake damage
T_1085
FIGURE 1.3
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textbook_images/earthquake_damage_20705.png
L_0136
earthquake safe structures
T_1086
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/earthquake_safe_structures_20706.png
L_0136
earthquake safe structures
T_1087
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/earthquake_safe_structures_20707.png
L_0136
earthquake safe structures
T_1089
FIGURE 1.3
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textbook_images/earthquake_safe_structures_20708.png
L_0137
earthquake zones
T_1090
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/earthquake_zones_20709.png
L_0137
earthquake zones
T_1091
FIGURE 1.2 Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/186182
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textbook_images/earthquake_zones_20710.png
L_0138
earthquakes at convergent plate boundaries
T_1093
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/earthquakes_at_convergent_plate_boundaries_20711.png
L_0138
earthquakes at convergent plate boundaries
T_1093
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/earthquakes_at_convergent_plate_boundaries_20712.png
L_0138
earthquakes at convergent plate boundaries
T_1095
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/earthquakes_at_convergent_plate_boundaries_20713.png
L_0139
earthquakes at transform plate boundaries
T_1097
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/earthquakes_at_transform_plate_boundaries_20714.png
L_0141
earths crust
T_1101
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/earths_crust_20716.png
L_0141
earths crust
T_1102
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/earths_crust_20717.png
L_0143
earths layers
T_1113
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/earths_layers_20719.png
L_0145
earths mantle
T_1118
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/earths_mantle_20721.png
L_0145
earths mantle
T_1118
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/earths_mantle_20722.png
L_0147
earths tectonic plates
T_1120
FIGURE 1.1 Earthquakes outline the plates.
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textbook_images/earths_tectonic_plates_20724.png
L_0147
earths tectonic plates
T_1121
FIGURE 1.2 Mantle convection drives plate tectonics. Hot material rises at mid-ocean ridges and sinks at deep sea trenches, which keeps the plates moving along the Earths surface.
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textbook_images/earths_tectonic_plates_20725.png
L_0153
effusive eruptions
T_1136
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/effusive_eruptions_20737.png
L_0153
effusive eruptions
T_1137
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/effusive_eruptions_20738.png
L_0153
effusive eruptions
T_1138
FIGURE 1.3 A road is overrun by an eruption at Ki- lauea volcano in Hawaii.
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textbook_images/effusive_eruptions_20739.png
L_0159
evolution of simple cells
T_1149
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/evolution_of_simple_cells_20749.png
L_0159
evolution of simple cells
T_1151
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/evolution_of_simple_cells_20750.png
L_0159
evolution of simple cells
T_1151
FIGURE 1.3
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textbook_images/evolution_of_simple_cells_20751.png
L_0159
evolution of simple cells
T_1153
FIGURE 1.4
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textbook_images/evolution_of_simple_cells_20752.png
L_0159
evolution of simple cells
T_1153
FIGURE 1.5
image
textbook_images/evolution_of_simple_cells_20753.png
L_0163
explosive eruptions
T_1163
FIGURE 1.1 Ash and gases create a mushroom cloud above Mt. Redoubt in Alaska, 1989. The cloud reached 45,000 feet and caught a Boeing 747 in its plume.
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textbook_images/explosive_eruptions_20758.png
L_0163
explosive eruptions
T_1164
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/explosive_eruptions_20759.png
L_0163
explosive eruptions
T_1164
FIGURE 1.3
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textbook_images/explosive_eruptions_20760.png
L_0163
explosive eruptions
T_1165
FIGURE 1.4
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textbook_images/explosive_eruptions_20761.png
L_0163
explosive eruptions
T_1166
FIGURE 1.5
image
textbook_images/explosive_eruptions_20762.png
L_0166
finding and mining ores
T_1175
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/finding_and_mining_ores_20769.png
L_0166
finding and mining ores
T_1176
FIGURE 1.2 gold traveled down rivers and then settled in gravel deposits. Currently, California has active mines for gold and silver and for non-metal minerals such as sand and gravel, which are used for construction.
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textbook_images/finding_and_mining_ores_20770.png
L_0166
finding and mining ores
T_1177
FIGURE 1.3 Underground mine.
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textbook_images/finding_and_mining_ores_20771.png
L_0209
intraplate activity
T_1334
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/intraplate_activity_20866.png
L_0209
intraplate activity
T_1334
FIGURE 1.2 The Hawaiian-Emperor chain can be traced from Hawaii in the central Pacific north of the Equator into the Aleutian trench, where the oldest of the volcanoes is being subducted. It looks like a skewed "L".
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textbook_images/intraplate_activity_20867.png
L_0209
intraplate activity
T_1335
FIGURE 1.3
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textbook_images/intraplate_activity_20868.png
L_0214
landforms from erosion and deposition by gravity
T_1351
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/landforms_from_erosion_and_deposition_by_gravity_20881.png
L_0214
landforms from erosion and deposition by gravity
T_1353
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/landforms_from_erosion_and_deposition_by_gravity_20882.png
L_0214
landforms from erosion and deposition by gravity
T_1353
FIGURE 1.3
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textbook_images/landforms_from_erosion_and_deposition_by_gravity_20883.png
L_0214
landforms from erosion and deposition by gravity
T_1353
FIGURE 1.4 Creep is the extremely gradual movement of soil downhill. Curves in tree trunks indicate creep because the base of the tree is moving downslope while the top is trying to grow straight up (Figure 1.5). Tilted telephone or power company poles are also signs of creep.
