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Dataset card Data Studio Files Files and versions Community

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[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The free event, which attracts up to 100,000 visitors, was due to be staged on the seafront on 7-8 August. Event organisers Visit Blackpool said there was too much uncertainty relating to the staging of mass events. Councillor Gillian Campbell said: \"We know that many other event organisers have faced a similar dilemma.\" She said there was \"no ready-made solution for managing large-scale outdoor events and it makes it impossible to plan ahead\". \"Rest assured the Blackpool Air Show will be back and we have already made provisional arrangements for the 2022 event to be staged over the weekend of 6-7 August,\" she said. A Visit Blackpool spokesman added: \"There is no clear picture on how free-to-access outdoor events can benefit from proposed mitigation measures such as testing or any form of certification to reduce the risk of infection.\" Visit Blackpool said other events in its programme would continue to be reviewed over the coming weeks in line with government guidance. Why not follow BBC North West on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram? You can also send story ideas to [email protected] Related Internet Links Visit Blackpool" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Now in its 29th year, the three-day event is thought to be the biggest free annual airshow in Europe, and attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors. The Battle of Britain Memorial Flight has been cancelled, but organisers hope the Red Arrow display will go ahead. Despite the weather, thousands have gathered at the Seaburn and Roker seafronts. A member of the RAF Typhoon team tweeted: \"Easily the most rewarding display we've done this year! @SunAirshow - thanks for staying around in the wind and rain to watch!\" Weather permitting, there will be further events on Sunday. Related Internet Links Sunderland International Airshow Sunderland City Council" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Steven McKenzieBBC Scotland Highlands and Islands reporter Friends, Romans and infantrymen are gathered within the stout walls of Fort George, an 18th Century artillery fort near Inverness. It is early August and Historic Scotland is hosting one of its biggest weekends of the year, Celebration of the Centuries. Thousands of people arrive to see re-enactors and living history groups portray life from the time of the Iron Age through to World War II. Children get their faces painted by Pictish women while people queuing at an ice cream van watch soldiers of the Napoleonic Wars drill in the fort's parade ground. A Roman legionnaire, on a break from his duties with The Antonine Guard re-enactment society, takes to an outdoor dance floor with his wife while a 1940s dance band plays the soundtrack to the war-time years. Meanwhile, in the event's main arena, a group dressed as World War I soldiers open canisters of coloured smoke to help them explain the horrors of a poisonous gas attack. Other re-enactors include John Lyons, of The Historic Saltire Society and who is portraying King Robert the Bruce. There are also ladies dressed as elegant 16th Century aristocrats and even pirates. Later, tourists and re-enactors stand shoulder to shoulder at the fort's battlements to watch an aerial display by a Spitfire, the poster plane of World War II's Battle of Britain. \"I think that in today's age, groups like ourselves play a huge part in widening understanding of Scotland's varied and diverse history,\" says Kevin Grant, of The Antonine Guard. \"The internet has made information readily available at the click of a mouse, however, groups like ours and those of the differing time periods bring an immediate strong visual presentation and a lasting one. \"We feel we play a strong part in making history accessible and fun.\" He adds: \"On a personal level it also allows us to actually feel in a small way what it would have been like, in terms of wearing and drilling in the armour and just how strong and physically fit these men were. \"At some point in their life who doesn't want to be a Roman, or a Viking, or a knight?\" Kevin finds that, in general, people are surprised by how much the Romans and their empire are wrapped up in Scotland's past. The Romans posted auxiliary soldiers from France, Belgium, Spain and Germany on the Antonine Wall, which runs from Old Kilpatrick on the north side of the River Clyde to Bo'ness on the Firth of Forth. A unit of Syrian archers was based near Croy in North Lanarkshire. \"Some of the best military remains for camps and fortification are in Scotland and many important archaeological finds have been discovered here,\" says Kevin. 'Risk assessment' Husband and wife team Alan and Maureen Neilson got involved in living history 18 years ago. They are interested in 13th and 14th centuries, but also later periods such as the 18th Century. At Fort George, Maureen is made up to look like a medieval plague victim while Alan dons the sinister, bird-like mask of a plague doctor. Alan says living history and re-enactment has evolved over the years. \"The early days we indeed had good fun but basically all the groups were much the same, a bunch of blokes out for a bit of a sword fight, a good old drink and all the better if you could find an employer who would pay,\" he says. Today, groups such as The Historic Saltire Society, which the Neilsons with others helped to set up, write detailed business plans, bid for Lottery grants and have to have official paperwork that allows them to attend events such as Celebration of the Centuries. \"All the groups now are covered with insurances, have Disclosure Scotland certificates and have to produce a risk assessment sheet before the event,\" says Alan. \"Whoever the employer - Historic Scotland, National Trust, clan gatherings, private companies, charities, schools or museums - all insist on this type of professionalism.\" Fort George is not the only place to find a gathering of re-enactors. They pop up regularly at places such as Urquhart Castle on the shores of Loch Ness and Culloden Battlefield. 'Adrenaline sports' Inverness-based Ian Deveney, meanwhile, is among history buffs to have turned his interest into an almost full-time job. With his business, Battlescar, he tours Scotland re-enacting various periods such the Vikings, the Scottish Wars of Independence and Jacobites. \"I've been doing re-enactments for 23 years,\" says Ian. \"I was into adrenaline sports like white-water rafting and kayaking and then myself and one of my mates were asked if we would like to do some re-enacting. We dressed as Jacobites, got this great buzz from doing the re-enacting and the rest is history as they say.\" Ian has also sought to better understand past times by re-enacting events while wearing authentic period clothing right down to the footwear, while carrying replica weapons and eating the foods that were available in those times. \"You grow up with these ideas of what happened in the past,\" he says. \"Being part of re-enactments has changed how I used to view history.\" In 2009, Ian and a group of friends retraced the retreat of Bonnie Prince Charlie's army from their defeat at Culloden, near Inverness, to Ruthven Barracks, south of Aviemore. Then, only a few days later, he joined archaeologist Dr Tony Pollard for a re-enactment of the Jacobites' Night March of 15 April 1746. Dr Pollard, of the University of Glasgow, says: \"Re-enactors are a strange breed, pretty eccentric but all with a passion for history, which I guess makes them my kind of people.\" \"They do everything, from recreating medieval rope to fighting huge battles. \"I saw my first re-enactment when I was about nine years old. Had to walk miles to see the Sealed Knot doing their stuff, loved it so much I went back for a second day.\" A member of Diehards, a group specialising in the Zulu War of 1879, helped Tony to explain the use of large and small buttons on the tunics of British soldiers at the battle of Isandlwana. In September this year, Tony sought the help of 20 re-enactors to help explain events of 1513's Battle of Flodden. Elements of the clash between armies of Scots and English was recreated close to the battlefield, but not on it. \"I'm not keen on re-enactments taking place on actual battlefields,\" says the archaeologist. \"Battlefields are hallowed ground where people fought and died. We should not be 'playing' at war on this hallowed ground.'' If given the opportunity, would re-enactors travel back in time to experience the periods they dedicate so much of their time and energy to portraying? Alan Neilson does not think so. \"Would I like to live in the past, not on your life,\" he says. \"We are far too soft, our bodies would not be able to cope with the cold winters, no central heating, the growing of food, health and the lack of hygiene, the feudal system - you and I would be near the bottom - wars, crime and on and on. \"Perhaps I would like to drop in on certain events or times but for a short period only, the crowning of Robert the Bruce for example. \"But personally I would not be interested in watching some of the great battles of the past, I think the reality of medieval warfare would be unpalatable.\"" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Sue PazBBC News Bournemouth's IMAX cinema and Water Eaton's silo, both branded \"eyesores\", were demolished this year. While Preston Bus Station, once described as a \"concrete monstrosity\", is now set for a £15m makeover after it was given Grade II-listed status. Plans were also announced for Grade II*-listed Battersea Power Station to be restored by 2016. Dr Andrew Crompton, head of architecture at University of Liverpool, described structures as \"objects of fashion\". \"The time when you most want to pull a building down is the time when you have to think very carefully,\" he said. \"It's like throwing away your toys and then growing up and wishing you had them again.\" Bournemouth's IMAX was voted one of the UK's most hated buildings in 2005 on Channel 4's Demolition, along with Rugby's cement works and the Trinity Centre car park in Gateshead. Dr Compton described the glass-fronted cinema as \"truly ghastly\". However, not everyone agrees and Bournemouth resident Brian Jenner, who started a campaign to save it on Facebook in 2010, described its demolition as a \"day of shame for Bournemouth\". Cambridge architectural historian James Campbell said structures have to \"adapt and keep up to date\". Westlegate House in Norwich is one building which is set for a new lease of life next year. The 1959 \"eyesore\" tower block is currently being transformed into \"luxury apartments\" as part of an £8m revamp due to be completed in the spring. However, Mr Campbell said: \"If we are forced to make an argument as to why we should keep a building, one really has to question whether it was great architecture in the first place. \"Sometimes we have to accept that some of it has to go.\" Water Eaton's grain silo demolition makes way for a new Oxford Parkway railway station. As it was being levelled some people took to Twitter, including @mswainwright who said: \"Water Eaton grain silo is coming down at last. Inexpressible joy. But let's keep the Enslow cement chimney.\" 'Dated and dark' Mr Campbell said some of the Victorian structures we now consider \"beautiful\" were not seen in such a favourable light at the time they were built, including railway stations. Dr Compton agreed: \"St Pancras Station was considered ugly by the Victorians but it was saved and is now one of the most glamorous buildings in England, becoming the scene in recent years of the Harry Potter books and films.\" One railway structure which did not fare well was the Euston Arch which was built in 1837. The London station's original entrance was demolished in the 1960s in favour of \"something which looks more like an airport\", according to Dr Compton. However, much of the original stone has now been located and The Euston Arch Trust hopes it can be reconstructed as part of a planned HS2 station revamp. The current tourist towns are the ones which were \"untouched\" during the industrial revolution, such as Bath and Cheltenham, according to Dr Compton. He said 1960s structures \"are the ones we have to fight to save now\", citing Preston Bus Station, completed in 1969, as the \"most important\". \"It's iconic like the Taj Mahal and Eiffel Tower,\" he said. However, Preston resident Jennifer Gwillam, 34, said it was a \"dated, dark, awful place - definitely an eyesore\". Recently, it was the subject of a short film, co-produced by Paul Adams who said it was \"a perfect example of a building which went from being hated to being loved again\". \"Very often the buildings which are designed well and have a lot of care put into them go out of fashion,\" Mr Campbell said. He cites the old Birmingham Central Library, designed by architect John Madin and completed in 1974, as a prime example. \"These types of Brutalist buildings were designed to show what concrete could do and architects wanted them to look like concrete,\" he said. The Prince of Wales once described the library as looking like \"a place where books are incinerated, not kept\". It was refused listed status in 2009 and after closing in June it is now set to be demolished next year. English Heritage recommends which buildings should be listed and final approval is granted by the Secretary of State. Emily Gee, head of designation, described the process as \"very vigorous\". A building needs to be at least 30 years old before it is considered but she said \"the closer it gets to our time, the higher the bar\". She added although listed status does not give a building immunity from demolition it does ensure that the \"special historic and architectural interest of the building\" is taken into account in any future planning decisions. Dr Compton said places such as Darwen and Accrington in Lancashire, which are preserving their 1960s architecture, will be \"the tourist towns of the future\". \"All the places that are tearing them down, like Birmingham, will be forever ruined,\" he added. \"It is not for us to destroy things which we should be handing over to our children.\"" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The Ocean Plaza scheme has been on hold for five years due to the economy. Rhyl West councillor Joan Butterfield said it was an \"eyesore\" and should be grassed over. Owner Scarborough Development Group (SDG) said it was talking to Denbighshire council, which stressed the land was privately owned. Rhyl's funfair was demolished in 2007 to make way for the Ocean Plaza complex, which was to consist of luxury apartments, a hotel and a supermarket. The plot was bought by SDG in 2010 after the original developers went into administration. Last year, SDG said the development was on hold because of the difficult economic climate, but said it had not been shelved. At the time, the company indicated the apartments might be removed from the plan because of poor re-sale possibilities, but said it was confident the supermarket deal would be sorted out. Joan Butterfield, who sits on the town and county councils, said the site was currently a \"terrible mess with no prospect of being developed in the near or perhaps distant future as far as I can see\". She added: \"We have been promised some development of the site for five years or more. \"I do appreciate the financial situation is difficult, but this doesn't happen in other seaside towns. It's gone on for too long. \"There's no intention now of developing the site that we know of. \"I think Rhyl has had the bomb site for long enough and I think it's time Scarborough took some ownership and gave the townspeople of Rhyl some thought and consideration.\" Ms Butterfield said holidaymakers had remained \"very loyal\" to Rhyl, but she fears they \"might just move on\" unless promised improvements materialise. She said she planned to ask Denbighshire council's leader and chief executive to give Rhyl Town Council an update on the development. 'Season approaching' Fellow Rhyl West councillor, Ian Armstrong, said: \"You come into Rhyl and you see a bomb site. \"It's spring now, and in three or four weeks it will be Easter. The season is approaching. \"I'd like to see a children's playground, or a grassed area. Some seats could be put there. \"At the moment, it's not bringing people in to the West End of Rhyl.\" A Denbighshire council spokesperson said the site was privately owned, but added that SDG had agreed to look at landscaping options. SDG said it was \"continuing to make progress and is in constant discussion with the council\". Part of the site is being used as a storage facility for flood defence work under way at Rhyl." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The newly rebuilt theatre beat five other buildings - including the Shard and the London Aquatics Centre - to win the title. For another chance to look inside the theatre, watch our interactive video. Your browser does not support this interactive video. Find out more about all the buildings on the 2014 shortlist at the BBC Riba Stirling home page: www.bbc.co.uk/stirlingprize For the non-interactive version of this coverage, read on. The Ev, as it is known locally, has a committed following. Its redesign and rebuilding had to maintain the values of the original - its \"grubbiness\" and history. Consultation pinpointed the elements that had to be kept - from the cherished neon sign outside to the shape of the thrust stage that reached out into the audience. The subterranean bistro also had cult status as a hangout for actors and thespians. It remains downstairs, largely unchanged in style. The original Everyman was housed on a 19th Century chapel, but it needed to make room for an expanding events programme. It was taken down brick by brick so that each one could be reused in the new building, both externally and exposed on the inside in the auditorium, bars and corridors. On the front of the building are 105 punched aluminium panels featuring life-size images of Liverpool residents. Thousands queued to have their pictures taken, 105 were selected and have had digital versions of their pictures etched onto the metal sun shades. Haworth Tompkins, the architects behind a number of theatres, including London's Royal Court Theatre and the temporary Almeida theatre at Kings Cross, spent nine years working with Everyman to create the £13,300,000 building. It includes a 400-seat theatre, which mirrors the shape of the original, as well as smaller performance spaces, a rehearsal room, a public foyer, and a writers' room. Architect Steve Tompkins, of Haworth Tompkins, says: \"People expressed the view that if we messed this up we needn't bother coming back to the city because it really is an institution that is owned and loved by the people of Liverpool.\" BBC Riba Stirling Prize 2014 Still images by Philip Vile. Historical images and Twelfth Night footage courtesy of Liverpool Everyman Theatre. Filmed by John Galliver. Production: John Galliver, Susannah Stevens, Sarah Austin, John Lawrence. Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Kirsty Jones, 23, from Tredomen, near Brecon in Powys, was raped and strangled at a guesthouse in Thailand in August 2000. Dyfed-Powys Police officers have been to the scene in Chiang Mai to help with the investigation. But they only have a week before the 20-year Thai statute of limitations runs out on 10 August. The Liverpool University graduate was three months into a two-year around the world trip when she was killed. Under Thai law, officers only have 20 years to charge someone with an offence, which if convicted may be punishable by death, life imprisonment or a 20-year jail term. Dyfed-Powys Police said its officers had met with investigators in Chiang Mai \"to obtain information on their investigation, and assist with the forensic examination of exhibits\". \"Dyfed-Powys Police is aware of the expiry of the Thai 20-year statute of limitations and the investigation continues with this firmly in mind,\" a spokesman said. Farmer's daughter Ms Jones was found dead in a room at the Aree guest house in Chiang Mai in northern Thailand, 435 miles (700km) north of Bangkok. Despite a number of arrests and a £10,000 reward for information, no-one has ever been charged with her murder. In a previous interview, her mother Sue Jones said the family knew it was \"unlikely much will change\" or that \"anyone would come forwards\". \"I just hope we did everything that we could for Kirsty, and that after 20 years she will be able to rest in peace,\" she said." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Kirsty Jones, 23, from Tredomen, near Brecon, was raped and strangled at a guesthouse in Chiang Mai in 2000. Her mother, Sue Jones, will make the journey with detectives from Dyfed Powys Police, who are keen to discuss progress made in the investigation. Ms Jones was three months into a two-year around-the-world trip when she died. Officers last visited Thailand in February this year, following a series of meetings with the director of trans-national crime at the department of special investigations, police colonel Songsak Raksaksakul. The Thai authorities told them they were continuing to investigate the circumstances of Ms Jones's death, with the focus on the inquiry in Chiang Mai. Det Supt Andy John, of Dyfed Powys Police, said that since the last visit, regular contact had been maintained with the police team working on the case. He added that officers in Wales had been encouraged by the work carried out in Thailand in the past six months. \"With the 12-year anniversary of Kirsty's death approaching, it is timely that we make an appeal for information that could help progress the case further,\" he said. \"We have a DNA profile that was recovered from the scene, which is central to their current line of inquiry, this means the authorities will be able to easily eliminate people from the investigation.\" Mrs Jones will make her appeal at a department of special investigations press conference in Chiang Mai on 9 August. Dyfed Powys Chief Constable Jackie Roberts said it was important to bring the offender to justice. \"Whilst twelve years seems like a long time ago, the loss felt by the family of their daughter remains,\" she said. \"We know that forensic evidence is available that could lead to a successful conclusion and we will continue to do what we can to assist the Thai Authorities in bringing the offender to justice. \"We remain steadfast in our commitment to secure a positive outcome for Kirsty and her family,\" she added." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Queen Elizabeth Gardens in Salisbury was sealed off in July. In March, Sergei Skripal, 66, and his daughter Yulia, 33, were found collapsed on a bench in the Maltings shopping centre, near the gardens. In June, Dawn Sturgess and Charlie Rowley fell ill after they visited the gardens. Ms Sturgess later died. Police said the site was now safe and could be returned to public use. Nearby streams and rivers were also searched as part of the investigation. Deputy Chief Constable Paul Mills said: \"Today marks a milestone in terms of our ongoing response to the incident. \"Queen Elizabeth Gardens has been searched by specially-trained officers and the results reviewed. \"Decontamination activity was conducted, is now complete and the site is safe and can be returned to public use.\" The Skripals were found unconscious suffering from the effects of the nerve agent on 4 March. Ms Skripal and her father were discharged from Salisbury District Hospital in April and May respectively, following treatment. Ms Sturgess died after she and Mr Rowley collapsed having been exposed to the nerve agent on 30 June. Meanwhile, the government has pledged another £2.5m in funding for Wiltshire Police to cover the costs of the two cases." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Milton NkosiBBC News, Johannesburg Nkosazana Clarice Dlamini-Zuma, 68 - a senior member of the governing African National Congress (ANC) - has been criss-crossing the country in recent months seeking a mandate to be its first woman president. Since returning from a five-year stint in Addis Ababa running the African Union, Ms Dlamini-Zuma has addressed crowds at events from funerals to political rallies. The eldest of eight children, she was born in the rolling hills of KwaZulu-Natal province in 1949 and joined the underground anti-apartheid student movement in the early 1970s while at medical school there. This raised the ire of the apartheid regime. She was forced to flee into exile and eventually completed her studies at Bristol University in the UK in 1978. 'In the claws of the ex-husband' The newly qualified Ms Dlamini-Zuma worked at Mbabane Government Hospital in Swaziland. This is where she met and was charmed by Mr Zuma, then also an exiled member of the ANC. Mr Zuma is a polygamist, and she was one of his three wives until she divorced him in 1998. Ms Dlamini-Zuma, who had four children with her ex-husband, never remarried. Nevertheless, President Zuma, who steps down as party leader in December, has endorsed her to succeed him as ANC president, and preferably of the country after elections due in 2019. Pressure has been increasing on him to step down earlier amid accusations of corruption, which he denies. Asked whether she should rise to the very top of the political landscape, he said: \"She has grown in the struggle. She has run a number of positions. She has been a minister in a number of departments, there's no question at all. \"If the ANC says we think we can give this responsibility and she agrees, then that's not a concern at all.\" Who is Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma? She reported the local Sunday Times newspaper to the independent press council after it quoted unnamed sources in January as saying that she was spending \"a lot of time\" at the president's rural homestead. The council ordered the newspaper to apologise for presenting the allegation \"as fact in its headline\". Her lawyers had dismissed the report as \"untruthful, inaccurate and unfair\", and accused the newspaper of publishing a \"bizarre story that an African woman, despite divorcing her husband to whom she had been married in terms of the Civil Law, remains in the claws of the ex-husband in the name of polygamy\". A former leader of the women's wing of the ANC, she had the confidence of South Africa's first black president, Nelson Mandela, who appointed her as health minister after the end of white minority rule in 1994. She was widely credited with introducing legislation which made it illegal for people to smoke in public areas such as restaurants and airports. Her tenure as health minister was followed by a 10-year stint as foreign minister, during the rule of Mr Mandela's successor - and Mr Zuma's rival - Thabo Mbeki. Mr Mbeki had offered her the post of deputy president after he sacked Mr Zuma in 2005, following allegations of corruption against him. 'Walking with the wolves' The rise of NDZ - as she is sometimes referred to nowadays - has not come without controversy. While health minister she became embroiled in the first big corruption scandal to hit the ANC government. Her department awarded a 14 million rand ($1,2m; £700,00) tender to renowned playwright Mbongeni Ngema to come up with a sequel to Sarafina, a musical to educate people about the dangers of HIV/Aids. Following a public outcry over the huge cost of the musical, an anti-corruption body - the public protector's office - carried out an investigation. It led to the termination of the contract. \"Mr Ngema's company had not adhered fully to the spirit and terms of the contract, and it appeared they had tendered a defective service,\" the public protector's office said. Ms Dlamini-Zuma refused to resign, despite pressure from the opposition. Also as health minister, she was criticised for supporting Virodene, a toxic substance which had been rejected by the wider scientific community, as a remedy for HIV/Aids. After spending most of her life fighting for the downtrodden, she has uncharacteristically chosen to walk with the wolves during the current campaign. Some of her current backers have a litany of corruption scandals hanging around their necks. Many of her old comrades are irked by her political expediency, even if it is for the top job in Africa's most industrialised economy. 'My own woman' More recently, she was chastised for labelling nationwide protests calling for President Zuma to step down as \"rubbish\" in a tweet which was then deleted from her timeline. Some said Mr Zuma was trying to protect himself from prosecution over corruption allegations, because if his former wife becomes president, she would be reluctant to send the police to lock him up during his retirement in his village of Nkandla. However NDZ was incensed at the suggestion she wants to be president in order to protect her former husband from his legal woes. She said: \"I am my own woman and I have worked hard to be here,\" she told the Johannesburg Star newspaper. \"I have my own track record in the ANC and in government. I am a doctor and one of the longest-serving cabinet ministers under former Presidents Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki. Before Zuma became president,\" she was quoted as saying. Those who know her well describe Ms Dlamini-Zuma as firm, controlling and someone who at times tells it like it is. But at home some of her stories are of a motherly figure. Even though there are other women aspiring to the number one spot, she has become the face of the ANC Women's League's call that \"South Africa is ready for a woman president.\" The diminutive figure I have come to know over the years is a humble and intellectually astute individual. But unlike her former husband, her personality cannot be described as charming. But the question is whether the people will follow her as she continues to soldier on towards the presidential seat." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "As the party's general secretary, Ms Kramp-Karrenbauer was favourite to take over when Mrs Merkel announced her retirement in October. But she clinched only a narrow victory over Friedrich Merz, a long-time Merkel rival, in a run-off vote in Hamburg, with 51.8% of the vote. Now the head of Germany's largest party, Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, 56, could become the next German chancellor. Who is she? AKK - as she is widely known - grew up in a Catholic family in Saarland in south-western Germany, the country's smallest state (apart from the city-states: Berlin, Hamburg and Bremen). She joined the CDU in 1981 as a 19-year-old student and, after completing a masters in political science, worked her way up in state-level politics. Ms Kramp-Karrenbauer became the first woman to serve as a state minister for internal affairs in 2000 and the first woman to serve as prime minister of Saarland, a position she held from 2011 to 2018. After being nominated by Chancellor Merkel, AKK was elected as CDU general secretary with a record 98.9% of the vote. In her farewell speech as party leader, Mrs Merkel praised AKK's 2017 electoral success in Saarland, in a clear hint of the chancellor's personal preference in the leadership race. She lives in her hometown of Püttlingen with her husband of 34 years, Helmut Karrenbauer, who quit his job as a mining engineer to take care of their three sons while she pursued her political career. What does she stand for? Ms Kramp-Karrenbauer was seen as Ms Merkel's anointed heir and a moderate choice for CDU's leadership. She is seen as a pragmatic, level-headed politician, with an unpretentious style and a reputation for calm analysis as well as political acumen. While she supported Ms Merkel's refugee policy and has a liberal position on women's rights and a minimum wage, she has also expressed more conservative views. As a practising Catholic, she has a traditional view on marriage equality and has expressed concerns about giving same-sex couples full adoption rights. She is also in favour of reinstating year-long military or social service and has questioned the right of ethnic Turks to hold dual German and Turkish citizenship. Turks are Germany's largest immigrant community. What has she said? Since announcing her candidacy, Ms Kramp-Karrenbauer has addressed a range of domestic and international issues. \"You always stand on the shoulders of your predecessor,\" AKK told German TV last month. \"One inherits the entire package, the positive as well as the negative.\" Ms Kramp-Karrenbauer has said she wants to improve on Ms Merkel's legacy and has suggested she would encourage debate within her party on issues such as immigration to encourage new proposals that could become government policy. \"This is democratic order, which reflects a self-confident party,\" she said. \"That's what we want.\" Is she Merkel 2.0? Critics have dismissed her as a mini-Merkel or Merkel 2.0 but observers say there are clear differences between the two women. Even AKK herself said there was nothing mini about her as a 56-year-old woman with grown-up children and an entire political career of her own. Ahead of her election as party leader, Ms Kramp-Karrenbauer went on a \"listening tour\" to find out what her party's grassroots wanted. She reported members were full of \"pride, frustration, concern and uncertainty\". \"Fundamental questions must be asked in the party,\" she told German tabloid Bild. \"Being a people's party cannot mean being a kind of all-purpose political shop that offers something for everyone.\" She went on to say: \"We need to discuss and decide what conservative, Christian-social and liberal look like today and we need to have a clearer profile.\"" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Visaka Dharmadasa, convenor of the Association of War Affected Women (AWAW), said her organisation is currently campaigning to get soldiers arrested by the Rajapaksa administration released. \"During the war, we have been visiting Kilinochchi to seek the release of arrested soldiers from the LTTE,\" she told BBC Sinhala service, Sandeshaya. \"Now we are going to Temple Trees to meet President Rajapaksa seeking the release of soldiers.\" Fonseka supporters She made the comments as representatives of women's organisations and women from victims' families attended a meeting at JR Jayawardene Centre in Colombo to mark the 100th anniversary of International Women's Day. The gathering was organised by many women's rights organisations, calling for press freedom, re-establishment of democracy and more representation of women in parliament. Mrs. Dharmadasa, a previous nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize, said politicians only cared about soldiers when the troops started winning against the Tamil Tigers. \"When there were setbacks, when our children were losing their lives, there was nobody to console us,\" she said. At least 53 military officers and soldiers, some of them already retired, were arrested by the government after the presidential election. 'Fake tears' They were suspected of being supporters of the main opposition candidate, Gen (retd.) Sarath Fonseka. \"Accusing that they were in a conspiracy against the government, we are blamed for making an unfair demand. Then it seems we have been totally unfair in demanding the LTTE to release our children who were fighting against them,\" Ms. Dharmadasa added. Anoma Fonseka, the wife of Gen Fonseka who is currently in military custody, urged the women in Sri Lanka \"not to betray the dignity for money\" or other perks. She would continue to get her husband released, Mrs. Fonseka said, and to persuade Gen Fonseka to be strong \"at a time of need.\" Sandhya Eknaligoda, wife of disappeared journalist Prageeth, strongly criticised the state media for making mockery of victimised women's tears and laughter. \"A government official said I was not crying so Prageeth cannot be missing. But when Anoma Fonseka was crying the media made mockery out of her tears,\" she told BBC Sandeshaya. Roshini Dandeniya, whose father DG Wijedasa is missing since early 90s said she is determined to find out what happened to her father. \"I have a dream,\" she said, \"I am determined to find out what whether he was killed and who the culprits are while my mother is still alive,\" she said." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "\"For shielders like me I didn't really feel safe going outside even when lockdown was slightly relaxed. \"This year has taken its toll on my relationship, and I split with my boyfriend a few weeks ago. \"We were used to long-distance as he was in the military but the lack of contact with Covid just made it too hard to continue. \"With break-ups, my friends want to be with me but they can't. \"The first lockdown and the second one was much easier, because I occasionally went out in the garden. \"This time it isn't so easy, I can still get unwell just being out in the wet and cold so I have to be really careful. \"I am starting to get cabin fever this time.\" \"On Monday, when I woke up to see they were onto my category for vaccinations I was buzzing. \"I'm waiting for my text, it will be a nice trip out but also the fact I'm protected will be a huge saving to the NHS. \"I hate being branded as vulnerable as I've never seen myself as vulnerable before. \"I do see an end point, and when people are offered the vaccine they need to take it for the greater good.\" Chloe Ball- Hopkins, from Wotton-under-Edge in Gloucestershire, lives in her grandparents's annexe and is in the extremely clinically vulnerable category . She has been shielding almost constantly since March 2020." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "When the world began to shut down to try and control coronavirus, we interviewed many of you to see how you were coping. Now, we've gone back to ask: how did you change during lockdown, and what did you learn? 'I learned the hard way' Musician Laurie Wright, of Cheltenham, had been in recovery for alcohol and drug addiction for four months when lockdown started. Lockdown on the whole was OK. I was with my parents for the whole thing and we get along very well, so I was lucky compared to many who were completely isolated. I raised £1,750 for the NHS by live streaming every night and selling my music and merch. I didn't pick up a drink or drug and managed to accept that Narcotics Anonymous meetings are now on Zoom, and we're blessed to have that forum at all. My recovery took a bash in early lockdown as I replaced my recovery with chats I was having with a girl. The nature of addiction being a bigger picture than drugs, this didn't go well, but it's OK now. There's a recovery phrase 'whatever you put in front of your recovery, you will lose,' and I learned the hard way on that and won't be putting anything in front of my recovery again. Recovery comes first, and the rest falls into place. I learned how to cook even more, wrote 14 songs and found I, like most people, enjoy walking. I learned that you don't need to be in London or even out of the house any more to build a fan base, which was cool but slightly scary that the world has turned this way. I'm looking forward to touring the UK and eventually Europe as soon as it is permitted to do so. 'I had so many people reach out to me' Like millions of other Americans, artist Angie Lafrance, of Maine, lost her job as coronavirus spread. She spoke to the BBC in April about how she was struggling with isolating alone. There are a lot of emotions tied to this new way of life and I can always channel them through my art. After the article was published, I had so many people from all over the world who had connected with the illustrations reaching out to me and sharing their own experiences - that in itself has made me feel less isolated. I definitely still feel the weight of uncertainty when it comes to thinking about the future. Where I live, things are slowly starting to open back up in phases but of course, it's far from business as usual. Not too much has changed as far as my day-to-day life: I'm still mostly isolated, I follow social distancing practices and I wear a mask. I think regardless of the lockdown becoming less stringent, I still feel a personal responsibility to keep others safe. We can't control our current administration's response, but we can hold ourselves personally accountable for our own active role in slowing the spread. I have friends who have lost family members to the virus and I worry all the time about my own loved ones. If I could go back in time and give myself any advice, I guess it would probably have to be to focus on the things I can control. Losing my job being separated from my friends and family, and the constant battle between who is and isn't taking it seriously enough are not things that I can control or that I was prepared for. All I can do is take each day as it comes and try to stay healthy and as positive and hopeful as I can. 'No-one wants to cry together at a two-metre distance' Dr Nick Schindler's grandfather John Cohen died aged 99 while under lockdown - Nick spoke to us in early April. I'm not sure if we have started to grieve for Grandpa yet, it still doesn't quite seem real, and no amount of video chats on Zoom or WhatsApp seems to change that. We talk about him, we make jokes and remember him most times we speak, but it's not the same. Even a brief government-sanctioned meet-up in my parent's garden doesn't quite allow for catharsis. No one wants to cry together at a two-metre distance, and we don't dare risk giving in to even the briefest of hugs. So we have kept quiet and carried on, which is what he would have done. My parents were allowed to retrieve his things from the residential home in the last week, with meticulous precautions. It is strange to see his prize possessions in new places. He always enjoyed trying to give everything he could away to us, organising and wrestling control from fate. We always declined of course. Now he won't take no for an answer, and so his carefully curated world is divided amongst our chaotic ones. Things are a poor substitute for family, and I look forward to us being safely together again soon, and the hugs. 'I'm stuck in some kind of limbo' Naomi, 21, is a final-year psychology student from Cardiff. She told us her anxiety increased hugely because of coronavirus. My finals ended last week, possibly the most stressful few weeks of my life. It was really draining. We can't mark the end of uni, so I'm stuck in some kind of limbo where I feel like I haven't finished. It's a very weird place to be. I was really anxious going into lockdown, but then I got quite settled. Now that measures have started being eased, that's spiked my anxiety again. There's so much change happening. As we're being allowed to go and meet up with people, socially distanced, I actually feel more lonely. I've always struggled with loneliness and feelings of isolation, largely because my friends are very spread out. Lockdown was almost a comfortable place for me. I've always communicated with my friends on video calling or messaging, and when everybody was doing it didn't feel quite as lonely. But now, as we're going back to normal, those feelings are surfacing again. I don't have many friends in Cardiff, whereas my housemate does, so she's not around as much. And the people I was talking to across the country, they're now busier. I haven't seen my family all year, but I start a new job next month, so my mum and my brother are coming down to help me move house. I think there's a lot of exciting things to come. 'It will take a lot of changes to lose that fear' Angela Steatham, from Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant in Wales, has chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and is deemed clinically extremely vulnerable to the virus, meaning she was one of 2.5 million people in the UK advised not to leave their homes at all. It was business as usual one day, and then suddenly, everything changed - for everybody in the world. At the beginning because it was such an enormous shock, I was very willing to put my trust in the government. But as we've seen how they've handled it throughout, I'm now at the stage where I don't trust they are making the best decisions for everybody. I've lost a lot of my independence. I've always been a fiercely independent woman. For the first time, I've had to accept being looked after by others. I've been labelled extremely vulnerable - I've never been a vulnerable person in my whole life! What's really weird - I think it's a bit like Stockholm syndrome - is I'm sort of used to being inside. I've travelled to war-torn countries. I was in Kathmandu on 9/11, I had to be flown out with the Dalai Lama on a military jet. I've never been afraid. But just driving to the hospital on Monday was really quite scary. Because they told us we were classed as clinically extremely vulnerable, it gives you that sense of fear. It's going to take a long time and a lot of changes for that fear to be reversed. Interviews by George Wright, Kelly-Leigh Cooper, Alice Evans, Vibeke Venema and Joseph Lee" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "About 130,000 people deemed extremely vulnerable due to underlying health conditions were originally advised to stay at home and isolate from others. This was paused in August, but resumed before Christmas amid a rise in cases linked to the new coronavirus variant. The Welsh Government has extended the current shielding period from 7 February until 31 March. In a written statement, Health Minister Vaughan Gething said he was acting on the advice of Wales' Chief Medical Officer, and said the extension was due to \"the ongoing high incidence of virus in our communities and our continuing learning around the impacts of new strains of the virus\". Those told to shield include organ transplant recipients, people with certain cancers and those with severe respiratory conditions such as cystic fibrosis. Mr Gething said it would send letters to people over the next fortnight, and those shielding would be invited to receive their first dose of a vaccine by mid-February. \"At present, the advice not to attend work and school outside the home will continue to apply even after both doses of the vaccine have been received,\" said the health minister. \"This is because the incidence of coronavirus in our communities remains high and the proportion of people who have been vaccinated is relatively low.\" The advice will be kept under review, added Mr Gething." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Sean CoughlanBBC News education correspondent \"Say 'yes', be on time, look gorgeous, show willing, be savagely polite,\" she told pupils at an east London school, as her instant guide to career success. She later said she had grown up being told it was better to \"burn the furniture\" than \"draw the dole\". The careers fair was the launch event for the Inspiring the Future scheme. Run by the organisation that produced Bill Gates as a mystery speaker in a Deptford comprehensive, this project aims to bring 100,000 speakers into state schools to talk about careers. It wants to give state schools the kind of networks of first-hand careers advice that are taken for granted by independent schools. 'Dare everything' Ms Lumley headed the list of visitors to Bishop Challoner school in east London, alongside luminaries such as Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg and CBI president Sir Roger Carr. Drawing the most enthusiastic response from the pupils, Ms Lumley delivered a volley of individual advice. \"Buy an atlas and keep it by the bed - remember you can go anywhere,\" she told pupils. She said that she wanted pupils to leave school \"on fire\" with a willingness to be adventurous and ambitious. \"Dare everything, try everything, stick at stuff,\" was another plea - which the pupils lapped up - as the actress effortlessly upstaged the other career representatives. She gave girls at the school a quickfire lesson in how to be interviewed for television - alongside the message that they shouldn't be deterred by anyone putting them down. Introducing herself as a \"pensioner and an actress\", she also put the ageing process in perspective, explaining that the inner 16-year-old was still alive inside her - \"exactly the same sense of ambition, still bored stiff by the same things\". No featherbeds There was tough love too - warning that youngsters needed to be given more than just supportive advice: \"Work bloody hard, we can't just featherbed you.\" There were also challenges ahead for her - saying that her next project was finding Noah's Ark and examining the ancient stories of the flood, ticking off a list of countries she would have to visit in the process. Asked about the challenges facing youngsters from disadvantaged backgrounds, she gave a no-nonsense reply. \"It doesn't matter. You've got books, manners and punctuality.\" And she said that her own parents had instilled in her a strong sense of self-reliance and told her to \"eat grass, but don't draw the dole\". She said that she had grown up thinking it was better to sell her shoes and burn the furniture to keep warm rather than sign on. The event at Bishop Challoner, set up by Nick Chambers of the Education and Employers Taskforce, represents the starting point for a national project - bringing speakers from a range of professions into schools. The school's sports hall was packed with stalls - with firms from banking, law, construction, transport, the armed services, government departments, accountancy, restaurants and the media. There were 100 employers providing advice for 1,000 pupils. Pupils were able to get information from people working in these sectors - trying to provide the hidden hand of good advice that can be missing for many youngsters. \"We desperately need to tackle the corrosive effects of high youth unemployment in the UK, so I would urge employers to sign up to this initiative,\" said Sir Roger Carr. Brian Lightman, leader of the ASCL head teachers' union, said decisions about careers could be \"bewildering\" for pupils. \"It is immensely important that they have the chance to gain insights early on about different jobs and careers, especially when they cover areas outside their immediate experience,\" said Mr Lightman. The pupils were able to ask Nick Clegg about his career path. Had he always wanted to get into politics? \"I was very unattracted to student politics,\" he told pupils. \"I'd meet these people involved in student politics who were absolutely full of raging certainties. They'd get all red-faced and pumped up, shouting at each other in student debates.\" If that rather sounds like the House of Commons - maybe the new careers adviser, Ms Lumley, could have a word." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Alison Feeney-HartBBC News Today the company, which she runs with her husband Matthew Rice, employs more than 200 people, and is perhaps best known for Emma's polka dot and pink heart designs. Bridgewater, who was appointed CBE this week, shares her top 10 tips for being a successful designer. 1. Get a job Try and get a job in any capacity in a creative company that interests you. I did that for 18 months and what I learned during that time was kind of everything. That opportunity to be inside a creative company, see what's happening, feel the excitement of it, straight out of college, that's the best possible thing you can do. And don't hang around. I personally think you should be paid for it, but it doesn't matter how menial a capacity you are employed. Take any job at any price in order to get into a company that interests you. I knew I was going to be successful. When I first had the idea, I didn't know anything about the ceramics industry, so I came to Stoke-on-Trent in a haze of utter ignorance, but with conviction. I walked around and I could see very definitely that this great big Victorian factory was going to be making nothing but Emma Bridgewater designs one day. I do have a feeling that in your work, as with the whole of your life, if you can imagine the solution you want, that's half the job. But without it, you won't probably get anywhere much. I started off with just four shapes. A mug, exactly like the one I am drinking from now, a bowl, a milk jug and a dish. My \"polka dot\" and \"hearts\" designs are both really good examples of designs that are almost incidental. These nice, simple, pleasing shapes were a very good way of making a pattern that wasn't too \"patterny\". People have got to be feeling committed to the idea of decoration to buy roses and jolly animals and things. With spots you can just kind of sneak by someone, it's a pattern that doesn't daunt. I'm completely dedicated to the traditions of making pottery in this country. So the way we do it dominates what our range of pottery looks like. Inspiration is all around - from books that Matthew and I buy, to antique shops and flea markets, to the sort of hinterland of my upbringing. When you've got an idea, when you've got the shapes and the colours, there is a very nice thing that happens organically. There's a sort of hum that you build up that makes the genesis of new designs possible. It makes a fertile ground for new designs to pop up in. It's vital to keep having new ideas. Don't set out to do something that you are not absolutely passionate about because, to get through the hard work of it, you have got to feel passionate and I think probably for me, a big saviour has been the cause of Stoke. I think at times, if it had just been about making money, I probably would have seriously doubted my intention to carry on. Whereas the feeling of caring about the industry and the city and the people who work here and their skills, the passion for that has been a great driver. I think to try and sell widgets all your life would probably be terrible, you've got to love it! I read English at University and pretty much thought I was going to go into publishing. Maybe as a literary agent, something like that. Then after I graduated, I had a clear idea in my head that I was going to start my own company. It was going to be fun, but it was going to be orderly and it was going to make money. My cousin and I were making canapes for people's drinks parties. We didn't kill anyone, astonishingly, and I was sleeping on her sofa. It was all very uncertain and then I had a wonderful, wonderful moment in a china shop when I was trying to buy Mum a birthday present. It struck me absolutely, straight between the eyes, that there was a great big yawning gap where the right pottery for her way of life should be. It's strange, isn't it? But I just knew it was going to work. It's completely vital to have a good name for your brand. I think it's a very simple and single issue: If the company bears your name, there is a connection. You can embody the brand in a very direct way and I think Cath Kidston shows that in the most extemporary fashion. People get where they get by all sorts of different roads but I don't know many successful people who take lots of holidays. For years and years, Matthew and I and the children only ever took two or three days off at a time. There is no point dressing it up, it is blindingly hard work and if that seems daunting it isn't worth doing. I find it quite hard to switch off. If I'm on my own, I make a very conscious effort to listen to music or a play or an audio book rather than spend the whole time on the telephone. It's vital to have a nice home to escape to. I work with my husband. For a lot of people the very idea of it is the third circle of hell, but it's worked for us. There's plenty of scrapping but we tend to have found that very productive. I'm sure our children would say it's been a nightmare! My family have been a huge influence. You do it for your family and then frankly you feel tremendously guilty that the work you're doing, for their benefit, means that you're never there. Matthew's parents have been massively involved, they've done a huge amount, more school concerts and school runs than me. There's a sort of inherent uneasy dynamic for most working women, I think, which I don't have a secret answer to. Compromise is all there is... and common sense. I feel constantly dissatisfied with things I haven't done, rather than pleased with the things that I have. If people ask me whether I regret how hard I've worked its always \"yes, no, yes, no, yes, no!\" The answer I always end up giving is \"no\". Like most working women, I think, I probably spend a lot of time on that particular guilt treadmill. But when you step away from it and think about making jobs in an industry that has taken the most appalling knocks; and think about making lovely things that people really, really enjoy giving to each other - those are important things and I think the children do all inherently understand that and think that it is a good thing, too. But they might give you some quite funny answers first about me not ever knowing what their teachers are called!" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The report by the House of Lords found young people in seaside towns were being \"let down and left behind\" by a lack of post-16 education and employment. But Sally Ann Lycett got in touch to tell us that this bleak outlook did not match up to her view of Bexhill-on-Sea on the coast of East Sussex. She sent us photos from \"flagship cultural and social hub\" the De La Warr Pavilion as it hosted its fourth community-led jobs fair. Director of the venue Stewart Drew said some seaside towns had been \"reinventing themselves for decades\". \"Bexhill is a tight, entrepreneurial community with a strong heart and sense of civic pride,\" he said. Over 120 people have taken up employed positions and hundreds more introduced to new possibilities since the jobs fair started four years ago, he said. The report said limited access to further and higher education was \"severely curtailing opportunities and denting aspirations\" for young people in some coastal areas. Dr Paul Phillips, principal of Weston College, in Weston-super-Mare, said he \"wholeheartedly disagreed\" with the House of Lords report. \"We see our role as creating brighter futures, and this is supported by our academic results over the last 12 months,\" he said. \"Thirty-one per cent of our HE (higher education) students achieved first-class honours degrees, we have a 99% pass rate in academic and vocational studies, plus we are bucking the national trend in areas such as apprenticeships and traineeships.\" Weston College has four campuses, including one dedicated to higher education, in partnership with the University of the West of England, Bristol and Bath Spa University. A new construction training centre will open imminently and a new campus dedicated to health and active living will open in September. Jess Morris, BID (business improvement district) manager in Penzance, Cornwall, said she was part of the group that met members of the parliamentary select committee on their tour of the seaside. \"They spent about three hours here and we showed them some of the challenges we face and talked about our five-year place shaping plan,\" she said. \"Our seawater lido has been refurbished over the last five years after it was nearly destroyed in a storm in 2014. \"It's undergoing work to create the only geothermal pool in the country.\" It was part crowd-funded by 1,500 people who bought shares in the pool, she said. Penzance held its first monthly Saturday street market after receiving a grant to buy stalls, and new planters have been placed along the promenade, she said. \"If coastal towns are proactive and work together, the opportunities are there for the taking.\" This story was inspired by feedback from readers of Seaside towns 'desperate for reinvention'" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Four children were among those rescued by a Royal Navy helicopter after being trapped for about six hours at Nithside Farm near Closeburn. Homes had earlier been evacuated at Kirkconnel, in Dumfries and Galloway, and New Cumnock in East Ayrshire. Flooding also caused disruption on the rail network and several road closures. Police in Dumfries and Galloway warned drivers not to travel unless it was \"absolutely necessary\". While all the main trunk routes were said to be passable with care in the area, many minor routes were closed or disrupted and some cars were abandoned. Travel Check if this is affecting your journey With more rain forecast on Tuesday morning, police said further flooding and disruption was possible. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency had more than 30 flood warnings in place on Monday evening. The seven people who were trapped upstairs at Nithside Farm - a father, four children under the age of eight and two holidaymakers - were rescued at about 19:00. Two dogs were also rescued, and all those involved were said to be safe and well. Elsewhere, heavy rain and winds of almost 80mph battered parts of Wales, affecting roads and train services. Met Office amber \"be prepared\" warnings for parts of Dumfries and Galloway and Ayrshire have now been lifted but yellow \"be aware\" warnings remain in place for these areas and much of central and southern Scotland. There is also a yellow warning for wind in Wales, north-west and north-east England, Yorkshire and Humber, the East Midlands, south-west England and London and the South East. There are yellow warnings for rain in Wales, Northern Ireland and south-west England. In Scotland, Dumfries and Galloway and parts of Ayrshire have been worst affected. In the village of Carsphairn, in Dumfries and Galloway, residents described the conditions as some of the worst they had experienced in 40 years. Police said major roads across the region were affected by flooding including the A74(M) at Greenhillstairs, the A76 at Kirkconnel and the A75 at various points. About 40 houses in the St Conal's Square area of Kirkconnel were evacuated and a rest and welfare centre has been set up at the village's Miners Hall. Police said the village of Moniaive was almost cut off at one point due to flooding on the A702, and a family had to be evacuated from a bungalow which was cut off by flood water. Firefighters used rescue boats to assist with the evacuations. Homes in Port Logan and Newton Stewart also had to be evacuated. The Whitesands in Dumfries has flooded after the River Nith burst its banks. Electricity supply to this area has also been affected. The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service (SFRS) said it had attended 55 incidents which involved flooding or water rescues in the Strathclyde and Dumfries and Galloway area between 08:00 GMT and 18:00 GMT on Monday. One woman had to be rescued from a stranded car in Moffat. A number of properties were evacuated in Dundee after a landslide. Police Scotland said heavy rain had caused a wall to collapse at the rear of Gardner Street at about 16:00. No-one was injured, but properties were evacuated as a precautionary measure and some roads were closed in the area. Police Scotland said eight people had been evacuated from their homes in Mansefield Road in New Cumnock, and a further six homes were evacuated in the Leggate area. Police, fire crews and staff from the council and Scottish Water and Scottish Gas remained at the scene. In Glasgow, the M77 southbound entry slip was closed because of flooding at Junction 2 Barrhead Road. Trains from London Euston station to Edinburgh and Glasgow were disrupted by flooding. Virgin Trains said there were no services running between Carlisle and Carstairs, because of flooding between Lockerbie and Carstairs." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Shell's Brent Charlie, 115 miles (185km) off Shetland, was undergoing maintenance on Tuesday evening. With weather warnings in place for the rest of the week, a coastguard helicopter helped transfer 135 people to the Brent Alpha and Bravo platforms. A yellow weather warning for wind was in place in the Scottish Borders, Highlands and northern isles. A Shell spokesman said on Thursday: \"We lost power supply on the Brent Charlie platform. \"Working with the coastguard we removed all non-essential personnel to nearby platforms. Power has been restored and personnel will be returned at the earliest opportunity. \"Safety and the welfare of our workforce is our number one priority.\" Meanwhile a series of yellow warnings for rain have been in place across large parts of Scotland. The latest is in force in southern and central areas until 14:00. Coastal roads on the Isle of Arran were left inaccessible on Wednesday due to strong winds and high tides. Queues of traffic were seen on the road south of Corrie while water on some stretches was reported as knee deep. The Met office warned commuters should expect some delays to public transport and delays for high-sided vehicles on exposed routes and bridges. Short term loss of power and other services is possible. Diana is not on the list of the Met Office's official storm names for this winter, and originated further south. Met Office spokesman Richard Miles said the storm, named by the Portuguese authorities, \"had quite an impact on islands in the Atlantic\", but had weakened as it travelled towards the UK. He explained: \"By the time it got to us it would not meet the criteria for us to name it.\" The last Met Office named storm was Callum, which battered parts of the UK in mid-October. The next name to be used will be Deirdre." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "More heavy rain is expected on Sunday, which is likely to add to existing problems on roads in many areas. There are six severe flood warnings, meaning a danger to life, in the UK - two in Cornwall and four in Devon. The Environment Agency has issued 175 flood warnings and 354 flood alerts for England and Wales. Scotland has 16 flood alerts and 17 flood warnings. The Environment Agency said there was a heightened flood risk across Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Bristol, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, West and East Sussex, south Wales, Ceredigion, Gwynedd and North Yorkshire. Paul Mustow, head of flood incident management, said: \"With severe flood warnings in force and further rain forecast, it is vital that communities remain flood aware. \"If you're leaving your property empty over Christmas, check the risk of flooding before you leave, move valuable items to safety and ask neighbours to keep an eye on your home.\" Meanwhile, in a statement on its website, rail company First Great Western advised \"customers with non-essential travel to not attempt to travel West of Taunton in either direction\". In other developments: The Environment Agency has severe flood warnings in force in Helston, for the River Fowey from Trekeivesteps to Lostwithiel, all in Cornwall. In Braunton, Devon, many homes and shops are under water after the River Caen burst its banks. The Maritime and Coastguard Agency said its teams were distributing sandbags to protect properties and evacuate residents from houseboats at Velator Quay. In nearby Exeter resident Dan Regan told the BBC that flood barriers had been put up near his house. \"I've never seen them deployed here before and my neighbours, who have been here for 30 years, have never seen it either. I've never seen anything like the flooding we've had over the last month or so,\" he said. Plastic dam A plastic dam has been placed across the railway line at Exeter to minimise flood damage. Steve Hawkins, from Network Rail, explained: \"The last time it flooded we lost the railway for two or three days but we lost the signalling equipment, so we had restricted working, for two or three weeks. \"The idea of this is that we intend to try to protect the signalling equipment further down the track to make sure we can get the railway back up and working normally for our passengers sooner.\" The Environment Agency said more than 100 properties in Cornwall had been affected by flooding since the early hours of Saturday. And in Colebrook, in Plympton, more than 40 properties had been flooded, it added. The Met Office has issued amber weather warnings for heavy rain in south-west England, London and south-east England, Yorkshire and Humberside, Wales, central Scotland and the Grampians for Saturday and into Sunday morning. Train operators have advised passengers to check the National Rail Enquiries website before travelling. Elsewhere on the roads, the M66 in Lancashire is closed southbound at junction 1 between the A56 Edenfield Bypass and the A56. The M60 in Greater Manchester has a slip road closed anticlockwise at junction 21. And an M4 slip road is also partially blocked in both directions around junction 48 because of flooding. Surface water is causing congestion both ways on the motorway. Parts of the A21 in East Sussex are closed in both directions due to flooding, and the A39 is flooded in Barnstaple, in north Devon. The A27 in West Sussex is closed eastbound between Portfield Roundabout, Chichester and Halnaker because of flooding. Transport Secretary Patrick McLoughlin said: \"Exceptional weather conditions are having a serious impact on the transport network at what is already a difficult time of year. \"We urge people travelling through the most affected areas to plan ahead and check the latest travel information. We will continue to ensure everything possible is being done to help people get to where they need to be for Christmas,\" he added." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Millions of tonnes of granite were excavated at the quarry, which closed in 1971 and is credited with earning Aberdeen its Granite City name. Canadian developer Carterra had earlier proposals for 300 properties rejected. New plans were submitted and were recommended for approval, but they were unanimously rejected by the planning committee. It is set to be appealed. The plans were for 245 rented flats, as well as a public bistro and public promenade with viewpoints to the quarry. Carterra said in a statement: \"We are disappointed with the decision but plan to appeal in the future.\"" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Residents in Llay objected to the plans, saying the size of the development on land at Home Farm, Gresford Road, was too big. The application had been recommended for approval with planners saying it would make a \"significant contribution\" towards meeting future housing needs. But the planning committee threw out the plans amid cheers from the public." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The rover has carried out its third drive, heading eastward about 16m (52ft) - its longest journey so far. Scientists want to examine a feature they have named Glenelg, where three different types of terrain intersect. They have chosen it as a likely place to find their first rock target for drilling and analysis. Curiosity has been built to drive at least 20km across the Martian landscape to investigate whether the planet ever had the conditions necessary for life. \"This drive really begins our journey toward the first major driving destination, Glenelg, and it's nice to see some Martian soil on our wheels,\" said mission manager Arthur Amador of Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California. Curiosity's project scientist John Grotzinger, from the California Institute of Technology, said: \"We are on our way, though Glenelg is still many weeks away. \"We plan to stop for just a day at the location we just reached, but in the next week or so we will make a longer stop.\" During that stop at a still-to-be-determined location, Curiosity will test its robotic arm and the contact instruments at the end of the arm. At the position reached on Tuesday, Curiosity's mast camera (Mastcam) will collect a set of images looking towards the mission's ultimate driving destination - the lower slopes of nearby Mount Sharp. Scientists expect to find rocks at the base of Mount Sharp that were laid down billions of years ago in the presence of abundant water. A mosaic of images from the current location will be used along with the Mastcam images of the mountain taken at the spot where Curiosity touched down. This stereo pair taken about 10m (33ft) apart will provide three-dimensional information about distant features and possible driving routes." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Katie Prescott Business reporter, BBC Behind many are the belongings that people just can't bring themselves to throw away - often the residue of life-changing moments like death or divorce. Yet in among the stacks of furniture and knick-knacks, a growing number of the metal containers play host to a wide range of small businesses. They're attracted by the flexibility, the short-notice periods and low overheads that characterise the rough and ready space offered by the self-storage industry. Hiren Patel, the boss of e-commerce gift company Sent 4 U, runs one such small firm, and he's exhausted. In the run-up to Christmas his team is parcelling up 12,000 items a day - toys, party goods, diaries, cards and his best-selling Santa outfits - and sending them all around the world. It's a round-the-clock operation, and he employs 20 staff to help him keep up with the festive rush. For a seasonal business such as his, the self-storage units are ideal. \"It's convenient to be here,\" he says. \"You don't need to pay council tax, it's all included in the rent. \"It gives you choice, if the business isn't performing you can give one month's notice and move on, or you can reduce your space so it gives you nice flexibility.\" Mr Patel uses different storage units for different bits of his operation - like a series of mini warehouses. \"It is a kind of depot,\" he says. \"We keep our distribution centre here to use the flexible space and save some money.\" Easy to expand While the High Street is suffering from a rise in empty shops, the market for storage units is growing as more online retailers realise they are convenient and cheap places to store their stock. Storage centres are typically located on the outskirts of towns, in areas where space is cheap. And while these locations might not provide a prestigious address, the basic units are ideal for e-commerce firms. In Balham, south west London, Helen Cockle and Helen Gilbert moved their children's clothes business, the Little Legs Company, to a storage space when their stock outgrew the kitchen table. Starting off with a 15 sq ft (1.4 sq m) area in a local Big Yellow centre, three years later the company has expanded into a space almost 10 times the size. Many storage centres also provide a front-of-house reception area to take deliveries. Mike McGuire from Scottish self-storage company Len Lothian says such a service is a major attraction for small businesses who rent its units. \"The main reason why small firms especially store with us is that we accept deliveries on their behalf,\" says Mr McGuire. \"We sign for and take in the goods into store. They are out and about running their business and don't waste time awaiting delivery of stock.\" No business rates Storage companies started in the US in the 1970s, the concept then spread to Australia, and only really launched in the UK in the past 20 years. It's in this past decade that renting space has started to boom, and there are now about 1,000 sites in the UK providing more than 30 million sq ft of storage space. Rennie Schafer, chief executive of Self Storage Association UK, says: \"For businesses it's a flexible way they can store their goods and their materials. \"And they only pay for the storage they need rather than a warehouse which could be half full one day and overflowing the next.\" More and more storage companies are recognising this, and targeting business customers. This year, 42% of self-storage space was for commercial use, compared with 39% in 2012. And while the Treasury introduced VAT on storage space in 2012, which has pushed up prices for domestic users, businesses can claim it back. Firms also do not have to pay business rates - the taxes usually paid on non-domestic properties - on any storage space they use. This is because the Valuation Office Agency says the burden falls on the self-storage company itself. \"We normally assess self-storage facilities as a warehouse and the operator of the self-storage facility will generally be liable for the payment of rates,\" it says. It's hard to put an average price on the cost of storage space in the UK because it differs across the country, but a customer can expect to pay about £20 a year per sq ft. Ollie Saunders, head of self-storage at accountancy group Deloitte, says: \"Today, in some stores, every other unit is a commercial customer. \"Businesses no longer need to rent a dodgy lock-up garage down a side alley - instead they use a self-storage facility where they also can get a cappuccino in reception.\" Back in West Norwood, the Sent 4 U team is just focusing on processing their orders. Jugal Goswami, a manager, says: \"Christmas time is the perfect time for us. \"But I don't think it's going to slow down, Valentine's Day is coming, Mother's Day is coming, Father's Day is coming - so we might get more space, but we're not going to take less.\"" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Bob HowardReporter, Money Box Several firms are now offering them the chance to take these payments using a dongle on their smartphone or iPad. The start-up costs are either zero or minimal, and there is no monthly fee, but the business pays a percentage of each transaction. iZettle is one of a number firms offering the small card-reader that plugs into iPhones, iPads and a number of Android smartphones or tablets. The customer hands over their card to the stallholder - or plumber or window-cleaner - and it is swiped through the device. Mastercard and American Express card holders then sign for their purchase. Visa users have to hand over their mobile phone numbers and tap in security details on their own phones. This may change in the near future as companies introduce chip and pin technology which Visa will accept. The merchant pays a commission of 2.75% per transaction, and the consumer gets to use their plastic rather than cash in new places. Tom Reaney runs the burger stall \"Burger Bear\" in Shoreditch in London, and has recently signed on with iZettle, as he told Radio 4's Money Box programme. \"We don't have the usual amenities restaurants usually have, so I always used to take cash,\" he says. Mr Reaney adds that it would also have been too expensive to sign a fixed monthly payment contract to get a normal card reader. He believes around one in five of his customers now opts to pay with a card \"I sell maybe 40 burgers to one office in one day and that wouldn't have been feasible without the use of cards.\" Security changes Some shoppers Money Box spoke to said they would be worried about the security of their cards if they were asked to put them into someone's iPad or smartphone. But the traders say the system is secure and customers can request a receipt is sent to their own smart phone with the details of the transaction. iZettle says 15,000 traders signed up with it in November. But several other firms are also fighting for their share of the market. Sum Up offers a similar service. It launched five months ago, and as well as its UK operation it says it is expanding in nine other countries. Jim Stewart is a director of Surrey-based Butta, a firm which makes eco friendly wax for skis and snowboards. He does occasional trade shows so did not want to pay a monthly rental charge for a traditional portable card terminal. \"I think it's definitely going to take off, the world is going that way,\" he says. \"The money has always appeared in my bank account, no transactions have been declined, my accountant is happy, it's all been good.\" Payleven, based in London and Berlin, is another firm offering a service where Mastercard and American Express cards holders sign when making a purchase. It says it will be launching the first chip and pin version of this payment for smartphones running Google's Android software or Apple's iOS in February. Money Box is broadcast on Saturdays at 12:00 GMT on BBC Radio 4 and repeated on Sundays at 21:00 GMT. You can listen again via the BBC iPlayer or by downloading Money Box podcast." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Amy GladwellNewsbeat reporter The Centre for Retail Research is predicting sales of £200m. The British Retail Consortium and moneysupermarket.com estimate that £480m will be spent when food and drink are included. Among the growing range of special merchandise appearing are limited edition condoms, called Crown Jewels. They come in a purple box with a picture of William and Kate on the front. Heritage Condoms say they've nearly sold all 10,000 packs. \"We thought it was time for a fresh take on the royal wedding souvenir,\" says managing director Hugh Pomfret. \"There will always be people who are eager to dismiss a good idea like this, but they have sold all over the world - in America, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Brazil.