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textbook_images/landforms_from_erosion_and_deposition_by_gravity_20884.png
L_0214
landforms from erosion and deposition by gravity
T_1353
FIGURE 1.5
image
textbook_images/landforms_from_erosion_and_deposition_by_gravity_20885.png
L_0214
landforms from erosion and deposition by gravity
T_1357
FIGURE 1.6 A rock wall stabilizes a slope that has been cut away to make a road.
image
textbook_images/landforms_from_erosion_and_deposition_by_gravity_20886.png
L_0220
locating earthquake epicenters
T_1380
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/locating_earthquake_epicenters_20906.png
L_0234
mesozoic plate tectonics
T_1426
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/mesozoic_plate_tectonics_20937.png
L_0234
mesozoic plate tectonics
T_1426
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/mesozoic_plate_tectonics_20938.png
L_0241
mineral formation
T_1442
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/mineral_formation_20946.png
L_0241
mineral formation
T_1444
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/mineral_formation_20947.png
L_0241
mineral formation
T_1444
FIGURE 1.3
image
textbook_images/mineral_formation_20948.png
L_0241
mineral formation
T_1445
FIGURE 1.4
image
textbook_images/mineral_formation_20949.png
L_0241
mineral formation
T_1445
FIGURE 1.5
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textbook_images/mineral_formation_20950.png
L_0241
mineral formation
T_1446
FIGURE 1.6
image
textbook_images/mineral_formation_20951.png
L_0242
mineral groups
T_1448
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/mineral_groups_20952.png
L_0242
mineral groups
T_1448
FIGURE 1.2
image
textbook_images/mineral_groups_20953.png
L_0242
mineral groups
T_1449
FIGURE 1.3 A gold nugget.
image
textbook_images/mineral_groups_20954.png
L_0242
mineral groups
T_1450
FIGURE 1.4
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textbook_images/mineral_groups_20955.png
L_0242
mineral groups
T_1451
FIGURE 1.5
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textbook_images/mineral_groups_20956.png
L_0242
mineral groups
T_1451
FIGURE 1.6
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textbook_images/mineral_groups_20957.png
L_0242
mineral groups
T_1452
FIGURE 1.7
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textbook_images/mineral_groups_20958.png
L_0242
mineral groups
T_1453
FIGURE 1.8 Apatite.
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textbook_images/mineral_groups_20959.png
L_0242
mineral groups
T_1454
FIGURE 1.9
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textbook_images/mineral_groups_20960.png
L_0242
mineral groups
T_1455
FIGURE 1.10 This mineral has shiny, gold, cubic crys- tals with striations, so it is pyrite.
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textbook_images/mineral_groups_20961.png
L_0243
mineral identification
T_1458
FIGURE 1.1 Purple quartz, known as amethyst, and clear quartz are the same mineral despite the different colors.
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textbook_images/mineral_identification_20962.png
L_0243
mineral identification
T_1460
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/mineral_identification_20963.png
L_0243
mineral identification
T_1463
FIGURE 1.3 Halite has cubic cleavage.
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textbook_images/mineral_identification_20964.png
L_0243
mineral identification
T_1463
FIGURE 1.4
image
textbook_images/mineral_identification_20965.png
L_0243
mineral identification
T_1463
FIGURE 1.5 Fluorite has octahedral cleavage.
image
textbook_images/mineral_identification_20966.png
L_0243
mineral identification
T_1464
FIGURE 1.6
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textbook_images/mineral_identification_20967.png
L_0244
minerals
T_1466
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/minerals_20968.png
L_0244
minerals
T_1469
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/minerals_20969.png
L_0247
mountain building
T_1477
FIGURE 1.1
image
textbook_images/mountain_building_20977.png
L_0247
mountain building
T_1478
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/mountain_building_20978.png
L_0247
mountain building
T_1479
FIGURE 1.3
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textbook_images/mountain_building_20979.png
L_0267
plate tectonics through earth history
T_1551
FIGURE 1.1 The Appalachian Mountains in New Hampshire.
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textbook_images/plate_tectonics_through_earth_history_21027.png
L_0267
plate tectonics through earth history
T_1551
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/plate_tectonics_through_earth_history_21028.png
L_0272
precipitation
T_1565
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/precipitation_21038.png
L_0272
precipitation
T_1565
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/precipitation_21039.png
L_0272
precipitation
T_1565
FIGURE 1.3
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textbook_images/precipitation_21040.png
L_0273
predicting earthquakes
T_1567
FIGURE 1.1
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textbook_images/predicting_earthquakes_21041.png
L_0273
predicting earthquakes
T_1568
FIGURE 1.2
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textbook_images/predicting_earthquakes_21042.png