\" He says he'd like to know what Prince William thinks of the condoms. However Buckingham Palace told Newsbeat there was no comment. 'Tacky' Jeremie Herpson runs a gift shop in central London and has been stocking plenty of wedding memorabilia. \"This wedding has been great for a small business like us,\" he says. \"Particularly with younger customers and tourists.\" Jeremie's shop also has plates with a mock William and Kate Facebook page on them, and others saying \"Thanks for the Free Day Off.\" Other highlights include a diamante iPhone cover, fake nails, shot glasses, a fridge, and a duvet cover. The merchandise isn't to everyone's taste however. \"It's all tacky,\" says Mary Whimmer, 22, from Pennsylvania. \"To get their pictures on your nails is insane - but I have seen worse back home.\" Sick bags Other businesses around the country are cashing in. A Nottingham brewery has made Kiss Me Kate ale and in Cumbria there are royal wedding sick bags for those feeling a bit queasy. Lydia Leith, 24, designed them - she's sold thousands in red and blue and has had requests for gold. \"People seem to really like them - I think they understand it is just a joke and a bit of fun,\" she says. You can only buy official Royal Collection souvenirs from their shops in London and Edinburgh, and on their website. The most expensive is a cup priced at £125. Antiques experts say hardly any royal wedding souvenirs will end up being worth much and if you are hoping for an investment it is best to buy something good quality and limited edition." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Chris MorrisBBC Reality Check So it's not surprising to see the UK and EU set out rather different positions before talks begin in earnest. There are some broad similarities. The two sides agree they want a free-trade agreement, with no tariffs (border taxes on goods) or quotas (limits on the amount of goods). They are also keen to include as much of the service sector as possible. But that's the easy bit and this is likely to become a bruising experience for all involved. Terms and conditions always apply - and there are several possible flashpoints. Level playing field First and foremost, the EU wants the UK to sign up to strict rules on fair and open competition, so if British companies are given tariff-free access to the EU market, they cannot undercut their rivals. These are known as level playing field guarantees and they have been a constant theme in the EU's negotiating position for nearly two years. Most importantly, its negotiating directives, adopted on 25 February 2020, say a future partnership must \"ensure the application\" in the UK of EU state-aid rules on subsidies for business. The UK would also be required to stay in line with the EU's rules on environmental policy and workers' rights in a way that would \"stand the test of time\". But the government has now rejected this approach entirely. The political declaration it agreed with the EU last year did speak of level playing field commitments but, armed with a big majority in the House of Commons, it has toughened up its language. In a document outlining the UK's approach to negotiations published on 27 February 2020, it said: \"we will not agree to any obligations for our laws to be aligned with the EU's\". Instead, Boris Johnson has said he would create an independent system that would uphold the UK's international obligations and not undermine European standards. \"There is no need for a free-trade agreement to involve accepting EU rules on competition policy, subsidies, social protection, the environment or anything similar,\" he said. He has also pointed out that there are areas such as maternity rights in which the UK has higher standards than the EU and that the UK spent far less money on state aid than Germany or France. Canada-style deal? The EU says without a level playing field, it cannot offer any kind of basic free-trade agreement along the lines of the one it has negotiated with Canada. The UK's response? A Canada-style deal would be its preference, but if that is not available, it will settle for what Australia has with the EU. In other words, no free-trade deal at all. The government says it will decide in June 2020 \"whether good progress has been possible on the least controversial areas of the negotiations\" (which it defines as things like financial services and data) and if not, it will start to focus on preparing for a new relationship without a formal free-trade deal. Either way, says Mr Johnson, a new relationship will begin on 1 January 2021. His critics accuse him of recklessness, but the prime minister says he has \"no doubt that in either case the UK will prosper\". Fisheries The EU has said an agreement on fisheries must be concluded before any free-trade deal is finalised. That's because UK fishing waters are among the best in Europe. The UK says it's happy to consider a deal on fisheries but it must be based on the notion \"British fishing grounds are first and foremost for British boats\". The EU sees things rather differently. Its negotiating directives say a future deal should \"aim to avoid economic dislocation for [European] Union fishermen that have traditionally fished in United Kingdom waters\". The EU wants to \"uphold\" existing access on both sides to fishing waters - language that has strengthened under pressure from EU countries with big fishing fleets. The EU also seems prepared to link access to fishing waters to the UK's ability to sell its fish in the EU market. But the UK also rejects that. Michael Gove told Parliament: \"We will take back control of our waters, as an independent coastal state, and we will not link access to our waters to access to EU markets. Our fishing waters are our sovereign resource.\" Fishing is a tiny part of both sides' economies - in the UK it's well below 1% - but it has always been an emotional issue. And coastal communities depend on it on both sides of the Channel. Alignment When it comes to product standards and other regulations, the EU is a bit more flexible. \"We're not asking for alignment, I know it's a red rag to the UK, so I won't really mention it,\" the EU's chief negotiator, Michel Barnier said. \"What I am looking for is consistency.\" The UK says it must have the right to diverge from EU rules when it chooses to do so, but it won't do that just for the sake of doing things differently. The more it diverges, the more checks there will be and the more barriers to trade will emerge. One late addition to the EU's negotiating document is the demand that the UK should stick close to EU rules on food safety and animal health, which is seen by some as a reference to whether the UK might import chlorine-washed chicken from the US in the future. Services Similar trade-offs will have to be made in the services sector. UK financial services companies, for example, will lose the passporting rights that gave them unfettered access to the rest of the EU. Instead, the UK is hoping for a system of what's known as enhanced equivalence, which would give companies plenty of notice if the rules were about to change. But talk in government circles of frictionless trade has gone. The UK now accepts that will not be possible outside the EU single market and customs union. Gibraltar The EU's negotiating mandate recalls a statement made back in 2018, in which the other 27 member states agreed Gibraltar would not be included in any post-Brexit agreement between the UK and the EU. It doesn't rule out a separate deal between the UK and the EU that does cover Gibraltar, but that in turn would have to be agreed by the UK and Spain. This is another hot-button issue pretty much guaranteed to generate tabloid headlines. Mr Johnson has said he would be negotiating for what he called the whole UK family, including Gibraltar. European Court of Justice Gaining independence from the rulings of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) was an important part of the argument for Brexit. Now, the EU is demanding the ECJ be given a legal role in policing any free-trade agreement. It wants the court to be able to issue binding rulings on disputes between the two sides, when they \"raise a question of interpretation of [European] Union law\". But the government's outline says it will not allow \"the EU's institutions, including the Court of Justice, to have any jurisdiction in the UK\". The ECJ does play a limited role in the withdrawal agreement, both in the special arrangements for Northern Ireland and in resolving any disputes over citizens' rights for the next few years. But a future trade deal is a different matter. Other issues Devising a dispute-resolution system that satisfies both sides will not be easy. It's not just about trade, it's about internal security co-operation and access to databases too. \"Where a partnership is based on concepts derived from European law,\" Michel Barnier said, \"obviously the ECJ should be able to continue to play its role in full\". The EU's mandate also says there should be \"automatic termination\" of law enforcement and judicial co-operation in criminal matters if the UK were to opt out of the European Convention on Human Rights. The bottom line for the UK? The ECJ and the EU's legal order \"must not constrain the autonomy of the UK's legal system in any way\". Timing So there are some big divides to be bridged. Both sides are accusing the other of moving the goalposts and backing away from commitments made in the non-binding political declaration. Many observers expect a serious row and a possible breakdown in the talks sooner rather than later. On the other hand, both the UK and the EU say they would settle for a free-trade agreement. The difficult part will be working out how to get there and how to implement it. It is also worth recalling the government's own internal analysis from November 2018 suggested a Canada-style deal would leave the economy 4.9% smaller after 15 years than if the UK had stayed in the EU. There is a long way to go in a short period of time. UPDATE: This piece was originally published on 4 February 2020 and updated when the UK and EU released their negotiating mandates. What claims do you want BBC Reality Check to investigate? Get in touch Read more from Reality Check Follow us on Twitter" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "\"We will enter these negotiations with the highest ambition because good old friends like the UK and us shouldn't settle for less,\" she told MEPs. But she said UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson would have to accept a \"level playing field\" on rules and standards. Mr Johnson has insisted the UK has \"no need\" to follow EU trade rules. When the UK left the EU at the end of January, little changed in its relationship with the bloc as a Withdrawal Agreement is in place until the end of 2020. The UK prime minister set out his preference this month for a deal similar to the EU-Canada trade agreement, but said if that did not work out then trade would have to be based on World Trade Organization rules. He was adamant there was \"no need\" for a free-trade deal to involve accepting EU rules on competition, subsidies, social protection or the environment. \"The question is whether we agree a trading relationship with the EU comparable to Canada's - or more like Australia's,\" he told an audience in Greenwich, London. The head of the Commission said the prime minister's Greenwich speech on free trade was \"music to our ears\", but she warned that an Australia-type deal, mentioned by Mr Johnson, did not exist. \"We are just in the moment of agreeing with Australia that we must end this situation.\" she said. What's the EU's message to the UK on Brexit? By Adam Fleming, BBC News, Strasbourg In the European Parliament Ursula von der Leyen pointed to the UK's existing high standards on climate change, maternity pay and the minimum wage. Might the predicted row over commitments to fair economic competition - \"the level playing field\" delivered via the infamous \"dynamic alignment\" with EU rules - end up being a red herring? Like the argument about the UK's financial obligations in the Brexit negotiations? It was left to Michel Barnier to deliver the home truths: the UK's desire to end the transition period this year has left too little time for the negotiations, there will be serious economic consequences if there's no trade deal at the end of them, and British financial services firms won't enjoy special treatment. Meanwhile MEPs are coming to terms with the post-Brexit world. Is the UK an old friend to be embraced or a threat to be neutralised? The reality is it's both and the EU will have to strike a balance. That's going to be the hard part. The UK's Foreign Secretary, Dominic Raab, visited Australia on a trade mission last week, days after insisting that there would be no alignment with EU rules under any post-Brexit deal. The EU's chief Brexit negotiator, Michel Barnier, went further than Ms von der Leyen, warning the UK to have \"no illusion\" about the future of its financial services sector, which makes up 6.9% of UK economic output. \"There will not be general, open-ended, ongoing equivalence in financial services,\" he said. The EU had long backed open and fair trade, as with its deals with Canada and Japan, the head of the Commission said. While she said the EU's aim of a \"zero-tariff, zero-quota trade relation for all goods\" with the UK was unique and unprecedented, she insisted it required guarantees of fair competition and the protection of social, environmental and consumer standards. Although the EU did not demand the same type of level playing field with Canada and Japan, it has long stressed that the UK is in a different position because of its \"geographic proximity and economic interdependence with the EU27\". The chair of the European Parliament's UK co-ordination group, David McAllister, told MEPs the EU had to protect the single market - the UK couldn't have the same rights as a member state and a level playing field for fair competition was a pre-condition for a free trade agreement. Croatian minister Nikolina Brnjac, representing the European Council, said that the EU's mandate could not spell out the final outcome as it had to leave space for negotiations. The future relationship should have ambitious provisions for the mobility of people, despite the end of the free movement of people." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Speaking at a news conference alongside Prime Minister Boris Johnson in Berlin, she stressed it would be up to the UK to offer a workable plan. The PM said he was \"more than happy\" with that \"blistering timetable\". He accepted the \"onus\" was on the UK, but said he believed there was \"ample scope\" for a new deal to be reached. In his first overseas visit to a fellow leader, Mr Johnson is meeting Mrs Merkel after he told the EU the backstop - which aims to prevent a hard Irish border after Brexit - must be ditched if a no-deal exit was to be avoided. He will meet French President Emmanuel Macron on Thursday, before attending the G7 summit on Saturday alongside other leaders including US President Donald Trump. The EU has repeatedly said the withdrawal deal negotiated by former PM Theresa May, which includes the backstop, cannot be renegotiated. And - despite Mrs Merkel's comments - that message was echoed by Mr Macron on Wednesday evening. \"Renegotiation of the terms currently proposed by the British is not an option that exists, and that has always been made clear by [EU] President Tusk,\" he told reporters in Paris. At the news conference, the German chancellor said a realistic alternative to the plan would require \"absolute clarity\" on the post-Brexit future relationship between the UK and the EU. \"The backstop has always been a fall-back option until this issue is solved,\" she said. \"It was said we will probably find a solution in two years. But we could also find one in the next 30 days, why not?\" Mr Johnson replied: \"You rightly say the onus is on us to produce those solutions, those ideas [...] and that is what we want to do. \"You have set a very blistering timetable of 30 days - if I understood you correctly, I am more than happy with that,\" he added. He added that alternatives to the backstop had not been \"actively proposed\" under his predecessor Theresa May - but he was pressed by Mrs Merkel to spell out what such alternatives might look like. The prime minister has insisted he wants the UK to leave the EU with a renegotiated withdrawal deal, but the UK must leave on 31 October \"do or die\". Please upgrade your browser Your guide to Brexit jargon If implemented, the backstop would see Northern Ireland staying aligned to some rules of the EU single market, should the UK and the EU not agree a trade deal after Brexit. It would also see the UK stay in a single customs territory with the EU, and align with current and future EU rules on competition and state aid. These arrangements would apply until both the EU and UK agreed they were no longer necessary. Brexit supporters fear this could leave the UK tied to the EU indefinitely. Mr Johnson called the backstop \"anti-democratic\" and \"unviable\". Should we be optimistic about the scope for a Brexit breakthrough after Angela Merkel suggested a solution to remove the need for the backstop could be found - possibly even within just 30 days? Boris Johnson will certainly be pleased the German chancellor has left a door open. But don't get carried away. There's a reason Europe is so adamant the backstop has to stay in the Brexit deal - it just doesn't believe there is a workable alternative available right now. Boris Johnson says it's his job to find a solution and accepted a deadline of 30 days to come up with one. The pressure is firmly on the UK to find that solution - and it's going to be a huge challenge to put it mildly. Meanwhile, Jeremy Corbyn has cancelled a trip to Ghana later this week, urging opposition MPs to meet urgently to discuss ways to prevent a no-deal Brexit. SNP Westminster leader Ian Blackford has confirmed he would attend the meeting next Tuesday, but warned the Labour leader that \"all options must be on the table\". Mr Corbyn has proposed that in order to prevent a no-deal exit, opposition MPs should help him defeat the government in a no-confidence motion and install him as a caretaker PM. If he wins the vote, he plans to delay Brexit, call a snap election and campaign for another referendum. But the Liberal Democrats, and some potential Tory allies opposed to a no-deal exit, have indicated they won't back a plan that leads to Mr Corbyn in No 10." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Ysgol St Baruc in Barry has no room to expand at its current site, Vale of Glamorgan council leaders said. Under the relocation plan, the school's capacity would double from 210 to 420 pupils, with 96 nursery places. Council leader John Thomas said Welsh-medium education was increasing in popularity and the authority had to respond. The current Ysgol St Baruc operates from a Victorian building and a two-classroom block built in the 1980s. The plans would see it move to a new building at Barry Waterfront. The council said there was no room for expansion at the current site, where the classrooms were too small for the number of pupils, according to the Local Democracy Reporting Service. It also has no catering facilities, so youngsters have their meals next door at High Street Primary School. Mr Thomas said: \"A new Welsh-medium primary school on the waterfront will remove the need for many pupils and parents to travel across the town to school each day. \"Alongside a remodelling of school catchment areas elsewhere in Barry this will lead to an increase in spaces at other schools.\" The new school building is dependent on funding from Welsh Government and approval of a business case. Council leaders have been in dispute with developers at the Waterfront over delays in building shops, cafes and restaurants which were supposed to be ready before the new housing was occupied." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Ardwyn, Grungrog, Oldford and Ysgol Maesydre nursery and infants schools will all shut from August. Welshpool's first Welsh medium primary school will be created at the current Ysgol Maesydre site to replace them. The council originally dropped plans for a Welsh school in the 1990s in the face of a large campaign. There was just one objection to the latest plan. A new English-medium Church in Wales school will also be built near Welshpool High School after the council's cabinet backed the recommendations in a report. The new schools will operate from the existing sites for the 2017-18 academic year." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Outlining its plans for coping with expected rises in 999 calls in the future, it said it believed two would be better for staff and patients. It would locate one of the emergency operation centres in Kent and the other on the Surrey/Sussex border. It said they would increase capacity and in turn staff numbers. More 999 calls The move would also bring it in line with the majority of other ambulance trusts around the country which have two emergency operation centres. Mark Bailey, a senior operations manager, said the current control rooms were very old. \"The buildings are not fit for purpose in terms of today's modern control room infrastructure requirement and we need to do something urgently to make sure that we can continue to provide our service in the future.\" Acting assistant director of clinical operations Sue Skelton said the operation centres had reached capacity, and the number of emergency calls had increased by 25% since 2007. \"With demand forecast to increase by 5% year-on-year, we can't afford to do nothing.\" She said the proposed changes would not have any impact on the way the service was delivered." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Liam Hughes, 22, and Jason Parker, 19, both of Coltsfield in Stansted, Essex, appeared before Stevenage magistrates. They are due before magistrates on 28 September where the case is expected to be sent to crown court for trial. A 22-year-old man who was also arrested was released without charge. The sundial sculpture, valued at up to £500,000, and the plinth were taken from the grounds of the foundation museum in Much Hadham. They were recovered by Hertfordshire Police following an appeal on BBC One's Crimewatch programme." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Mark Royden, from St Margaret's Street, Canterbury, also denies causing criminal damage to the case in which the document was kept. Salisbury Magistrates Court released him on bail and he was ordered not to enter Salisbury Cathedral or the nearby Cathedral Close. He is due to appear again at Salisbury Crown Court on 31 July. Mr Royden who used to live in Ilfracombe, Devon, represented himself and only spoke to enter his pleas and confirm his name, address, date of birth and his nationality - which he stated as English. Salisbury Cathedral's Magna Carta is one of four remaining copies of the original 1215 charter. Related Internet Links HM Courts Service" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Officers arrested two men after the incident in Gatley Avenue, Ewell, Surrey, on Saturday night. Surrey Police said a man who was hit with a baton round was taken to hospital with bruising to his stomach. Ch Supt Clive Davies said the force had referred itself to the Independent Office for Police Conduct (IOPC). A 42-year-old man was later charged. The East Surrey divisional commander said: \"Due to the deployment of the baton round, we immediately notified the Independent Office for Police Conduct (who attended last night in an assessment role), and commenced our post-incident procedure. \"Although the level of injury sustained does not meet the threshold for a mandatory referral, we have chosen to voluntarily refer this to the IOPC for their consideration as we are committed to ensuring our actions are transparent and fully accountable.\" He said public safety was a priority during the incident which led to road closures and the deployment of the police helicopter, dogs and armed police. Two men were taken into custody for questioning on suspicion of affray and racially aggravated public order. One man was released without charge. Damian Dolor, of Epsom, was charged with racially aggravated threatening behaviour under the Public Order Act and was remanded to appear before magistrates." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "On Wednesday it was announced surgery should stop at Leeds General Infirmary. Families in Yorkshire and the Humber region will instead have to travel to Newcastle or Liverpool for surgery. Council leaders at York, Kirklees, Wakefield, Bradford and Calderdale are backing Leeds City Council's appeal to the secretary of state for health. MPs of all parties in the region are also calling on the government to rethink the move. 'Disappointment, anger' An official review concluded Leeds General Infirmary should stop surgery so care could be concentrated at fewer, larger sites to improve standards. Campaigners fighting to keep it had held protests and gathered more than 600,000 signatures on a petition. The children's heart unit will remain open as it will be allowed to continue seeing patients for diagnosis, monitoring and non-surgical treatment. Leeds City Council said a motion confirming the authority's support for an appeal to the secretary of state would be put to the full council. A joint statement from the leaders of political parties at Leeds said: \"The outpouring of disappointment, anger and frustration at yesterday's decision is a clear signal that the unit is viewed as vital by people across the region.\" It added: \"We are totally committed to fighting this decision on behalf of the 14 million people living within a two hour drive of Leeds and will be referring it immediately to the secretary of state.\"" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "An email from NHS regional director Will Huxter asked specialist units to delay any planned operations to free up space for any possible emergencies. It revealed three children had to be taken out of the capital for treatment because there were no beds available. Medical Director Dr Mark Spencer said it was \"not unusual\" to cancel surgery. Seven hospitals across London provide paediatric intensive care with about 90 beds available for treatment. The note to the units from Mr Huxter, regional director of specialised commissioning (London), said: \"The demand for emergency beds over the last week has been increasing.\" While he admitted this \"is not unusual at this time of year\" he wrote that \"there have been periods where there have been no beds available\". \"I am therefore asking you to review the requirement to proceed with non-urgent elective operating lists... and to confirm all steps to reduce planned for intensive care\", the email said. BBC London correspondent Karl Mercer said the NHS in London would not be interviewed and one paediatrician was told he could not speak about the measures. In a statement, Dr Spencer from NHS England (London), said it was \"not unusual for hospitals to reduce planned surgery\" at busy times. \"This is to ensure that the sickest patients can receive the care they need when they need it most\", he said. Over half of the demand for intensive care beds is unplanned. The winter months normally sees admissions rise because there is an increase in respiratory infections, especially those under 12 months old. A national review of paediatric intensive care is currently under way. London hospitals which provide paediatric intensive care" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Lesley Dwyer of Medway Maritime Hospital said 120 - about 20% - of its beds were currently taken up by patients waiting to be discharged. \"Our winter plans cannot be based on opening more beds. There is no room.\" Ms Dwyer said the hospital was working to find beds in care homes in Sittingbourne or the Isle of Sheppey. \"These are people waiting for packages of care or waiting to be assessed on the safety of their house,\" she said. Ms Dwyer was appointed in May to deliver a recovery plan after Medway NHS Foundation Trust was put into special measures in July 2013 because of strong concerns about standards of care. In September, ambulances were diverted away from Medway Maritime after its A&E department was found to be unable to cope. Ms Dwyer said she hoped the trust would be out of special measures in about six months' time but did not expect a new Care Quality Commission report due in December to recommend it." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The UK inflation rate, as measured by the Consumer Prices Index (CPI), rose from 0.3% in May, official figures show. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) attributed the rise to higher air fares, fuel and consumer spending. Much of that was the result of European air travel, possibly connected to the Euro 2016 football tournament, it said. The inflation figures are based on data collected before the EU referendum vote on 23 June. The cost of flights jumped by a record 10.9% between May and June, ONS statistician Phil Gooding said. What is CPI? \"The growing cost of oil, feeding through to petrol prices, also helped to nudge up CPI,\" he added. City analysts expect inflation to rise sharply in the coming months as the fall in the pound relative to other currencies following the Brexit vote makes goods imported into the UK more expensive. The 0.5% annual increase in CPI matches that in March this year. It was last higher in November 2014. But this measurement of the cost of living has remained well below the Bank of England's 2% target for more than two years. 5% inflation? The weaker pound has also raised expectations that the Bank of England will look to cut interest rates in August to combat a possible slowdown in economic growth, as increased costs feed into the wider economy and impact on consumer spending and confidence. The Bank will release its quarterly inflation forecasts next month, which are expected to include an analysis of the impact of the UK's vote to leave the EU. But the cut in interest rates could be short-lived, as some economists have forecast inflation could peak as high as 5% next year. That might force the Bank to raise interest rates sharply in order to bring inflation back under control. Earlier this month Bank of England governor Mark Carney, giving evidence to the Treasury select committee, warned that homeowners should be prepared for a 3% rise in interest rates. Chris Williamson, chief economist at IHS Markit, said the rise in inflation was \"likely to be the start of a rising trend in prices as costs march higher in response to the recent slump in sterling.\" He added inflation was likely to rise further in coming months as the impact of sterling's depreciation feeds through, \"breaching the Bank of England 2% target next year, possibly by some margin\". However, policymakers are expected to 'look through' any rise in inflation caused by the Brexit-related slump in the pound, focusing instead on the job of shoring up economic growth, he said." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "It predicted that prices would have to rise 1% between 2016 and 2020. That is on top of an increase of 5% it expects to have to make as a result of general wage inflation. The Living Wage means that the minimum wage will be set at £7.20 an hour for over-25s from April 2016, which is forecast to rise to £9.35 in 2020. The prediction came with Next's half year results - pre-tax profits came in at £347m, up 7% from the same period of 2014. Earlier in the year, the company's shares fell after it issued a cautious sales outlook, predicting they would grow between 1.5% and 5.5%. In the first half, total Next group sales were up 2.7% compared with the same period of 2014. Budget changes On Wednesday, the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) published some research into how far the National Living Wage (NLW) would offset the cuts in benefits and tax credits announced in the 2015 Budget. It found that families with someone in paid employment that are eligible for benefits or tax credits would lose an average of £750 a year as a result of the changes. The IFS estimates that this group of 8.4 million working-age households will gain an average of £200 a year from the NLW. It says this is an optimistic estimate because it assumes that the NLW will have no effect on GDP, employment or the number of hours worked. Those averages also mask the differences in effects on different income groups. The IFS estimated that households in lower income groups would lose more as a result of the tax credit and benefit changes but gain less as a result of the NLW." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Its latest survey shows household spending dipped for the first time in four years last month with families \"starting to feel the squeeze\" as higher living costs eat into pay. \"Let's face it, we are skint,\" says commentator Justin Urquhart-Stewart. \"Our card's maxed out, nothing in the savings account, pockets emptied out and nothing down the back of the sofa.\" Visa said physical stores saw sales drop at their fastest pace for over five years in May, with sales down 5.3% year-on-year. In contrast, spending at hotels and restaurants rose at an annual rate of 3.3%. But even though so-called \"experiences\" spending rose, the figures suggest people are still being careful. Josh Beer, from the Illustrious Pub Company, in Cambridgeshire, said: \"More of our customers gravitated towards deals and offers in the past month, it feels as though they were biding their time, and cutting back until they became more confident in the economy.\" The Visa figures show overall spending was 08% lower than in 2016, the first fall since September 2013. Dilemma The findings chime with official data from the Office for National Statistics, which shows that wage growth is falling back while inflation is rising, causing a squeeze on household incomes as they fail to keep pace with shop prices. The latest official figures showed wage growth behind inflation for the first time since mid-2014, and the Bank of England has said it expects this to get worse. Average weekly earnings excluding bonuses increased by 2.1% in the three months to March, while inflation rose by 2.3% in the year to March 2017. \"Now is starts to hurt, with inflation above lower pay levels we will all start to feel poorer. As the consumer we have been the driver of the UK economic engine - and now you can hear it start to splutter,\" adds Mr Urquhart-Stewart, co-founder of fund manager Seven Investment Management. One of the chief reasons for inflation's rise is the steep fall in sterling since the UK voted to leave the European Union. It is now worth between 11-15% less against the euro and the dollar, making anything we buy with our weaker currency more expensive. That leaves shops with a dilemma, shred their often already paper-thin profit margins or raise prices." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "A Gift They'll Never Forget tells a touching story of the power of memory and remembering lost loved ones. It comes two years after creator Phil Beastall's Christmas film, Love is a Gift was watched more than 50m times online. Mr Beastall said he hopes the new film \"resonates after the year we've had\". The film shows a mother sending her son a video message to his phone in the future. The 34-year-old filmmaker, from Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire, said: \"Many people will have suffered the unfortunate and premature loss of loved ones. \"In our digital age, now's the time to be saving photos, videos, documents and anything of importance in a safe and secure space, before it's too late.\" Mr Beastall said the pandemic led to extra hurdles when it came to making his latest film in November. \"We faced more challenges than normal when trying to capture this film, due to Covid restrictions,\" he explained. \"We were also hit with another national lockdown not long before our first day of filming. \"However, James Whitehill, our producer, did a fantastic job in ensuring that everything stayed on track despite many last-minute changes that had to be made.\" Mr Beastall has said his films were inspired by the John Lewis Christmas adverts. After Love is a Gift went viral in November 2018, Mr Beastall set up a video production company with his partner. This led to him directing Lewis Capaldi's video for his single, Someone You Loved, starring Doctor Who actor Peter Capaldi. Made for You, his Christmas 2019 follow-up to After Love is a Gift was also a huge hit online. Mr Beastall is now head of film and video at smartphone app company Memories Group which commissioned A Gift They'll Never Forget." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Aardman Animations and Engine have made Creature Discomforts: Life in Lockdown for the Born Free Foundation. The film puts everyday conversations into the mouths of animals including an orang-utan, lemurs and an orca. Director Peter Peake said he hopes the \"endearing\" characters will help people relate to the cause. 'Heartbreaking' loneliness The film uses the format of Aardman's popular Creature Comforts series with dialogue from interviews on the subject of lockdown and living conditions recorded in Bristol, Manchester and London. The animals are not Aardman's usual claymation because of coronavirus restrictions, so the film is made in 2D. Mr Peake, who also designed the characters, said the team called on \"friends and family with interesting voices - people who won't shut up\". \"None of them are actors so what they say is coming from the heart. \"When we heard 89-year-old grandmother Doreen (the voice of the elephant in the circus) talking about being lonely, it was heartbreaking and we couldn't have scripted anything better than that.\" Another character, a mother lemur, is Mr Peake's friend Rosaria who had just moved with her young daughter to the UK from Rio, just before lockdown. \"She was an ideal candidate as she had left wonderful surroundings and was dropped into a really small flat with one window,\" he said. The Born Free Foundation hopes people watching the film will find empathy with the characters. Lion farming tackled Dr Chris Draper, head of animal welfare and captivity for Born Free, said: \"Many of us will have suffered the restrictions and inconvenience of lockdown. \"This (film) has given us just a brief insight into the frustrations and compromise that wild animals in captivity face for their entire lives.\" In 2019, Born Free and ENGINE released The Bitter Bond, a film to raise awareness of the lion farming in South Africa. It was viewed more than 11m times and attracted 250,000 petition signatures, resulting in the South African Tourism Services Association withdrawing support for any interactions between tourists and wild animals, such as lion cub petting." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Ken Benbow, who was married to Ada for 71 years, was moved to tears when his carer Kia Tobin, 17, surprised him with the thoughtful gift. The 94-year-old had been sleeping with a photograph of Ada by his bed at his Preston care home. His emotional reaction to the gift was captured on camera and the video has since gone viral. \"I'd lost my darling wife but I felt like I'd got her back,\" said Mr Benbow, who served in the navy during World War Two. Ms Tobin, who has moved into Thistleton Lodge Care Home amid the coronavirus pandemic, decided she wanted to surprise the 94-year-old, as she knew how much he missed his wife following her death in August 2019. \"In times like this, we're living in the house so we've had to pull together as a family because they haven't got their other family members to come and see them,\" she said. \"We all call him granddad,\" she added. Ms Tobin, who has worked at the care home since last year, has lived with her grandparents Linda and George Parkes since she was six years old. While they were touched by her sweet gesture, they said they were not surprised. \"She does give a lot of compassion for her age but I have to remember she's only 17,\" said Mrs Parkes. \"We're so proud of her.\"" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Rachel SchraerBBC Reality Check \"Every year Santa Claus and his team of elves and reindeer stay awake for days and nights so he can deliver presents to children all over the world for Christmas - but he could be putting his and their health at risk,\" they say. Duly noted. But for the rest of us - does the festive period disrupt our sleep, and should we be worried about it? Of course, we can't speak for everyone, but there are a few things that might make December one of the less restful months of the year. Alcohol In December there is a clear spike in alcohol sales in the UK. If you are socialising and drinking more than normal, you could find that your quality of sleep is compromised. It is not only late nights and fewer hours of sleep making you tired - after drinking, the hours of sleep you do get may be less refreshing. That is because alcohol changes the normal sleep cycle. A drink before bed is sometimes associated with helping you nod off, because people who have been drinking can find themselves falling into a deep sleep more quickly. However, in the second half of the night, research suggests alcohol makes sleep shallower and increases wakefulness. Your heart rate will remain higher and it may mean less time is spent in \"rapid eye movement\" or REM sleep - the time when we dream. That stage of sleep is thought to have a role in repairing the body as well as consolidating memories and emotional processing. So overall, you could wake up less refreshed on the same number of hours' sleep than you would have without alcohol in your system. You might also find yourself less able to deal with emotional or stressful situations the next day. Social jetlag There is a genetic element to whether you tend towards being a night owl or a morning lark. It is called a chronotype and refers to what time someone tends to want to sleep and wake. If there is a big difference between this - think of it as your biological time - and your social time (the hours you actually have to sleep and wake to fit in with your work or social schedule), you can develop social jetlag. Like jetlag when you travel, it can make you feel groggy and affect your health. And this effect can be exacerbated during busy times when social demands mean you are getting fewer hours of sleep during the week and sleeping in more at the weekends to compensate. Late chronotypes or night owls are likely to have the biggest differences in sleep timing between their work and free days, and so will suffer most from the affects of social jetlag. Researchers think people who have later chronotypes are more likely to use stimulants and alcohol, and are more likely to smoke. As well as increased social demands at this time of year, family commitments can mean nights spent not in your own bed, perhaps with too many people crammed under one roof. Anxiety At a time of year when many people are rushing to finish work projects before the holidays, anxiety can be heightened. Many of us also have social commitments, family and financial pressures piled on top. The link between anxiety disorders and problems sleeping is well documented. This is not to say that feeling anxious from time to time is the same as having an anxiety disorder - but some of the short-term impacts on your body can be the same. Struggling to sleep when anxious also can set up a bit of a vicious circle, since sleep-deprived people might find it harder to regulate their emotions. Seasonal effects Shorter days and fewer hours of sunlight can make us crave more sleep. But it is not always possible to accommodate more hours in our daily routines, which can lead to feeling more tired in the day. For some people, mild seasonal depression makes them feel more lethargic and have less energy. In more extreme cases, seasonal affective disorder - thought to affect about one in 15 people in the UK - can have a serious impact on people's lives. How worried should I be? If worrying about not getting enough sleep is, well, keeping you up at night - you can be reassured that short-term sleep disruption won't hurt you - as long as you are not operating heavy machinery. If you are feeling sleep deprived and planning on driving a car, you should exercise caution, but it is not going to damage your health long term. What do you want BBC Reality Check to investigate? Get in touch Read more from Reality Check Follow us on Twitter" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "How are you going to get all your shopping done before the big day? What's the four gift rule some people are talking about? What goes in a Christmas Eve box? When it comes to your tree is it best to buy real or fake? And how is Brexit going to affect our festive German markets? These are just some of the questions our news elves have answered from readers in Christmases gone by. What would you like to know? Use the form below and we could be in touch. Your contact info Please don't publish my name I am over 16 years old I accept the Terms of Service If you are reading this page on the BBC News app, you will need to visit the mobile version of the BBC website to submit your question on this topic." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Dr Tony Jewell backed Health Minister Edwina Hart's call for the assembly government to have powers over alcohol licensing. He said too many people in Wales still drank too much. But the UK government, which controls the regulations, said there were no plans to devolve alcohol licensing. Dr Jewell's annual report, to be published later this week, says 45% of adults report drinking more than is recommended every day. The report for 2008/09 says there were more than 16,000 referrals to treatment agencies for alcohol misuse. He told BBC Radio Wales that alcohol was \"extremely cheap\" compared to 30 years ago. He said: \"Prices have fallen dramatically since 1980. One of the most effective things we can do to control alcohol abuse is to increase pricing. 'Serious issues' \"We know that minimum pricing and increasing licensing powers has an effect of reducing binge drinking and reducing anti-social behaviour.\" He said a 40p minimum price would cost a moderate drinker 11p a week. In his report, Dr Jewell, said: \"I believe that the only way to really tackle this problem is for the assembly Government to have the necessary power to make changes to the controls on sale of alcohol in Wales.\" Phil Jones, landlord of the Open Hearth pub at Sebastopol, near Pontypool, Torfaen, said: \"Much of the emphasis is put on the trade to respond to the issues of binge drinking and that we should be responsible for the people\". Mr Jones said alcohol abuse was a social issue and bigger than the minimum price. He said that \"the people themselves actually consuming the alcohol need to be responsible for their own actions\". \"They don't seem to face any real consequences for their behaviour.\" 'Licensed premises' Dr Jewell responded to Mr Jones's comments by saying that promotions by supermarkets accounted for some \"preloading\" - people drinking at home prior to going out. He said licensed premises could benefit from minimum pricing because \"loss leading\" promotions in supermarkets were \"driving some of this abuse\". Dr Jewell added: \"Licensees are the people that suffer from this. We want people to drink in licensed premises.\" A Welsh Office spokesperson said the UK coalition government's programme \"makes clear our determination to overhaul the 24-hour licensing and tackle alcohol-fuelled crime and we are currently consulting on a range of measures to take this forward. \"It is essential that there is a joined-up approach to tackle these serious issues in England and Wales. \"We will continue to work with the Welsh Assembly Government as proposals are developed, however there are no plans to devolve alcohol licensing to Wales.\"" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Steven McKenzieBBC Scotland Highlands and Islands reporter Men in Ullapool took on fishermen from the USSR in the kick-about in 1984. The fishermen had to borrow boots for the game, which caused a storm in western media because of the heightened tensions between the East and West. The pictures taken by Frank Hempel, then a resident of East Germany, are on display at Ullapool Muesum. The images form part of a new exhibition recalling visits to Ullapool by \"klondykers\", factory ships that would anchor in Loch Broom to process mackerel. Dozens of klondykers from all over the world, including the former USSR, arrived in the loch between the 1970s and early 90s. Dubbed Scotland versus the Soviet Union, the game in 1984 saw the Eastern Bloc crewmen borrow boots from local people so they could play. It was condemned by the media in the UK, USA and Australia. Ullapool Museum said the match was seen as a threat to western society. Cold War events during 1984 included a collision between a US aircraft carrier and a Soviet nuclear submarine, and the USSR's boycott of the Olympics in Los Angeles. Noel Hawkins, one of the residents of Ullapool involved in setting up the exhibition, said it was the first and last time such a football game was played in the village because of the attention it gained. The idea for the exhibition followed a recent visit to the Highlands by Mr Hempel from Naumburg in Germany. During a trip on the tourist boat Summer Queen, Mr Hempel mentioned to Mr Hawkins, a crewman on the vessel, that he had been a teenager from Soviet East Germany on one of the klondykers. Mr Hawkins had worked as a ferryman in Ullapool delivering stores to the factory ships. Mr Hempel now visits Scotland every year with his wife Beate and daughter Lena. Ullapool Museum curator Helen Avenell has recorded the former klondyker talking about his earlier visits to the west Highland port. She said: \"As word spread that we were planning an exhibition about the klondykers, many people in the village that had worked with the ships and businesses supplying stores, personnel and ferrying came forward to share their recollections as well as pictures and memorabilia.\" The memorabilia includes a sealed bottle of Russian vodka that was brought ashore in the 1980s." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Dan RoanBBC sports editor It comes after Russia's detained opposition figure Alexei Navalny called for action to be taken against Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich and Alisher Usmanov, who has ties with Everton. The government said it was \"considering all options for further action\". Mr Navalny has been detained since 17 January, after returning to Moscow for the first time since he was poisoned last year. The UK has urged Russia to release him. The dissident has blamed the nerve agent attack that almost killed him on Russian President Vladimir Putin. The Kremlin denies involvement. An associate of Mr Navalny's has released a list of eight individuals drawn up by the opposition leader whom he says should face sanctions in order to put pressure on President Putin. Mr Abramovich, who bought Chelsea in 2003, and former Arsenal shareholder Mr Usmanov, who owns a company that sponsors Everton, and who has links with the club's majority shareholder, were both included. They were described in the list as being among \"key enablers and beneficiaries of Russian kleptocracy, with significant ties/assets in the West\". During an emergency debate in the House of Commons on Wednesday, Labour MP Dame Margaret Hodge said: \"The best way we can show our support for Alexei Navalny is not by words but by actions.\" \"Navalny himself has said he wants the international community to use sanctions against complicit Russian kleptocrats who live outside Russia. \"He has named Abramovich and Usmanov, both of whom have significant wealth, property and links to English football clubs. \"But on Facebook Navalny has said that the sanctions haven't worked, because the West has refrained from sanctioning the people with the money.\" Asked to comment, a spokesman for Mr Abramovich said there was \"no foundation\" to Mr Navalny's claims. Foreign Office Minister Wendy Morton said: \"We continue to work and protect human rights and civil society in Russia. We are considering all options for further action... it would be inappropriate for me to speculate on any future listings.\" The Liberal Democrats have urged the government to consider sanctions. Layla Moran, the party's foreign affairs spokesperson, said: \"Navalny's team have released a list of names drawn up by Navalny just days before his return and arrest, which included Abramovich and Usmanov.\" \"Both individuals were described as key enablers with significant ties and assets in the West.\" Representatives for Mr Usmanov declined to comment. Both men have always insisted their businesses are legitimate." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The works, which explore power and politics, will be part of a free exhibition at the Scottish Parliament from 4 October until 3 November. The majority of them come from the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh in the US. They include Warhol's Flash-November 22, 1963 screen prints about the assassination of US president John F Kennedy. Also featured will be a portrait of Scottish philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, who made his fortune in the US. 'Very recognisable' The exhibition coincides with activities at Holyrood showcasing Dunfermline-born Carnegie's international legacy and will be the first time the works have been displayed in Scotland. Eric Shiner, director of the Andy Warhol Museum, said the items would show the \"full gamut\" of the pop artist's life and work. \"Some are very recognisable while others will give the British public an opportunity to learn more about Warhol's approach to art and life,\" he said. \"We are delighted to be sharing some of our permanent collection. It may be the only opportunity some people in the UK will have to see an original Warhol.\" The event was made possible by an agreement made in the US by Holyrood Presiding Officer Tricia Marwick, the museum and the Carnegie Trust. 'International legacy' Ms Marwick, in Pittsburgh for the annual Scotland Week programme, said: \"It is a unique opportunity to view Warhol's works as they explore the role of power and politics in modern life, within the home of debate in Scotland, our parliament. \"As a graduate of Carnegie Mellon University, Andy Warhol benefited personally from Andrew Carnegie's legacy. \"It is therefore fitting that this exhibition will form part of a series of activities to mark Andrew Carnegie's international legacy at Holyrood.\" Carnegie UK Trust chairman Angus Hogg said: \"The focus of our festival of events will be on the emerging challenges of the 21st Century and the role of philanthropy in modern society.\"" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Charles HavilandBBC News, Colombo The country has not carried out a judicial execution since 1976 but has over 400 prisoners on death row. The authorities want to have an executioner ready in case hangings resume. But three recruits have now abandoned the job within a year after the previous hangman was promoted to become a prison guard. Commissioner-General of Prisons Chandrarathna Pallegama told the BBC that the new recruit - reported to be 40 and from the town of Anuradhapura - \"got shocked and afraid\" after seeing the gallows, which came after several days of training. He had written a letter saying he wanted to resign and had failed to report for training since Monday. Mr Pallegama said the man would be given one month to consider his decision. If there was no change, fresh applications would be called for through a government gazette. The last permanent hangman had also said the gallows made him nervous, and he felt he was lucky only to have done clerical work despite his job title. Two men were then recruited from among 176 applicants but quit the job last year after going on unauthorised leave, reports said. The man who has just resigned is reported to have been the third-placed applicant from that process. Any new execution in Sri Lanka would have to be authorised by President Mahinda Rajapaksa. Those on death row do not include former members of the Tamil Tigers (LTTE) or LTTE suspects." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Bernard, 40, was convicted of murder in 1999 when he was a teenager, and is the youngest offender to be executed by the federal government in nearly 70 years. Bernard told the family of the couple he killed he was sorry, before dying by lethal injection on Thursday. Four more executions are planned before the end of Donald Trump's presidency. If all five take place, Mr Trump will have overseen the most executions by a US president in more than a century. It would bring to 13 the total of federal executions since July. They break with an 130-year-old precedent of pausing executions amid a presidential transition. Joe Biden becomes president on 20 January. Condemned man's last words Bernard was pronounced dead at 21:27 local time on Thursday (02:27 GMT Friday) at a penitentiary in the city of Terre Haute. Before that he directed his last words to the victims' family, speaking calmly for more than three minutes. \"I'm sorry. That's the only words that I can say that completely capture how I feel now and how I felt that day,\" he said, according to the Associated Press. The execution was delayed for more than two hours after Bernard's lawyers asked in vain for the Supreme Court to halt it. What was Bernard convicted of? He was given the death penalty for his involvement in the murder of Todd and Stacie Bagley in June 1999. He was one of five teenagers accused of robbing the pair and forcing them into the boot of their car in Texas. They were shot as they lay in the boot by 19-year-old accomplice Christopher Vialva before Bernard set the car alight. Defence lawyers say both of the Bagleys probably died before the car was set on fire, and an independent investigator hired by the defence said Stacie had been \"medically dead\" before the fire. However, government testimony during the trial said that although Todd Bagley had died instantly, Stacie had had soot in her airway, signalling that she had died from smoke inhalation and not the gunshot wound. Bernard's lawyers say he feared what would happen to him if he refused to follow the orders of Vialva, who was executed in September. Others involved in the incident were given prison sentences as they were under 18 and classed as juveniles. Bernard's lawyers argued that he should be given life in prison without parole, as, throughout his time in jail, he maintained a good record and worked with outreach programmes to stop people from getting involved in crime. Who advocated for him? The federal prosecutor who defended Bernard's death sentence had called for Bernard to see out his sentence in prison. In an opinion piece published in the Indianapolis Star, Angela Moore wrote: \"Having learned so much since 2000 about the maturation of the human brain and having seen Brandon grow into a humble, remorseful adult fully capable of living peacefully in prison, how can we say he is among that tiny group of offenders who must be put to death?\" Five of the surviving nine jurors called for Mr Trump to commute Bernard's death sentence. Tens of thousands of other people urged the president to grant Bernard clemency, including senators Richard J Durbin and Cory Brooker. On Thursday, leading lawyers Allen Dershowitz and Ken Starr also joined his defence team. Reality television star Kim Kardashian West sent numerous tweets about Bernard's case to her followers in the run-up to the execution, urging them to get behind the cause and raise awareness. Ms Kardashian West is studying to be a lawyer in California and has previously helped sway criminal cases. In March she visited the White House with three women whose jail terms were cut by President Trump. How have the victims' families reacted? The families of Todd and Stacie Bagley both expressed gratitude to President Trump, Attorney General William Barr and other officials. Todd Bagley's family said it had been \"very difficult\" to wait 21 years for the sentence imposed \"on those who cruelly participated in the destruction of our children, to be finally completed\". \"The lives of family and friends were shattered and we all have grieved for 21 years waiting for justice to finally be served,\" the statement said. \"Thank you to all who were involved in this process of getting justice for Todd and Stacie.\" Stacie Bagley's family said their lives had been changed forever by the murders. They said Stacie still had the chance of survival until the car was set on fire. \"God will forgive us of our sins, but the consequences of our sin will always play out,\" the statement read. You may also be interested in:" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "It comes as Boris Johnson launches a review of sentencing of some dangerous and prolific offenders. He said dangerous criminals must be taken off the streets and punishments \"fit the crime\" if the public was to have confidence in the justice system. Lawyers said the new money did not make up for 10 years of \"relentless cuts\". The news fuels speculation ministers are preparing for a general election with a series of spending commitments and new initiatives. On Sunday the prime minister promised to create an extra 10,000 new prison places and expand stop-and-search powers. But Downing Street said it is not planning an early election. Announcing the sentencing review, Mr Johnson said: \"We have all seen examples of rapists and murderers let out too soon or people offending again as soon as they're released. \"This ends now. We want them caught, locked up, punished and properly rehabilitated.\" The review, which will begin immediately, will look at whether violent and sexual offenders are serving sentences that reflect the severity of their crimes. It will report back in the autumn. 'Protect the public' Under the current system, criminals sentenced to 12 months or more generally serve the first half of their time in prison and the second half \"on licence\" in the community, where they may be subject to recall. Dangerous offenders can be given extended sentences, which mean they must serve two-thirds before being eligible for parole. Justice secretary Robert Buckland said the review will focus on those violent, sexual and prolific offenders who are not currently given these extended sentences. He told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that Mr Johnson \"wants to see prison being used appropriately to protect the public\". But sentencing decisions should still be based on individual circumstances not \"targets or numbers\", Mr Buckland said. Opposition parties warned there was no easy fix for the current rise in violent crime. Liberal Democrat justice spokeswoman Wera Hobhouse said increasing prison sentences would merely \"overcrowd prisons and waste millions of pounds\". She said: \"For years, Labour and Tory ministers have made sentences longer and longer, without any evidence that they prevent crime. \"It may sound tough, but it hasn't made our communities any safer.\" The incentive of early release is seen by many as critical for keeping order in prisons. Sir David Latham, a former judge and chairman of the Parole Board for England and Wales, told BBC Radio 5 Live: \"Prisons are significantly overcrowded and the risks of violence in prisons have increased very substantially over the last few years.\" Last year saw record levels of assaults on prison staff as well as a rise in self-harm by inmates. Sir David said the way to ensure the safety of the public was by monitoring offenders after release with effective probation services. \"The essence of early release is that there should be proper control over that prisoner,\" he said. But he denied that sentencing needed to be tougher. \"Sentencing has in fact increased over the last 20 to 30 years quite substantially,\" Sir David said. Downing Street said the extra £85m for the CPS - which prosecutes criminal cases in England and Wales - will help staff respond to the rise in violent crime and an \"explosion of digital evidence\". Director of public prosecutions Max Hill QC said the money came at a \"crucial time\" for criminal justice. Mr Hill said: \"Our work is changing, and this new funding will provide the increased capacity to enable us to respond effectively to challenging trends we currently face.\" A spokesman from the CPS said the money would also help deal with the higher caseload they were anticipating as a result of Mr Johnson's plan to recruit 20,000 more police officers. 'Severely underfunded' In 2018-19 the CPS received £528m in government funding, but lawyers said the additional funding over two years was only a \"modest first step\". Chris Henley, chair of the Criminal Bar Association, said: \"The criminal justice system is severely underfunded, as a result of relentless cuts over the last 10 years.\" He said more money was needed for the prosecution system and the courts to \"restore public faith\", as increasingly \"those who commit crime walk free and the innocent risk being convicted\". Labour's shadow home secretary, Diane Abbott, accused the prime minister of \"clearing the ground\" for a general election rather than creating real solutions for the criminal justice system. She said: \"Anyone can promise tens of thousands of police officers, if you're not saying exactly how you're going to fund it. There's been a whole series of these promises and Boris doesn't explain how he will pay for it.\"" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Anglesey council had previously suggested that shutting schools with fewer than 120 pupils could help it achieve £9m of savings in three years. But a petition against the move has gathered more than 5,000 signatures and could now be debated in the Senedd. Anglesey council said it was \"no longer possible to safeguard education\". Islwyn Humphreys, who has been fighting to save Talwrn primary school on Anglesey, said the impact would be felt for years to come. \"It is going to have a tremendous effect on general life, and I have no doubt that the Welsh language will suffer,\" he said. In August, Anglesey AM Rhun ap Iorwerth accepted a petition from Llangefni primary school Bodffordd's parent-teacher association after the council approved plans to shut the village school. The council plans to move the school's pupils to a new 360-place 'super school' which will be shared with the town's Ysgol Corn Hir. But following a meeting of the Welsh assembly's petitions committee in Cardiff Bay on Tuesday, members asked for a full debate on the issue. Campaigners against school closures had hoped scheduled changes to the Welsh Government's school organisation code, which will allow councils to close smaller rural school only as a \"last resort\", would come to their rescue. Cymdeithas yr Iaith, which said it was \"dismayed\" at the council's plans, and other campaigners have consistently argued against rural school closures, citing the impact on the Welsh language and community life. Mr ap Iorwerth questioned whether the Welsh Government's changes are \"anything more than words without the resources to support it\". \"I'm very pleased that the Petitions Committee decided to ask for this petition and this important matter to be discussed at a full meeting of the National Assembly,\" he said. \"There are a number of key issues that need to be explored when it comes to the Assembly floor, not least what the petitioners asked for; whether Welsh Government is ensuring that local authorities the length and breadth of Wales are keeping to the code.\" An Anglesey council spokesperson said: \"We are continuing to comply with the current school organisation code. \"However, with significant cuts to local authority budgets, it is unfortunately no longer possible to safeguard education. \"The recent decisions to close a number of Anglesey primary schools were extremely difficult decisions, but we are confident that they were based on robust evidence and will benefit the county's education system as a whole.\"" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Arwyn JonesBBC Wales education correspondent A typical secondary school in Wales will be driven into deficits of more than £1m, the Association of School and College Leaders (ASCL) said. The Welsh government has sought to protect school budgets. It has increased education spending by 1% above the block grant that Wales receives from the UK government. Last week, Education Minister Huw Lewis told a conference of head teachers that the education budget had seen a cut of 10%. He also apologised for the Welsh government's decision to claw back £4.4m from this year's education budget in order to fund the NHS in Wales. ASCL Cymru Secretary Robin Hughes said there was a picture emerging across Wales of \"severe financial hardship for our schools\". \"It's a hardship that puts the recent record-breaking results that we've seen with GCSEs and A-levels this summer at risk,\" he said. \"Without the resources to maintain that progress, clearly, that progress is at risk.\" He said the budget cuts were happening alongside an increase in the costs schools must manage, including rising pension and National Insurance contributions. Mr Hughes added: \"It's not scaremongering to say that staffing levels will have to be looked at.\" Over the next few years, the Welsh government intends to introduce many far-reaching changes to the education system. Next year there will be new GCSEs in English, Welsh and double maths. There is also a review of the entire curriculum, due to report back in the new year. But Alun Llwyd, head teacher of Ysgol Dyffryn Ogwen in Bethesda, Gwynedd, and a member of the Welsh government's ministerial advisory board on education said: \"This is all happening at the same time as there are big developments nationally in terms of the curriculum, qualifications, GCSEs and A-levels, with all the training implications which come with that.\" Budget deficits The cuts to school budgets come at a time when the overall level of reserves held by schools in Wales are at their lowest level since at least 2001. Across Wales, the overall amount held in reserves by schools amounts to £60m, or of £132 per pupil. This is a decrease of 13.9% compared with the previous year. Sixty one secondary schools in Wales had negative reserves (i.e. deficits) totalling £13m. Plaid Cymru's education spokesman Simon Thomas AM said policies to improve the education system \"will not work unless adequate resources are put in place to implement them\". Angela Burns AM, the Welsh Conservatives' shadow education minister, added: \"In 2011, average per pupil funding in Wales was £600 less than in England, equating to hundreds of thousands of pounds less for Welsh secondary schools. \"Motivated by shame Labour ministers stopped collecting comparable data on average school underfunding, but the National Union of Teachers estimates the gap is widening.\" 'Increased expenditure' A Welsh government spokesperson said it remained committed to funding schools but it was facing a \"very challenging financial position\". \"Since 1999 local authority expenditure on education has increased from £1.4bn to over £2.6bn in 2014, an 86% uplift in cash terms and a 34% increase in real terms,\" the spokesperson added. \"Indeed, treasury figures released recently show that spending on education per head in Wales in 2013-14 was 8% higher than in England.\"" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "It follows a recommendation to close the Pantycelyn hall of residence indefinitely to make it \"fit for purpose\" in the future. Some 50 Welsh-speaking staff met to discuss the move. The university has insisted it is \"fully committed\" to providing designated Welsh-medium accommodation. But in a statement on Monday, the staff said the university was putting Welsh-medium teaching and administration jobs at risk, and could damage the ethos of the college towards the Welsh language and culture. They also raised concerns about the impact on student recruitment. It called on the college to: The move to close Pantycelyn was made by the college's finance committee in May after what officials described as \"lengthy, rigorous\" discussions. The committee said the building would still be used for Welsh-language services. It suggested alternative Welsh-medium accommodation could be made available on its Penglais campus from September. In an online statement released following the committee meeting reiterated its stance on Welsh-medium student accommodation. College officials said they appreciate \"the need for a community where the Welsh language is spoken every day\". \"Discussion have already taken place with representatives of the UMCA and Aberystwyth University Students Union on the provision of accommodation and communal spaces for the Welsh speaking community of students, should Pantycelyn not be available for the next academic year,\" they added. Pantycelyn has been the designated Welsh-speaking hall of residence since 1974, and prior to that was home to Prince Charles for a term in 1969. A decision on whether the hall will close will be considered by the university's council on 22 June." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Groups of students from Limavady Grammar School, Banbridge Academy and Cambridge House Grammar in Ballymena recently returned from northern Italy. Cambridge House has sent its pupils home for 14 days. The Public Health Agency said only those who had been to a quarantined town in Italy must self-isolate. In advice issued on Tuesday, the PHA said people who had travelled to other areas of northern Italy should only stay at home for 14 days if they developed a cough, fever or difficulty breathing. If people have recently travelled to affected areas and develop symptoms they should contact their GP by phone. Coronavirus, which was first detected in China, has now spread to 27 other countries, including the UK. About 80% of people infected with the virus develop mild symptoms but about 5% become critically ill, according to World Health Organisation (WHO) research. First Minister Arlene Foster said the risk of the virus spreading to Northern Ireland remains low. \"Obviously we've been keeping in touch with the health minister giving us regular updates in relation to these issues and, indeed, yesterday the education minister, because of what has happened in relation to the number of schools that had come back from Italy after their ski trips,\" she said. \"So we are keeping a very close eye in relation to the matter. The risk is still low.\" 'Robust measures' Dr Philip Veal, of the Public Health Agency, said no cases had been detected in Northern Ireland. \"We have in place robust measures to identify them, get them isolated and give advice to the individuals and to the wider public,\" he said. Dr Veal said anyone who displayed symptoms such as coughing, a fever or shortness of breath and who had travelled to affected countries should not panic, but should contact their GP. School ski trips A group of Year 10 pupils from Limavady Grammar School travelled to Marilleva in Italy for a skiing trip and flew home from an airport in Milan on Saturday. Pupils and staff who had been on the trip were sent home early from the school on Tuesday. In a message to parents and guardians on Tuesday afternoon, Limavady Grammar's principal said the \"current advice was to now advise all pupils and staff who travelled from Italy to self-isolate for 14 days (until 9 March)\". In a further update issued on Limavady Grammar's website on Tuesday evening it stated it would let all ski trip pupils return to school unless they have symptoms. The post states: \"This evening the PHA advice is to continue as normal unless staff or children present with a cough, a fever or have breathing difficulties.\" If this is the case, it adds: \"Children or staff may be required to self-isolate for 14 days if requested by their GP. If this is the case more information about self-isolation will be provided.\" In a letter sent to parents on Tuesday afternoon, Cambridge House Grammar was advising pupils who were on recent ski trip in northern Italy to self-isolate for 14 days. Banbridge Academy sent pupils who were on a recent ski trip in San Valentin home on Tuesday and issued public health advice to parents. Pupils from Our Lady and St Patrick's College Knock also returned from a ski trip in Trentino in Italy on Saturday evening. Principal Deborah McLaughlin said while the Trentino region is not in the lockdown area, it is in northern Italy and \"any student who was in northern Italy over the mid-term break and who displays any of the following symptoms (cough/fever/difficulty breathing) should contact his/her GP and refer also to the attached current guidance from the Public Health Agency NI\". What should I do if I have travelled recently? The PHA has advised anyone experiencing symptoms who have been to northern Italy (excluding Pisa, Florence and Rimini) or Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar since 19 February to self-isolate and contact their GP by phone. The same advice applies for those who are showing symptoms having been to China, Thailand, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Macau in the last 14 days. They have also been urged not to attend a surgery or hospital without phoning in advance. There is also guidance for those who have been to the Hubei Province (including Wuhan) in the last 14 days, or Iran, specific lockdown areas in northern Italy, or special care zones of South Korea since 19 February. They have been asked to return home, contact the special coronavirus helpline on 0300 200 7885 then: Updated guidance Northern Ireland's Health Minister Robin Swann said it was up to any school principal to decide whether to close a school, but he thought it unlikely schools would have to close on the basis of the latest guidance. The UK government has advised anyone returning from northern Italy to self-isolate if they show coronavirus symptoms. Health Secretary Matt Hancock said people with flu-like symptoms who have been north of Pisa are asked to stay at home for 14 days. The advice also applies to anyone who recently returned from Italy's quarantined towns even if they have no symptoms, he said. Italy has put 11 towns in Lombardy and Veneto into lockdown." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "One child at Eggbuckland Community College has returned a positive test, meaning all Year 8 pupils will have to self-isolate for 14 days. Three staff members and 24 pupils from Austin Farm Academy are also affected after another child contracted the virus. Public Health England (PHE) and the council are working with both schools. Eggbuckland said it found out late on Friday there was a confirmed Covid-19 case in its Year 8 bubble. All students from other year groups are being advised to attend school as normal on Monday, including siblings of Year 8 pupils, PHE said. The college said pupils from Year 8 would be allowed to return on 28 September if they showed no symptoms. Austin Farm Academy, which forms part of Eggbuckland College, also requires its \"appropriate bubble\" to isolate after discovering a case. Director of Public Health for Plymouth Ruth Harrell said: \"Parents and carers are being advised that if any of the students who are self-isolating begin to show the symptoms of coronavirus, they should arrange a test and all members of their households should also self-isolate.\" She added that while she \"appreciated the disruption\" caused by self-isolating, it was a \"vital measure\" in keeping pupils safe." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The latest positive results, which include a Douglas primary school pupil, were confirmed on Friday night. Howard Quayle said the virus had now \"spread beyond the immediate contacts of the previous cases\". It was still likely the latest cases were linked to two recent clusters and that \"may yet\" be confirmed, he added. A second lockdown was implemented on the island on Thursday after the identification of a new cluster of cases on Tuesday. It was the second travel-related cluster identified in recent days. The other emerged on New Year's Eve. The contact tracing process for both new cases is ongoing, but no direct link to those clusters has been found so far. Mr Quayle said: \"Regardless of whether we do identify the link, these cases indicate that the virus has spread beyond the immediate contacts of the previous cases into the wider community.\" The first positive result was found in a pupil from St Mary's Primary School in Douglas and was picked up during a routine screening test ahead of a medical procedure. All other students and staff at the school have been asked to isolate with their families as a precaution while close contacts of the child, who attended lessons on Tuesday and Wednesday, are identified. Those from the school identified as at-risk will be contacted by the government on Saturday, and those who are not will be free to leave isolation on Sunday. Education Minister Alex Allinson reassured parents of children attending the education hub at Henry Bloom Noble Primary School on Thursday and Friday that all 11 pupils from St Mary's who had also been there had been \"kept apart from any other children\". The second case was an individual who developed symptoms and was tested after contacting the Covid 111 service. Rapid testing was offered to all other members of both households and all results came back negative, however, both households are isolating. Why not follow BBC Isle of Man on Facebook and Twitter? You can also send story ideas to [email protected] Related Internet Links Isle of Man Government - Coronavirus" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "BBC TrendingWhat's popular and why But the reason why this baby picture of Leonardo DiCaprio with his parents has provoked a big reaction has nothing to do with the actor himself. Although it was posted online two days after this year's Oscars, the focus of the majority of comments has not been on DiCaprio's long-awaited Best Actor win. Instead the attention has been on his mother Irmelin and more specifically, her unshaved armpits. The photo, taken in 1976, was posted by the History in Pictures Facebook page and shows young Leo held aloft by Irmelin and George Dicaprio. It has been shared more than 12,000 times and has amassed more than 100,000 likes and other reactions. There have also been more than 6,000 comments, and many have expressed their disgust at what they regard as Irmelin's unacceptable underarm hair. However, this has produced a furious counter response from people who think the only shameful things on display were an ignorant prejudice against a woman's natural body hair and an oppressive attempt to police what women do with their bodies. Many accused Irmelin's critics of misplaced priorities and being ignorant to the fact that unshaven armpits were more commonplace at the time the photo was taken. Some have even posted pictures of their unshaven armpits in solidarity. Irmelin's reaction to the controversy is unknown. However, both she and her ex-husband - the DiCaprios divorced years ago - were both at the Oscars to see their son win for his performance in The Revenant. It's not the first time the topic of women's body hair has stirred a strong online reaction. In 2015, Chinese women's rights activist Xiao Meili launched an 'Armpit Hair Competition' encouraging women to take ownership of their bodies and challenging preconceived beauty stereotypes. So why is female body hair such a divisive issue? According to Emer O'Toole, author of the book 'Girls will be Girls' which deals extensively with the subject, and a self-declared 'hairy feminist' herself: \"We've been socially conditioned since birth to believe that women should not have visible body hair and that female body hair, as opposed to male body hair, is unhygienic and disgusting.\" O'Toole contends that, before World War One, fashions covered the underarms in public, which meant it wasn't a cosmetic consideration. She blames capitalism; specifically advertising campaigns by more than a dozen companies - after Gillette released the first women's razor in 1915 - which aimed to convince women that body hair was \"unsightly\". Follow BBC Trending on Facebook Join the conversation on this and other stories here. \"Fifty years later, they had been startlingly successful. To be feminine meant to be hairless, and female body hair was a site of derision and shame.\" O'Toole told BBC Trending. Blog by Alex Dackevych Next story: The funny side of Saudi Arabia Have you heard the latest Saudi joke? READ MORE You can follow BBC Trending on Twitter @BBCtrending, and find us on Facebook. All our stories are at bbc.com/trending." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Sullivan won with Breech!, a tender picture of his wife Virginia breastfeeding their daughter Edith. The judges said it reminded them of Madonna and Child portraits and showed \"the depth of the maternal bond\". \"For a portraitist, the BP award is the only gig in town - it's the most important thing,\" he told BBC News. Sullivan, who was born in Grimsby and lives in Suffolk, receives £30,000 and a gallery commission worth £5,000 at the National Portrait Gallery, London. He said he wanted to show the \"bond and connection\" between mother and daughter with Breech!. It is now going on show to the public as part of the gallery's annual exhibition of the shortlisted works, and Sullivan said his award meant even more to him knowing so many people would get to see his art. \"Hundreds of thousands of people see the show so it's wonderful from that point of view. From every angle it's great news.\" He came third in last year's competition, for a portrait of poet Hugo Williams and has overall been selected a record 13 times. 'Emotional connection' Broadcaster and judge Kirsty Wark said of Breech!: \"The woman is tired. She is in love. Her life has changed forever. We know her.\" The 40-year-old artist often paints family members, saying that \"the emotional connection between sitter and artist is at the root of all successful portraits\". \"I've done lots of paintings of Ginny, my wife, throughout our 10-year relationship so it felt normal to do this now in this situation, with our first child,\" he told BBC News. \"It was great to see that bond and connection between them so it was important to do from that point of view.\" Sullivan said he wanted the portrait to celebrate the new arrival, as well as mark the difficult time he and his wife had during the birth of Edith - who was a breech baby, as referred to in the title of the portrait. He added that it was a time when \"a sense of calm descended after the usual period of disarrangement that new parents face\". Sullivan told BBC News: \"I just wanted to do a painting of the two of them... the child gets a lot of comfort from the physical thing of breast-feeding. \"Talk to any midwife and they will tell you that getting young mothers to breast feed and feel confident in public and normalise it is really important.\" He said he had seen \"every kind of reaction to the work\", including negative, but those \"in the know\" - midwives and mothers with young babies - say, \"Oh my God, you've got it just so\". Breech! was painted over a four-to-five-week period in his studio \"when Edith's co-operation was forthcoming\". Thomas Ehretsmann was awarded second prize, and £10,000, for Double Portrait - showing his wife Caroline walking in a park when she was eight months pregnant. The judges said the portrait, painted with layers of semi-transparent acrylic paint, showed Caroline's \"sense of stillness, strength and serenity\". The third prize of £8,000 went to Antony Williams for his portrait of friend Emma Bruce, simply titled Emma, and the judges said his \"distinctive technique\" made the painting look \"almost sculptural\". The model has been sitting for Williams for 11 years at his studio in Chertsey, and he said he wanted to show her vulnerability and determination. New Zealand artist Henry Christian-Slane won the BP Young Artist Award of £7,000 for Gabi, showing his partner Gabi Lardies. The 26-year-old said he believes the painting - being of someone he knows so well - \"balances being analytical and instinctual\". The BP Portrait Award 2017 exhibition is at the National Portrait Gallery from 22 June to 24 September and admission is free. Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By News from Elsewhere......as found by BBC Monitoring Millions of women, including Hollywood celebrities like Jessica Biel and Demi Moore, have joined the campaign and shared their own photos on Instagram using the #ChallengeAccepted and #BlackAndWhiteChallenge hashtags. It's not clear if the campaign actually started in Turkey, but it gained prominence after Turkish social media users joined a \"women supporting women\" campaign to call for solidarity over femicide and violence against women in the country, where hundreds are killed every year. Comments by Turkey's president about potentially withdrawing from a Council of Europe convention on violence against women, dubbed the Istanbul Convention, have also added fuel to the campaign. 'Scared just because we are girls' Over 5.5m photos have been shared on Instagram bearing the #ChallengeAccepted hashtag. It's also spread to Facebook and Twitter. Some of the most popular actresses in Turkey, including Beren Saat, Hazal Kaya and Serenay Sarikaya, as well as prominent businesswomen such as Umit Boyner, took part in the campaign. \"We grow up from a young age being scared just because we are girls… I hate to be sacred that something may happen to me outside [or] from those closest to me,\" one user said, sharing her photo. \"In Turkey, everyday we wake up to the news of women who are murdered either by a spouse, boyfriend, stalker or complete stranger,\" another woman said. \"A black and white photo is followed by details of horrific news. Any of us could be that woman. That's why we accept the challenge until the Turkish government takes the required steps,\" she added. See also: Turkish women also used the hashtag #IstanbulSozlesmesiYasatir (The Istanbul Convention helps women stay alive), protesting potential government plans to withdraw from the agreement. \"A deeply conservative government has discouraged/strangled outcry, activism and awareness surrounding the issue,\" one Instagram post said. Turkish campaign picked by US celebrities Celebrities including Jessica Biel, Eva Green and Christina Aguilera voiced their support for the Turkish campaign, some even sharing the Turkish-language hashtag about the Istanbul Convention. Eva Green highlighted the recent death of 27-year-old female university student Pinar Gultekin, which recently prompted an outcry in Turkey. At least 474 women were killed in Turkey last year, according to the women's rights group Kadin Cinayetlerini Durduracagiz Platformu (We Will Stop Femicides Platform). Campaigners fear that number will rise further in 2020. While the government acknowledges the issue of violence against women, critics say existing laws that aim to protect women against male violence are not implemented effectively. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan recently called on his ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) to review Turkey's participation in the Istanbul Convention. \"Work on it and review it. If that's what the people want then remove it… Whatever the people say, that is what needs to be done,\" Erdogan was quoted as saying. His remarks came after some conservatives in Turkey criticised the Convention, claiming it aims to \"destroy the family structure\" and promote LGBT rights. Turkish Women's Associations' Federation President Canan Gullu told opposition Birgun newspaper that the Convention was \"the recipe for the salvation of women\". \"We will always fight for it,\" Gullu said. Reporting by Dilay Yalcin Next story: Ukraine offers remand cell upgrade - at a price" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Ten people died in Oklahoma City and its suburbs and three more in Missouri. Hundreds of people were injured, many of them on roads as they tried to flee tornadoes. Heavy rain has also left many areas flooded. Two weeks ago a massive tornado struck the Oklahoma City suburb of Moore, killing 24 people. The National Weather Service's Storm Prediction Centre warned that the severe weather was moving east on Sunday, threatening an area from Virginia to Maine with damaging winds and heavy downpours. 'Lifted off the road' The Oklahoma Corporation Commission said more than 91,000 homes and businesses were still without power on Saturday. Workers are trying to clear downed lines. Some 8in (20cm) of rain fell on the Oklahoma City area, causing flash flooding. A trailer park in Oklahoma City was among the areas evacuated. Governor Mary Fallin insisted: \"We're going to get through this.\" The storm struck in the rush hour on Friday night, with many people taking to the roads to try to get to safer areas. Terri Black, a teacher's assistant in Moore, told Associated Press she had tried to outrun a predicted tornado: \"It was chaos. People were going southbound in the northbound lanes. Everybody was running for their lives. \"My car was actually lifted off the road and then set back down.\" Two of those who died, a mother and her baby, were sucked out of their car when the largest tornado of the storm struck near the Oklahoma town of El Reno. The tornado ripped down the highway, overturning cars and lorries. Amy Elliott, a spokeswoman for the Oklahoma medical examiner's office, confirmed two children and seven adults had died in the state. Scott Holste, a spokesman for Missouri Governor Jay Nixon, said three people had died in flooding in that state. Violent winds overturned vehicles on Interstate 70 between St Louis and St Charles County. Mr Nixon toured affected areas and urged residents to avoid flooded regions. \"Missouri has been hit by several rounds of severe storms in the past few weeks,\" he said. \"Because many streams and rivers are overflowing their banks, we will need to stay vigilant in both monitoring and responding to flooding across the state as well. This remains a dangerous situation.\" In Iowa, Governor Terry Branstad issued a disaster proclamation for several flooded counties. A school in Gillespie, Illinois, had its roof torn off by a tornado packing 115mph (185km/h) winds. Meteorologists said the tornadoes were less severe than the one that struck Moore two weeks ago. That tornado - ranked as an EF5, the most powerful - destroyed some 1,200 homes. About 33,000 people were affected and the damage has been estimated at $2bn (£1.32bn). Oklahoma is in part of the US Midwest known as Tornado Alley. Some 1,200 tornadoes strike each year, though most are relatively small." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Officials say about five million people in Zhejiang province have been affected, with over one million evacuated to safe spaces. Lekima made landfall in the early hours of Saturday in Wenling, between Taiwan and China's financial capital Shanghai, packing strong winds and heavy rain. It was moving further north up the east coast on Sunday. Most of the deaths were in the city of Wenzhou where torrential downpours caused a landslide, state media said. The landslide occurred after a barrier lake - or natural dam - formed, pooling water from the heavy rains before collapsing. Emergency crews battled to save stranded motorists from floods and searched for survivors in the rubble of damaged buildings. In Zhejiang province, Lekima damaged crops and 34,000 houses. The direct economic loss amounts to 14.57 billion yuan (£1.7 billion), state media said. Footage on Sunday from state broadcaster CCTV showed rescue workers on boats in Linhai city where streets were completely submerged in water. Lekima has now passed over Shanghai and is expected to hit Shandong province later on Sunday. Shanghai evacuated some 250,000 residents. More than 3,200 flights have been cancelled due to the typhoon with Shanghai, Beijing and other cities grounding planes. Lekima is the ninth typhoon to hit China so far this year. Weather experts quoted by Xinhua news agency said it was among the top three strongest typhoons to have ever hit Zhejiang. It was initially given China's highest level of weather warning but was later downgraded to an \"orange\" level. Chinese weather forecasters said the storm, which had winds of 187km/h (116mph) when it made landfall, was moving north at 15km/h. It earlier passed Taiwan, skirting its northern tip and causing a handful of injuries and some property damage. Lekima is one of two typhoons in the western Pacific at the moment. Further east, Typhoon Krosa is spreading heavy rain across the Northern Mariana Islands and Guam. It is moving north-west and could strike Japan some time next week, forecasters said." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The blaze has killed at least 15 people, left thousands more homeless and forced mass evacuations. Ms Bachelet said they were putting \"all available resources at the disposal to deal with this tragedy\". Earlier, Chilean forestry officials said it could take more than 20 days to fully extinguish the remaining fires. Chile's forestry agency, Conaf, said firefighters were still battling residual wildfires, but it stressed that the situation was not \"out of control\". The forest fire started on Saturday in the hills surrounding Valparaiso, 110km (70 miles) west of the capital Santiago. Two phases President Bachelet said she wanted to express her and her government's solidarity \"to the people and family who've been affected\". \"We are putting all available resources at the disposal to deal with this tragedy, beginning with the evacuation, and then, in a second phase, the reconstruction (of the city),\" she announced, following a government meeting in Santiago. On Sunday, Ms Bachelet declared the areas destroyed by the fire a disaster zone. More than 10,000 residents in Valparaiso have been evacuated since Saturday, and some 2,000 homes have been destroyed. About 1,300 firefighters are battling the flames, using helicopters and planes to dump water on remaining hotspots. 'Help needed' On Monday, a forecast of cooler temperatures and higher humidity was expected to slow the fire's advance. Residents and volunteers worked to clear the debris left behind. \"The only thing we need is help, please, nothing else, because there's nothing left,\" a resident, Ana Maria Espinoza, told the Associated Press news agency. The Chilean Red Cross has appealed for donations, such as food and other basic supplies, to help those who were left homeless. Soldiers and volunteers have been helping to distribute aid, which has been flowing from all over Chile. The government said it would send 500 million Chilean pesos ($0.9m, £0.5m) to help the clean-up effort in Valparaiso, but promised more help would be given. This is the second emergency that President Bachelet has had to face in the first month of her second term in office, after an 8.2 magnitude earthquake hit the north of the country on 1 April." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "They have built a tiny taster which exploits the properties of gold and aluminium to test differences between the spirits. The technology can pick up on the subtler distinctions between the same whisky aged in different barrels. It can tell the the difference between whiskies aged for 12, 15 and 18 years. Engineers say the tongue \"tasted\" the differences with greater than 99% accuracy. Food safety testing Alasdair Clark, of the University of Glasgow's school of engineering, said: \"We call this an artificial tongue because it acts similarly to a human tongue - like us, it can't identify the individual chemicals which make coffee taste different to apple juice but it can easily tell the difference between these complex chemical mixtures. \"We're not the first researchers to make an artificial tongue, but we're the first to make a single artificial tongue that uses two different types of nanoscale metal 'tastebuds', which provides more information about the 'taste' of each sample and allows a faster and more accurate response.\" He said the tongue could be used to \"taste\" virtually any liquid - not just whisky. Dr Clark added: \"In addition to its obvious potential for use in identifying counterfeit alcohols, it could be used in food safety testing, quality control, security - really any area where a portable, reusable method of tasting would be useful.\" Whisky was poured over a chequerboard pattern of the two metals - which act as \"tastebuds\" - and researchers then measured how they absorbed light while submerged. Subtle differences which were highlighted on the artificial tongue allowed the team to identify different types of the spirit. The team used the tongue to sample a selection of whiskies from Glenfiddich, Glen Marnoch and Laphroaig. Research was conducted by engineers and chemists from the universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde. Their paper, titled 'Whisky tasting using a bimetallic nanoplasmonic tongue', is published in Nanoscale." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has awarded scientists $100,000 (£60,000) to create stronger, thinner condoms from the new \"wonder material\". The substance will be mixed with latex to produce a material which will encourage use by \"enhancing sensation\". Graphene, the thinnest, strongest material known, was first isolated at the University of Manchester in 2004. It has more often been linked to potentially revolutionising products such as smartphones and broadband. Its discovery won Manchester-based scientists Sir Andre Geim and Sir Kostya Novoselov the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2010. First 'everyday use' The charity has offered the Grand Challenges Explorations grant to the Manchester research team to develop new composite materials for condoms, which it wants to make more desirable in order to increase global usage. Dr Papa Salif Sow, senior program officer on the HIV team at the foundation, said a \"redesigned condom that overcomes inconvenience, fumbling or perceived loss of pleasure would be a powerful weapon in the fight against poverty\". Dr Aravind Vijayaraghavan, who will lead the researchers, said that since it was isolated, \"people have wondered when graphene will be used in our daily life\". \"Currently, people imagine using graphene in mobile phone screens, food packaging and chemical sensors. \"If this project is successful, we might have [an everyday] use which will literally touch our everyday life in the most intimate way.\" The National Graphene Institute at the University of Manchester is being established with a £23m grant from the European Regional Development Fund. The five-floor building is set to open in 2015, creating 100 jobs." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Vanessa BarfordBBC News Magazine It's difficult to go a week without inadvertently picking up a product bearing a royal coat of arms and a legend beginning \"By appointment...\" This is a royal warrant. It's a seal of approval from the Queen, the Duke of Edinburgh or Prince Charles. To get one, a company must have been doing business with the Royal Household for at least five years. There are currently about 850 warrant holders. Some are brands you might expect. Barbour. Hunter. Fortnum & Mason. The Ritz London. Waxed country jackets, wellington boots, a luxury department store and a pricey hotel. There's a glorious appropriateness to others. The firm that makes Angostura bitters has a warrant. Present in every bar worthy of the name, the bottles are distinctive for their yellow tops and oversize labels. It is the key ingredient in perhaps the world's simplest cocktail - pink gin. This distinctively British drink was a favourite in the messes of Royal Navy ships as officers tried to enjoy their downtime while fighting wars in tropical climes. With his background in the navy, it's easy to imagine Prince Philip enjoying one in his youth. Gin-makers Tanqueray Gordon & Co are on the list. The Queen Mother famously enjoyed a Dubonnet and gin, a habit reportedly inherited by her daughter. For salmon-fishing fan Prince Charles, who is often pictured wading in the River Dee in the leafy grounds of Balmoral, his favourite rod and tackle maker Hardy & Greys has one too. Other famously royal-associated brands include lingerie firm Rigby and Peller, which has had a warrant since 1960, and Paragon Fine China, which the Queen is said to favour at tea parties. There are also silversmiths and jewellers, champagne houses and wine merchants, wheelwrights and gun-makers, glove-makers, tailors and kilt-makers - the kind of luxury brands befitting of the head of state who resides in palaces and castles. But the Royal Family's shopping bag arguably includes the more mundane. High Street brands such as Carphone Warehouse, squash-makers Robinsons, cereal brand Kelloggs and drinks firm Bacardi are on the list. There's a supplier of baked beans (Heinz), of Tabasco sauce (McIlhenny) and two suppliers of treacle (Lyle's Golden Syrup and Tate & Lyle). Virtually every type of goods and service is covered by a royal warrant, from toothpaste to coal, brass to biscuits, perfume to pest control. There are paint and wallpaper manufacturers and suppliers, decorators and restorers for the Crown Estate. There are also technology firms, catwalk fashion lines, cyber security specialists and foreign-owned luxury car brands. \"Royal warrants don't just cover what the Royal Family needs, but what a business needs, so there are agricultural and engineering service suppliers, as well as the technology that supports a large business,\" says Richard Peck, secretary of the Royal Warrant Holders Association. Of course on one level, it could be argued royal warrants simply chart the changing tastes - albeit privileged ones - of the nation through the purchasing power of the Royal Family. Suppliers to the sovereign have been given recognition since the Middle Ages - initially in the form of a royal charter, the earliest of which was granted by Henry II to the Weavers' Company in 1155. One of the earliest recipients of a royal warrant was England's first printer, William Caxton, in 1476, but it was during Queen Victoria's reign - and the industrial revolution - that they flourished, says Peck. More than 1,000 were granted over 64 years. \"Recent royal warrants have embraced changes in technology. Environmental issues and sustainability have also become more important, with companies such as Green Fuels, which makes biodiesel out of waste cooking oil, coming on board,\" he says. But while royal warrants can be seen as a sign of the times, they also give a rare insight into the private lives of the Royal Family. Chocolatier Prestat was the last warrant holder to be appointed by the Queen Mother - who loved their chocolate mint fondants and violet cremes - in 1999. Nick Crean, who co-owns the company, says he was told by her former steward and page of the backstairs that she used to keep a box of chocolates by her chair, but didn't like the brown colour of the branding. \"We changed it to pink and blue, and that seemed to seal the deal,\" says Crean. Although the Queen Mother apparently had to convince the Lord Chamberlain - who approves the royal warrants - she still ate enough of their chocolates at the age of 99 for the firm to qualify. Gordon Bell, who runs a piano shop in Aberdeen and tunes the four pianos on the Balmoral Estate on an annual basis, says the pianos - which include a Broadwood grand given to the Queen on her Silver Jubilee in 1977 - are kept in pristine condition. \"There are usually dust covers on them, but they are played a lot in summer time. Sometimes the Queen is there, but not always. It's a great honour,\" he says. One royal warrant holder who has become accustomed to seeing the Queen is Roger Pope, provider of her spectacles. He takes a selection of frames to Buckingham Palace for her to try in front of her dresser. \"There are quite strict rules on what royal warrant holders can and can't say. But the Queen likes classic two-tone frames, and she has a rimless pair, which don't tend to dominate the face as much, which she wears on state occasions,\" he says. The Queen may have one of the most prestigious client lists in the world, but her requirements are fairly modest, says Pope. \"She doesn't have that many pairs of glasses, and they are far from the most expensive frames in the shop.\" You can follow the Magazine on Twitter and on Facebook" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The Palace Project Ltd - a not-for-profit company - started restoring the Palace Theatre on Union Street, in Plymouth, last year. After a year of work, the 1898-built listed theatre is finally watertight. In its heyday, acts including Charlie Chaplin, Laurel and Hardy and Morecambe and Wise trod the boards. The Victorian Society said the Palace Theatre had suffered years of misuse following its closure in 2006 as the Dance Academy nightclub, adding that it was one of the most endangered buildings in England. Water cascading Dave Welsh, a co-director of the Plymouth Palace Project Ltd and the building's lease owner, said they were now looking to raise up to £10m to refurbish the whole building and to buy its freehold. \"The vision is to turn this into a community theatre, where everybody can come, no matter whether it is an afternoon tea dance, or to come and see a show or a band,\" he said. \"Anything the community wants to get involved with, we'll try to make sure it gets put on.\" Mr Welsh hopes that the not-for-profit company will be able to attract funding from organisations such as English Heritage or from the National Lottery. He is also hoping to use social media to raise funds and attract volunteers to help with the project. \"We have lots of people coming onto the Facebook page we set up asking how they can get involved,\" Mr Welsh said. \"We had an old lady come in and say 'I'm no good at anything, but I can use a broom' and she carried on sweeping up, bless her, good as gold. That's the sort of thing, the community is coming to get behind it.\" Mr Welsh, who was convicted in 2009 of defrauding the NHS - a charge he has always denied - said he has been confronted about whether his past could affect the project. \"Someone said to me, 'what's going on, you're a criminal' and I said, 'ok, I'll resign, I'll walk away, you get somebody to take over my place and do the job' but nobody has stepped up to do it yet, so in the meantime, I'm still here, I'm still working,\" he said. \"Judge me by my results. The work is getting done.\" Mr Welsh admitted that when he walked through the door for the first time, he was hit by the size of the project. \"It was a bit daunting, a bit like a bomb site, everything was wet, everything was slippery,\" he said. \"Water was cascading through the building and there was rubble on the floor where people had moved in here and dozed, it was just like one big rubbish tip. \"It was a matter of looking at it and thinking: 'Right, can we do it? Yes, we can. Go and do it.\"" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The Regent Centre in Christchurch, Dorset, will reopen next month after closing in March due to the pandemic. Bosses said the impact of coronavirus meant the theatre would be operating at a loss \"for some time to come\". However, having already committed to the works, the charity decided to make the most of the enforced closure and continue with the revamp. 'State of dilapidation' The work, which began in June, was funded through a ticket levy - £1 from each ticket sold in the last three years has been set aside for the upgrade. General manager Matthew Vass-White said: \"We had been planning the project in the 12 months leading up to the closure. \"We had already commissioned bespoke seating and carpets which were well into manufacture when we were just starting to learn what Covid-19 was. \"The theatre was also in a state of dilapidation after 14 years of continuous use without any significant updating. So we needed to continue, if we were allowed to, in order not to lose any of the funding, but also to ensure that we had a theatre in the best shape possible when we reopened.\" The 90-year-old cinema has also been awarded £5,292 from the government's Culture Recovery Fund but Mr Vass-White said the cash would cover just half the protective equipment it needed when it reopens next month. He said the theatre would \"only get by on the generosity of customers\" buying tickets and making donations. He said: \"We're finding ourselves constantly adjusting our financial expectations of the market and adjusting how we react to them, sometimes almost daily, to protect the future of the Regent Centre.\"" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Councillors agreed on Tuesday to free up £455,000 towards the upgrade proposals for the town's Theatre Royal. Guild of Players spokesman Alan Henry said they were \"absolutely elated\" after a lot of \"false starts\". A request for planning permission has been submitted and it is hoped work could start early next year. Mr Henry said that if that was the case they aimed to have the overhaul completed by October 2014. The project would see the use of adjacent properties to provide better access and facilities. It is hoped the proposal would allow the creation of a specialised rehearsal area, a more welcoming foyer and enhanced bar and food facilities. Another aim of the theatre owners, the Guild of Players, is to expand youth involvement. A funding pledge from the Holywood Trust saved the 18th Century building from potential closure nearly two years ago. Director Karen Ward-Boyd said she was pleased the council had at last agreed to get behind the plans. \"The theatre has a really strong following in the community,\" she said. \"The days of spending millions of pounds on nice, new, shiny buildings and cultural centres which the council was talking about a few years ago we saw as unrealistic and unsustainable in this climate. \"We thought actually you would be better investing in an existing facility that has support. \"We are not the only ones backing it, there are lots of backers now and finally the council has come on board as well.\" The council's policy and resources committee agreed to release the funding for the project when it met on Tuesday. It had rejected a previous bid for the cash, preferring to explore the possibility of a new cultural centre for the town. However, it was agreed this week that investing the money in the Theatre Royal overhaul was the best way forward for the building constructed in 1792." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "In future it will be easier to vote by post, or if away from the island, to vote in advance of polling day. Changes could also see members of the Judicial Greffe go to people's homes to take their vote, if they register to do so in advance. States members spent a second day debating the changes. As part of the reform of the election law, politicians debated things such as how voters put their pieces of paper in the ballot box, what colour they should be and how it should be monitored. Constable Julliette Gallichan said going to people's homes would simplify things for people who previously found the postal voting scheme too complicated. However, it could mean the States of Jersey paying more money for staffing at election time. Those changes were eventually approved by 42 votes to five. Members also talked about ways to keep the ballot boxes secure - that went through with just one vote against. And they extended the amount of time available to take legal action in the event of disputes at an election - at the moment it must be done within six months, that has been extended to 12 months. They then voted on the whole bill, which was approved by 41 to four." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The Electoral Reform Bill 2011 was brought forward by member of the legislative council, David Callister. It recommends the island be divided into eight constituencies, each represented by three members of Keys and one legislative council member. There are currently 15 consistencies on the island, all with varying levels of political representation. The bill also proposes that members of the legislative council are directly elected by the public. Currently voting is restricted to members of the House of Keys. The committee looking into this matter includes MHK Brenda Cannell, MHK Phil Gawne, MHK Leonard Singer, MLC Phil Braidwood, MLC David Callister and MLC Alex Downie. More information can be found on the Tynwald website." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "All MPs were ordered back to Westminster this week after a period of being allowed to work from home. But concerns have been raised that those who are shielding for age or health reasons will be disenfranchised. These MPs will be allowed to speak in debates and plans to allow proxy voting will be announced next week. An online voting system, which was used on a handful of occasions, has been ditched in favour of them forming socially distanced queues to vote. Speaking at Prime Minister's Questions on Wednesday, Boris Johnson apologised \"to all those with particular difficulties because they're shielding or they're elderly\" adding \"they should be able to vote by proxy\". Individual MPs will not have to explain why they are not in Westminster under the new system, but in a letter to MPs Commons Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle said he envisaged four main categories eligible to work from home: He said MPs would not qualify for virtual participation simply because their regular travel arrangements were unavailable. Sir Lindsay emphasised that self-certifying MPs would be able to choose when to return to work, but \"it will not be acceptable to participate virtually in an urgent question and then participate in person in a debate\". It comes after many MPs criticised the government's plan to end virtual proceedings and return Parliament to its usual way of working. Many said this would disadvantage MPs who have underlying health conditions, who have been told under the government's advice to remain at home. The House of Lords has also announced plans to implement a hybrid system, combining virtual and physical proceedings. It says it expects most members to continue to participate via online working. The Lords authorities have made changes to the chamber to allow for social distancing, including \"improving ventilation and to minimise door handling\". The Lords will also implement an online voting system \"in the coming weeks\"." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Ryanair said the flight was leaving Leeds for Pisa, Italy, on Friday when there was a \"minor bird strike\". The plane was diverted to Manchester where it landed normally. Customers were transferred to a replacement aircraft which left later that day. Ryanair apologised for the diversion and delay, \"which was entirely beyond our control\". Collisions between birds and planes are a common occurrence in aviation, with thousands reported every year in the US alone. However, they rarely result in serious accidents or cause major damage to the aircraft. Follow BBC Yorkshire on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected] or send video here." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Loganair's BA Cityflyer flight to London City Airport left at 13:27 GMT but had to turn around over the Irish Sea and landed again at 13:57. Loganair said none of the 22 passengers or three crew on board the 50-seat Saab 2000 plane were injured. A Manx government spokesman said all passengers had \"disembarked safely\". He added that they would be \"updated regarding onward travel\". A spokesperson for Scottish airline Loganair said: \"Shortly after take-off the captain detected a fault with the outer panel of the left windscreen and, as a precaution, returned to Isle of Man Airport where the aircraft landed safely. \"As per procedure in such circumstances, the airport placed its emergency vehicles on standby and passengers were transferred onto an alternative service. Loganair would like to apologise for the inconvenience but reassure its customers that safety is our number one priority.\"" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The 6ft flightless bird, nicknamed Chris, was first spotted on farmland near Thriplow, Cambridgeshire, over the festive weekend. Despite efforts by police and others, the rhea evaded capture. Officers tweeted on Tuesday that \"Chris\" had been found and his real name was Eric. They added he had been returned safely to his owner. The rhea, a South American bird which can reach running speeds of up to 40mph (64km/h), had been spotted in a number of rural areas in the county including Foxton, Newton and Fowlmere. For more news from Cambridgeshire visit our live page South Cambridgeshire Police tweeted to say \"reports indicate that Chris Rhea is now Eric & has made it home for C'mas '17 safe n well\". \"Great news to hear he came to no harm and is safe where he belongs,\" they added. It is not yet known who caught the bird who where he had escaped from. However, while Eric appears to have made it home, Lawrence - another rhea who has been missing since August, has still not been found." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Richard BlackEnvironment correspondent, BBC News Commissioned by trade body RenewableUK, the Ipsos-Mori poll found that 43% see the UK subsidy as good value for money against 18% who do not. Another survey has also found a big majority in favour of renewable energy. The poll comes ahead of the Clean Energy Ministerial which will bring ministers from more than 20 nations to London to discuss low-carbon energy. Among various initiatives there, the UK and US are announcing a joint push to develop floating wind turbines. On Thursday, Prime Minister David Cameron will make what is being trailed as his first \"green\" speech since taking office on a pledge to lead the \"greenest government ever\". A recent opinion poll found that only 2% of the public believed the government was living up to that billing. Recent months have seen an escalation in the battle of words in and outside Westminster over wind power. In February, M100 MPs wrote to Mr Cameron asking that wind subsidies be slashed. Newspapers including the Daily Mail have run many articles criticising the technology, US property magnate Donald Trump is campaigning against it in Scotland, and last week saw the launch of a new anti-wind campaign group, National Opposition to Windfarms. But the public appears to be supportive of wind and other renewables. Earlier this month, Ipsos-Mori asked a representative sample of just over 1,000 adults to what extent they favoured wind power. Sixty-six per cent were either \"strongly in favour of\" or \"tended to favour\" the technology, against just 8% who were opposed. Two-thirds also found turbines' impact on the landscape acceptable. '2p per day' Clean energy development is subsidised through the Renewables Obligation, which obliges electricity companies to buy a certain amount of their electricity from renewable sources. The additional cost is passed onto the consumer. According to the regulator Ofgem, the cost of this in 2010-11 amounted to £15.15 per household per year. Just over half - £7.74 - was accounted for by wind power. Ipsos-Mori asked people \"to what extent do you consider this good or poor value for UK energy consumers?\" RenewableUK has just released the responses to this question - 43% thought it was either \"very good\" or \"fairly good\" value, against 18% who found it \"fairly poor\" or \"very poor\". Asked why they approved of wind power, a majority of respondents said it helps curb greenhouse gas emissions, helps tackle climate change, and contributes to the UK's energy security. \"The misleading refrain that wind energy is an expensive burden on the public was disproved by recent figures from Ofgem,\" said Maria McCaffery, Renewable UK's chief executive. \"In fact it adds just 2p per day per household to energy bills through the government's Renewables Obligation. Wind energy is a fantastic investment that brings broad benefits and the public knows it.\" Scottish power However, the price of building offshore wind farms is rising. Companies are constructing ever bigger turbines, which should prove more economic in the long run despite their higher initial costs; and are moving into locations where construction is more difficult, for example in deeper water. Ofgem calculations indicate that the £7.44 annual figure is likely to rise to £12.75 for 2012-13. Further endorsement for renewables came in another poll, this time by YouGov, commissioned by Friends of the Earth. The survey asked a representative sample of 2,884 UK adults which sources of energy they would most like to see providing more electricity in 10 years' time. Sixty-four per cent backed renewables - wind, wave, tidal and solar - while just two per cent wanted a gas-led supply. Support was higher in Scotland, where 88% wanted a future based on renewables. The Scottish government plans to generate all of its electricity from renewables by 2020; and with further capacity due to be added after that date, it is set to become a net exporter of electricity to England. Recent moves by the UK government, however, suggest an expansion of gas-fuelled generation, with generating companies assured that new and existing gas plants will not face limits on CO2 emissions until 2045. Details of Mr Cameron's speech are being kept under wraps, though Energy and Climate Change Minister Greg Barker has described it as \"a major policy intervention\". The government has revealed that the UK and US will sign a memorandum of understanding on the joint development of floating wind turbines. A number of prototypes have been built and tested, with Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden among the countries involved. In principle floating machines can access the higher wind speeds found further offshore, but many engineering issues remain to be resolved. The coming week will also see the launch of several reports on clean energy in the UK and globally. Follow Richard on Twitter" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Roger HarrabinBBC environment analyst Experts think one government motive for backing civilian nuclear power is to cross-subsidise the defence industry. They say nuclear power is so expensive that it should be scrapped in favour of much cheaper renewable energy. Others argue that nuclear still plays a key role in keeping on the lights, so the military aspect is not significant. But in evidence to MPs on the Business Select Committee, researchers from the University of Sussex said the government should be frank about the inter-dependence of the civilian nuclear programme and the nuclear defence industry. Supply chain Prof Andy Stirling from Sussex argues that one reason the government is willing to burden householders with the expense of nuclear energy is because it underpins the supply chain and skills base for firms such as Rolls Royce and Babcock that work on nuclear submarines. He said: “It is clear that the costs of maintaining nuclear submarine capabilities are insupportable without parallel consumer-funded civil nuclear infrastructures. “The accelerating competitiveness of renewable energy and declining viability of nuclear power are making this continuing dependency increasingly difficult to conceal.” Rolls Royce, which makes reactors for nuclear submarines, has been pressing the government to agree a fleet of small modular reactors for power generation in the UK. This civilian technology would be transferable to submarines. 'Persuasive' evidence A spokesperson for the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS) said: \"We believe having a diverse energy mix is the best way of ensuing energy security while allowing us to meet our climate commitments. \"Nuclear has an important role to play as we transition to a low-carbon economy, but as with any technology, it must represent good value for money for the taxpayer and consumer.\" A committee source told BBC News the researchers' evidence appeared persuasive and well-researched. The committee is expected to release the evidence in coming days as it prepares to discuss whether the UK really needs nuclear power for energy security. The debate has taken on greater significance as the true costs of nuclear power have been revealed. It was once forecast that nuclear energy would be too cheap to meter. But it's clear now that bill-payers will give price support to the Hinkley Point C nuclear station at a cost of £92.50 per megawatt hour, compared with the cheapest agreed future subsidy of £57.50 for offshore wind. Ministers expect that, before long, wind energy will operate without support. Prof Stirling says the issue of nuclear inter-dependence is addressed openly in the US. In 2017, the former US Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz (a nuclear scientist) said: “A strong domestic (nuclear) supply chain is needed to provide for Navy requirements. This has a very strong overlap with commercial nuclear energy.” Prof Stirling told BBC News: \"We need this sort of transparency in the UK.\" Catch-22 But the government faces a Catch-22 situation on this issue. If it continues to decline to admit the inter-dependence of civil and military nuclear, it will stand accused of hiding a self-evident truth. But if it accepts that decisions on nuclear power are influenced with half an eye on manufacturing jobs and nuclear deterrent, it will face resistance from consumer groups unwilling to cross-subsidise submarines. The MPs’ hearing is timely, as the government will shortly publish an energy white paper outlining how the UK will supply electricity in a zero carbon economy. Follow Roger on Twitter." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Will Germany's decision lead to an international debate for more renewable sources of energy, or is this an internal German development, unlikely to have an impact elsewhere? Here, speaking to the BBC World Service, British nuclear power advocate Malcolm Grimston argues about the impact with green energy campaigner Jeremy Leggett. Malcolm Grimston, Chatham House research fellow in nuclear issues, and adviser to the UK government on nuclear policy This is not necessarily damaging for the nuclear industry. I think this will create new export opportunities for the French nuclear industry in Germany. The Czech Republic will be another source of the replacement imports. Most of that will be as a result of coal but the Czech Republic itself has a vigorous new nuclear programme. So this does create a new market for nuclear electricity and, as long as that is what has happened, then the environment will not be damaged. I think the real concern is that last year we had more carbon dioxide emissions than ever before. To have a major European economy inevitably saddling itself with more greenhouse gas emissions - the German Greens are openly talking about building more gas-powered plants and supporting the new coal-fired plants that are being brought online - is, I think, going to be a tragedy for the environment, and I don't think it's going to be good for the German economy. There is plenty of time for the Germans to reverse their decision. We have seen many flip-flops in German opinion already. The economy there is already very severely crippled by its enormous renewable subsidies and, of course, in hot weather the wind farms tend not to work at all. In Germany they had about 1.5% output for three weeks in 2003 because of the heat. Having said that, I hope we can get further with renewables and with energy efficiency. Energy efficiency tends not to cut energy use, it boosts economic output. These are all things we have to approach but to be closing down nuclear plants rather than coal plants is, I think, just environmental vandalism. Jeremy Leggett, green energy campaigner and owner of a renewable energy company I think the German decision is a very encouraging development and I would be very bullish about what will happen in the train of it. On the subject of French nuclear electricity, Electricite de France have already warned that this summer most of their nuclear power plants, the ones inland, are going to be stressed because we have had such a dry spring. The rivers are low, there is not enough cooling water, so they have put on watch the coastal reactors that will not be able to have scheduled maintenance. And they have flagged that they may be needing to import electricity from other countries as a result of the innate weaknesses of the French nuclear plants. Another factor is that there is a review going on of all the nuclear plants in France. They are going to be looking in detail at the safety and reliability aspects of those plants and who knows what they are going to find when we look under those carpets? In America right now, the nuclear regulatory authority is going through the same exercise. They have found problems in every plant they have looked at. So this is an ailing industry. I think, in the wake of the German decision, we will see the renewable energy and energy efficiency industries showing what they are capable of. In the long run, nuclear power does not really help that much with greenhouse gas emissions. The way you deal with that problem is by accelerating energy efficiency and renewables, and that is what this decision is going to do. Japan is shutting down 38 nuclear reactors. I have just come back from there. It is pretty dim at night. They are turning down the lights, they are trying to stave off these rolling power cuts they would have to have because so many plants are being shut down. But they are finding in many areas that they do not need the rolling power cuts because when people turn their minds to energy efficiency, they can do incredible things." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The owl was spotted and photographed on the Castleward estate in Strangford, which is run by the National Trust. Tawny owls are not native to Ireland and the discovery has caused great excitement among local bird watchers. No private collectors have reported a missing tawny owl and experts believe it is a wild bird that was possibly blown off course during recent storms. The picture was taken earlier this week by wildlife photographer Craig Nash, who went to the estate to look for the bird at the request of the Castleward property manager, David Thompson. Mr Thompson had contacted the photographer for a second opinion, after he and others heard what they believed to be the call of a tawny owl near the estate's sunken garden. In his online blog, Mr Nash wrote: \"I heard it almost immediately I got there and tried to find the exact tree it was calling from. I was helped by three blackbirds, a mistle thrush and a song thrush, all who were mobbing the bird deep in some bushes. \"I still couldn't see it when, all of a sudden, I looked at my level rather than in the tree tops and - bingo - there it was, one beautiful tawny owl.\" Since then, bird watchers have been flocking to Castleward to catch a glimpse of the rare bird. Many made the journey after learning of the discovery on Twitter. Mr Thompson told BBC Radio Ulster's Your Place and Mine programme: \"Credit goes to a lot of people over these last four to six weeks saying 'what is that calling?'\" The Castleward property manager added that after weeks of confusion, and more and more people asking the same question, they decided to get an expert opinion from Mr Nash. Mr Thompson added: \"We're pretty sure it's been here for at least four weeks, maybe longer than that, which would then click in with those easterly winds that we've all suffered from.\" He said the winds, during a spate of extremely cold weather in March, would \"carry a bird that was perhaps not intent on coming from the east to the west towards here in Ireland, it may well have carried it off route\"." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Mark Lawlor, the island's bird recorder, was with his daughter at L'Eree Shingle Bank when he saw the Bonaparte's gull. The bird is thought to have crossed the Atlantic after getting caught in a weather front. An ornithologist at the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), said it was \"an incredible find for the lucky finder\". Mr Lawlor said he saw the gull at about midday on Monday. \"I stopped for a quick scan with my binoculars to see if anything unusual had arrived on the island in the cold weather,\" he said. Mr Lawlor, whose job as a bird recorder for the Société Guernesiaise includes collating and verifying bird sightings, said he saw the small gull on the shoreline and \"had a feeling\" it looked slightly different to a common black-headed gull. He added: \"I noticed pale pink legs and it flapped its wing to reveal a pale underwing, which are all features of Bonaparte's gull. \"As recorder I know which species have and haven't been seen before on the island so I knew this was something new. \"Of course finding a new species for the island was pretty exciting for me.\" Paul Stancliffe, from BTO, said the Bonaparte's gull was an \"annual rare visitor\" to the UK with a handful of sightings recorded each year. \"Right now the Guernsey bird is the only Bonaparte's gull in the UK and is indeed the first for the island,\" he said. \"Bonaparte's gulls breed in northern North America and winter in southern North America, as far south as Mexico - this bird will have got caught up in a weather front that tracked across the Atlantic as it was making its journey south.\" Follow BBC Guernsey on Twitter and Facebook. Send your story ideas to [email protected]. Related Internet Links BTO BirdFacts - Bonaparte’s Gull Ornithology section – La Societe Guernesiaise" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The 6ft flightless bird, nicknamed Chris, was first spotted on farmland near Thriplow, Cambridgeshire, over the festive weekend. Despite efforts by police and others, the rhea evaded capture. Officers tweeted on Tuesday that \"Chris\" had been found and his real name was Eric. They added he had been returned safely to his owner. The rhea, a South American bird which can reach running speeds of up to 40mph (64km/h), had been spotted in a number of rural areas in the county including Foxton, Newton and Fowlmere. For more news from Cambridgeshire visit our live page South Cambridgeshire Police tweeted to say \"reports indicate that Chris Rhea is now Eric & has made it home for C'mas '17 safe n well\". \"Great news to hear he came to no harm and is safe where he belongs,\" they added. It is not yet known who caught the bird who where he had escaped from. However, while Eric appears to have made it home, Lawrence - another rhea who has been missing since August, has still not been found." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Matthew Page also kicked and punched Mary Page, 68, when he set upon her after a row about her drinking. He went to bed after the attack, according to a police statement on Monday, before confessing to his brother the following day. At Wolverhampton Crown Court earlier, Page was jailed for six years and eight months. He had admitted manslaughter by way of diminished responsibility. The court heard Page had an autism spectrum disorder, likely Asperger's, which was not diagnosed until after his arrest. It meant, the hearing was told, he acted in \"extremely restrictive\" patterns and change caused him \"distress\". Mrs Page had problems with alcohol and her mental health, the court heard, and her issues had become a source of tension for her 40-year-old son. He attacked her at the pair's shared home on St James Street, Bilston, Wolverhampton, in January. Peter Grieves-Smith, prosecuting, said Page had attempted to stop his mother drinking, but she continued, which had \"irritated\" him, adding Page struggled with the way her \"behaviour impacted on his life\". Barricaded in bedroom On the night of her death, Page returned from work and saw signs she had been drinking. She was in her bedroom, from where she told him not to enter as she was drunk, barricading herself inside using a bedside cabinet. The court heard he decided to enter because she had previously made suicide attempts, and there she was found intoxicated. \"Losing control\", Mr Grieves-Smith said, Page kicked her, then punched her, and struck her with the cabinet's door so hard it broke. Page then cleaned up his mother's blood, later telling police it was to protect his brother from seeing the scene. He then placed her in bed, wrapping a towel around her wounds. The next day, he confessed to his brother and asked to be taken to a police station. Adam Kane, for Page, said he was \"shrivelled by guilt and remorse\". Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, on Twitter, and sign up for local news updates direct to your phone." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Kane Mitchell, 31, killed Teddie Mitchell in the flat he shared with the boy's mother, Lucci Smith, 29, in St Neots, Cambridgeshire, in 2019. Teddie's head was violently struck against a hard surface, a judge said, while sentencing Mitchell to a minimum 18-year term for murder. At Cambridge Crown Court Smith was also sentenced for cruelty to a child. The trial heard that while Mitchell was not Teddie's father, the pair raised him as if he was. Mr Justice Knowles said that on 1 November 2019 Teddie was \"fatally assaulted\" by Mitchell while they were alone together, and died in hospital 10 days later. The court heard Teddie suffered 17 rib fractures; fractures to his right collarbone; a fatal skull fracture; and brain, spinal and eye injuries. The judge said the rib and collarbone fractures were caused by \"grabbing Teddie and squeezing him\", while the assault also included the \"violent striking... of Teddie's head against a hard or unyielding surface\". The prosecution accepted there was a lack of premeditation. The court was told there had been an earlier assault, in which Teddie suffered fractures. Alongside murder, Mitchell was also found guilty of causing or allowing serious harm to a child. The trial heard on 1 November Smith was urged to \"call an ambulance immediately\" at about 14:30 GMT but did not dial 999 for more than 30 minutes. Mr Justice Knowles said a call to a GP surgery in which Teddie can be heard \"revealed how seriously he was suffering\". But he added: \"Her failure to obtain earlier medical help could not have saved Teddie. It could have spared him some pain and suffering.\" Smith called Teddie a \"perfect little baby\" when giving evidence at her trial. The court heard she had spent 131 days on remand and the judge said \"there is remorse\". He told Smith he \"need not add to the period of custody you have already undertaken\" and gave her a two-year community order with a programme activity requirement. After the trial, Cambridgeshire County Council confirmed the case was subject to a local child safeguarding practice review. Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Jean-Francois Perreault, 40, and Imran Zafar Syed, 38, were arrested on 18 July before the Air Transat flight from Glasgow to Toronto was due to take off. Both men were suspended by Air Transat after their arrests last year. At Paisley Sheriff Court, the pair were released on bail ahead of a hearing in April. The charge stated that Mr Perreault had 32 milligrams of alcohol in 100ml of blood, while Mr Syed had 49 milligrams in 100ml of blood. The blood alcohol limit for flying is set at 20 milligrams. Both men also denied a charge relating to acting in a threatening and abusive manner and getting into a fight at the Hilton hotel the same day." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Maggie TaggartBBC News NI Education Correspondent Mr O'Dowd has admitted he has failed to convince unionist parties to accept the Education and Skills Authority (ESA). The body was first proposed in 2007 but missed a series of deadlines. This new body would simply be a larger version of the current boards, with the same powers. Controversial elements Plans for a single education authority with greater powers than the current boards ran into problems over the question of who would represent controlled schools attended mostly by Protestants, and whether voluntary grammar schools would lose some of their autonomy. After seven years and £17m spent preparing for ESA, the minister has given up hope of getting the necessary political approval. However, he needs to put in place some changes by next April to keep in line with the new district council boundaries. The paper will have to be approved by the Stormont Executive, but Mr O'Dowd will be hoping that he has removed enough of the controversial elements to win agreement. The chairman of Stormont's education committee, Mervyn Storey, said he would wait to see the paper presented to the executive before deciding whether to support it." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The Durand Academy Trust (DAT) runs an infant and junior school in Stockwell, south London, and a boarding school for older pupils in Midhurst, West Sussex. The EFA said it had serious concerns about the financial management and governance of the trust. The Durand Academy said it would fight the decision. Durand Academy, which has more than 1,000 pupils at its three sites, received £17m from the government to set up the school for weekly boarders in 2014. In a letter to former executive head teacher Sir Greg Martin, who chairs the governors, EFA chief executive Peter Lauener said there had been \"repeated and significant\" breaches of the terms of the funding agreement. The letter, dated 11 October, said the academy trust had failed to comply with six out of eight requirements set out by the EFA. It says £2m of public money transferred to the Durand Education Trust has not yet been repaid to the Durand Academy Trust despite a request made by the government funding agency in February 2015. The letter also questions why the academy has been charged for the use of a leisure centre, on one of its own sites, by its pupils. 'Serious concerns' Academies Minister Lord Nash said: \"Following much consideration, we have advised Durand Academy Trust that we are planning to proceed with the termination of the trust's funding agreement. \"A provisional notice of termination was issued to the trust on 4 July because of serious concerns about financial management and governance. \"That notice set out a number of requirements. \"The trust has failed or refused to comply with six of the eight requirements we set out to address our concerns. \"This is not a decision we have taken lightly, but it has been done to safeguard the future education of Durand's pupils and to ensure public money and public assets intended for the education of children are managed effectively\". Analysis by BBC education editor Branwen Jeffreys It was one of then Education Secretary Michael Gove's favourite schools; a reason, he said, to be optimistic. The founder, Sir Greg Martin, was knighted for services to education in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 2013. But the Durand Academy Trust has been dogged by controversy because of the complex financial structures created around it. It was the appearance of Sir Greg before the Public Accounts Committee that propelled the school into the headlines. He faced questions about additional payments and a dating service registered to the school address. The MPs also challenged the transfer of the ownership of school land into the separate Durand Education Trust, which runs a leisure centre on it. Two years on and those unconventional arrangements are at the heart of the decision to terminate the funding agreement. The Education Funding Agency's decision will also revive the debate about whether the Department for Education really has a grip on the finances of academies. However, the academy said the EFA had been waging a campaign against it for a number of years, and said the campaign had been \"characterised by misrepresentation, half truths and inaccuracies\". Read full statement from Durand Academy It said it had complained to the education secretary about the EFA, but had been ignored. It said a self-governing academy had the right to \"make a profit and surpluses for the benefit of the children in its care and to use this profit and surpluses as it sees fit to improve the facilities on offer to its children and their local community\". And it said an independent financial audit had uncovered no financial wrongdoing. Shadow schools minister Mike Kane said: \"This is an extremely concerning case, which further exposes the Tories' failure to properly oversee academy schools and make sure taxpayers' money is being spent where it should be. \"The Tories need to get a grip of the academy system as it stands, rather than make the problem any bigger by adding more schools and academy trusts. \"It's clear what we need - good teachers in good schools, but every day that goes by shows the Tories can't deliver the change we need.\" In April, the National Audit Office criticised the Department for Education for failing to properly account for the spending of academies in general. It said there was a level of \"mis-statement and uncertainty\" that meant the truth and fairness of accounts could not be verified." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Robbie MeredithBBC News NI Education Correspondent It is one of the key features of a draft settlement between teaching unions and teaching employers. However, it is understood reforms to school inspections as part of the settlement have yet to be agreed. In a statement to BBC News NI, the Department of Education (DE) said it did not comment on leaked documents. The department has also previously said that it would have to seek extra funding to meet any agreed pay award. Four of the five teaching unions have been in a dispute over pay and workload with the department. Many of their members have also been refusing to co-operate with school inspections since 2017. Negotiations have been taking place between the unions and the employers - including representatives from the Department of Education and the Education Authority (EA) - for a number of months to try to resolve the dispute. According to a draft agreement seen by BBC News NI, a pay offer of 4.25% over two years is on the table. Teachers would get a backdated pay award of 2.25% for 2017-18 and 2% in 2018-19. For a teacher at the top of the current upper pay scale on £37,870, for example, that would mean a pay rise to £39,497 plus back pay to 1 September 2017 of about £2,000. A new teacher on £22,243 would see their salary rise to £23,198 and receive more than £1,000 in back pay. However, Department of Education Permanent Secretary Derek Baker previously told the NI Affairs Committee at Westminster on 13 March that he would have to seek approval for a settlement beyond the public sector pay policy of 1%. He also said that any settlement would have to be affordable, but he was not prepared to say how much extra money the department would need to cover any pay rises. \"We have put that on the table,\" Mr Baker said. \"Our colleagues in the Department of Finance know what that number is and probably the Northern Ireland Office knows what that number is.\" According to the agreement seen by BBC News NI, the cost of the proposed 4.25% package would be about £70m. There are also three other elements to the overall draft agreement seen by BBC News NI. One includes agreements on issues like preparation, planning and assessment time and the EU working time directive. Another is a series of reviews into areas like teachers' workload, special educational needs (SEN) administration, substitute teaching and consultation. However, BBC News NI understands that reforms to the school inspection process are yet to be fully agreed. These include a resumption of school inspections on 1 September 2019, but schools who have had incomplete inspections due to industrial action will not be re-inspected automatically. The unions are also seeking measures which, they say, would improve the accountability of inspectors and inspections. 'Not yet resolved' A spokesperson for the department said: \"Negotiations with the teaching unions continue on pay for 2017-18 and 2018-19,\" they said. \"They are not yet resolved. \"Any agreement will be subject to normal approvals and funding being made available.\" Northern Ireland is not the only part of the UK where teachers have been involved in pay disputes. Teachers in Scotland were recently offered a 13% pay rise spread over three years. However, according to figures circulated by unions, Scottish pay scales are currently lower than those in Northern Ireland. They said teachers at the top of the upper pay scale in Scotland earned about £2,000 less than those on the same grade in Northern Ireland. In England, Education Secretary Damian Hinds recently said teachers' pay should be capped at 2% next year." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Kevin CurranIEEE Technical Expert So, for all you out there with similar sensitivities planning to go and see Skyfall, the latest in the Bond franchise, be warned! I have been to see this movie (expect spoilers below) and if you like your technology on the realistic side then you should see a different show... One of the most glaring errors occurs in what is perhaps the most crucial scene between the cyber-terrorist bad guy Raoul Silva, played by Javier Bardem, and Bond, who is tied up throughout to a chair. In the scene, the large room is dominated by the racks of computers that allow Silva to conduct his cyber-attacks. What is striking to a geek like me however is the complete absence of background noise! Firstly, a room full of computing hardware would have to be air-conditioned to keep the temperature of the servers down. Despite the precarious situation Bond was in, all I could think about was the potential of a fire caused by overheating throughout this scene. Secondly, as anyone who has been in a server farm will tell you, you would have struggled to hear the conversation over the background humming from the machines themselves. Hacked-off Later we see an active hacking attempt on MI6 by Silva with Q and Bond watching an animation that represents the code involved in the attack. The animation is very creative but it has absolutely no resemblance to anything you might see in reality. What you would actually see would be a plain command line - very dull admittedly. If you were very lucky you might have a mirror image of the attacker's screen but clever graphics? Not likely. Again, we security geeks are asked to suspend our knowledge of the complexities of cryptography when we find Bond being able to decipher part of the code in order to spot Granborough Road Tube station embedded in the cipher. If only it was as easy as that. Code-breaking is incredibly difficult, just ask the poor people at GCHQ who only last week had to admit they were stumped by a 70-year-old message taped to the leg of a dead pigeon, and can really only be done nowadays by large amounts of computing power. I cannot remember the last time I broke even a simple substitution code, but admittedly I don't work for GCHQ. Tracking shots Then there is my particular bugbear - tracking Bond underground. The public have no idea how hard it is to even track people in indoor locations using radio frequency techniques such as wi-fi, Bluetooth or Zigbee. It is highly unreliable. However difficult normal above-ground indoor tracking can be, tracking people underground is a nightmare. Despite this, we see Q getting an immediate fix on Bond and easily tracking him as he navigates deep underneath London in the tunnels. Arrhhhh, I'm an indoor location determination researcher... get me out of here! Of course, it is not difficult to understand why films overreach in their depiction of technology. Take just one example from Skyfall, such as hacking. Hacking in the real world is quite mundane and involves a number of labour intensive steps from identifying the systems which have weaknesses to executing the \"payloads\" which allow capture of the remote systems. It also quite often takes place on an old-fashioned \"command line\" with no fancy graphics at all. Any movie which attempted to give you a realistic interpretation of this would risk putting the audience to sleep. Licence to school The positive aspect for us involved in teaching computer science is that exciting overdramatisation of technology can encourage the younger generation to take up computing courses in higher education. Even without the movie glamour however, life in computer sciences can be pretty exciting. One of the most involving aspects of my life is acting as an expert witness for defence lawyers in court cases. This often sees me forensically trawling through a defendant's hard disk or mobile phone in some corner of a police station, visiting suspects in prison and attending court in order to help with technical questions. This is indeed a fast-paced world to be in, and one about to get even more interesting in the near future due to the sheer amount of information stored on digital devices. The importance of this data and the need for secure systems is certainly one aspect of technology that Skyfall did get right - the James Bonds of the future will have to be very aware of the potential for disruption posed by hacking sensitive information and platforms. Kevin Curran is a technical expert for internet and security matters at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and is also a reader in computer science at the University of Ulster." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Neil SmithEntertainment reporter The official explanation provided is \"creative differences\". But there could be more to it than that. Was the schedule too tight? The release date too inflexible? Or were Boyle's ideas too radical for the producers behind the venerable screen franchise? We may never know. Yet the thoughts of another British director who turned his back on Bond might offer some clues. Back in 2006, Roger Michell was in negotiations to direct the 22nd official instalment in the series - the film that was eventually named Quantum of Solace. The Notting Hill director was well placed to helm the Casino Royale follow-up, having previously worked with Daniel Craig on 2003's The Mother and 2004's Enduring Love. Plans for what was then known as Bond 22 were already in motion well before Casino Royale - Craig's first outing as Bond - opened in cinemas. There were even hopes his second film might be ready for release by the end of 2007 - a mere 12 months on from Casino's November 2006 debut. Speaking in 2012, Michell said the abbreviated schedule ultimately proved too great a hurdle for him to continue. \"They were desperate for a Bond film to come out in 2007, and in the late summer of 2006 we didn't have a script,\" he told the BBC. \"I'm a preparer,\" he continued. \"I like to really prepare things, and if there's no script it's hard to know how to start. \"And with such a massive project as a Bond film, it seemed to me that I wanted as much time as possible.\" Michell revealed his discussions with Bond producers Barbara Broccoli and Michael G Wilson eventually reached a tipping point. \"It got to the point where they were saying to me, 'I know we don't have a script yet, but would you mind starting to storyboard the action sequences?' \"And I was saying, 'what action sequences?' Basically I freaked out. \"I thought 'I can't do this, this is no good.' So I regretfully said, 'I just don't feel comfortable doing this.' \"What's annoying is they very sensibly put it back a year because they realised that they didn't have enough time. But even after a year, it wasn't a great script.\" Quantum of Solace was eventually released in October 2008, with German-born director Marc Forster at the helm. Craig went on to make another two Bond films, 2012's Skyfall and 2015's Spectre, both of which were directed by Sam Mendes. Bookmaker William Hill reports a flurry of bets on Mendes taking over from Boyle on Bond 25, trimming his odds of being the next director to 7/1. Scotland's David Mackenzie is the current favourite, followed by Denis Villeneuve and France's Yann Demange. Try another day Michell, whose recent films include 2017's My Cousin Rachel and 2018 documentary Nothing Like a Dame, is not alone in being a James Bond nearly man. During a chance meeting with Roger Moore in the early 1970s, the young Steven Spielberg revealed he would love to direct an instalment in the series. Moore conveyed Spielberg's interest to producer Albert R \"Cubby\" Broccoli, who rejected the idea out of hand. \"Do you know how much of a percentage he'd want?\" Moore recalled Broccoli saying in his 2008 memoir My Word is My Bond. \"It's always been policy that no Bond director ever got a slice of the box office profits,\" the late actor went on to claim. Speaking in 2016, Spielberg revealed he made two further overtures to Broccoli, once after the release of Jaws and again after Close Encounters of the Third Kind. \"I called up Cubby and offered my services but he didn't think I was right for the part,\" he told The Independent. Another film-maker whose interest was reportedly rebuffed was Quentin Tarantino, who revealed in 2004 he had once hoped to make a black-and-white version of Casino Royale set in the 1960s. \"I'm annoyed that the James Bond producers never called me to talk about it,\" he later said. \"They should have at least had the courtesy to have coffee with me.\" Boyle got further than either of his fellow Oscar-winners, having directed Craig in the Bond-inspired short shown during the 2012 Olympics opening ceremony. Now, though, his unmade Bond film seems destined to join the list of tantalising 007 projects never to make it off the drawing board. Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email [email protected]." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Rajini VaidyanathanBBC News, Washington In the moments before a show or film starts it's customary to turn your phone off. But 10 minutes before a recent performance of Hand To God, on New York's Broadway, something strange happened. \"I witnessed something tonight that I never imagined I would see in a Broadway theatre,\" Chris York wrote on Facebook. \"I saw an audience member climb onto the stage right before the show and plug his cell phone into a (fake) electrical outlet on the set. ON. THE. SET. The crew had to stop the preshow music, remove the cell-phone, and make an announcement as to why you can't do that. \"Has theatre etiquette - heck, common sense - really fallen that far??\" It sounds like the worst example of a theatre faux pas, but most of us have also been in a similar dilemma. It's an almost daily power struggle as we glance at our phones, agonising over a red battery bar and its ever decreasing percentage levels. It never used to be like this - in the old days, when mobiles just made calls, keeping charged was easy. Your handset might have looked and felt like a heavy brick, but it also had power for at least three days. Now keeping your phone in the \"green zone\" can drive people to the most agile of feats - standing on tiptoes to reach an unusually high socket at an airport, squatting on the floor in a public toilet, or manoeuvring wires underneath a sea of tables in a coffee shop. Where's the power? Five novel charging ideas This mark of desperation, is more common as more of us use smartphones loaded with apps, which devour battery power. \"Batteries are the overworked, underappreciated employees of the gadget world, as battery tech hasn't advanced at the same pace as the rest of the hardware in your phone,\" the BBC's Silicon Valley correspondent Dave Lee explains. Manufacturers are working to develop faster ways to charge. One of Samsung's latest models only takes 10 minutes to charge, Lee says. But batteries are fighting a losing battle because many apps start draining battery life as soon as the phone is turned on. \"Device makers are also looking at how they can streamline their software to save power,\" Lee says. A low-power mode will be available in Apple's next update of iOS, extending the life by a few hours but greatly reducing the functionality. As well as the phones themselves, there's now an entire economy built around portable charging devices, as long as you remember to charge those too. Greenlight Planet, which manufactures and sells solar powered lamps, added a charging point to its product, the Sun King Pro, after repeated requests from customers. \"So many off-grid households in East Africa told us light is nice to have, but mobile phones are now a necessity,\" says Radhika Thakkar, VP of global business development for the company. Thakkar says as mobile phone use grows in these markets, people are using them for much more than just a phone call. They've become a primary tool for banking, accessing crop information as well as to get online. Across the world, innovations are helping people keep their phones on for longer - a necessity in a world where more of us suffer from nomophobia, also known as \"smartphone separation anxiety\". Research from the University of Missouri shows this affliction can increase our stress levels, and lead to serious psychological harm. Researchers say when separated \"we experience a lessening of 'self' and a negative physiological state\". It might explain why some people are willing to go to any lengths, even jumping on stage at the theatre, to avoid the dreaded \"battery low\" message. Follow Rajini Vaidyanathan on Twitter - @rajiniv Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The shop was earmarked for closure when the department store chain announced in June it was to close 31 of 59 branches. By October, there were reports of a reprieve after retailer Sports Direct bought the chain. But that looks to have been thrown into doubt over Legal and General's plans to create nine floors of office space. Sports Direct has been contacted for comment. Legal and General has owned the Corporation Street site since 2014 and more than 600 people are employed at the store known locally as Rackhams. The financial services company said prior to the chain's sale, it had held discussions with House of Fraser about the need for a \"reformatted store\". It said it then reached an agreement with Sports Direct to allow the business to continue operating from the premises on a short-term basis, before being handed back for refurbishment. Sports Direct, Legal and General says, has been kept \"fully up to date\" with the plans, and responsibility lies with them over \"contacting and informing\" employees. Plans set to be submitted to Birmingham City Council respond, the firm says, to \"strong demand\" for office space and \"changing patterns in retailing\". They also include a \"boutique\" hotel, bars, restaurants, coffee houses and retail space on the ground and lower ground floors. A spokesperson said \"we are confident\" the \"transformation\" would \"quickly attract new occupants\". The company hopes the project will create £110m in investment in Birmingham, along with 1,680 new jobs." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Sheffield council is severing ties with developer Hammerson after the company failed to deliver the £400m Sevenstone scheme in the city centre. The council had intended to continue with the scheme and find a new developer but it has now decided to go back to the drawing board. Hammerson has said ending its work with the council had been a mutual decision. New plans are expected to be unveiled by next spring. The council said it had set a target for completion of the scheme during the 2018/19 financial year. 'Decisive action' The development, currently called New Retail Quarter, will cover the same area as the Sevenstone proposal, between Barker's Pool, The Moor and Wellington Street. Councillor Leigh Bramall, cabinet member for business, skills and development at the city council, said: \"We are taking decisive and clear action to deliver a New Retail Quarter for Sheffield. \"We will bring a brand new scheme forward for the people of Sheffield, a high-class regional shopping and leisure facility that would compete with other city centres such as Manchester, Leeds and Nottingham.\" The council is seeking a new development partner or investor for the scheme and said it had already been approached by several companies. Peter Cole, Hammerson's chief investment officer, said: \"We have worked very hard to achieve a retail scheme which creates a thriving city centre environment in Sheffield. We believe the city can build on our work to date.\"" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Its shops in England, Wales and Northern Ireland will reopen briefly so the remaining stock can be sold before closing for good. Fashion retailer Boohoo has bought the Debenhams brand and its website but it will not take on any of its stores or workforce. A total of 647 staff in Scotland are now being made redundant. The department store chain is being wound down and in total about 12,000 jobs are risk. In a statement, Debenhams said it intended to re-open stores in England, Wales and Northern Ireland \"for a short period... as soon as government restrictions allow\". According to the latest UK government guidance, all shops in England will be allowed to open from 12 April at the earliest. However non-essential shops in Scotland are likely remain shut for additional two weeks after that date. First Minister Nicola Sturgeon has said they will reopen on 26 April at the earliest, when the country is likely to return to a tiered system of local restrictions. \"Because this timeline does not align with those expected in other parts of the UK and therefore with the planned wind-down of the Debenhams business, regrettably our 15 stores in Scotland will now not reopen and are closed permanently,\" the statement said. The affected stores are in: Debenhams has struggled for years with falling profits and rising debts, as more shopping has moved online. It called in administrators twice in two years, more recently in April. Its position became untenable during the coronavirus pandemic as non-essential retailers were forced to close for prolonged periods. Joint administrator Geoff Rowley said: \"The Debenhams liquidation clearance continues online, and will restart in stores in England, Wales and Northern Ireland once restrictions allow. \"We regret that Debenhams' Scottish stores will not be able to reopen, and would like to thank all those employees affected for their commitment to Debenhams during what I know has been an extremely unsettling time.\"" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "George Ferguson said the subject of parking had become an urgent problem for some residents and the issue needed to be sorted out. He added that there was \"no human or civil right\" for commuters to be able to park on the streets \"unlike what some people think\". If approved, the additional areas will be introduced from September 2014. Mr Ferguson told BBC News it was \"silly\" to eke out the schemes because every time a new one was introduced it caused problems on the edges of that zone. 'Every space filled' \"The residential areas have become car parks for commuters and that's not acceptable in a city,\" he said. \"We work really closely with the living and working community to make sure we have a scheme that is adjusted to their needs.\" Residents' parking zones are already in place in the Kingsdown, Redcliffe and Cotham areas of the city and a consultation is running for Easton and St Phillip's. Brian Worthington, chairman of the Clifton and Hotwells Improvement Society, said it felt commuters were \"taking advantage\" of the area. \"At 7.30am pretty much every space is filled with commuter parking in Clifton,\" said Mr Worthington. \"There needs to be much more public transport available so you are not being vindictive to commuters and not appearing to [be] vindictive to residents.\"" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The Tory council said 10 marshals were assisting deliveries to firms between 06:00 and 10:00 in Leicester Square. The number of wardens on patrol is expected to rise to around 40, working throughout the night, during the Games. But the Labour leader of the council said: \"Our concern is that they will be used to raise more money.\" \"Westminster's reputation on parking is at rock bottom and if these new wardens are used to trap motorists, this will further damage the credibility of the council,\" Paul Dimoldenberg said. 'Exceptionally busy' Conservative councillor Daniel Astaire, cabinet member for business, said: \"They do have the power to give out tickets to drivers who are parked illegally. \"But their role will be very much to look after people using the roads, give advice and help maintain a steady stream of traffic during what will be an exceptionally busy time.\" In January, Westminster council announced it would scrap a plan to charge for evenings and Sunday parking in the West End. The new levy of up to £4.40 per hour was to run until midnight, Monday to Saturday and on Sunday afternoons. The move was meant to ease congestion in the West End but provoked widespread opposition with protest groups claiming it was aimed at raising revenue and not cutting congestion. Meanwhile, London 2012 has set out its traffic management and parking plans for the Games , while Transport for London (TfL) is finalising plans for the Olympic Route Network (ORN), which will see 30 miles of Games lanes used mainly for Olympic traffic. The ORN will operate from 25 July and a similar system for the Paralympics, the Paralympic Route Network, will end on 14 September." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Staff at Alder King property consultants in Pembroke Road, said the company had been allotted only seven parking spaces by Bristol City Council. The RPZ for Clifton Village is due to be introduced in 2013 as part of a city-wide parking scheme. The council said staff should be encouraged to use public transport. Alder King's chairman, Grant Watson, said: \"We can't quite see how we can operate practically if we are only allowed seven permits. \"At the moment our staff park in the streets and they don't have any difficulty in doing that.\" The firm employs about 100 people and shares its premises with other businesses, which means a total of 250 people work in the building. There is on-site parking for 20 vehicles. \"Our employees have to come and go throughout the day because they have to service clients all across the city,\" added Mr Watson. \"We can continue to operate but we will need more than seven permits.\" A spokesperson for Bristol City Council said its priority was \"to ensure the limited road space is shared fairly for the use of customers of local businesses and local residents\". \"This means businesses that take more than their fair share of local road space need to encourage their staff to travel by public transport. \"Data shows that many people travel to work by car from quite nearby, yet there is nowhere in Clifton that is more than 20 minutes' walk from a main bus route. \"Two-hundred cars parked on a residential street has a severe impact on local residents, who cannot park their own cars, or use them during the day.\" The spokesperson added that people living in Clifton had asked for a residents' parking scheme to be introduced." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Dave LeeNorth America technology reporter It spanned a decade or so, starting in the mid-to-late 70s, a period which launched the infamous title Space Invaders and also brought us games like Asteroids, Lunar Lander and - of course - Pacman. The necessity of games arcades was due to the sophisticated technology on offer. Dedicated cabinets had computers set up to play that game and that game alone. Home gaming, in the very early days of Space Invaders, was simply too expensive for most. As time went on, technology got better. And cheaper. Suddenly, games arcades were losing their purpose in life. If a PlayStation gave you as good an experience in your bedroom, why go to a building and spend your spare change to play for just a few minutes at a time? And the social scene of arcades - where many a young romance blossomed - drifted away too. Through the 90s, and into the noughties, games arcades all but disappeared. But in the halls of E3 this week, a show where attendees are looking years into the future of the multi-billion dollar industry, there's talk of \"Arcade 2.0\". A rebirth. Why? Virtual reality. For the first time since the Golden Age, the public is showing interest in gaming technology they can't yet afford. And, even if they could, it's not something that most homes could accommodate to its full potential. E3 games expo Will the tortoise or hare win? We Happy Few: 'E3's creepiest game' Finally some progress on diversity? Legend of Zelda: First look at Nintendo's new game Meditating in virtual reality Have Just Dance's Moves become too hard? Warehouse scale That's why virtual reality arcades are popping up all over the globe. Some are small projects, a good-sized room with the latest kit. Others are big budget smashes, like Hub Zero. Nestled in Dubai, Hub Zero is an \"indoor video game park\". The attractions include an installation by VRcade, a company that has created a totally tether-free VR system - one that allows for multiple players in the same game simultaneously. The Seattle-based firm's typical customers include shopping centres or cinemas - in other words, anywhere where there's available space. I suggested, quite smartly I thought, to approach any pub that had an ageing bucking bronco in the corner. VRcade differs from its competition by aiming to produce customised VR experiences that make use of the real physical location. Motion sensors are placed around the area to monitor the movement of the player, as well as any in-game peripherals. It means all movements are tracked, whether you're jumping or ducking or rolling. \"Right now this is room scale,\" explained Ivan Blaustein, VRcade's director of product integration, as he gave me a demonstration. \"We want warehouse scale.\" It's an experience most could never replicate at home. Bring your mates The major players in virtual reality are HTC, PlayStation and Oculus. \"I personally love arcades,\" said Joel Braten, HTC's global head of content for the Vive headset. \"I grew up in them. Based on the conversations we're having, this is about ready to take off really in a big way.\" HTC's biggest weakness, and one that prevents it being able to offer the same kind of carefree multiplayer offered by VRcade, is the headset's tether - a cable that runs down your back and is consequently always at the back of your mind, quite literally, as you work your way around virtual worlds. But if VR raises the potential for arcades to return, fans of the classic games scene doubt it will carry the same charm. \"We traditionally have arcade games from a specific era where it wasn't just about money,\" said Scott Davids, a collector who runs EightyTwo, a Los Angeles bar he's filled with old arcade machines. \"I wonder if that's what VR is going to be about - you pay $10 and get a five minute game.\" He attributed the fall of the games arcade not to the rise of high-powered consoles, but instead to what he said were overly strict regulations on businesses running arcades. And games makers became greedy, he said - increasingly demanding players to continually pump money in to keep on playing. If virtual reality does bring about a surge in games arcades, it may be fleeting. PlayStation VR, which will be launched in October this year, will cost just $399, and will work on the current PlayStation 4. But then again, unlike other gaming technologies - that have been miniaturised from arcade cabinet to console and more recently to smartphone - those enjoying VR will always want space to enjoy it to the fullest. It may not be the golden age of button bashing and coin inserting - but it is a welcome development if, like Mr Davids, you believe gaming is an activity best enjoyed in the company of other people. Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC and on Facebook Read and watch more E3 coverage" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "David Braben, one of the creators of the original, is seeking £1.25m ($2m) via Kickstarter to fund the updated version. Called Elite: Dangerous it will involve the same mix of interstellar travel, trading, piracy and spaceships as the original 8-bit game. Those who pledge cash to the project will also get a chance to shape the development of the updated version. \"Elite is a game that I've wanted to come back to for a very, very long time,\" Mr Braben told the BBC. \"It's the sort of game that I would very much like to play today.\" Funding squeeze When Elite was first published in 1984 it instantly became a huge success. Its wire-frame 3D graphics and open-ended play across eight randomly generated galaxies was at odds with the narrow, 2D side-scrolling games that were the norm at the time. \"It changed the way that people looked at games very much for the better,\" said Mr Braben. The updated version will keep the open-ended, space trading setting and will make use of modern PC power to create a vast interstellar territory that players can explore. Ships will be fitted with hyperspace drives to enable them to get around and the planets, stars, asteroid belts and other things found in deep space will be procedurally generated. However, said Mr Braben, its exact final form will be partly down to those that pledge cash. \"The people who are involved in Kickstarter can be involved in the game,\" he said. The finished PC game should be ready in March 2014 although some of the early development work has already been done at Mr Braben's game studio Frontier. The underlying network technology to support the multi-player version of the game is almost done and stress tests are being carried out to ensure it can support large numbers of players. A single player version will also be available. When it appears the game will face competition from both new and established titles. Space trading and piracy sim Eve Online has a dedicated following and more recent titles, such as FTL and Pioneer, are winning fans. On Kickstarter, veteran game designer Chris Roberts is seeking cash for Star Citizen which shares many of the traits of Elite. Finally, by the time Elite appears Markus Persson, creator of Minecraft, may have finished work on his space simulation game 0x10c. Audience Mr Braben said he had turned to Kickstarter to fund Elite because it was the type of game that would be hard to persuade a publisher to back. \"Publishers want to see the end result before they move forward and with a lot of games like this it's very important to balance the design of the game as you are going,\" he said. As well as providing funding, Kickstarter also helped to ensure that there was an audience interested in the game. \"It also helps us at Frontier to validate that there is a market for this type of game out there,\" he said. \"We then have the confidence that we know who we are making the game for.\" Kickstarter has become a firm favourite among game makers keen to get backing for their projects. The launch of a UK-focused Kickstarter has also provoked projects from British game studios. Games including Kung Fu Superstar, mmoAsteroids and Sir, You Are Being Hunted are all looking for cash via the crowdfunding site." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent, BBC News Scientists at University College London say the difference has more to do with discrimination and unequal opportunities than any innate ability. The findings come from research into a test for dementia. But it has also given an unprecedented insight into people's navigational ability all around the world. The experiment is actually a computer game, Sea Hero Quest, that has had more than four million players. It's a nautical adventure to save an old sailor's lost memories and with a touch of a smartphone screen, you chart a course round desert islands and icy oceans. The game anonymously records the player's sense of direction and navigational ability. One clear picture, published in the journal Current Biology, was that men were better at navigating than women. But why? Prof Hugo Spiers thinks he has found the answer by looking at data from the World Economic Forum's Gender Gap Index - which studies equality in areas from education to health and jobs to politics. He told the BBC: \"We don't think the effects we see are innate. \"So countries where there is high equality between men and women, the difference between men and women is very small on our spatial navigation test. \"But when there's high inequality the difference between men and women is much bigger. And that suggests the culture people are living in has an effect on their cognitive abilities.\" Sea Hero Quest has produced a raft of other findings. The popularity of the game has turned it into the world's biggest dementia research experiment. Being lost or disoriented is one of the first signs of the disease. The next step in the research is to see if catching sudden declines in navigational ability could be used to test for dementia. Tim Parry, the director of Alzheimer's Research UK, said: \"The data from Sea Hero Quest is providing an unparalleled benchmark for how human navigation varies and changes across age, location and other factors. \"This really is only the beginning of what we might learn about navigation from this powerful analysis.\" This project was funded by Deutsche Telekom and the game was designed by Glitchers. Follow James on Twitter." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Police came under attack in Newtownards Road, where 200 loyalists congregated. One officer was injured in Sandy Row, near the city centre, when paint bombs, fireworks and bricks were thrown. South Belfast, Lisburn, Carrickfergus and Portadown also saw trouble. Police said they had arrested 15 people in total, including an 11-year-old child. The latest trouble comes after more than two weeks of demonstrations by loyalists over the decision by Belfast City Council to stop flying the union flag every day. BBC Ireland correspondent Mark Simpson says the latest violence was \"low level\" but happened in a wide range of areas. He says a 12-year-old and two 13-year-olds were also among those arrested. Political leaders at Stormont have made repeated calls for the violence to stop but the protesters are simply ignoring them, our correspondent says. 'Totally unacceptable' The PSNI said about 80 protests took place across the province on Monday, with numbers ranging from small groups to hundreds of people. They have appealed for an end to the violence. Assistant Chief Constable Dave Jones said: \"While most of the protests were peaceful, the violence witnessed in some areas tonight is totally unacceptable. \"This is now the third week of protests and I am appealing to everyone involved to take a step back from this. It cannot and should not continue.\" In Portadown, a man was taken to hospital after being injured in a road accident during a protest. In south Belfast, protesters set fire to bins and placed them across the Donegall Road near the City Hospital. In Gaol Square, Armagh city, police arrested a 19-year-old man after a firework was thrown at police from a crowd of protesters. Following a protest at Carrickfergus, about 11 miles from Belfast, protesters entered the town hall, disrupted a meeting and threatened councillors. No-one was injured. Police dispersed the crowd and people were able to leave the building. Alliance Party Councillor Noel Williams said that about five protesters infiltrated a meeting of Carrickfergus Borough Council \"and carried out a full frontal attack on democracy\". He said councillors were subjected to verbal abuse by about five protesters who banged on desks and chairs. \"It is unacceptable that the town hall was not under police surveillance, especially as violence has broken out at previous protests,\" he said. \"People have a right to protest peacefully, but this incident tonight put many people's safety at risk and must not be tolerated.\" In Lisburn, County Antrim, a crowd blocked Longstone Street. Police have asked people to avoid the area. At Shaw's Bridge, in south Belfast, police diverted traffic as youths attempted to hijack vehicles. The road has now been re-opened. Protests also took place in Londonderry and Ballyclare. The protests, initially timed to coincide with the rush hour, were also held in several areas of Belfast including the Albertbridge Road, Newtownards Road and Limestone Road. About 50 loyalists blocked traffic at Glendermott Road in Londonderry. A similar number disrupted traffic at the junction of Tates Avenue and Boucher Road in Belfast. Earlier on Monday, the leaders of the DUP and UUP, Peter Robinson and Mike Nesbitt, appealed to loyalists to call off the protests. Impassable Police closed the M2 Fortwilliam off-slip to the Shore Road because of a protest at Mount Vernon. In south Belfast, the Ormeau Road re-opened after being blocked for a period The Upper Malone Road at the House of Sport has also re-opened following a protest at the Dub. In the north of the city, the Limestone Road was blocked at York Street and the Crumlin Road at Hesketh Park. In Londonderry, drivers were advised to avoid the Glendermott Road into the city and the Rossdowney Road. Ballyclare town centre, Coleraine and Broughshane village were also blocked by protesters." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Martina PurdyBBC News NI Political Correspondent On the east bank there is a largely unionist population, and on the west, a solidly nationalist and Catholic one, with significant sections of unionists in the north and south. There is another difference. The Catholic population is young with the number rising to 49%. The Protestant population is older and passing away and has dropped to 42%. Others such as new immigrants or those from mixed relationships with no fixed religion make up the rest. Belfast is at a tipping point, according to the author of a new peace report, Dr Paul Nolan. He underscores the connection between that shifting population and the flags row in Belfast. He said Belfast changed over the past decade from being a majority unionist city to a city where the largest group is Catholic. He said these figures from the 2011 census were finally published a week after the row erupted in Belfast City Council over the decision to restrict the flying of the union flag to designated days only. 'Human sensors' He said those protestors did not read the report, but they acted out of its realities. \"Sometimes people can act like human sensors. They pick up what is happening underneath their feet. That earthquake that was happening,\" he said. That earthquake is one of the themes of peace monitoring report. It also describes young Protestant men, a quarter of whom are jobless, as a seedbed for trouble. This is because of alienation and the risk of being drawn into a cultural conflict. Loyalist community worker, Gerald Solinas, who also represents the Ulster Political Research Group, is critical of the report. He dislikes the language and claims its conclusions are too simplistic. He thinks words such as \"tipping point\" are dangerous. He points out that nationalists face similar problems of deprivation and problems around jobs, housing and regeneration. Cultural warfare He often speaks for the protestors at the Twaddell Avenue camp in north Belfast, a symbol of loyalist fury over the parading and flags. Mr Solinas acknowledged there is a sense of cultural warfare. \"The taking down of our flag at city hall, the demonization of our culture in parading is all things very true to our hearts. It's basically similar to someone coming into your house, rearranging the furniture. It just makes you feel very uncomfortable,\" he said. While Catholics still suffer deprivation, Catholic schools are excelling, providing a route out of poverty. Dr Nolan pointed to a confident nationalist population with a growing middle class, contrasting this with what is happening on the unionist Protestant side. He said even if politicians had agreed the Haass proposals, it would not have solved the difficulty facing society in Belfast. \"This problem was still going to bubble up because what we have is inequality,\" he said. \"We've got a section of our population - young Protestant males - who have no routes out of their poverty. And they experience it as inequality. They experience it as alienation and it will erupt.\" Mr Solinas and Dr Nolan agree that there is a lack of political leadership and vision at Stormont. Brian Feeney, an Irish News columnist, said unionist politicians are pretending the changes are not happening while fighting a losing battle. \"It's been like King Canute. They are trying to force back the nationalist tide and it has completely failed,\" he said. \"All the unionist politicians know these statistics quite well. They know exactly where it is heading and they know the only outcome can be accommodation and reconciliation. And as it points out in the report there is peace, but no attempt at reconciliation whatsoever.\" Belfast artists are reflecting the realities. Joe McWilliams, from the north of the city, has put on canvass vivid images of marching loyalists outside St Patrick's Church. But another artist, Susan Hughes from the south of the city, has just opened an exhibition at Stormont called quiet peacemakers. Quiet peacemakers The portraits include the late Fr Alec Reid and Lesley Carroll, a Presbyterian minister in Belfast. She said there is not enough acknowledgement of quiet peacemakers and not enough unity among them. \"So maybe we need to get ourselves together and make sure we know what each other is doing. That support and vision that comes from each other would make a big difference. And that makes stronger voice to those in leadership,\" she said. There are young people working to bridge the divide through prayer, music and art. Among them is Ashley Holmes from Youth Initiatives. She is 26 and has been, she says, doing cross-community work since the age of 12. She said young people can be disappointed by a lack of support from politicians, their parent's stories and negative language. \"Our young people are feeling like they are holding everybody else's past on their shoulders. They are feeling they are trying to move forward and trying to be positive, but there are certain things that are holding them back,\" she said. Her vision for the city? Investment, shared space and that a new light would shine on it. There is more on this story on The View, which is available here on the BBC iPlayer." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "David Black was shot dead on the M1 in County Armagh on Thursday as he drove to work at Maghaberry Prison. The father-of-two from Cookstown was the first prison officer to be murdered in Northern Ireland in almost 20 years. Ulster Unionist councillor Trevor Wilson has visited the family and said they were \"devastated\". \"The M1 is supposed to be the busiest road in Northern Ireland and David's son actually drove past the scene 15 minutes after it happened and not knowing that his father was actually involved in it,\" he said. Two men were arrested in connection with the murder on Friday. Mr Black's minister, the Reverend Tom Greer of Molesworth Presbyterian Church in Cookstown, said that among the people who have been in contact to express their sympathy have been prisoners from Maghaberry jail. \"They found David an officer whom they respected and whom they related to well,\" Rev Greer said. \"That was significant I think, to hear that even some of the guys that David would have been supervising as an officer were devastated at the thought of his death and shocked by it and have sent their sympathy.\" Ministers from the Northern Ireland Executive and the Irish Republic's government will discuss the murder of Mr Black later, the BBC understands. The North South Ministerial Council (NSMC) meeting will take place in Armagh. Safety Meanwhile, the head of the Northern Ireland Prison Service has denied that prison officers have been told that they are to lose their personal protection weapon. Sue McAllister was responding to claims made in the aftermath of the murder. Speaking on BBC Northern Ireland's The View, Ms McAllister said that she was determined to ensure the safety of all prison officers. \"I have checked and to my knowledge no prison officer has been told that his or her personal protection weapon is to be withdrawn,\" she said. \"I will certainly be making sure that any prison officer who wishes to have a personal protection weapon will be able to apply to the police service as per our procedures.\" There has been widespread condemnation of the murder. Mr Black was attacked on the motorway between Portadown and Lurgan at 07:30 GMT on Thursday. 'Terrorist attack' A car with Dublin registration plates drove up beside him and fired a number of shots. His car veered into a ditch. Dissident republicans have been blamed for the murder. Speaking on BBC Radio Ulster on Friday, the chairman of the Northern Ireland Policing Board (NIPB), Brian Rea, praised the police response to the attack. He said: \"We support and applaud the members of the PSNI who in the first instance, we understand, were responding to what was considered to be a single vehicle incident on the M1 motorway and then discovered that they were dealing with a terrorist attack on a man driving to his work in HMP Maghaberry. \"We will continue to support the chief constable and all of his officers as they work to bring to justice those who have committed this heinous crime.\" Experienced A scheduled meeting of the NIPB was adjourned on Thursday as a mark of respect for Mr Black. The 52-year-old was a very experienced prison officer and had worked through the Troubles. He was one of hundreds of officers who had applied for the prison service redundancy scheme. Mr Black was the 30th prison worker to be murdered since 1974 in Northern Ireland. The last prison officer killed was Jim Peacock who died on 1 September 1993. He was murdered by the loyalist paramilitary group the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) at his Belfast home." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Pallab GhoshScience correspondent, BBC News Theresa May has said that the UK is \"enriched by the best minds from Europe and around the world\". She states that providing reassurance to them and to UK scientists working in Europe will be a \"priority\". Mrs May's comments were made in a letter seen by BBC News that was written five days after she became PM. The Prime Minister wrote to one of the country's leading scientists, Professor Sir Paul Nurse, who is director of the Francis Crick Institute in London and a former president of the Royal Society. In the letter she states: \"I wanted to write to you to make clear that the Government's ongoing commitment to science and research remains steadfast\". She adds that her government is committed to protecting science and research funding in real terms. Mrs May also tells the Nobel Prize winner that the reorganisation of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy \"does not signal any reduction in the very high priority I attach to teaching and research\". And crucially on Brexit she says: \"I would like to reassure you about the government's commitment to ensuring a positive outcome for UK science as we exit the European Union. While we negotiate a new relationship with our European partners, we are not turning our backs on European scientists.\" The UK receives £850m in research funds from the European Union each year. Full membership of one of the main EU funding programmes requires free movement of labour. British universities employ 30,000 scientists with EU citizenship. Rising uncertainty There have already been reports of UK scientists losing out in EU grant applications and of EU citizens not taking up posts in UK universities because of the uncertainty around funding and the residency status of EU citizens following the referendum result last month. Five days after the result Sir Paul said: \"For science to thrive it must have access to the single market, and we do need free movement.\" Mrs May's letter does not offer those commitments but Sir Paul said he was heartened to see that she wrote to him within days of taking office. Sir Paul told BBC News: \"The letter from the prime minister supporting science was most welcome and we look forward to working with her to achieve the best future for British science, which is crucial for the future of the UK.\" A copy of the letter was sent to the President of the Royal Society Prof Venki Ramkrishanan, who also welcomed the fact that the prime minister is aware of the important of scientific research to the UK \"These are uncertain times, so having the new prime minister making such a positive commitment to science is very encouraging. She not only reaffirms the government's financial support for science at home but also to ensuring a positive outcome for science in the Brexit negotiations. I am looking forward to working with her and her colleagues to turn these words into action.\" Follow Pallab on Twitter" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Laura KuenssbergPolitical editor@bbclaurakon Twitter Regular readers will know that from time to time I have ranted on about it here. But Philip Hammond told MPs on Wednesday afternoon that indeed, it is the case that the cabinet has not yet had its big bonanza conversation about the \"end state\", when the prime minister will have to put her cards on the table finally, and explain the kind of relationship she wants with the EU after we leave, and after the transition period. She will then have to try to persuade her cabinet colleagues to back her view. It is a conversation that she has delayed for months, holding it back because she knows the cabinet is divided, and bringing them together could be extremely hard. It boils down to this. Ministers like Boris Johnson and Michael Gove believe that Britain's future lies in striking out on our own, out of reach of most of the tentacles of the EU's institutions. It is an over-simplification, but to explain the difference, you can point to the deal that Canada did with the EU, a free trade agreement essentially, where there is co-operation and collaboration to make it easy for business. But there is nothing like the current situation - whether that's on immigration, rules for industry or the legal system. There is a strong and significant faction inside the Tory party that agrees with them and are extremely well organised and willing to make trouble if they see that possibility being undermined. That's what explains the co-ordinated cage-rattling by Brexiteers since the first phase deal fell apart on Monday afternoon. But there are others in Theresa May's team who think the best thing for business, and the best thing for the country is to mirror the EU's arrangements as far as we possibly can. The idea is that even though we will have left the EU, we preserve as much of our trading relationship as possible, even if that means continuing to be bound by many of the EU's rules and routines in all but name. Again, it's a generalisation, but a relationship like Norway and the EU where they have very close ties (but not much influence) gives you a rough idea. Theresa May always says that she wants a \"bespoke deal\", but you can get a sense of the two different kinds of options here. 'High or low' The technical term in Whitehall for the competing visions is \"high or low alignment\". While the government disputes that it is only a choice of one or the other, politically in the Tory party it is a question of two \"sides\". And so far, the prime minister has avoided coming down completely on one side or another. Talk to ministers on different sides privately and they both seem to think Theresa May agrees with them, although they can't be completely sure.. There are intensely strong feelings in both camps, and so far, Theresa May's way of broadly avoiding arguments has been not to have the discussion. Essentially what could be an enormous row, that might even end up with some members of the Cabinet resigning, has been postponed, rather than resolved. But the crisis over the DUP has tightened the valve on what's a political pressure cooker. Because, to use the jargon, that dispute is essentially about 'alignment'. The problem of Northern Ireland is the DUP's deep discomfort that Northern Ireland could be more closely aligned to the rest of the EU, and Dublin, than the rest of the UK. Basically, they don't want to be pulled more tightly to Dublin than to Westminster. It is its own deeply important, and sensitive, issue. But it has forced the question of alignment more generally out into the open. And it's the first time the truce on the issue has been tested. How closely 'aligned' should the UK really be outside the EU? The prime minister had to make a call over the weekend to get to a potential deal to move on to the next phase of the Brexit talks. But the way that deal held out the possibility of \"high alignment\", was simply not acceptable to many people in her party, as well as the DUP. Ideological disputes So now, the time is coming, and coming soon, when she will have to answer the question she's avoided answering in detail for many months. And the discussion she has been postponing in Cabinet for over a year. There's a good reason. It's been to keep a lid on the ideological disputes that she knows exists. On Wednesday afternoon Number 10 confirmed officially that the cabinet would have the discussion before Christmas. Her allies point again and again to the clues that she has given in her big interventions in the debate - whether the Lancaster House speech or her address in Florence. On the question of alignment, sources in the Department for Exiting the European Union say that she made her position plain with this simple passage. \"There will be areas which do affect our economic relations where we and our European friends may have different goals; or where we share the same goals but want to achieve them through different means. \"And there will be areas where we want to achieve the same goals in the same ways, because it makes sense for our economies.\" But the carefully constructed phrases she has put forward in her major speeches about Brexit have been, in a sense, sophisticated sticking plasters. They have set out generalities, not specifics, and whether the implications were misunderstood or just ignored at the time, the reality of having to make actual decisions as the negotiations progress mean that sooner or later, she will have to rip them off." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Simon JackBusiness editor That was what one senior financier told me at a recent dinner when I asked him about his Brexit contingency plans. It was a view widely shared around a table of banking, insurance and private equity top brass. The majority of the fifteen or so said they were planning for a no deal, no transition, cliff-edge scenario. \"It's the only sensible thing we can do given the progress made so far,\" said another. Most did not even think there was time to negotiate the terms of a transition deal, and even if there was, it would not stop them carrying through with their contingency plans. Last chance saloon The industry group that represents these people, TheCityUK, is calling on the government to agree an off-the-shelf, whole economy, status quo transition deal urgently, and tell me there is a strong feeling among members that Theresa May's speech in Florence, and the next round of negotiations, will be the last chance to agree a damage-limiting deal. It is perhaps unsurprising that the warnings from an industry lobbying group are getting more shrill as time slips by. They are paid by their members to do the complaining about government that they can't do in public themselves. What is more surprising is the level of resignation in private among the financial community that contingency plans cannot and will not now be reversed. Repercussions So far, the publicly disclosed number of financial services jobs to move from the UK is just under 10,000. That is under 3% of the total number of people employed in finance in London and around 1% of those employed in the UK as a whole. Hardly an exodus - more of a trickle, and I am often reminded on social media that there are many people in the country who would happily give a few departing bankers a lift to the airport. But any erosion of a sector that accounts for 8% of GDP, 12% of all tax and 29% of all exports will have repercussions for the wealth and health of the nation. The prospect of a no-deal Brexit is considered a contributing factor to a decline in prime London residential values of 10% in some areas and construction experts are predicting a decline in new commercial building (although that decline hasn't shown up in the data so far). As one chief executive told me, \"we are placing a few buckets around Europe, we will pour a little now - and then we can add to it if we need over time. There will be no flood but you know a persistent leak can damage the value of any property\". Domestic pull There is an important caveat to these dread warnings. Around the table, not one of my dinner companions wanted to leave the UK. A lot is made of the mobility of global capital - but global capital doesn't have partners, kids and lifestyles they like. That is why there will be no exodus. No one really wants to go and no alternative destination could accommodate them even if they wanted to. This is not about day one - its about year ten. Once upon a time, Florence was the financial capital of Europe. Five hundred years later it is London. Groups that represent the modern equivalent are warning London faces a long term decline in its pre-eminent position unless it acts now. Even if the government heeds today's call to action and agrees a transition deal quickly, many in the financial services industry feel it is getting a bit late to fix the roof." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Philippa RoxbyHealth reporter It estimates 2.1 million have missed out on screening, while 290,000 people with suspected symptoms have not been referred for hospital tests. More than 23,000 cancers could have gone undiagnosed during lockdown. Cancer services are starting to reopen across the UK. Cancer Research UK's figures are based on data for England and estimated for the whole of the UK. Treatment cancelled During lockdown, the health service focused on the care and treatment of patients with Covid-19, while other services, such as cancer care, were scaled back. People were still encouraged to seek medical help when they needed it - but there were fewer cancer operations and many chemotherapy and radiotherapy appointments were postponed. Screening programmes that detect early signs of bowel, breast and cervical cancer were paused in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, although not officially stopped in England. And an estimated 2.1 million people who would normally have had routine screening missed out, Cancer Research UK says. The charity says urgent referrals, when patients with suspected cancer symptoms are referred to hospitals by their GP, fell by up to 75% in the first four weeks of lockdown, although these figures have since improved. Patients receiving treatments for cancer also fell, with 6,000 fewer people receiving chemotherapy and 2,800 fewer receiving radiotherapy over the past 10 weeks. And there were only 60% - 12,800 fewer - of the usual number of operations to remove tumours, Cancer Research UK estimates. Chief executive Michelle Mitchell said Covid-19 has placed an \"enormous strain on cancer services\". \"The NHS has had to make very hard decisions to balance risk,\" she said. \"And there have been some difficult discussions with patients about their safety and ability to continue treatment during this time,\" she said. \"Prompt diagnosis and treatment remain crucial to give people with cancer the greatest chances of survival and prevent the pandemic taking even more lives.\" To ensure no-one is put at risk from the virus now that cancer care is returning, Cancer Research UK said \"frequent testing of NHS staff and patients, including those without symptoms\" was vital. 'Lives turned upside down' It estimates that up to 37,000 tests for the virus would need to be carried out each day for this purpose if the NHS was back running as normal. This is happening at different speeds in the four nations of the UK, with the setting up of safe Covid-free spaces in hospitals key to addressing the backlog of patients. NHS England said coronavirus \"has turned millions of lives upside down\" but cancer services were now largely \"open, ready and able to receive all patients who need care\". Anyone concerned about cancer symptoms should contact their GP. The Welsh and Scottish governments said cancer screening programmes would resume when safe, based on clinical advice. In Northern Ireland, there are plans for urgent cancer surgery and treatment to resume, along with routine screening. Macmillan Cancer Support recently warned of a potential \"ticking cancer timebomb\" due to disrupted cancer services. It said urgent action was needed to make sure cancer does not become the forgotten 'C' during the pandemic. \"We continue to urge the government to set out exactly how it will support the NHS to rapidly rebuild cancer services, including how people will be protected from infection by ensuring there is enough staff, regular testing, plentiful supplies of PPE and... social distancing,\" Sara Bainbridge, head of policy, said. Have you or a loved one missed cancer screening, treatment or tests in the past 10 weeks? How has the lockdown affected your cancer treatment? Share your experiences by emailing [email protected]. Please include a contact number if you are willing to speak to a BBC journalist." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "An estimated 4.2m people are waiting to be seen - the highest since 2007. April's figures also showed growing numbers waiting more than 18 weeks, the treatment target time, including people due to have cataract or back surgery and knee and hip replacements. The rising numbers come after the health service was forced to postpone thousands of operations in the winter. That action was taken to relieve the pressure on A&E departments. It means the number of patients now waiting longer than they should has topped 500,000 for the first time since 2008, although some trusts have had problems reporting data in previous months which has kept the figures lower than they were in reality. Patients 'paying the price' Janet Davies, Royal College of Nursing general secretary, said: \"Cancelling non-urgent care may have helped the NHS fight though one of the worst winters in recent memory, but patients in need of elective surgery should not have to pay the price for chronic staff shortages and years of underfunding.\" Phillippa Hentsch, of NHS Providers, which represents hospitals, said the rising numbers were \"worrying\". She also highlighted the continued missed targets in cancer and A&E. And she added they demonstrated the need for \"substantial\" resources to be announced in the long-term funding settlement that has been promised by Prime Minister Theresa May. Ministers are currently discussing how much the NHS should get, with an announcement expected in the next few weeks in time for the 70th anniversary of the creation of the health service at the start of July." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Dr Nicola Brink described the decision as a \"heavy responsibility\", but said it was the \"right thing to do\". The director of public health said Guernsey's mortality was the \"lowest in the British Isles\", with just 14 confirmed and three presumptive deaths. She paid tribute to those who died, emphasising they were all \"important\". The island's initial lockdown lasted for 88 days, with Guernsey, Alderney and Sark operating essentially without restrictions between June and 23 January, when a second wave of the virus was detected and a lockdown imposed. Nearly all Covid-19 restrictions were lifted again on Monday and the bailiwick has gone 26 days without a new case of coronavirus. Dr Brink explained they had succeeded in protecting the Princess Elizabeth Hospital. \"So whilst every death is important and every death counts, the fact that we've had the lowest mortality rate in the British Isles related to Covid-19 is something we can justifiably reflect on as a more positive outcome,\" she said. Gavin St Pier, former Chair of the Civil Contingencies Authority, who made the decision to impose lockdown in March 2020, said initially they thought it would last between two weeks and a month . \"I don't think we could have had any expectation at that stage that we would still be managing the pandemic 52 weeks later. \"I think the scale of the decision was weighing upon us all at the time, but even then I don't think we had a full appreciation of what we were facing.\" Follow BBC Guernsey on Twitter and Facebook. Send your story ideas to [email protected]. Related Internet Links Coronavirus - States of Guernsey" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Several hostages have been killed. The International Energy Agency said that \"political risk writ large\" dominates much of the energy market, \"and not just in Syria, Iran, Iraq, Libya or Venezuela\". The IEA also raised its forecast for global oil demand this year on the back of Chinese and US demand. \"The 16 January kidnapping and murder of foreign oil workers at the In Amenas gas field has cast a dark cloud over the outlook for the country's energy sector,\" it said. \"Production at the field was shut in, including an estimated 50,000 barrels per day of condensate.\" The In Amenas field is operated as a joint-venture between Algeria's Sonatrach, Norwegian operator Statoil and UK energy giant BP. The agency raised its forecast for global oil demand this year following greater demand in the last three months of 2012 by the two biggest economies in the world. The forecast is now 240,000 barrels per day more than its estimate in December, up to 90.8 million barrels per day - 1% more than in 2012. Islamist militants are continuing to hold a number of hostages at a gas facility in the Algerian desert. One Briton was killed when militants ambushed a convoy on Wednesday. BP said hundreds of workers from international oil companies had been evacuated from Algeria on Thursday and that many more would follow." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The Dow Jones fell 208 points, or 1.3%, at 15885.22, while the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq indexes both lost 1.6% to 1906.90 and 4,518.49 respectively. Oil prices slid more than 6% as persistent concerns of oversupply were exacerbated by news that Iraq's output reached a record high last month. The sharp falls wiped out most of the gains from a short lived rally. All three main Wall Street indexes rose on Thursday and Friday, marking their first gains so far for the year. Wedbush Securities managing director of equity trading Michael James said the market volatility was directly linked to the fluctuations in the oil price. \"Better oil markets Thursday and Friday led to better equity markets. A $2 retracement in oil today, it's not surprising to see a retracement in the equity indices,\" he said. Oil companies were the biggest losers, with Exxon and Chevron both closing over 3% lower, while ConocoPhillips dropped 9.2%. Johnson Controls, which makes ventilation systems and car batteries, sank 3.9% after it announced a deal to merge with Ireland-based Tyco International. The so called tax inversion deal would allow Johnson Controls to avoid relatively high US corporate tax rates by moving its headquarters to Tyco's base in Ireland's Cork." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Paul WoodBBC News, Doha A list of the hostages was given to Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman al-Thani, who was about to become Qatar's foreign minister. He realised that it included two of his own relatives. \"Jassim is my cousin and Khaled is my aunt's husband,\" he texted Qatar's ambassador to Iraq, Zayed al-Khayareen. \"May God protect you: once you receive any news, update me immediately.\" The two men would spend the next 16 months consumed by the hostage crisis. In one version of events, they would pay more than a billion dollars to free the men. The money would go to groups and individuals labelled \"terrorists\" by the US: Kataib Hezbollah in Iraq, which killed American troops with roadside bombs; General Qasem Soleimani, leader of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards' Quds Force and personally subject to US and EU sanctions; and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, once known as al-Nusra Front, when it was an al-Qaeda affiliate in Syria. In another version of events - Qatar's own - no money was paid to \"terrorists\", only to the Iraqi state. In this version, the money still sits in the Central Bank of Iraq's vault in Baghdad, though all the hostages are home. The tortuous story of the negotiations emerges, line by line, in texts and voicemails sent between the foreign minister and the ambassador. These were obtained by a government hostile to Qatar and passed to the BBC. So, did Qatar pay the biggest ransom in history? Sheikh Mohammed is a former economist and a distant relative of the emir. He was not well known before he was promoted to foreign minister at the relatively young age of 35. At the time of the kidnapping, the ambassador Zayed al-Khayareen was in his 50s, and was said to have held the rank of colonel in Qatari intelligence. He was Qatar's first envoy to Iraq in 27 years, but this was not an important post. The crisis was his chance to improve his position. The hostages had gone to Iraq to hunt with falcons. They were warned - implored - not to go. But falconry is the sport of kings in the Gulf and there were flocks of the falcons' prey, the Houbara bustard, in the empty expanse of southern Iraq. The hunters' camp was overrun by pick-up trucks mounted with heavy machine guns in the early hours of the morning. A former hostage told the New York Times they thought it was \"Isis\", the Sunni jihadist group Islamic State. But then one of the kidnappers used a Shia insult to Sunnis. For many agonising weeks, the Qatari government heard nothing. But in March 2016, things started to move. Officials learned that the kidnappers were from Kataib Hezbollah (the Party of God Brigades), an Iraqi Shia militia supported by Iran. The group wanted money. Ambassador Khayareen texted Sheikh Mohammed: \"I told them, 'Give us back 14 of our people... and we will give you half of the amount.'\" The \"amount\" is not clear in the phone records at this stage. Five days later, the group offered to release three hostages. \"They want a gesture of goodwill from us as well,\" the ambassador wrote. \"This is a good sign... that they are in a hurry and want to end everything soon.\" Two days later the ambassador was in the Green Zone in Baghdad, a walled off and heavily guarded part of the city where the Iraqi government and foreign embassies are located. Iraq in March is already hot. The atmosphere in the Green Zone would have seemed especially stifling: supporters of the Shia cleric Moqtada Sadr were at the gates, protesting about corruption. The staff of some embassies had fled, the ambassador reported. This provided a tense backdrop to the negotiations. Mr Khayareen waited. But there was no sign of the promised release. He wrote: \"This is the third time that I come to Baghdad for the hostages' case and I have never felt frustrated like this time. I've never felt this stressed. I don't want to leave without the hostages. :( :(\" The kidnappers turned up, not with hostages but with a USB memory stick containing a video of a solitary captive. \"What guarantee do we have that the rest are with them?\" Sheikh Mohammed asked the ambassador. \"Delete the video from your phone... Make sure it doesn't leak, to anyone.\" Mr Khayareen agreed, saying: \"We don't want their families to watch the video and get emotionally affected.\" The hostages had been split up - the royals were put in a windowless basement; their friends, the other non-royals, and the non-Qataris in the party, were taken elsewhere and given better treatment and food. A Qatari official told me that the royals were moved around, sometimes every two to three days, but always kept somewhere underground. They had only a single Koran to read between them. For almost the entire 16 months they spent in captivity, they had no idea what was happening in the outside world. If money was the answer to this problem, at least the Qataris had it. But the texts and voicemails show that the kidnappers added to their demands, changing them, going backwards and forwards: Qatar should leave the Saudi-led coalition battling Shia rebels in Yemen. Qatar should secure the release of Iranian soldiers held prisoner by rebels in Syria. Then it was money again. And as well as the main ransom, the militia commanders wanted side payments for themselves. As one session of talks ended, a Kataib Hezbollah negotiator, Abu Mohammed, apparently took the ambassador aside and asked for $10m (£7.6m) for himself. \"Abu Mohammed asked, 'What's in it for me? Frankly I want 10',\" the ambassador said in a voicemail. \"I told him, 'Ten? I am not giving you 10. Only if you get my guys done 100%...' \"To motivate him, I also told him that I am willing to buy him an apartment in Lebanon.\" The ambassador used two Iraqi mediators, both Sunnis. They visited the Qatari foreign minister, asking in advance for \"gifts\": $150,000 in cash and five Rolex watches, \"two of the most expensive kind, three of regular quality\". It's not clear if these gifts were for the mediators themselves or were to grease the kidnappers' palms as the talks continued. In April 2016, the phone records were peppered with a new name: Qasem Soleimani, Kataib Hezbollah's Iranian patron. By now, the ransom demand appears to have reached the astonishing sum of $1bn. Even so, the kidnappers held out for more. The ambassador texted the foreign minister: \"Soleimani met with the kidnappers yesterday and pressured them to take the $1b. They didn't respond because of their financial condition... Soleimani will go back.\" The ambassador texted again that the Iranian general was \"very upset\" with the kidnappers. \"They want to exhaust us and force us to accept their demands immediately. We need to stay calm and not to rush.\" But, he told Sheikh Mohammed, \"You need to be ready with $$$$.\" The minister replied: \"God helps!\" Months passed. Then in November 2016, a new element entered the negotiations. Gen Soleimani wanted Qatar to help implement the so-called \"four towns agreement\" in Syria. At the time, two Sunni towns held by the rebels were surrounded by the Syrian government, which is supported by Iran. Meanwhile, two Shia towns loyal to the government were also under siege by Salafist rebels, who were apparently supported by Qatar. (The rebels were said to include members of the former al-Nusra Front.) Under the agreement, the sieges of the four towns would be lifted and their populations evacuated. According to the ambassador, Gen Soleimani told Kataib Hezbollah that if Shia were saved because of the four towns agreement, it would be \"shameful\" to demand personal bribes. \"Hezbollah Lebanon, and Kataib Hezbollah Iraq, all want money and this is their chance,\" the ambassador texted the foreign minister. \"They are using this situation to benefit... especially that they know that it's nearly the end... All of them are thieves.\" The last mention in the exchanges of a $1bn ransom is in January 2017, along with another figure - $150m. The government that gave us this material - which is hostile to Qatar - believes the discussions between Sheikh Mohammed and Mr Khayareen were about $1bn in ransom plus $150m in side payments, or \"kickbacks\". But the texts are ambiguous. It could be that the four towns deal was what was required to free the hostages, plus $150m in personal payments to the kidnappers. Qatari officials accept that the texts and voicemails are genuine, though they believe they have been edited \"very selectively\" to give a misleading impression. The transcripts were leaked, to the Washington Post, in April 2018. Our sources waited until officials in Doha issued denials. Then they sought to embarrass Qatar by releasing the original audio recordings. Qatar is under economic blockade by some of its neighbours - Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt. This regional dispute has produced an intensive, and expensive, campaign of hacking, leaking and briefings in Washington and London. The hostage crisis was brought to an end in April 2017. A Qatar Airways plane flew to Baghdad to deliver money and bring the hostages back. This was confirmed by Qatari officials, though Qatar Airways itself declined to comment. Qatar is in a legal dispute with its neighbours about overflight rights. The question of whether the emirate's national carrier was used to make payments to \"terrorists\" will have a bearing on the case - one reason, presumably, why we were leaked this material. Who would get the cash flown into Baghdad - and how much was there? Our original source - the government opposed to Qatar - maintains that it was more than $1bn, plus $150m in kickbacks, much of it destined for Kataib Hezbollah. Qatari officials confirm that a large sum in cash was sent - but they say it was for the Iraqi government, not terrorists. The payments were for \"economic development\" and \"security co-operation\". \"We wanted to make the Iraqi government fully responsible for the hostages' safety,\" the officials say. The Qataris thought they had made a deal with the Iraqi interior minister. He was waiting at the airport when the plane landed with its cargo of cash in black duffel bags. Then armed men swept in, wearing military uniforms without insignia. \"We still don't know who they were,\" a Qatari official told me. \"The interior minister was pushed out.\" This could only be a move by the Iraqi Prime Minister, Haider al-Abadi, they reasoned. The Qatari prime minister frantically called Mr Abadi. He did not pick up. Mr Abadi later held a news conference, saying that he had taken control of the cash. Although the money had been seized, the hostage release went ahead anyway, tied to implementation of the \"four towns agreement\". In the texts, a Qatari intelligence officer, Jassim Bin Fahad Al Thani - presumably a member of the royal family - was present on the ground. First, \"46 buses\" took people from the two Sunni towns in Syria. \"We took out 5,000 people over two days,\" Jassim Bin Fahad texted. \"Now we are taking 3,000... We don't want any bombings.\" A few days later, the Shia towns were evacuated. Sheikh Mohammed sent a text that \"3,000 [Shia] are being held in exchange location... when we have seen our people, I will let the buses move.\" The ambassador replied that the other side was worried. \"They are panicking. They said that if the sun rises [without the Shia leaving] they will take our people back.\" On 21 April 2017, the Qatari hostages were released. All were \"fine\", the ambassador reported, but \"they lost almost half of their weight\". The ambassador arranged for the plane taking them home to have \"biryani and kabsa, white rice and sauté... Not for me. The guys are missing this food.\" Sixteen months after they were taken, television pictures showed the hostages, gaunt but smiling, on the tarmac at Doha airport. The sources for the texts and voicemails - officials from a government hostile to Qatar - say the material shows that \"Qatar sent money to terrorists\". Shortly after the money was flown to Baghdad, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt began their economic blockade of Qatar. They still accuse Qatar of having a \"long history\" of financing \"terrorism\". The anti-Qatar sources point to one voicemail from Ambassador Khayareen. In it, he describes telling a Kataib Hezbollah leader: \"You should trust Qatar, you know what Qatar did, what His Highness the Emir's father did... He did many things, this and that, and paid 50 million, and provided infrastructure for the south, and he was the first one who visited.\" Our sources maintain that this shows an historic payment, under the old emir, of $50m to Kataib Hezbollah. Qatari officials say it shows support for Shia in general. Whether the blockade of Qatar continues will depend on who wins the argument over \"terrorist financing\". Partly, this is a fight over whom to believe about how a kidnapping in the Iraqi desert was ended. Qatari officials say the money they flew to Baghdad remains in a vault in the Iraqi central bank \"on deposit\". Their opponents say that the Iraqi government inserted itself into the hostage deal and distributed the money. For the time being, the mystery over whether Qatar did make the biggest ransom payment in history remains unsolved. Update 17 July 2018: Since the article was published, a Qatari official told the BBC the payment of $50m by the Qatari emir's father was for humanitarian aid. The official said: \"Qatar has a history of providing humanitarian aid for people in need regardless of religion or race. Whether they were Sunni or Shia did not factor into the decisions.\"" ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "In 2017, there were 22 reports of motorbikes being taken from outside hotels in Liverpool city centre in the lead-up to the event. More than 40,000 bikers are expected to travel to the festival with many travelling by ferry from the city. Merseyside Police are also teaming up with local hotels to raise awareness. \"This operation is designed to reassure race-goers that we are deploying resources in the right places to ensure that would-be thieves are disrupted ahead of what promises to be a great TT event,\" said Sgt Dave Yorke from the force's Matrix Roads Policing unit. \"Officers will be on the ground, and local businesses and hotels are working alongside us to ensure that CCTV coverage is in place.\" \"Working together, we can ensure that bikes are kept safe and secure in Liverpool, and I can assure people that we will rigorously pursue anyone who attempts to steal any vehicles at this or any time\". The first practice session for the TT will be held on Saturday 26 May. Protect yourself and your bike:" ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "The bikes, valued at £8,000, were taken from a storage unit at the Arthog Outreach Centre, in Wellington, some time between Monday and Thursday. Development manager Alastair James said the centre had been forced to cancel some schools' activities. The site, based at Shortwood Primary School, was set up in 2008 and works with about 250 children each week. The centre, which is run by Telford and Wrekin Council, provides outdoor activities for local schools. It also supports young people in the area who take part in the Duke of Edinburgh Awards. Telford police are investigating and are asking anyone with information to call 0300 333 3000." ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "By Michael BaggsNewsbeat reporter Videos and photos on social media appear to show a rush through the gates and a huge queue of people trying to get into We Are FSTVL. Some ticketholders told Radio 1 Newsbeat they left the site without getting into the event. Organisers have apologised for the problems. The two-day festival is held in east London and its Saturday line-up included Chase and Status, Bugzy Malone and CamelPhat. Eyewitnesses say a lack of wristbands meant that people had to queue in hot temperatures in Upminster - which led to people charging past staff and into the event. \"They'd run out of wristbands at the door so they didn't have drink token wristbands when they were letting people through,\" one 20-year-old female, who didn't want to be named, tells Radio 1 Newsbeat. \"They weren't handing out water so everyone in the queue for three hours didn't have a drink.\" 'They took out the barriers and pushed through security' The woman says she was standing near people vomiting in a fenced off area and claims that staff nearby offered no help before the rush at the gates. \"A barrier got thrown into the crowds, the woman next to me got hit by it and it sliced a massive chunk out of her leg,\" she says. \"She's passed out on the floor, security ran over to her and people were just charging through. They took out the barriers, pushed through security, punching security, just taking everyone out in their way.\" She left the festival shortly afterwards and was escorted out into a car park by festival employees. She says when she left, she saw ambulances and police vans arriving on the site. In a statement given to Newsbeat, the Metropolitan Police said: \"Officers are at the location and working alongside organisers and London Ambulance Service. \"We are not aware of any serious injury.\" Festival-goer Renardo Henry, 21, travelled from Birmingham for the festival and says he was standing near people who passed out in the heat. \"We were in the queue, four people had collapsed around us, people were throwing up and shouting for medics, all the staff were doing was throwing water bottles into the crowd of people.\" 'People were crawling on the floor and crying' He was also involved in the crush at the festival entrance. \"Everyone at the back of us was just pushing towards us,\" he says. \"I turned around to see my friends getting crushed by other people. People were coming out of there crawling and crying because they'd been trampled on. \"It was ridiculous and all the security was doing was trying to push people back.\" But he says he and his two friends will return to We Are FSTVL on Sunday to try and get in again for the festival's second day. The festival has put out a statement, offering \"sincere apologies\" for anyone that experienced delays. Organisers also say they'll be adding additional staff and \"infrastructure\" to try and speed up the ticket checking process for Sunday's programme. Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here." ] ]	100
[ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust and NHS Norfolk and Waveney will present proposals on Thursday. The redesign means changes to the way people with depression and dementia access and receive care services. The plans have been drawn up by clinical leaders and aim to provide high quality and responsive services. The trust's chief executive Aidan Thomas will present the proposals to Norfolk's scrutiny committee, which is charged with safeguarding the interests of users. They include a new access and assessment service covering the two counties and the division of Norfolk into three service areas based on Great Yarmouth and Waveney, west Norfolk and central Norfolk. New roles and ways of working for staff will also be discussed." ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Suffolk County Council will decide who will take over its 16 care homes and eight wellbeing centres at a cabinet meeting on 17 April. The council said it had a shortlist of three candidates. Staff currently employed by the council will transfer to the new provider. Councillor Colin Noble said the change would \"bring the necessary investment and additional expertise\" to Suffolk. The council said 23 expressions of interest had been received since May last year. Bidders were asked to prove they were financially sound and capable of providing enough specialist places for people with \"dementia and complex care needs\". Mr Noble, portfolio holder for adult and community services, said: \"We anticipated that by 2030 the number of older people and those suffering with dementia in the county will double. \"We must make sure that for those needing the most intense care they get a high quality service in fit for purpose facilities.\"" ] ]	[ [ "Represent the example for the following task: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.:", "Somerset County Council is proposing replacing its 24 Sure Start centres with eight \"family centres\" to co-ordinate work in the surrounding areas. The remaining 16 buildings would host early childhood services such as nursery places. The review involves the creation of a new Family Support Service, which would incorporate some child health services. Children and families councillor Frances Nicholson said it was a \"misconception that changing the status of the [children's centre] buildings would mean a reduction in services\". School nurses The authority said nurseries currently operating from children's centre buildings would continue to operate and, in some areas, be expanded. But support such as health visitor services would operate from community buildings and in people's homes. Councillors will also consider whether the county should take over the running of public health nursing services - such as health visitors and school nurses - from Somerset Partnership NHS Trust. If agreed, staff employed by the trust would transfer to the new council-run Family Support Service. The plans will be discussed by the Children and Families Scrutiny Committee on Friday 26 January. A decision on whether to continue with the proposals will be made by the county's cabinet on 12 February. Children's centres are places where parents with young children can go for help with things like breastfeeding, budgeting, making healthy choices for their family and postnatal depression." ] ]	100